‫‪2‬‬
‫المسألــة ‪ :25/2‬تكنولوجيا النفاذ الخاصة باالتصاالت عريضة النطاق بما في ذلك االتصاالت المتنقلة الدولية‪ ،‬من أجل البلدان النامية‬
‫االحتـ ــاد الـ ــدويل لالتصـ ــاالت‬
‫مكـتب تنمي ـ ــة االتص ـ ــاالت‬
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‫‪01/2014‬‬
‫ ‪20 10 -2 0 14‬‬
‫طبع يف سويسرا‬
‫جنيف‪2014 ،‬‬
‫الـتـق ـريــر الـنـهــائــي‬
‫قطاع تنمية االتصاالت لجنة الدراسات ‪2‬‬
‫ا لـم ـس ــأ ل ـ ــة‬
‫‪25/2‬‬
‫تكنولوجيا النفاذ الخاصة باالتصاالت‬
‫عريضة النطاق بما في ذلك االتصاالت‬
‫المتنقلة الدولية‪ ،‬من أجل البلدان النامية‬
‫فرتة الدراسة اخلامسة‬
‫قطـ ــاع تنمي ـ ــة االتصـ ـ ـ ـ ــاالت‬
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Annexes ..............................................................................................................................
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Annex I: country Experiences.........................................................................................................
55
Annex II: Definition of Question 25/2 ............................................................................................
56
Annex III: Other ITU Sector Relevant Recommendations and Reports ............................................
59
II
Acronyms/Glossary .............................................................................................................
62
III
References ..........................................................................................................................
65
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Communications, Vol. 17, No. 2, p. 145-152, February 1999.
K. Lim, S. Kim, and H.-J. Lee, “Adaptive Radio Resource Allocation for a Mobile Packet Service in Multibeam Satellite 62
Systems”, ETRI Journal, Vol. 27, No. 1, p. 43-52, February 2005.
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http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/publications/birthofbroadband/faq.html; FCC, “Wireline Competition Bureau presentation of the section
706 report and broadband data gathering order”, March, 2008.; Industry Canada, “Broadband Canada: Connecting Rural Canadians FAQ”, October, 2009. http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/719.nsf/eng/h_00004.html#BPQ5.
FCC, “Connecting America: the national broadband plan”, March 2010, http://www.broadband.gov/download-plan/.
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51
I
Annexes
Annex I: Country Experiences
Annex II: Definition of Question 25/2
Annex III: Other ITU Sector Relevant Recommendations and Reports
II
Acronyms/Glossary
III
References
!" # $%%& :25/2 ( )* +$, '(
Annex I: Country Experiences
Source
Document
Technology
BDT
25/2/5
WiMAX/Microwave Backhaul
Case study on project in
Burundi is not available in
case study library
Democratic Republic of
Congo/ARPTC
25/2/6
WiMAX/WiFi/VSat/GSM/CD
MA/Fiber Optic Cable
Case study from D.R. Congo is
not available in case study
library
Rwanda/Rwanda Utilities
Regulatory Agency
25/2/7
WiMAX/WCDMA
Case study from Rwanda is
not available in case study
library
Egypt/NTRA
25/2/40 and
2/312
A variety of access
technologies
Evaluating different access
technology options
Japan/KDDI
25/2/43
WiMAX
Mobile WiMAX in Japan
Qualcomm Inc. (United States)
(Project in South Africa)
25/2/50
IMT
Mobile Health Information
System: Providing Access to
Information for Health Care
Workers
Qualcomm Inc. (United States)
(Project in Indonesia)
25/2/51
IMT
Mobile Microfranchising &
AppLab Initiatives
Argentine Republic
25/2/52
Satellite, Terrestrial
Broadcast, Fiber
Argentina Conectada
(Argentina Connected)
Country/Entity
Hyperlink to documents on
Case Study website
Qualcomm Inc. (United States)
(Project in Brazil)
2/339
IMT
Fishing the 3G Nets
Qualcomm Inc. (United States)
(Project in P.R. China)
2/340
IMT
Let’s Get Ready! Mobile
Safety Project
China Telecommunications
Corporation (P.R. China)
2/321
Introduction of China
Telecom’s fiber Cities
Broadband Development
Experience
Intel Corporation (United
States)
2/333
Reference Broadband
Implementation Plan
Microsoft Corporation (United
States)
2/338
Mawingu: Providing
broadband access using TV
White Spaces in Kenya
55
!" # $%%& :25/2 ( )* +$, '(
Annex II: Definition of Question 25/2
Question 25/2: Access technology for broadband telecommunications
including IMT, for developing countries
1
Statement of the situation
ITU-D Study Group 2 will provide developing countries with an understanding of the different
technologies available for broadband access using both wired and wireless technologies for terrestrial and
satellite telecommunications, including International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT). Study Group 2
will continue to cover the technical issues involved in deploying broadband access technologies, including
the integration of such access network solutions in existing and future network infrastructures, provide
guidelines for broadband access development, taking into account the fact that the standardization of
broadband access technologies is a priority in the strategic plan of ITU, and respond to the initiatives of all
developing countries (as proposed by the six WTDC regional preparatory meetings (RPMs).
