Figure 17.
The Grande Ronde River Canyon a Few
Miles Below the Mouth of the Waflowa River.
Figure 18.
A Gravel Riffle on the Lower Grande Roride
River Approximately 14 Miles Above the Mouth (11-2-59).
-58-

Water
!ear
1954
Location Oct
Rondowa
Troy
543
821
Mean Monthly Flows for the Lower Grande Ronde River at Rondowa and Troy, Oregon, 1954-1957 Water Years.
/
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
A J
J A
4,458 3,716 1,798 723 678 1,035 1,045 1,754 1,740 3,67].
4,519 2,409 988
1,059 1,651 1,592 2,837 2,701 5,724 5,568
613
874
1955
Rondowa
Troy
557
794
577
845
504
752
511
794
559
891
854
1,286
3,176
4,462
5,127
6,890
5,556 2,092 490
6,497 2,661 700
505
705
1956
Rondowa
Troy
657
910
1,112 2,737 2,501 1,421 4,034 7,390 8,964 5,852 2,052 74].
1,540 4,189 3,494 2,085 5,652 10,780 11,790 7,543 2,667 961
616
808
1957
Rondowa
Troy
616
805
694 1,402
973 2,299
719 1,687 4,103
1,044 2,496 5,822
5,168
7,812
8,771 4,819 1,450 615
11,510 5,863 1,711 875
51].
752
/
Inforznation taken from USGS Water Supply Papers Nos. 1347, 1397, 1447, and 1517.

Table 15.
Lower Grands Ronde River Moan Maximtun and Mean
Minimum Daily Flows, in Cubic Foot Per Second, curing the
Winter Months of the Period 1953-54 through 1956-37. .21
Year
Flow
Sta:e Jan.
Feb
L2ction
Rondowa
Troy
Rondowa
Troy
High
High
Low
High
2,070
74
3,430
686
399
1,010
1,850
728
2,960
2,190 3,270 j370
.]I1QQ
3,680 5,420
2. 0
649 1,050 j0
1,200 1,820
682
2,040
2,980
69Q_
High
Low
Rondowa
Troy
Rondowa
Troy-
High
Low
High
Low
High
Low
High
Low
10,400
1.070
20, 500
3,870
-
6,770
00
5,440
7,360
964
Q0
1,510
700
2,190 9,600
3,170 l.632,70
8,540
602
12,600
900
6,250
9,090
3.40
21 Information taken from USGS Water Supply Papers, Nos.
1517.
1347, 1397, 1447, and
The extremes in discharge for these two stations since their establishment have been: for Rondowa, a maximum of 19,900 c.f.s. on May 28, 1948 and a minimum
on December
Troy, a maximum of 30,000 c.f.s. on
December 15, 1946 and a minimum of 434 c.f.s. on November
29, 1952.
Detailed temperature information on the lower Grande Ronde is available from thermograph records at Rondowa for the summer of
Anatone, Washington (USFWS,
1959 and from thermograph records south of
1958) for the first 7 months of 1956.
Other temperatures were also taken at variou3 times and places during the term of the project.
Figures 19 and 20 show the maximum and minimum daily temperatures for the periods of record at Rondowa and near Anatone.
These data Indicate that July and early
August temperatures exceed 70°F. throughout the lower river.
It may be noted that minimum temperatures near Anatone exceeded 70°F. on certain days in late July and early August.
Summer temperatures at Rondowa are lowered somewhat by the influence of the Wallowa River which is usually a few degrees cooler than the Grando Ronde
River.
Spot-temperature data collected during the study for the lower Grande Rondo
River is presented in Table 16.
Tributaries: Only limited observations were made on the minor tributaries of the lower Grande Ronde River.
Mud, Courtney, and Wildcat Creeks were observed from the air and Wildcat Creek was surveyed from the ground over part of its lower area.
Other than incidental observations on some smaller tributaries, no other surveys were made.
-60-

S
0'
H
65
0
C)
60
L
C)
0.
E
()
75
70
4s
-a-- Maxirrr
\ /_i
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I l%I
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/
,
I
IC
V
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\/ V A
Ii
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V
III
I
I'l
II
'I Minimum
'I-
V
321i
I
10 20
June
I
30
I
10 20
Ju1
I I
30
I
10 t
20 ugust
I
30
I
10 20
SepteTnDer
30
Daily Maxirui and MinimwrL Water Temperatures for the Lower Grende
Fo.e P

10 20
January-
30 10 20
February
30 10 20
March
30 10 20
80
7
70 -
- '*
-j
%
,%_.
S
1"
_!
I
I
II.?
:
I
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/
:
I
I
%
Max.
V
I,
Si
:
,
I
:11
V
I'
1'
:
:
\
S
;
II
I
Minimum
32
10 20
May
30 10 20
June
30 10 20
30 10 20
August
Daily Maximum and Minimum Water Temperatures for the Lower Grande

Date
10-11-57
10-30-58
10-31-58
7-5-59
7-20-59
7-27-59
8-16-59
8-23-59
8-31-59
11-2-59
11-2- 59
Table 16.
Spot-Temperature Observations on tho Lowor Grando Ronde River, 1957-59.
Location in Miles
Above N uth
53
67
45
45
19
45
45
45
45
13
Time
3:00 p.m.
2:30 p.m.
9:15 a.m.
5:00 p.m.
2:30 p.m.
5:00 a.m.
5:00 a.m.
5:30 a.m.
12:00 noon
2:30 p.m.
Temperature in F.
Air Water
50
34
55
55
56
59
54
42
38
60
76
67
63
62
62
42
44
1.
Wildcat Creek: Wildcat Creek enters the Grande Ronde River about 8 miles above Troy.
Aerial observations were made over the lower 9 miles of this stream
The stream appears to have a moderate gradient in this area and is in a moderately narrow canyon.
The canyon slopes contain conifers in the draws, but most of the slope cover consists of grass and rocks.
The bank cover is primarily brush and conifers.
The stream was partly shaded in the upper areas and partly shaded to open in the lower sections at the time of the survey.
appeared quite small and ground observations
The flow
12 days later indicated a flow of approximately 5 c.f.s.
A foot survey was made on July
20, 1959 from
to
miles above the mouth.
This survey indicated that the streambed was rather poor as a spawning area.
Silt and sand were estimated to comprise 20 per cent of the bottom materials and gravel was considered to make up only about 10 per cent of the streambed.
Three impassable log jams (LGR-Wc-l) were observed on this survey.
These were located from
to
miles above the road bridge that crosses Wildcat Creek shortly above the mouth of Waflupa Creek.
A water temperature of 70°F. was recorded on this survey.
A road parallels Wildcat Creek over its lower 3.5 miles and observations were made on this lower section from the road on October 11,
1957.
No quantitative assessment of the streambed was made, but this section is believed to contain better gravel than the area above Wallupa Creek.
observation on lower Wildcat Creek at
A temperature and flow
2:00 p.m.
were 6 c.f.s. and
53°F.

Mud Creeks Mud Creek was observed from the air on July 8, 1959 over its lower 14 miles.
It enters the Grands Rondo River about 7 miles above Troy.
This stream is in a moderate to narrow canyon and has a moderate gradient below
Buck Creek.
Above here the stream appears to become progressively steeper until, near its source, the gradient again becomes moderate.
Slope cover on Mud Creek is predominantly grass with conifers being very scarce in the lower reaches of the stream.
Bank cover In the upper areas consists of conifers and brush; on the lower section of the stream it is made up mostly of grass, deciduous trees and brush.
The upper stream is partly shaded while below Tope Creek the stream is more open.
A wide streambed in the lower section contributed to this condition.
Mud Creek appeared to have a larger flow than Wildcat Creek at the time of these observatlonse No obstructions to fish migration were noted below Tope
Creek.
Above Tope Creek, the stream could not be evaluated for obstructions because of poor observation conditions.
In common with other small streams of the area, Mud Creek has very low summer flows and high temperatures.
Courtney Creek: Courtney Creek enters the Grande Ronde River 1 mile above Troy.
An aerial survey over the lower 9 miles of this 12-mile-long stream was made on July 8, 1959.
This stream is quite similar to Mud Creek except that it had less flow and less shade.
One possible obstruction was noted approximately
1 mile below Bobcat Creek.
Other obstructions may exist above this point as observation conditions became poorer with upstream progression.
No obstructions wore noted in the lower reaches of the stream.
Miscellaneous Minor Tributaries: Incidental observations were also made on a few minor tributaries of the lower Grande Ronde.
The lower 5 miles of Wallupa
Creek, a tributary of Wildcat Creek, were observed In the fall of 3.957.
This stream had an intermittent flow in the upper section and a flow of 2 c.f.s. at the mouth.
The streambed contained some gravel areas.
The lower 1 to 2 miles on lower Buford and Rattlesnake Creeks were also observed during the summer months.
These streams are very small tributaries which enter the Grande Rondé about 26 miles above the mouth.
Their gradients are rather steep and they have been observed to go dry in the summer, Schumaker Creek is another small tributary which was observed.
This stream enters the Grande Ronde River 16 miles above the mouth.
It is shorter than the two previously mentioned streams and has a steeper gradient.
It also is not a perennial stream.
Anadromous Fish Populations
Chinook: Chinook salmon are not known to presently utilize the lower Grande
Ronde River for spawning.
Ground observations in the fall in both 1958 and 1959 over much of the river, and aerial observations over the entire river in 1959, failed to indicate the presence of fish.
Because of high summer temperatures, these observations were made in late October and early November when use of the river might be made by fall-spawning chinook.
Inasmuch as visibility conditions were poor when observations were made, the negative results do not confirm, but only suggest, the absence of a spawning population.
Although the lower Grande Ronde River is not known to be used as a chinook salmon spawning area, it may be of value for rearing purposes.
On November 21,
1958, some time was spent in seining the river below Wildcat Creek.
Several juvenile chinook were collected in this area.
Some were young-of-the-year fish and others were 11 to 12 cm. in fork length indicating that they were yearlings.
The presence of these fish in the river at this date suggests that the lower
Grande Ronde may be utilized as a winter rearing area.

