AOO003O4flI6E
HLI/l- !, I
4
SEPTEMBER 1982
SPECIAL PUBLICATION 4
STATE UB
INVERTEBRATES OFTHE
113. ANDREWS EXPERiMENTAL FOREST,
WESTERN CASCADE MOUNTAINS, OREGON:
A SURVEY OF ARThROpODS ASSOCIATED
WITH THE CANOPY OF OLD-GR()WFH
Pseudotsuga Menziesii
D.J. Voegtlin
FOREJT QE1EARCH
SCHOOL OF FORESTRY
OREGON STATE UNWERSITY
Since 1941, the Forest Research Laboratory--part of the
School of Forestry at Oregon State University in Corvallis-has been studying forests and why they are like they are. A
staff or more than 50 scientists conducts research to
provide information for wise public and private decisions on
managing and using Oregon's forest resources and operating
its wood-using
industries.
Because of this research,
Oregon's forests now yield more in the way of wood products,
water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Wood products are
harvested,
processed,
and
used
more
efficiently.
Employment, productivity, and profitability in industries
dependent on forests also have been strengthened. And this
research has helped Oregon to maintain a quality environment
for its people.
Much research is done in the Laborátoryff's facilities on the
campus.
But field experiments in forest genetics, younggrowth management, forest hydrology, harvesting methods, and
reforestation are conducted on 12,000 acres of School
forests adjacent to the campus and on lands of public and
private
cooperating
Northwest.
agencies
throughout
the
Pacific
With thes
publications, the Forest ReSeath Laboratory
supplies the results of its research to forest land. owners
and managers, to manufacturers and users of forest products,
to leaders of government and industry, and to the general
public.
The Author
David J. Voegtlin Is Assistant Taxonomist at the Illinois
Natural History Survey, Champaign, illinois.
Disclaimer
The mention of trade names or commercial products in this
publication
does
not
recomiendatIon for use.
constitute
endorsement
or
ToOrderCopies:
Copies of this and other Forest Research
Laboratory publications are available from:
Forest Research Laboratory
School of Forestry
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon 97331
Please include author(s), title, and publication number if
known.
CONTENTS
2 INTRODUCTION
2 STUDY AREA
3 CANOPY ACCESS
3 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
4 Sticky screens
4 Trunk sticky screens
4 Pitfalitraps
4 Tuligren sampling
5 Filtration
6 Vacuum
6 Blacklight
7 Cookie Cutter
7 REFERENCE SPECIMENS
7 DISCUSSION
8 ARTHROPOD LIST
8 Key
9 Collembola
9 Ephemeroptera
9 Orthoptera
10 Isoptera
10 Plecoptera
10 Psocoptera
10 Thysanoptera
11
Hemiptera
11 Homoptera
12 Neuroptera
13 Coleoptera
16 Trichoptera
17 Lepidoptera
19 Diptera
22 Hymenoptera
23 Acari
25 Araneae
27 LITERATURE CITED
29 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The first of a group )t papers on invertebrates of the H.J.
Andrews Experimental Forest w as published in 1981 by the
Forest and Range Experiment St it ion
Pacific Northwest
(Robert E. Lewis and Chris Maser, Invertebrates of the H.J.
. Au
Andrews Experimental Forest, W astern Cascades, Oregon.
Annotated Checklist of Fleas, Research Note PNW-378). The
present paper is the second in this group.
INTRODUCTION
Research on arthropods associated with the
crowns
of
large
trees
has
been limited
The
because of the difficulty of access.
variety of methods that has been used to
collect
canopy
arthropods
includes
insecticidal treatment by airplane (Martin
1966, Gagne 1979, Wolda 1979), hoisting traps
lines
over
on ropes
placed
shooting
by
branches with a bow and arrow (Sweney and
Jones 1975), beating beech stems with clubs
(Nielsen
branches
1975a,b),
and
beating
throughout a tree to drop the arthropods onto
large
1960).
Lepointe
sheets
(Horegott
large
(1956)
covered
branches
with
cylindrical
bags,
then severed
them and
fumigated the contents to knock down the
insects.
Dahlsten
(1979)
severed
and
carefully lowered one-third of the branches
of white fir trees, then removed the insects
by beating the branches over large collecting
sheets.
Engel (1941) cut down entire pines
onto large sheets and beat the branches
to
obtain the arthropods.
Direct access to the
canopy has been made by scaffoldings (Morris
1955), by a small elevator attached to a
large Sequoiadendron
gigantea
(Stecker
1973),
more
recently,
an
easy,
and
by
nondestructive method using modified rock1972,
climbing techniques (Denison et al.
Perry 1980).
Investigations into the structure of the
canopy of old growth Pseudotsuga rnenziesii
(Mirb.) Franco and the species, distribution
and biomass of macro-and microepiphytes within the canopy were begun in the early 1970's
in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest on
the west slope of the Cascade Mountains in
Oregon (Denison et al. 1972, Pike et al.
studies
1972, Pike et al. 1975).
In 1975,
were begun in the same area
to examine
nutrient movement within the canopy, which
was of special interest due to the abundance
Lobaria oregana (Tuck.) Mull.
of
Arg.,
a
nitrogen-fixing lichen.
Included in these
studies was
a
survey
of
the arthropods
associated with the canopy.
Other surveys of arthropods associated with
Douglas-fir or the Douglas-fir forest area
have been made (Bedard 1938, Deyrup 1975,
Deyrup 1981, Mispagel and Rose 1978) and are
continuing to be made in the H.J. Andrews
Experimental Forest.
But these surveys are
confined to the soil, aquatic, and shrub
strata,
or to
trees whose canopy can be
reached without the major climbing technology
required for Douglas-fir.
An old
growth Douglas-fir canopy is extenIt might best be viewed as a truncated
approximately 10 m in diameter at its
base, starting as low as 20 m from the ground
and reaching nearly 80 m (Franklin et al.
1981).
Examination of epiphyte distribution
has shown that the canopy can be divided into
several habitats, each characterized by certain epiphytic species (Pike et al. 1975). A
similiar set of distinctive arthropod habitats occurs in the canopy:
the trunk with
its
deeply
fissured
bark
and
scattered
epiphytes, the large moss bolsters found on
some of the lower branches, the large clumps
of epiphytes on branches throughout the tree,
the
twig
and
needle
surfaces,
and
the
accumulated
debris
(lodged
litter)
often
found on the upper surface of the large
branch systems. The goal of this project was
to collect the arthropod taxa associated with
these habitats.
sive.
cone,
STUDY AREA
sites are located in the H. J.
The study
Andrews Experimental Forest (an Ecological
approximately 75 km
Environmental Reserve,
east of Eugene, Oregon in the Cascade MounThe three trees used were located in
tains.
relatively undisturbed old growth stands of
Pseudotsuga rnenziesii, Tsuga heterophyila
and Thuja plicata Donn. corre(Raf.) Sarg.
sponding to the Tshe/Rhma/Bene community of
Franklin and Dyrness (1973).
Two of the trees, El Capitan and Neptune,
were located in Watershed 2 (T15S R5E Sec 31
SE1/4) near Lookout Creek, elevation 450 m.
The third, Fangorn, was located about 0.5 km
south of Lookout Creek along the Mack Creek
road (T15S R5E Sec 28 SE1/4),
elevation 625
The trees were approximately 450 years
m.
old,
1.5 m diameter at breast height, and
75-78 m tall.
El Capitan and Neptune had
been documented as to structure,
epiphyte
3
presence, biomass, and surface areas of all
major components (see Pike et al. 1977 for a
description of an old growth Douglas-fir
When
similar to those used in this survey).
possible, sampling was designed to correlate
with the previous data base and sampling
techniques of the detailed studies of El
Capitan and Neptune.
CANOPY ACCESS
With the aid of stirrups and body harness
attached to jumars clipped on a top-anchored
rope and a safety belay, climbers made rapid,
canopy with
easy, and repeated access to the
minimum habitat disruption (Denison 1973).
Safety precautions limited the movement of
they
the climbers within the canopy,
as
remained attached to the ropes at all times.
Lateral access was essentially limited to 3 m
or less in any direction from the trunk.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
The techniques used were standard methods
adapted for use in the canopy.
The variety
ot within-canopy habitats necessitated sever-
sticky traps-
976
al specific
(Fig. 1).
sampling
and
regimes
978
1977
Fangorn
methods
I
sticky traps
El Capiton
Tullgren
w
a
filtration
z
I
intensive
filtration
pitfall
I-
0
___________________________
______ _________
z
:i
cookie cutter
a-
vacuum
______________________________
U-)
blacklight
trunk sticky
traps
J-MIA_JIJ_SO-DJ_MIA-JJ-S
O-D
J-MIA-JJ-SIO-D
TIME PERIOD
FIGURE 1
ARTHROPOD SAMPLING IN ThE CANOPY OF OLD GROWTH DOUGLAS-FIR IN THE H. J. ANDREWS EXPERIMENTAL
FOREST, OREGON, 1976-1978. SOLID BARS REPRESENT DATA SETS THAT CAN BE DIRECTLY CORRELATED TO
A SPECIFIC HABITAT QUANTITY (BY WEIGFIT).
4
Sticky screens
The use of sticKy material is a familiar and
the
but
effective way to collect insects,
data are difficult to relate quantitatively
to
the
habitat.
Damage
to
the
insects
captured on
sticky materials is
also a
problem, hut with care it can be minimized
for many orders.
The structure of the large trees is such that
sticky screens could not be pulled up and
down on ropes running along the trunk.
Rather,
halyards were attached at three
levels within the canopy and operated from
points at some distance from the base of the
tree.
The
location of
each halyard was
determined by available access points.
Onefourth-inch (0.64
cm) mesh hardware cloth
was cut to 20 x 25 cm pieces anJ 20 x 20 cm
of
each piece was covered with Stickem Special®.
Four screens were attached to each
halyard (Fig. 2), the attachment points such
that the bottom screen on each halyard was
completely outside the canopy, the third at
the outer edge, the second in the middle, and
the first near the trunk.
Because of
the
slope of the rope halyards, the bottom screen
of
the upper halyard was slightly below the
top
screen of the middle halyard.
However,
specimens taken on this screen were still
considered to be from the upper canopy.
Samples were
initially taken on halyards
attached to El Capitan, but later the halyards were moved to Fangorn.
On both trees
sticky screens were changed every 2 weeks.
