i
.'.
l
VOLUME XII
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY. APRIL 1963
NUMBER 2
Results of 1962 Sweet Corn Hybrid Tests Reported
A single plot trial of newly named and ex­
perimental sweet corn hybrids was grown at
the vegetable research farm at Corvallis. The
hybrids were planted on May 21 in rows 42
inches apart and in 40-foot plots. The plants
were later thinned to exactly 40 per plot. Ap­
proximately 400 pounds of 8-24-8 fertilizer
was banded prIor to planting with no additional
application. Sprinkler irrigations were made
on June 21 and 29, July 19, and August 8.
Weed Control Studied
In Bush Snap Beans
r
','
Several promising herbicides for se­
lective control of weeds in beans (var.
Tendercrop) were compared in a test con­
ducted at Corvallis in 1962. The objective
of this test was to compare other materials
with DNBP amine, the herbicide currently
used for general annual weed control in
beans, for more efficient control of a
greater number of weed species, and for
increased time of control.
A detailed list of chemical treatments
is given in the table that follows. Pre­
emergence applications were made on
June 1, three days following planting;
post-emergence applications were made
June 7 at. a time when most of the bean
plants were in the "crook" stage. The rate
of application of DNBP amine in the post­
emergence spray was determined on the
basis of air temperature, the method gener­
ally followed commercially. Crop response
(Continued page 6)
---------------.--_.
1-e ~ 144eee",
Sweet Corn Hybrid Tests . . . • .
Weed Control in Bush Snap Beans
Cabbage Maggot Still Serious
The Carrot Rust Fly Situation . .
Page
1
1
7
8
Because of lack of time during harvest
season, all pickings were not made at optimum
frequency. Consequently, some varieties were
harvested a day or two earlier or later than
prime maturity. Yields are included as tons
per acre, but the lack of precision in such a
trial must be recognized.
Although 66 hybrids were tested, space
limitations permit inclusion of only the high­
est yielding 45 hybrids in this report.
Sources..2! hybrids
Hybrids were obtained from the following
seed companies: Asgrow Seed
Company, New Haven 2, Con­
necticut; Crookham Seed Company,
P. O. Box 651, Caldwell, Idaho;
Northrup King Company, 1500
Jackson Street, N.E., Min­ neapolis 13, Minnesota; Corneli
Seed Company, 101 Chateau
Avenue. St. Louis, Missouri;
Seed Research Specialists, 114
Kellogg, Ames, Iowa; Germains,
Box 3233, Los Angeles 54,
California; Joseph Harris Company, Moreton
(Continued next page)
2
Results of sweet corn trials ••. (Continued from page 1)
Table 1. Results of Hybrid Sweet Corn Trials
Varie
)
~
Source
XP-2044
XP-2047
Seneca Golden
62-101
58-1804-C*
61-2099
Seneca Brave A*
DK-40*
Gold Cup
XP-152
197-34
KVF 60-21*
Majestic
KVF 57-93
Seneca LV-7
63-78
61-2010
59-2017
Ht.
Ft.
Suckers!/
No.
7.0
2-4
8.0
3
7.5
3
9.0
3
9.0
2-3
2
7.0
8.5
4
-8.5
4
8.0
3-4
2
7.5
8.0
4
8.5
3-4
8.0
4
8.0
3
8.5
3-4
8.0
4
8.5
3
8.0
3
198-2'l
8.5
3
62-103
8.0
3
75703*
:3
9.0
·3
198-33
2
8.5
3
Early Chief*
5
8.5
3-4
197-20
2
7.0
4
75786*
3
8.5
3
Jubilee
9
8.0
3
60-2427*
9
8.0
4
Buttertender
3
8.0
3
KVF 60-1261
4
8.0
3
100-24*
2
9.0
3-4
197-66
2
8.5
4
Tendercrisp*
5
9.0
4
5
SRS 2()46-1 *
9.0
3-4
Merit
1
9.0
3-4
58-2053
9
9.0
3
199-43
2
7.5
3
58-7053
9
9.0
3-4
DK-41*
8
10.0
2
SRS 2082-1
5
8.0
3
Researcher
5
8.5
3-4
Midway
8.5
1
3-4
DK-42*
8
9.5
3
60-2992*
9
9.0
3
XP-2073
9.0
1
3
XP-2034
8.5
1
4
* Colored silk. All others light.