Steelhead: No observations of steelhead in the lower Grande Ronde have been made during this
However,
River it is believed that steelhoad utilize all tributaries which are accessible and provide suitable conditions for successful spawning and egg incubation.
Wildcat, ud and Courtney Creeks fall into this category.
Silver Salmon: Silver salmon are not known to utilize the lower Grands
Ronde other than for a migration route to the Wallowa River drainage.
Parkhurst
(1950) reports that a few silver salmon spawnera wore observed on the lower Grande
Observations during the present study do not in-
Ronde River in October of 1940.
dicate the continued existence of this species in the river.
However, the same qualifications of
hold true for the Interpretation of these observations with respect to silver salmon as with chinook
Fish Transplants.
It is believed that the best opportunity for increasing anadromous fish production on the lower Grande Rondo River is through the introduction of fall-spawning chinook salmon.
This group appears best suited for the lower Grande Rondo from the standpoint of water temperature at the time of spawning and short fresh-water rearing period.
Superficially, it seems that the greatest deterrent to the success of a transplant program would be the effect of high spring and winter flows on incubation success.
Indications are that winter temperatures are low and that the incubation period would be prolonged until the period of high flows even in years of late run-off (See temperature and flow section).
It Is recommended that test plants of eyed eggs be made in gravel areas in the vicinity of Troy to determine the incubational quality of the river.
prove encouraging, It is recommended that attempts be made to
Such tests could be made by use of groups of eggs buried in the gravel in plastic bags to be removed at Intervals during the incubation period.
If the results mesh establish a run in the lower river.
It is suggested that the stock of fish which utilize the lower
Wenatchee River may prove suitable both from the time of spawning and the migration distance from the ocean (French and Wahie, 1959).
If the incubation tests prove successful, then an effort should be made to
Introduce a rim through large-scale transplants.
In order to derive additional benefit from the egg donation, it is recommended that an incubator station be established on the river to inc3ure a high order of egg-to-fry survival.
of surviving fry could be made from the road along a 26-mile section
Releases of the river extending from Wildcat Creek downstream to State Highway 3.
Although the lower Grande Ronde River may not contain extensive spawning areas, it has a length of 81 miles, all of which are believed unproductive with respect to spawning area.
If fall-run chinook could be transplanted to this section, a tremendous potential would be realized even with the limited spawning area.
It is felt that a 2 per cent utilization of the river bed for spawning purposes would he a conservative estimate of what is available.
When this is applied to a conservative estimate of the average width of the river of 90 feet, a total of 85,500 square yards of spawning area is obtained.
Although the derivation of this figure must be considered extremely crude, its high order strongly suggests that serious consideration be given to transplants in the lower Grande
Rondo River

Obstructions and Diversions: It is recommended that the 3 debris jams on
Wildcat Crock (LGR-wi-1) be removed to improve access to the upper area8 of this stream for steelbead.
No other recommendations are made.
This report has not considered the possibility of a (600-foot) high multipurpose dam (Wenaha Dam) being constructed on the lower Grando Rondo River.
Another dam on the Cloarwater River in Idaho was chosen by the USCE in lieu of the Wonaha Darn on the Grande Rondo River.
No diversions are known to exist on the lower Grancle Rondo River.
Impoundment and Hatchery Sites: and hatchery sites are made.
No recommendations concerning impoundment
WENAHA RIVER
Introduction
The Wenaha River originates in the Blue Mountains 25 miles north of Elgin,
Oregon.
It flows in a general easterly course for approximately 30 miles to the village of Troy, Oregon, where it enters the Grande Rondo River (Figure 21).
Stream elevation in the headwaters is between three and four thousand feet while at the mouth, the elevation is 1,580 feet above mean sea level.
The main stem of the river is formed by the confluence of the North and South Forks which converge approximately 22 mileS above the mouth.
In addition to the forks, the principal tributaries of the Wenaha are Milk Creek, which flows into the South Fork, and
Butte and Crooked Creeks which drain into the main stem approximately 16 and 6 miles respectively above the mouth (Figure 22).
The Wenaha is accessible by road only at its mouth and, hence, remains relatively unspoiled by the activities of man.
Some logging is being carried out, in a 7-square mile area on the ridge between the Wenaha and Grande Rondo Rivers above Crooked Creek.
However, no future logging within the drainage is contemplated within the next 4 years.
No diversions are presently no appreciable diversion of water is anticipated since there on the stream is a negligible and amount of irrigablo land in the canyon floor.
A trail is present from the mouth to the headwaters of the South Fork, and trails leading to the other major tributaries make the system available for recreational use.
Substantial numbers of chinook salmon and steelhead are produced in the
Wenaha. River system.
Early records suggest that large numbers of silver salmon also utilized this area 60 years ago, but there has been no evidence of these fish in the system since that time.
Inventory Surveys - Dates and Areas
Surveys to catalogue the physical characteristics of the stream were made in
August 1957 and in July and September
1958.
These surveys covered approximately
57 miles of stream.
In addition to surveying 22 miles of the main stem, 7 miles of the North Fork, 10 miles of Butte Creek, 7 miles of Milk Creek, and 11 miles of Crooked Creek were catalogued.
Also, on June
a brief aerial observation was made on some of the headwater areas.
No inventory of the South Fork was made because of familarity with this tributary acquired during previous spawning ground surveys.

S S
Figure 21.
The Village of Troy and Confluence of
Weraha and Grande Ronde Rivers,
Figure 23.
Lower Wenaha Canyon Looking down Canyon
From Above Crooked Creek.
Crooked Creek Canyon can be Seen Entering From Left.
Figure 24.
A Gravel and Rubble Area Below Crooked
Creek, This Section Appears Suitable for Spawning
(72-58)..
Figure 25.
One of Several Flat Areas on the Lower
Wenaha Where Off-Channel llnpound]nents Could be
Constructed.

LEGEND
Unsurveyed Stream Section
approximately 10% per mile)
Falls
Beaver Dam
= Rood
Driuge
S '
0I
-S
S.
(LGR-wNf-2)2.
I
5'di
-'
I
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2'P LGR-WN-lJt
1
4\D
I d: oIl
.I
.-J
..., UI
F
'kv.' 4?
.
C.
S
'I
,
1
'
-
.%
0%
'-
/
/
I,
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,
S
Crooked Cr.
I
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/
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;;
..
_j____ .I.I
05
S.)
.
-
S
$
I icj
Iti--
I.
f g
WASHlNGTON
0
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_, S
OREGON
S
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TROYQ
S.
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.
A
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411 012345678
I
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(
SCALE OF MILES
68-