Insects were removed by soaking the screens
in hot kerosene until the specimens dropped
off.
The hot kerosene and insects were then
filtered through a Buchner funnel and the
filter paper and specimens allowed to air
dry.
For sorting, specimens were rehydrated
in 70% alcohol.
By this method they received
little mechanical damage during removal.
Trunk sticky screens
Screens of the same size and structure as
those on halyards were held in place a small
distance away from the trunk (Fig. 3).
Four
screens, located on Fangorn (Fig.
2), were
changed every 2 weeks.
PULLEY
mm
STICKY SCREENS
6Onm
PITFALL
AND TRUNK
STICKY
SCREEN
HALYARD TO
GROUND
/7 $'
31 mm
Bark was chipped away on Fangorn to form
plastic conhollows for one-liter
round
tainers attached to the trunk with a large
flat-head nail at the same heights as the
trunk sticky screens (Fig.
Water and
2).
ethylene glycol were placed in the containers, which were emptied every 2 weeks.
Tiny
holes below the rim allowed water to escape
in heavy rain.
21 m
Tuligren sampling
II
44mm
41
mm
\
DOUBLE ROPE
Pitfall traps
Samples of epiptiytes occurring on the large
branches were taken at biweekly intervals.
On each sampling date, a branch was randomly
middle,
chosen from each stratum (upper,
FIGURE 2
SCHEMATIC OF AN OLD GROWTH DOUGLAS-FIR TREE,
SHOWING THE ARRANGEMENT OF HALYARDS AND STICKY
SCREENS, PITFALL TRAPS, AND TRUNK STICKY
SCREENS.
5
lower), and three samples were taken on each
branch.
Each sample, consisting of all epiphytes on a 1 dm section of the branch, was
bagged separately in a plastic bag and taken
to the laboratory for extraction in Tullgren
funnels (Fig.
4).
Collecting bottles contained tap water.
Extraction was effected in
less
than 1
week, most specimens being extracted in 2 to 3 days.
All epiphytes were
taken from Neptune.
Filtration
The needle and twig (branchlet) habitat has
the highest surface area of all the tree
components
(3,000 m2/tree)
(Pike et
al.
1977).
A sampling method called "Filtration"
extended from the third quarter of 1976 to
the third quarter of 1977,
and a method
called "Intensive Filtration' from the last
quarter of 1977 through 1978 (Fig.
1).
During filtration,
one living and one dead
branchiet wer
taken from each of
three
RUBBER
STOPPER
NAIL HEAD
20 x 25 cm /4'
branches every 2 weeks.
During intensive
filtration,
three living branchiets were
taken from each of three branches every 2
weeks, one branchiet near the trunk, one at
the outer limit of access, and one between.
Each was bagged separately. Removal of arthropods was effected in the laboratory by
washing a branchlet under a high pressure jet
of water.
The wash was then filtered through
a set of nested sieves (Fig. 5) consisting of
16-, 40-, 100-, and 200-mesh stainless steel
cloth (pore size 1.13mm, 380 um, 140 um, and
74 um respectively).
The contents of each
sieve were washed into petri dishes for
;-)___
;
FIGURE 4
TULLGREN FUNNEL BOX WITH VENTILATION HOLES IN
THE COVER AND RHEOSTATICALLY CONTROLLED
LIGHTS.
SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED INTO BOTTLES
WHICH SCREWED INTO THE CAP FIXED TO THE BOTTOM
OF EACH FUNNEL.
HARDWARE
CLOTH
DOUBLE HEADED NAIL
SMALL 1 HOLE RUBBER
STOPPER
SCREEN
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 5
DETAIL OF ATTACHMENT OF TRUNK STICKY SCREENS.
HOLES IN OUTER RUBBER STOPPERS MUST BE SMALL
ENOUGH TO GRIP THE NAIL HEAD TIGHTLY.
NESTED SIEVES USED FOR FILTRATION OF BRANCHLET
WASH.
(PORE SIZES:
1.13 mm, 380 urn, 140 urn,
74 urn).
6
counting, which proved to be an effective
The sieves collected organisms as
small as tardigrades and rotifers.
All samples were taken from Neptune.
method.
U
BOLT
x
I
METAL STRAP
Vacuum
A portable vacuum system, made with an Echo
PB_9® blower,
could be carried into the
A sheet
canopy without much difficulty.
metal box was built to fit over the air
intake (Fig. 6) and joined by a short length
air tube.
the
of wire-reinforced hose to
Womens' knee length nylon stockings were used
for collecting bags because they stretched
into the air intake tube, were easily removed
durable,
and
and
tied,
were cheap
and
Samples
collected even very small mites.
were taken biweekly from Neptune on the same
filtration
chosen
for
the
live branches
All
foliage
surface
that
could be
samples.
reached was vacuumed.
FLUORESCENT
LIGHT FIXTURE
WITH ULTRAVIOLET
BULB
COLLECTING
CAN WITH
SCREENED
BOTTOM TO
ALLOW RAIN
SMALL CLOTH BAG
,vWITH CYANIDE
FLOW-
CRYSTALS
THROUGH
GALVANIZED METAL
BOX FOR
BALLAST
FROM
LIGHT
Blacklight
POWER CORD
FIXTURE
BATTERY
<
POP RIVET
A
large funnel-shaped blacklight trap (Fig.
7) constructed with components taken from a
light fixture designed for campers, was
The
pulled to the 40-45 m level by halyard.
light was set in the funnel so that it could
Power was supplied
be seen only from above.
FIGURE 7
THE U-BOLT WAS FASThNED TO
BLACKLIGHT TRAP.
A
LOCKING CARABINER WHEN THE
HALYARD
BY
THE
TRAP WAS PULLED INTO THE CANOPY.
FIGURE 6
FRONT AND BACK VIEW OF ThE PORTABLE VACUUM SYSTEM, DEVISED WITH AN ECHO PB-9 BLOWER, SHOWING
THE ADAPTATION OF THE INTAKE AND THE CONNECTION OF THE FLEXIBLE HOSE WITH THE COLLECTING
ThE COLLECTION BAG WAS HELD IN PLACE BETWEEN THE STRAIGHT TUBE AND THE CURVED END
TUBE.
PIECE.
7
from a 12-volt battery suspended immediately
below the trap.
Blacklight samples were
taken biweekly from Fangorn.
Cookie cutter
Samples 1 dm2 were cut from large moss
bolsters with a knife, though the original
intention had been to make a square punch
similar to a cookie cutter for this purpose.
One
sample of moss and underlying soil was
taken from each bolster every month for 1
year.
Arthropods were extracted from these
samples with Tullgren funnels.
All samples
were taken from Fangorn.
REFERENCE SPECIMENS
As new taxa were encountered, a reference
bottle containing the specimen was given a
four-letter and one-number code (e.g. ACAR 24
was the 24th mite taxon).
Reference to a
taxon was always by this code.
The bottles
were kept in racks in front of the sorting
microscopes for easy reference.
For each
taxon, representative specimens from the reference collection and the biweekly samples
were sent to specialists for determination
(see p. 29). The reference series and entire
canopy collection has been deposited in the
Systematic Entomology Laboratory of Oregon
State University, Corvallis, Oregon.
DISCUSSION
The sampling techniques were developed to
look at
the tree from the lowest branch to
the
top.
All of the major habitats were
examined with the exception of intermediate
size branches that were too large to cut off
and bag
and which were generally beyond
reach.
That habitat, however, is not a large
percentage of
the canopy surface area (Pike
al.
et
1977).
A sampling technique for
intermediate branches could not be found that
would prevent major disruption of other tree
surfaces. Most of the techniques worked well
throughout the year, and some arthropods were
collected by every method in every sampling
period.
Taxonondc categories in the reference series number approximately 1,500.
In
spite of efforts to prevent a category from
containing more than one taxon, some of the
supposed monospecific categories had as many
as three species.
In some cases, different
categories were conspecific.
For many arthropod groups, taxa can be separated only by
experts after special preparation,
a
task
beyond the scope of this survey.
Determination was a long,
slow process and
for some groups impossible. It is hoped that
the group of identified taxa contains the
main arthropods associated with the canopy of
old
growth
Douglas-fir,
at
least
in
the
Cascade Mountains of Oregon.
As far as can
be determined
from the literature and from
observations of stages of the life cycle in
the canopy,
few of the collected species
spend their entire life cycle within the
tree,. and most of those which do
are small,
e.g.
Marina, Collembola, Araneae, and Psocoptera.
is difficult to compare this study with
the many canopy studies in the literature.
Some focus on only one species or specific
group of insects or arthropods, and detailed
lists are not given. Three studies on canopy
fauna that are similarly comprehensive are
those by Horegott (1960), Martin (1966), and
Wolda (1979).
Horegott examined the canopy
of Pinus sylvestris L. and found 256 species
of arthropods.
Martin looked at the insect
It
fauna of
different-aged stands of
Pinus
resinosa Aiton over a 4-year period and found
a composition of
insects similar to that
observed in the Douglas-fir canopy, but most
of the quantitative data are given as percentages. The numbers of species stated, ten
species of Collenibola, four of mites and two
of psyllids, suggest a total number lower
than that in the Douglas-fir canopy.
Wolda
catches made under
the Panama Canal
In the
Zone after fogging with pyrethrum.
looked
at Homoptera
Luehea seemanii
in
trees
in
Homoptera alone there were 332 species, which
is
an order of magnitude greater than the
number in the Douglas-fir canopy. He found,
species was
however,
that the number of
closely correlated with the number of vines
in the canopy, which suggests that not all
species
were
directly
associated
with
the
Luehea seemanii.
It appears that the Douglas-fir canopy has
the greatest diversity of arthropods known of
any temperate canopy system yet studied.
the intenThis diversity may be a result of
sive year-round sampling or of the examination of the microhabitats within the tree, or
it may be that the methods sampled much of
the surrounding habitat as well.
The time
required for examining the canopy with eight
techniques limited the data that could be
gathered on any one species.
The following
species list should,
our
however, enhance
knowledge of faunal diversity in the canopy
of
old growth Douglas-fir trees,
and therefore of the arthropod diversity in west-side
midelevation coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest.
ARTHROPOD LIST
Of the approximately 1,500 taxa collected, about 700 are represented by only 1 or 2 specimens.
Some of these are identified, but the priority was to obtain names of the most abundant taxa.
