PRELIMINARY SUMMARY OF OREGON IMMIGRANT FAMILY SURVEY Prepared by L. R. Breithaupt, January, 1937 This brief summary gives some general information concerning the purpose of the survey, methods used, and some general conclusions. The survey was made possible through cooperative action by the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station giving general supervision, editorial service and publication, the Rural Research Unit of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration which provided enumerator service for gathering the family survey data, and the Land Use Planning Section of the Resettlement Administration which provided clerical service for tabulating the data and drafting service in preparing the graphic table originals. It is felt that the six graphic tables attached present the data in detail very well with respect to each of six groups of immigrant families into which the schedules were assembled for analysis, namely: Table Table Table Table Table Table 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Farm operator families arriving during the year 1936. " " " " " " period 1933-1935. " 1930-1932. Non-farm operator families arriving during the year 1936. " " " " " period 1933-1935. " " " " " " " " 1930-1932. TI TI Vt It By "farm-operator" families is meant those families headed by a person who has had the actual experience of operating and managing one or more farms, no.t including the farm laborers as such. By "non-farm--operatort' families is meant those families headed by a person who has not had any considerable experience, if any, in the operation and management of a farm, such as farm laborers, unskilled and semi-skilled laborers, and skilled workers, business and professional persons, etc. The information was obtained by means of a sample survey taken in 112 rural school districts in 16 counties. The purpose was to obtain a general background of information concerning the families who have been settling in Oregon in increasing numbers, their reasons for coming to Oregon, and their progress in becoming etab1ished in new homes. In regard to the areas surveyed, the plan was to select a number of school districts which would provide a representative sample, then to take a rather large random sample within the respective school districts. Some difficulty was experienced by the enumerators in obtaining complete answers to all of the questions on the survey schedules, particularly those in respect to net worth and relief matters. Consequently, a considerable number of "unknowns" appear on the graphic tables. It is believed, however, that the information obtained gives a fairly reliable picture of these immigrant people, their reasons for coming to Oregon, their attitudes toward conditions here, their economic status and progress, and, in the case of farm operators, the size and type of farms they came from, the size, type, and quality of the farms they are settling on, and other valuable information. The total number of usuable records obtained was 831. by classifications is indicated by the following data: -1- The breakdown of these Period of : arrival in : Oregon : Farm-operator families : : Number_: Per Cent : Non farm-operator z families : Nurnber ; Per Cent; Totals Number : Per Cent Year 1936 : 128 : 15.3 : 205 : 24.7 : 333 : 40.0 1933-1935 : 145 : 17.5 : 215 : 25.9 : 360 : 43.4 :_8.2 : 70 : 8.4_ ; 138 : 16.6 41.0 : 490 : 831 : 100.0 1930-1932 :68 