Survo Data--!4in
Stem
Terrain and Gradient: The Wenaha
River main stem runs through a deep oanyon which becomes somewhat wider about 2 miles above Crooked Creek.
The gradient is generally niodorate with some moderate to steep sections occurring down as far as Crooked Creek.
The last. 5 miles of the Wenaha has been surveyed by the USGS and reportedly has a gradient of slightly less than 1. per cent.
Slope and Bank Cover: The slope cover is characterized by conifers and grass with some rock outcroppings intermixed.
The conifer is the dominant cover type in the upper section of this area, while at the
the canyon, grass predominates, especially on the slopes with a southern exposure (Figure 23).
Streambank cover is a mixture of coniferous and deciduous trees, brush, and grass with more grass in evidence at the lower end of the section.
Shade: Stream shade from the forks down to halfway between Butte and
Crooked Creeks is variable with both shaded and open areas being noted.
Below this section, the stream has very little shade and is classified as open.
Stream Cross Section: The cross section of the stream is wide and shallow from halfway between Butte and Crooked Creeks down to the mouth.
Above this area, the stream in general is slightly narrower and deeper.
Bottom Materials: The streambed is composed almost entirely of gravel, rubble, and boulders (Figure 24).
Very little silt or sand was observed.
The better spawning area appeared to be in the upper section from the forks down to
Butte Creek.
A general analysis of the streambed composition is: 20 per cent gravel, 50-60 per cent rubble, and 20-30 per cent boulders.
and Diversions: No obstructions or diversions were observed in the 22 mile section from the forks to the mouth.
Impoundment and Hatchery Sites: Areas for off channel impoundments are distributed throughout the survey section.
Most opportunities for impoundments exist below Crooked Creek (Figure 25).
However, one excellent area is present at the confluence of the North and South Forks and another smaller site is located opposite the mouth of Butte Creek.
No hatchery sites of promise were noted in the survey section.
Flow and Temperature Data: Stream flows in this section appeal' adequate with late August 1957 and late July 1958 field estimates of 70 and 150 o.f.s., respectively, above Butte Creek.
Water temperatures in the lower canyon were relatively high in late July 1958 with 70° recorded below Crooked Creek in the late afternoon of July 22.
Ten miles above Crooked Creek on July 20, 1958, the water temperature was 58°F. at 11:00 a1m.
Detailed temperature records are available for the mouth of the Wenaha River j during the period May 1956 to
October 1957 (USFWS, 1958, 1959).
These data are given In Figures 26 and 27 and also indicate that late July is the period of high temperature.
It is of interest
Other spot-temperature to note that November temperatures averaged below 40°F.
and flow data are presented
Table 17.
/ The temperature station for this record was actually located in the Grands
Rondo River 100 feet below the mouth of the Wenaha River.
believed that the Grando Ronde River does not Influence
However, it is temperatures at this point since the station is on the same side, of the Grands Ronde as Is the
Wenaha and the flows of the two rivers are not mixed at that point.
-69-

75
0
C) - -
C)
C)
AA
I
S
I'
I St A I
I
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TV
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' l
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:
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:
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V
,'
V
'I
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..-.
t
/.'i,
.-\J
/ t
I
13
I
20
May
I
30
I
10
I
20
June
I
30
I
10
I
20
I
30
I
10
I
20
August
Daily Maxirnuri and Mininum Water Teriperatures for the Wenaha
River
I
30

-
A3cc)
--fl--
32
10
I
20
September
30 10
1
20
October
30 10 20
November i
30 10 20
December
Figure 26.
Daily Water Temperatures, Wenaha River (continued).

-
65
60
Maximum s0
35
:
A
'
V %_I
\:
"
Minimum
1
10
I
20
January
30
I
-
I
10 20
February
10
I
20
March
I
30
I
10
I
20
I
30
I
10 t
20
May
Daily Maximum and Minimum Water Temperatures for the Wenaha River at the Mouth,
I
30

70
6S cr60
G)
S.45
(-I
125
\i
V
/
,
I\
'I
,
L
St
It
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IS
/ ti-I
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IFV iv
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I,
/
Li
3S
3 I
10
I
20
June
I
30
I
10 20
July
I
30
I
10
I I
20 30
August
I
10
I
20
September
I
30
Figure 27.
Daily Water Temperatures, Water Temperatures (continued).
I
10
October
20

Table 17.
Spot-Temperature and Flow Observations on the Wenaha River 1949-59.
Loation me
Temp. in
U?
Flow
Source of in Informa-
Air Water ç,f.s .
tion.
May
5-19-51
5-19-56
5-18- 53
5-22-54
5-26-5 5
5-2-56
5-24-56
5-1-5 7
5-22-57
5-22-58
June
6-29-55
6-13-57
July
7-26-51
7-11-52
7-2-54
7-9-56
7-31-57
January
1-22-52 l-28-'56
1-15-58
Near Troy ft
February
2-4-51
2-26-52
2-2-54
2-7-57
2-22-58
2-19-53
Near Troy ft ft ft
It ft
March
3-31-51 Near Troy
3-16-54
3-9-55
'I
It
3-3-56
3-15-57
3-30-53 ft
II
April
4-15-52
4-27-54
4-11-55
4-22-55
4-10-56
4-10-58
Near Troy ft
It
It
I,
It
Near Troy
It
Near Troy
It ft
It ft
It
I,
It
'I
It ft
I,
It
Near Troy ft
12:00 Noon 18
11:00 a.m.
36
2:10 p.m.
38
4:00 p.m.
37
12:00 Noon 18
12:00 Noon 42
11:00 a.m.
28
11:00 a.m.
55
10:00 a.m, 29
9:00 a.m.
60
3:00 p.m.
56
1:00 p.m.
10:00 a.in.
54
40
10:00 a.m.
47
4:00 p.m.
56
54
11:00 a.m.
60
1:00 p.m.
47
11:00 a.m.
68
10:00 a.m. -
9:00 a.m.
60
6:00 p.m.
62
5:00 p.m.
61
9:00 a.m.
66
12:00 Noon
54
1:00 p.m.
64
11:00 a.m.
54
2:00 p.m.
77
11:00 a.m.
62
10:00 a.m.
--
11:00 a.m.
59
9:50 a.m.
60
2:00 p.m. 106
1:00 p.m.
97
2:00 p.m.
86
2:00 p.m. 100
11:00 a.m.
86
32
37
38
48
50
51
50
48
46
46
50
46
47
35
32
38
32
41
34
45
47
42
44
45
47
48
42
39
36
40
47
52
53
73
68
61
64
76
USGS
II
It
II
'I
It
It
It
It
II
It ft
It
II
It
II
II
U
It
It
It
II
I,
It
I,
I,
'I
It ft ft
I, ft
I,
-74-

Table 17.
Spot-Temperature 0bervations (continued)
DatQ LoçaiQn Time
Tori. in
Flow
In c.f,s
July
7-9-58 Near Troy 1:00 p.m.
79 64
7-29-58 Butte Cr., 0.5 ml. below fks.
7-29-58
2 ml. below fbi.
7-29-58
7-2958
Butte r.,
4
12:15 p.m.
76
62 at mouth.
Butte
Cr., at mouth.
7-29-58
9:45 a.m. -
11:15 a.m. -
7:45 a.m.
54
55
58
2:00 p.m.
89 66
10:00 a.m.
78 58
46
25
28
35
40
45
3-4
7-29-58
7-29-58
7-24-58 above mouth.
at mouth.
8:40 a.m. -
52
8:40 a.m. -
53
6.5 ml. above mouth.
9:45 a.m.
64 41
10
15
0.5
Milk Cr,, 5 ml. above mouth.
11:00 a.m.
65
Milk Cr., 4 ml.
above mouth.
2:00 p.m.
73
Milk Cr., 3 ml. above mouth.
1:00 p.m.
78
48
54
56
2.5
5
5-6
Milk Cr., 2 ml. above mouth.
Milk
2:10 p.m.
68 56 s-io
ml. above mouth.
3:45 p.m.
66 56 14
N. Tic., 7.5
ml.
above mouth.
11:35 a.m.
78
56 25
N. Plc., 6 ml. above mouth.
1:25 p.m.
82 60 30
40 a
N. Plc., 5 ni. above mouth.
2:35 p.m.
78 57 above mouth.
4:00 p.m.
69 52
N. Fk., near mouth.
7:20 p.m.
62 50
Deep Saddle Cr., near mouth.
5].
7-30-58 Wenaha IL, shortly above
a
Wenaha it., 1 ml. above
10:00 a.m.
78
11:05 a.m.
80
54
58
Butte Cr.
a
Wenaha it., 4 ml. below 1:00 p.m.
89 64
60
75
10
150
200
200 a
Butte Cr.
Wenaha it., 6 ml. below
Butte
Cr.
Wenaha it. at Crooked Cr.
2:10 p.m.
90
3:45 p.m.
90
2:15 p.m.
96
65
68
67
200
200
200 7-22-58 Wenaha ft., shortly above
Crooked Cr.
Wenaha R., 2 ml. below
Crooked Cr.
a
4 ml. below Crooked Cr.
7 . b]cw Crooked Cr.
7-5-54 At mouth.
7-22-58 Crooked Cr., 0.25 ml.
below Second Cr.
Crooked Cr., 0.25 ml.
above First Cr.
3:25 p.m.
96
4:30 p.m.
84
5:50 p.m.
90
9:20 a.m.
78
4:15 p.m. -
5:15 p.m.
83
69
70
70
58
66
65
250
250
250
150 +
35-40
-
Crooked Cr., 0.5 ml.
below First Cr.
9:30 a.m.
74 58 35
62 Crooked Cr., 3 xiii. above mouth.
Crooked Cr., 2 xiii. above mouth.
Crooked Cr., 1 ml. above mouth.
10:35 a.m.
84
11:55 a.m.
90
1:30 p.m.
96
67
72
35
40
45
Source of
Inforriation.
USGS
OFC a a a a a a
"
" a a
-75-

