ةـــــلأـــســمــلا 24 /1 تاـــفـلـخـم داوـــم نـم مـيـلـسـلا

advertisement
‫‪1‬‬
‫المسألــة ‪ :24/1‬استراتيجيات وسياسات للتخلص السليم من مواد مخلفات االتصاالت‪/‬تكنولوجيا المعلومات واالتصاالت أو إعادة استخدامها‬
‫االحتـ ــاد الـ ــدويل لالتصـ ــاالت‬
‫مكـتب تنمي ـ ــة االتص ـ ــاالت‬
‫‪Place des Nations‬‬
‫‪CH-1211 Geneva 20‬‬
‫‪Switzerland‬‬
‫‪www.itu.int‬‬
‫‪01/2014‬‬
‫ ‪20 10 -2 0 14‬‬
‫طبع يف سويسرا‬
‫جنيف‪2014 ،‬‬
‫الـتـق ـريــر الـنـهــائــي‬
‫قطاع تنمية االتصاالت لجنة الدراسات ‪1‬‬
‫ال ـم ـس ــأل ـ ــة‬
‫‪24 /1‬‬
‫اسـتراتـيجـيــات وسيـاســات للـتـخـلـص‬
‫الـسـلـيـم مـن م ــواد مـخـلـف ــات‬
‫االتـصــاالت‪/‬تـكـنــولــوجـيــا الـمـعـلــومــات‬
‫واالتـصــاالت أو إعــادة اسـتـخـدامـه ــا‬
‫فرتة الدراسة اخلامسة‬
‫قطـ ــاع تنمي ـ ــة االتصـ ـ ـ ـ ــاالت‬
‫‪2014-2010‬‬
(ITU) ������� �����
(BDT) ������� �����
�����
����
����� ����
Place des Nations
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Email: mailto:bdtdirector@itu.int
Tel.: +41 22 730 5035/5435
Fax: +41 22 730 5484
������ ������ ������� ��� �����
(IP)
��������� ��������� �����
(PKM)
Email: bdtpkm@itu.int
Tel.: +41 22 730 5447
Fax: +41 22 730 5484
Email: bdtip@itu.int
Tel.: +41 22 730 5900
Fax: +41 22 730 5484
��������� ������� ������� ������ �����
(IEE) ���������� ����������
Email: bdtiee@itu.int
Tel.: +41 22 730 5421
Fax: +41 22 730 5484
������ ����� ����� ����� ����
(DDR) �������� ������
Email: bdtdeputydir@itu.int
Tel.: +41 22 730 5784
Fax: +41 22 730 5484
�������
����� ������ ����
����� ������ ����
����� ������ ����
����� ������� TelOne Centre for Learning
Corner Samora Machel and
Hampton Road
P.O. Box BE 792 Belvedere
Harare – Zimbabwe
19, Rue Parchappe x Amadou
Assane Ndoye
Immeuble Fayçal, 4e étage
B.P. 50202 Dakar RP
Dakar – Sénégal
Immeuble CAMPOST, 3e étage
Boulevard du 20 mai
Boîte postale 11017
Yaoundé – Cameroun
P.O. Box 60 005
Gambia Rd., Leghar ETC Building
3rd floor
Addis Ababa – Ethiopia a
E-mail: itu-harare@itu.int
Tel.: +263 4 77 59 41
Tel.: +263 4 77 59 39
Fax: +263 4 77 12 57
E-mail: itu-dakar@itu.int
Tel.: +221 33 849 77 20
Fax: +221 33 822 80 13
E-mail:
Tel.:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
Tel.:
Tel.:
Tel.:
Fax:
itu-yaounde@itu.int
+ 237 22 22 92 92
+ 237 22 22 92 91
+ 237 22 22 92 97
itu-addis@itu.int
+251 11 551 49 77
+251 11 551 48 55
+251 11 551 83 28
+251 11 551 72 99
���������
�������
����
����� ������ ����
�������
����� ������ ����
�������
����� ������� ����� ������ ����
Colonia Palmira, Avenida Brasil
Ed. COMTELCA/UIT 4 Piso
P.O. Box 976
Tegucigalpa – Honduras
Merced 753, Piso 4
Casilla 50484, Plaza de Armas
Santiago de Chile – Chile
United Nations House
Marine Gardens
Hastings – Christ Church
P.O. Box 1047
Bridgetown – Barbados
SAUS Quadra 06 Bloco “E”
11 andar – Ala Sul
Ed. Luis Eduardo Magalhães (AnaTel)
70070-940 – Brasilia, DF – Brasil
E-mail: itutegucigalpa@itu.int
Tel.: +504 2 2 201 074
Fax: +504 2 2 201 075
E-mail: itusantiago@itu.int
Tel.: +56 2 632 6134/6147
Fax: +56 2 632 6154
E-mail: itubridgetown@itu.int
Tel.: +1 246 431 0343/4
Fax: +1 246 437 7403
E-mail: itubrasilia@itu.int
Tel.: +55 61 2312 2730-1
Tel.: +55 61 2312 2733-5
Fax: +55 61 2312 2738
������� ����� �������
����� ����� � ����
������ �����
������
����� ������� ����� ������� ���������
����� ������ ����
����� ������ ����
4, Building 1
Sergiy Radonezhsky Str.
Moscow 105120
Russian Federation
Sapta Pesona Building, 13th floor
JI. Merdan Merdeka Barat No. 17
Jakarta 10001 – Indonesia
Thailand Post Training Center, 5th floor,
111 Chaengwattana Road, Laksi
Bangkok 10210 – Thailand
Mailing address:
P.O. Box 25 – Moscow 105120
Russian Federation
Mailing address:
c/o UNDP – P.O. Box 2338
Jakarta 10001 – Indonesia
Mailing address
P.O. Box 178, Laksi Post Office
Laksi, Bangkok 10210 – Thailand
E-mail: itumoskow@itu.int
Tel.: +7 495 926 60 70
Fax: +7 495 926 60 73
E-mail:
Tel.:
Tel.:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
Tel.:
Tel.:
Fax:
itujakarta@itu.int
+62 21 381 35 72
+62 21 380 23 22
+62 21 380 23 24
+62 21 389 05 521
������� �����
itubangkok@itu.int
+66 2 574 8565/9
+66 2 574 9326/7
+66 2 574 9328
Smart Village, Building B 147, 3rd floor
Km 28 Cairo – Alexandria Desert Road
Giza Governorate
Cairo – Egypt
E-mail: itucairo@itu.int
Tel.: +20 2 35 37 17 77
Fax: +20 2 35 37 18 88
������
(BDT)
������� ����� ����
����� �����
(EUR) ������ ����
(ITU) �������
Place des Nations
CH-1211 Geneva 20 – Switzerland
E-mail: eurregion@itu.int
Tel.: +41 22 730 5111
‫لالتصال بنا‬
:‫املوقع اإللكرتوين‬
www.itu.int/pub/D-STG/ :‫املكتبة اإللكرتونية لالحتاد‬
devsg@itu.int :‫الربيد اإللكرتوين‬
+41 22 730 5999 :‫الـهـاتــف‬
www.itu.int/ITU-D/study_groups
:24/1 / ! "#$ % ! "# $% &' &# (
)*% +!
$%) ,-
# # ./ &01 2) 345 6)%7 6%! ,89: 2# .<=> ?@A' ,B C *-!
$#9D! EF C ?G
+# 8 ! ,B# 94! 2) /*! #
.6I@' 6H <=> ?@A' ,/! $% "IJ &#! KG
L! M
G! P4! 017 *! Q %+9 # C ?* ,48 N! O
! KG
383%
W* (I8' HXJ YPA 6%
# .!# 193 R!-! B C "IJ &#! C ST -# U8H# V
9#
."IZ! 79H $% [
2 7H# X#9!> 8# ^+! (?+# + &01 2) _9H A Q U` aH )*% \9]
.)*% &-
# b4 c UVH8 + C %d
!"
Uh# .?`9% V*! "I' 2) ) 01 ef ( S!# 6I@'# ?+! g-# 98! %
[f #' K !?G ?* "IJ 0:> b
# !5 # iG)# < ,89: 2 )*%
.8! W* 9H!# jk
1
#$ -
# lmG! 2)J# ! E-! n C 6<G) UG
2014-2010 [94! C 1 ! ef '
N! 0! :! V
9# G! W* 6%! 37# .oX9X> * 8I!# # )*% +!
*! (79r ?4S # )*% +!
/
0! %@! [! 2) 5 W' ef [4 2) *-! 2pq
6%! 6t# .)! *-*! 8!#J Q 6<G [9) U) @u!# +# 8 !# 6%! v9@ ,*1# G
ST +5 \#Q# > \#Q vKwJ Q4X # )*% +!
/
ef Q4! -H! 489%! xQ=# W* (I8' 37 7 .
# )*% +!
/
-w 2)' ef @`f
-k# 4*! g-) ,-
# 9yJ 6*B# *# u! z89%! {! )1 ef 6)H! Q4!# |! 6<G)# }! 6
.)! *-! 8!#'# 889! # ~
?89] N! ! O<X [9) U)
#' 8a
\' W* %) V) #' 79w 97Q \8 # .4* 79w# f 2) "m1 [ 989! PA f C _w
.
}#! B X+ 2) S
© ITU 2014
2) L1 Q€ f *# \a # 7 6w \a [H YPA 2) "3+ \' G 2‚ .ƒ4r 9H! {5 U„
.(ITU) 0! }#! B
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
(
1
..................................................................................................... 1
............................................................................................... 0
2
.. &'& $ #$$% (WEEE) !" ....................................... 1.1
"&%' "#$% ! * (&) (EEE) "&%' "#$% ! 2.1
..................................................... (34
5 %12 +) 0 ./ ,- + (WEEE)
* 9>7$ "=% < ;) ":5 9!4 8 367 3.1
.......................................................................................... ......... D5 C * ! AB:) + ?@ 4.1
...................................................................." F% A?E 1.4.1
........................................................................... F%H) "$%G 2.4.1
............................................................... LBM JK I "$%G 3.4.1
........................................................................... $ "$%G 4.4.1
....................................................................... "! NO 5.4.1
1
.. &'& $ #$$% !" " #$! ()
................................................................................ " 4: 1.2
............................................................................ P# 5 2.2
.................................. R* "&%' "#$% ! %F! BQ 1.2.2
...................................................................... "T STU 2.2.2
......................... "&%' AB) O& (EPR) " W= "V5 3.2.2
......................................................................... O& 4.2.2
.................................................. (XF! "N) ":N X&Y 5.2.2
......................................................................... "
X&Y 6.2.2
......................... ! Z5 ": :) 7.2.2
..................................................................... "FB X&Y 8.2.2
............................................................ O ]: "$% [%\' 9.2.2
.............................................................................. $
10.2.2
2
2
3
4
6
6
9
10
12
15
17
17
18
18
19
20
21
22
22
24
25
27
27
iii
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
(
27
............................................................................. 1 30
.......................................................................................... 23 32
.......................................................................................... *
6 4+
5
34
................................................................................................. 780,
3
9
:;
24
! '! C, B & #
7. ! &A @-
9
4!? >* :1 < =
.................................................... )
$ H" G$ F8 E 1
D iv
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
! "#"
$ %&/"#"
' ()* +
24/1
"_4 "` a "N5 ABb " LB4 c%: + d" 9!4 A!#H de "
f g<h ]E
i j< 3N ;) eB (ICT) a: "- (WEEE) "&%' "#$% !
]: N no jp daFq + "
f g<h ,
.24/1 ">5 a: "V5 "N lm
! "Y k$
E! " Zt " LB4 a eB!: uv .qY c%F N$ d9!4 * ! 8 s5 B!p %F%
." 9!4 + (WEEE) "&%' "#$% ! * .w) " ,1 9>7$
"#$% ! x :" ,1 n Zh
x(34
5 %12 +) 0 ./ ,- + (WEEE) "&%' "#$% ! * (&) (EEE) "&%'
x"&%' "#$% ! "N5 ABb "=% < ;) ]5 8 9!4 8 367
I F%H) " F% a "F%m
?@ x a l <h a D5 C ! AB:) + ?@
.|%E W$ a d"! NO a s5 a: e}H d$ dLBM JK
"&%' "#$% ! %F! BQ xP# 5 :3v X&~ " LB4 3
O& x"&%' AB) O& (EPR) W=N " "V5 !4 x9>7 <h + "T STU xR*
d"
" " LB4 "T "4) "
X&Y d(XF! "N) ":N X&Y d
X&Y d ! Z5 ": :) x(O&o (&' "_4 Z:% DN
O "4% x("&%' "#$% ! * AB) O& 3FN "FB (N "F= €%) "FB
.$
xkH DT
(EEE)
h!N 9 3>$ U a "5 X& ;) dq= 3N a: "G a eB!: "
f g<h !
deQE
"#$% ! * .w) " < "U "T + X Zh dH%O / " 9!4
X45$ e` 9!4 g<h 8 "7 J41 ƒ „` a "$…) †#$ 9' ]: AB (WEEE) "&%'
. * AB) "F6 !:
0
8 &4 _4 N6 dD‡ Z:N jB !
+ D5 9 &' 34 ˆ + is d1998-1990 5 9$) :nv 34 ]H . ! * =

Ž d ;) "H1'$ .9$ H ‰ d"!
9!4 a ":NŠ ‹ ,N 8 Œ-' ZK † + "# + 57 "45$
a % ,4 ]: "&) |5‰ ! a ": F5‰ qN 8 B
! ABFw , "&' Œ-' ZK † ˆ l5F .3o ! F5  9!4 + "&' J l ;) B n  + "# + 10 "45$ ABFw 3H . "45$ d 3
! B + Œ-' ZK † + "# + 1,6 "45$
1
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
Zh . v ! B + "# + 3,6
jB 9! + "N 9 "NO e
H d|%Eo : + "&' a "# + 50 a %v6 a: "V5
.(2009 dVega, J.)
a l& €%H 9N1 ;) [!R Q$! ƒ ;) 2 kw%H j< !
,HB !
,NŠ + ,NY "67 qFq nE a Z:N .' "N% A= C
34 + ! g<h
+ ,F%5  a Wt ! A.6 a‘ dZ:N n’ + ."H% !2 , d|%E W$ a dao/"5 "T D ]: “…) Qf> < .3}H %v6 ;) X i
."t%
”B %v6 e!: %v6 ,NŠ ,=7 %
a k5& i +
h%v6 •!` ]: nT %N5 Xm X& ;) d + ,F%5 N
9!4 "4  ;) [} ) .]} i j a % (EEE) "&%' "#$% ! A` AB 3 de$
;) "B
"&%' "#$% ! a AQ46 N6 nEB–$ —N5 F%t a: "N% A= C
+ "
P4 ": !‰ ! (WEEE) "&%' "#$% ! * U d"w J$} " ˜ 9B 1
95&' "TU "_4 ]: "4 fI a k45 ƒ "4% "™$ "F j 9>76 3 Nh Xm "7
. + "5 46% a B!: B e%O& " C#E ]: jm 8 g<h , 3 "F6 !: .%
8 "
" LB4 a "5 i=& d"}
g<h ]: "! NO a !F! iN: d,1 <M "$= , D5 3 9–H dk5& i + . e_$ "N5 AB' 9N1 ;) [!R
%o F NH "UE d"FG "U%6 d. !` ]: "!
" Do + 3mF "&%' "#$% ! *
e%
H %v6o :m
3N: €%$ %74F 6 d a l <h + : v a” 8 AB "Nv 9B$
.,N’ + "\7h %v6o
9!4 + N d"&%' "#$% ! "N5 AB' ;) jBV ,1 9 d9) dP1 a
SB d"F™ g<M e
Ž ."w "T "4 .7&) aN} 9 !$ n` a: „T4 + " ; AmE h d"
d "N lm
1 ! "Y nE a d(24/1 ">5) "}
g<h " B ]: Œ! BŽ
B!: ,1$ d(WEEE) "&%' "#$% ! ‰ W |! AB5 ! "45 ?@ 3T$
e_$ "N5 AB' 
T ]5 ) " 9!4 "NK A!#  " LB4 a
."FB ":N "_4 Z` a 1 +  ]: "4% "$…' fš "#
#$ (WEEE)
1
!
