Current Projects:
PARD HVA – HEV Architectures
A Micro HEV uses a combined starter / alternator
system, to enable the engine to be turned off when
the vehicle stops (e.g. at traffic lights), and to restart
the engine. The electric machine can also act as a
generator allowing some of the energy normally lost
as heat during braking to be recovered and used to
power auxiliary loads. This is known as regenerative
braking.
Micro/Mild Hybrid Powertrain
Engine
Motor
Battery
Power
Electronics
Tx
If the electric machine is used to assist the engine
during periods of acceleration this is a Mild HEV
Engine
Motor
Battery
Power
Electronics
Tx
A Full Parallel HEV is capable of driving
on electric power, engine power or a
combination of the two.
TTR Hybrid Powertrain
Full Parallel Hybrid Powertrain
Motor
A TTR HEV has two separate
powertrains, only connected by the
vehicle’s kinetic energy (Through-TheRoad).
Tx
Engine
Power
Electronics
Battery
Current Projects:
PARD HVA – HEV Architectures
Series Hybrid Powertrain HEV
A Series HEV uses the electric drive to drive the
vehicle, and the engine to either charge the
batteries or to directly power the electric
machine(s). It is capable of regenerative braking.
Engine
Generator
Motor
Tx
Power
Electronics
Battery
Combined Hybrid Powertrain
Engine
Battery
Generator
Motor
Tx
Power
Electronics
An Input Powersplit HEV uses a planetary gearset
to split the engine’s power between an electrical
path and a direct mechanical linkage to the wheels.
A
more complex derivative of this is the
Compound Coupled Powersplit HEV, which uses
two planetary gearsets, improving efficiency and
packaging of smaller electric machines.
A Combined HEV is capable of operating
as a series HEV or a parallel HEV.
Input Powersplit Hybrid Powertrain
Engine
Battery
PS
Motor
Generator
Power
Electronics
Tx
Current Projects:
PARD HVA – Hybrid vehicle database
Many Comparisons possible
Number of models
6
4
2
0
2
0
71+
0-15
Peak m otor pow er (kW)
16-25
26-40
41-70
71+
Peak m otor pow er (kW)
Data sourced from
suppliers,
Internet,
and literature survey
Data recorded includes:
Powertrain architecture
Lexus
Name of Model
ESR
Elten
RX 400h
Date Introduced
1994
1997
2005
Architecture
Series
Combined
Input Powersplit
Vehicle Segment
D
B
SUV
Status
Concept
Prototype
Commercial
•
Component power ratings
•
Electric drive voltages
•
Geographical location of development
•
Year of vehicle introduction
Timelines of HEV
development easily
demonstrated
Timeline of Commercially released HEVs
20
15
10
5
0
Year of model introduction
Testing
Commercial
2005
•
Subaru
2004
Vehicle weight
Mitsubishi
2003
•
Car Company
2002
Current status
Toyota
2001
•
Toyota
2000
Vehicle segment
Daimler Chrysler
1999
•
Manufacturer
1998
Component suppliers
1997
•
Hybrid Projects Database
1992
Vehicle Manufacturer
Cumulative number of new
models
•
1996
41-70
4
1995
26-40
6
1994
16-25
8
1993
Number of models
8
0-15
Over 350 different vehicles
including over 200 passenger
cars (as of 31/01/06)
Full Parallel Architecture
Powersplit Architecture
Current Projects:
PARD HVA – Hybrid Vehicle Model
The screenshot below shows a Mild Parallel HEV
configuration in the hybrid vehicle model.
Release 1 of software is now available to suppliers.
Drive Cycles
(e.g. NEDC)
Gear Shifts
(e.g. 5-spd)
Fuel Consumption
(g/s)
Battery SoC
(State-of-charge)
Current Projects:
Some PARD HVA & HVI suppliers
SCU (Supervisory Control Unit):
Engine:
Transmission:
Clutch:
Power Demand:
Battery:
Motor:
Completed Projects: HERO
(Hybrid-Electric Realised Off-road)
The HERO project designed, built, developed and evaluated a
parallel hybrid drivetrain and its control strategies for an offroad vehicle.
DTI Link ForesightVehicle funded project
WMG’s Contribution
VMU (Vehicle Management Unit) design for operation both on
and off-road
software design and rapid prototyping tool for the controller
code generation for the VMU implementation on an embedded
platform
Partners
Land Rover provided the vehicle platform – a Wolf (the military-specification Land Rover Defender)
Rover Group provided powertrain design and systems build
MST supplied the electrical machines and drives
DERA evaluated and tested the finished vehicle
WMG
Completed Projects: RHOLAB
(Reliable Highly Optimised PB-acid battery)
The RHOLAB project developed a lead acid traction battery
suitable for use in full hybrid electric passenger car vehicles. A
new traction battery was designed, built and fitted into a Honda
Insight, with the performance compared to that of a standard
baseline battery.
WMG’s Contribution
A new battery management system (BMS).
Partners
University of Sheffield
Hawker Energy
Provector
European Advanced Lead Acid Battery Consortium
WMG
Completed Projects:
Hylander (Hybrid Electric 4-wheel-drive)
Based on a 2.0l petrol Land Rover Discovery
Electric 4-wheel drive
Four individual electric motors and controller developed by Marconi
Two operating modes: electric and hybrid
Two prototype vehicles built
Regenerative braking enabled
Controlled by a Vehicle Management Unit (VMU) developed in-house (based on a Siemens
C167CR microcontroller)
Partners
Land Rover
WMG
Completed Projects: TETLEI
(Turbine Electric Taxi for Low Environmental Impact)
Funded by the European Commission, as a study of the feasibility of a low-emissions taxi
Two main operating modes: Zero emissions vehicle (ZEV) and Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)
Series Hybrid architecture based on a Range Rover as proof of concept for a taxi
Main Components: gas turbine genset, traction battery, electric motors
Two 45kW electric motors (one on each axle)
Regenerative braking enabled
Tested at NTUA in Greece
Partners
Rover
WMG
Turboenergie
Engine
Generator
Motor
OPRA
Renault
Imperial College, London
Battery
Power
Electronics
NTUA
Series Hybrid Powertrain
Tx