The following list contains more than 500 taxa, about 75 percent of all the specimens
collected, determined at least to genus.
the arrangement of Borror, DeLong, and Triplehorn (1976).
Acari and Araneae follow the Insecta. In
Genera within a family are arranged alphabetically.
the Acari, families are arranged alphabetically within each suborder.
The Insecta are ordered after
Some names are not followed by information because the taxonomic category label was separated
Other specimens were taken from multispecific
from the specimen during determination.
taxonomic categories, therefore no information is available.
information is given on abundance, canopy location, canopy habitat,
sampling technique, season of capture, and stage of maturity (refer to Key).
After each taxon name,
Key
Abundance
*
= one specimen
Sampling technique
** = 2-10 specimens
= 11-100 specimens
= 101 or more specimens
Canopy location
u = upper canopy
m
1
Canopy habitat
br
ae
ep
tr
jim
middle canopy
= lower canopy
=
=
=
=
=
branchiet
aerial
epiphyte
trunk
moss
Season of capture
sticky screens
trunk sticky screens
pftfall traps
tuligren
=
filtration
va = vacuum
bi = blacklight trap
co = cookie
ss
ts
pf
tu
fi
1
2
3
4
Stage
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
quarter
quarter
quarter
quarter
inn = immature
(Jan.-March)
(April-May)
(June-Sept.)
(Oct.-Dec.)
Taxonomic category
Abundance
Location
Habitat
Technique
u,m
br
fi
3,4
imm,adult
m
m
tr
br
pf
fi
2,3
imxn,adult
u,m
br
fi
2,3,4
imm,adult
1,4
imm,adult
Season
Stage
Collembola
Poduridae
Hypoastrura (Ceratophysella)
pseudoarnxzta (Folsom)
Nea'1ura setosa Canby
Oriychiurus (Protapor'ura)
**
voeatlini Christiansen & Bellinger
Xeiylla hunicola (O.Fabricius)
Isotomidae
Isotoroc (Desoria) sp. cf. niorifrons
(Folsom)
****
u,m,l
tr,ep
tu,co,ts,pf
4
adult
Isotoroa (Pseudisotoroa) n7onochaeta Kos.
Isotoix (Pseudisotonr) serisibilis Tullberg
Isotonr (Vertacopus) u'borea
(Linnaeus)
The four Isotoma species listed above cannot be separated accurately in alcohol (they must be
They have been included in one category.
An in-depth study of these species
slide mounted).
might yield interesting data on within-canopy habitat partitioning or even phenological
partitioning, though most collections of these species were made during the rainy season.
**
pf
adult
Metisotorrz praridiceps (Reuter)
1
tr
1
Tetracanthella christianseni Cassagnau ****
tu,fi
u,m,l
ep,br
1,2,3,4 imm,adult
and Usellia sp. nov.
They were collected from
These two species fell into one category when sorting from alcohol.
two rather distinct habitats, and it seems possible that one may be associated with the
branchiet habitat and the other with the epiphyte-lodge litter habitat. The Uzelia sp. has
been sent to
nsieur L. Dehaveng (Universite Paule Sabatier, Toulouse, France), who will
describe this new species.
*
Tomocerus fi erscens Tullberg
ae
ss
u
Entomobryiidae
ntomohrya triaulcris Schott
*
tr,ep
no
This immigrant species is spreading across North America.
*
Sinella sexoculata (Schott)
Vntomobrya U' 25 r-toata Stach
Sminthuridae
Arrophalites diversus Mills
Dicyrtoma (Pterzothrix) beta
Christiansen & Bellinger
Dicyrtorxz nvculosa (Schott)
uadrirnaculatus (Ryder)
Sininthurinus
***
***
u,m,l
tu,pf,co
1,2,3,4
m,l
co
3
m,l
u,m,l
1
****
u,m,l
no
br
tr
tr,ep
co
va,fi
pf
tu,co,pf
adult
imm,adult
1,4
imm,adult
imm,adult
1,4
1,4
imm,adult
imm,adult
4
Ephemeroptera
Most inayflies were caught by sticky screens and were generally in such poor condition they
We recognized six taxa and collected about 100
were not sent out for determination.
Specimens that were sent out were determined only to family: two Baetidae and two
specimens.
Heptageniidae.
Orthoptera
Gryl lidae
Pristoceathophilous cercialis Caudell
Pristocevthophilous sargentae Gurney
**
**
u,m,l
u,m,l
tr
tr
pf,ts
pf,ts
3
3
adult
adult
10
Taxonomic category
Abundance
Location
Habitat
Technique
m
ae
bl,ss
u
u
ae
ae
ae
u,m,l
u,m,t
Season
Stage
3
adult
ss
ss
ss
2,3
1,2
adult
adult
adult
ae
ss
1,2
adult
ae
as
1,2
adult
Isoptera
Hodotermltidae
Plecoptera
Nemouridae
Swelfsa oreaonensis
Sweltsa fratera
Zapada circtipes
(Frison)
(Frison)
(Banks)
**
m
3
Leuctridae
Paraleuctra occide?talis
(Banks)
**
Capniidae
Capriia projecta
Frison
Psocoptera
One type was
The eggs of two species were collected during filtration sampling of branchlets.
They were at times abundant
predominant in quarters 1 and 4 and the other in quarter 2.
Often it was possible to find eggs
(****) and could be determined easily as Psocoptera.
We could not positively match them with the adults.
hatching.
Trogiidae
Cerobasis sp.
u,m
tr
3
imm,adult
tu,cc
1,2,3,4
imm,adult
as
2,3
imm,adult
pf
Liposcelidae
Liposcelis sp.
u,m,l
Elipsocidae
Reuterelia
ivinacula
(Enderlein)
**
u,m
ep,mo
ae
Lachesillidae
Lacesilla pacfica
Chapman
Ectopsocidae
Ectopsocus californicus
Ectopsocus sp.
(Banks)
Amphipsocidae
Teliapsocus coriterrriirius
(Walsh)
*
****
****
adult
u,m,l
u,m,l
ae
as
ae,tr,br
ss,pf,fi
3,4
2,3
1mm, adult
u,m,l
ae,br,tr
ss,va,pf
2,3
imm,adult
Caeciliidae
Caecilius boreus Mockford
Caecilius bur,'neisteri Brauer
Cascilius perplexes Chapman
m
u,m,l
ae,br
ae
**
Some specimens of this species were mixed with 7. burrneister.
**
ae
Graphopsocus cruciatus (Linnaeus)
u,m,l
2,3,4
adult
adult
ss
3,4
adult
ss
as
2,3,4
adult
adult
bl,fi
ss,ts
3
Psocidae
Amphiaerontia confraterna
Leonsia rnaculosa (Banks)
(Banks)
****
***
u,m,l
m,l
ae
ae
3
Thysanoptera
Many immature thrips were collected in quarters 2, 3, and 4 on sticky screens
filtration of branchlet washings. We could not associate them with the adults.
and
in
11
Abundance
Taxonomic category
Aeolothripidae
**
Aeolothrips sp.
Location
Habitat
Technique
Season
Stage
m,l
ae
ss
2,3
adult
ss,fi,va
ss,va,fi
1,2,3,4
1,2,3
ss
2,3
adult
adult
adult
Thripidae
Lirnothrips sp.
u,m,l
u,m,l
u,m
ae,br
ae,br
1
u,m,l
ae,br
ss,fi,va
2,3,4
2
1
ae
ss
2,3
adult
adult
m
ae
bl
3
adult
ss
3
OXyt2ripS sp.
Scritothrips sp.
ae
Phlaeothripidae
Leptothrips sp.
Leptotirips sp.
Hemiptera
Corixidae
Callicorixa uulnerata
(Uhler) and
Hungerford
Ce'iocorixa wileljae
Miridae
**
CerafoCapsus sp.
Eurychilopteralla sp.
**
ae
This species is being described by V. Razafimahatratra and J. D.
*
ae
1
Bliven
nov.
u,l
Irbisia seerafci
u,m,1
Orthotylinae
Paraproba riiprinerVs
Van Duzee
*
1
u,m,l
u,m,l
u,m
Phylinae
Phytocoris spp.
Piagiopnathus sp.
ae,br,tr
ae
ae
ae
ae
imm,adult
adult
Lattin.
ss
ss,bl,va,pf
ss
ss
ss
ss,bl
2
3
3
2,3
3
3
adult
adult
adult
imm,adult
adult
adult
Reduviidae
Empicoris 5.
adult
adult
*
Zelus sp.
*
Tingidae
CoryhucJ2a .uia
Drake
**
a
ae
ss
3
adult
*
u
ae
ss
2
adult
1
ae
ae
ae
ae
br
ae
ss
ss
ss
ss
Va
bl
bi
2
adult
adult
Aradidae
Aradus ep.
Lygaeidae
Crophius sp.
Erernocoris sp.
Gastr'odes sp.
Xleidocerys sp.
*
p.
*
VeaCOPyp2US
**
m,l
*
**
**
ivysius sp.
Sphrapisticus riebuZosu8
(Fallen)
m,l
u
in
ae
*
2,4
j
3
2
3
3
Coreidae
Leptoglossus occidentalis
Heidemann
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
*
Homoptera
Cercopidae
Aphrophora perniutata
**
Uhler
Cicadellidae
Aceratagallia caiiforriica
(Baker)
Amblysellus arex (Oman)
Balciutha purzctata (Fabricius)
Cuerna sp.
u,m
ae
ss
3,4
adult
***
u,m,l
1,2
u
ae
ae
ae
ae
ss,va,ts
*
ss
ss
ss
3
adult
adult
adult
adult
u,m,l
*
m
1,2
2
12
Taxononiic category
Abundance
mpoasca sb cello Metcalf
Finpoasca filarnenta DeLong
Euscelidius zariegatus (Kirschbaum)
Exitiarus exitiosus (Uhier)
Idiocerus alternatus Fitch
**
Habitat
Technique
Season
Stage
u,m,1
ae
ae
bl,ss
3,4
bl
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
3
4
3
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
u,m
ss
3
*
*
1
**
*
u
u
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
as
**
m
ae
ss,ts
1,2
adult
u
ae
ae
ss,ts
ss,ts
3
2,3
adult
adult
*
**
Japarianus hyalius (Osborn)
*
Osbornellus borealis DeLong & Musgrave
Scaphytopius acutus cirrus Musgrave
**
Ste,wcoelidia lirieata (Baker)
Typhlocyllinae sp.