Totals 34 : 59.0 ; Reproductions of two charts which were published in Oregon Experiment Station Circular of Information No. 157, entitled "Preliminary Information Concerning Immigration into Rural Districts in Oregon - January 1933 to June 1936," are entered as page three of this summary. These charts present a fairly reliable picture of the regions of previous residence of these immigrant fami1ie and their present location in Oregon. However, the second survey, the one with which the six graphic tables are concerned, covered a period approximately twice as long as the survey reported in Circular 157. Consequently, the charts do not indicate as great a number of immigrant families as actually settled in Oregon during the longer period. On this point, data given in Oregon Station Circular of Information No. 157 indicated that 5L30 such immigrant families arrived in Oregon from January 1933 to June 1936. A check of 40 identical school districts covered by both surveys showed a ratio of 238 for the short period, January 1933 to June 1936, against 405 for the longer period, January 1930 to November 1936. These figures suggest that around 9000 immigrant families have settled in the open country and smaller towns in Oregon during the past seven years, not including families who have settled in cities of 5000 population and over. Another check leading to approximately the same conclusion is found in that 435, or 52.3 per cent of the families surveyed came to Oregon during the period January 1, 1933 to June 1936. If 5130 families are 52.3 per cent, then the total number coming during the 1930-1936 period would be 9800 families. With some allowance for arrivals in 1936 after the survey data were taken, it is probably reasonable to assume a total of 10,000 for the seven-year period. Data on page three of this report indicate that approximately 41 per cent, or perhaps 4100 families were experienced farm operators. Of these, perhaps 1500 or 1600 arrived during 1936, approximately twice the number indicated for the 1930-1932 period and nearly as many as indicated for the entire 1933-1935 period. The following general observations concerning the results of this survey may be very helpful and of interest: Regions of previous residence(Col. 1). Of the 831 families studied, 440, or 53.0 per cent, came from the Western group of states; 282, or 34.0 per cent from the North Central States; 86, or 10.3 per cent from the South Central States; 10, or 1.2 per cent from the North Atlantic States; 2, or .2 per cent from the South Atlantic; and 11, or 1.3 per cent, from foreign countries. These percentages compare closely with the findings of the preliminary study reported in Station Circular of Information No. 157. Reasons for migrating (Col. 2). Inadequate income was named by 51 per cent of the families as a reason for leaving the state of previous residence and drought by 29 per cent. Other reasons in order of percentage of replies were; To change climate, 22 per cent; health, 13 per cent; loss of job, 9 per cent; with fewer giving a job awaiting, urge for travel, educational, social and other reasons. -2- L 'i. _t . '.":. k I - I I -".. .- ft .' f. i / -) _J_ ( \ ... I - Chart So. 1. ApproxImate location by counties of 5,130 families estimated to have settled in rural districts in Oregon from January 1933 to June 1936. Each dot represents 5 famIlies. I .