%&% #
1.1
C B!2 ?: A%m@ 3
& + DT 9>7$ nw$ " +
dA1180 B
aN1 av T + "&%' d(http://www.basel.int/text/documents.html)
.B1110 !
aN1 , T + dA2010 A1150 dA1190
Z#f B €U% 4#q$ • !: A%mE * ›>$ "&%' U d" X‰
":4m ! v d|%Eo Fm4 %œE! 3v & ]: jŽ !: dA B! 3
a g<h kF!4 !
$ dJ7 (q a  Q "FBf "\o X$& a (q "
4#q P
"f " $ B‰ "™ "&! 46 nq: B ]: jŽ 8 .„v T + A6< C#@
2
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
]: hQ "h& 46% A B! 3 Z#f B DT 9%m €U% ]: "Fž
.A%mE * e}F ?Ÿ d„v T + A6< C#@ a kF!4 !
$ dno T + "! &
"\o X$& a "q ":4m ! ` %` a: ¡\ d"Nv 9B B F d3v$
.A%mE N6 dJ7 (q a  Q 3#5 n5F% \\ "FBf
CF d367 a ": ":NŠ ]: jm (WEEE) "&%' "#$% ! * "Y 9 ;) %O$
"#$% ! 36 w%H ]: d2018 ¢m5 15 + < q` 3E!F 9 %
dPE-CONS 2/12 “o k
.(2018 ¢m5 £` 2012 ¢m5 a A% + "F 3O 8) "2 %7 a e!$ _H i aN1 "&%'
"_ + (cm 50 a: H ZE !$ j !FqF 8 j) ! a AQ4 B4 (!Ÿ
\7 ¤> x6 "_ + (cm 50 a: H ZE !$ j !FqF 8 j) ! g<h a AQ™ B4 (!Ÿ NH x4
.2 "_ t) + d2cm 100 a: Tm !FqF \\ ]: "FK ! X%
! ) *+
! "#$ %&'(
2.1
(-./ 01 2) 4 56( 78 2 (WEEE) (EEE)
.%\ ;) W5 %N5 Z a5T ,H!F .e` e:5 eˆ ":U !7
wq: ! ."™7 R` AB a e
4 e!F! e! "h% "&%' "#$% DR! ‘ !: £` A!F! !
, Œ$ d!@ ]: Xm d!@ Z!
" Y h%H 8 " ¥%7 X& ;) d,1 <h
.! a l <h
A` AB  ! , ]: !NF jB (ˆ a ,$ %4 B
$ (&' F5 ABFw <6 l5
"#h N6 ! ;) |B ˜ d"N " + Z% ! .%7" "6 "H
f Z: (&) AQ
.(WEEE) "&%' "#$% ! * a
Œ! BŽ + "N lm =F 8 (IDS) .`) &$
d" 9!4 + i&%&' Z!5 B!: + 3#M N ]: !h\ !
(http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/statistics)
;)  "!5 ! D=` 9 F <h .2011 : "F› + 1,3 a %v6 ;) 2006 : + 9 501 a
a "# + 44 96 W` + .e#h eˆ NF —%$ d"6< M "` "NK S 2 Aq 3v di&%&'
.( a %v6>$) "# + 62 ;) 2011 : n§ "45  iˆ d2006 : + " 9!4 a i&%&' Z!5
n§ e4F%
6 "
"F@ "!@ + 6%\ lNŠ ¨$" d2012 &F + A7 BŽ .`' e
H
a %80 a %v6>$ %f> ) N A%t " 9!4 i&6 .%86 h! ": 7& "45& 3$
F ‰ d2011 : "F›
."2011 : + i1 8 "F@ "
"!@ + A!F!Y 6%\ a 9 660
a %F! AB:)" 9 %F%
9–H d0 ./ ,- + * %F!
$ F NH
" " m5 a hQ nw$ "$ " = lN a: !U j< d"B ;) "&%' 9 ,F d(5&!&)) Œ$ + (UNEP) "_4 A!T Do †&%$ AB) ¢Š lN 34 "#N B$
+ 400-200 "45$ 2020 : n§ q ! 9 F%H S W + "”!
S 2 Aq a "&%'
"
M a "&%' 9 e}F %F%
,F .!M + "# + 500 "45$ d2007 : F5 a "#
e
H .W + % ,4 ]: d2007 : + A% 18 ]: d2020 : n§ d9 !M + NN6 "%
3
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
d: 36 0 ./ ,- + "&%' a eF% et 9 50 ;) 20 / !F d1"_4 A!T Do †&?
."4 "F%}2 lNŠ a "# + 5 a %v6 37 Zh
i 34 d|%Eo B a 6\ "` "NK "4 S 2 Aq a A!Fq B!: ]% d" 36
& Z™4F d , .3}H •!` q  ! . ‹TU %
F !: dR` AB nN6) a 3Ft
! , + !5Ÿ B € d! AB:) WN "B
! D% —U) "U%H
.A!F! (&) B + A!F!
) 9:; <$ = >+ ?/ 9!. @ -A;
3.1
a A! "N} N .% .5 ]: " "!
9!4 + e: e!$ "&%' "} <
d":} [1>$ g<h Z / gG j%… ) .: 36 (WEEE) "&%' "#$% ! *
"_4 fš a 3 a a” l% >$ 3` ;) (Ž 8 367 a ": ":NŠ e` " 9!4 k
. g<M "4 Q AB' a: "G "T 367 , AQm@
†&%$ Œ! BŽ a (2012 3F%$ 12) RGQ24/2/16 RGQ24/1/17 W
f Zt "h "s5 i!©
"7 3` AB4 , 9$ d(UNU) A!T Do " nw$ " "&/(UNEP) "_4 A!T Do
t) + e Y g<h iN ! .(CEDARE) $ "$% "
mN "N "_4 q6% (StEP) "&%'
<h + Œ2 ,1 ]: "\ A%O& A$ &4 ,NY "&%' "#$% ! * a: "6%7 " B
."4
5 F!T !F!Ž a: e}H dB!
lm
a « d(%42,8) "2 NO a NO + lm ]: BB% . :" ! g<h †#& w%$ ª$ ZF NH
" ! d" ! ¬ 8 9!4 a "# + 66 + x(%14,5) !N " 6%7 (%15,1) ZvT4/Z”B6o
"`& a .("&%' "#$% ) R` AB "F› + ! ZNO t) /
!) ! DO P# / 9!4  a "# + 60 + ! d|%E
]:>$ "&%' ! .( ;) dFw AB:) ‹ l? $ AB:' "#$% ! * B a |5 ]: |%ŸF x(%30) "Tm5 \7 "FBf "\o X$& a RF5
"!
+ "FBf "\o X$& ¤> NH d(%27) ($ i& d$ &) "NK S 2 Aq + (WEEE) "&%'
!‰ F NH ‹ qŸF " LB4 QF ! d" ! ¬ 8 9!4 a "# + 66 + .(%22) B
."&%' "N5 <h + ."&%' "#$% ! * AB–$ F NH " 9!4 8 S a B!: g&B B%F
1/99 (2012 d"_4 A!T Do †&%$ |! nw$ " "&) RGQ24/1/12 9
f 4: + <E© dB!
.(2011 d&­)
,- 4: + <E> (WEEE) "&%' "#$% ! * AB) 9>7$ "! " B !:
•
3# AB' O& + W67 ,- ;) V5 B )  + ‰ d" 5 g<h < —= "w X&Y
.O <h 3F‘
.UNEP 2006 27 " " 1
4
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
a "&%' "#$% ! * AB) DO AB!ž P# Z#qY Z S™
"
  + ‰ d"_4 "F® ;) [!R 8 QF a Q46 B!: 9!4 a !F! |! „` d
k ]: "&%' "#$% ! * Zm™ dA%m@ "4 "­ $
+ <E> ›o "H6 i5 ZH d" 9!4 * + AB P# i&6 9) dk5& i + .!F!T
.Z¯% Q lm
3v " %7Ÿ d"5#% 3 ª$ d, c ]: Z ,1 4:
. a l <h AB' O& < + i$f Z
` !

Ž <F d[%O g<h 3v +
"N5 ! BQ ]: "$% X™ d"N% A= C
+ "s5N6
+ d"N5 ! 9o "F%1 J$} g<h 9 !$ ."&f A` AB #m:' " 9!4 ;) & j%… 8
9–H d ]: A: ."&%) N6 [m ‹ ZF h!F!G `U) a” d2 a Qv6
X& ;) d"N% A= C
"™$ "&%' "#$% ! B ]: "1% % ªE %
]: < (WEEE) "&%' "#$% ! * AB' "NO& S \ ZN% n
&
.F !$ eF " 9!4 + "&%' "7 D ;) jBVF dPT k
o : nv .h!F 8 AB) "&%' "#$% ! 5 Z
2 ,1 [%ŸF x lm
"FN x"N5 A!F!Y ! ,Fw BQ $ "
x= W:w d,N= 6%\ aFB5 " 6%7 X& a 5 + "67
AB:' " ! D=` x"4v A!:
x! A` AB %F!
x 4 hG
"F= nN:o €%H x AB' H% B xRB) j%G 8 A! N6 x! AB' O& %Fm .4 e e
m g<h 3v 37 .|%E "- a d a ">
. *
"&%' "#$% ! * 9>7$ "N#
"! W&
nv !: 35F d9!4 ª$ "` +
. g<M B!2 ?: "&&
Q "6%2 dhBN: !: (nw$ ")
C Y h%F! AB:)) "&%' "Y + "!5 ;) H np
+ d"! QFN e
H d"š N l4 a ež "N
& BB% 9B " 9!4 + (e#›
. * a " l& + AB A%m@ B , 3
"Y a " 3`% , XF! "
"H% a qF ;) A%
"¯% Q %F! AB:) 3
."_4 ]: e4 %fVF "TU \) ;) jBVF (BB% %F! AB:)  ,NY) "&%' %F! AB:–$ WN#
€\‡ "FB 3#!4 S X& ;) d" "T [%° 3N [%° "fv
—U' nN: ± "™7 % ‡ <6 dZ¯% Q lm
+ "&%' "#$% ! *
.AQ™
, ]\NF ‰ (WEEE) "&%' "#$% ! * AB' "T "4 A.6 !: A!& S
.eB ‹ [% "_4 N 3}H !$ 36 + "` ]} N
"#$% !N nV5 :3v 4:$ F NH "T STU ,N’ |! Z_4 Z: C
&
d! AB:) "s d"_4 Z:% DN QF‰ eU "q " ! .%\ "s x"&%'
WN 3N5Ÿ ! 0 8 ! " "6%7 l% %F! AB:)
.e_$ "N5 RB)
.! 9N1 3 a "&%' AB) O& 3FN "T1 " LB4 5 S
5
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
STU ª$ "67 "FB!ž X& ;) d"}
g<‹ " "2 Y W$ 9 3U "U S
e_$ "N5 ABb "
[!ho [%:o ,1 "N: + "T
."
m !$ 36 +
B/ C ) %!$ DE?+ 2 FG
•
4.1
* ! ! ªƒ) "_4 !# a ?6 !
$ B (EEE) "&%' "#$% ! ! AB:) 9)
A= C
]: !:5F ˜) ":N !# ( /"&%' "#$% !
CF 8 !N "! %v6o † Zh ! AB:) .%F! AB:–$ e (" 9!4 + "N%
9!$ , dB!Y W!5 ]: A!#$ ! g<h B <4H .R` AB "F› ;) 3 9 34 9!5
."` 36 X5` de
45 D% `U)
A!F!Y @ B (% X= ›o d"m A.6 N dB A. Q46 qFq ! AB:) +
"4 S 2 Aq 3v ! —U) !F!G k: jmF j< 3N .A!F! ! , "w "m
¡F d,N’ + e&%` %v6o P#%7 Z:N (!& k$ž ]: A: d"
M "NK S 2 Aq
. $ "  + W W W
[ qFq ABFq
d,N’ a " :m + S 2 Aq ]: Xm a n: |5 e` !F d" 9!4 a Qv6 +
:m W$ a d"H
v q6% " 4 Œ J Z#!$ D 5 V dnv 34 ]: X45$ d2 ª$ + dA!F!Y ! l .% "H% ,NŠ ;)  H F d|%E
d": aFqƒ "Y !
eN: "w ! (Ž .) nU <F 8 "# t 8 367
.i&%&' ;)  "4 4m no + !5Ÿ ›o
1.4.1
9!4 a !F! i d" F% + (WEEE) "&%' "#$% ! * AB) + A?@$ F NH
 d"2 Q NO u! ,N’ Z”B6o lm
€@ lm
6 d:m
* W$ 6%\
B!:) : + ‰ d"
m + "&%' "#$% ! e_$ "N AB) 
T "% n2 "Y [!‹
AB) 9>7$ "_4 F%7 5 BN: "U d"&%' AB) "` C7 "
!
. ,- ® ": ® "&%' "#$% !
"&%' "#$% ! * AB–$ ²F c2 " F%o ZN' 3K
;) .!h [!‹ M "F:! 5$ "m7&o g<h a ª$ a}` (http://www.residuoselectronicos.net/)
g<h AB' "
m 3EB "7 X 2 a: "G "&%' "#$% ! * D6% , n`
d"&%' "#$% ! * AB' " LB4 RELAC 3ž %7& d2011  + .e#› C
3T ,%N6 " LB4  ! .€@ W:m
3N7 "N) A%F!5 A!# lN †#& ;) eB ."&%' "#$% ! e_$ "N5 AB' 9N1 ;) "% "N' "t 5 < %Fm
" + (COP 10) [%to %‘V %\ lN "4` j%5F5 ² ²&Y •!2 nE i1%Ÿ: !
.2011 %$6 + dnw$
(RELAC)
! * AB) a: ! D
+ (EMPA) B "F%5F5 "FBŽ ? is !
46 Q$ 3Fw? Z\ 3v 9!$ + j%5F5 "&%' †&%$ nE a "&%' "#$%
"" F% + "&%' "#$% ! * %F! AB:)" l%7 †&? <h a: v4& .$ B!F%
d"5 "5 !@ ]: jm 8 "K "FB "m7&o %Fm Q$ 46 + !
.$ wqF j<
6
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
"#$% ! * l% %F! AB:) qFq dA!F!Y "N5 ! + "! A= W5Ž "4%
AB5 ! d"U@ ;)  nE a "H% AB) + l%7 D5F dn ¢& ]: ."&%'
"#$% ! "!5 AB'$ F NH ZN' D ?@ nB4 qFq |%Eo ,F7 a
."&%'
R)' #
$% &4 <4!J '! K L M
N #>&" O' #
$% P 2
- ,Q
1.1.4.1
D "$% Aw Aw k>7& Z:N †&%$ h (CPE) D S 2 Aq
"N% = C
nE a (`o "&5 :m
"N €%H B…) h k [!M .2000 : 46 +
†ŸŸ nE a (J Z#!$ Z o) ! + D ":& W5Ž + A!:5 d"N' ":N
AB5 ! a " 12 B ! .ƒ ! ;)  + "=% "
f + "$%= g<M —%\ B%F ."_$ ":N "N !#H %HF j< "!5 " AB' (ˆ !t ;)
.2011 d46 1/RGQ24/1/008
" 5 V B%Ho ‹ l? 8 3N5Ÿ ! 0 8 S 2 Aq †&? A!# D% q6% ]
CTH "N Aqo g<h ,}ƒ « .|%E W$ a d"! _M NO "U@ 6%7
AB:' "
"NY "` a n` a5` ]: ›6 9N} d ;) dŠ%$ „F!Ž O —U)
.†&? N7F 8 "N 5 V 3EB ! 9N} "# "TT "& "!E (CPE) D S 2 Aq †&%$ !