Location
in
u,m
m
u,l
3
1,2
3
3
Cixiidae
Cixius sp.
Achi lidae
Spiptera fusiformes (Van Duzee)
Syriedoche 'enioralis (Van Duzee)
*
u,m,l
Psyllldae
**
Aphabora sp.
m
ae
ss
4
adult
**
Craspedolepta sp.
1
ae
ss
3,4
adult
**
Psylba sp.
u,m
ae
ss
4
adult
**
Psyllinae
m,l
as
ss
4
adult
**
Trioaa sp.
u
ae
ss
4
adult
Some species identified from canopy material were separated from the reference code number so
they cannot be associated with particular data: Psylla minor Crawford, Trioza frontalis
Crawford, and Trioza minuta Crawford.
Aphididae
Ciiara pseudotaxifolias Palmer
F]ssiqelba wilsoni Hottes
**
Mindarus sp.
Liroleucon sp.
**
Miscellaneous alatae
Acyrthosiphon piewn (Harris)
Aphis sp.
Cavariella sp.
Disaphis sp.
Forda fortn'cara von Heyden
Porda rnarinata (Koch)
Windars obliqueness Cholodkovsky
Metapolophiwn drrhodum (Walker)
Nearataphis bakeri (Cowen)
Pariphyflu californiensia (Shinji)
Ads lgidae
Adelpes coolezyi (Gillette)
Co ccidae
Nucobaspis californica (Coleman)
Ps eudococcidae
Puto cupressi (Coleman)
m
br
fi,ss
ss,ti,v
2,3
imm,adult
inim,adult
u,m,l
u,m,l
u,m,l
u,m,l
ae,br
****
u,m,l
ae,br
ss,v,fi
1,2,3,4 imm,adult
****
u,m,l
hr
fi,v
1,2,3,4 imm,adult
***
u,tn,l
ae,br
ss,fi
****
**
**
**
ae
ae
ae
as
ss
ss
2,3,4
3,4
3
2,3,4
adult
adult
adult
*
**
**
*
*
*
**
1
imm,adult
Many immature mealy bugs were collected, but they could not be determined.
Neuroptera
Immature Stages
u,m,l
ep,tr
co,tu,pf
1,2,3
mm
13
Taxonomic category
Abundance
Raphidiidae
Raphidia (Agulla) assirr,iiis Albarda
Raphidia (Aguila) herbsti EsbenPetersen
Coniopterygidae
Coiopteryx latipalpis Meinander
Coiiopteryx SP.
Cowentsia pireticola Enderlein
Helicocoris sirsilis Meinander
Semidalis arusta (Banks)
Hemerobiidae
Henierobius bistrigatus Currie and
Henierobius kokaneeanus Currie
Hemerobius eadelphus Gurney and
Henierobius stignzterus Fitch
Hernerobius ovalis Carpenter
Hemerobius pacificus Banks
Micronve variolosus Hagen
Location
**
u,m
Habitat
Technique
Season
ae,tr
Stage
ss,pf,ts
2,3
1
ae
ss
2
u,m,l
u,m,l
ss
sS
bl
2,3
2,3
m
ae
ae
ae
3
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
***
u,m,l
ae
ss
1,2
adult
***
u,m,l
ae
ss
1,2,4
adult
***
***
**
u,m,l
u,m,l
m
ae
ae
ae
ss
ss
1,2,4
1,4
2,3
adult
adult
adult
***
u,m,l
ae
1,2,3,4
adult
3
adult
1,2
3,4
adult
adult
4
adult
4
adult
adult
adult
*
**
**
*
*
*
ss,bl
adult
adult
Chrys opidae
Chrjsopa cameo Stephen
ss,bl,ts
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
***
Acrolocha creriulata Hatch
u,m
ae
ss
Aleocharinae
Many species of this difficult group were collected throughout the canopy.
***
Aniphichroum nzculaturn Horn
u,m,l
ae
ss
****
A?2thohium sirluoswn Hatch
u,m,l
ae
ss
Atheta spp.
Several species were collected, but all were rare.
**
Ephelinus arisoierisis Bernhauer
u,m,l
ae
ss
Lordithon sp.
**
Mycetoporus sp.
u,l
ae
ss
****
Olophrwn stouti Hatch
u,m,l
ae,tr
ss,pf
"
Olophrum sp.
u,m,l
ae,tr
ss,ts
Omaliini
Several species were collected, most on sticky screens, quarters 1 and 2.
**
Oinalium spp.
u,m
tr,ep
pf,tu
*
Pelecomaliwn testacewn Manrterheini
ae
m
ss
***
Pseudohaida i'igrata Hatch
u,l
ae
ss
Kylodmonis depressus Gravenhorst
u,m,l
ae,tr
ss,ts,pf
A large number
identified.
of
what
Pselaphidae
Batrisodes albioriicus (Aube)
Oropus spp.
we
consider
to
Staphyltnidae
be
*
larvae
were
1,3,4
3,4
1,4
2
1,2
1,2,4
collected
adult
adult
adult
adult
but
**
u,m,l
ae
ae
ss
ss
2,3
adult
adult
**
u,m
ae
ss
1,2
adult
2
Pt iliidae
Acratrichis sp.
Scydmaenidae
Lophioderus sp.
*
Dascillidae
Macropogori piCeus LeConte
*
adult
U
ae
ss
2
adult
not
14
Location
Habitat
Technique
*
1
*
1
ae
ae
ss
ss
u,l
ae
ae
ae
ss
ss
ss
Abundance
Taxonoinic category
Season
Stage
Scarabaeidae
Aphodius sp. 1
Apiwdius sp. 2
Sen
1
3
adult
adult
Ccl sp.
Buprestidae
ArtJiaxia deleta deleta
u,m
LeConte
LeConte
drwnmondi Kirby
Athaxia expasa
Melaropila
*
**
1
2,3
2
3
adult
adult
adult
2,3
adult
adult
Throscidae
Pactopus zorrii
LeConte
*
Trixaaus rne-idax
(Horn)
**
m
tr
Anipedus carbonicoior
**
u
Anipedus rhodopus
**
**
1
1
**
u,m,1
a
u,m,l
ss
ss
ss
ss
2,3
2,3
Ctenicera
Cteriicera sp.
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
bi
ss
3
3
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
u,l
ae
ss
3
adult
ts,tu
Elateridae
Eschscholtz
LeConte
LeConte
opacula (LeConte)
Ctericera falsifica alaris
MeqapeMthes caprellus
LeConte
2
2,3
Eucnemidae
Drorriaeolus basilis
**
(LeConte)
Lycidae
Dictyopterus sinrplicipes
adult
*
Mannerheim
Cantharidae
Maitbodes flexuosus
***
***
Fender
LeConte
pi?iphilus Dejean
Podabrus cavicollis
Podabrus
Podabrus pruriosus diversipes
lutea
2
3
2
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
u,m,1
*
a
ep
tu
3
adult
**
u
a
ss
ss
***
u,m,l
ae
ae
tr
2
*
adult
adult
adult
Fall
Podabrus sp.
Silis
2,3
2,3
2,3
ae
ae
ae
ae
as
ae
u,m,l
u,m,l
u,m,l
**
u
*
1
LeConte
ss
ss,bl
ss
ss
ss
ss
Dermestidae
Troaoderna
sp.
De rondont idae
Laricobius niaririus Fender
Laricobius sp.
Peltastica tuberculat:z Mannerheim
1
pf,ts
1,4
Anobi idae
Frriohius sp.
Steiobiwn pariicewn
Kyleti-ius sp.
**
**
**
(Linnaeus)
ae
u
u,m
u,l
ae,ep
ae
ss
3
ss,tu,co
2,3
ss
2
adult
adult
adult
as
3
adult
3
adult
adult
adult
adult
Pt inidae
Pti'7us fallax
*
Fall
ae
Cleridae
Cyrnatodera decipieris Fall
Prioclerus exirnius Mannerheim
Fnoclerus schaefferi
Barr
Phyllobae'us hunierauis
(Say)
Several clerid larvae were taken
primarily in quarters 2 and 3.
**
***
*
in
u
u,m,l
u,l
u,m
pitfall
and
ae
ae,tr
ae
ae
Tuligren
ss
2,3
2,3
ss,pf
ss
ss
samples.
3
They
were
collected
Melyridae
Antbocoeis ,riraridus
LeConte
u
ae
ss
2
adult
15
Taxonomic category
Abundance
Anthocornus rnixtus Horn
Location
Habitat
Technique
Season
Stage
u,m,l
ae,tr
ss,ts
2,3
adult
adult
adult
*
Athoconius sp.
Cryptophagidae
C'yptophas tuberculosus Maklin
**
Eroriyxa pallidus Motschulsky
*
Nitidulidae
Epuraea avara Randall
Pocadius fulvipe?rnis Erichson
**
Rhizophagidae
Rhisophacus sp.
**
Cucuj idae
Pediacus depressus 1-ierbst
Silvarius sp.
Coccinellidae
Aatis rathvorii LeConte
Chilocorus sp.
Hippodaniia cor2verperls
*
*
ae
br
ss
3
va
2
ae
ae
ss
ss
1,2
u
2
adult
adult
u,m
ae
ss
3,4
adult
u
ae
ss
2
adult
u,m,l
br
1,2,3,4
adult
m
ae
ss
1
adult
u,l
ae
ss
ss
ss
2,3
1
ss,va,ts
2,3,4
m,l
u
u,m
*
fi,va
*
**
GuerinMeneville
Vulsartina picta rjri,or Casey
adult
adult
adult
Petilia rrjsefla LeConte
Psylloborcz 'aintinacuiata taedaa
LeConte
*
**
u,l
ae
ae
Scyrnriilius '2tercLmus Horn
**
u,m,1
ae,br,tr
Stethorus pLcipes Casey
*
adult
adult
*
adult
3
2,3
Endomychidae
ipcetina idahoe'isis Fall
Lathridiidae
Aridius nodifer Westwood
Corticaria sp.
EniCnS sp.
¶ielanopbthaina sp.
*
**
**
**
m
m
m
**
**
u,m
ae,tr
ae
ae,br
pf,bl
ss,bl
ss,va
1,2
ss,bl
3
3
3
adult
adult
adult
adult
Alleculidae
-Iymer1orus mecops Hatch
/Iynenorus spp.
