Summary
There must be no residues of pesticides in milk
or milk products. On the basis of present limited
information, it appears that the greatest danger of
pecticide residues appearing in milk results from:
• Direct application of nonrecommended insecticides or improper applications of recommended insecticides to dairy cows, or in dairy barns.
• Feeding forage which bears residues of pesticides in excess of established tolerances.
• Feeding crop residues, field, or cannery wastes
from crops treated with pesticides which have longlasting residues.
• Pesticide drift on pastures.
Cooperative Extension work in Agriculutre and Home Economics,
K. E. Price, director. Oregon State College and the United States
Department of Agriculture cooperating. Printed and distributed in
furtherance of Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914
20M—6-60
Insect Control and
Prevention of Pesticide
Residues in MILK
Fungicides
Field waste and cannery refuse of fruit and vegetable crops which were sprayed or dusted with fungicides and are carrying fungicidal residues probably
are not suitable as feed for dairy or meat animals.
Included will be the waste or refuse from crops
which were sprayed or dusted with fungicides according to recommended practices and are carrying
the maximum or less than maximum established
residue. At present it is not known if crop waste or
refuse carrying any fungicidal residue will contaminate milk or meat when fed to dairy or meat animals.
Pesticide Drift
This information was compiled by the Oregon
State College Extension Service in cooperation
with Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station.
Pesticide drift may be a problem to dairymen in
some localities. Growers whose crops are immediately adjacent to pasture being utilized by dairy animals should recognize the difficult problem 'that confronts the dairymen. They can help by applying only
those insecticides which do not leave persistent residues. Efforts should be made to apply these materials under conditions that minimize the possibility
of drift.
Orchardists whose plantings are immediately adjacent to hay crops or pastures being utilized by
dairy cows can be of assistance by modifying their
spray programs to minimize the possibility of drift
from commonly used insecticides having persistent
residues such as BHC, DDT, dieldrin, TDE, toxaphene, Kelthane, and Tedion.
There is less risk of milk contamination from
drift where methoxychlor, Sevin, Guthion, malathion, parathion, Phosdrin, and TEPP are used. In
some cases orchardists could cooperate by using these
materials on the several outside rows of their orchards adjacent to pastures or hay crops. Dairymen
could also help by pasturing next to orchards prior
to spraying and then fencing off a strip approximately 150 to 200 feet next to the orchard and leaving this area ungrazed for a period of about 10 days
after each spraying.
n
the vegetable. A residue tolerance of 7 parts per million has been established for Telvar monuron on asparagus ; a tolerance of 1 part per million on spinach,
onions (dry bulbs only), grapes, and several crops
not grown in Oregon, such as citrus, cottonseed,
sugarcane, etc. Specified tolerances would not be
exceeded in or on the parts of these crops, if properly used.
Insect Control and
Prevention of Pesticide
Residues in Milk
Sesone has not been cleared or registered for use
on any crop which might be used for animal feed.
It is recommended also that any vegetable crops
treated pre- or post-emergence with 2,4-D not be fed
to livestock.
DAIRYING REQUIRES fly control, but flies must be
controlled in ways that will not result in pesticide
residues in milk or milk products. The Food and
Drug Administration, U. S. Department of Health,
Education and Welfare, has emphasized that no
amount of any insecticide residue is permissible in
milk. Some insecticides when applied to dairy animals or to forage fed to them will result in residues
in milk. Use of these insecticides must be avoided.
Herbicides registered for use on vegetable crops
on a no-residue basis include Simazin, Atrazine, Alanap-3, Dalapon, potassium cyanate, IPC, Endothal,
CIPC, Eptam, Randox, MCPA, and Vegedex.
Current information indicates that when used as
directed, Simazin, Atrazine, Alanap-3, IPC, CIPC,
Eptam, Randox, and Vegedex will leave no residue
in on on any of the vegetables used for human consumption or on any of the other plant parts used
for animal feed.
Because there is insufficient information available
at the present time, it is recommended that field
waste and cannery refuse from vegetable crops
treated with Dalapon or MCPA not be fed to livestock.
