The EU IST Project
BRAIN/MIND
An IP solution for systems beyond 3G
Dave Wisely
BTexact Technologies
MIND Technical Manager
dave.wisely@bt.com
ITU Seminar on IMT-2000 and systems beyond
Ottawa, 28th May 2002
Page 1
Introduction - Recent Developments
• Dominance of IP applications
– Voice over IP is becoming common
– IP is the transport technology for UMTS Releases 4 and 5
• Growth of new access technologies
– Wireless LANs – Public and corporate offerings in 2002 in
the UK
– ADSL – people become used to fast Internet/Intranet
access
• New “User-driven” prospective
– Requirement for personal mobility
– Ad-hoc networks outside the control of operators
• More complicated business models
– IP clearly separates networks and services
Page 2
Billing
AAA
SIP
Proxy Server
BRAIN/MIND: Vision
AAL2
Switching
Cloud
Vertical
Handover
UMTS
Bluetooth
SP Server Farm
IGSN
Gateway
IP backbone
DiffServ
IP - macro mobility
management
Global
Internet
ADSL
IP-based
micro-mobility
ISSL QoS
BRAIN
Access Routers
MIND Wireless
Routers
Hiperlan/802.11
MIND Mobile
Routers
Hiperlan
Page 3
BRAIN/MIND Objectives
• To enable broadband mobile multimedia applications
– Providing adaptation to changing QoS
– Enabling flexible and dynamic service provision
• To design an IP-based mobile access network
– With IP mobility, QoS and security functionality
– Including wireless/mobile ad-hoc extensions
• To define the requirements of a broadband air interface
– Interface to IP access network
– Spectrum requirements for systems beyond 3G
• To validate our fundamental design principles
– To trial the use of WLANs and IP access networks as
a complement to UMTS
• To contribute to global standardization
Page 4
MIND Project Structure
• RTD project of the IST
Programme of the EU
• Duration: Jun 01 - Nov 02
• Website: http://www.ist-mind.org
Page 5
BRAIN End Terminal Architecture
(BRENTA)
Application Type A Type B
Layer
Session
Layer
Extended
Socket
Interface
IP2W
Interface
Type C Type D
BRAIN QoS
BROKER GUI
BRAIN High-level API
BRAIN Component Level API
Session Layer Protocols(SIP, H323, RSVP..)
Transport
Layer
IP
Layer
Link
Layer
QoS and Mobility Support
Transport Layer
IP Layer with QoS and Mobility Support
Link Layer with QoS MAC
PHY
Page 6
Typical Scenario
Multihoming
devices: shortrange
and longrange
Player
,
MTS
ge (U
n
a
r
Long
Game Server
c.)
S, e t
GP R
Longrange (UMTS, GPRS, etc.)
S
pe hor
rfo tra
rm n g
an e h
c e ig
l in h
k
Internet
Player
MMR /
Multihoming
device
Longra
link
Player
h
hig k
e lin
g
e
n
tra nc
or rma
h
S rfo
pe
Shortrange high
performance link
ce link
rman
fo
r
e
p
high
ange
Shortr
per
form
anc
e
Simple device: no
multihoming and only
shortrange
Sho
rtra
nge
hig
h
nge (UM
TS, GP
RS, etc
.)
Mobile
Communication
Network
This link is
splitting
apart when
the two cars
are no
longer in
proximity
Player
Mobile User
Page 7
IP Design Principles (an all
all--IP
network)
• Network Transparency
– The “End to End Principle” as
applied to Mobile Wireless Networks
BAR
– Network simply delivers packets
IP packets sent
'Stupid looking'
to and received
network
(unopened)
from term inal,
Connectionless QoS• Enable & encourage future evolution assured IPv4/v6 packet
unchanged by
network
delivery
– Means component independence
BMG
– obey the layer model
– Keep efficiency without tight
IP Core
integration (3G)
Hosts using
standard IP
• Solve only the special problems of
protocols
Mobile Wireless Access
– Leave the fixed network to the IETF,
and contribute mobile wireless
parts there
Page 8
MIND Network Architecture
UTRAN
IP Network
Vertical
Handover
Access
Routers
MIND
Mobile
Routers
ACCESS
NETWORK
Mobility
Gateway
Access
Network
Wireless
Routers
ACCESS
NETWORK
QoS
Mobility Management
Control
Horizontal
Handover
Mobile
Node
Page 9
Mobility Management – Major Functions
Mobility Requirements
• Minimise mobility signalling traffic
• Provide seamless handovers (Min. delay and without loss of packets)
packets)
• Be scalable
• Be robust, i.e. supports multiple routes or rapid rere-routing
• Is compatible with other Internet protocols
Path Updates
Paging
Handover Framework
Mobile Node to Access Router Protocol
Page 10
BRAIN Candidate Mobility Management
Protocol
MG
ANP
MG
ANP
MG
ANP
AR
ANP
AR
AR
MH
AR
MG
ANP
MG
ANP
AR
ANP
AR
AR
AR
MG
ANP
ANP
AR
AR
AR
MH
AR
MH
• Access Routers ((AR
ARs) are located at the access network
edge and offer IP connectivity, default router to the Mobile
Hosts (MHs) that they serve
• Anchor Points ((ANP
ANPs) are located ‘inside’ the access
network, own & allocate addresses, authenticate users,
maintain user records, tunnel packets to Access Routers
• Mobility Gateways(MG
Gateways(MGs) standard border routers (no mobility
specific functionalities), distributing traffic to correct ANPs.
