2 0 0 7 G L OBA L S CHOO L - BA S E D S T UD E N T H E A L T H S UR V E Y R E S U L T S Seychelles Survey Public Use Codebook Data Standard Location Variable Name 1-3 SITE Question Code and Label Unweighted Frequency Weighted Percent How old are you? 11 years old or younger 1 12 years old 2 13 years old 3 14 years old 4 15 years old 5 16 years old 6 17 years old 7 Missing 35 226 325 296 307 191 47 5 2.4 15.9 20.4 20.0 20.0 16.7 4.6 What is your sex? Male 1 Female 2 Missing 677 740 15 49.7 50.3 In what grade are you? S1 1 S2 2 S3 3 S4 4 S5 5 Missing 292 356 284 314 163 23 21.0 21.7 20.4 20.2 16.6 Country Question Number Site Code 4-13 SCHOOL School Codes 14-16 CLASS Class Codes 17-17 Q1 18-18 19-19 Q2 Q3 Q1 Q2 Q3 20-23 Q4 Q4 How tall are you without your shoes on? (Note: Data are in meters.) 24-29 Q5 Q5 How much do you weigh without your shoes on? (Note: Data are in kilograms.) 1 2 0 0 7 G L OBA L S CHOO L - BA S E D S T UD E N T H E A L T H S UR V E Y R E S U L T S Seychelles Survey Public Use Codebook Data Standard Location Variable Name 30-30 Q6 31-31 32-32 Q7 Q8 Country Question Number Q8 Q12 Q13 Question Code and Label Unweighted Frequency During the past 30 days, how often did you go hungry because there was not enough food in your home? Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Most of the time 4 Always 5 Missing During the past 30 days, how many times per day did you usually eat fruit, such as apples, oranges, banana, avocado, mango, papay, zanmalak, frisiter, karanbol, or any other local or imported fruits? I did not eat fruit during the 1 past 30 days Less than one time per day 2 1 time per day 3 2 times per day 4 3 times per day 5 4 times per day 6 5 or more times per day 7 Missing During the past 30 days, how many times per day did you usually eat vegetables, such as carrots, lettuce, tomato, cabbage, cucumber, kreson, bred, zariko, or any other local or imported vegetables? I did not eat vegetables 1 during the past 30 days Less than one time per day 2 1 time per day 3 2 times per day 4 3 times per day 5 4 times per day 6 5 or more times per day 7 Missing Weighted Percent 612 223 334 143 72 48 44.7 16.0 23.7 10.3 5.3 87 6.2 206 287 313 198 98 238 5 14.3 20.4 21.8 13.9 6.9 16.5 106 7.1 176 322 325 130 97 268 8 12.7 22.9 22.7 9.1 6.9 18.6 2 2 0 0 7 G L OBA L S CHOO L - BA S E D S T UD E N T H E A L T H S UR V E Y R E S U L T S Seychelles Survey Public Use Codebook Data Standard Location Variable Name 44-44 Q20 45-45 46-46 Q21 Q22 Country Question Number Q21 Q23 Q24 Question Code and Label Unweighted Frequency Weighted Percent 612 285 89 45 30 18 88 265 53.2 23.8 7.4 3.8 2.6 1.6 7.6 608 53.4 42 3.8 54 4.6 20 1.7 44 3.8 16 1.5 87 7.4 284 23.8 During the past 30 days, on how many days were you bullied? 0 days 1 1 or 2 days 2 3 to 5 days 3 6 to 9 days 4 10 to 19 days 5 20 to 29 days 6 All 30 days 7 Missing During the past 30 days, how were you bullied most often? I was not bullied during the 1 past 30 days I was hit, kicked, pushed, 2 shoved around, or locked indoors I was made fun of because of 3 my race or color I was made fun of because of 4 my religion I was made fun of with 5 sexual jokes, comments, or gestures I was left out of activities on 6 purpose or completely ignored I was made fun of because of 7 how my body or face looks I was bullied in some other 8 way Missing During the past 12 months, how often have you felt lonely? Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Most of the time 4 Always 5 Missing 277 455 326 456 132 55 8 31.5 23.1 31.8 9.5 4.0 3 2 0 0 7 G L OBA L S CHOO L - BA S E D S T UD E N T H E A L T H S UR V E Y R E S U L T S Seychelles Survey Public Use Codebook Data Standard Location Variable Name 47-47 Q23 48-48 49-49 50-50 51-51 Q24 Q25 Q26 Q27 Country Question Number Q25 Q26 Q27 Q28 Q29 Question Code and Label Unweighted Frequency Weighted Percent During the past 12 months, how often have you been so worried about something that you could not sleep at night? Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Most of the time 4 Always 5 Missing 526 348 381 102 56 19 37.3 24.4 27.0 7.3 4.0 During the past 12 months, did you ever feel so sad or hopeless almost every day for two weeks or more in a row that you stopped doing your usual activities? Yes 1 No 2 Missing 434 936 62 31.8 68.2 During the past 12 months, did you ever seriously consider attempting suicide? Yes 1 No 2 Missing 242 1,146 44 17.5 82.5 During the past 12 months, did you make a plan about how you would attempt suicide? Yes 1 No 2 Missing 239 1,114 79 17.6 82.4 79 207 243 866 37 5.8 15.0 17.4 61.8 How many close friends do you have? 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 or more 4 Missing 4 2 0 0 7 G L OBA L S CHOO L - BA S E D S T UD E N T H E A L T H S UR V E Y R E S U L T S Seychelles Survey Public Use Codebook Data Standard Location Variable Name 53-53 Q29 54-54 55-55 56-56 Q30 Q31 Q32 Country Question Number Q31 Q32 Q33 Q34 Question Code and Label Unweighted Frequency During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke cigarettes? 0 days 1 1 or 2 days 2 3 to 5 days 3 6 to 9 days 4 10 to 19 days 5 20 to 29 days 6 All 30 days 7 Missing 1,106 111 27 27 14 13 23 111 During the past 30 days, on how many days did you use any other form of tobacco, such as snuff (sike)? 0 days 1,276 1 1 or 2 days 49 2 3 to 5 days 20 3 6 to 9 days 20 4 10 to 19 days 13 5 20 to 29 days 7 6 All 30 days 14 7 Missing 33 During the past 12 months, have you ever tried to stop smoking cigarettes? I have never smoked 1 cigarettes I did not smoke cigarettes 2 during the past 12 months Yes 3 No 4 Missing During the past 7 days, on how many days have people smoked in your presence? 0 days 1 1 or 2 days 2 3 or 4 days 3 5 or 6 days 4 All 7 days 5 Missing Weighted Percent 83.0 8.5 2.0 2.2 1.2 1.0 2.1 90.6 3.4 1.6 1.4 1.1 0.6 1.2 862 64.5 152 11.9 185 115 118 14.6 9.0 521 363 139 68 315 26 36.7 25.9 9.8 5.1 22.6 5 2 0 0 7 G L OBA L S CHOO L - BA S E D S T UD E N T H E A L T H S UR V E Y R E S U L T S Seychelles Survey Public Use Codebook Data Standard Location Variable Name 57-57 Q33 58-58 59-59 Q34 Q35 Country Question Number Q35 Q37 Q38 Question Code and Label Unweighted Frequency Weighted Percent 757 310 54 54.0 22.5 4.0 64 202 45 4.6 14.9 497 419 122 57 44 19 22 252 41.6 35.7 10.0 4.8 4.1 1.7 2.1 467 39.4 187 174 124 84 54 81 261 15.8 14.6 10.9 7.0 4.9 7.4 Which of your parents or guardians use any form of tobacco? Neither 1 My father or male guardian 2 My mother or female 3 guardian Both 4 I do not know 5 Missing During the past 30 days, on how many days did you have at least one drink containing alcohol? 0 days 1 1 or 2 days 2 3 to 5 days 3 6 to 9 days 4 10 to 19 days 5 20 to 29 days 6 All 30 days 7 Missing During the past 30 days, on the days you drank alcohol, how many drinks did you usually drink per day? I did not drink alcohol 1 during the past 30 days Less than one drink 2 1 drink 3 2 drinks 4 3 drinks 5 4 drinks 6 5 or more drinks 7 Missing 6 2 0 0 7 G L OBA L S CHOO L - BA S E D S T UD E N T H E A L T H S UR V E Y R E S U L T S Seychelles Survey Public Use Codebook Data Standard Location Variable Name 60-60 Q36 61-61 62-62 63-63 Q37 Q38 Q39 Country Question Number Q40 Q41 Q42 Q44 Question Code and Label Unweighted Frequency During the past 30 days, how did you usually get the alcohol you drank? I did not drink alcohol 1 during the past 30 days I bought it in a store, shop, 2 or from a street vendor I gave someone else money 3 to buy it for me I got it from my friends 4 I got it from home 5 I stole it 6 I made it myself 7 I got it some other way 8 Missing During your life, how many times did you drink so much alcohol that you were really drunk? 