1/0 = none; 1 = most plants had one sucker; etc.
1
1
8
6
9
9
8
8
7
1
2
4
9
4
8
2
9
9
2
6
Good
ears
-;- 100
No.
Days
to
harv.
98
98
102
102
102
102
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
112
112
112
112
112
112
8.9
11.7
7.9
10.9
12.4
8.6
11.4
12.1
9.4
7.1
11.1
8.4
11.1
8.9
12.6
10.2
15.2
10.4
9.2
9.6
10.2
10.8
13.2
9.2
11.6
11.1
9.0
11.0
8.4
10.1
10.1
11.0
10.8
13.9
9.3
8.3
10.3
10.1
8.4
10.9
9.4
13.0
12.6
13.8
10.3
4.8
5.5
4.7
5.2
6.6
4.6
5.-6
5.4
4.9
5.4
6.3
5.1
5.5
5.5
5.8
5.0
5.1
4.6
4.6
5.8
'5.7
5.3
6.9
4.8
6.5
6.9
5.3
6.6
5.9
5.7
6.6
5.7
7.0
8.7
5.9
4.8
5.7
6.2
4.7
6.7
5.8
7.3
6.0
8.6
6.2
180
174
165
156
252
274
187
174
208
152
227
183
202
162
205
159
206
177
159
187
146
221
255
174
171
236
183
159
140
190
187
177
180
258
230
159
221
202
165
236
187
239
183
211
177
Culls
Tons A.
.7
1.8
.3
1.1
1.0
.04
1.3
2.1
.6
.2
1.6
·5
1.1
.5
2.5
1.5
11.0
1.9
1.3
.9
•7
1.6
1.3
1.7
1.4
.4
·7
1.0
.2
.6'
.6
1.1
•7
1.3
.5
.7
.3
1.2
.8
1.0
.6
1.7
2.7
1.1
.9
3
Results of sweet corn trials ••. (Continued from page
2)
Table 2. Observations of Hybrid Sweet Corn Trials
Variety
)
,.
XP-2044
XP-2047
Seneca Golden
62-101
58-1804-C*
61-2099
Seneca Brave A*
DK-40*
Gold Cup
XP-152
197-34
KVF 60-21*
Majestic
KVF 57-93
Seneca LV-7
63-78
61-2010
59-2017
198-27
62-103
75703*
198-33
Early Chief*
197-20
75786*
Jubilee
60-2427*
Buttertender
KVF 60-1261
100-24*
197-66
Tendercrisp*
SRS 2046-1*
Merit
58-2053
199-43
58-7053
DK-41*
SRS 2082-1
Researcher
Midway
DK-42*
60-2992*
XP-2073
XP-2034
*
Ear
Lbs./
Ear
ear
length!/ dia. 1/
In.
In.
.53
.63
.57
.67
.52
.34
.60
.61
.47
.70
.55
.55
.54
.67
.57
.63
.49
.52
.58
.63
.77
.'48
.54
.55
.76
.58
.58
.82
.84
.60
.67
.64
. 78
.67
.51
.60
.51
.62
.57
.57
.62
.60
.65
.81
.70
7.8
7.7
8.2
8.2
7.9
6.9
7.8
8.0
7.2
7.8
7.8
7.7
8.0
8.1
7.6
7.8
8.0
7.6
7.5
7.8
9.1
7.1
8.2
8.0
10.5
7.8
7.8
8.4
8.4
7.8
7.4
7.8
9.2
8.0
6.6
7.0
6.6
8.0
7.2
8.2
7.8
7.8
7.8
8.0
8.0
1.7
2.1
1.8
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.9
1.9
1.8
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.8
2~0
2.0
1.8
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
1.8
2.0
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.0
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.1
1.9
2.0
1.8
2.1
2.0
1.8
2.0
2.1
2.0
2.2
2.2
Kernel
depth
In.
