Design and implementation of monitoring
systems
Jan Verduijn
Chairman ITU-R WP1C on
Spectrum Monitoring
ITU-D expert
Outline




Role and tasks of a monitoring service;
How to design a monitoring network;
Requirements for a monitoring network;
Integration in a spectrum management
system;
 Some examples
 Conclusions
Regional ITU Workshop, Amman, 5 - 7 December 2011
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Functional elements in Spectrum Management
Invoicing
Frequency
Planning
Radio Station
Licensing
System
Admin
Technical
Analysis
GIS
Radio Operator
Certification
SPECTRUM
DATABASE
Equipment
Characteristics
International
Coordination
Enforcement
Monitoring
Automated
Radio Monitoring
System
Regional ITU Workshop, Amman, 5 - 7 December 2011
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Spectrum Management Cycle
MONITORING
Enforcement
Functional elements
Spectrum
Management process
RADIO SPECTRUM
MONITORING
MONITORING
Feed back
Feed forward
Regional ITU Workshop, Amman, 5 - 7 December 2011
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Spectrum Management Cycle in the past????
MONITORING
Enforcement
Functional elements
Spectrum
Management process
RADIO SPECTRUM
MONITORING
MONITORING
Feed back
Feed forward
Regional ITU Workshop, Amman, 5 - 7 December 2011
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Spectrum Management Process
Key elements in Spectrum Management:



Frequency Management (PLANS)
Licensing (PERMITS)
Enforcement (VERIFIES)
Role of Monitoring :
To support these key-elements in order
to realise a usable and interference free spectrum
Spectrum Monitoring goals - 1
To support spectrum management strategy,
dependent on national regulatory policy:
 Spectrum engineering/planning: for spectrum
users through ‘first come - first served’, auctions,
beauty contests and re-farming of frequency
assignments
Regional ITU Workshop, Amman, 5 - 7 December 2011
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Spectrum Monitoring goals - 2
 Frequency management: actual usage
evidence, frequency band audits, frequency
band occupancy/usage
 Frequency co-ordination and notification:
national and international co-ordination rules,
models, measurements
Regional ITU Workshop, Amman, 5 - 7 December 2011
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Spectrum Monitoring goals - 3
 Licensing/authorisation: licence
compliance inspection (proactive or
reactive), frequency channel occupancy
statistics
 Network roll-out/Quality of Service
(QoS): licence compliance and market
information for consumers (e.g. mobile
phone / broadcast)
Regional ITU Workshop, Amman, 5 - 7 December 2011
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Spectrum Monitoring goals - 4
 Enforcement:
 interference resolution (reactive);
 campaigns (proactive) on illegal usage;
 check parameters of emissions.
Regional ITU Workshop, Amman, 5 - 7 December 2011
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Role of Monitoring in the overall Spectrum Management
process
Monitoring can be defined as a
process of observing the radio
frequency spectrum and report on
the use of it.
Regional ITU Workshop, Amman,
5 - 7 December 2011
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Planning a new monitoring network
 Main considerations;
 Main questions to be answered;
 How about the available budget?
Regional ITU Workshop, Amman,
5 - 7 December 2011
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Main considerations
 Coverage areas of monitoring based on
responsibilities of the regulator;
 Coverage areas of monitoring based on
the needs of other functional elements of
the spectrum management process;
Regional ITU Workshop, Amman,
5 - 7 December 2011
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Design of a monitoring network - 2
 Coverage areas of monitoring based on future planned use
of radio communication;
 Coverage areas of monitoring based on monitoring needs;
 Other elements for consideration:
– Coverage areas of monitoring based on practical
implementation;
– Spread of the population;
– Size of the country
Regional ITU Workshop, Amman,
5 - 7 December 2011
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Main questions - 1

Based on the size of the country;


Where to locate manned monitoring stations;
Where to locate automated remote fixed monitoring
stations;

What are the frequency bands to be
covered and how;

What type of equipment is needed;
Regional ITU Workshop, Amman,
5 - 7 December 2011
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Main questions - 2

How many mobile monitoring vehicles are needed;

How many transportable stations are needed;

Is space monitoring needed?

Available budget;

Monitoring principles
Regional ITU Workshop, Amman,
5 - 7 December 2011
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Principle of monitoring policy
‘What can be done, using the equipment and
facilities of the (Remote) Fixed Monitoring Stations,
should not be done by Mobile Monitoring Stations.’
In remote areas more need for
direction finding equipment
Requirements for a monitoring system





What antenna system is needed?
Quality of the equipment;
What type of tasks are to be carried out?
What performance of the results is needed?
Communication between the various
station?
Regional ITU Workshop, Amman, 5 - 7 December 2011
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Example frequency band scan (spectrogram)
Regional ITU Workshop, Amman, 5 - 7 December 2011
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Example frequency channel ocupancy
Occupancy
Average
100%
Busy Hour
80%
15:15
58%
60%
40%
20%
0
hrs
0
0:
0
0
2
2:
0
0
0:
0
0
2
8:
0
0
1
6:
0
0
1
1
4:
0
0
2:
0
0
1
0:
0
0
1
8:
0
0
0
0
6:
0
0
0
4:
0
0
2:
0
0
0
0:
0
0
0%
Occupancy on day Monday till Friday
Occupancy
Average
100%
Busy Hour
80%
19:45
55%
60%
40%
20%
0
hrs
0
0:
0
0
2
2:
0
0
2
0:
0
0
8:
0
0
1
6:
0
0
1
1
4:
0
0
1
2:
0
0
0:
0
0
1
8:
0
0
0
0
6:
0
0
0
4:
0
0
2:
0
0
0
0:
0
0
0%
Occupancy on days Saturday and Sunday
Regional ITU Workshop, Amman, 5 - 7 December 2011
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Spectrum mask measurement
Regional ITU Workshop, Amman, 5 - 7 December 2011
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T-DAB 227 MHz
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PMR 460 MHz
Regional ITU Workshop, Amman, 5 - 7 December 2011
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GPS jammer, 1,5 GHz
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Digital network for the
police 380 – 390 MHz
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Wimax 3.4 – 3.6 GHz
2010
2011
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WIFI, license exempt
2,400 tot 2,480 GHz
5,150 tot 5,350 GHz
5,470 tot 5,725 GHz
Regional ITU Workshop, Amman, 5 - 7 December 2011
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Effect of a hectic incident
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Spectrum
available for
awarding
Orange bought by
T-Mobile. Orange
network switch-off
for increased
efficiency
New UMTS site
on air closer to
monitoring station
2nd carrier
installed for
capacity reasons
Telfort licence
returned to RCA
because of noncompliance
RCA demands 2
carriers from
T-Mobile to meet
T-Mobile and
former Orange
licence conditions
33
Theory versus practical
Regional ITU Workshop, Amman, 5 - 7 December 2011
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Some conclusions
 Monitoring is important to assist in the
spectrum management process:
– For the Regulator itself;
– For the users
 For the design and quality of a monitoring
network a number of important
considerations and questions need to be
responded;
Regional ITU Workshop, Amman,
5 - 7 December 2011
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Any Questions???
Jan.verduijn@srcon.nl or jan.verduijn@ties.itu.int
Regional ITU Workshop, Amman,
5 - 7 December 2011
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