F d! ! AB:) A%H nE
;) & ! ,N~ †&? F d ,$ !$ j d"&v A2 AB "F› ;) 3 ` d« djB 3™7
A!#q "&%' %U e}F D% q6% a ]
F j< d(CENARE) "&%' %F! AB:' t q6%
.D% "4 Q
"F!F!2 9B ª$ AB O m w%H 3N7F / ]: de:U eF!F AB ! ³
de
` Z: ! : Bq + AB5 %U g<h l4 .[7 (q  4 <6 "F!F!2 Q
aF! "2 3
d"m ! + A. ;) jBV e_$ "N "
F%m$ B g<h AB nN6 aN}ŸF Œ$
W$ a djŽ 8 %U ? .9$% f4& a !2 „` a e$…) Qf> ;) « a dA!F!Y B (% T ]: Y Z_$ PF%$ ABq "E ;) ‹ !F deA%mE AB "
v 9B ]: d|%E A% Q nN 3N €%H %H dh Z:N %f M Z:  "=% 9 %6<$ %F!Y a .X .46 + 95 a "\7h P#%7 %v6o
"$ "N "_$ "=% + †&? ¥%F dN% "&%' AB) =% ;) "H1'$
; 8 X T Z:  a "& "&%' "#$% & AB a > " "}
]: [% a Sm a‘ 8 $% B :NŠ ?* e
` ‹ >7Ÿ d"&%' ª# h!:
;) [!R SG ]: ZN XF! nE a " o DhN D‹ 35 d a "* X&
.. !` ]: "U@ DhH Z
m Q %Fm nE a " 367 3` Sm D
?N "5#% & !` ! 8 d(EDERA) "‘o %Fm "mž "N $ a $% ?* 9
m$ ;) "m4 g<h + AK "&%' #% a %90 k45& BF .(" ´B) $ Pm "m$ aN}
# ! AB:) a a” ˜ d ;) do ` DT "4 —m5 #° A! |%E
?* 3N .A!F!Y "&%' & , q i&6 8 "m + AQ46 H 
Ž ;) jBVF "%
"46% (EM2) 2 "FY BUo "mž (EM1) 1 "FY BUo "mž !F!T k ]: Zh dAq " , EDERA
!5Ÿ 6 d" B ":NŠ Z#$%6 S$ 3 "5$ $ (Fotomovil) "#} "m$ 3N "ˆ
7
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
N7F 8 "N 5 V ;) $% ?* !
. " o %U D EDERA ?* , 9%$
! "6 9>7$ , c ]: j$% k e}F (CPE) D S 2 Aq †&%$ !
F d†&?
.? g<h
S 2 Aq a 278 292 (CPE) D S 2 Aq †&%$ ]
d2012 ?N5FB 31 ;) 2000 : a A% +
: ;) 2005 : a .D% "4 ‹ l? ! a "# + 70 / 9 F <h d 181 152 D ‹ l?
A% + .S 2 Aq a 115 659 nBF j d"&%' a et 2 371 e:U †&? H d2012
9B  4 o T) "O B a et 1 765 k:NŠ (%Ÿ d2012 : ;) 2007 : a
$% ?* a 600 k:NŠ !Ÿ\ d2012 : ;) 2008 : a .( Q d|
A% "F!F!2
."$ B :NŠ i EDERA ?* D} d"_4
"<1 @T" U=
2.1.4.1
Wf 3 !` S ` w j d2012 : + 3Fw? + S ` w 9 100 ! ;) %F!
Q7
9 70 ]: $% "H1) 4‰ Œ2 B! :} h Po F5 9–H 2014 : n§ x95 a
.S ` w
|% 2003 : + (2013 "FBŽ 3Fw? "F- RGQ24/1/20 "
f) 3U X ` l%7‰ Q !$
[!M .AB' "&q Jm Aw + 5 A%#B 5 t) + 2005 : < k™7
a "N% A= AB4 g<h |! .B4 ./ ,- + —U) q6% D} S 2 D% "t "4\ %7& h
F%t a: k5& i + "&%' Qf> a !2 , dS47 XF! X 2 ! AB:) ,=7 nE
.S 2 Aq A` AB "t)
Œ$ ."N% A= ]: X™ ;) "FBŽ "2 H ]5 8 345 !` 3U l%7 ! D5 3v”
q6% .7&) D:! XF! "F%74 B ! ZN% 3U + Nv + ž !` 3vNF
8 #° AB! ": `5 Zh q6% .3™7 ! 7 000 a %v6 9š 3Fw? ‘ 8 d"N’
+ e}F 67F 9 D” du%' !F? i&%&' ;) "T "4 ;)  ME a  a”
"2 !@ ;) F B 4F 9 d"N’ "FB " 5 ":N "H
v "N ,F7
Š + "2 5 "w " o "T "4 S e}F q6% a” ."H%
.Z:N gH% D "T ao " "5
a d"FBŽ "2 a D:!$ €@ W:m
a - › 8 (CRC) S 2 D% q6% i_7&
jB' D:! S 2 D% q6% aN} d#6%7 "&&
"4 a AB $ .3U X ` l%7 nE
²F j< |5 ;) ‹ l? S 2 Aq D% ( :Œ ;) e [!R Zh .™7 46% kŽ j<
B!:) w%H (S x"4 .Bo QF‰ "U B4 + ! dO&$ vF!Ž j%… 8 &! 4m a eB!:
D +%2 XF! 3N €%H QH (( xe#› C h%F! AB:' "& "$
Q S 2 Aq
]: Fw j%… NvF Fqƒ S 2 Aq a :? Z
(B xS 2 D% q6% + W S47
.aF* aF!5
d a Nv` dN: a5` 9N} " o Š? "w "7 a µBo !2$ "˜% S 2 Aq Bq
D% q6% † .3U l%7 %H : i
H "&Š Š%$ "w% g<h D} ."U@ !5 4m "4
3N) !N A%6< "Y B ! $  d"4\ [%mN6 3N 37 AB:) ! (CRC) S 2
dD% —U' N: +  ,m
6 S T Z:  a "
7 & ª$ ! a” .(3
9 a” 8 " %v6o & ›6 dZ#7  A%6 Y$ F NH " eB h 9 !$
.AB%5 %U a <EV
8
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
.1' S 2 D% q6% a: AB Aqo g<M "$
#f , A!5 "Y ;) "˜% S 2 Aq 3 %Ÿ
.3U X ` l%7 4m e
H B4 ./ ,- ;) 3
$ 9
.}: F .l? ]: Z¯% ,$m
& ;) "F!F!2 B "o 3 %Ÿ . %m a ": ":NŠ + S 2 D% q6% a: "G !
+ Z4
5 ZN „T4 D:B [!‹ "FBf "\o X$& ! ` —o 9qƒ x%F! AB:)
.e_$ "N "
F%m$ 3ŸF |%E B €@ lm
a .6%\ 3¶`%F d%F! AB:)
2.4.1
dFQ=& dnw$ " 5 q6% X& a F%H) + "&%' "#$% ! * l%7 < |%
"_4 D: ! (EMPA) "m o "&? "NY 3v .6%\ , 9$ dn™5 dnw$ " ZN' q6%
D "$% A!T Do "NO (IMPEL) Z_4 9&
&) < “o BŽ "4\ (6 !) "
4m
"V5 nw$ " "& i&6 .(PACE) "$ 2 ! 9>7$ 3N 3 a "6%7 (5&) "H
v
9B a C "F!M "NY A!T "N †F% "$o "1 i! .l%7N 5 a:
.l%7 <M ΠD:! (NVMP) "#$% =
;) $ a eUE d"&%' h%N: ]& 8 "N5 ! a H! !F!Ž " ! aN}
"F› i™$ 8 ! d"!5 !$ F NH D
|%… ."
m aN1 !$ NH h%F! AB:) d
F%H S%
4 9 WF 8 "_4 AB' ˜ !F!T dFQ=& & FB 6 a$ + "&%' h%N:
"&&
"NO DO a: e}H de_$ "N5 AB' .%' 4m " ! ."¯% Q "¯% :m
+ %2 !5ŸF dPTU Q / ]: A%m@ 5 , 3ŸF d9B 3$ F NH k& %F%
W4F .!$ 3
dPTU 37$ "&%' %F! & + 3o ]: A!` A>7 h 9 Q .T (% m .M
.$ ;) !4 <h + Y < 8 5 a j !
"N5 "&%' "#$% ! ,- "m7& 9 (FQ=&)  + j%G 8 "FB ":N " ! %O
W` + d%F! AB:) ,NY$ F 9 A% Q nN aNH .AQ46 3N: €%H ! h%F! AB:) N% "B
W2 WV5 NY ¡& m5 XF! "N: l%7 —%
F .A?@ a ]: |5‰ eN: D% XmF
8 "N5 ! B!2 ?: "6%2 "4% ,4 ]: q6% , dBN: _h
.‹ l%7 Q G , <6 d"&%' h%N: "F› i™$
'-* P - . 1.2.4.1
,F7 "2 g<h i d!4 "N ‘ lm 9 !& "2 W4 9 !$
%` Š? B BQ c% 8 "F= q2 iw d ! ABFq
" !&% .B4 ;) "&%' "#$% ! a ?6 N6 nEB ;)  36 |B ! . lm
"I "
F%m$ C "&%' AB) NO 3N7F d"&%' "#$% ! * 9>7$ 4
.2011 d!& RGQ24/1/004 "
f + < —%\ B%F .%74 "_4
qFq ;) ]5 d"&%' AB) + "67 ": Y * V5 j5 ]: " 5 g<h C
]: " Zh ."&%' "#$% ! ‰ F NH F%H) %\ ":- !& k$ j< !
"f "Y q–$" Z1
!4 ]: d! !:  9F 9 3}F d"_4 %1o PT "F <2 !4
AB) 3F‘ "·$ F NH . a aš C AB "F LB4 4m ZH d ;) "H1'$ .",H!$
Z : ]: ,
"V5 9–H d3N5Ÿ ! 0 8 "&%' "#$% !
.F! !@ Z!
"2 ]: d5 "#q= |5 ]: hG FB5 "&%' ,#}4
9
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
":& "N e
H AB!K .%7 i + !5N "#% d"e!
%F! AB:) " "š aN}
." "&%'
+ ! ! D% ]: ,=7 "_4 ":% D " 5 g<h wq
d"&%' "#$% ! * %F! AB:)/AB wq Zh .P$% [!F  ]: 6 !
W$ 5 A%m@ B a hT‰  ‰ "&%' D dAmE ]: jm 8 B !F!Ž
. ;) d" [%to ,2013
W
-V 4X YZ -V ,Q
2.2.4.1
"
F}
Zm™ [!ho a B!: "m ."&%' AB) 3N7 AB' "mE &­ i1
.9B AB %F! AB:–$ c Z: ABFw "&%' AB–$ "U@ P# 5 "%‰
"U@ " LB4 P# W&
5 %Fm "m7& "2 i d"m@ < hB t) +
AB–$ F NH !4 7 3` F%t + "H ": g<h %Fm "N: ."&%' AB–$
."&%'
! _ & ()7. 0= ' [)*
:]
0 B & ^(T
(AICN)
3.2.4.1
+ "5#% ": Y NO& 8 :N "4 + 5 "F® "} 9 ;) (2013) 1/273 "
f Q7
q= Z £` W™7 WNO 9 , D#B  Jž iT4U ! 37  9N1 3 a h< WF 8 5 "FN2 "&&
eB!ž e&& e !
F B!p 0
."} "$ ABY  !@
d"! "t B4 "&&
`o a B! d5 "F® n! ¸F " ¥m@ "
f !
N6
† "_4 Qf> .w) e_$ S= nV5 S >$ 3N$ q s a) W5 q a: e}H
"_4 0O .B v Dh%O& Z:% 9 @ QH "5$ F NH) D
` (
.(" o ` "4 "T
3.4.1
7$ dnw$ " "& i dLBM JK I + "&%' "#$% ! * AB) l1‰ F NH
S (BCRC-SEA) 5&!&) d(BCRC China) W + nw$ " "N' q6% "
m a A* 9!$ ,
†&%$ —H |% ."&%' N e_$ "N5 ABb ²F%G l%7 —%
"$ d(SPREP) LBM JK
.2005 ?NH& + (9$) 6t + e¯ LBM JK I "
m g<h AB) 9>7$ nw$ "
JK I "
m + " [%to "&%' "#$% ! * AB) ! W5Ž ;) †&? ]5F
d[!ho g<h 
T Z5 + .l%7 Q G , €@ W:m
W$ 6%\ .7&) nE a LBM
, †ŸŸ& < xN6 a 3
"= "&%' , x,1 D
:ZF 3N7 "=% †&? !N:
"N5 AB' xw) "&%' aN1 !` µB ;) A%m@ B a 3
[!‹ "_4 Z:% DN O&o
."4F! "m7&o nB4 qFq "#$% ! e_$
,NY A!#% ,F7 t) x" B%Y D# :ZF LBM JK I + "t 3N "mE 3N7
l%7 A.6 D
xNY Z° XF! d%F! AB:) D% x"&%' l% JmE xH
xnw$ " "N' q6% nE a < "m7& 5 :|%E W$ a d"N' Jm@ 3N7 .k! 10
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
"O
qFq d nB4 xZN) O a "&%' "#$% ! * + l%7 Q G J41
"#$% ! * ]: A%m5 W5T "N' ¢
.%) ". x"
m 3EB 4\
BN o !F!Ž d,F7 < €@ W:m
W$ 6%7 .7&) dA%mE N6 " "&%'
! e_$ "N5 AB' 3 a ]} N " LB4 xQF ,1 %F! AB:' "$
."&%' AB' ZN) Jm* .7&) 9>7$ |! " B D
d"&%' "#$%
C
, P - . #*%
1.3.4.1
AB) 9>7$ P# ":NŠ 94 " "2 !U d2012 d9$ "˜ RGQ24/1/15 "
f + W4 T ]:
AB:) ! AB:) $ NH 3 qFq d 3
g<h (&) , [!‹ "&%' ,
8 V5 P# B!Ž .eN: "&%' "#$% ! e_$ "N5 AB' 9N1 dh%F!
AB)) R6 |!`) nE a d"2 ."  ": Y a hQ " "2 6 : ]:
lm
a "_h 3\ + d"&%' AB' "_h .7&) a: "V5 Zh d((DITT) "
" LB4 ]: 5& ¢ V Z5H  ]: "Y g<h Ÿ . AB) "N ) 36 €@
."  ]} N "! QF <6 "T
AB–$ "N#
"Y N: e D:! 9 9$ "` ]: W deFB e$< AB' ¥7& aF 0 )
, 3 + Nv d"&%' "#$% ! u&
%F! 3#!$ + %O 9 d"&%'
! l% "V5 "t N AB) ; .e_$ "N "
F%m$ |%Eo 9!4 a "&%' AB' " " ;) e
` Bq + l4 "2 Y ,- a "B
"N5 "&%' "#$%
Bq g<h 3v a ¤> 3E! !U%ŸF ."4 "
AB) h% |%E " j "&%'
"
AB' a” . AB) O& 3FN P# nv !: ]: "1% %™ a
..} !: e ²G 9 e}F (DITT)
3N7F d "
AB) g%F! k_7 !U nE a "&%' AB) O& n”
]: WF dD a .P# < "4% a: "V5 Zh F!4 ":% %#! d%#! .e”! evF!` "=
"
AB) hB!Ž ("&%' "#$% ! * "F4) "F_ "45$ ds5F 9 aFB5 W
! ]: A<H B
nv$ Dq) ;) "H1'$ dP# < " 3FN !5F !U + d
% ; ! Œo n  "2 !
. c%™$ "H ,NY q6% .7&–$ A%m@ B
:BF 9 "2 6 (E a "NY$ W5 B%Ho W5 ]: X… ."”!
"&%' ! * nq q6% ;) 3
Ÿ "&%' "­ ,N=Ÿ .W ,NG q6% + 3N5Ÿ ! 0 8 DR!