-.: I r' I n I j -- : .. . . . . I :- - Chart 1o. 2. States and Regions of Previous Residence of 5022 Families Estimated to have moved into Rural January 1, 1933 to June 1936. . . . Oregon Site College Agricultural Experiment Station Cooperating with the Thks Progress Administration Rural Research Unit s5022t IC.-. , ,. "e . - . .. - ... :-- ...,.- -5-. ... . .. .-..: '-' -.2 i... '' ., r.,.- . I -. -. _ - . :Ie r .. 1k . ..t / SI - I I .5 j' I;. -, -, --- -# : . -" '-: . ...: .. .. jr 0 - I :W. ...>/:' . - - . . .. .. ... . - - ': Oregon State College Agricultural Experiment Station Cooperating with the Works Progress Athinistrat1on Rural Research Unit t :'. - Each dot represents one family. -3- - (Col.4j. Relatives or friends in Oregon was the cent giving this as principal reason given by these migrants for coming to Oregon, 25 per Employment, 14 per cent; number of replies were; a reason. Other reasons in order of type of farming, 8 per cent; Reasons for seleqgQgn climate, 12 per cent; visit to Oregon, 9 per cent; to follow a cent; and various health, 5 per cent; business opportunity, 5 per cent; advertising, 3 per other reasons, 10 per cent. interviewed to give this Net worth COols. 5-6). The reluctance of the persons However, only 158 families, or 19 per information made the results somewhat inconclusive. 1000.00 upon arrival in Oregon, cent of the total number, reported their net worth at over The net worth of some of the 312 compared with 362, or 44 per cent, under this figure. 1000.00, but it is of families listed as "unknown" on this point was no doubt in excess On quite small. probable that the net worth of most of those who declined to answer was in made by families who have been the whole, some economic progress appears to have been such information. the state for a year or longer and were willing to give families Attitude toward Oregon LOols. 7-9). The attitude of these immigrant The number of farm operators toward Oregon was very favorable on all points considered. quite small, particuwho registered a distinctly unfavorable attitude for any reason was larly. 341 family heads, or Farm experience (Cols. 14-18). Of all families surveyed, Of these, 272, or 80 per cent, 41 per cent, had had actual experience in operating farms. The greatest number of these people had had engaged in farming for ten years or more. Relative"livestock" type. operated fairly large farms of the "general't, "cash-grain", or farms. ly few came from dairy, poultry, fruit, and truck families not Present farm locationjCols. 19-24). The number of farm operator number who are on farms which will not yet located on farms is significant, as well as the that substantial progress in the direcsupport a family. However, it is also noteworthy larger number of these families, tion of acquiring ownership of farms has been made by a good, to be located on fairly and that the majority of those who have acquired farms seem much progress in this remedium-sized, general farms. Recent arrivals have not made as durof the families arriving spect as those who came beforehand, so that the proportion number of families ing 1936 not yet located on farms is relatively large. A considerable farms and other farms, to have located on part-time without farm operator experience appear many of which are not too good. The returns on this question were unsatisfactory, as many Relief (Col. 25). information. It is probable that the of the persons interviewed did not wish to give the greater than indicated, at