2
Question for study
Identify the factors influencing the effective deployment of broadband wireline, wireless and satellite
access technologies and their applications, with a focus on technologies and/or standards recognized or
under study by the other two ITU Sectors.
a.
Examine wired and wireless broadband access technologies and their future trends;
b.
Identify methodologies for migration planning and implementation of broadband wired and
wireless technologies, taking into account existing networks, as appropriate;
c.
Consider trends of broadband access technologies; deployments, services offered and regulatory
considerations;
d.
Continue to identify ways and means of implementing IMT, using terrestrial links and satellites;
e.
Identify key elements to be studied in order to facilitate the possible deployment of systems
integrating satellite and the terrestrial component of IMT (see Recommendation 206 (WRC-07);
f.
Provide information on the specific impact of the implementation of broadband wired and wireless
means, including IMT, on underserved populations, including persons with disabilities;
g.
Provide information on IMT-Advanced systems based on the advice of Working Party 5D of ITU-R
Study Group 5.
3
Expected output
a.
Yearly progress report on the above study items including a matrix of different broadband access
technologies, both wired and wireless, terrestrial and satellite, with yearly updates;
b.
Analysis of the factors influencing the effective deployment of broadband access core technologies;
c.
A set of guidelines for broadband access deployment that could be delivered inter alia through
training seminars in accordance with the BDT Programme 4;
d.
.A handbook on IMT deployment in developing countries to replace the Handbook on Deployment
of IMT-2000 systems (2003). This handbook will be the result of study group collaboration between
ITU-R Study Groups 4 and 5, ITU-T Study Group 13 and the Rapporteur's Group dealing with this
Question as part of ITU-D Study Group 2;
e.
Draft Recommendation(s), as appropriate and if justified.
56
!" # $%%& :25/2 ( )* +$, '(
4
Timing
The interim report on this Question is expected by 2012. The final report is expected in 2013 at the end of
the ITU-D study period.
5
Proposers
Arab States, United States.
6
Sources of input
1)
Results of related technical progress in relevant ITU-R and ITU-T Study Groups, in particular
Working Parties 5D (Question 77) and 5A of Study Group 5 and Working Parties 4A, 4B and
4C of Study Group 4, and in ITU-T in particular Study Group 15 (Question 1) and Study
Group 13 (Question 15).
2)
ITU publications on both broadband and IMT.
3)
Relevant reports of national and/or regional organizations in developing and developed
countries.
4)
Contributions on experiences with the implementation of relevant networks in developed
and developing countries.
4bis) Contributions of Sector Members on the development of broadband access technologies for wired,
wireless and satellite.
1)
7
Relevant inputs from service providers and manufacturers.
Target audience
a.
Target audience
Target audience
Developing countries (1)
Developed countries
Telecom policy-makers
Yes
Yes
Telecom regulators
Yes
Yes
Service providers/operators
Yes
Yes
Manufacturers
Yes
Yes
1
[]
b.
This includes least developed countries (LDCs), small island developing states (SIDSs), landlocked developing
countries (LLDCs), and countries with economies in transition.
Proposed methods for implementation of the results
The work of the Rapporteur’s Group will be conducted and publicized through the ITU-D website as well
as through the publication of documents and appropriate liaison statements.
57
!" # $%%& :25/2 ( )* +$, '(
8
Proposed methods for handling the Question
The Question will be handled by a Rapporteur’s Group of ITU-D Study Group 2.
9
Coordination
In order to coordinate effectively and avoid duplication of activities, the study should take into
consideration:
–
outputs from the relevant ITU-T and ITU-R Study Groups;
–
the relevant outputs from ITU-D Questions;
–
inputs from the relevant BDT programme(s);
–
inputs from those involved in the implementation of the study of IMT systems.
10
Relevant programme
Programme 1 will be the relevant programme.