R>7 ;) T <h ]: iqŸ: 8  "&%' $ " "Y 3
« ."&%' "#$%
.AB' a !Fq }
! #*
C
! )' #
$% <& `( 3=-"
2.3.4.1
d:% ]: AB
%H "&%' "#$% ! * 3EB %U a !F! B e%O&
0 8 ! a AB 9B (% "DN "F%}2 "N ,F7" 9$ F6 "F- 3v 9!$ (%
d0 a " l
U + ) !F ,#\ Q 9! h B 9! ."F%}2 t + NO‰ AB d3N5Ÿ !
(&–$ J
H 9!$ "5¹ %f>5 j< FB& dF!4 q™ i$ º5= % F!&' kv a
Aq 3v = + , m& ]: AB 9B !5 .e: k "# + 90
M aN}F ."#} BF!$ A&' !` ¢N$ 3N 8 \7 dX% "
M S 2
d&6q ”B ¸&q F4 ™ F!&' & 3v deB& e&! 20 a %v6 3
.hQ
11
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
"U ;) l% , %F! AB:' e= ! .%) ,1 A%} :! dAB 9B %F! AB:) 35
! ." , + AB 9B %F! AB:) »!
S " "& ITU-T L.1100
= ,$ AB) ¥
& aN}F dAB 9B %F! AB:) AB' ¼.%) F6 "F- i1
"3N" d"AB' "_h" d" , †" :R` AB nE ."%F! !"
) %F 8 = + AB 9B a: "&U ,N~ AB' "_h H
t 9!$ + |%Eo "FB' _M , %F! j! , H 7 d0 a "* l
U a 9=
A` AB nE ! =‰ .N † BqF .4t ]: ¼.$ d|%E
9B ]: † 3 %F .%F! ! ;) [m "F› + = nV A! .}
& B%=‰ d"Ft
nE a "ž "
B 9 9 X… d"H %F! AB:) 9 Z .%F! ! ;) « dAB' "_M AB
%U 3H "&) ƒ d"!5 
"
e
H .AB 9B 3v %U: C7  .ZN € .2012 dF6 "F- 1/182 2011 d1/INF/30 W
f + "m7&o g<h a: " B%
4.4.1
et) 37 QF “o BŽ |! d"&%' N e_$ "N5 AB' nŠ + eQ46 e!
$ i
`
"#$% ! * ‹ ! 8 "
F%m P1 dg&B c%Ÿ ds5 a B!: h .n’ <h + eT1 eNO
."$o 9!4 ª$ + "&%'
- C
. <( ' 4 Y0 #*a #b6
1.4.4.1
"N "_4 Aw |! "N6% A?@ (a$) (AICN) Z5 "
F%H' "47 i1%:
W= "V5" !4 ]: "&%' "#$% ! * AB) ,- + "5&% 9 ' 3
"!5
.h%N: "F› + ! g<h a C " 3NT$ "&%' "#$% ! = qŸF „` d(ERP) "" D_F (Récylum ERP "_4 "NO&o) (PRO) †œ "V5‰ ½ A!¾N NO + e 9= DO& d5&%H +
Z5 "
F%H' "47 RGQ24/1/2 "
f) .(OCAD3E) A!¾N 5 "_h aN1 ¬
.(2011 da$ (AICN) "&%' "#$% ! "#q= G B%5F dA!F!Y Aqo m$ ]: ""_4 "s5" D c%ŸF
8 "!` 3$
!`" l% "mE ]N5F t) + dA!F!Y Aqo a $
F .%\ !: e&Š "”!
"­
! 0 8 ! ™U l!F) e}F W5N a” .5&%H ./ ,- + ,- "m
& 18 600 a %v6 nE a 3N
W$ F% 3 a "_4 "s5 D ¿ 9 ]:  ..%7$ q j 9B dW:w |! ) "` h
!5 ;) l% + A%` "2 9 9 ]: d ]: A: d dh%N: "F› + Z_4 h%fo e
H =
.(PRO) † "V5‰ " NON " "4 K
`À "F!4 |! a C q6% + "­ "&%' "#$% ! Z#
& ,NY PÀ !
"­ "&%' "#$% ! * l% %F! AB:)/! AB:) ,NY ! Bw ! .eQ46
W$ %F! AB:) —À ! —% „` d"$
“o BŽ + AB!K [!h‡ 9š 46 !` ;)
! * Jm* + ": Y ,- X a dk5& i + ." ! l&o e
H "# + 91 71
!` B% kg10 ´$ [!‹ dZ#
& ,NY + !Fq / ]: "% ! 
Ž 9 "­ "&%' "#$%
.2014 : n§
12
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
B 36h n’ —5H) !4 nE a "­ "&%' "#$% ! * ! AB:) ,=7 " NO 3NT NH d"­ "&%' "#$% ! * %Nt , ;) nU } Z:N
& ª$ a: A%\4 "V5 <6 3NT ! AB:) H% ;) ! 3
& (PRO) † "V5‰
"_4 Z:% DN ,=7F <h dh! ,4 "U P# e
H "&%' "#$% ! * + A%m@
. ! Z5 W$ Z_4 Z:
D#
qN D d"&%' "#$% ! * ]: " AB' ]: 3v$ " † "V5 !4 4mF
13 34 o + "`%m " "&%' "#$% ! "` + ."A!F!Y !" ""”!
" W$
.h%N: "F› + 3 "V5 !N [%K !5 3NTF d2005 ¢m5
(9a
, 5
W#'2 ;) )' #
$% @- :- . 2.4.4.1
-7 – T *
•
3N i° <#< d2006 : + 5&%H + dADEME Z5&% q%$ eE "H% d"m "_4 AB) "6 i5 >
! 3F‘ .%) F%t a: "&%' "#$% ! * AB) O& "s>$ Z: qFq ]:
,NY X 3v ,1 ! 3N7 ."_4 A:% a !Fq‰ g<h AB qFq ;) [!R 8 ,F7
d" 9= :N’ aN1 de}F "m "_4 AB) "6 !
. "4t %F! AB:) "
!& F DO nE a "T STU W$ B% <Eo %Ž d"_4 9V7$ " Aw D:!
Aqo Z= 3= AB) a: "NO "V5 3NT ›–H d ;) "H1'$ .%F! AB:) ,NY mm‰ 
36 iY: iNŸ 8 Á  d 5 + "`%m ! N6 D5&>$ 9F 9=5F aF< d" "F% o
.2009 &F 30 ¸F$ B %o k: C& X5` d:
`4
, ! 45 :
= e T @N – T *
•
"Š!) M q W$ ,NY nE a 2010 : 3# + ¢N$ " "N% "\7  "` X 2 i
t©
. !5 "7F Q™H d(n

‰ c%: "\\) S 2 ("@
dX Pm S ` a: A% 60-30 !
‰ "m a Z` S 2 3
F d"_$ %O& " a
"445 w™ D=` a ev 12 ;) nv 6 nv •f X Pm S ` nNž S ` , a: †F NH
S 2 A` AB 9 Œ$ deŠ! e%: "Fm4 9 AB: d|%E "`& a .Œ ]: dj%2 4`
" & 3Ÿ kT Z@ kH DmTŸF dZ` S 2 %F! AB:' .kFm$ A` A!6 Z`
(q .(% 45 Œ`) "&%' "` d(% 55 Œ`)  4 "Fm4 "\7 :< e
H 3ŸF
T (%5Ÿ "A" ;) 3 %Ÿ 8 "&%' "` ¢: ]: dB a B%5ŸF 3 Zh o
%TŸF NH dZ` S 2 9w a "# + 80 a %v6 %F! AB:) Z™4 de-) .T €U "Nv 9B
.k "# + 1 a 3 ]%F Z4
.2011 d5&%H dThales RGQ24/1/3 "
f + 9h "2 B B%
()) - . +
,& #>&;
3.4.4.1
%F! AB:) "Y a: e}H d(MSWI) "F!4 |! "4 ž 3™7 !
F "
v 9B F5 l 9)
AB:' "$
9B Q46 !` ;) !
Ÿ dMSWI ž + "&%' "#$% ! %TŸ !H . %` F
$
"#$% ! a e_$ D5 C 3 ,NY ."Oh$ $ ) hBB% <F d! d ;) "H1'$ ."F!4 |! Aw% Q + "
v 9B E! a 3
F h%N: "F› + "&%'
13
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
"\' & Ÿ .%F! AB:) "N: .f !F!2 T 3v ! AB:) a” 8 9B B%5Ÿ
"F} "#N %` a” .A!` ]: CŸF (hQ d":4m ! v "
4#q P)
.X k ]: (J  46) %F! AB:' "$
Q
9 "#q= G qŸF d(ORDEA) C :% "&%' "#$% Aqo AB:) 9& X‰
C$ DM PN5ŸF h%N: "F› + Aqo AB:–$ e}F 95 qŸF .e&Š Aqo AB $ 9B5
a "&%' "#$% Aqo 9&
3N7F ."N} B4 ,- ¥
& "­ F %Nt , F%t a:
:" _
x"6 &%'
•
x ! "4 !
•
x.M !F? Aq
•
x"­ Aqo
•
x("$v AQ4 ": Bo .v $) Bo
•
xSo a: e}H kH% "1F% Aq
•
x(A.1' 46%) ¢&
•
.("=h P$ !:) P$
•
AB' "F%5F5 "5 V nE a d€@ lm
a 3FN$ d C g<h ,- AB) j%G
dAqo ,- .%\ % aN}F .(SWICO) DO "F%5F5 "m$% (SENS)
.
e
45 e:H! e¯ d(ORDEA) C :% "&%' "#$% Aqo AB:) 9&
$ "N7
.e&Š ! l) a” <h .":t ":m  ]: h%N: "F› + C
W5Ž d"q) 3F‘ "mE q dnH Œ2 O 3h :" "m
"4% :ZF "N hF5/Q$! 3N7
H .
x"N5 Aqo "N#
C E 9>7$ "K m5 W5N "!
.(, "N: ]: Qf> nE a) Aqo %F! AB:) W5Ž
.(2011 dFOEN) "_4 j%5F5 jBŽ X 2/INF/45 1/INF/40 W
f + "F%5F5 "$%= —%\ B%F
_Y0 C?$.
(EPEAT)
- . 4 _Y0 ( #" :- . #>&f C
Y, C
g 4.4.4.1
(2013 W1/259 (i) (
-7) THALES h: ! C=,
d"&%' =N Z_4 D
AB) EPEAT d"&%' =N W_$ W¯ a: "s5 g<h !
"$ S 2 Aq Z "$o "m$% a ECMA-370) Z_4 9:' (A!T F
.(“o BŽ
QF "# e
4t %F! AB:) "m (&' DN 3N7 QF ]: EPEAT D F
"NK M "7 X 2) ! D
DF .("&%' =N Z_4 D
)
.eFE e 28 eq) e 23 e 51 B! e
4t ( ;) S 2 \\
IEEE 1680
.$ + "NO& ¢
3 a 1961 : (ECMA) S 2 Aq Z "$o "m$% i_7&©
"NO& %Fm ,$ , + "} AQ4 AQ™ 6%7 — "m$% + "F} S$
"NO& QF‰ " "B "_h dECMA International ;) 1994 + ¯ ECMA "m$% Q .
B!p j< ECMA-370 a (2009 &F) ,$% !U' "m$% %7& m7& t) + . 14
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
QF "H% P# e
4t "$ 2 ! = 
#%t "_4 ²&Y %O A T : Z_4 9:' 3N7F .ah% i + "4
˜ " LB4
.(PEA) †N "_4 B T dCEP "6%7 Z_4
! "#$%
(UNEP)
Y0 #'2 ; j
-,
5.4.1
1.5.4.1
! a 9!4 (&) !FqF NH  3U d"°T ABFw B!T %$ Œ! %2 Bw dAQEo 5 +
"&%' ! ‹ "m4% Aqo "7 S 2 Aq 6< %2 3N7F ."&%' "#$%
B l% d! AB:) D% ! "$ ,m "w) 3 a  d"N5 "F@ M "N5
9 d"&%' "#$% ! * C "4
X o ]: "$% a ?6 ! ¾” 9 D a .@
+ A%m@ & , 3 + "š N !5Ÿ d"N
& l% N: !NŸ
4#q "¾?© X m4v d"F "F 9$% 46% dF? €U% B 3v) "&%'
d1/INF/36 "
f + "_4 A!T Do †&? " LB4N 3 C B%F .("F} 46% ª$ 3
.2011
24/1
C=, 1 *' A U
4 $ " ! (i
2.5.4.1
!:© "B A!h h4:$ nw$ " ;) (2010 d "N X |! n nV5) d1/16 "
f Q7
9!4 3 ;) "!
9!4 a A%m@ 3
& , !F!T k ]: dDo W$ A%m@ %` a !T
a˜ 9 S% + e_$ "N5 RB) 9N1 A! "ÂNŸ "N6 3
e}F " a !
.(LDC) eˆ
.= 8 |%Eo A%m@ N e_$ "N5 AB' nŠ + eˆ 9!4 3 A!:5 d&) ! a
#
$% m j dkl i?i "&%' "#$% ! e_$ "N5 AB' 9>7$ 7 [%
"6< .%7 N: nE a "&%' (&) mn [!M 9F 9 Z™4F .)' #
$% O'
%N k” C7 $ ‹ l? nE a 3N nq 8 "&% ! O' #
$% xA!Y "&
= AB' &$ A!: ,}F 9 !4 a” .`U) a” 8 &  )' #
$% x! +
."4 "
F%m$ "&%' "#$% ! %F! ! ! 8 NO %O "&%'
ZU ."! !h 4: W$ <Eo , d"t "NO "&&
F}
]: q6% "s ;) "
f Q7
3$ e%mE 37 8 B4  !F!Ž d"&%' B4 %F! AB:) ! AB:) a: &$ !: ,1$ e}F
"&%' + "t%5 B 3N7 9 a” .|%E B W$ a dB 4#q €U% a kFŽ
3H Œ4 , "™ "q o K v jŽ e4 .(PCB) A B! 3 Z#f 46%
<6 "
f Ã` .A B! 3 Z#f a A%mE N6 ]: d1977 : 34 " d(PVC) !F6
.g: A6< "fv ,1 ]: "` B B!:) [!‹ " N .
!$ lm1 "&)
N’ nN ]: e%mE "&%' a C 37F 9N} =% ,1 Z™4F
+ "
v 9B 3v B a P\% %F! AB:) N: + 9> Q c% X= !F!7 €%2 ZE "K
.%K B %Nt ,
15
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
, (Umicore) * "
3.5.4.1
"
f) =$ a (Umicore) "6%\ h 2012 : + "_4 "$o nN:o q# a ""N: 3}H" "_H + q# 96
v &F (NiMH) u! 3 !F!h 46% a aT7 "$ Fm$ %F! AB:) + ‹ o d(2012 d1/141
.jY [™ + "F} 46% 4™ t) ,” ˜ de& 9B ("&Fo "2 + v j) (Li-ion)
. %Nt , + CŸF !: "T "_4 ]: Fm4 "45 Qf> a S o <h 3 !
B5 ."* AB 60 Œ` D} 8 "&%' "#$% ! * a at 350 000 / eF "6%\ Ä
B5F .] %Ÿ w%ŸH d"Nv 9B FB% FB4 o T  + ‰ d"N g<h + 9B
.T <h ]: T a at 20 000 W4 a et 25 d"} a at 2 400 C@ Xh< a at 100 .hw eF
5 Œ` Xh< qH 3™F dnv 34 ]H .j!
q a (% $ "&
"5H AB%5 B " ?Ÿ
350 ":4m ! * a !` at a B%5Ÿ % 250 , "&
dq a !` am 9! a %
"#$% ! * a B BB% a 9$% f4& 9 W` + d"% "NK M a !` at a %
.q "Y ·7 + : "# + 80 "45$ 3
"&%'
+ 9N6 "# !5Ÿ d9B % B6 "&%' "NO&o ‹ %Eq 8 " 4 B !5Ÿ
BH :("_4 D:) .Z\ 36 kH nTF .Z\ j kH !ŸF j< "j%#! B" ;)  Z}F ."& %@ (&)
%Nt , ;) 3
"2 Z <$ d"# + 100 "45$ Fm4 "&%' %F!