Melandryidae
Enimesc testaceae ieeper. Malkin
Xylita laei'ioata Helienius
*
Oedemeridae
Ditylus l2rOcziiS LeConte
()xacis bicolor (LeConte)
**
Mordellidae
Ariasps atrat
Champion
Ariaspis rufo Say
**
**
**
1
ae
ae
1
ss
3
ae
ae
ss
ss
2
m
a
tr
ae
pf
bI
2
u,t
u,m
ae
ae
ss
3
ss,bl
3
3
3
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
Euglenidae
Pho'na7us brunnipeririis LeConte
*
adult
Cerambycidae
Callidiuni
*
Clytus pacificus Van Dyke
Eniichthus oedipus LeConte
Mecasenium aSp8Un7 LeConte
**
**
*
u
u,m
u,m
ae
ae
ae
ss
ss
ss,bl
2
2
2,3
adult
adult
adult
adult
16
Abundance
Taxonomic category
Alolorchus lonaicollis LeConte
Ortholeptura valia'a (LeConte)
Tragosonia depsarius Linnaeus
Chrysomelidae
Brormus obscurus Linnaeus
**
**
**
Habitat
Technique
Season
1
ss
bl
bl
2
m
ae
ae
ae
3
adult
adult
adult
1
ae
ss
2
adult
adult
tr
ae
ae
pf
ss
ss
2,3
ae
ae
tr
ss
ss
pf
in
3
*
**
Syrieta haniata Horn
Location
Stage
Cur cul ionidae
Cirnberis cornptus LeConte
*
Dyslobus spp.
Euclyptus rutilus Fall
**
**
**
m,l
**
**
u,m
m
iiagdaZis spp.
u
u,m
2
3
adult
adult
adult
Sco ly tidae
Carphoborus vandykei Bruck
Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins
Onathotrichus sulcatus (LeConte)
Platypus wilsoni Swaine
Pseudohylesinus nebulosus (LeConte)
u
3
*
'**
ss,pf
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
u,m,l
u,m,l
u,m
u,l
ae,tr
ae
ae
ae
ss
ss
1,2
2,3
2,3
ss
2
*
in
in
bl
bl
u,l
ae
ae
ae
3
**
**
ss
3
adult
adult
adult
*
m
ae
bI
3
adult
adult
*
in
tr
pf
3
adult
*
in
ae
bl
3
adult
Scolytus ore gorli Blackman
Scolytus unispinosus LeConte
Try podendron lineatwn (Olivier)
2
2,3
**
Trichoptera
Glossosomatidae
Aaapetus occide-italis Denning
Glossoson2 califica Denning
Glossosonv pyroxAm Banks
Hydroptilidae
Apraylea saltesea Ross
Hydroptila sp.
3
*
Phi lopotamidae
Dolophilodes dorcus
(Ross)
Polycentropidae
Polycentropus halidus Milne
Hydropsychidae
**
2
bi
ae
m
This species was named and described as new from specimens collected in the canopy.
Ji'ydropsycbe andersoni Denning
adult
m
ae
bi
3
adult
***
in
bl
3,4
*
**
a
tinrepl'ss nous Ross
**
in
Neophylax occ'ide'itis Banks
*
1
Neophylax 'ickeri Milne
oligoplilebodes sierra Ross
Onocosrnoecus unicolor (Banks)
Pedonioecus sierra (Ross)
Psychoglypha subborealis (Banks)
**
m
ss
bl
bi
bl
ss
bi
bl
bi
bi
ss
2
****
u
m
1,4
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
2,3
adult
IL/ydropsyche sp.
Limnephilidae
Allocosmoecus par'titus (Banks)
Apantia sores (Ross)
HydropsyoJie sp.
Leiarah'us oastus (Hagen)
Lepidostomatidae
Lepidostortx2 cascadenise (Mime)
***
**
u,m
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
**
in
ae
in
**
in
*
in
ss,bl
3
3
2,3
2
2,3
2,3
3
3
17
Location
Habitat
Technique
Season
m
ae
ae
bi
bi
3
ae
ae
*
ae
m
Named and described from specimen collected in the canopy.
*
'tlicraser?la sp.
ae
in
ss
bl
2,3
bi
3
adult
adult
adult
bl
3
adult
ae
ae
ae
ae
bl
bl
bl
3
bl
2
adult
adult
adult
adult
ae
ae
ae
bl
bl
bi
3
ae
ae
3
ae
bl
bi
bi
2
adult
adult
adult
Abundance
Taxononiic category
*
Lepidostotna nnra Denning
Lepidoston?a recina Denning
Tepidostor roafi (Mime)
*
in
adult
adult
adult
3
*
Brachycentridae
Amiocentrus aspilus Ross
**
Brachycentrus aniericayius (Banks)
Micraserrx ore poni Denning
u
*
Stage
3
Leptoceridae
Oecetis irlcorispicua (Walker)
**
in
Oecetis sp.
Triae'iodes tardus Milne
Triaenodes sp.
*
in
*
in
**
in
**
in
*
in
**
in
3
3
Lepidoptera
Pyralidae
Dioryctria reniculella (Grote)
]phestiodes gilvescentella Ragonot
Scoparia biplagialis Walker
3
3
adult
adult
adult
Tort ri ci dae
Archips argyrospilus (Walker)
Argyrotaeriia provana (Kearfott)
*
*
Conimophila sp.
*
m
m
Olethreutidae
Dasypyga alternosqucinella Rag.
**
in
ae
bl
3
adult
Gelechiidae
Coleotech,ites sp. nr. atrupictella
*
m
ae
bi
3
adult
in
ae
bi
3
adult
3
(Dietz)
Coleotechintes sp. nr. nriiieri (Busck)
Chionodes
Seven species of this genus were collected in quarter 3 by the blacklight trap.
All were
collected one or two times.
Oecophoridae
Decantha atonda Hodges
*
in
ae
bi
3
adult
Blastobasidae
Hoicocera (Holcoceriria) sp.
**
in
ae
bi
3
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
Coleophoridae
Coleophora spp.
Two species were collected, each only a single time during quarter 3.
Ceometridae
Arriphidasis cognataria (Guenee)
**
Cwnpaea perlata (Cuenee)
Caripeta aequaliaria Grote
Chioroclysta citrata (Linnaeus)
Drepanulatrix unicalcararia (Guenee)
Dysetroma sp.
Ecliptopera silaceata (Denis &
Schiffermuller)
*
*
*
*
m
in
in
in
in
*
in
**
m
gririomos maonarius (Guenee)
*
m
nypia packardata Taylor
*
in
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
bl
bl
bl
bl
bl
bl
bi
2,3
ae
ae
bl
bi
3
3
3
3
3
3
adult
adult
18
Taxonomic category
Abundance
Eustroprna sea atrata (Huist)
Cabriola dyari Taylor
Wesperumia suiphuraria
*
**
**
Packard
Tlydriomena reurciata (Walker)
Iridopsis emasculata Dyar
Itame sp.
Lambd&ia fiscellaria sot'7rliaria
Melanolophia imitata (Walker)
*
*
(Hulst)
Nemat000n7pa lirabata
(Haworth)
pha'tasraaria Strecker
Nepytia
Vepytia umbrosaria niarocenaria
(Packard)
Oporophtera occidentalis (Hulst)
Perizoma yrardis (Huist)
Pero raison (Rindge)
Ser7riothisa or ntsta Cuenee
dispuncta (Walker)
Semi oth i
Semiotbisa unipunctar'sa pOPpIOXO
(McDonnough)
Sericose?na juturcu'ia (Guenee)
Sparyarzia rraanoltata quadripunctati
Location
Habitat
Technique
m
m
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
bi
bl
bl
bl
bi
bl
bl
m
m
*
*
in
**
in
*
in
*
m
in
in
ss,va
Season
3
3
3
3
2,3
bl
bi
bl
3
bl
bl
bi
bl
4
4
3
Stage
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
*
in
*
in
**
in
*
m
ae
ae
as
ae
in
ae
bI
3
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
*
in
**
m
ae
ae
bl
bI
3
adult
adult
*
in
ae
bl
3
adult
3
3
3
*
(Packard)
Stenoporpia pulmorria albescens
Syrxis pallulazta
(Hulst)
(Huist)
*
adult
A few geometrid larvae were collected by filtration and vacuum.
None were determined
past
family.
Thyat iridae
Rabrosy'ie scripta
(Gosse)
**
in
ae
bl
3
adult
in
in
***
in
*
m
ae
ae
ae
ae
hi
hi
bl
bl
3
*
3
adult
adult
adult
adult
as
bl
3
adult
hi
bi
bi
bl
bi
bl
hi
3
bi
bl
hi
3
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
Arctiidae
Clemensia albata
Packard
Diacrisia viroinica (Fabricius)
Halisidota aroentata (Packard)
Halisidota rnaculata acaSSissi.
Isia Isabella (j.
(Packard)
E. Smith)
***
**
3
Noctuidae
Achytoriix epipaschia
Acronicta hesperida
(Grote)
Smith
(Hufnagei)
Amathes oblata (Morrison)
Apamea castanea (Grote)
Aseptis adnixa (Crete)
Aseptis furnosa (Grote)
Autoorapaa californica (Speyer)
Daryida procincta (Crete)
Epizeuxis americalis (Guenee)
Eurois niara (Smith)
(Grote)
Laciriipolia cuneata (Grots)
Panthea portlandia (Grote)
Psnthea virairiar'ia (Grote)
Polia adjuncta (Boisduval)
Acrostis ipsilon
Feltia herilis
Polia subjuncta (Grote & Robinson)
Protothodes rufula (Crete)
Pseudorthosia variabilis Crote
Spaelotis havilae (Crote)
Xylomyaes siarplex
(Walker)
(Behr)
Zale lunata salicis
*
in
**
m
*
in
*
in
*
in
*
in
*
in
*
in
**
**
m
*
*
*
in
in
in
in
in
**
in
*
in
*
in
**
**
in
*
in
**
m
*
m
in
ae
as
as
as
as
ae
as
ae
as
ae
as
ae
as
as
as
ae
as
as
ae
ae
ae
ae
hi
bi
bl
bl
hi
bl
bi
bl
hi
bl
hi
3
3
3
3
3
2
2,3
2,3
3
2
3
3
2
3
19
Abundance
Taxonomic category
Location
Habitat
Technique
Season
Stage
ae
ae
bi
hi
3
adult
adult
Notodontidae
Oliaocentria pallida
ivadata qibbosa
(Strecker)
(J. E. Smith)
*
in
*
m
3
Lymantriidae
Dasyciira arisefacta
(Dyar)
Orgyia pseudotsupata
'orosa
*
m
in
ae
ae
hi
bi
3
*
3
adult
adult
in
ae
bi
3
adult
Ferguson
Lasiocampidae
Tolype djsttncta
French
Diptera
Nematocera
Flies belonging to this suborder were by far the most abundant taxa collected in the canopy.