Potassium cyanate breaks down rapidly into
harmless products. Hence, its use results in no residue problem. Table or crystal salt and Stoddard Solvent oil, which are widely used for weed control in
certain vegetable crops, are considered to be nontoxic
and therefore no question of residue has arisen.
It appears on the basis of these registrations and
other available information that when used as directed, field refuse and cannery wastes from fields
treated with the following herbicides could be fed
to dairy animals: Simazin, Atrazine, Alanap-3, IPC,
CIPC, Eptam, Randox, Vegedex, Endothal, potassium cyanate, table or crystal salt, Stoddard Solvent
oil, Telvar monuron, dinitro amine.
Vegetable crop field refuse and cannery wastes
from fields treated with the following herbicides
should not be fed to dairy animals : Dalapon, MCPA,
Sesone, 2,4-D, Amino Triazole.
Even the best managed dairy will usually require
some fly control in buildings and on animals. Infestations of horn flies and stable flies are common. They
reduce milk production and contribute to unsanitary
conditions.
Sanitation is the first step in fly control. Flies
require moisture and organic matter, so dairymen
should practice systematic removal of manure and
other wastes. Proper drainage to remove excess
moisture and screening milk rooms to keep out flies
are a part of good dairy management.
Follow these suggestions when using fly sprays:
• Do not apply any insecticide recommended for
house fly control except pyrethrum in the milking
parlor, barn, or loafing shed while animals are
present.
• L'se only pyrethrum sprays in the milk room.
• Do not apply fly sprays in such a way that
they will contaminate feed mangers, feed, or water.
• Use fly control materials only in the amount
and manner recommended. They are most effective
when applied with a good sprayer.
• Treat before fly populations build up and
repeat applications before a fly problem develops.
a
<
C
S S
Irt °=
I-
3 1 -a
_. ^
'43 T3
_ O
—. Be
V
a,
8"C
o w 2
rt
o fe
^ ^^
o I o
t, c
O 3
c
§."2
si
'tj
u
c
OJ
If.
3
x)
u
0
1*
-a
i
1
in
jO
0)
-a;
10
•g)
c«
_3
<N
o
a
_C
'C
°
M O
.1 s
i|
=9 8
|1
j" >,
o 3
vi
3 S
| &
O
<u
c
'Si
I«
C
_3
O.
'C
"5
!0
*->
7i lbs. 5% wettable powder as a spray, or prepare a wash with 12
ozs. 5% rotenone wettable powder plus 4 ozs. laundry soap per gal.
of water or rub dust containing li% rotenone into back.
Two applications about 2 to 3
weeks apart necessary for best
results.
5
Rotenone treatments are
of limited value. They kill
only about 80% of the
grubs in the back and usually have no appreciable
effect on subsequent infestations when control
work done on an individual basis.
For spraying use high pressure, at
least 250 pounds. When using wash,
rub solution into back with stiff
brush. Use brush or hand to rub
dust into back thoroughly. First
application just before grubs drop
and repeat at 30-day intervals until
grubs no longer appear.
One 37.5 gram pill per 300 lb. body weight.
Do not treat within 60 days of
lactation.
Trolene
Restrictions—Remarks
Dosage
Amount of Insecticide Per 100 Gallons of Spray or Other Treatment
as Indicated
such as sabadilla, rotenone, sulfur, and pyrethrum,
because of their inherent safety, are exempt from
requirement of a tolerance. These are generally less
effective in the control of insects and are not often
used.
The degree to which pesticide residues may concentrate in cannery wastes or ensilage made from
these wastes is known for only a few crops. For example, apple pomace which consists largely of the
outside skin of the fruit may contain DDT residues
much greater than the 7 parts per million allowed on
the whole, fresh fruit.
It is extremely difficult to give definite instructions for safe feeding of cannery wastes to dairy animals. To guide County Extension agents, processors,
poultrymen, dairymen, and those interested in livestock feeding, situations where they should be alert
to possible residue problems appear in the Oregon
Insect Control Handbook (Co-op Bookstore, Oregon
State College, $2 per copy). Attention to these suggestions will aid in preventing residue contamination
of milk, poultry and poultry products, and other
meat.