0 times 1 1 or 2 times 2 3 to 9 times 3 10 or more times 4 Missing 469 40.4 88 8.2 46 4.3 112 245 13 19 154 286 10.2 21.2 1.1 1.7 12.8 677 464 137 101 53 48.2 34.1 10.1 7.6 During your life, how many times have you ever had a hang-over, felt sick, got into trouble with your family or friends, missed school, or got into fights, as a result of drinking alcohol? 0 times 1,092 1 1 or 2 times 209 2 3 to 9 times 48 3 10 or more times 36 4 Missing 47 During your life, how many times have you used drugs such as marijuana, cannabis or hashish, lapay, steam, stuff, joint, or tyalas? 0 times 1 1 or 2 times 2 3 to 9 times 3 10 or more times 4 Missing Weighted Percent 1,163 103 38 48 80 77.7 15.9 3.6 2.7 84.9 8.0 2.9 4.2 7 2 0 0 7 G L OBA L S CHOO L - BA S E D S T UD E N T H E A L T H S UR V E Y R E S U L T S Seychelles Survey Public Use Codebook Data Standard Location Variable Name 64-64 Q40 66-66 67-67 68-68 Q42 Q43 Q44 Country Question Number Q47 Q49 Q50 Q51 Question Code and Label Unweighted Frequency Weighted Percent 299 931 202 26.1 73.9 899 66.5 179 85 54 36 17 43 119 14.2 7.1 4.2 3.1 1.4 3.5 318 995 119 25.6 74.4 840 63.9 231 207 154 18.9 17.2 Have you ever had sexual intercourse? Yes 1 No 2 Missing During your life, with how many people have you had sexual intercourse? I have never had sexual 1 intercourse 1 person 2 2 people 3 3 people 4 4 people 5 5 people 6 6 or more people 7 Missing During the past 12 months, have you had sexual intercourse? Yes 1 No 2 Missing The last time you had sexual intercourse, did you or your partner use a condom or kapot? I have never had sexual 1 intercourse Yes 2 No 3 Missing 8 2 0 0 7 G L OBA L S CHOO L - BA S E D S T UD E N T H E A L T H S UR V E Y R E S U L T S Seychelles Survey Public Use Codebook Data Standard Location Variable Name 69-69 Q45 70-70 71-71 Q46 Q47 Country Question Number Q53 Q54 Q55 Question Code and Label Unweighted Frequency Weighted Percent During the past 7 days, on how many days were you physically active for a total of at least 60 minutes per day? 0 days 1 1 day 2 2 days 3 3 days 4 4 days 5 5 days 6 6 days 7 7 days 8 Missing 349 273 168 112 73 95 43 252 67 25.9 19.4 12.1 8.3 5.6 7.0 3.1 18.7 During a typical or usual week, on how many days are you physically active for a total of at least 60 minutes per day? 0 days 1 1 day 2 2 days 3 3 days 4 4 days 5 5 days 6 6 days 7 7 days 8 Missing 360 297 175 138 64 92 50 199 57 26.3 21.5 12.6 10.0 4.6 7.0 3.5 14.6 How much time do you spend during a typical or usual day sitting and watching television, playing computer games, talking with friends, or doing other sitting activities such as watching DVD videos? Less than 1 hour per day 1 1 to 2 hours per day 2 3 to 4 hours per day 3 5 to 6 hours per day 4 7 to 8 hours per day 5 More than 8 hours per day 6 Missing 257 386 291 146 84 198 70 18.6 27.8 21.8 11.0 6.1 14.7 9 2 0 0 7 G L OBA L S CHOO L - BA S E D S T UD E N T H E A L T H S UR V E Y R E S U L T S Seychelles Survey Public Use Codebook Data Standard Location Variable Name 72-72 Q48 73-73 74-74 Q49 Q50 Country Question Number Q59 Q60 Q65 Question Code and Label Unweighted Frequency Weighted Percent During the past 7 days, on how many days did you walk or ride a bicycle to and from school? 0 days 1 1 day 2 2 days 3 3 days 4 4 days 5 5 days 6 6 days 7 7 days 8 Missing 659 112 70 53 29 131 20 264 94 48.5 8.5 5.2 4.2 2.1 10.2 1.5 19.8 During the past 7 days, how long did it usually take for you to get to and from school each day? Less than 10 minutes per day 1 10 to 19 minutes per day 2 20 to 29 minutes per day 3 30 to 39 minutes per day 4 40 to 49 minutes per day 5 50 to 59 minutes per day 6 60 or more minutes per day 7 Missing 354 358 211 207 82 37 98 85 25.9 26.8 15.6 15.4 6.0 3.1 7.3 During the past 30 days, on how many days did you miss classes or school without permission? 