." 9!4 + "Y q6%
4 U
3(
1
*' A o% `( U
3(
5
*' A ?6' 4.5.4.1
(24/1 )
! "Y ! 8 F}
ª$ " U + †Å d2012 dRGQ24/1/19 1/156 W
f e
4t
AB:) ! AB:) AB) X d%F! AB:) "&%' a !2 nŠ + ¢
lm
$
:%F!
|%Eo Aqo "
FmN !` a`7 A!
¶" 9>7$ L.1000 "U
•
|%Eo Aq + A!
$ B!b e!` e` !
"eF!F "NK <6 d"&%' D=` B!: a !T  dA!
$ B!b "@ !` 
."N2 S !: "m ªE A. ABFw nE a "m W5T
= + AB 9B %F! AB:) a: QH "
F%t" 9>7$ L.1100 "U •
. g<h »!
5& B!Ž ZH "
¢¶
8 ITU-T L.1001 "U l%7 ]: ¢
lm
5 ! "Y i
H d2012 %$6 +
•
! + ! Z@ !` A!
¶ n§ F NH 4m
7 dITU-T L.1000 "U 3N 8 d"U g<h . Aqo a65
"
!Y U 4 :"4 `m A!` A!
" 4m " o
g<h nE a ."_4 U "5 .1} (N Z5m™% H "m A.6 ":
! AB:) 35 d"
H Aqo m& , F%t a: A!
, ªE a” "U
.!Y ¥%H !1 gBNU k , ":& W5Ž dg%F! AB:)
"&%' "! AB4 Œ! BŽ a $ 2012 : + A " R% " B !
•
a at 300 000 T$ !
F 3Fq A.$ "m 5F !` A! ¶ BN: 9 d(GeSI) "
w f4& "m a n' "&) " ! %O d ;) "H1'$ .eF "&%' ."# + 50 25 W$ —% "45$ "@ "m$ B!' !` a "_H!
5
16
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
! >& 0
, #
N #* j& _4! p C=, & kl, q( 5.5.4.1
(UNEP) Y0 #'2 ; j
-, *'( r
, ( #'$
k)*
= P q= A2 AB † ZN < 9>7$ P1 e`%
d(2013) 1/286 "
f !
;) eB d"
& "`%‰ RB %‘ 8 9!4 " 9!4 + !
.$ "
A!:5 ,F7 + . Œ! BŽ , %\$ i1 B ":NŠ
.2010 2000 Z: W$ A% + t "H6 + Q46 37$ Bw (PC) "7 X 2 4 9 ;) "s5 Q7
370 / ;) 2000 : + 0 ./ "H6 + i$ A!` 9 170 / a 3#h 37$ X 2 g<h nN Bw
9 740 ;) ` 4 3 9 Â!
F „` d2014 : £` gG <h %N5 d2010 : + i$ A!` 9
.AQEo %7 5 + } a %v6>$ ABFw j dA!`
q= w%H !F!T mE < 9 "$ 2 q= —U) !F!G H% Z™4F k&>$ <6 "
f ZU
H% Z™4F .B AB %F! AB:) / HB Z™4F 8  W$ a `U) h!F!G a” 8 "$ 2
W " "TU "_4 "F® aN} "
F%m$ 3N › a !6> nw$ " " #f 3N5 9 !F!=
"
M "6%\ AB4 :gt) aN1 WB4 9š £` "6%7 †&%$ 3¬ .nw$ " 4m nv , H
.(PACE) "$ 2 q= 9>7$ 3N$ 3 a "6%7 (MPPI)
2
"#
#$ !
!"#
'(
%&% #
( '.?
1.2
:" m 4: + <E>F 9 " 9!4 + "&%' AB' 3 O& j ]: X…
 P# B :3N7 " B nE a d"&%' "2 C7 "` %F%
"2
•
A!F!Y ! BQ x"&%' "#$% ! ‰
W:w WN’ aFB5 W X& a dk ,ŸF $5` 5 + "67 x"N5
hG "&%' "#$% ! 4 x ! 4 x=
! d"46% A!:
x4% "&%' "&%' ! A` !$ ' x "&%' "#$% ! * N6 x! AB:' " x"&%' "#$% ! * AB' "T "4 B xA! "&%' D=` xA!
."NK o "&%' AB) a: "- "F= €%
]UF d<6 %o 96 .A%m@ Q A%m@ B a !
†Fq Zh "&%' 9 B) "s
•
A%m@ W$ qN$ —N5 a "UE "_H "&%' "#$% ! * 4:$
"
45 "Y 3`% AB' a A%4 3`% + $ %t XG "™$ d"#7 "­ 3`% * ZH d4 ˜ D% ]: .(j!  D% —U' aFq 3
,NY)
"#$% ! * ! 9 a” d(C / "Y / ! / %F! AB:)) "Y
"4m 9 !& 9 j%} a .95&' "TU "_4 "F® 9N1 3 a A%mE * U$ "&%'
"N "
F%m$ g<h ¾!Ÿ 0 9) "`% j + ]= 9 a” "&%' "#$% ! A%m@
."! ]} N QF , e\‘ de_$
17
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
D=` x!$ 36 + Z ,1 :3v X& A:% , "&%' AB' 3 O& !F!T "2
! A` AB x"&%' "#$% ! 7& |! xH%° kH 5
d"N 3FN I x"&%' "#$% ! * AB' "w "T "4 x
. ;)
•
* AB' " LB4 ,1 !: 4: + h<E Z™4F 8 "5#% X&Y ZF NH
:" 9!4 + H
$/
2.2
t |5 ]: " 9!4 + "&%' "#$% ! * AB–$ "
" " 5 !NŸ 9 Z™4F
! AB:) ,=7 Z™4F d ;) "H1'$ .ZK |5 ]: "` B "F6 !: "4% S™ e%O& ZK
Z™4F ."&%' "#$% ! * ! a !` µB ;) 3
Z™4F d"&%' "#$% !
:ZF dµB !T6 d3N7 9 A6< " 5
)*+, -(
. /0
"!1% !& '(
1.2.2
a !6> "N5 ! "
"Y Zh " 9!4 ` 9 9 a !$ "N: !4 9 34 d —%
ŸF d"F™ g<M e
Ž ."&%' nEB ;) , + jBVF ! g<h BQ 9
8 .Bo "TU 4f) "B A:% d.Bo "TU 4f) 4E "&%' "#$% ! l}E) dBQ . ! a "* _ "! NO `%
! "2 D
.%) a !$ d"&%' "#$% ! BQ $ F NH
+ B!: + P4 ZH d! "$ N$ nq 9 ! NH ›o d"%N "F› ]: "H7"
9 A! 9!4 ]: X… deH "&%' "#$% ! * ! Nv` .i a e45& AQ A%H
. g<M e_$ "N5 ABb H% a qF F! "
9!4 9 a !6>
d"°T ABFw B!T %$ Œ! %2 Bw dAQEo 5 + (2011 dUNEP) 1/INF/36 "
f + . N6
S 2 Aq 6< %2 3N7F ."&%' "#$% ! a 9!4 (&) !FqF NH  3U "$ ,m "w) 3 a  d"N5 "F@ M "N5 "&%' ! ‹ "m4% Aqo "7
"4
X o ]: "$% a ?6 ! ¾” 9 D a .@ B l% ! AB:) D% ! N !5Ÿ d"N
& l% N: !NŸ 9 d"&%' "#$% ! * a C
9$% 46% F? €U% B 3v) "&%' + A%m@ & , 3 + "š
.("F} 46% ª$ 3 4#q "¾?© X m4v "F "F
d"! F%7 !$ 36 !:
e
H R* "&%' "#$% ! %F! BQ N: <Æ 9 X…
F 9 X… NY Z° 9 94 a:  ." [%to W$ %` "H7 LB4 "4 A:% , <6
dR* "&%' "#$% ! BU B D5 J4} Ç " ˜ a DN w XF!
.(WCO) " NY "NO D# O "% H "&%' ]: [% a: e}H
",5 D U !` O" d= e eO& i1 " NY "NO 9 A\'$ %F!
&2) @ B$ !4F (! j%=\ 3h ]: F O& a: A4: O <h ."!` O" E$
g!
"B †N "& B ;) !5F "Y a "$ 3`% ?: †F!$ Z}” (9B %}@
9N} = D !` O& QH "! A= Q5 !` O ,1 a c%™ 96 .]E nN .NY Z° "
18
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
2+&% 324
2.2.2
—1$ "F4 a "6%7 V5 a 9 "" "=" e
B eF% ,} 9 !$ 36 + "T Z™4F
:ΠT ]: d!F "5 B! ]: "67 |%Eo ": =
N
•
:" Zh g<h "T "4` "5#% ."6%NY "_4 m5 3N7
+ <E> 9 ]: d"&%' "#$% ! * DO AB) 9>7$ "! |5 ]: " BN:
xAB' O& + 3N Q a5` + 3E! 8 3 ,- 4:
N "7 AB' + W67 "T STU 3 d"2 = "T1 V5 B )
x"&%'
9 X… .(% %F! AB:) ! AB:) l% $ F NH d‹ q 9N1 d[!h ,1
e…! 4m 34 "&%' "#$% !N " Y "2 W$ : ŸF [!ho g<h ÇÅ
xeFB F!
x"&%' "#$% ! * Z=‰  O& AB)
95 :m +  "&%' "#$% ! * AB) nŠ + XF! 3N €%H E ,=7
x"\7h %v6o
x.} !: $
: c%H dP# nv 9N} "T STU * ]: "$% [%\' " ˜
"2 Y "T STU a: Wv˜ D} "Y .7&) D a ."&%' "Y k DO
Z™4F ."FB :N + "&%' AB) O "NO "
X&Y "7 c%™ d" 
d"&%' "#$% ! * AB' "
X&Y + "FY •T4 ,=7 ;) e}F ]5 9 "=
."F™ g<h 
T 3FN "NK B ! 9
')* •
B!p 9 X… d9 !F „` " 9!4 + .= W:w WN’ aFB5 W a 9
"W=" "_H ]:! "_H + e WN’ aFB5 W ,NG a” dnv 34 ]H .DRV5 !5Ÿ a —1$
.V5 ¢$
:" "5#% V5 3NŽ .Vh "T STU 9>\ a
x"&%' N "N° "NO&‡ nv
* AB–$ F NH : 3T †# a: %F%
»!
[!ho 
Ž W=$ 3= ]: È2
x"&%' "#$% !
xO&o (&' "_4 Z:% DN$ "
Ho %Fm
3v) " ("&%' "#$% ! * + A%m@ & 3v) "
QH
x"&%' "#$% ! * j%F! "&%' "#$% ! Z5 (,NY ¥
&
x"&%' AB) O& 3FN >7© (N nv
x"2 "$ [%\–$ —N5
x"&%' "Y + J7& !$ 19
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
"_4 AB' 3N5Ÿ ! 0 8 "&%' "#$% ! l% ,=7 ": :b N§ xM "
`
! ,NG ¥
& .7&) W:w = ]: X… dg: V5 ;) "H1'$
.W=N 85 D:! »!
3N5Ÿ ! 0 8 ! '! s?&
•
:ZF NH "5#% V5 3vN .aF%7 :? a aF!5 W:?$ F
x"&%' N "N° "NO&‡ nv
x"&%' "#$% ! * ! n! ªE ,=7
xW= ;) 3N5Ÿ ! 0 8 "&%' "#$% ! AB:)
x"&%' AB) O& 3FN >7© (N nv
x"2 "$ [%\–$ —N5
."&%' "Y + J7& !$ •
"N#
6%7$ d"&%' "#$% ! * %F! AB:–$ AB:–$ AB–$ "N#
Y$ 3F
:" " o V5 .Vh "T STU ;F . C$
x"&%' N "N° "NO&‡ nv
"! N 3}H QF , ]\NF ‰ "&%' "#$% ! N e_$ "N5 AB' <
xB! <h + !$ 36 |! A!N !:
x"&%' "#$% ! * ! n! ªE ,=7
x3N €%H E qFq ;) "% "2 P# nv
xU h%F! AB:) ! AB:) "&%' l% $ F NH AB!K [!ho D:B
x"2 "$ [%\–$ —N5
."&%' "Y + J7& !$ -(
. "*+:% ;$- (EPR) 15% 67(% 89
3.2.2
† "V5 !4 " 9!4 ` R!N: 8 "&%' "#$% ! * P# aN} 9 Z™4F
"t B!T A%$: !N " 6%7 9o de: i4© 8 d(EPR) " ?: ! " "6%7 "V5 !‘ d!4 <h X‰ .Z ! ]: 3N
a h%N: "F› + ! AB) " " 6%7 X:5 „` d!  A` A! " 3`% ,AQEo [%Ÿ d":- "FB%H "NO& nE a " † "V5 !4 < a” ." † "V5 nE
.(PRO) "† "V5 NO" D $ <6
aN1 "T STU ª$ ]: XF 9 a” d 5 + ` X5` dk&o "FB% "NO&o , 3 XF !
X d"&%' "#$% ! * AB–$ F NH "2 1 8 [!ho p 9 !F "5
O ZH .B a %v6 "5 "5 !@ " 9 a” N$ d"N "”!
! AB) 9N1
20
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
! a DF! X W!5 ]: X… d"S$ ;) S$ a" ,- kH X™F j< djB%
"
$  S4 o "$m N 9N1 35 %o$ 9F a dAB!ž , ;) 3N5Ÿ ! 0 8 ,- "` + .(2008 dEMPA dD. dOtt) "F= H w% "N !
 ;) 1 d5 |! Z:
95H "F= H w% ]: D#
l% d ,% d"S$ ;) S$ a" Å#
& .l% c%o q 8 , + " "FG : B 9>7$ W
! e%O& e!
q6% + ,N= ¥
& a "4\ < [!‹ €@ W:m
W$ 6%\ ") a‘ ":NY "NO&o nE a
Z™7 |! d|%E , W$ a d.N "!E ¥
& 4 "
!@ q6% "N H% 5
i&6 . d"m™ h ":NY "NO&o < !: 4: + ,1F 9 Z™4F %EI 3: h ."
" 9Fq
A%m5 a ?6 !
$ PN5F ZN' ! ]: † "V5 "NO B 9o d(9!$ A!: 3N7) "N) "t
]: [%\' 9 ;) "H1'$ d" "
m 9!$ W$ B!2 ?: "&%' "#$% ! * "6%` ]:
.Y g<h 3v a !F! ]: [%\' a 2 ]: 3 A!` † "V5 "NO
d[!ho 
Ž %5 d%F! AB:) 6%\ , 1 35 ›6 d"H1' Fq a eB!: ":NY "NO&o !
d"9’$ W" !F!Ž ” x"N "”!
(B) aɑ xD=2 H nE a ,NY ªƒ
"NO B 9–H d|%E "`& a ."&%' AB) O& 3F‘ + 9s5F aF< W=5 Q W= j
" 3`% + l ` .7& ;) jBVF ˜ d"5H S F † "V5‰ ½ J
H A!`
NO •!T ,=7 9 "2 ]: X… dS g<h 3v X= ."&%' "#$% ! * AB'
9 9 dm4} NO g<h 2 X% 9 Z™4F .(2008 dEMPA dD. dOtt) † "V5‰ ½ "*
." R&$ ]: lt$ "*
t) + "$o 9!4 + kt 3$ 3NF (EPR) " W= "V5 O& ") AQ46 F!Ž i1%: !"
! ."3FN "5 !@ t 3=5 ,NY nN: F!T g<h 3N7 d“o BŽ k nv
t) + T# i1 immE ) " 9!4 "4" .9!4 * + e` 3} Z:NY O "S¶%Ÿ"
."“o BŽ k < a A
5 ! a !5 9 9!4 g<M a” .(EPR) " W= "V5
.(2011 dScruggs Nimpuno)
"N: "m $ " "&%' AB) nŠ + " 6%7 ]: "2 %m5 9 Z™4F deQE
"™$ d g<h AB) a52 "w ("! ]} N QF) "
QFN nv 9N} "_4 CE%
.95&' "TU "_4 ]: "45 fš a !2
"5+1% ;$-
4.2.2
AB) a: <6 d 5 + ! a: "` + %O j%} a
STU ]: WF j< O& AB) "V5‰ ": " 9 "T Z™4F ."&%' :ZF aN} kH &$ =5F 9 !F "5 + "T
+ "&%' "#$% ! x" 6%7 a: ": : !