Table 17.
Spot-Temperature Oboervatlona (continued)
Temp. in
Locatlo
I
Flow in
Source of
Inforinaton
July
7-22-58 Crooked Cr.
at mouth
Trout Cr.
2:10 p.m.
96 72 45
1:30 p.m. -
62 20-25
2:40 p.m.
85 64 25 Third Cr.,
Trout Cr.
2 ml. below
Cougar Cr., 1 ml. above mouth. 11:45 a.m.
Cougar Cr., at mouth.
Trout Cr., at mouth.
Trout Cr., below Cougar
Second Cr., at mouth.
Third Cr., at mouth of
Cr.
12:25 p.m.
12:25 p.m.
12:35 p.m.
4:05 p.m.
12:50 p.m.
Trout Cr.
Melton Cr., at mouth.
First Cr., at mouth.
7-29-58 Crooked Cr.
84
54
56
64
60
62
63
6-7
10
18
6-7
5-6
-
5:00 p.m. 63 5
5:30 p.m. -
66 10-12
3:45 p.m.
90 73
August
8-15-56 South Fit., near mouth.
-
-
8-28-56
8-30-53
8-15-52
South Fit., near mouth.
Location unknown.
2:20 p.m.
66
--
48
3:30 p.m.
72 54
1:00 p.m.
74 52
Cougar Cr.
above North Fit.
3:00 p.m.
56
8-15-49
I,
8-23-54
8-24-55
N
8-22-56
N
8-12-55
8-29-53
8-15-52
8-15-49
I,
I,
I,
I,
8-15-52
8-28-51
8-21-52
8-6-53
8-1.0-55
8-9-56
8-29-58
South Fit,, just below Milk Cr.
South Fk., near mouth.
South Fk., just below Milk Cr.
South Fit., just below Milk Cr.
South Fit., near mouth.
2:10 p.m.
7:00 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
-
-
67
2:00 p.m.
78 50
North Fit., 2 ml. above mouth.
8-15-56
North Fit., near mouth.
North Fit., 2 ml. above mouth.
North Fk.
near mouth.
8-28-57
North Fit., near mouth.
below
Shortly below
Near Troy.
I,
2:30 p.m.
1:00 p.m.
7:15 p.m.
4:30 p.m.
11:20 a.m.
-
58
67
52
54
52
44
56
4:20 p.m. 52
55
47
54
49
52
48
12:30 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
2:30 p.m.
3:30 p.m.
3:45 p.m.
10:30 a.m.
12:00 Noon
1:30 p.m.
4:00 p.m.
11:30 a,m.
11:00 a.m.
78
54
82
49
50
51
52
58
59
64
9].
95
73
72
96 62
61
10:00 a.m.
62 47
40
30
30
35
65
70
70
70
70
80
10
60
--
-
35
42
90
12
35
-76-
OFC
N
N
N
USGS ft
I, ft
I' ft
OFC
000
OFC ft
'I ft lt
'I
N
N ft
I, ft
I,
I,
N
I, ft
N
'I
N
I,
I,
I,
I,
000
OFC
N ft
I,

Table 17.
Spot-Temperature Obeervations (continued)
Date Location T1iie
Temp. in
°F.
Air
Water
Flow in o,f.e.
Source of
Information.
August
8-13-52 Milk
Cr., at mouth.
ft
I,
828-57 South Tic., short].y above
Milk Cr.
ft
South Tic., shortly below
Milk Cr.
1:25 p.m.
10:20 a.m.
2:10 p.m.
10:00 a.m.
62
-
-
62
56
52
54
45
8
12
22
OFC ft ft ft
September
9-24-53 Near Troy.
9-13-55
9-26-56
I,
I,
9-25-58
West Tic, of Butte Cr., at
Rainbow Cr.
I,
above mouth.
I,
Rainbow Cr., at mouth
9-1-53 Lower Butte Cr.
9-3-56
I,
South Tic., near mouth.
ft
North Tic., near mouth.
I,
above mouth.
9-5-55
North Tic.,
4 ml, above mouth.
I,
North Tic., near mouth
12:00 Noon
3:00 p.m.
8:50 a.m.
10:00 a.zn.
73
88
63
52
11:30 a.m.
59
10:00 a .m.
3:20
12:00 Noon
3:15 p.m.
12:00 Noon
2:26 p .ni.
52
67
66
67
68
60
87
86
October
10-26-50 Near Troy.
10-18-51 "
10-7-52 "
10-19- 54 "
10-25-55
10-10-57
10-29-58 ft ft
I,
November
11-12-52 Near
11-2-53 "
11-30-54 "
Troy.
December
12-14-50 Near Troy.
12-5-51 "
12-30-52 ft
I, 12-24-53
12-28-54
12-7-55
12-29-55
12-19-56 ft ft if
I, ft 12-2-5?
12-4-58 ft
5:30 p.m.
12:00
Noon
31:00 a.m.
53
45
74
51
10:00 a.m.
10:00 a.m.
11:30 a.m.
4
55
68
12:15 p.m.
2:30 p.m.
2:00 p.m.
43
62
28
11:00 a.m.
11:40 a.m.
1:00 p.m.
1:00 p.m.
12:00 Noon
11:00 a.m.
1:00 p.m.
9:40 a.m.
12:00 a.m.
3:00 p.m.
-77
40
45
37
4.4
30
44
28
33
41
42
37
44
34
40
38
34
39
32
37
34
39
37
41
48
45
53
46
46
48
40
59
63
52
45
46
46
52
42
51
46
49
47
53
20
25
4
15
35
20
USGS ft ft
OFC
I, ft ft ft ft ft
'I ft
I, ft
I,
I, ft
I, ft ft ft
USGS ft ft ft
I,
N ft ft

Bcc3idos Butte and Crooked Creeks, other smaller tributaries
Gulch Creeks.
Of these, .Slickear,
Rock, and Swamp Creeks were not observed,
Beaver and Weller Creeks had small flows, Fairviow Creek was dry, and Dry Guloh
Creek appeared to be dry when viewed from across the main river The observation of Beaver Creek was made in August 1957 and all other observations were made
late July 1958.
Anadromous Fish Pop4ati9ns-Wenaha River main stem
Chinook: Spawning ground surveys made by Fish Commission biologists have established the fact that chinook have utilized parts of the main stem for spawning.
These surveys have been conducted during the period from mid-August to early September when the bulk of the chinook spawning occurs.
In 1953, a survey from the forks to Troy revealed that
were spawning down as far as Crooked
Creek.
Seventy-seven live and 17 dead
as 91 redde, were counted in that area.
A 1.5 mile survey below the forks in mid-August 1952 gavO a count
and 2 redds.
In August 1957, a survey was made from the forks down to 1 mile above Butte Creek in which counts of 198 live and 44 dead fish and 207 redds were made.
It was also reported by residents of Tz'oy that fish spawned in great numbers that year between Butte and Crooked Creeks.
To the knowledge of the authors, no chinook have been observed spawning below Crooked
Creek.
On July 30, 1958, a few chinook fingerlings were observed one mile below
Butte Creek.
Two of those were collected and measured.
the other 2.5
fork length.
One was 2 inches and
There have been no observations of late in October spawning chinook--those that spawn and
Novemberand the use, if any, of the Wenaha River by such fish is unknown.
SteeThead: The Wenaha systàn produces a run of steelhead, but nothing is known about the spawning of this species.
11any small steelhead or resident rainbow trout were observed in this area in July 1958, but it was not determine6 if these fish wore produced in the main stem or in the tributary streams of the
Silver Salmon: The use of this area by silver salmon is undetermined.
Very early fish cultural work by the Oregon State Department of Fisheries offers an indication that silvers at one time entered the Wenaba.
The annual report of this agency for 1903 states that the Wenaha River was racked
above the mouth and eggs were taken from 483 sockeye salmon.
Since the Wenaha is not particularly adapted to the perpetuation of this species, having no lakes in the system, it appears that these fish might have been silvers.
Evidence of the presence of silvers in any part of the Wenaha in recent years is not known to the authors.
However, silvers are reportedly taken by anglers just below the mouth of the Wenaha at Troy during late summer and early tall and very po$8ibly do utilize the stream.
Da - North Fork
The North Fork is approximately 12 miles in length.
It joins the South Fork
the main river 22 miles above the mouth.
Gradient: The North Fork is in a narrow canyon throughout most of its course.
Only near the mouth does the canyon widen slightly.
The gradient is generally moderate to moderately steep throughout the lower 7 miles.