number who have actually received public assistance is much relief. Justification least unless all of the "unknowns" are regarded as having received Circular of Information No. 155, for such a conclusion is found in Oregon Experiment Station Six Oregon Counties." entitled "Mobility and Migration of Rural Relief Households in countries as being on This bulletin reported 219 immigrant families from other states or cent sample of the rural relief during the period June to December, 1935, based on a 50 per cent of the total relief cases in the six counties. Roughly, the sample represented 5 per 4,000 such immigrant state, suggesting a total of over number of rural relief cases in the unpublished data rural relief cases during the period stated. It is believed that certain of various surveys made during the on this question which have been assembled in the course the same were available. past year or more might be of value if facilities for preparing -4- TABLE I GRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF DATA CONCERNING SETTLING IN RURAL 128 FARM OPERATOR I96. AREAS IN OREGON IN Cr NFEASON FOR LEAVING STATE OF PREVIOUS RESIDENCE PREVIOUS PESIOENCE WESTERS --;::--OP ARRIVAL IN ONEGON 7 REASONS FOR SELECTING 956 JNC9ME. ATTITUO(T0WARO MOVE TO OREGON APPROXIMATE NET WORTH CLIMATE HEALTH 0 (2 8ESID(8C8 OF FAIMLIES OREGON IN GM ARRIVAL INADEQUATE 9 PRESENT FAVORABLE SAME YEARSOF ARE OF FAMILY 0 PERSONS PER FAMILY HEADS OREGON UNPAVORAMLE (0 16 (7 18 SCARS ENCASED IN ACRES IN TYPEOF FARMS FARMING FAMILIES $ NOGI VMS OVER ECONOMIC STANOPOIST OPEN COUNTRY . :: :: 65 AGO OVER :. A IV 65 AND OVER FARM FARM OPERATORS OPERATORS $EL ID OR MORE FMS OPERATED IN STAVES OF PREVIOUS RESIDENCE 9 IS STATES OF PREVIOUS RESIDENCE 28 (-;'. :: U 22 ACRES 5000 I 24 25 GENERAL 5000 A AND DOER PUBLIC RELIEF RECEIVES YORE ACRES CROP LAND AND OVER 23 I. GENERAL SODS AND OVER SOIL AUALITT TENURE 5000 OWNER WILL FARM SUPPORT VE OREGON 0 I005-49N9 IO1jLJ 98 E E OPPORTUNITY 82001 TO $3000 8 .' I sIOI (7( 1000499S ONN9 ® . 3 21 A CASH BRAIN . 2 0 . AC ON IGGSANSN (I SOON G1 S (38 CROP -/ ( I SC COMOITIONS 21 PRESENT FARM LOCATION OPERATED OU CTOE 20 : Rj LOSS 9FJ08 (4 PRESENT OCCUPATIONS EMPLOYMENT ALL PERSONS OF OF READS IN ECONOMIC OF FAMILIES HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDS OF AGE OF IMMIGRANT IAMILIES SHOOT OR FRIENDS ______[______ 099 260 N SS-S E R NOTION $ 0 4 DC ; .:.. ORB TUVA ES ORE S .:. 30 9 84 A I AS 6 9 ---- NOT 14 Q Jijf 50 IN REASONS 1 _iiEiiT OtCUON _______] 21 \ :/ 22 E o ER j ..E 6,.! : 29. A?' RANDY l-- o REASONS S 0 GOOD ADD ClUb (7j 5 :1. i:.. U NO POULTRY 9ANEIUSDTII .:.. 0 E U3 US$500111 47 56 Dl; 6 ..III .. 3-9 ADORHONDCIART-TIRE = VN6NODR T,IV 9 POULTRY I : EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES .5)M 39 OHOSOWS 090EV 3 23 ® 0 0 PART-TIME . UNDER S :: IA - N .-- ------ -. _%= !SlAlAAAlSl=lTAlbOTd OW w HORN NOR LRSU USA FLANRISS SECT ION, CSOPRRDTINA JANUARY INST TABLE 2. i,RuPHIC ANALYSIS OF DATA CONCERNING 45 FARM OPERATOR IMMIGRANT FAMILIES IN 1933-1935. SETTLING IN RURAL AREAS IN OREGON N ; ARAL :c: PREVIOUS RESIDENCE WESTERN JPPBOAINATE 1936 _IVAJ CLIMATE PRESENT $4001 AND OVER I AGE IT V IA TT OREGON . ECONOMIC STAN000INT 0 OPEN FAMILIES ST AND OVER 2 65 AND OVER COUNTRY 0 ® UP 17 IV 20 OF PREVIOUS RESIDENCE ACRES TTPE ACRES FM CROP LAND I. GENERAL S000 IA E FARMS 000SEFIOLOS FARM FARM OPERATORS OPERATORS PREVIOUS RESIDENCE ID OR MORE 5000 AND OVER 0 $0001 TO 0 .. * .. : - E 0 0 .