•
.N 9w "F= " l X5` d 5
AB:) / l% ) "5 "5 a: o :3N5Ÿ ! 0 8 "&%' "#$% ! AB)
•
A%\4 Q A%\4 ! AB:' "4 ! N6 x(!
.(D% / —U')
21
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
"N6 l& x! Jˆ x"!5 ! "N6 l& :"&%' "#$% ! * AB)
"N6 l& x( l& x"Y "&%' "#$% ! * "N6 l& xh%F! B .Z# C Jˆ e#› C j%… 8 •
B j< %o dX i + vF!Ž "  ´$) "V5 .Vh "T STU 3$ ¥
."4% !U% "m7&>$ A%} !: P# 3F! Jm c%o "2 ]: A!#$
(=!( #1) ?#(@A =-5B
5.2.2
(ª %F! AB:) d! AB:)) "fv ,1 4m ;) "&%' N "7 AB' :!
no 3F!4 h4:$ ! A%\4 Q A%\4 ! AB:) ]: ,=7
! AB:) jBV .%F! AB:)  + d"&%' ! ! ªE ]: A!:5N Dho
.3N €%H E ;) s6 %F! AB:)
,- a e.q e` < Zh d,N’ P#%\ %
H a Z¯% Q %F! AB:–$ "N#
Y ¤> d" 9!4 +
"$ PTU Q / ]: <$ › !$ ."&%' "#$% ! * + AB B %F! AB:)
P#%7 3N €%H E ;) " 9!4 + "&%' AB) Z} 9 Z™4F .95&' "TU "_4 "#h
nN:>$ " XF! "m7& B!:) A%} Z}
d« a .Z¯% D H 3
F !F 8 e&%` %v6o "&5
.R "N5 AB' "&%' "#$% !N (D% / —U') A%\4 Q A%\4 D%
8 6%7 + 3N €%H E wq 9 h!$ "T a” dXF! <h 3v %H 9 "2 = a”
d ]: A: d"T a” .j!  BN: ]: =7 Z™4F 8 d"&%' AB) , 3
"#$% ! e_$ "N5 AB' < (W$! A% W° a "V) & XF! wq 9
]: !:5 "_$ ,H‰ B l <h a #° 9 ;) %O$ .%
a !2 "7 [%° W5Ž "™$ d"&%'
.!$ 36 + M 2 (% 9 Z™4F ""_4 ":% #°$" [%Ÿ ZH dÊ Q™ • ƒ
lm
;) Z¯% Q lm
D1 + 3vNF "&%' "#$% ! * AB) . XG 34 !` 9 P}F
.(2012 d"! 3N "NO) g%O` k ¢H a e!$ dZ¯%
( =-5B
6.2.2
:ZF + %O ;) "2 :! dl1 <h "Y
( & /
0 2 0
1.6.2.2
"2 a Œ D:!$ d"&%' N "N5 ABb "w "T "4 X6% wq 9 " 9!4 Z™4F
dA% Q nN 3N: €%H @ eF!$ 9F 9 a” j!  9 h4: + ,} ) ."! NO /
. ! a: ½™5F 9 "
45 "Y 3`% W$ ¥7 <h (!ŸF 9 D a
! * AB 35 3 a "Y 3`%‰ F NH ! a !$ d ;) "H1'$
!4 %` Œ$ d! !$ + de_$ "N "
F%m$ e#› C Y ! "&%' "#$%
.!$ 36 + A%v .
4 •!T W‘ d! a S%
j%F! ;) "&%' "#$% ! Z= a H!$ Nh WF d"
X&Y$ F NH
B a6 !F!Ž d ! , + "!5 B R& 9>7$ d"&%'
"N5 AB' <h H! 35F .|%E W$ a dB g<h a C#E dA%m@ %}T5
.95&' "TU "_4 ]: "4 fI j ]: A%m5 }E a a” ˜ d"&%' N
22
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
* AB) + N 3}H l4 9N1 3 a "
" LB4 "_4 QF 4m$ ]UF
l%7 ,}F . g<h A` AB Cƒ 8 ‹ [% "! QF A:% , d ! * AB' " 3`%N "$o QF d"T STU * kH 7F j< dWEELABEX
."&%' AB) a: "V5 6%7 "4% c%™$ ! N: j%… d"&%' "#$%
:(2011 dUNEP 1/INF/36 "
f) " B4 + %O D aNH d4 ;) "H1'$
(PACE)
,
N '! C=, <4! <" h= & /
0
•
A:% , dh%N: ]& 8  "N5 S 2 ! e_$ "N5 AB' ABFw ;) " LB4 g<h [!R
" LB4 i1 ! .A2 AB .w) nB4 qFq "!5 "N d":N "V5
]& 8  "N5 "$ 2 !N e_$ "N5 AB' 9>7$ B\) "
f :†&? t) + " #f
9>7$ Z !4 x`U) N% "N5 "$ 2 ! 4E + "_4 "5 9>7$ Z !4 xh%N:
!N B!2 ?: 3
9>7$ B\) xh%N: ]& 8 "$ 2 ! %F! AB:) B BB% + "_4 "5
."$ 2 ! 9>7$ 3N 3 a "6%7 Tm B%5 xh%N: ]& 8  "N5 "$ 2
(MPPI)
( tZ P h= #*
0 & /
0
•
]& 8  "N5 "
M AB–$ "
"
M + "6%7 AB4 " LB4 %H
 "N5 "
e_$ "N5 AB' 9>7$ B\) "
f :" #f " LB4 %H .h%N:
%F! AB:) B BB% 9>7$ Z !4 x"N5 "
M D% 9>7$ Z !4 xh%N: ]& 8
+ "6%7 AB4 Tm B%5 xj: DN 4: 9>7$ Z !4 xh%N: ]& 8 "
M
."
M
tX-; u
-. " Y0 _$ 4
2.6.2.2
A` AB "t' 3# 34 B…) ;) eN#B ]5 9 ! " 6%7 Z™4F
."_4 A:% %v6o B a hQ™$ N + "!5 A%m@ B a: "1 ]: 3N ! a l <h
d"&%' "#$% ! * ! n! ªE „` a e$…) eQf> "_4 Z:% DN %fVF 9 a”
a Xm nw$ " 9 Ã`& 9 D a . ªE 
Ž dB AB g<h AB) 35
.a˜ !` µB ;) A%m@ ! a !T H [%to
B
9 Z™4F d" 9!4 + ZN% Z:N (!& 
T "w ! BQ 3%F Z
.‹ [% "! !:
a "%U %v6 "f B ]: "FK ! BQ ]: "1%
8  "N5 "
e_$ "N5 AB' 9>7$ (MPPI) "
M + "6%7 AB4 B\) "
f
8 3 a B!: —% e% "
f g<h 9 9 a” .! g<h DN$  4: —%m 2h%N: ]&
:ZF 3v d ! DN !: 4: + h<E Z™4F
€U% :Zh “o BŽ A%m@ B !
k h%O` 8 i5 B 4: + <EV 9 X…
•
x? B! 3 Z#f 46% ? B! 3 Z#f VH Z ! % 4#q B
1
2 3045 67
8* 9 :!;< !=>? 0 #/0- )*+
,(- .( &'! $% !# 2
.4/1
2 !-
23
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
+ DhQ W!5 %F! AB:) 6%\ "NO _M , 5$ 3N 9 " 6%7 Z™4F
xi5 A%m@ B$ F NH Fo [%O %t !F!Ž
x! AB "f6 C#@ Q™ 9B d€U% "¾? m4v a "@ 3#!4 !F!Ž
"&) — 9 Z™4F j dB + Q™ XmŸ Z™4F d ¢ A!F! C#E m ,
x" ¢& ]: 3™7
wq 9 "NK S 2 Aq " M "
M 3v !N " 6%7 Z™4F
F@ 3v B F%t a: "Fm4 aT7 AB!= "m ! nE a "m ª " 6%7 aɔ ˜ dX m4v ;) "2 3
F Z™F 9 "m ª a” ."5N7
xA.$ AqN "&%' & ! ABFw 3v 3#!$ ;) nT a
"`% 9 F h d ! a "5 " 4 B %F! AB:) ,=7
+  4 3`% a: .™ a aɔ / ]: dB E + eB!7 %v6 9 9 X… DN
x%F! AB:) t
a !T e A!` a`7 n` , DN 9>7$ ITU-T L.1000 "U + %O
DN <h 35F . ! a " ":NŠ , "m . (&) a @ B ]: Xm a g!$ 3
F ˜ dAqo + "Bw XG "1 3F!4
•
•
•
•
•
•
3NŽ 9š D: WF aF< dW |! "F "_4 Z:% DN a 3… (EPR) " W= "V5 !4
.O 3FN AB!ž š e
H d"&%' "#$% ! * AB–$ "m4% 36 ª$
"A&A "5+1% @55
"!1 C
+0(9 ?5 ;?
7.2.2
:ZF ‰ "
&4 QH nE a "H¶% "m4 ,1 4m‰ qF 9 "&%' "#$% ! Z ]:
0 8 ! A%H ,N= ¥
& x"_4 "T ]: "NK %t xA%m@ B |ž
"&%' "#$% ! * , 3 !: "s>$ W5 ™4F 9 e}F W ]: X… .3N5Ÿ !
:c%™ <M DN Œ q% c%: F%t a: d"FB: N6
*$& # ./ 0&1!" 234 1 ()* + !,$ - :1 %&'$
89 :; <= >9 : ?@ 5 67 !$ :' 3# d"&%' "#$% ! !F "5 + "T STU "2 a ΠD:!$
;) 3N5Ÿ ! 0 8 ! X 9N1 "™$ dW5 W$ Z_4 Z: E + Z !$ e}F !$ 36 + D lm ªF ."V5 "
F%m$ 3N5 9 |%E W$ a d,N= ¥
&
. A%h° D=` a: aF!4 Q dS47 nto |! Z_4 Z: qFq + h
24
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
&(DA =-5B
8.2.2
9 e}F D a d"&%' "#$% AB) O "NO ":N ("_4) "
X&Y ;) "H1'$
.e "! .
4 S4 >$ B qF 9 X… O 9o d"FB X&Y + %OŸF
'! <4!J '! K L - . +
,& '!4 = #*. P 9
4$; v7 1.8.2.2
- . +
,& 37 ! "&%' "#$% Aq‡ "7 AB' 9 P1 a
W$ 9w 
Ž "s n) !: , dA!` ]: !$ 3$ "U@ [%O .1 + Ž WF 8 nN:o €% e!
[%m ª , R !` + "FB !#H Y Z5$ ]>F Sm %fo 9o x":N "_4 "FB X&Y
." 9!4 + N d%
a !2 "_4 !# a AB' g<h Ë a 9F 9 Z™4F N:
"#$% Aqo %F! AB:) ":U i&6 2006 : + d(IAER) &%' %F! j! "! "N= e
H
0 ./ ,- + "Y "mž 500 + C\ 19 000 / ‹ 3NF B 1,5 qh "F e`$ ! "&%'
"#$% ! * AB) 9 ]: ah?F j< %o (2008 d|%E Kahhat a: e
& d2006 dIAER)
." 9!4 + N d"F™ "FqŠ "§% AG 9 9 a” "&%'
dk: .B%F) H% 3v‘ R* 3N5Ÿ ! 0 8 "&%' "#$% ! AB) 3`% a "`% 36
"! " |!Y 3T A6K (ˆ 4m ]: jm !$ ,m}F 9 !$ 3 aÅmœ a5` a
jB%H / ]: )) AB "45& "w "T "4 :3v Q™ 4: W$ <Eo , d" hF5
! N6 x3N5Ÿ ! 0 8 ! l% aN} X x("
m + |%E 9!$ , "6%\ t) + j!  x ! A%\4 Q A%\4 ! AB:) xA! AB5
 9 4: + <Eo , d3N €%H a !Fq ! 3 a j!  qFq + A% 3vN) Z&
 + ‰) A%m@ C#@  B AB) x"O B %F! AB:) x(]: "™7 ]: jmF Z&
.(Fm4 "FBf "\o X$& ":4m ! —
8 "&%' "#$% ! l% x(A>7) "T "4 + Œo Nv : &' B$ ?6 9 9 P%F
"Nv 9B 3H dv Fm4 "FBf "\o X$& AB) x(4m S o X5`) 3N5Ÿ ! 0
T "F!F!2 9B l% a ! BF ! ,$ a ¤> 9 PQH Dho !# ."
v AB
e: "w "T "4 37 d" 9!4 "` + .":4m ! — + AB AB "Nv 9B
":4m ! — %F! 9 4: + <Eo , d(AB "Nv 9B) "N B "K AB WN e5#
.k4G Z™4F " 9!4 ;)
! * ! ! a !2) J
H "_4 i5 ,H ! " "N6 ! AB:) qFq ]EF )
,N=Ÿ 9 j%} a d4t + "FB e}F 3$ d("N% A= C
) ":N ("&%' "#$%
+ "&%' "#$% ! g<‹ È` 9!5 (p „§ X i + 3N5Ÿ ! 0 8 !
g!$ <h dnt 4 %N$ O aN1 MEB) AB:) <$ aN}ŸH daq a "Ft % DN: a6 DMw
D:B a  3$
F , d! AB:' "$
! + $ ,H%F ! AB:) ! a !FqF
.(2011 dHoyos, J.) O ?6 Œ
- . +
,& '! #*% O
X- <)4 )
5 ue
4
2.8.2.2
"#$% ! * AB) O& 3FN " "FB (N !F!Ž a 9!4 a B!: "$%G iÆ
:ΠT ]: d"&%'
25
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
B & <)w
•
! AB) " 3$
F ‰ .%7 i + 5 ;) kNŽ de
45 %F! AB:) D ,HB ]: @ <h jmF
9 d"#% 9 9>$ ]UF a d5N "#% Q "#% % 9 ! .h%N: "F› ;) 3 !: A!F!Y
dAstaíza dM.) k$ 9s5F !
H%F 9 X… W5 9o dN6 A aNv "m$ ]: 3
5 !46 %O
d@ <‹ ."FB "Fq a dnV5 "s>$ F NH Z: |5 ,H ]: !:5F <h .(2010
"FB "! 9N} Z ! 5 s5 9o de
#: 37F <h d" "V5 "= "Y 3NT " W= "V5 !4 , † <h cF d ]: A: ."&%' "#$% ! * AB) O
.5 : ]: " "V5$ Z
F d"_4 Z:% DN ,1 9B np (EPR)
D: "2 g<h + d,- "m
& ;) 3N5Ÿ ! 0 ! AB:) W5N a” „` d(N <h ]: ,F h
.%\ !: "!5 ! D5 "&%' AB' n a e™4 H!F 9
qH` j !
F no @ 9o dX Q <h 3FN (ˆ .(A!`$ A!`) B: DE %5$ d !F!Y
d! DRB:) !: ,H! a S% n QH 95 3}F ) d"N5 "&%' "#$% ! AB:'
. ! nV5 qH` j !
F uv @ 9 W` +
')* P $
&A <)w
•
AB) O& 3F‘ a: "V5 9:w 95 9N’ 9B5 9 ;F d(N <h +
! l& ]: F <h dA2 AB "F› + DR= Z_4 %fo 5 + D67  ]: "&%'
8 —$o a (N <h ! .% "K no ¤> 9 Z™4F . 5 + iEB 8 "&%' "#$%
"V5 9:w 95 9= 3NTF "2 g<h + . ! ,$ a i
Ž
a: |>F !
$ d ",H!F •" !4 , !` ;) cF † <h ."N "”!