5/16
1/2
7/16
3/8
3/8
3/8
5/16
3/8
7/16
5/16
3/8
3/8
7/16
1/2
5/16
3/8
5/16
7/16
5/16
3/8
7/16
3/8
5/16
5/16
3/8
7/16
7/16
1/2
1/2
3/8
1/2
5/16
7/16
1/2
7/16
3/8
7/16
7/16
1/2
1/2
1/2
7/16
1/2
1/2
1/2
Row
no.
12-18
16
12-14
16-18
16
12-14
16-20
20
16-18
16-18
18
16
16-20
16-20
18
16
16
16
18-20
16
16
18
14-16
20
16-18
18
16-18
20
18-20
18-22
14-22
20
16
20-22
16-18
18-20
18
18-20
18
14
18
20
18-20
20-22
18-20
Row
straight­ Tip
ness ~/ fill ~/
1.5
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
3
1
2
2
1.5
2
1.5
2.5
1.5
2
1.5
2
2.5
2
2
2.5
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2.5
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
3
2
Colored silk. All others light.
1./ Measurements of five typical ears divided by five.
~/
1
1
1 = poor; 3 = good.
3/ 1 = slight; 3 = bad or extreme.
1/ Average of 10 readings, from 5 ears, with spring type puncture gauge.
2
2
3
2
2
1
1
3
2
2
2
3
3
2
1
2
1
2
1
-
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
3
1
Av.
tender­
Taper ,2/ ness 1/
2
3
1
3
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
3
I,
1
3
1
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
1
3
1
3
1
2
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
101
124
134
120
114
120
140
134
144
124
171
130
128
129
124
112
134
132
138
134
117
140
116
134
118
126
122
116
133
130
165
132
136
140
128
153
120
171
138
130
118
148
122
140
136
4
Results of sweet corn trials ...
Table 3.
Notes on Performance of Sweet Corn Hybrids
Variety
)
XP-2044
XP-2047 . . . . . .
Seneca Golden
62-101 . .
58-1804-C
61-2099
Seneca Brave A
DK-40 •.
Gold Cup.
XP-152 . .
197-34 . .
KVF 60-21 . .
Majestic . . .
KVF 57-93 . . .
(Continued from page 3)
Remarks
Strongly tapered.
Light in color.
Slightly rough and variable in shape.
Light in color.
Good color and kernel type; ear small.
Very small kernel; shallow.
Poor in appearance; rough tip.
Uniform ear; slightly coarse kernel; variable kernel.
Too much crook; medium round kernel.
Bad taper; slightly rough ear and kernel; many constrict; variable
kernel width.
Seneca LV-7 .•
Uniform; shallow, medium narrow kernel.
63-78 •.
Bright; some spiral or rough rows; slightly shallow; medium wide
kernel.
61-2010
Excess taper; slightly rough rows.
59-2017
Uniform, small, deep kernel; gaps between rows.
198-27 . .
Excess taper and end constriction; small round kernel; good color.
62-103 .•
Variable kernel size and shape; some double; short and fat.
75703. • . . . . . . Coarse, large kernel; light color.
198-33 . .
Early Chief
Many short ears; poor tip fill.
197-20 •.
Small, round, shallow kernel; rough tip; variable shape ·
75786. • . .
Rough tip; light color; long; coarse, open rows.
Jubilee ...
Uniform shape; narrow deep kernel; round taper.
60-2427
Excess taper; slightly rough; otherwise fairly good.
Buttertender. .