Page 11
The MIND IP to Wireless (IP2W) Interface
IP2W Control Interface
IP2W Data Interface
Wireless Link Control Functions
IP2W
compatible
wireless
link layer
Basic Data Transport Function
Configuration
Management
Address
Management
QoS Control
Error
Control
Buffer
Management
QoS
Support
Handover
Control
Idle Mode
Support
Security
Management
Segmentation
Re-assembly
Header
Compression
Multicast
Support
•IP
IP2W is applicable to different link layer technologies
•Makes
Makes the most efficient use of any functionality available
below layer 3
•QoS
QoS support must be provided below layer 3 on the
wireless link
Page 12
HIPERLAN/2 IP Convergence Layer
IP
Enhancement to support IP2W Interface
IP2W Interface
CL Control SAP
CL User SAP
• Detailed IP SSCS
specification completed
• IPv4 & IPv6 support
– IntServ, Diffserv
Convergence Layer (CL)
Service Specific
Convergence
Sublayer
(SSCS)
Control Plane
User Plane
Common Part
(CP)
Control Plane
User Plane
Common Part Convergence Sublayer (CPCS)
Transparent
to control
messages
Segmentation And Reassembly (SAR)
DLC Control SAP
Data Link Control
(DLC) layer
DLC User SAP
Control Plane
User Plane
H/2 Convergence Layer(s)
ATM
Cell based
1394 Ethernet IP
Packet based
3G Interworking
• Detailed Address
resolution schemes
• IP2W interface support
– QoS mapping & scheduling
– detailed network handover
– Paging (complies IETF
drafts)
– Unicast, Anycast,
Multicasting
Page 13
HIPERLAN/2 Physical layer Enhancments
Packet Error rate
10
10
10
0
ETSI Channel C; burst length = 1.476 ms; BPSK 1/2
• Enhancements
–
–
–
–
• Typical strategies
-1
-2
-5
Range
Efficiency
Mobility support (speed)
Ad-hoc support
– Multiple antennas
– Turbo coding
– Adaptive modulation
3 km/h
20 km/h
30 km/h
40 km/h
0
• Mac layer enhancements
5
C / N [dB]
10
15
20
– QoS support
– Multipoint - multipoint
Page 14
MIND Trials
• Application QoS control
• WLAN - UMTS Handover
– Comparison of coupling techniques
– Measurement of performance
• Mobility and QoS protocol
comparison and test
– BCMP vs HMIP
– QoS framework and extensions
• Evaluation of the H2 physical
layer
– Evaluation of BRAIN enhancements
•
Integration
– Roaming and macro-mobility
– Application, QoS and mobility
interaction
Page 15
MIND IP layer QoS testbed
Corres pondent Node
Hub
Router
MG
BAN Core network
DS enabled
At leas t one layer of routers
ACCESS ROUTER
MG
MIND QoS Test-bed
•802.11 Wireless Hops
•DiffServ Access network
•RSVP signalling
•Admission control at Access Nodes
•Interactions with mobility
–Mobile IP v6
–BCMP
•Possible extensions
–QoS Broker
–Bounded delay DiffServ
ACCESS ROUTER
Mobile Term inal with video and s ound capabilities
Page 16
Summary - MIND continues to solve
the “Beyond 3G” jigsaw!
Business models
All-IP radio
access network
Broadband
radio access
Scenarios
WLAN
UMTS
ad-hoc
handover
Mobility
QoS
Spectrum Requirements
Page 17
Acknowledgements
This work has been performed in the framework of
the IST project IST-2000-28584 MIND, which is partly
funded by the European Union. The authors would
like to acknowledge the contributions of their
colleagues from Siemens AG, British
Telecommunications PLC, Agora Systems S.A.,
Ericsson Radio Systems AB, France Télécom S.A.,
King's College London, Nokia Corporation, NTT
DoCoMo Inc, Sony International (Europe) GmbH, TSystems Nova GmbH, University of Madrid, and
Infineon Technologies AG.
Page 18