In general, it is unwise for dairymen, poultrymen, or those fattening animals for slaughter, to
feed field wastes or cannery refuse from any crop
treated with aldrin, aramite, BHC, chlordane, DDT,
dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, Kelthane, lindane, Perthane, Sevin, TDE, Thiodan, toxaphene, and Trithion. Additional feeding tests may alter these suggestions in the future.
On the other hand, it would appear that cannery
waste from vegetable crops treated with the insecticides Diazinon, Dibrom, malathion, methoxychlor,
nicotine sulfate, parathion, Phosdrin, pyrethrum,
sabadilla, rotenone, and TEPP could be fed provided the recommended dosages were not exceeded,
and the proper interval between application and harvest were followed.
Herbicides
With the exception of Telvar monuron, dinitro
amine, Sesone, and 2,4-D, all of the herbicides currently recommended for use on vegetable crops are
registered with the USDA on a "no residue" basis.
Dinitro amine has a zero tolerance. This means
the FDA has specifically stated that no residue is allowable on the portion of the plant used as human
food. If used before emergence of the vegetable
crops there would be no residue in or on any part of
Herbicides
Cannery Wastes
Diuron, IPC, and Chloro-IPC are the only herbicides which have been cleared for use on forage
crops. Diuron is cleared for 2 parts per million residue in alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, and grass crops, for
hay or seed. CIPC and IPC have been cleared on a
no residue basis for alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, red
clover, crimson clover, and white clover. 2,4-D is
registered on a no residue basis for wheat, barley,
oats, and rye.
On the basis of these registrations it appears that
forage from fields treated with these herbicides
could be fed to dairy animals without resulting in
milk contamination.
2,4-DB is registered for use on legume seed
crops. Hay or field wastes from treated fields should
not be fed to livestock.
Insecticides
Some dairymen use cannery wastes as feed or
ensilage. It is necessary to protect practically all vegetable crops from insect attack. Information on the
amount of insecticide residue which might appear on
field refuse and cannery waste is extremely limited.
The FDA has established residue tolerances for
most insecticides on raw agricultural crops. These
tolerances are specific for insecticides and the crops
to which they can be applied. Dosage rates are recommended by Federal and state workers. Intervals
between application of insecticides and harvest date
based on residue data are a part of pest control recommendations.
To avoid residues, recornmendations for use of
pesticides sometimes require that applications be
made before the edible portion of the crop appears.
Some insecticides are recommended only for preplanting soil treatment. The fact that a residue tolerance has been set and control recommendations
followed, is no assurance that the parts of the plant
not used for human consumption would be free of
objectionable residues. Often these are the parts used
as livestock feed.
Because of their short life, certain chemicals may
be registered on a "no residue" basis. This means
that data have been submitted to the U. S. Department of Agriculture showing that, when used as directed, no residue would be present on the portion of
the plant used for human food. A few chemicals
^-v
QJ
•a
3
C
■4*)
o
JO
"(3
E
"c
<
>>
u
o
c
u
+■»
O)
o
<u
OH
*•
0
S5
i—i
c
4»
H
5
0
>>
a
m
0
s
PL,
0)
-a
c
0
O
P
K
in
u
n
u
Z
1H
o
g
J5
o
o
rt
t.
>. u
1-
J3
3^
o
1
S ,_
O
to 3
go
3 S
" 9
as o
PC
i
o
rt
S
bo rt
E v
III
.til
M c-z
1^2
b£ t*"-
C 'P
re
-2 5
>
'
' rt
^ rp
u ^ ii
2 i!-s « e
o = 5 3-2
= H - « ,,
3 = o y
a>
II i 11
V -S « -.