11
Other relevant information
Resolution 43 as revised by WTDC-10 should be taken into consideration.
58
!" # $%%& :25/2 ( )* +$, '(
Annex III: Other ITU Sector Relevant Recommendations and Reports
Wireline Broadband Access Technologies
–
“Access Network Transport Standards Overview”, is produced by ITU-T WP1/15, under Question
1/15, as the Lead Study Group on Access Network Transport (ANT) activities. The Standards
Overview contains ANT scenarios, and Annex 2 of the Overview contains a detailed list of Standards
and Recommendations from ITU and various Standardization Bodies.
–
“Wireline broadband access networks and home networking” is produced by ITU-T SG15. It is an
ITU-T Technical Paper in Series G: Transmission Systems and Media Digital Systems and Networks.
It was published in December 2011.
Wireless Broadband Access Technologies[, including IMT]
–
Recommendation ITU-R M.687, “International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000)”
–
Recommendation ITU-R M.819, “International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) for
developing countries”
–
Recommendation ITU-R M.1036, “Frequency arrangements for implementation of the terrestrial
component of International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) in the bands identified for IMT in
the Radio Regulations (RR)(03/2012)”
–
Recommendation ITU-R M.1224,
Telecommunications (IMT)”
–
Recommendation ITU-R M.1450, “Characteristics of broadband radio local area networks”
–
Recommendation ITU-R M.1457, “Detailed specifications of the terrestrial radio interfaces of
International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000)”
–
Recommendation ITU-R M.1579, “Global circulation of IMT-2000 terrestrial terminals”
–
Recommendation ITU-R M.1580, “Generic unwanted emission characteristics of base stations using
the terrestrial radio interfaces of IMT 2000”
–
Recommendation ITU-R M.1581,”Generic unwanted emission characteristics of mobile stations
using the terrestrial radio interfaces of IMT 2000”
–
Recommendation ITU-R M.1645, “Framework and overall objectives of the future development of
IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000”
–
Recommendation ITU-R M.1768, “Methodology for calculation of spectrum requirements for the
future development of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000”
–
Recommendation ITU-R M.1801, “Radio interface standards for broadband wireless access
systems, including mobile and nomadic applications, in the mobile service operating below 6 GHz”
–
Recommendation ITU-R M.1822, “Framework for services supported by IMT”
–
Recommendation ITU-R M.1850, “Detailed specifications of the radio interfaces for the satellite
component of International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000)”
–
Recommendation ITU-R M.2012, “Detailed specifications of the terrestrial radio interfaces of
International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced (IMT-Advanced)”
–
Report ITU-R M.2038: Technology trends (as they relate to IMT-2000 and systems beyond
IMT-2000)”
–
Report ITU-R M.2039, “Characteristics of terrestrial IMT-2000 systems for frequency
sharing/interference analyses”Report ITU-R M.2072, “World mobile telecommunication market
forecast”
59
“Vocabulary
of
terms
for
International
Mobile
!" # $%%& :25/2 ( )* +$, '(
–
Report ITU-R M.2078, “Estimated spectrum bandwidth requirements for the future development of
IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced”
–
Report ITU-R M.2079, “Technical and operational information for identifying spectrum for the
terrestrial component of future development of IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced”
–
Report ITU-R M.2242, “Cognitive radio systems specific for IMT systems”
–
Report ITU-R M.2243, “Assessment of the global mobile broadband deployments and forecasts for
International Mobile Telecommunications”
Satellite Broadband Access Technologies and Solutions
Tables S.2 and S.3 below list the ITU-R Recommendations and Reports related to broadband satellite
systems and technologies.
Table S.2
List of ITU-R Recommendations and Reports related to satellite broadband systems and technologies
ITU-R No.
Title
Rec. S.1709-1
Technical characteristics of air interfaces for global broadband satellite systems
Rec. S.1782
Possibilities for global broadband Internet access by fixed-satellite service systems
Rec. S.1783
Technical and operational features characterizing high-density applications in the fixedsatellite service
Rec. S.1806
Availability objectives for hypothetical reference digital paths in the fixed-satellite service
operating below 15 GHz
Rec. BO.1724-1
Interactive satellite broadcasting systems (television, sound and data)
Rec. S.1001-2
Use of systems in the fixed-satellite service in the event of natural disasters and similar
emergencies for warning and relief operations.