Slope and Bank Cover: The slope cover is mostly conifers and brush in the headwatera with a transition to more grass and rock outoroppings farther down the canyon.
Timbered slopes are the rule, however, for the entire area.
The bank cover is a mixture of coniferous and deciduous trees and brush with some grass cover present near the mouth.
A few swampy and meadow areas are located in the lower part of the canyon.
Shade: Shade from the atreambank cover and the canyon is classified as intermediate with considerable shaded and exposed areas occurring.
Stream Cross Section:
The stream cross section is moderate throughout with few very wide or very narrow places present.
Bottom Materials: The composition of the streambed for the first half of the surveyed area is classified as 10 per cent gravel with the remainder of the bottom composed equally of rubble and boulders.
The lower half of the section is believed to contain approximately 20 per cent gravel with more or less equal amounts of rubble and boulders making up the rest of the bottom area.
Obstructions and Diversions:
(LGR-WNf-1) was noted.
One obstruction in the form of a beaver dam
This was located between 5 and 6 miles above the mouth and appeared to be impassable.
However, it is questionable whether this will remain a permanent barrier or will be washed out during the spring runoff.
A
20-foot falls (IflR-WNf-2) has been reported 8 miles above the mouth.
This barrier was not observed from the ground as the upper limit of the survey was below this point.
However, aerial observation confirmed its existence during a flight on
June 3, 1959.
No diversions exist on the North Fork.
Impoundment and Hatchery Sites:
Areas for impoundments are available on the North Fork in the lower two miles of the stream.
No estimate of the amount of available area was made but it is believed to exceed 20 acres.
The location of hatchery sites was not considered for the North
Fork.
Flow and Temperature Data: Flow estimates on July 24, 1958 were: at the upper end of the survey area, 25 c.f.s.; near the midpoint of the section 60 c.f.s.; and, at the mouth, 75 c.f.s.
The water of the North
Fork is relatively miles above the cool.
A high of 60°F. on the survey of July 24 was recorded 5.5
mouth at 1:25 p.m.
Other flow and temperature data are presented in Table 17.
Tributaries:
Deep Saddle Creek is the major tributary of this section and was flowing an estimated 10 c.f .a. when observed in late July.
This tributary flows into the North Fork from the west about 5 miles above the mouth.
Ana4r.ous Fish Po.ulations - North Fork Wenaha River
Chinook: Chinook salmon utilize the North Fork.
Surveys conducted by the
Fish Commission during the spawning season have established far as 3 miles above the mouth.
that fish spawn as
Washington Department of Game and U. S. Forest
Service employees have reportedly observed chinook about two miles above this point.
Unconfirmed reports indicate that chinook have spawned as far upstream as the falls located approximately 8 miles above the mouth.
However, spawning conditions in the upper half of the survey area are not as good as in the lower section and it is believed that the bulk of the spawning is in the lower 3 miles.
The 1957 spawning ground survey produced the largest count of fish and redda
-79-

recorded to dato.
In the lower 3 miles of the North Fork, 66 live and 6 dead fish were observed as well as 58 redde.
Past spawning ground observations have been limited to the period from mid-August to mid-September and, consequently, no information is available concerning the presence of late-spawning chinook.
Stee].hoad: The extent to which steelhead utilize the North Fork is not known.
Small numbers of fingerling rainbow trout wore observed throughout the lower 7 miles of the stream during a survey in July 1958.
Steelhead have been reported in the vicinity of Deep Saddle Creek by Washington Department of Game
(141)0) and U. S. Forest Service (USFS) personnel.
Silver Salmons The presence of this species in the North Fork has not been determined.
-
Because of familiarity with the general characteristics of the South Fork gained on spawning ground surveys, no inventory record of the environment was made.
The following discussion is based on impressions made during spawning ground surveys in 1955 and 1956.
The South Fork appears to have the best production potential of any section of the Wenaha.
Good spawning conditions exist from the confluence with the North
Fork up to Milk Creek, a distance of approximately 7 miles
The gradient is generally moderate with numerous riffles and some pools present.
The streambed
estimated to be 30 per cent gravel, 50-60 per cent rubble and
10.20 per cent boulders.
The stream cross section is generally moderate with no appreciable areas which are wide and shallow, or narrow and deep.
Adequate shade is present due to the deep South Fork canyon, and the streambank cover which is mostly coniferous and deciduous trees and brush.
Good areas for impoundments occur in the upper third of the stream section and occasionally thereafter to the mouth.
One large area exists near the mouth.
No hatchery sites, obstructions, or diversions were noted on the South Fork.
Flows and temperatures for this section are given in Table 17.
Anadromous Fish Pot,ulations
Chinook:
Fish Commission spawning ground surveys indicate that the South
Fork Wenaha River regularly has the greatest number of spawners per unit area of any section of the
Wenaha.
Most of the spawning is between the North Fork and
Milk Creek, but fish and redds have been observed in limited numbers above Milk since the inita-
Creek.
The 1957 counts are the largest that have been recorded tion of spawning surveys in the eastern part of the state in 1948.
Table 18 gives the counts for an 8-year period from 1949 to 1957
Fork from Milk Creek to the North Fork.
(excluding 1951) in the South
These counts are not necessarily comparable from year to year due to the variation in observation conditions and in the stage of spawning when the counts were made
The peak period of spawning activity occurs sometime between mid-August and early September.
No information is available on the possible presence of October or November spawners.
Information on steelhead populations in the
South Fork is
Steelbead: lacking.
The presence of this species In the South Fork has not been
Silver Salmon: determined.

8-a5-49
8-17-50
8-15-52
8-31-53
8-9-54
8-23-54
9-6-54
8-12-55
8-18-55
8-24-55
8-30-55
9-5-55
8-16-56
8-22-56
8-28-56
9-3-56
9-9-56
8-28-57
Table 18.
River,
Spring Chinook Spawning Ground Counts on South Fork Wenaha
1949-57.
Observed Section is from North Fork to Milk Creek.
Livc,
35
37
225
138
22
35
28
69
4
71
40
0
3
41
58
65
8
253
Dead
22
0
2
7
0
1
1
0
0
2
4
1
6
10
23
12
189
Red
35
53.
103
3.16
12
56
107
0
3
37
32
34
33
130
107
183
134
293
Data Source
OFC
Idaho Dept. Fish and Game (IDFG)
OFC
IDFG
OFC
It
"
"
"
Survey Data - Milk creek
Milk Creek was surveyed from its source to the mouth in late July 1958.
Milk Creek flows Into the South Fork 7 mIles above its mouth and is the uppermost stream on the drainage that was surveyed.
This tributary Is approximately
7 miles in length and has its source just over the border in Washington.
Terrain and Gradient: its course.
The stream is In a narrow canyon throughout most of
The gradient over the upper halt of the stream is steep and the lower half is moderate.
Slope and Bank Cover: Conifers are the major slope cover type.
Bank cover is predominantly brush on the upper two-thirds of the stream, while conifers intermixed with brush constitute the major part of the bank growth in the lower area.
The dominant brush type is alder.
Shade: Stream shade is classified as partly shaded to densely shaded.
Alders form a canopy over the stream In some sections.
Stream Cross
The stream cross section is moderate.
Bottom Materials:
30 per cent rubble, and
Bottom composition is approximately 40 per cent gravel
30 per cent boulders.
Obstructions and Diversions: One beaver dam located approximately 0.25
mile below Shoofly Creek (LGR-WM-1) was believed to block fish stream at the observed water stage but from moving upnot at higher flows.
In the upper area, numeroui3 brush and log jams (LGR-w4-2) were noted in addition to a 6-foot falls
-81-