P K: >= £3
o r;
rt
3
0
"rt
'3
SI
.11
^ *
> —
C rt
u
fc H
en
J;
'be
|M
tl
'5^
&
3
OJ
CJ
^1
r-H
rt
u
c
B
'C
"ij
t/;
u
<u
II
t
|l
o .E
"* o
11
11
Ji >
"> >.
.i w
ti
o
B
Tc
—
al
IN
'S
a
i
V
IT)
u u
1
o
u
D ■S
_5
♦
*_
.5
CO
_«
S
~>>
a;
H
.j)
S
X
o
s §
-'.
_■:'
•^0
. T3
s'^
^m
<
"H.
>
V
E £
1 —
.1
"C
en
.Si
rs
'o
o
£
£
(U
X,
—(3
s
a;
^-i
rt
g
i
rt
'5 ^o
i- u
"S §
u
i
CD
^
rt
i
3^ J
cii
S
-9
o^ J;
e« =
"C
l«H
^O
<s s
u
s
0
ti
3
(VI
(VJ
"(5
Sb
IM
o
3
6
U
in
rt
be
U
0
iT
(U
o
? a;
s§ sc
^§
tSi -r-
"I
e
a
o
a
>*
cd
&
rt3
O
Ui
CM
o
M
bo
"(3
(V)
u
0
U
•a
a
?
1
#8
o^
T 3
2g
U
c«
O
o
g
-a
c
1H*
o
c,
jy
i
a
CO
&
r4
u
X
o
11
ll
N
3 O
'Z
Is
P
•& |
||
a
0..3
3 vS
« (M
to R
rt
c
e
?*>
o
2
Use as space spray in accordance with manufacturer's directions.
o
1-"
Ks
1
u
V
3
s
V
•a
o
Sc
u
53
aj
1
3
eg
c
o
in
O
M
&
u-) C
rg O
Ci o
>CJ
l|
§
<u
5
Id
o
1
to
3
u
u
<v
&
S
sc
"S
u
'3
<u .
^ 5
>.^
i- n
Q S
Do not use in milk rooms or contaminate
feed and water. Apply all sprays at rate of
1 to 2 gallons per 1,000 square feet of surface.
32 lbs. 25% wettable powder, or 8 gals, of 12%
emulsifiable concentrate, or 4 gals, of 24% emulsifiable concentrate.
«
c
CO
Dosage
Amount of Insecticide Per 100 Gallons of Spray
or Other Treatment as Indicated
Hay and Forage Crops
Insecticides
Parathion
Malathion
S parts per million
1 part per million
8 parts per million
The lrood and Drug Administration has established residue tolerances for a few insecticides on
hay and forage crops. When such chemicals are used
according to directions, no residues should occur in
the milk. This must be assured before tolerances can
be established on forage crops. The following insecticide residue tolerances have been established on
hay and forage crops:
Demeton
1 part per million
100 parts per million
Phosdrin
Methoxychlor
Malathion, parathion, demeton, Phosdrin, and
methoxychlor have been recommended to control
some of the insect pests that attack Oregon hay and
forage crops. If these are used in the amounts recommended and if the suggested interval between application and cutting is observed, the forage can be
fed safely to dairy animals.
Aldrin, aramite, dieldrin, heptachlor, DDT, toxaphene, benzene hexachloride, and lindane are recommended to protect legume and grass seed crops from
destructive insect pests. All of these leave persistent
residues that may appear in milk when forage treated
with them is fed to dairy animals. Trithion is recommended for limited use on legume seed crops. The
persistence of Trithion residues on these crops has
not been established. Dieldrin, used to control overwintering adult alfalfa weevil, will not result in residues on hay crops if applied in early spring prior
to new growth.