Light color; one spade; some poor ear fill; excess dropped rows and
constrictions.
KVF 60-1261 •.
Some row drop; slightly dull color; some possibility.
100- 24 . •
Many ear tassels; small round kernel.
197-66 • . . .
Too short; some crook and row drop; variable row number and
kernel size.
Tendercrisp . •
Some constriction and row dropping; uneven maturity.
SRS 2046-1.
Green tips; blanks; rough; cllrved; coarse.
Merit . . .
Variable size; plump; medium round kernel; distinct possibilities.
58-2053 . • . •
Too short and tapered.
199-43 • • . • .
Medium round kernel; good uniformity; somewhat short.
58-7053 . • . .
Too short.
DK-41 .•
Too tough; fairly uniform except for size.
SRS 2082-1 •.
Fairly short and plump; kernel medium round; uniform.
Researcher
Variable wide kernel; little too rough.
Midway . .
Narrow long kernel; round; slight row drop; cylindrical; completely
blank tip.
DK-42 •. ' . . •
Narrow, long, slight variable kernel; some row breaking; bad tip.
60-2992
Very long, narrow kernel; rough rows; bumpy appearance.
XP-2073 •
Some double tips and flats; uneven shape; uniform kernels.
XP-2034 .
Few double tips; very rough, tapered and constricted.
5
Resu Its of sweet corn trials ••• (Continued from page 4)
Farm, Rochester, New York; Robson Seed Farms, Hall, New York; Rogers Seeds, Box
2188, Idaho Falls, Idaho; and Ferry Morse Company, Mountain View, California.
-'
,.J
In this trial 15 hybrids produced a net yield of over six tons per acre. These hybrids
were 58-1804-C, 197-34, Early Chief, 75786, Jubilee, Buttertender, 197066, SRS 2046-1,
Merit, DK-41, Researcher, DK-42, 60-2992, XP-2073, and XP-2034.
It is recognized that such a list Is arbitrary, particularly because the trial was not
replicated, and might be misleading with respect to both those on the list and those yielding
less than six tons. Of those listed, all were distinctly rough and/or too tough except
58-1804-C, Early Chief, Jubilee, Merit, and Researcher. This listing is also arbitrary.
-- J. R. Baggett
R. Tsuha
Horticulture Department
•••
~".
In Oregon Vegetable Digest Vol. XI, No.2, April 1962, page 3, Table I headings
that read "beans, beets, carrots, and corn" should be in the following order: beets,
carrots, beans, and corn.
•••
11~~ .••
F. F. Angell and I. G. Hillyer, in Am. Hort. Soc. Proceedings 81: 402-407, reported
that Cherry Belle and Comet radishes tended to develop larger root diameters as planting
depth was increased from. 5 to 1.5 inches. A temperature range of 60-65 0 F. was superior
for production of market quality and shape when compared with ranges of 50-55 0 , and 70-75 0 •
Roots with the largest diameter were produced at a 12-hour photoperiod. This work was
done in Illinois.
•••
Inbred sweet corn lines carrying cytoplasmic male sterility or restorer gene were
studied by G. S. Johnston and R. J. Snyder in Maryland (Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci.
81: 415-420). Comparisons with normal counterpart lines showed that these factors,
which can be used to produce F1 hybrid seed without detasseling, had only slight effect on
the combining ability and performance of inbred lines. The authors indicated that only
. four or five generations of backcrossing, with strict selection, would be sufficient to
produce inbreds carrying male sterility or the restorer gene without a loss of the
desired combining ability.
A A •
6
Weed control in snap beans ••• (Continued
from page 1)
and weed control ratings were made June 26 t after which all plots were maintained free of
weeds. Predominant weed species present were redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus),
mustard (Brassica rapa) and lambsquarters (Chenopodium album). A rating scale of 0 to 10
was used in which 0 designates no effect and 10 indicates complete kill. Harvest was made
August 8 with a single hand picking to simulate machine harvesting.