! AB) a: "
.O "FB "! 9N} eH6 9F ! d5
B & ')* P $
&A <)w
•
,$ a i
Ž 8 —$o a ¤>F 9 Z™4F) n a ¨4 ,HB W:w W5 W ]: WF d(N <h +
! l Z_4 %fo 5 + D67 4: W$ <Eo , d("&%' "#$% !
! AB) "V5 A6< ": Y 3NT .h%N: "F› ;) 3 !: "5 ."N "”!
.%\ j !: Z#% D h de
45 %F! AB:) D ,HB F%t a: O 3F‘ + 5 Dh5F dn ¢& ]:
! ›6 „` a !‰ U X5` "s5 ƒ ! .A!F! !
, d?6 "s5 ¨4 9F 9 Z™4F dAQEo "2 + .(nN:o ± 6%7) (ZK Œ­) 5
."_4 ]: hQf> 3N5Ÿ ! 0 8 "&%' "#$% ! "N6 l& A:%
.!$ 3 "U@ [%O , X F ‰ , d" 9!4 "` + (N <h ! —%
F
P1 a .k§ k! 9N1 + "&%' AB' O& < !: "5#% F!T !` 3vNF
de! "% "Y H% "&%' "#$% ! "
45 "Y 3™7 .7&' "FNv 9
"I !F!T 3\ 3Ž .%) A%} Z}
< .e45& AQ™U - a” 8 A= ! N6 9
N§ d"&%' AB' |%Eo 3`% "5 "5 "m™ A.6 %v6o 3FN
.Fqƒ a e!$ 3N5Ÿ ! 0 8 DR! D5 "s>$ ! Z5 ":
26
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
"_h "$ [%\) iŽ ™ S5` €E !U + W 3F‘ (ˆ F%t a: ,N=Ÿ 8 no lB 9 Z™4F
a ¤> 3E! , S52 <h a: "G !# !U%Ÿ 9 a” ."2 [%t a c%™ <M " "UE ":
."N "”!
! AB) 3FN %™
;$ E+? D FG.
9.2.2
AB) O& + "67 ": Y * ]: "$% [%\' "V5 "* ": 3¶NŽ 9 "T a”
P# "&%' "#$% ! * 9>7$ "4 " 5 nv 9N1 [!‹  d"&%' "h­ "H7 X 4: .F) , d"NO A$ .%' g<h < Z™4F .!$ 36 + " 
.A.
"51
10.2.2
 "FB' $
3N7 ! ."F%w "#q "FB) $
$ ":7 "$% [%\' .%) 9 9 a”
! a” d%™ c%H "&%' "#$% ! * j%F! a "™7 "_4 CE% XT $
9 9 X… ."N "”!
! AB) 3FN $
g<h !#:
.":B " , "4 "H "1%
*#
"$)%
"_4 RUE 3H d" 9!4 + "&%' AB' Œv !` (ˆ !F 3v‘ 9!4 ,- W$ "6%7 3 ª$ h 9 !$ ."H
v "FB " ":N
."&%' "#$% ! * 9>7$ " j "U + "5#% 4:
d2 a Qv6 + ."N% A= C
"H% ,N=‰ T " 9!4 "` ¢‘
! AB:' `U !: W4F "N5 ! ;) "2 g<h jBV
.RB) W 8 "&%' "#$% ! * D=` + AQ46 ABFw + X45F ˜ dA%\4 Q A%\4
x! g<h 3v nEB J4} "T1 QF aN} 9!4  9 a !6> X… <
A<EI d"&%' "#$% ! e_$ "N5 AB' q 9 " 9!4 + T D a
j< ± S} a D% ]: dŒ2 ,1 W5T "% P# 5 BN: nE a AB4 w
+ A! "&%' $ " 9!4 %) ;) Z}F ": Y * W$ e&` >7F 9 a”
x. !` ]: (@ 3E!
E + %O 9 " 9!4 Z™4F d(EPR) " W= "V5 !4 < + 9!4 * A?E ;) eB BQ :ZF ‰ "
n2 X& ;) d"&%' "#$% ! * 9>7$ R + !4 <‹ <Eo
8 [!ho ,1 + (! d"T STU V5 xR* "&%' "#$% ! %F!
"T "4) "
X&Y x(XF! "N) ":N X&Y x O& x
Ž Z™4F
Z5 ": :) xO&o (&' "_4 Z:% DN x("
" LB4 O& 3FN "FB (N xnN:o €%H) "FB X&Y x !
x$
xO ]: "$% [%\' x("&%' "#$% ! * AB)
"! |5 ]: " 9!4 + "&%' "#$% ! * AB) 9>7$ ": " BN: Z™4F
"#$% ! * 3
]: q6% , d"&%' "#$% ! ! AB:) ,=7
xh%F! AB:) "&%'
27
3
•
•
•
•
•
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
9o d%F! AB:) "6 ]: ! AB:) "6 " 9!4 + AB) P% 9>$ ]UF
B (% Xm ›o d"m 3 ]: jm 9$% ! + A.6 %v6 ;o
xA!F! "
W 4: + <E> 9 " 9!4$ a5p d"&%' "#$% ! * 9>7$ R ,1 !:
"
` dPE-CONS 2/12 “o BŽ k + AB "&%' "#$% !N i5 _H
xe-) "_H 3 AB!K C# AB' < 35 3 a dA!` ]: DÆO 9 a” "_H 36 9
a "_4 Z:% DN a: e}H d"&%' $ F NH $ „T4 wq 9 "T D a
a !2 g<h AB) 35 + "5#% 3 Zh  9 4:$ d" 6%7 X&
x‹ "m4%
<h 9o d"&%' N "N5 AB' 3 a BN: 3
& t 9!4 36 Xm "&%' "#$% ! * D=` djB Z:N 1 ]: :|%E W$ a d!N
xj! 3  ,NY 3v 3`% + " |
]: Xm xkB) W j<
- D5 8 d" 9!4 "` + . * 9>7$ "N#
P# x"N
"hV Q " ! 3N €%H ! ]: ?6 "!$ q6% XF 9 Z™4F d"m4 %
! l$
x"&%' "#$% ! * AB) "N: a .q=6
QF 9!4 !N 9 —%
ŸF d"&%' "#$% ! N e_$ "N5 AB' 3 a
"_4 ]: "NK "45 Qf> a !2 "™$ t <6 Œ! ! ]: ‹ [% ]} N
x"&%' N "N5 Q "Y a: "- 95&' "TU
(AB "Nv 9B) "N
B BB% "K "T "4 %Fm eB n<4 9 t 9!4 D a
.7&) nE a dPT k ]: "&%' "#$% ! F
$ + AB A%m@ AB)
;) d%F! AB:) X "h "TU a 
T "š %Nm , "& %@ 9%H %2 mž +
3
& Œ$ ,” B!2 ?: A%m@ 3
a !2 a: ™F ˜ d"U " "
QF ;) eB d
x"w "T "4$ Aq’ Q 9!4 ;) "7
A! B BB% : jmF 8 N < "w "T "4 .7&) wq 35 9 "T Z™4F
3v n ) a: .™ Œ$ d + AB (AB "Nv 9B)
x" 9!4 + g<h m45 8 A%v .
$ 9N1 d"N AB' ,} (@ ;) g<h
[!ho 3F! ,1 d"&%' "#$% ! Jm N: %Fm$ %o F !:
"T STU kF<™F !$ 36 "` g%F! kN
O& B ?ŸF d"$% [%\' " ˜
xB! <h + e5# e: 9%Eš
WN#
W= WN A
6 j%m
ZN' |5 ]: %F! AB:' " "NO .7&–$ ]UF
"#$% ! * + AB AB 9B B & 9>7$ nB4 a %F! AB:–$
+ e}F A6< "Y "NO 9 .ZK |5 ]: D / ]: N: AB) qFq "™$ d"&%'
" "&%' "#$% ! * %F! 8 Y$ "
"
»!
a ” ,1
x!
8 !@ Z |5 ]:
" 9!4 ;) "¾ % "&%' "#$% ! * AB' "N° P# 5 B!:–$ ]UF
!H jo AB P "
F%m$ "_4 ":N "FB X&Y W$ J$% "N 35F Œ¬  ]:
DO + D}F j< dZ¯% Q lm
(B–$ PN5 d"&%' "#$% ! * AB) nN: ;)
x95 a e&%` %v6o P#%7 2
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
28
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
]: "&%' "#$% ! * AB) + "67 & 3 %
F j%} a
3$ !4 8 e}F 3N7F 9 d(nv 34 ]: ":4m ! —) 3E! ! 8
Qv6 + .(hQ d3#5 n5F% \\ d"FBf "\o X$& \\ 3v) A%m@ B "Y "2
a 36 a "F!
s5 kF<™ 3F‘ O& a 3… ˜ dÅ3E! 9 a” d2 a
xk: ½ e% ! Z5 Z=
nV5 ! AB:' †F% d"2 <6 dW:w W5 W=N D a
†h + l1 <h (B) d 34 + n 3# * ° d"&%' "#$% !
(3#M) hˆ / gG 9o dA! "&%' N6 a !T "=% 6 dS47 nto D
xDhB %mÌ <F
hB n) 9B d"&%' "#$% ! N AB) O& < .7&) 35 9 "T Z™4F
h!N 8 F%7 nv 9N1 [!‹  d"h­ "H7 QF ;) eB dk: “% +%\'
xl1 <h 9>7$
%O " a A!#H %v6o hF5 a !6> a DN A6ž (ˆ !5 " 9!4 Z™4F
9B dR* A= "&%' "#$% ! AB) O "! " ":= aN} 8 "FB
xB7 %fo 
Ž 3 a d":N "_4 "FB X&Y W$ 9w ") n)
—%
F < .9>7 <h + "N "
$5 A?@ ?Ÿ d"&%' "#$% ! * AB) P# < !:
a "`% 36 + >7 ! 8 45 ]: [ [!‹ d" t 9!4 + M (%F A!# †%$ <
 v 8 367 ]: d"N "` a "&%' "#$% ! * AB) 3`%
!4 < x<$ "m4% $ Z¯% Q lm
†B Fq x3N5Ÿ ! 0 8 DR! D5 9>7$
. ;) d(EPR) " W= "V5
29
•
•
•
•
•
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
+,& -
a: dA%mE * F
$ D} 8 BN "F%2 "N
"
4 "N
BB% "N: :U
"/ )' #
$%
.(2005 d46 d4741 MADS %) — %F! AB:) AB%6 " F%t
[!R Zh .eH%t 170 " g<h D} .F a hQ A%m@ n [%to AB! "_$ A!h :9a
, 5
?: & 3 a: dF a hQ A%m@ ! a: "- A} fš a 95&' "TU "_4 "F® ;)
F 5 +  q` iEB 1989 : + %© &Nv %E + nw$ " 9>7$ c |% . C B!2
.("&4 '$ http://www.basel.int/Home/tabid/2202/Default.aspx) 1992
S 2 NŠ & !  :)' #
$. y /*
8 k35 v? y /y .BB% "N ABFw %F! AB:) E , / B 3H 3 a
F %` nq nw$ " a ,$% T + AB!K N :
_+
& • X= "NN nUo X5` "`4 eE A* , + dh%F! AB:) < 8  eUE dA%m@
.(2005 d46 d4741 MADS %) "_4 95&' "TU a n %t* %1 j
"FB' "mm " "™7 "NO " 5 Q$! a "$7 "m$% "6 :
= #*.
C £` A%m@ F ! a "F a e.!$ d"$% "4 "N
"N ":N
.F) , dM Z:N n4
"Y N: a ]v "FB A!# 
Ž "_4 ,H W> Q@ d Z#
.(2005 d46 d4741 MADS %) "
m "`& 36 [%° `$ X Nh
, ;) "% "m7&o + dX T ]: "NŠ |B%H d"w Q$! ,- BN: :
= A
!
Y :% / h%F! AB:) & Fqƒ - h>7 + Mq: &) A%m@ F 8 "N#! / "V A} fš a "_4 "F%74 "T "F® 3 a dh%F! hBQ e#› C /
.(2005 d46 d4741 MADS %) F g<h 3v a: D= !
;) 850 W$ —% A%` B + ·N2 F Q! %2 "F%2 "Y :^N
."F_ "B 1 100 a %v6
= 8 "&%' "#$% ! * : " z
(WEEE)
- . +
,& '! .% o
"&%' "#$% ! * :
h= " & &A (WEEE) - . +
,& '! ."U@ " 5 V a: "G
5 + i`%©t 8 "&%' "#$% ! * :{'( (WEEE) - . +
,& '! . g<M "N° "&&
`o & .!$ 34
8 "Y [%Ÿ 8 "&%' "#$% ! * :4
- . +
,& '! . 5 a i%E ! "Y g<h 9 U
(WEEE)
&4 ž O 3v "m7& nE a "˜% AB!Š "&%) "#$%6 ! ]: n2 "N: :
." ! ` + `U' aN} 9 a” .†? „F!Ž
.(EEE) "&%' "#$% ! + nm:o a "5 W B: 3m: PT "N: :q?1.
30
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
0 8 "&%' "#$% ! ,- / AB " "Y g< .%) : ! " U
."&%' "#$% ! * AB–$ "* H% D% q6% ;) & d!5Ÿ !
N$ ! q` ;) "° R& |!`) "&%' "#$% ! |!`) AB:) :O' #
$%
.—U' D% !$  
TF ‰ de!F! e%N: mF ˜ dk$7 3N$ k5&
"2 9B dR& "&%' "#$% ! ! "U‰ 9f !5 :#:
0 O' #
$%
.eU k a ! iU j< c%™ ! <h 3v 9F 9 ¥%\ dB: „F!Ž D% `U'
`U) .%) !$ "&%' "#$% & !N 9f !5 ! :#:
0 F8 O' #
$%
.eU k a ! iU j< c%™ ! <h 3v 9F 9 ¥%\ dB: „F!Ž D%
= B l}E) + 3vN 8 dnw$ "$ .$ ,$% T + : € "  N :)' #
$%
.!F! † E AB ]: nT "& "#N6 "#FqH "Y A! (WEEE) "!5
DN5 =& 3: 36· "445 d#E 37 ! F& * :#3D )
" "_4 qŸ` ?Ÿ d3v$ .N‹ e%1 T d"_4 95&' "TU ]: e%mE dZ:\' ¥7 |! n\
.(2005 d46 d4741 MADS %) A%mE F& * B g<h , ‘ ]: i&6 8 ™
B ª$ ]: eB ,}F j< 2002/95/CE “o 9? k ;) Q7F :(RoHS) #3D '(
:J$%) 2003 %F?H + “o BŽ g!N: ! d"&%' "#$% ! + A%m@
.(http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/weee/index_en.htm
+ ‰ d(WEEE) "&%' "#$% ! * "Y A>7 + Z& Z#N6 Z#FqH ¥7& j :A
!
. C B!:' h%F! AB:) B BB% $ NH 3 A%m@ &  
.PT k ]: a ,ŸU 8 "° jBVF 9 ME a# ,ŸF 8 A!
"q A! :#
N #*
31
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
&.% /0
(5&%H) "m AB) "_4 "6
(African ICT Consumers Network) "
F%Ho Z5 "4\
(Advance recycling fee) %F! AB:' 45 D %
(Basel Convention Regional Centre) nw$ " ZN' q6%
$ "$% "
mN "N "_4 q6%
(Environment and Energy Management Agency (France))
ADEME
AICN
ARF
BCRC
CEDARE
(Center for Environment and Development for the Arab Region and Europe)
"&%' %F! AB:' t q6%
(Chlorofluorocarbon) "F "F 9$% 46%
(Cathode ray tube) jBf l7 S4&
(Department of Information Technology & Telecom) A%#B
"‘o %Fm "N $% "mž
(National e-waste recycling centre)
CENARE
CFC
CRT
DITT
EDERA
(Educational robotics and automation development station)
"&%' "#$% !
B "F%5F5 "FBŽ ?