The FDA has established a tolerance of zero for
aldrin, aramite, dieldrin, and heptachlor on hay and
forage crops. No specific tolerance on hay or forage
has been set for DDT, toxaphene, benzene hexachloride, and lindane. Crop residues or field refuse
from forage legumes or grass seed fields treated with
any of these chemicals should not be fed to dairy animals. Pelletized or wafered livestock feeds which incorporate crop residues from fields treated with any
of these insecticides must not be used as dairy feed.
o
«
c
Dosage
Amount of Insecticide Per 100 Gallons of Spray
or Other Treatment as Indicated
CO
3
6
3
U
(VI
in
rtbe
1-"
Ks
1
s
V
53
1
§
"(5
Sb
(VJ
IM
U
u
V
(U
0
iT
o
•a
o
Sc
u
o
3
l|
>CJ
aj
Ci o
u-) C
rg O
s§ sc
? a;
^§
tSi -r-
"I
<u
5
11
ll
3 O
'Z
N
Is
o
CM
M
"(3
bo
(V)
u
0
U
•a
1H*
a
?
1
#8
o^3
T
2g
o
c,
jy
i
Use as space spray in accordance with manufacturer's directions.
ti
32 lbs. 25% wettable powder, or 8 gals, of 12%
emulsifiable concentrate, or 4 gals, of 24% emulsifiable concentrate.
Do not use in milk rooms or contaminate
feed and water. Apply all sprays at rate of
1 to 2 gallons per 1,000 square feet of surface.
u
s0
Hay and Forage Crops
Id
o
2
1
to
o
3
?*>
ec
u
u
<v
&
S
sc
"S
u
rt
U
&
ea
M
>.^
i- n
Q S
c«
a
o
o
3
3
eg
O
rt
Ui
to R
r4
0..3
O
in
O
c
o
CO
3 vS
« (M
a
'3
<u .
^ 5
>*
cd
&
&
g
-a
c
a
u
X
o
•& |
||
P
Insecticides
The lrood and Drug Administration has established residue tolerances for a few insecticides on
hay and forage crops. When such chemicals are used
according to directions, no residues should occur in
the milk. This must be assured before tolerances can
be established on forage crops. The following insecticide residue tolerances have been established on
hay and forage crops:
Malathion
8 parts per million
Parathion
1 part per million
Demeton
S parts per million
Phosdrin
1 part per million
Methoxychlor
100 parts per million
Malathion, parathion, demeton, Phosdrin, and
methoxychlor have been recommended to control
some of the insect pests that attack Oregon hay and
forage crops. If these are used in the amounts recommended and if the suggested interval between application and cutting is observed, the forage can be
fed safely to dairy animals.
Aldrin, aramite, dieldrin, heptachlor, DDT, toxaphene, benzene hexachloride, and lindane are recommended to protect legume and grass seed crops from
destructive insect pests. All of these leave persistent
residues that may appear in milk when forage treated
with them is fed to dairy animals. Trithion is recommended for limited use on legume seed crops. The
persistence of Trithion residues on these crops has
not been established. Dieldrin, used to control overwintering adult alfalfa weevil, will not result in residues on hay crops if applied in early spring prior
to new growth.
The FDA has established a tolerance of zero for
aldrin, aramite, dieldrin, and heptachlor on hay and
forage crops. No specific tolerance on hay or forage
has been set for DDT, toxaphene, benzene hexachloride, and lindane. Crop residues or field refuse
from forage legumes or grass seed fields treated with
any of these chemicals should not be fed to dairy animals. Pelletized or wafered livestock feeds which incorporate crop residues from fields treated with any
of these insecticides must not be used as dairy feed.
>. u
1H
Herbicides
u
Z
Diuron, IPC, and Chloro-IPC are the only herbicides which have been cleared for use on forage
crops. Diuron is cleared for 2 parts per million residue in alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, and grass crops, for
hay or seed. CIPC and IPC have been cleared on a
no residue basis for alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, red
clover, crimson clover, and white clover. 2,4-D is
registered on a no residue basis for wheat, barley,
oats, and rye.
On the basis of these registrations it appears that
forage from fields treated with these herbicides
could be fed to dairy animals without resulting in
milk contamination.
2,4-DB is registered for use on legume seed
crops. Hay or field wastes from treated fields should
not be fed to livestock.
Some dairymen use cannery wastes as feed or
ensilage. It is necessary to protect practically all vegetable crops from insect attack. Information on the
amount of insecticide residue which might appear on
field refuse and cannery waste is extremely limited.