At times they blackened sticky screens. Unfortunately many families are difficult to separate
Though every effort was made to keep
accurately in alcohol under a dissecting microscope.
Categories thought to be homogeneous
taxonomic categories homogeneous, it was not possible.
The data for this large group of flies is offered
often had as many as three species.
primarily to show presence.
Trichoceridae
Trichocera colwnbia'a
u,m,l
Alexander
ae,tr
ss,pf,ts,bl
1,4
adult
Tipulidae
A,itocia (Atocha)
nionticola Alexander
Chionea sp.
Dicranoptycha stenophailus Alexander
Erioptera (Syrnplecta) cana (Walker)
Limonia (Limonia) nuheculosa
**
a
ae
bi
3
adult
*
a
a
ts
4
bi
bl
bl
3
3
adult
adult
adult
adult
*
a
*
in
tr
ae
ae
ae
*
m
ac
bI
3
adult
*
in
me
bl
3
adult
***
**
u,m,l
u,m
bl,ss,ts
ss,ts
*
in
bl
2
adult
adult
adult
*
m
ae
ae
ae
me
*
in
me
bl
3
adult
u,m,l
ae
2,3
u,m,l
m
ae
me
3
adult
adult
adult
adult
u,m,l
ae
bl,ss
2,3
adult
a
ae
bl
3
u,m,l
me
ss
2,3
adult
adult
adult
adult
is unlikely
that all
*
sciophila (Osten-Sacken)
Pedicia (Tricyphona) apeata
3
(Coquillett)
Tipula (Trichotipula) sp.
Psychodidae
Psychoda phalaenoides (Limnaeus)
Psychoda umbracola Quate
Psychoda sp.
Trichoniyia sequoiae Quate
1,2,3,4
3
Culicidae
Aedes sierrensis
(Ludlow)
Ceratopogonidae
****
Atrichopogori spp.
Culicoides sp. piliferus
ss,bi
*
group
Culicoides sp.
Forcipompia (Forcipoinyia) cilipes
***
2,3
ss
bl
(Coquillett)
Forciponiyia (Forciponiyia) niacswairii
Forcipornyia sp. cinctipes
Wirth
group
Forcipomyia (Forciponiyia) sp.
Palponiyia arrest ipes Wirth
Serronryia sp.
Chironomldae
Although specimens
of
this
*
*
*
***
family
were
separated into
38
taxa,"
it
20
Taxonomic category
Abundance
Location
Habitat
Technique
Season
Stage
categories are homogeneous. Determination of adults can be made only after slide preparation.
Approximately 7 percent of all the arthropods collected belonged to this family.
Di xidae
Disc sp.
*
An is op od idae
Sylvi cola
feriestralis (Scopoli)
m
ae
bi
3
adult
u,m
tr
pt
4
adult
**
u,m,l
ae
ss
2
adult
**
u,m,l
u,m,l
ss,pt
1,4
1,2,4
u
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ss,pf
****
u,m,l
u,m,l
u,m,l
u,m,l
u,m,l
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
***
u,m,l
u,m,i
u,m,l
*
Bibionidae
Bibia xanthopus
Wiedemann
Mycetophilidae
Allodia sp.
Bolitophiia sp.
Cordyla sp.
Exechis sp.
Macrocera
**
1
*
Sp.
*
Mycetophila fczicata Johannsen
Mycetophila fatus Johannsen
Mycetophila futaorwn (DeGeer)
1ycetophiia ocellus Walker
Mycetophila cauri'ia (Laffoon) and
1lycetophila culc (Loew)
Mycetophila nr. a tut'j (Laffoon)
Mycetophila siytatoiies
Dziedzicki
****
***
Mycoin'a sp.
****
Phronia flavipes Winnertz
Pl2ronia tnatilei Hackman
Phronia willistorii Dziedzicki
Rymosia sp.
Sceptonia sp.
**
***
**
**
**
Sciophils sp.
1
u,m,l
u,m,l
m
u
u,m
u,l
***
nov.
ss
ss,ts
ss,ts
1,4
1,4
1,4
1,2,4
ss
1,4
ae
ss
1,4
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
tr
ae
ae
ae
ss,pf
*
Mycetophila sp.
Trichorita sp.
Trichorita sp.
ss
ss
u,m,i
ss
ss
ss,ts
ss
ss
pf
ss
ss
ss
4
1,2,4
2
1,4
4
1,2
4
1,4
1,4
1,4
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
Sciaridae
Bradysia spp.
u,m,l
ae,tr
ss,bl,pf,ts
1,2,3,4
adult
belonged to this genus.
Five of the eleven categories were
represented by more than 1,000 specimens.
These were the most abundant of the Nematocera in
the canopy.
All
Sciaridae
collected
Scatopsidae
Aiapausis sp.
u
ae
ss
2,3
adult
2,3
adult
br
ss,pf,ts
fi,pf
pf,ss,ts
fi,va
Cecldomyiidae
Contar&iia spp.
Contaririia spp.
Dasi?leura sp.
Lestodiplosis spp.
***
****
u,m,l
u,m,l
u,m,l
u,m,l
**
u,l
ae
ss
2
adult
u,m,l
ae
ss,ts
3
adult
***
u,m,l
ae
ss,ts
**
u,l
br
ae,tr
br,tr
ae,tr
1,4
1,4
1,2,3,4
mm
adult
1mm
Xylophagidae
Bolbornyia sp.
Dolichopodidae
Medetera sp.
***
Phoridae
Gymrzophora sp.
Meaaselia spp.
*
(five)
1,2,3,4
adult
adult
1,2,3,4
1mm
Syrphidae
Dasysyrphus sp.
fi
21
Stage
Location
Habitat
Technique
Season
**
u
ae
ss
1
*
m
ae
ss
***
u,m
ac
ss
3
adult
adult
***
u,m
ae
ss
3
adult
**
u,l
ae
ss
3
adult
uj
ae
ss
2,3
adult
Abundance
Taxonomic category
Tephritidae
Neotephritis firialis
(Loew)
adult
Sciomyzidae
Pherbellia
zaria (Fallen)
adult
Lauxaniidae
Homoneura sp.
*
'tinettia flaveola
complex
Piophilidae
Piophila (Mycetaulus) costalis
(Melander)
Pallopteridae
Pallaptera terniinalis
Lonchaeidae
Lo?chae(1 al
tai'sis
Loew
Zetterstedt
*
Sphaeroceridae
CoproTnysa equira
adult
adult
*
Fallen
[eptocero spp.
*
Milichiidae
ariorwn (Zetterstedt)
Lepton7etopa latipes (Meigen)
Neophyllomyza spp.
Phyllotnyza spp.
(3)
(2)
u,m,l
u,m,l
ae
ae
ss
ss
2,3
2,3
adult
adult
adult
adult
u,l
u
u
ae
ae
ae
ss
ss
ss
1,2
1,2
1,2
adult
adult
adult
m,l
ae
ss
1,3,4
adult
adult
u,m,l
u,m,l
u,m,l
ae
ae
ae
ss
ss
ss
2,3,4
u,m
m,l
u,m
ae
tr
ae
ss
pf
ss
3,4
1,2,4
adult
adult
adult
u,m,l
ae
ss
2,3
adult
**
u,m
ae
ss
1
adult
1
u,m
ae
ae
ss
ss
2,3
**
m
ae
ss
3
*
Desmornetopa
*
****
****
Ephyridae
Ditrichophora arpyrostoioa
(Cresson)
Hydrellia yriseola (Falln)
Philygria debilis Loew
*
**
Drosophi lidae
Drosophila sp.
Scaptorrnjza spp.
*
***
(2)
Chloropidae
Fiebriyella sp.
Hapleairalla coriicola
Thawnatornyia annulata
(Greene)
(Walker)
*
**
Heleomyzidae
Borboropsis steyskali Mathis
Suillia reniorwn (Meigen)
Tephrochla?iys rufizentris (Meigen)
**
**
2,3
2,3
1,4
Trixoscelididae
Trixoscelis sp.
*
Agromy z idae
Liriornyza SP.
Mu a ci dae
Lasiops diapharius
Spilogona sp.
(Wied.)
Anthomyiidae
Ailiopsis sp.
Erernonryia humeralis
3
*
**
Stein
Peaoniya (Peaoniya) triseta
Malloch
*
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
Taxonomlc category
Abundance
Location
Habitat
Technique
Season
m
tr
pf
3
u,m,l
m,l
br,tr
Stage
Calliphoridae
Callipora terraeriovae
Macquart
*
adult
Hymenoptera
Tenthredlnidae
Neodiprio' sp.
Tenthredinidae
ae
ss
va,fi,pf
2,4
2,3
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
Braconidae
Aparteles spp. (5)
Heterospilus sp.
Paussia sp.
**
**
Rocas sp.
u,m,l
u,m
*
m
a
***
u,m,l
*
I
ae
ae
ac
ae
ss
ss
ss
bl
2,3
2,3
1,2,3
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
2,3,4
3
Ic hne umo ni dae
Allontus cincus
Bancthus sp.
Rnytus montarius
(Linnaeus)
(Ashmead)
Ethelurius sp.
**
**
Celia tenellus (Say)
Celia sp.
Hyposoter fusoiarsi.s
**
Rusterir2x sp.
**
(Viereck) and
***
u,l
u,m,l
u,m,l
u,m
u,l
u,m,l
Hyposoter sp.
Itoplects evetriae
(Viereck)
Lissonota sp.
'4astrus sp.
Pesochorus sp.
Op2ion sp.
Orthocentrus sp.