0 days 1 1 or 2 days 2 3 to 5 days 3 6 to 9 days 4 10 or more days 5 Missing 906 246 92 41 41 106 66.7 19.2 7.2 3.5 3.4 10 2 0 0 7 G L OBA L S CHOO L - BA S E D S T UD E N T H E A L T H S UR V E Y R E S U L T S Seychelles Survey Public Use Codebook Data Standard Location Variable Name 75-75 Q51 76-76 77-77 78-78 Q52 Q53 Q54 Country Question Number Q66 Q67 Q68 Q69 Question Code and Label Unweighted Frequency Weighted Percent During the past 30 days, how often were most of the students in your school kind and helpful? Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Most of the time 4 Always 5 Missing 195 324 475 230 116 92 14.5 23.5 36.2 17.0 8.7 During the past 30 days, how often did your parents or guardians check to see if your homework was done? Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Most of the time 4 Always 5 Missing 312 198 291 225 307 99 24.3 14.9 21.9 17.1 21.8 During the past 30 days, how often did your parents or guardians understand your problems and worries? Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Most of the time 4 Always 5 Missing 297 207 345 214 250 119 22.9 15.3 26.6 16.9 18.3 During the past 30 days, how often did your parents or guardians really know what you were doing with your free time? Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Most of the time 4 Always 5 Missing 251 190 359 235 278 119 19.0 14.8 27.3 18.4 20.4 11 2 0 0 7 G L OBA L S CHOO L - BA S E D S T UD E N T H E A L T H S UR V E Y R E S U L T S Seychelles Survey Public Use Codebook Data Standard Location Variable Name 146-146 QN6 147-147 148-148 160-160 161-161 QN7 QN8 QN20 QN21 Country Question Number Question Code and Label Unweighted Frequency Percentage of students who went hungry most of the time or always during the past 30 days because there was not enough food in their home Yes 215 1 No 1,169 2 Missing 48 Percentage of students who usually ate fruit, such as apples, oranges, banana, avocado, mango, papay, zanmalak, frisiter, karanbol, or other local or imported fruits one or more times per day during the past 30 days Yes 1,134 1 No 293 2 Missing 5 Percentage of students who usually ate vegetables, such as carrots, lettuce, tomato, cabbage, cucumber, kreson, bred, zariko, or other local or imported vegetables one or more times per day during the past 30 days Yes 1,142 1 No 282 2 Missing 8 Weighted Percent 15.6 84.4 79.5 20.5 80.2 19.8 Percentage of students who were bullied on one or more days during the past 30 days Yes 1 No 2 Missing 555 612 265 46.8 53.2 Among students who were bullied during the past 30 days, the percentage who were bullied most often by being hit, kicked, pushed, shoved around, or locked indoors Yes 1 No 2 Missing 42 501 889 8.1 91.9 12 2 0 0 7 G L OBA L S CHOO L - BA S E D S T UD E N T H E A L T H S UR V E Y R E S U L T S Seychelles Survey Public Use Codebook Data Standard Location Variable Name 162-162 QN22 163-163 164-164 165-165 166-166 167-167 QN23 QN24 QN25 QN26 QN27 Country Question Number Question Code and Label Unweighted Frequency Percentage of students who felt lonely most of the time or always during the past 12 months Yes 187 1 No 1,237 2 Missing 8 Percentage of students who most of the time or always felt so worried about something that they could not sleep at night during the past 12 months Yes 158 1 No 1,255 2 Missing 19 Percentage of students who felt so sad or hopeless almost every day for two weeks or more in a row that they stopped doing their usual activities during the past 12 months Yes 1 No 2 Missing 434 936 62 Percentage of students