The FDA has established residue tolerances for
most insecticides on raw agricultural crops. These
tolerances are specific for insecticides and the crops
to which they can be applied. Dosage rates are recommended by Federal and state workers. Intervals
between application of insecticides and harvest date
based on residue data are a part of pest control recommendations.
To avoid residues, recornmendations for use of
pesticides sometimes require that applications be
made before the edible portion of the crop appears.
Some insecticides are recommended only for preplanting soil treatment. The fact that a residue tolerance has been set and control recommendations
followed, is no assurance that the parts of the plant
not used for human consumption would be free of
objectionable residues. Often these are the parts used
as livestock feed.
Because of their short life, certain chemicals may
be registered on a "no residue" basis. This means
that data have been submitted to the U. S. Department of Agriculture showing that, when used as directed, no residue would be present on the portion of
the plant used for human food. A few chemicals
t.
3^
J3
in
u
n
o
g
1
J5
—
.1
o
"C
o
>
o
c
4»
E v
1
S ,_
O
0
1^2
JO
a
ti
'S
IN
a
to 3
"c
<
>>
u
c
o
o
+■»
O)
<u
s
en
i
V
PL,
S5
II i 11
V -S « -.
a>
P K: => £3
o r;
•^0
IT)
1
c
11
D ■S
K
"S §
i- u
0
"rt
11
"* o
o .E
SI
.11
|l
^ *
i
u
^
CD
3 S
u u
o
u
'5 ^o
'3
rt
0
O
P
rt
Ji >
_■:'
-a
OH
*•
0
= H - « ,,
3 = o y
go
0)
u
o = 5 3-2
"> >.
s §
0
g
i
re
3
5
"(3
E
u ^ ii
>
-'.
o
^-i
rt
2 i!-s « e
rt
—
al
m
' rt
. T3
s'^
^m
■4*)
>>
'
^ rp
.i w
H
3
C
C 'P
o
B
Tc
QJ
III
.til
M c-z
rt
^-v
•a
rt
b£ t*"-
-2 5
bo rt
E £
<
i
o
S
V
"H.
Cannery Wastes
Insecticides
1-
" 9
as o
PC
en
C rt
u
J;
fc H
II
t
> —
i
i—i
3^ J
'be
|M
tl
.Si
rs
'o
o
♦
£
~>>
£
X,
(U
_5
X
o
*_
&
<u
3
'5^
t/;
.5
B
'C
_«
CJ
a;
CO
u
S
S
r-H
H
.j)
—
(3
s
a;
^1
u
c
OJ
rt
"ij
cii
S
o^ J;
e« =
"C
-9
l«H
^O
<s s
_ O
—.
Be
V a,
C
o fe8"C
2rt
o w
^ ^^
o I o
t, c
10
•g)
<N
o
c«
_3
a
_C
'C
°
3
x)
M O
u
0
1*
-a
i
1
.1 s
i|
=9 8
j" >,
|1
o 3
3 S
| &
in
O
jO
vi
O 3
'Si
I«
c
<u
c
§."2
'tj
si
_3
O.
u
OJ
If.
c
0)
C
'C
"5
-a;
*->
5
For spraying use high pressure, at
least 250 pounds. When using wash,
rub solution into back with stiff
brush. Use brush or hand to rub
dust into back thoroughly. First
application just before grubs drop
and repeat at 30-day intervals until
grubs no longer appear.
Do not treat within 60 days of
lactation.
7i lbs. 5% wettable powder as a spray, or prepare a wash with 12
ozs. 5% rotenone wettable powder plus 4 ozs. laundry soap per gal.
of water or rub dust containing li% rotenone into back.
a
<
Rotenone treatments are
of limited value. They kill
only about 80% of the
grubs in the back and usually have no appreciable
effect on subsequent infestations when control
work done on an individual basis.
'43 T3
One 37.5 gram pill per 300 lb. body weight.
_. ^
Trolene
I-
Two applications about 2 to 3
weeks apart necessary for best
results.