(LGR-WM-3) observed between 1.5 to 2 miles below the stream source.
Those barriers, however, are in an area of small flow and do not obstruct good spawning grounds.
No diversions are believed to exist on Milk Creek.
Impoundment and Hatchery Sites: Some area suitable for impoundments exists on Milk Creek in the vicinity of Shoofly Creek.
It is estimated that 5 acres of impoundments could be constructed in this vicinity.
Flow and Temperature Data: Stream flow in the upper areas of Milk Creek was very small at the time of the survey on July 24, 1958.
The flow near the source was estimated at 0.5 c,f.s. and shortly thereafter the flow disappeared for approximately 0.5 mile.
The flow gradually increased with the entrance of small tributaries and 4 miles downstream it was estimated at 5-6 c.f.s.
By the time the mouth was reached, the discharge volume was estimated at 14 c.f.s.
The water temperature at the source at 9:45 a.m. was 41°F.
Near the mouth, at 3:45 p.m., the water temperature was 56°F.
Additional flow and temperature data are given in Table 17.
Tributaries: The principal tributary is Shoofly Creek, located about three..
fourths mile above the mouth.
This was flowing an estimated 4 o.f.s. at the time of observation.
Anadronious Fish Poi,u].ations - Milk Cree'
Chinook: One female chinook was observed on a redd 0.25 mile above the mouth of Milk Creek during the July 24, 1958 survey.
Other reports of salmon in lower Milk Creek are not uncommon.
However, due to the low flow during the spawning season, it is doubtful if spring chinook utilize Milk Creek above the mouth of Shoofly Creek,
Steelhead: Since the time of steelhead spawning coincides with higher water levels, it is believed that Milk Creek may be more valuable to this species than to chinook.
No statement regarding the abundance or distribution of steelhead in Milk Creek can be made however, because of the lack of observations in this area during the steelhead spawning season.
Silver Salmon: It is not known if silver salmon are present in Milk Creek.
Survey Data - Butte Creek
Butte Creek originates in Washington and flows approximately 14 miles before it drains into the Wenaha River 16 miles above the mouth.
Observations were made on the Butte Creek system in late July and late September 1958.
The lover 7 miles of Butte Creek were observed on July 29; on September
25 the lower 3 miles of the West Fork, which adjoins the lower survey area, were checked.
Terrain and Gradient; From 3 miles up on the West Fork down to the mouth of Butte Creek, the stream is in a narrow canyon which contains a one mile section of gorge-like terrain located approximately 1.5 miles below the confluence of the
East and West Forks.
The gradient is moderate to steep throughout.
Slope and Bank Cover: The slope cover is composed of conifers and grass with some rock outcroppings.
Bank cover is dominated by conifers and brush intermixed.

Shade: part.ly shaded.
The West Fork is partly to densely shaded and the main stein is
Stream Cross Section: The cross section of the stream Is shallow in the main stem and moderate in the lower 3 miles of the West Fork.
Bottom Materials: The streainbed conposition is estimated to be approximately 20 per cent gravel, 50 per cent rubble, and 30 per cent boulders.
Obstructions and Diversions: No obstructions or diversions were noted in the survey area.
However, a falls (LGR-WB-l) which appeared to be impassable was observed from the air about 0.75 mile above Rainbow Creek in early June 1959.
Impoundment and Hatchery Sites; sites were noted on Butte Creek.
No outstanding impoundment or hatchery
Flow and Temperature Data:
Water temperatures during the survey of late
July were 550F. below tho forks at 9:45 aan. and 66°F. at the mouth at 2:00 p.m.
The estimated flow during this survey was 25 c.f.s. below the forks and 40 c.f.s.
at the mouth.
Late September flow and temperature in the West Fork of Butte
Creek below Rainbow
Creek was 20 o.f.s. and
450F. recorded at 10:00 a.m.
More complete flow and temperature records
Butte Creek are given in Table 17.
Tributaries: The main tributaries of the section creek to 3 miles up the West Fork are the East from the inouth
Butte
Fork and Rainbow Crook.
Rainbow
Creek, which is located at the upper terminus of the survey area, was observed over the lozer mile of Its course in late September.
It wa flawing at an estimated 4 c4.s. and appeered to be of value to stoolbead but not chinook.
The
East Fork is located 7 mIles above the mouth and joins the West Fork to main stein of Butte Creek.
The form the lower 4 mIles of the East Fork were observed in late July.
The stream at that time was discharging 3 or 4 c.f.s. a short distance above King Creek.
At the mouth, the flow was estimated at 10 c.f.s.
The mouth was also observed in September and the estimated flow at that time was 7 o .f.s
The lower mile of the East Fork appears suitable for steelbead spawning but the stream Is of doubtful value to chinook.
m9isFisPopt1onp -B
Chinook: Chinook are reported to spawn as far up Butte Creek as the falls which is located 0.5 mile above Preacher Creek.
During the September 25, 1958 survey of the West Fork between Rainbow Creek and the East Fork, 5 probable and
4 possible redde wore observed.
A survey in the lower 3 miles of Butte Creek was made by FISh Couuaission personnel on September 1, 1953.
A count of 22 live and 1 dead fish and 24 redde was made.
Reliable reports by the USFS and WDG
Indicate that chinook are present 6 miles above the mouth.
Steelhead: Fish Commission personnel have made no observations of stoolhead in Butte Creek, but It is reliably reported that USFS trail crews and members of the
WDG have observed steolhoad
the upper main stem.
Silver Salmon: No information on silver salmon in
Butte Creek Is available.
rvey Data - Cropj4Qck
Crooked Creek Is located the farthest down on the drainage of any of the major tributaries of the Wonaha.
It flows into the Wenaha 6 miles above the

mouth, From its mouth, Crooked Creek extends approximately 15 miles to its uppermost headwatera.
The lower 11 miles of the stream were surveyed in late
July 1958.
Terrain and Gradient: Crooked Creek is in a narrow canyon down as far as
First Creek.
Shortly below First Creek the caryon widens somewhat.
The stream gradient is moderate to steep down to approximately 2 miles above the mouth where it becomes moderate.
Slope and Bank Cover: The slope cover in the narrow section of the canyon is mainly conifers with some deciduous brush.
Below First Creek, the slopes are covered with grass and conifers with some rock outcroppinga.
Bank cover is primanly conifers and brush with grass and deciduous trees included along the lower section of the stream.
Shade: The upper section, to just below First Creek, is partly shaded.
From here down to the mouth, the stream is generally open.
Stream Cross Section: throughout.
The stream cross section is generally shallow
Bottom Materials: The composition of bottom materials from Cougar Creek down to just below First Creek is estimated as follows: 20-30 per cent gravel,
30 per cent rubble, and 40-50 per cent boulders.
In the wider canyon area, the composition is generally classified as 10 per cent silt, 10 per cent gravel, and
40 per cent each of rubble and boulders.
Obstructions and Diversions: Several small log and debris jams and falls over logs (LGR-WC-].) are present in the area above First Creek.
These were doubtful obstructions at the time of observation, but may become barriers at lower water stages.
One 5-foot sloping falls over bedrock (LGR-WC-2) exists 3 miles above the mouth.
This appears passable at all times, except possibly very low water stages.
A small tributary stream, Cougar Creek, was observed to have an impassable beaver dam (LGR-WCC-l) one-third mile above the mouth.
This barrier may be isolating some steolhead spawning area.
No diversions were observed in the survey area.
Impoundment and Hatchery Sites: A sizeable area for impoundments exists shortly below the mouth of First Creek.
Other smaller areas occur below this
No hatchery sites were noted on Crooked Creek.
Flow and Temperature Data: The flow at the start of the survey at Cougar
Creek was estimated at 38 c,f.s, and at the end of the survey at the mouth, the flow estimate was 45 c.f.s.
The lower portion of Crooked Creek showed evidence of a very high water stage in the past.
Stream temperatures were generafly high.
At the upper limit of the survey, Trout Creek had a temperature of
64°F. at 12:25 p.m.
Crooked Creek, below Second Creek, at 4:15 p.m. had a temperature of
66°F.
and Crooked Creek at the mouth had a temperature of 72°F. at 2:10 p.m.
More complete flow and temperature records are given in Table 17.
Tributaries: The major tributaries of Crooked Creek are Trout Creek, Third
Creek, and First Creek.
Trout Creek flows into Third Creek 3 miles above the mouth and appeared to be the main headwater source of Crooked Creek when observed in July 1958.
-84-