-i .. 000- URNS (38 TONAL 933 I 35 0 LUWLI INS I00049NS 24 : 0 = GOOD OWNER YES 0 0 0 0 0 0 OREGON 500 99 UP 260 NPE (6 20 99 0 US I T 99 $ 901 TO $ lOGO 0 SUPPORT I 0 AN . ___ 0 WILL FARM RELIEF SOIL QUALITY I00049NN CAS BRAI 2049 6 TENURE 25 AND OVER I0) 31 .. 0 9000 I. GENERAL AND OVEN 2 CASH GRAIN E 0 IN 0 2 . 0 24 PRESENT FARM LOCATION . 24 ____j___ 3000 23 48 i 25 S C OPPORTUNITY 22 21 OPERUTEDW READS OF FAMILIES 0 1% TEALTA 6 IS EN FAVORABLE ELO A OF II RLS OREGON INaDEQUATE INCOME IT V GOETO 000006 NET WORTO LABORERS 0 1 0 C 1 LABORERS 6 0 -. 31 (.0 - 5I IT 6 N E R A 0 V 0 6 C 8 I7 0 AON TI 6 ..® I 0 :. 26 A C 0 A 76 Y..\ z': 8 06 0 D° DC V NEUON 0 D 0 0 111 S FR ASONS SO (7 I UN OW P (4II,,) 14 2 13 ( 2& (,) 0 U C : (2 0 :- B 3 O) N IS 0 -4----8 N 0 L( EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES :0 o AN 0 ::.:1.:. ..:.... I C2 0 UNDER S UNRNOWN 0 SPORT-TIRE UN000 3 . ;0:: I,, 6 IS, 9 0 OW _L UN OWN U 8 0 U 96086 C 0 27 W0RNUPEOSR[SSAOMINISRROTI0N, RURAL RESEARCO UNIT, AND RIFE RESETTLEMENT ADMINISTRATION, LAND USE PLANNING SECTION, COOPERATING JSNVANV INST TABLE 3. REGIONS REASONS OF FOR LEAVING STATE OF PREVIOUS PESIOENCR TEAR OF ARRIVAL REASONS FOR SELECTING OREGON III INADEQUATE 930 CLIMATE ATTITUDE TOWARD MOVE TO OREGON APPROXIMATE NET WORTH RESIDENCE OF FAMLIES YEARS OF AGE OF FAMILY PERSONS PEA FAMILY USUAL TEARs OF AXE OF OCCUPATIONS ALL PERSONS SF READS ON WESTERN GRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF DATA CONCERNING 68 FARM OPERATOR IMMIGRANT FAMILIES SETTLING IN RURAL AREAS IN OREGON IN 1930-1932. ARRJ PRESENT GAME EARLE $ Wool AND OVER OF RENDS OLOS TEARS ACRES IN TYPE OP ENGAGED IN FARMING FARMS OPERATED IN FARMS OPERATED PRESENT FARM OPEN 0 65 AND OVER 12 ST 55 AND OVER FARM F FARM 10 DR MORE EAORS S PUBLIC RELIEF LOCATION RECEIVED OrPVS FM ECONOMIC STANDPOINT E FGMES UNFAVORAMLE PRESENT EMPLOYMENT ECDSO 5000 GENERSL I DOE 5000 0F IIIE COOLAND P I GENEREL 5000 A DER GOOD GOOEY OREGON YES HEALTH V 1000- 4999 I000-4NSS 2CASO GRAIN LOFRE: = 0 TU $2 00$ SOMS9 I000*ASS 500S9R o 260 N 2699 C:N OR <!! 2 A CE EN $1001 TO $2000 ,.::MM:6M CT U 4R I W 35 R A A T A I15 59 9 FR IT FRUIT MM N5N RENTER PA I' ED 0 CONDITIONS COSES ECV $501 TO $000 ES LABORERS 3 ° ouo D 9 I LABORERS . 4_A FARMING URGE FOR 9 I 5099 6 DAIRY DOSS ,o) '\: V $101 TO $500 I I AL A L ( E) O ( -; 3 2 I F b----- I3 A I J C lATE COLLEGE AGRICULTURAL V OPE0IACGT 5100105, OGE WORKS I IF I I 2 6 I PGOGRESS AOMISIST001ION, 000AL RESEARCO UNIT, AND TIlE RESETTLEMENT ADMINISTRATION, LAND USE PLANNING SECTION, COOPERATING JUNUARY ISO? TABLE 4. GRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF DATA CONCERNING 205 NON-FARM OPERATOR IMMIGRANT FAMILIES SETTLING IN RURAL AREAS IN OREGON IN 1936. REGIONS OF REASONS YEAR FOR PREVIOUS RESOENC REASONS FUR OF LOVING ARRIVAL SELECTING ATTITUDE TOWARD MODE TO OREAON APPROXIMATE NET WORTH RESIDENCE OF FAMILIES RESIDENCE WESTESA EIUAJEST 1936 INADEQUATE TEARS OF PERSONS AGE PER FAMILY OF FAMILY READS N CLIMATE INCOME $4001 PAVORANjUNFAVORABES MMD OVER : . ECONOMIC STANDPOINT FAMIOES OPEN COUNTRY STAND OVER ID r PRESENT EMPLOYMENT OF HEADS HOUSEUOLDS STAND OVER FARM FARM OPERATORS 1' E YEARS ENGAGED ACRES IN IN OPERATED IN OPERATORS 5000 . OPPORTOMITT F 30 SOCML CONDITIONS ' . 