who seriously considered attempting suicide during the past 12 months Yes 242 1 1,146 No 2 Missing 44 Percentage of students who made a plan about how they would attempt suicide during the past 12 months Yes 239 1 No 1,114 2 Missing 79 Percentage of students who have no close friends Yes 1 No 2 Missing 79 1,316 37 Weighted Percent 13.6 86.4 11.3 88.7 31.8 68.2 17.5 82.5 17.6 82.4 5.8 94.2 13 2 0 0 7 G L OBA L S CHOO L - BA S E D S T UD E N T H E A L T H S UR V E Y R E S U L T S Seychelles Survey Public Use Codebook Data Standard Location Variable Name 169-169 QN29 170-170 171-171 172-172 173-173 174-174 QN30 QN31 QN32 QN33 QN34 Country Question Number Question Code and Label Unweighted Frequency Percentage of students who smoked cigarettes on one or more days during the past 30 days Yes 215 1 No 1,106 2 Missing 111 Percentage of students who used any other form of tobacco, such as snuff or sike on one or more days during the past 30 days Yes 1 No 2 Missing 123 1,276 33 Among students who smoked cigarettes during the past 12 months, the percentage who tried to stop smoking cigarettes Yes 185 1 115 No 2 Missing 1,132 Weighted Percent 17.0 83.0 9.4 90.6 61.8 38.2 Percentage of students who reported people smoking in their presence on one or more days during the past 7 days Yes 1 No 2 Missing 885 521 26 63.3 36.7 Percentage of students who have a parent or guardian who uses any form of tobacco Yes 1 No 2 Missing 428 959 45 31.2 68.8 Percentage of students who had at least one drink containing alcohol on one or more days during the past 30 days Yes 1 No 2 Missing 683 497 252 58.4 41.6 14 2 0 0 7 G L OBA L S CHOO L - BA S E D S T UD E N T H E A L T H S UR V E Y R E S U L T S Seychelles Survey Public Use Codebook Data Standard Location Variable Name 175-175 QN35 176-176 177-177 178-178 179-179 QN36 QN37 QN38 QN39 Country Question Number Question Code and Label Unweighted Frequency Weighted Percent Among students who had at least one drink containing alcohol during the past 30 days, the percentage who usually drank two or more drinks per day on the days they drank alcohol during the past 30 days Yes 1 No 2 Missing 341 330 761 52.0 48.0 Among students who had at least one drink containing alcohol during the past 30 days, the percentage who usually got the alcohol they drank by buying it in a store, shop, or from a street vendor Yes 1 No 2 Missing 87 584 761 13.7 86.3 Percentage of students who drank so much alcohol that they were really drunk one or more times during their life Yes 1 No 2 Missing 702 677 53 51.8 48.2 Percentage of students who had a hang-over, felt sick, got into trouble with their family or friends, missed school, or got into fights, as a result of drinking alcohol one or more times during their life Yes 293 1 No 1,092 2 Missing 47 Percentage of students who used drugs, such as marijuana, cannabis or hashish, lapay, steam, stuff, joint, or tyalas one or more times during their life Yes 189 1 No 1,163 2 Missing 80 22.3 77.7 15.1 84.9 15 2 0 0 7 G L OBA L S CHOO L - BA S E D S T UD E N T H E A L T H S UR V E Y R E S U L T S Seychelles Survey Public Use Codebook Data Standard Location Variable Name 180-180 QN40 182-182 183-183 184-184 185-185 186-186 QN42 QN43 QN44 QN45 QN46 Country Question Number Question Code and Label Unweighted Frequency Weighted Percent Percentage of students who have ever had sexual intercourse Yes 1 No 2 Missing 299 931 202 26.1 73.9 235 1,078 119 19.3 80.7 318 995 119 25.6 74.4 Percentage of students who have had sexual intercourse with two or more people during their life Yes 1 No 2 Missing Percentage of students who had sexual intercourse during the past 12 months Yes 1 No 2 Missing Among students who had sexual intercourse during the past 12 months, the percentage who used a