Rep. S.2151
Use and examples of systems in the fixed-satellite service in the event of natural disasters
and similar emergencies for warning and relief operations
Rec. M.1854-1
Use of mobile-satellite service in disaster response and relief
Rep. M.2149
Use and examples of mobile-satellite service systems for relief operation in the event of
natural disasters and similar emergencies
Rec. SNG.1710
Satellite news gathering carriers universal access procedures
Table S.3
List of ITU-R Recommendations and Reports related to performance enhancement techniques to
provide satellite broadband access services
ITU-R No.
Title
Rec. S.1061-1
Utilization of fade countermeasure strategies and techniques in the fixed-satellite service
Rec. S.1711-1
Performance enhancements of transmission control protocol over satellite networks
Rep. S.2148
Transmission control protocol (TCP) over satellite networks
Rec. S.1878
Multi-carrier based transmission techniques for satellite systems
Rep. S.2173
Multi-carrier based transmission techniques for satellite systems
Rec. S.1897
Cross-layer QoS provisioning in IP-based hybrid satellite-terrestrial networks
Rep. S. 2222
Cross-layer QoS for IP-based hybrid satellite-terrestrial networks
60
!" # $%%& :25/2 ( )* +$, '(
Terrestrial Wireless Backhaul
General technical information:
–
Rec. ITU-R F.1101, Characteristics of digital fixed wireless systems below about 17 GHz
–
Rec. ITU-R F.1102, Characteristics of fixed wireless systems operating in frequency bands above
about 17 GHz
More detailed information relevant to fixed backhaul systems:
–
Rec. ITU-R F.746, Radio-frequency arrangements for fixed service systems
–
Rec. ITU-R F.752, Diversity techniques for point-to-point fixed wireless systems
–
Rec. ITU-R F.755, Point-to-multipoint systems in the fixed service
–
Rec. ITU-R F.1093, Effects of multipath propagation on the design and operation of line-of-sight
digital fixed wireless systems
–
Rec. ITU-R F.1668, Error performance objectives for real digital fixed wireless links used in 27
500 km hypothetical reference paths and connections
–
Rec. ITU-R F.1703, Availability objectives for real digital fixed wireless links used in 27 500 km
hypothetical reference paths and connections.
61
!" # $%%& :25/2 ( )* +$, '(
II
Acronyms/Glossary
ADSL
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
ADSL2
Advanced version of ADSL
ADSL2+
Advanced version of ADSL
ANT
Access Network Transport
ARPU
Average Revenue Per User
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
BWA
Broadband Wireless Access
CAPEX
Capital Expenditure
CATV
Community Antenna Television
CDMA
Code Division Multiple Access
DOCSIS
Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification
DSL
Digital Subscriber Line
DVB
Digital Video Broadcasting
EIRP
Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power
EPON
Ethernet Passive Optical Network
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
FDD
Frequency Division Duplex
FTTC
Fibre to the Curb
FTTB
Fibre to the Building
FTTC
Fibre to the Curb
FTTH
Fibre to the Home
FTTN
Fibre to the Node
FTTx
Fiber to the X, i.e. any of the above
FWA
Fixed Wireless Access
GDP
Gross Domestic Product
GEO
Geostationary Earth Orbit
GPON
Gigabit-capable passive optical networks
GSO
Geostationary Orbit Satellite
HDSL
High-bit Rate Digital Subscriber Line
HDTV
High Definition Television
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
ICT
Information and Communication Technologies
IMT
IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced
IMT-2000
International Mobile Telecommunications (Recommendation ITU-R M.1457)
IMT-Advanced International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced (Recommendation ITU-R M.2012)
62
!" # $%%& :25/2 ( )* +$, '(
ISP
Internet Service Provider
IP
Internet Protocol
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network
iTV
Interactive Television
LAN
Local Area Network
LEO
Low Earth Orbit
LMH-BWA
Land Mobile (including Wireless Access) – Volume 5: Deployment of Broadband Wireless
Access Systems
LTE
Long Term Evolution
MEOs
Medium Earth Orbit Satellites
NGSO
Non-Geostationary Orbit
OFDMA
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access
OMCI
ONU management and control interface specification
ONU
Optical Network Unit
OPEX
Operating Expenditures
PtMP
Point-to-Multipoint
PtP
Point-to-Point
PC
Personal Computer
PDAs
Personal Digital Assistants
PON
Passive Optical Network
PPPs
Public-Private Partnerships
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network
QoS
Quality of Service
RF
Radio Frequency
RLAN
Radio Local Area Network
RT
Remote Terminal
SHDSL
Symmetric High Speed DSL
TDD
Time Division Duplex
TD-SCDMA
Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access
USF
Universal Service Fund
VoIP
Voice-over-Internet Protocol
VDSL
Very High-Speed DSL
VDSL2
Advanced version of VDSL
63
!" # $%%& :25/2 ( )* +$, '(
VSAT
Very Small Aperture Terminal
WAN
Wide Area Network
WCDMA
Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
WCS
Wireless Communication Services
WDM
Wavelength Division Multiplex
WiFi
Wireless Fidelity
WiMAX
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
WMAN
Wireless Metropolitan Access Network
XG-PON
10-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks
64
!" # $%%& :25/2 ( )* +$, '(
III
1.