Tpiclistus podapricus
**
***
**
**
**
***
(Gravenhorst)
E''
u,m
u,m,l
u,m,l
2
1,2
1,3,4
3,4
2,4
2,3
1,2
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
ss,ts
u,m
u,m,l
u,m,l
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ae
ss,ts
2
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
u,m,l
ae
ss,ts
3
adult
u,m,l
ae
ae
1
ss
sa
ss
ss,bl
as
2,3
2,3
1,2,3,4
2
3
2,3,4
Signiphoridae
Tliysanus sp.
***
Eulophidae
Achrysocharis sp.
Cirrospilus sp.
Diplyphus sp.
Melittobia sp.
Tetrastichus spp.
**
***
**
u
u,m,l
u,m,l
u,m,l
ae,br
ae
ae
ss
ss
1,2,3,4
ss,va,ts
1,2,3,4
ss
ss
3
2,3
2,3
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
Encyrtidae
Cheiloneurus sp.
Copidosorna spp.
Metaphycus sp.
Pseudaphycus sp.
**
***
u,m,l
u,m,l
u,m,l
u,m
****
****
***
ae
ae,br
ae
ss
ss,va
ae
ss
ss
u,m,l
ae
ss
u,m,l
ae
****
u,m,l
ae
ss
****
3
adult
adult
adult
adult
2,3
adult
2,3
adult
2,3
adult
3
1,2,3,4
1,2,3
Eupelmidae
Calosota sp.
Pt eronialidae
Gastrancistrus sp.
ss,ts
Torymidae
Megastigns sp.
Ce raphronidae
Aphanornus sp.
Cerapror sp.
Conoraw spp.(6)
u,m,l
ae,br,ep
ss,va,tu
*
1
***
u,m,l
ae
ae
ss
ss
1,2,3,4
2
2,3,4
adult
adult
adult
23
Taxonomic category
Abundance
Location
habitat
Technique
Season
u,m,l
ae
ss
2,3
adult
ss,ts,va
2
adult
2,3
2,3
Stage
Scelionidae
Telenomus spp. (7)
***
Platygas teridae
Platyqaster spp. (2)
u,m,l
ae,br
Formlcidae
Camponotuo V))ebOraCe-lsis
(Fitch)
Emery
Leptothorax p 2tul.s
Leptothorax sp.
Lasiss sp.
u,m,l
ae
ss
ep,mo,tr
tu,co,pf
**
m,l
u,m,l
m
**
1yrr17ca sp. and Aphaenooaster
Tapi'ona sessile
* **
sp.
(Say)
u,n,l
u,m,l
ae
ae
ae
ae
ss
2,3
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
pf
ss
4
4
adult
adult
2,3
adult
ss
bl,ss
ss,ts
3
3,4
3
Vespidae
Dolio)zovesoula ,naaulczta (Linnaeus)
Vespula oulgaris (Linnaeus)
*
**
m
tr
u,m
ae
u
ae
Sphecidae
Ploecus el
Pasos beaus
jocous Rohwer arid
***
ss,ts
ie b71OU1O tZIAO Rohwe r
Acari
Gamas ida
Pa ras it I d ae
Sciizothetus i'icarius
Athias-HenrIot
Phytoseiidae
Typhbodronis sp.
**
m,l
****
u,m,l
**
m
****
u,m,l
br,ep,mo
****
u,m,l
ep,mo
mo,tr
br,ep,mo
adult
co,pf
fi,va,tu,co
1,2,3,4
adult
Zerconidae
Zercon sp.
hr
fi
1,4
adult
Actinedida
Bdellidae
Bdella sp.
Cyta
cf.
and
batyrostris
1,2,3,4
adult
tu,cO
1,2,3,4
adult
fi
1,2,3,4
adult
fi,va,tu,co
and
Spinibdelba sp.
Calligonellidae
Calliponella sp.
Chelytidae
Cheletoaenes sp.
m,l
hr
Cryptognathidae
Cry ptognat2us (irnbricatus
u,m,l
u,m,l
br,ep,mo
ep,mo
fi,tu,co
tu,cO
1,2,3,4
1,2,3,4
adult
u,m,l
ep,mo
tu,Co
1,2,3,4
adult
**
m,l
no
co
1,4
adult
****
u,m,l
ep,mo
group)
Cry ptopnatus sp.
luau
Cunaxidae
Cunaxoides sp.
***
En de os t I gnat a
1 species
Nanorchestidae
Nanorcestes sp.
tu,co
1,2,3,4
Iinm,adult
24
Taxonomic category
Abundance
Paratydeidae
****
Tarytydeus sp.
Location
Habitat
Technique
u,m,l
ep,mo
tu,co
1,2,3,4
u,m,l
ep,mo
tu,co
1,3,4
Season
Stage
imm,adult
Penthalodidae
Petit halodee sp.
Rhagidiidae
1 species
u,m,l
ep,mo,tr
adult
tu,co,pf
1,2,3,4
pf,tu
2,3
2,3
adult
1mm
1,2,3,4
adult
imm,adult
Sma rididae
Sphaerotarsus sp.
Sphaerotarsus sp.
**
Terpnacaridae
gen. nov.
Tetranychidae
1 species
m,l
m,l
tr,ep
m,l
ep,mo
tr
pf
tu,co
u,m,l
tr
pf
2,3
adult
u,m,l
ep,mo,br
tu,co,fi
1,2,3,4
adult
u,m
tr
ts,pf
1,3,4
adult
***
u,m,l
br
fi
I
adult
****
u,n,l
br
**
Tydeidae
Tiornotydeus sp.
ietatriophytydeus sp.
*
Acaridida
Acaridae
1 species
**
Glycophagidae
1 species
Oribatida
Camisiidae
Canrisia carrolli
Andre
fi,va
1,2,3,4
imm,adult
Ceratozetidae
Hypozetes sp.
m,l
ep,mO
tu,cO
m,l
mo,tr
co,pf
****
****
u,m,l
u,m,l
br
hr
****
****
u,m,l
u,m,l
****
Charassobatidae
Arnetroproctus oresbious
Higgins &
Woolley
Cymbaeremaeidae
ScaphererrKeU8 sp.
Scaphereriteus sp.
Er emae I dae
Ereniaeus spp. (2)
Eremaeidae
***
1,2
adult
fi,va
1,2,3,4
1,2,3,4
adult
imm
ep,mo
ep,mo
tu,co
tu,co
1,2,3,4
1,2,3,4
adult
imm
u,m,l
u,m,l
ep,mo
ep,mo
tu,co
tu,co
1,2,3,4
1,2,3,4
adult
1mm
u,m,l
br,ep,mo
1,2,3,4
adult
u,m,l
br,ep
fi,tu
1,2,3,4
imni
u,m,l
u,m,l
br
ep,tr
fi,va
tu,pf
fi
Gytnnodamaeidae
Cymrzodamaeus ornatus Hammer
Gymrzodarnaeus ornatus Hammer
Liodidae
Platyliodes rnacropriones
Woolley &
Higgens
Platyliodes sp.
fi,tu,co
Mycobatidae
Juaatela tuberosa
Juaatela sp.
Ewing
****
***
1,2,3,4
1,2,3,4
adult
adult
25
Stage
Location
Habitat
Technique
Season
***
m,l
no
co
2,3,4
adult
***
I
ep
tu
1,4
1mm
u,m,l
u,m,l
u,m,l
br,ep,mo
br,ep,mo
ep,br
fi,tu,co
fi,tu,co
tu,fl
m,l
ep,mo
Abundance
Taxonomic category
Oppiidae
Quadroppia quadricariiata
(Michael)
Oribatidae
Oribatulidae
Phiuloppia spp. (2)
PzauloppP2 sp.
Slerorihates sp.
Thyrisomidae
**
OriPe1a sp.
tu,co
1,2,3,4
1,2,3,4
1,2,3,4
3
adult
1mm
adult
adult
Araneae
Our method of processing the
The majority of the spiders were taken on sticky screens.
collections allowed the spiders to dehydrate, which destroyed the pigmentation patterns and
To prevent the inclusion of
made them difficult, if not impossible, to determine past genus.
erroneous data, all categories except abundance have been deleted from the following list.
R. Moldenke has examined the canopy-collected spiders and confirmed the abundance category.
Amaurobiidae
**
**
Caliobius sp. 1
Call-obius sp. 2
lJloboridae
up
ptiotes aertschi
Chamberlin and
**
Iv ie
Oecobiidae
Oscobius sp.
*
Di ctynidae
Dicty'a pare qrata
Bishop and
Ruderman
*
Gnaphosidae
Serciolus montanus
(Emerton)
**
Clubionidae
Clubiona sp.
*
Anyphaenidae
Ariyphaea pacifica
(Banks)
Anyphaeme sp.
****
*
Thomisidae
Tmarus anguletus
Walckenaer
Keyserling
Xysticus locuples
Xysticus spp.
*
**
Philodromidae
Apollopharies rnarcareta
Phi jodroinus
Philodroinus
(Lowrie &
Gertsch)
rufus Walckenaer
spectabiLis Keyserling
Philodronus spp.
**
Salticidae
4etaphidippus aeneolus
u4etaphidippus
cfr.
(Curtis)
harfordii
***
**
A.
26
Taxonomic category
Abundance
Metapiidippus sp.
*
Marpissinae undet.
**
Agelinidae
Species 1
Species 2
*
*
Theridiidae
urjopis fornio,a (Banks)
Theridio' differerw Enierton
The'idio' i'7ter?)allcztunl Emerton
Theridior lawrencei Gertsc &
**
**
Archer
Theridioi r'2uriarl-un?
(Emerton)
Araneidae
Araneus ag,nmoLdes (Chamberlin &
**
lvi e)
AranPus sp.
*
Arar?iella displicata
(Hentz)
Cyclosa sp.
Meta sp.
**
*
Tetragna2a versicolor
Zypiella sp.
(Walckenaer)
**
*
Linyphiidae
Erigoneid sp.
Erigoninae undet.
Gnathantes ferosa
Chamberlin &
Neriene litigiosa
(Keyserling)
Pi tyohyplwntes
lyle)
rubrofasciata
Pityohypantes sp.
**
**
***
**
*
Keyserling
**
Location
Habitat
Technique
Season
Stage
27
LITERATURE CITED
BEDARD, W.
the insect
mucronata
mountain
An annotated list of
D.
1938.
fauna of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga
Rafinesque) in the northern rocky
region.
Canadian
Entomolgist
70: 188-197.
and C.
A.