(Electrical and Electronic Equipment)
EEE
EMPA
(Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology)
" W= "V5
(International Association of Electronics Recyclers) &%' %F! AB:' "! "NY
(Information and communication technologies) (ICT data and statistics) .`) &$
Z_4 9&
&) < “o BŽ "4\
(Extended producer responsibility)
EPR
IAER
ICTs
IDS
IMPEL
(European Union Network for the Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental Law)
Œ! BŽ
(Liquid crystal display) 3#5 n5F% "\\
(Mobile Phone Partnership Initiative) 3
M "6%\ AB4
"#$% "&! = a C "F!M "NY
(International Telecommunication Union)
ITU
LCD
MPPI
NVMP
(Dutch Association for the Disposal of Metal and Electrical Products)
"­ "&%' "#$% ! n 5 "6
OCAD3E
(Household WEEE Authorized Coordinator Agency)
C :% "&%' "#$% ! AB:) %
ORDEA
(Ordinance on the Return, the Take-back and the Disposal of EEE)
"$ 2 ! 9>7$ .%' "6%\
(Polychlorinated biphenyls) A B! 3 Z#f 46%
(Printed circuit board) ":4m AB "`
(Producer Responsibility Organization) † "V5 "NO
(Polyvinyl chloride) B! !F6
(Partnership for Action on Computing Equipment)
PACE
PCB
PCB
PRO
PVC
32
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
"&%' "#$% ! * 9>7$ ²F c` " F%o ZN' †&?
RELAC
(Regional Latin American and Caribbean Platform for WEEE)
A%m@ B !
(Swiss Foundation for Waste Management) AB' "F%5F5 "5 V
LBM JTN ZN' "_4 †&%$ "&
(Restriction of hazardous substances)
RoHS
SENS
SPREP
(Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme)
"&%' "7 3` AB4
"NO N "F%5F5 "NY
(Solving the e-waste Problem Initiative)
StEP
SWICO
(Swiss Association for Information, Communication and Organizational Technologies)
"_4 A!T Do †&%$
(5&) "H
v D "$% A!T Do "NO
(United Nations Environment Programme)
UNEP
UNESCO
(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)
A!T Do "
(Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) "&%' "#$% ! *
(WEEE LABel of EXcellence) "&%' "#$% ! * "Y + qN A\
(United Nations University)
33
UNU
WEEE
WEELABEX
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
12#(
Astaíza, María F. Análisis de la gestión de terminales de telefonía móvil en desuso en Latinoamérica
[Analysis of the management of disused mobile phone terminals in Latin America]. Plataforma RELAC –
SUR/IDRC. March 2010.
Computadores para Educar [Computers for education]. Document 1/RGQ 24/1/008-S, ITU-D, SG 1
Question 24/1. Colombia, September 2012.
European Parliament and Council of the European Union. Directive PE-CONS 2/12. Brussels, May 2012.
MPPI. UNEP/Basel Convention. Guidance document on the environmentally sound management of used
and end-of-life mobile phones. September 2008.
Hoyos, Juan C. Desarrollo y Aplicación de un Modelo de Simulación de un Sistema de Gestión de Residuos
de Aparatos Eléctricos y Elecrónicos Asociados a las TIC en Colombia para Analizar su Viabilidad
Económica y Financiera [Development and application of a simulation model for ICT-related waste
electrical and electronic equipment in Colombia with a view to analysing its economic and financial
viability]. National University of Colombia, 2011.
Karin Lundgren. International Labour Office, Programme on Safety and Health at Work and the
Environment (SafeWork), Sectoral Activities Department (SECTOR). – Geneva: ILO, 2012.
United Nations. Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and
their Disposal, 2013. Downloaded 8 March 2013 from http://archive.basel.int/index.html.
Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), Switzerland. Electrical and Electronic Devices,
Documents 1/INF/40E and 2/INF/45E, 2011.
Ott, Daniel. Gestión de Residuos Electrónicos en Colombia. Diagnóstico de computadores y teléfonos
celulares [Management of e-waste in Colombia. Diagnostics of computers and cell phones]. EMPA/Centro
Nacional de Producción más Limpia, March 2008.
Plataforma RELAC. Lineamientos para la Gestión de los Residuos de Aparatos Eléctricos y Electrónicos
(RAEE) en Latinoamérica: resultados de una mesa regional de trabajo público-privado [Guidelines for
management of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in Latin America: Results of a regional
public-private symposium]. Proyecto Regional sobre Armonización de la Gestión de Residuos Electrónicos
en Latinoamérica. March 2011.
UNEP. Guidance on the Environmentally Sound Management of Used and End-of-life Mobile Phones and
Computing Equipment and Experience with E-waste Management in Developing Countries and Countries
with Economies in Transition. Document 1/INF/36-E, ITU-D, SG1 Question 24/1. August 2011.
UNEP. Proposal to develop guidance for the practical implementation of a life-cycle approach for ICT
equipment in technical assistance and capacity building projects (Document 1/286E, 2013).
UNEP. Document 1/INF/36-E, 2011.
BDT Focal Point for Question 24/1. ITU Activities in the area of electronic waste. Document 1/205-E,
ITU-D, SG 1 Question 24/1. September 2012.
BDT Focal Point for Question 24/1. ITU Activities in the area of electronic waste. Document 1/108-E,
ITU-D, SG 1 Question 24/1. August 2011.
BDT Focal Point for Question 24/1. Lessons learned on e-waste. Document RGQ24/1/005-E, ITU-D, SG 1
Question 24/1. April 2011.
African ICT Consumer Network (AICN). Droits et responsabilités des consommateurs : Historique et
signification. Document 1/273-F, 2013.
Kingdom of Bhutan. E-waste management in Bhutan. Document RGQ24/1/15-E, ITU-D, SG 1
Question 24/1. March 2012.
Republic of Benin. A useful example for the work of the Rapporteur Group. Document RGQ24/1/2-E,
2011.
Republic of Colombia Ministry of ICT. Survey on telecommunication/ICT waste material.
Document 1/95-E, ITU-D, SG 1 Question 24/1. August 2011.
Republic of Colombia Ministry of ICT. ITU Activities in the Area of e-Waste. Document RGQ24/1/014-E,
ITU-D, SG 1 Question 24/1. April 2011.
Republic of Korea. Standardization activities to facilitate recycling of rare metals from ICT waste.
Document 1/182-E, ITU-D, SG 1 Question 24/1. August 2012.
34
/ ! 24/1 "#
$%& '
Republic of Korea. Methodology to facilitate recycling of rare metals from ICT waste.
Document 1/INF/30-E, ITU-D, SG 1 Question 24/1. August 2011.
Republic of Rwanda. Update on Rwanda activities on E-Waste Management. Document RGQ24/1/21-E,
ITU-D, SG 1 Question 24/1. February 2012.
Republic of Rwanda. Strategies and policies for the proper disposal of e-waste in Rwanda. Document
RGQ24/1/004-E, ITU-D, SG 1 Question 24/1. March 2012.
Federative Republic of Brazil. Computers for Connection. Document RGQ24/1/20-E, ITU-D, SG 1
Question 24/1. February 2013.
Federative Republic of Brazil. Electronic waste – mobile phones. Document RGQ24/1/16-E, ITU-D, SG 1
Question 24/1. April 2012.
UNEP Secretariat of the Basel Convention. Contribution to the report with recommendations and actions
to be taken by developing countries to implement a comprehensive system of management of
telecommunications/ICT waste. Document RGQ24/1/12-E, ITU-D, SG 1 Question 24/1. February 2012.
StEP Solving the e-waste problem. Sustainable innovation and technology transfer. Industrial Sector
Studies. Recycling – from e-waste to resources. (2009). Downloaded 22 May 2013 from
http://www.unep.org/pdf/pressreleases/E-waste_publication_screen_finalversion-sml.pdf.
Switzerland. Electrical and Electronic Devices. Document 1/INF/40-E, ITU-D, SG 1 Question 24/1.
August 2011.
Tanzania. Strategies and policies for the proper disposal or reuse of telecommunication/ICT waste
material. Document 1/99-E, ITU-D, SG 1 Question 24/1. 22 August 2011.
THALES Communications (France). European Directive of 2012 on waste electrical and electronic
equipment (WEEE). Document 1/145-E, ITU-D, SG 1 Question 24/1. July 2012.
THALES Communications (France). European Business
Document 1/141-E, ITU-D, SG 1 Question 24/1. June 2012.
Awards
for
the
Environment
2012.
Thales Communications (France). Electronic waste material: recycling aspects (United Nations, Basel
Convention). Document RGQ24/1/3-E, ITU-D, SG 1 Question 24/1. March 2011.
THALES Communications (France). Recommendation ITU-T L.1001. Document RGQ24/1/19-E, ITU-D, SG 1
Question 24/1. November 2012.
THALES Communications (France). Ecolabels for electronic products: EPEAT and IT Eco Declaration: EPEAT
and IT “Eco Declaration”. Document 1/259-E, 2013.
ITU-D. ICT Statistics. (2013). Downloaded 15 May 2013, from http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/statistics
ITU-T Study Group 5. Liaison Statement concerning on ICT and Climate Change Mitigation.
Document 1/156-E. April 2012.
Vega, Jorge J. Las TIC como Motor de Desarrollo Económico con Oportunidad Social [ICTs as a motor of
economic development with social opportunities]. Argentina, June 2009.
35
(ITU) ������� �����
(BDT) ������� �����
�����
����
����� ����
Place des Nations
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Email: mailto:bdtdirector@itu.int
Tel.: +41 22 730 5035/5435
Fax: +41 22 730 5484
������ ������ ������� ��� �����
(IP)
��������� ��������� �����
(PKM)
Email: bdtpkm@itu.int
Tel.: +41 22 730 5447
Fax: +41 22 730 5484
Email: bdtip@itu.int
Tel.: +41 22 730 5900
Fax: +41 22 730 5484
��������� ������� ������� ������ �����
(IEE) ���������� ����������
Email: bdtiee@itu.int
Tel.: +41 22 730 5421
Fax: +41 22 730 5484
������ ����� ����� ����� ����
(DDR) �������� ������
Email: bdtdeputydir@itu.int
Tel.: +41 22 730 5784
Fax: +41 22 730 5484
�������
����� ������ ����
����� ������ ����
����� ������ ����
����� ������� TelOne Centre for Learning
Corner Samora Machel and
Hampton Road
P.O. Box BE 792 Belvedere
Harare – Zimbabwe
19, Rue Parchappe x Amadou
Assane Ndoye
Immeuble Fayçal, 4e étage
B.P. 50202 Dakar RP
Dakar – Sénégal
Immeuble CAMPOST, 3e étage
Boulevard du 20 mai
Boîte postale 11017
Yaoundé – Cameroun
P.O. Box 60 005
Gambia Rd., Leghar ETC Building
3rd floor
Addis Ababa – Ethiopia a
E-mail: itu-harare@itu.int
Tel.: +263 4 77 59 41
Tel.: +263 4 77 59 39
Fax: +263 4 77 12 57
E-mail: itu-dakar@itu.int
Tel.: +221 33 849 77 20
Fax: +221 33 822 80 13
E-mail:
Tel.:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
Tel.:
Tel.:
Tel.:
Fax:
itu-yaounde@itu.int
+ 237 22 22 92 92
+ 237 22 22 92 91
+ 237 22 22 92 97
itu-addis@itu.int
+251 11 551 49 77
+251 11 551 48 55
+251 11 551 83 28
+251 11 551 72 99
���������
�������
����
����� ������ ����
�������
����� ������ ����
�������
����� ������� ����� ������ ����
Colonia Palmira, Avenida Brasil
Ed. COMTELCA/UIT 4 Piso
P.O. Box 976
Tegucigalpa – Honduras
Merced 753, Piso 4
Casilla 50484, Plaza de Armas
Santiago de Chile – Chile
United Nations House
Marine Gardens
Hastings – Christ Church
P.O. Box 1047
Bridgetown – Barbados
SAUS Quadra 06 Bloco “E”
11 andar – Ala Sul
Ed. Luis Eduardo Magalhães (AnaTel)
70070-940 – Brasilia, DF – Brasil
E-mail: itutegucigalpa@itu.int
Tel.: +504 2 2 201 074
Fax: +504 2 2 201 075
E-mail: itusantiago@itu.int
Tel.: +56 2 632 6134/6147
Fax: +56 2 632 6154
E-mail: itubridgetown@itu.int
Tel.: +1 246 431 0343/4
Fax: +1 246 437 7403
E-mail: itubrasilia@itu.int
Tel.: +55 61 2312 2730-1
Tel.: +55 61 2312 2733-5
Fax: +55 61 2312 2738
������� ����� �������
����� ����� � ����
������ �����
������
����� ������� ����� ������� ���������
����� ������ ����
����� ������ ����
4, Building 1
Sergiy Radonezhsky Str.
Moscow 105120
Russian Federation
Sapta Pesona Building, 13th floor
JI. Merdan Merdeka Barat No. 17
Jakarta 10001 – Indonesia
Thailand Post Training Center, 5th floor,
111 Chaengwattana Road, Laksi
Bangkok 10210 – Thailand
Mailing address:
P.O. Box 25 – Moscow 105120
Russian Federation
Mailing address:
c/o UNDP – P.O. Box 2338
Jakarta 10001 – Indonesia
Mailing address
P.O. Box 178, Laksi Post Office
Laksi, Bangkok 10210 – Thailand
E-mail: itumoskow@itu.int
Tel.: +7 495 926 60 70
Fax: +7 495 926 60 73
E-mail:
Tel.:
Tel.:
Tel.:
Fax:
E-mail:
Tel.:
Tel.:
Fax:
itujakarta@itu.int
+62 21 381 35 72
+62 21 380 23 22
+62 21 380 23 24
+62 21 389 05 521
������� �����
itubangkok@itu.int
+66 2 574 8565/9
+66 2 574 9326/7
+66 2 574 9328
Smart Village, Building B 147, 3rd floor
Km 28 Cairo – Alexandria Desert Road
Giza Governorate
Cairo – Egypt
E-mail: itucairo@itu.int
Tel.: +20 2 35 37 17 77
Fax: +20 2 35 37 18 88
������
(BDT)
������� ����� ����
����� �����
(EUR) ������ ����
(ITU) �������
Place des Nations
CH-1211 Geneva 20 – Switzerland
E-mail: eurregion@itu.int
Tel.: +41 22 730 5111
‫لالتصال بنا‬
:‫املوقع اإللكرتوين‬
www.itu.int/pub/D-STG/ :‫املكتبة اإللكرتونية لالحتاد‬
devsg@itu.int :‫الربيد اإللكرتوين‬
+41 22 730 5999 :‫الـهـاتــف‬
www.itu.int/ITU-D/study_groups
‫‪1‬‬
‫المسألــة ‪ :24/1‬استراتيجيات وسياسات للتخلص السليم من مواد مخلفات االتصاالت‪/‬تكنولوجيا المعلومات واالتصاالت أو إعادة استخدامها‬
‫االحتـ ــاد الـ ــدويل لالتصـ ــاالت‬
‫مكـتب تنمي ـ ــة االتص ـ ــاالت‬
‫‪Place des Nations‬‬
‫‪CH-1211 Geneva 20‬‬
‫‪Switzerland‬‬
‫‪www.itu.int‬‬
‫‪01/2014‬‬
‫ ‪20 10 -2 0 14‬‬
‫طبع يف سويسرا‬
‫جنيف‪2014 ،‬‬
‫الـتـق ـريــر الـنـهــائــي‬
‫قطاع تنمية االتصاالت لجنة الدراسات ‪1‬‬
‫ال ـم ـس ــأل ـ ــة‬
‫‪24 /1‬‬
‫اسـتراتـيجـيــات وسيـاســات للـتـخـلـص‬
‫الـسـلـيـم مـن م ــواد مـخـلـف ــات‬
‫االتـصــاالت‪/‬تـكـنــولــوجـيــا الـمـعـلــومــات‬
‫واالتـصــاالت أو إعــادة اسـتـخـدامـه ــا‬
‫فرتة الدراسة اخلامسة‬
‫قطـ ــاع تنمي ـ ــة االتصـ ـ ـ ـ ــاالت‬
‫‪2014-2010‬‬
Download