References
References used in the text of the World Bank publication that is included in Section 1.1 and
excerpted from LMH-BWA (Document 25/2/4)
– Johnson, B., J. M.Manyika, and L. A. Yee. 2005. “The Next Revolution in Interactions.” McKinsey
Quarterly 4: 20–33.
– Momentum Research Group. 2005. “Net Impact Latin America: From Connectivity to
Productivity.” Momentum Research Group, Austin, TX..
– Clarke, George, and Scott Wallsten. 2006. “Has the Internet Increased Trade? Evidence from
Industrial and Developing Countries.” Economic Inquiry 44 (3): 465–84.
– Sprint. 2006. “Sprint Mobile Broadband: Enhancing Productivity in the Insurance Industry and
Beyond.” Sprint.
– Ford, George S., and Thomas M. Koutsky. 2005. “Broadband and Economic Development: A
Municipal Case Study from Florida.” Applied Economic Studies (April): 1–17.
– Kelly, D. J. 2004. “A Study of Economic and Community Benefits of Cedar Falls, Iowa’s Municipal
Telecommunications Network.” Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities, Ankeny, Iowa.
– Strategic Networks Group. 2003. “Economic Impact Study of the South Dundas Township Fiber
Network.” Prepared for the U.K. Department of Trade and Industry, Ontario. .
– Zilber, Julie, David Schneier, and Philip Djwa. 2005. “You Snooze, You Lose: The Economic
Impact of Broadband in the Peace River and South Similkameen Regions.” Prepared for Industry
Canada, Ottawa.
– Qiang, Christine Zhen-Wei. 2009. “Telecommunications and Economic Growth.” Unpublished
paper, World Bank, Washington, DC.
2.
“Broadband: A Platform for Progress”, Full Report. Broadband Commission, 2011
3.
“Broadband: A Platform for Progress”, Summary Broadband Commission, 2011
4.
“A 2010 Leadership Imperative: The Future Built on Broadband”, Broadband Commission, 2010
5.
“National Broadband/ICT Plans: Policy Objectives for Success” – Document 2/24 (Intel Corporation,
United States)
6.
“Affordable Broadband for Everyone” – Document 2/23 (Intel Corporation, United States)
7.
Rev.1 of Supplement 1 to Handbook on Migration to IMT-2000 Systems (Document 25/2/2)
8.
“Land Mobile (including Wireless Access) – Volume 5: Deployment of Broadband Wireless Access
Systems”(LMH-BWA) – Document 25/2/4
9.
Statistics and Strategic Action Plan of Telecommunication/ICT Development in Bangladesh: Rural
and Remote Areas – Document 2/INF/36
10.
Analysis of Factors that Influence both the Demand of Broadband Services and the Deployment of
Broadband Networks – Document 2/INF/44 (Egypt)
11.
“Ten Facts About Mobile Broadband” by Darrell West, Center for Technology Innovation at
Brookings, 8 December 2011
12.
“Mobile Backhaul – The Wireless Solution”, a White Paper by Transfinite Systems Ltd.
65
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‫‪01/2014‬‬
‫ ‪20 10 -2 0 14‬‬
‫طبع يف سويسرا‬
‫جنيف‪2014 ،‬‬
‫الـتـق ـريــر الـنـهــائــي‬
‫قطاع تنمية االتصاالت لجنة الدراسات ‪2‬‬
‫ا لـم ـس ــأ ل ـ ــة‬
‫‪25/2‬‬
‫تكنولوجيا النفاذ الخاصة باالتصاالت‬
‫عريضة النطاق بما في ذلك االتصاالت‬
‫المتنقلة الدولية‪ ،‬من أجل البلدان النامية‬
‫فرتة الدراسة اخلامسة‬
‫قطـ ــاع تنمي ـ ــة االتصـ ـ ـ ـ ــاالت‬
‫‪2014-2010‬‬