condom the last time they had sexual intercourse Yes 136 1 No 94 2 Missing 1,202 Percentage of students who were physically active for a total of at least 60 minutes per day on all 7 days during the past 7 days Yes 252 1 No 1,113 2 Missing 67 Percentage of students who were physically active for a total of at least 60 minutes per day on all 7 days during a typical or usual week Yes 199 1 No 1,176 2 Missing 57 57.2 42.8 18.7 81.3 14.6 85.4 16 2 0 0 7 G L OBA L S CHOO L - BA S E D S T UD E N T H E A L T H S UR V E Y R E S U L T S Seychelles Survey Public Use Codebook Data Standard Location Variable Name 187-187 QN47 188-188 189-189 190-190 191-191 QN48 QN49 QN50 QN51 Country Question Number Question Code and Label Unweighted Frequency Percentage of students who spent three or more hours per day during a typical or usual day sitting and watching television, playing computer games, talking with friends, or doing other sitting activities, such as watching DVD videos Yes 719 1 No 643 2 Missing 70 Weighted Percent 53.6 46.4 Percentage of students who did not walk or ride a bicycle to and from school during the past seven days Yes 1 No 2 Missing 659 679 94 48.5 51.5 Percentage of students who usually took 29 minutes or less each day to get to and from school during the past 7 days Yes 1 No 2 Missing 923 424 85 68.3 31.7 Percentage of students who missed classes or school without permission on one or more days during the past 30 days Yes 420 1 906 No 2 Missing 106 Percentage of students who reported that most of the students in their school were never or rarely kind and helpful during the past 30 days Yes 1 No 2 Missing 519 821 92 33.3 66.7 38.0 62.0 17 2 0 0 7 G L OBA L S CHOO L - BA S E D S T UD E N T H E A L T H S UR V E Y R E S U L T S Seychelles Survey Public Use Codebook Data Standard Location Variable Name 192-192 QN52 193-193 194-194 262-262 263-263 264-264 QN53 QN54 QNROVWTG QNOVWTG QNFRVGG Country Question Number Question Code and Label Unweighted Frequency Weighted Percent Percentage of students whose parents or guardians never or rarely checked to see if their homework was done during the past 30 days Yes 1 No 2 Missing 510 823 99 39.2 60.8 Percentage of students whose parents or guardians never or rarely understood their problems and worries during the past 30 days Yes 1 No 2 Missing 504 809 119 38.3 61.7 Percentage of students whose parents or guardians never or rarely really knew what they were doing with their free time during the past 30 days Yes 1 No 2 Missing 441 872 119 33.8 66.2 Percentage of students who are at risk for becoming overweight* Yes 1 No 2 Missing 151 873 408 14.2 85.8 Percentage of students who are overweight* Yes 1 No 2 Missing 76 948 408 7.3 92.7 Percentage of students who ate fruits and vegetables five or more times per day during the past 30 days Yes 1 No 2 Missing 636 785 11 44.5 55.5 18 2 0 0 7 G L OBA L S CHOO L - BA S E D S T UD E N T H E A L T H S UR V E Y R E S U L T S Seychelles Survey Public Use Codebook Data Country Standard Location Variable Question Number Name 265-265 QNANYTBG 266-266 267-267 QNMINPAG QNWKRDG Question Code and Label Unweighted Frequency Percentage of students who used any tobacco on one or more of the past 30 days Yes 231 1 No 1,078 2 Missing 123 Percentage of students who were physically active for at least 60 minutes per day on less than five days per week on average Yes 1 No 2 Missing 1,038 319 75 Percentage of students who spent less than 2.5 hours total walking or riding a bicycle to and from school during the past seven days Yes 1,126 1 190 No 2 Missing 116 358-369 Weight Weight 370-374 PSU Primary Sampling Unit 375-383 Stratum Stratum 384-388 BMIPct Percentile for body mass index, by age and sex Weighted Percent 18.5 81.5 76.3 23.7 85.4 14.6 19