'II
i
Analysis of the yield data indicates that significant reductions occurred with the use of
a granular formulation of DNBP amine and with post-emergence spray
applications of DNBP amine or PCP sodium salt. These results corre­
late reasonably well with early observations on crop response, particu­
larly with respect to the post-emergence applications. At least part of
the response with the granular DNBP amine formulation may be due to
uneven distribution, since these applications were made by hand and not
as precisely controlled as desired; but the higher weed control ratings
:~~::.
would suggest greater activity with the granular formulation in this te~t. ..<:::,';':'.::..
Liquid and granular formulations of amiben gave essentially equal re-:,':',":: \\\
sponses. The different PCP formulations cannot be compared directly /""",,:.~ '.\\
because of the difference in parent materials used. Control of the weed . /".' ; ~ : ~', . ­
species present in these plots was excellent with amiben and acceptable with certain DNBP
amine and PCP sodium salt treatments.
Table 1. Bean and Weed Responses to Several Herbicide Treatments
Chemical
Rate
Lb./A
(Pre-emergence applications)
DNBP amine (spray)
DNBP amine (spray)
DNBP amine (granular)
DNBP amine (granular)
PCP in oil
PCP sodium
PCP sodium
PCP sodium
PCP (granular)
Amiben (spray)
Amiben (spray)
Amlben (spray)
Amiben (granular)
Amiben (granular)
Amiben (granular)
(Post-emergence applications)
DNBP amine (spray)
PCP sodium
Untreated check
3
6
3
6
9
6
9
12
9
2
4
6
2
4
6
2
9
Average
yield ~/
Lb. /Plot
14.5
14.5
11.3
9.7
14.5
12.1
13.2
13.4
13.3
13.9
12.1
13.2
12.8
13.0
14.1
11.1
10.4
14.7
Average crop
Average weed
response_r~ljIlgJ:L control rating 1/
o
o
3
4
1
6
6
1
o
3
1
4
o
o
o
o
6
6
2
7
8
8
2
1
1
1
1
7
8
2
3
8
5
o
2
6
1/ 0 = no effect; 10 = complete kill.
~/ LSD (5%) = 2.92.
A A A
.-- Garvin Crabtree
Horticulture Department
Cabbage Maggot Still Serious
7
One of the most serious and persistent pests of cruciferous crops in Oregon is the
cabbage maggot (Hylemya brassicae), the larva of a fly. These larvae or maggots hatch
from eggs laid around the bases of plants. They feed on the roots and underground portions
of the stems of practically all varieties of the cabbage and turnip family.
,
,
Most chemical control measures depend for their success on placing an insecticide on
the soil around the plants where the hatching maggots will come into immediate contact with
the chemical.
Since the eggs hatch within two to three days after being deposited by flies,
it is important that the insecticide be applied promptly at the time recommended. Chemical
control can also be attained under certain circumstances with foliar applications designed
to kill the flies before they lay their eggs.
The cabbage maggot is now highly resistant to the cyclodiene insecticides (aldrin,
dieldrin, heptachlor, chlordane) in many parts of the U. S. and Canada. In Oregon they are
resistant in the northern Willamette V"alley, particularly in the Gresham ~ Canby, and Aurora
areas. In localities where difficUlty has been experienced in obtaining control with the former­
ly recommended materials, use of the cyclodiene insecticides should be discontinued. In­
creased dosages or more frequent applications of these materials will lead only to serious
residue problems.
Maggot control on leafy crucifers (cole crops)
In areas where resistance has developed, cole crops can be protected in the plant bed
by weekly applications of 5% DDT. Later, protection is needed to prevent maggots from
stunting or killing the plants during the first month or so after transplanting. At the present
moment the only effective material which is registered for this use is Guthion. It should be
used as a drench at the bases of the plants immediately after transplanting, at the rate of
1 pound of 25% wettable powder in 100 - 150 gallons of water per acre. (If other effective
materials, such as Diazinon, are given registration for this use during the season, notice
will be sent out through the Cooperative Extension Service.)­
In areas were resistance has not developed, the old recommendations may still be used
effectively. These can be found in the Oregon Insect Control Handbook and will not be re­
peated here.