Chinook: Chinook have boon reported to spawn in the Crooked Creek system
The main spawning tributaries are reported to be up as far as lower Trout Crook.
First and Third Crooks.
USFS and WDG personnel have reportedly observed chinook up to Third Crook.
One live chinook was
First Creek and several chinook skeletons have been observed in the vicinity of
Creek.
In 1953,
Fish Commission biologists checked the lower 4 miles of Crooked Crook for spawning salmon, but no flab or redda were soon.
Steelhead: Steolhead have been observed up Crooked Creek as far as Third
Creek and very probably go above this area.
During the survey of July 22, 1958, fingerling rainbow-eteelboad trout were very numerous throughout the surveyed section.
Silver Salmon: Silver salmon are not known to be present in Crooked Creek.
Discussion and Recommendations
Fish Transplants: At the present time, the production of anadromous species in the Wenaha is believed to be almost entirely limited to steelhead and late summer-spawning chinook.
The introduction of fall-spawning chinook and silver salmon could substantially increase this production.
It is believed that fallspawning chinook might be introduced into the main stem below Butte Creek.
This area is not used to any extent by the late summer-spawning chinook and would amount to a new production area of 16 miles.
The introdution of silver salmon into Butto and Crooked Creeks could make over 20 miles of stream available for producing this species.
Although success cannot be predicted, it is recommended that the Introduction of fall-spawning chinook into the lower Wenaha River be attempted for the following reasons:
The area Is not now in production.
Gravel Is available in sufficient quantity to warrant the attempt.
Water temperature at spawning time is more favorable to fall-spawners than to late aumnier-spawners.
Initial steps in a transplantation program should involve an assessment of the lower Wenaha as an incubation area.
A suggested procedure would be to plant eyed eggs, as outlined by Gangmark and Broad (1955, 1956) and Ganginark and Bakkala
(1958), from a few selected fall-sps.wning chinook in riffle areas above Troy.
Temperatures, flows, and observations on silting should be taken during the course of development.
A comparison with a similar program on the main Grande Ronde wil) be possible.
Water tomperatures during the fall months indicate that a late
September or early October-spawner would be best suited as a donor stock.
Fish which spawn in the Wenatchee River above Tumwater Dam (French and Wahle, bc.
cit.) appear to be suited as a transplant group, both from the standpoint of temperature and migration distance.
A drip-incubator station should be established In the vicinity of Troy to determine the value of this technique as a means of increasing initial plants of fall-spawning chinook.
the bottom composition in the 16-mile area from
Butte Creek to Tray suited for spawning,
20 per cent gravel.
If one-half of this is assumed to be
miles of spawning area
the
-85-

umin
Following the recommendations of Burner (1951) and
the size of
is indicated for the section.
Although this estimate is extremely crude, it is
to illustrate that a potential of considerable importance is indicated.
An attempt to establish silver salmon runs into Butto and Crooked Creeks is also recommended.
These tributaries are not
extensIvely utilized
late surmer low flows and high water temperatures.
It
that the Introduction ot silver salmon would overcome these disadvantages.
are more adapted to smaller flows, both by size and by nature, and their later time of spawning would remove
temperatures on the adults.
Stream temperatures, as they affect rearing conditions, are believed to be satisfactory.
1
As in the case of the fall chinook, it is recommended that test plants of eyed eggs be made at the mouths of those tributaries to determine survival to the emergent fry stage.
Since these areas are remote, observation at frequent intervals would be difficult or impossible and the most practical objective would be to attempt to determine the proportion of fry reaching the emergent stage without determining progressive development and mortality during the intermediate period.
Approximately 21 miles of stream is Involved in the surveyed sections of
Butte and Crooked Creeks.
The gravel component of the bottom composition has been assessed at 20 per cent of the total stream area.
If one-half of this amount is assumed to be suited for spawning, approximately 2.1 miles of spawning area exists in the surveyed sections of these tributary streams.
When an estimated average usable streambed width of 10 foot is applied to this distance, an estimate of slightly over 110,000 square foot of spawning area is obtained.
Allowing 125 square feet of dofended territory for each redd (Burner, Ibid.), the total maximum combined gravel area in Butte and Crooked Creeks is estimated to aocommodate approximately 900 redde.
This would average about 43 redde per mile.
Obstructions and Diversions: Recommendations for removal of obstructions in the Wenaha system are limited to one beaver dam (LGR-WNf-l) located 5.5 miles up the North Fork and one small debris jam (LGR-wM-1) located on Milk Creek onehalf mile above the mouth.
These obstructions may block chinook salmon from some usable spawning and rearing areas on the two streams.
Other small log and debris barriers In the upper portions of the hoadwator areas may require removal If silver salmon become
the drainage.
At. present, however, these are believed to be of no importance since they are barriers only during low flow stages.
The removal of major barriers, such as the
upper Butte Creek
(LGR-wB-l) and on the North Fork (LGR-Wrf-2) is not recommended.
These falls are high on the headwaters and obstruct very little aros.
No diversions are present on the Wenaha system.
Impoundments and Hatchery Sites:
Wenaha.
Impoundment areas are
From the standpoint of economy the best
the
to be on the main stem below Crooked Creek.
Impoundin3nt sites exist on the main stem above Crooked
Duo to the remoteness of the mouth of Butte Crook and Its position on the drainage, It may develop that the additional difficulties associated with testing og survival would warrant limiting tests to Crooked Creek.
Butte
Creek is 16 milo above Troy and approximately 2,700 feet above sea level.
Crooked Creek is 6 miles above Troy and 1,900 feet above sea level.
-86-

Crook and on the tributaries, but accessibility is progressively more difficult farther up5tream.
No road is present above Troy and heavy equipment would have to cross tho river one or more times to reach the various 81t08.
In the event that impoundments are used on the Wonaha, the cost of reaching any given site will undoubtedly influence its selection.
No recommendations for hatchery construction on the Wenaha River are made.
Stream Improvements
2
During inventory surveys of the Wenaha drainage, it was noted that sill logs and defleotors might improve the environment.. However, the benefits of such devices have not, to the knowledge of the authors, been fully demonstrated, especially in areas where the environment is termed 1nferior but is not lacking in suitable spawning and rearing qualities to the extent that "Improvement" devices would definitely function as such.
Therefore, recommendations concerning stream improvement structures are made with caution and only for areas where the need appears very apparent.
In the Wonaha system, it is recommended that deflectors be installed on an experimental basis in the area between Butte Creek and the mouth.
These would have the primary purpose of creating more pools in a section which is generally wide and shallow.
Additional pool areas would be beneficial for holding adult salmon that spawn in the area.
These would be especially beneficial if fall chinook became established in the section.
By narrowing the stream in places, deflectors would also help to decrease the suiimier temperatures and make the area more suitable to late August and early
September apawnors.
JOSEPH CREEK
Intro4ot ion
Joseph Creek is the lowest major tributary of the Grande Rondo system.
It flows in a northerly direction for approximately 60 miles before emptying into the Grando Rondo 4.5 miles above the mouth.
The lower 6.5 miles of the stream are
Washington.
The major tributaries (shown on tho map in Figure 28) are
Swamp Creek, Crow Creek, and Chosnimnus Creek.
Approximately 45 miles above the mouth of Joseph Creek, Crow and heanimnus creeks converge to form Joseph Creek proper.
Swamp Creek is located about 15 miles below this point.
The altitude at the confluence of Crow and Chesnimnus Creeks is approximately 3,200 feet, while at the mouth the altitude is 880 feet.
The average gradient of the first
45 miles of the stream is just under 52 feet per mile (1 per cent grade).
The Joseph Creek drainage area above the confluence of Crow and Chosnimnnua
Creeks is estimated to be 280 square miles (USGS, 1956).
Canyons on each side of the stream are over 1,000 feet deep in many places in the Joseph Creek watershed.
Logging has been, and continues to be, carried out on the tributaries of
Joseph Creek.
Stout (1957) reports that many miles of spawning tributaries in the Joseph Creek drainage are being temporarily or permanently damaged by logging practices.
The schedule of timber sales by the USFS extending from 1958 through
1964 indicates that approximately 40 square miles in the Joseph Creek drainage will be logged during this period.
Most of this area is on upper Chesnimnnus,
Cougar and Elk Creeks.
Outside the national forest boundary, at least one other logging operation below the mouth of Swamp Creek Is being carried on in the
Joseph Creek drainage.