Restrictions—Remarks
Irt °=
3 1 -a
Dosage
Amount of Insecticide Per 100 Gallons of Spray or Other Treatment
as Indicated
S S
!0
such as sabadilla, rotenone, sulfur, and pyrethrum,
because of their inherent safety, are exempt from
requirement of a tolerance. These are generally less
effective in the control of insects and are not often
used.
The degree to which pesticide residues may concentrate in cannery wastes or ensilage made from
these wastes is known for only a few crops. For example, apple pomace which consists largely of the
outside skin of the fruit may contain DDT residues
much greater than the 7 parts per million allowed on
the whole, fresh fruit.
It is extremely difficult to give definite instructions for safe feeding of cannery wastes to dairy animals. To guide County Extension agents, processors,
poultrymen, dairymen, and those interested in livestock feeding, situations where they should be alert
to possible residue problems appear in the Oregon
Insect Control Handbook (Co-op Bookstore, Oregon
State College, $2 per copy). Attention to these suggestions will aid in preventing residue contamination
of milk, poultry and poultry products, and other
meat.
In general, it is unwise for dairymen, poultrymen, or those fattening animals for slaughter, to
feed field wastes or cannery refuse from any crop
treated with aldrin, aramite, BHC, chlordane, DDT,
dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, Kelthane, lindane, Perthane, Sevin, TDE, Thiodan, toxaphene, and Trithion. Additional feeding tests may alter these suggestions in the future.
On the other hand, it would appear that cannery
waste from vegetable crops treated with the insecticides Diazinon, Dibrom, malathion, methoxychlor,
nicotine sulfate, parathion, Phosdrin, pyrethrum,
sabadilla, rotenone, and TEPP could be fed provided the recommended dosages were not exceeded,
and the proper interval between application and harvest were followed.
Herbicides
With the exception of Telvar monuron, dinitro
amine, Sesone, and 2,4-D, all of the herbicides currently recommended for use on vegetable crops are
registered with the USDA on a "no residue" basis.
Dinitro amine has a zero tolerance. This means
the FDA has specifically stated that no residue is allowable on the portion of the plant used as human
food. If used before emergence of the vegetable
crops there would be no residue in or on any part of
the vegetable. A residue tolerance of 7 parts per million has been established for Telvar monuron on asparagus ; a tolerance of 1 part per million on spinach,
onions (dry bulbs only), grapes, and several crops
not grown in Oregon, such as citrus, cottonseed,
sugarcane, etc. Specified tolerances would not be
exceeded in or on the parts of these crops, if properly used.
Insect Control and
Prevention of Pesticide
Residues in Milk
Sesone has not been cleared or registered for use
on any crop which might be used for animal feed.
It is recommended also that any vegetable crops
treated pre- or post-emergence with 2,4-D not be fed
to livestock.
DAIRYING REQUIRES fly control, but flies must be
controlled in ways that will not result in pesticide
residues in milk or milk products. The Food and
Drug Administration, U. S. Department of Health,
Education and Welfare, has emphasized that no
amount of any insecticide residue is permissible in
milk. Some insecticides when applied to dairy animals or to forage fed to them will result in residues
in milk. Use of these insecticides must be avoided.
Herbicides registered for use on vegetable crops
on a no-residue basis include Simazin, Atrazine, Alanap-3, Dalapon, potassium cyanate, IPC, Endothal,
CIPC, Eptam, Randox, MCPA, and Vegedex.
Current information indicates that when used as
directed, Simazin, Atrazine, Alanap-3, IPC, CIPC,
Eptam, Randox, and Vegedex will leave no residue
in on on any of the vegetables used for human consumption or on any of the other plant parts used
for animal feed.
Because there is insufficient information available
at the present time, it is recommended that field
waste and cannery refuse from vegetable crops
treated with Dalapon or MCPA not be fed to livestock.
Potassium cyanate breaks down rapidly into
harmless products. Hence, its use results in no residue problem. Table or crystal salt and Stoddard Solvent oil, which are widely used for weed control in
certain vegetable crops, are considered to be nontoxic
and therefore no question of residue has arisen.