BORROR, D. J., D. M. DeLONG,
TRIPLEHORN.
An introduction to the
1976.
Holt,
Rinehart
and
of
insects.
study
Winston, Inc.
Fourth edition. 827 p.
DAHLSTEN, D. L.
Multtcrown level
1979.
sampling.
P. 41 in The Douglas-fir tussock
moth: a synthesis.
M. H. Brooks, R. W.
Stark, R. W. Campbell, eds.
USDA Forest
Service, Technical Bulletin 1585.
DENISON, W. C.
Life in tall trees.
1973.
Scientific American 228:74-80.
DENISON, W. C.,
D.
M. TRACY, F. M. RHOADES,
Direct nonbiomass
and
structure in living, old-growth Douglas-fir.
P.
147-158 in Proceedings, Research on
coniferous forest ecosystems, a symposium. J.
F.
Franklin, L. J. Dempster, and R. H.
Waring (eds).
USDA Forest Service, Pacific
Northwest
Forest
and
Range
Experiment
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and M.
SHERWOOD.
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destructive
measurement
of
DEYRUP, M. A.
The insect community of
1975.
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1.
The
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Ecosystem Analysis Studies.
Bulletin No. 6.
104 p.
Northwest
Station.
48 p.
Canopy associated
GAGNE, W.
C.
1979.
arthropods in Acacia koa and Met rosideros
altitudinal
tree
communities
along
an
Pacific Insects
transect on Hawaii Island.
21(1) :56-82.
HOREGOTT, H.
Untersuchungen uber die
1960.
qualitative and quantitative Zusammensetzung
der Arthropodenfauna in den Kieferkronen.
Beitrage zur Entomologie 10:891-916.
LEPOINTE, J.
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l'ecologie des
arbres.
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Milieu
7:233-241.
MARTIN, J. L.
1966.
The insect ecology of
red pine plantations in central Ontario. IV.
The
crown fauna.
Canadian Entomologist
98: 10-27.
MISPAGEL, M. E., and S. D. ROSE.
1978.
Arthropods associated with various age stands
of Douglas-fir from foliar, ground and aerial
strata.
US/IBP Coniferous Forest Biome,
Ecosystem Analysis Studies. Bulletin No. 13.
55 p.
MORRIS R. F.
1955.
The development of
sampling techniques for forest defoliators,
with particular reference to the spruce
Zoology
Canadian
Journal
of
budworm.
33:225-294.
DEYRUP, M. A.
1981.
Deadwood decomposers.
Natural History 90(3):34-91.
NIELSEN,
ENGEL, H.
1941.
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kiefernkronen, Mitteilungen aus Forstwirtschaft und Forstwissenschaft 12:334-361.
43: 3 7-61.
J. F., and C. T. DYRNESS.
1973.
Natural vegetation of Oregon and Washington.
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Range
and
Experiment
Station,
Portland,
Oregon.
General
Technical
Report
PNW-9.
FRANKLIN,
417 p.
Experiment
Forest
and
Range
General Technical Report PNW-118.
B.
OVERGAARD.
1975a.
Sampling ot
arboreal insects from beech by beating tree
Entomolgiske Meddelelser
stems with clubs.
The species
NIELSEN, B. OVERGAARD.
1975b.
composition and community structure of the
Denmark.
in
beech
canopy
fauna
Fra
Dansk
Meddeleser
Videnskabelige
Naturhistorisk Forening 138:137-170.
PERRY,
D.
1980.
An arboreal naturalist
explores the rain forest's mysterious canopy.
Smithsonian 11(3) :42-53.
FRANKLIN, J. F., K. CROMACK, Jr., W. DENISON,
A. McKEE, C. MASER, J. SEDELL, F. SWANSON,
Ecological
1981.
G.
JUDAY.
and
old-growth Douglas-fir
of
characteristics
Forest
Service,
Pacific
USDA
forests.
PIKE, L. H., D. M. TRACEY, M. SHERWOOD, and
Estimates of biomass and
1972.
D. NIELSEN.
fixed nitrogen of epiphytes from old-growth
Douglas-fir.
P.
177-187
in
Research
on
28
coniferous ecosystems.
J. F. Franklin, L. J.
Dempster,
and
R.
H.
Waring,
eds.
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A.
SHERWOOD,
and F.
M.
RHOADES.
1975.
Floristic survey of epiphytic lichens and
bryophytes growing on old growth conifers in
western Oregon. Bryologist 78(4):389-402.
STECKER, R.
1973.
Insects and reproduction
Sequoiaderidron
giganteurn
(Lindi.)
Buchholz. Ph.D. dissertation. University of
of
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SWENEY,
Methods
and A.
E.
JONES.
1975.
sampling foliage
and
insect
populations of the beech forest canopy. New
Zealand
Journal
of
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Science
5(1):11O-122.
W.
J.,
for
PIKE, L. H., R. A. RYDELL, and W. C. tENISON.
1977.
A 400-year-old Douglas-fir tree and
its epiphytes: biomass,
surface area, and
their distributions.
of
Canadian
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Forest Research 7:680-699.
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Abundance and diversity of
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Ecological Entomology 4:181-190.
29
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Those who have seen old-growth Douglas-fir
trees or who realize the problems inherent in
an extensive arthropod survey, know that
project like this cannot be done alone.
a
1
would like to acknowledge the many people who
have provided assistance: George Carroll and
William Denison for giving me the chance to
become well-acquainted with the beautiful old
Kosman,
Joe
Christy,
Debbie
trees;
John
Serna, and Bob Beiser, who climbed the trees
and sorted the samples; Robert Rydell, for
managing the data base; and Terry Montlick
for manipulating the data in the computer.
following people provided expert determination of the arthropods (alphabetically
by their institutions): D. E. Bright (Scolytidae), and L. Masrier (Proctotrupoidea), Biosystematics Research Institute, Ottawa; P.
State
California
Bellinger
(Collembola),
University, Northridge; W. E. LaBerge (FormiNatural History
Survey,
Illinois
cidae),
(Psocoptera),
Champaign;
E.
L.
Kockford,
Illinois State University, Normal; R. Penrose
(Cerambycidae), Oregon Department of Agriculture, Salem; G. F. Ferguson (Vespidae), J.
D. Latttn (Miridae), A. R. Moldenke (Araneae),
P. W. Oman (Cicadellidae), C. L. Peters (Coleoptera), V. Razafimahatratra (Miridae), L. K.
Russell (Coleoptera), N. Schwartz (Miridae),
and G. P4. Stonedahl (Corixidae), Oregon State
The
University, Corvallis; G. B. Wiggins (TnToronto;
choptera), Royal Ontario Museum,
R. W. Carison (Ichneumonidae), D. C. Ferguson
(Lepidoptera), R. H. Foote (Diptera), R. J.
Gagne (Diptera), E. E. Grissell (Hymenop-
tera), J. P. Kramer (Homoptera), P. M. Marsh
(Bracoiiidae), 0. R. Miller (Homoptera), C. W.
Sabrosky (Diptera), D. R. Smith (Hymenoptera),
G. Steyskal (Diptera), F. C. Thompson (Dip(Lepidoptera), W. W.
tera),
0. M. Weisman
Wirth (Diptera), and cooperating scientists
Vincent (T-Iymenoptera), and D. W. Wray
D.
(Collembola), Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Beltsville; R. A. Norton (Acarina),
State University of New York, Syracuse; C.
Griswald (Araneae), and R. Kawin, (Thysanoptera), University of California, Berkeley;
H. Andre (Acarina), Universite Catholique de
Louvain, Belgium; J. B. Johnson (Psyllidae),
Byers
G. W.
University of Idaho, Moscow;
(Diptera), University of Kansas, Lawrence;
(Collembola), Tiniversity of
L.
Deharveng (Collembola), Universite Paule Sabatier, Toulouse,
R. C.
Flint
(Neuroptera),
0.
5.
France;
Froeschner (Hemiptera), and W. N. Mathis
United States National Museum,
(Diptera),
Smithsonian Institution, Washington.
Landwehr
V. R.
Minnesota, St.
Paul;
This work was supported by NSF Grants:
7514003 and DEB 78-03583.
BMS
Voegtlin, D. J.
INVERTEBRATES OF THE H. J. ANDREWS
EXPERIMENTAL
FOREST,
WESTERN
CASCADE
MOUNTAINS,
OREGON:
A SURVEY OF ARTHROPODS ASSOCIATED WITH THE
CANOPY OF OLD-GROWTH PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII.
Forest
Research
Laboratory,
Oregon
State
University,
Corvallis. Special Publication 4.
31 p.
The canopy of three old-growth Douglas-fir trees was
surveyed
for
arthropods
over
2-year
a
period.
Techniques are described for collecting arthropods in
situ and for laboratory separation of arthropods from
habitats removed from the canopy.
Species commonly
collected are listed with their relative abundance,
within-tree habitat, and yearly quarter of collection.
INVERTEBRATES OF THE H. J. ANDREWS
Voegtlin, D. J.
EXPERIMENTAL
FOREST,
WESTERN
CASCADE
MOUNTAINS,
A SURVEY OF ARTHROPODS ASSOCIATED WITH THE
OREGON:
CANOPY OF OLD-GROWTH PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII.
Forest
University,
Research
Laboratory,
Oregon
State
Corvallis.
Special Publication 4.
31 p.
The canopy of three old-growth Douglas-fir trees was
surveyed
for
arthropods
over
2-year
period.
a
Techniques are described for collecting arthropods in
situ and for laboratory separation of arthropods from
habitats removed from the canopy.
Species commonly
collected are listed with their relative abundance,
within-tree habitat, and yearly quarter of collection.
1JF
FIE.U/F ?i./2
y:ç.fg in
4:p:
4 c.
LI
ri'ert ebra.te.
fJdretL's
:f th
H. U.
E.>::rerlrr!er!tal
Oregon State Library
Salem
As
an affirmative action institution that complies with
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Oregon State
employment
and
educational
equal
University
supports
race,
creed,
age,
sex,
regard
to
without
opportunity
national origin, handicap, marital status, or religion.
FOREST RESEARCH LABORATORY
SCHOOL OF FORESTRY
OREGON STATE UNiVERSITY
CORVALLIS, OR 9733 1-5704
Address Correction Requested
Non-Profit Org.
U.S. Postag.
PAID
P.rmit No. 200
Corvallis, OR p7331