2001 TO $ 3000 54 . H 19S31S35 ABNER YES OREGON 00 NOD 2 M . : 99 S EC L 060 35 M LOW LIVING EOSTS N % 3O I c.. I _L lI IJN. 465 ) .k'). TOWNS HECR ATIONAL FOCI TIES I % 3 II 33 (5 17S25N 4 FRUIT 26099 SN -- 4 I19259 . os-s. . / FARM LABORERS 00,74 FARM S. TRUCK 10017* .ze-. .: N 4-6 5099 I RENTER DOUBTFUL 5 STATES TRUCK 10017U C C DAIRY 5099 LABORERS C a MEDIUM -l) 21 :: o - SlUT 17S259 4oR I I C 7N 6OI LIX $ SOI TO $ 1000 A M'%!j. .)-'-',:. 302 0 ATVPEOF .: . 2 ?k. '.sa)... I. 3 -, CROP . C MG '. SE o 3 3 ADVERTISING CONDITIONS GOOD 2 CASH GRAIN / '-& 545 ECREUTIONAL 5000 GIlD OVER 009 ID 0 4999 0 RELATIVES OR FRIENDS DIMS CROP LAND GENERAL I ; WD O 5000 AND DOER L : I E000ArIORIAL RECEIVED 556 . :. I3 /.: t PUBLIC BELIER PRESENT FARM LOCATION I $300, ro $4000 65 o . - I. GENERAL AND DOER 50 101 . FARMS OPERATED z ID OR MORE E 2 TYPE FARMS FARMING MI I %.%Nj OREGON USUAL TEARS OF AGE OF OCCUPATIONS ALL PERSONS OF N C C N. ' DUO AL OPPONIUNITIES :.-: --, UAL . - RELIGIOUS OUTLET VISIT 2) :r!t::. ON S 0 0 .IOgIT? P o lOIS .. A . 1019 : OTRGU 9 STOCK C 5 2 ' 24A UNKNOWN TNYFUOLRST 3 VL 3 S CENTU (6i 0 :.::M -'. 2 6 Ii C !1R GE H3 - S9 2 R(:V. 0 0 V H w I H E : w1). N0.PANl I, AMO 3 .C. OW ON *9 ow C -. --- -------------------------------------- AIDE At REVEIILEMENI GlINISTR6TIDRN LAND USE PLANNING SECTION, COOPERATING N N Hill IN K 09 1464009 C JAMU.MRY INST TABLE 5. GRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF DATA CONCERNING 215 NON-FARM OPERATOR IMMIGRANT FAMILIES SETTLING IN RURAL AREAS IN OREGON IN 1933-1935. 2 3 a OF REASONS FOR REGIONS OF FOR o V 7 0 APPNOSIMATE SET WORTH 9 IV ATTITUDE TOWARD RESIDENCE MOVE TO OREGON Or :: CESIOENEE II 2 REARS OF AGE PERSONS PER OPEAMO FAMO IX YEARS OF AGE OF ALL PERSONS 14 IS IA 7 lB USUAL OCCUPATIONS PRESENT EMPLOYMENT YEARS ACRES IS TYPE OP ENGAGED OP PARSING FAMR 20 9 FARMS FARMS RESIDENCE RESIDENcE IN GENERAL 5000 22 21 PRESENT FARM INADEQUATE 1530 CLIMATE $4001 AND OVER :EçONONIC STASOPTIST 65*50 OVER OPEN IV OS AND OVER FARM FARM RR : 10DB MORE 5000 I --- I GENERAL SI 5000 HOOD 2 . tUG I 000-999 :f '. '-: IS OREGON CAN NA W00N99 0 5OON9N - / . 47 t 9 SPECIALTY ABA > $ :- 300P 4 B 99 0; CHOP ZR N 9 2 N 9 6 _______ UN 2 0 ON YES 25 BUSINESS 1FA OWNER 0 N SI 1 A. OEALTO WLPGflN SR I 1E C LOCATION 14N99 .:iLoYHCAY 00 0 $ U 25 PUBLIC RELIEF BATONS!;;: IV I 24 RECEIVED , WESTERN 23 W A%.. AUMTFL _______ 02 I F w CMI 75 2 9 - L N R :C / .'; I 76 ®:: I I± (5 254 N -----ça 0 ) 4 0 21 I - ___._ - 46 OWN I -.....-. . .- ....................... RMU IRE REAL I IL EMENR ADMINISTRATION LAND USE PLANNING SECTION, COOPERATING 0 090MW 1 1t1_ JANUARY 1937 TABLE 6. REGIONS REASONS TEAR GRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF DATA CONCERNiNG 70 NON-FARM OPERATOR IMMIGRANT FAMILIES SETTLING IN RURAL AREAS IN OREGON IN 1930-1932. TU0ATOWAR[REGWENcE REASONS NET WORTH REARS OF PERSONS S OCCUPATIONS EWPLOYMENT ENGAGED FAYNA RESIDENCE AL EQ PRESENT UR $ UNP000RARLJ SAME 0 C RO E LOCATION RELIEF T:I GEE A NE E GE 0 L PRESENT FARM ELRA 0 N H FARMS 000 4 I GO WF GO N ROAR N $3001 TO $4000 RECEIHEA 2 CASH GRAIN o OONNN ::5oy:: OPPORTUNITY : 9 $2001 To $3000 CROP 260 005 SOC ANN 13 __JT 7-9 H 75-259 N FRUIT 9 SN MEDIAN RENTER DOUBTFUL 0600 N 3 2 ' I 0 5 0 N S 6 IN) AWAITING $ 100 OR LESS : OUTLET RANCO :0. POOR TIN R STOCK TO lois 212 T Ii -- I N 21 70 30 39 OREGON GlarE 2, U6 k) cm LEOE OGRI GUI TUOALIOI'EUIMCNTSTOIION JIWIWLI I TI WOOES 1110001 SS AIIUINICTOO I ION, AURAl RE SCARCE ONlY. ONO THE YE SETTLEMENT AOMINISTRATICN. LANA USE PLANNING SECT ION, COOPERATING J JANUARY 937