It appears on the basis of these registrations and
other available information that when used as directed, field refuse and cannery wastes from fields
treated with the following herbicides could be fed
to dairy animals: Simazin, Atrazine, Alanap-3, IPC,
CIPC, Eptam, Randox, Vegedex, Endothal, potassium cyanate, table or crystal salt, Stoddard Solvent
oil, Telvar monuron, dinitro amine.
Vegetable crop field refuse and cannery wastes
from fields treated with the following herbicides
should not be fed to dairy animals : Dalapon, MCPA,
Sesone, 2,4-D, Amino Triazole.
Even the best managed dairy will usually require
some fly control in buildings and on animals. Infestations of horn flies and stable flies are common. They
reduce milk production and contribute to unsanitary
conditions.
Sanitation is the first step in fly control. Flies
require moisture and organic matter, so dairymen
should practice systematic removal of manure and
other wastes. Proper drainage to remove excess
moisture and screening milk rooms to keep out flies
are a part of good dairy management.
Follow these suggestions when using fly sprays:
• Do not apply any insecticide recommended for
house fly control except pyrethrum in the milking
parlor, barn, or loafing shed while animals are
present.
• L'se only pyrethrum sprays in the milk room.
• Do not apply fly sprays in such a way that
they will contaminate feed mangers, feed, or water.
• Use fly control materials only in the amount
and manner recommended. They are most effective
when applied with a good sprayer.
• Treat before fly populations build up and
repeat applications before a fly problem develops.
Fungicides
Field waste and cannery refuse of fruit and vegetable crops which were sprayed or dusted with fungicides and are carrying fungicidal residues probably
are not suitable as feed for dairy or meat animals.
Included will be the waste or refuse from crops
which were sprayed or dusted with fungicides according to recommended practices and are carrying
the maximum or less than maximum established
residue. At present it is not known if crop waste or
refuse carrying any fungicidal residue will contaminate milk or meat when fed to dairy or meat animals.
Pesticide Drift
This information was compiled by the Oregon
State College Extension Service in cooperation
with Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station.
Pesticide drift may be a problem to dairymen in
some localities. Growers whose crops are immediately adjacent to pasture being utilized by dairy animals should recognize the difficult problem 'that confronts the dairymen. They can help by applying only
those insecticides which do not leave persistent residues. Efforts should be made to apply these materials under conditions that minimize the possibility
of drift.
Orchardists whose plantings are immediately adjacent to hay crops or pastures being utilized by
dairy cows can be of assistance by modifying their
spray programs to minimize the possibility of drift
from commonly used insecticides having persistent
residues such as BHC, DDT, dieldrin, TDE, toxaphene, Kelthane, and Tedion.
There is less risk of milk contamination from
drift where methoxychlor, Sevin, Guthion, malathion, parathion, Phosdrin, and TEPP are used. In
some cases orchardists could cooperate by using these
materials on the several outside rows of their orchards adjacent to pastures or hay crops. Dairymen
could also help by pasturing next to orchards prior
to spraying and then fencing off a strip approximately 150 to 200 feet next to the orchard and leaving this area ungrazed for a period of about 10 days
after each spraying.
n
Summary
There must be no residues of pesticides in milk
or milk products. On the basis of present limited
information, it appears that the greatest danger of
pecticide residues appearing in milk results from:
• Direct application of nonrecommended insecticides or improper applications of recommended insecticides to dairy cows, or in dairy barns.
• Feeding forage which bears residues of pesticides in excess of established tolerances.
• Feeding crop residues, field, or cannery wastes
from crops treated with pesticides which have longlasting residues.
• Pesticide drift on pastures.
Cooperative Extension work in Agriculutre and Home Economics,
K. E. Price, director. Oregon State College and the United States
Department of Agriculture cooperating. Printed and distributed in
furtherance of Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914
20M—6-60
Insect Control and
Prevention of Pesticide
Residues in MILK