.
Dipping of bare-rooted transplants in insecticidal liquids before setting them out in the
field is not recommended. Trials last year and in the past have indicated that plant injury.
may occur, and protection from the maggots is usually inferior to that obtained by the drench­
ing method.
Maggot control on root crucifers
I
One maggot injury can reduce an otherwise marketable radish, turnip, or rutabaga to a
cull. For this reason alone, satisfactory maggot control on root crucifer crops is consider­
ably more difficult than on cole crops. No satisfactory method of protecting root crucifers
from aldrin-resistant maggots is available at this time. However, some suggestions in­
volVing the use of Diazinon on white turnips will be discussed in the 1963 edition of the Insect
Control Handbook. No material which is effective against the aldrin-resistant maggot is
registered for use on rutabagas at the present time.
On susceptible maggots, the program of drenching-sprays of aldrin emulsion for root
crucifers, as given in the Handbook, is still recommended. Radishes present a distinct
problem and more research is needed before a satisfactory solution to the maggot problem,
susceptible or resistant, will be available.
-- H. H. Crowell, H. E. Morrison,
and R. W. Every
Entomology Department
8
The Carrot Rust Fly Situation
}
The carrot rust fly, Pslla rosae, was responsible for damage to carrots, celery , and
parsnips in western Oregon until about 1955. Since that time soil treatments of aldrin,
dieldrin, and chlordane are credited with holding this pest in check, and no further rust fly
damage to commercial crops has been reported in Oregon. However, in Washington state
and Canada -- from Ontario to British Columbia -- the carrot rust fly is now reported to
have developed resistance to these insecticides.
Samples of Oregon carrots and parsnips grown in aldrin-treated soil during 1962 were
analyzed and found to contain excessive residues of aldrin and dieldrin. For this reason,
it seems advisable to discontinue the use of aldrin, dieldrin, and chlordane as pre-planting
soil treatments for control of the carrot rust fly in Oregon. Unless wild hosts, such as
fennel, harbor an abundance of overwintering forms of the rust fly, it is likely that soils
treated with aldrin, dieldrin, or chlordane will retain a sufficient amount of the insecticide
to prevent serious outbreaks from occurring in 1963.
Canadian and Washington state entomologists, working on the resistant form of the
carrot rust fly, have found that Diazinon, at the rate of 1 to 2 pounds actual material per
acre, has given effective control. When carro,ts are grown at 15-inch row spacings, this
amounts to 0.6 to 1. 2 pounds of 5% granular Diazinon per 1,000 lineal feet of row. The
Diazinon should be applied in the furrow with the seed. Applications in excess of this rate
may lead to reduction in stand. This furrow treatment of granular Diazinon has provided
satisfactory control for 100 to 150 days. Diazinon is registered for use as a furrow treat­
ment on carrots with an established residue tolerance of O. 75 parts per million (ppm).
It should be realized that under Oregon conditions the 100-to 150-day period of pro­
tection provided by Diazinon may not be sufficient to prevent damage by the third brood of
carrot rust flies which normally enter carrots from mid-October to early November. To
protect against this third brood, it may be necessary to top dust or spray the carrots with
Diazinon at the rate of 1 pound actual material per acre. The dust, or spray, should be
applied in late September or early October, but not closer ~han 10 days before harvest.
There is no registered material which may be suggested for control of the rust fly on
celery or parsnips.
-- H. E. Morrison
Entomology Department
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Oregon's Vegetable Digest is published four times a year by the Agricultural Experiment Station, Ore­
gon State University, Corvallis. F. E. Price, Director. Address correspondence to the author concerned
or to the Department of Horticulture.
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