-
WASHINGTON
OREGON
/
Chico
G.S.
I
'a
'a
I
---.
LEGEND
- Surveyed Stream Section
Partially Surveyed Section
Unsurveyed Stream Section
Grovel Area (each dot equals approximately 10% per mile)
-'E- Falls
-- Log Jam
-I-- Beaver Dam
= Rood
Bridge
Potential Rearing Site
,I.
'a..
*
,1
/
Starvation
Springs Road
0
C.)
FIGURE 28. JOSEPH CREEK
-88-
A
SCALE OF MILES

Irrigation use on Joseph Creek is slight at present.
Some water is taken for irrigation in the lower 3 or 4 miles, but little diversion is belieed o exist above this area.
The lower 3 or 4 and uppermost 10 miles of Joseph Creek proper are accessible by road.
The 30-mile section between these areas is accessible only by trail.
Roads are present along the major tributaries except for the lower miles of Swamp Greek.
7.5
Spring and fall chinook salmon were reported to have been present in
Joseph Creek years ago.
None have been located in recent surveys, however.
Silver salmon are not known to be present.
Joseph Creek is reported to have a good runof steelhead,
Inventory Surveys - Dates and Areas
Surveys to catalogue the main stem of the Joseph Creek system from the confluence of Crow and Chesnin-inus Creeks to the mouth were made on September 19,
1957, and June 19 and 20 and September 4 and
5, l95, and August
All observations were by means of foot surveys except those made on June 19 and 20,
195g.
This survey was made by boat from the mouth of Swamp Creek to the mouth of Cottonwood Creek during the recession of the high spring flows.
Poor observation conditions at this time necessitated resurveying this area on foot.
Survey Data - Main Stem
Terrain and Gradient: The stream canyon is generally narrow from 10 miles below the confluence of Crow and Chesnirnnus Creeks to 5 miles above the mouth.
The canyon walls are quite steep and rise to over 1,000 feet above the stream in many places.
In the upper 10 miles of the survey area, the stream is in a somewhat wider canyon.
The gradient of the stream is moderate above Swamp Creek and primarily moderate to steep below this tributary.
Slope and Bank Cover: croppings (Figure 29)
The slope cover is primarily grass with rock out-
Some timber is present in the draws and on the north and east-facing slopes, especially in the upper part of the survey area.
The bank cover is a mixture of brush, deciduous and coniferous trees, and grass.
A wide highwater streambed caused much of the stream to be lined with rubble rock and gravel at lower water stages.
Shade: Stream shading generally varied between partly shaded and open.
The upper 10 miles of the stream were considered open and the remaining 35 miles was mostly partly shaded, but with considerable open to partly shaded areas below Swamp Creek
Stream Cross Section: Joseph Creek is generally shallow to moderate in cross section.
A 17-mile section extending downstream from the Chico Guard
Station to 2 miles below Swamp Creek is given this classification except for
3 miles of shallow stream in the upper one-third of the area.
Below here, alternate areas of moderate and moderate to shallow cross sections exist
Bottom Materials In the lower 45 miles of Joseph Creek, the general assessment of the streambed materials is 10 per cent silt, 20 per cent gravel, 40 per cent rubble and 30 per cent boulders The best spawning areas are found above
Swamp Creek with approximately L0 per cent of the area containing gravel (Figure 30)

S
Joseph Creek
Canyon Below Swsmp Creek.
Figure 30.
Suitable Spawning Grave], on Joseph
Creek above Swamp Creek (September 1958).
Typical Streaxibed on
Joseph Creek above Rush Creek (September 1958).
&
Aerial View of Swamp Creek Canyon
Looking Downstream from 15 Miles above the Mouth.

The first 1.5 miles below the confluence of Chesnimnus and Crow Creeks has an estimated 70 per cent of the streambed composed of gravel.
In general, the quality of the streambed for spawning diminishes as progression is made downstream
(Figure 31).
A 10-mile section ending at Cottonwood Creek is estimated to contain only 5 per cent gravel.
Throughout the entire survey, section, most gravel areas contained cone iderabi', amounts of silt.
Obstructions and Diversions: The only obstructions observed on Joseph Creek in the 45-mile distance from the Chico Guard Station to the mouth were in the form of diversion dams in the area near the mouth.
Four such dams, all made of streambed materials were noted In an area from 3 to 4 miles above the mouth.
Three of these dams (LGR4-1) were impassable when observed on August 25, 1959.
During spring high water, however, it is believed that all structures would be passable.
These dams are all located In Washington.
Three diversions (LGR4-2) were withdrawing water from the stream at the time the dams were observed.
Two ditches had estimated flows of 3 o.f.s. and the other was withdrawing 2 c.f.s.
The diversions were not screened.
During the survey of August 25, 1959 in the upper section of Joseph Creek, it was learned that one other diversion and dam were being considered for an area a few miles below the Chico Guard Station.
According to the irrigationist, the dam would be built in the fall of 1959 and would be an obstruction to upstream fish migration from June 1 to late August each year.
Impoundment and Hatchery Sites: Some off-channel impoundment sites exist from the Chico Guard Station downstream 10 miles No large areas are present, but several small Impoundments, up to perhaps 10 acres, could be made.
High summer water temperatures will be a serious consideration associated with impoundments in this area.
An unimproved road which fords the stream several times Is present along this section.
No sites believed suitable for hatcheries were found on Joseph Crook.
Flow and Temperature Data: Flow estimates
observations below
Swamp Creek ranged from 200-300 c.f.s. in late June to 35 c.f.s. in early September
1958.
In 1959, late August flow observations were estimated at 15 c.f.s., 40 miles above the mouth, 25 c.f.s., 20 mIles above the mouth, and 30 e.f.s., 4.5
miles above the mouth.
Earlier records obtained from a gaging station maintained
0.5 mile below the confluence of Chesnimnus and Crow Creeks from show extremes of 1,220 o.f.s. in April
1931 to 1933
1932 and 2.5 c.f.s. during many days in
August and September 1931 (USGS, 1956).
More extensive gaging records for other streams in Eastern Oregon indicate flows were extremely low in the fall of
1931.
Therefore the minimum flow on Joseph Creek for that year is thought to reflect the lower limit of the flow range for a much longer period than the 3 years during which the gage was in operation.
Data from three continuous recording thermometers set up on Joseph Creek in the late suimner of 1958 and in the spring of 1959 give a fairly complete temperature history for the summer season.
The uppermost thermograph was established
10 miles below the Chico Guard Station in August 1958.
This recorder was moved upstream 9 miles for the fall, winter, and spring months in both
1958 and 1959 to allow the services of an operator to be continued.
Two other stations were established in the spring of 1959, one at Ruøh Creek and the other at Cottonwood Creek.
Figures
3, 34, 35, and 36 present the information from these temperature stations and show that summer temperatures are exceedingly high throughout the system.
Also Illustrated are the facts that
water temperature changes are quite rapid, both
the fall and the spring, and that winter temperatures remain quite low.
Other flow and temperature data for Joseph Creek are given in Table 19.
-91-

80
S
65
60
4)
4)
E
55
50
75
70
45
V j
35
32
Ii
III a
%
Ii
It
\, :
,r%
I; La r
,
-
I
I
S
II
10 20
August
I
30 10
I
20
September
I
30
I
10
I
20
October
30 i
%
Il
10 20
November
30 a'
S%I a' I
I
I
A
I
I
A
__j I
' a' I a a?
'V s
V
/
I
I I
10 20 30
December
Daily Maxixium and M1niium Water Temperatures for Joseph 'reek below the
t ist - December, 1958.

70
65 -
I
I, ft'
I
't
, it
I
I
40
35 LVi'\
1!
1
I 32
10 20
January
'
Itg
I
.
/ 'It
'
4
I
I It g;.
30
I'
I I
I
I
I
10 20
Febrtiary a''
I.' v'J \
10
March
20
:
, i'J"!
S
30
Ii a' r.
1-
A v\
/
10
4
20
:30
\
:
0
Daily Maxixt.um arid Minimum Water Temperatures for Josetth Creek Below
20
May
30

tI c' 9 C
80
4.)
65
60
75
70
'4;,
Maxiniui t
I' t
I
I
"-.
A h fl,\i' rI,
VPN%%...s.% j1fl'iflUj
I
III
''I
1 I'
I I" j
;:
I
';
' ti
I
I
'ti
-I
F
I
'
F'
I' isi tI
!'t
I'
* t
,\,
J
I
'I t t t t
35
32
10 20
June
10 20
Daily Water Te
20 kugust
20
Septexnte'
30
I
10
I
20
October
30

85
80
* Maximum
75
70
65
69 i55
Es
50
45
..
_I
1
?\
!\
SI
A
40
35
30
'I
5l
V
--
,l
5-
I I
I
5
Li
/
\_/
:
V
10
May
I
20
I I
30
I t I
10
June
20 30 10
July
20 10
Augut
20 30
October
I
I
20
I I
30
I
November
Figure 35.
Daily Maxiniuii and Minimum Water Teperatur s fc.r Joseph Creek at Rush Creek, May December, 1959.

90
85
80
65
60
75
70 J.1
::
V
/ i\
' "
L/
I
It
I.
I,
;
I
'
/
50
45
40
'
1 U p
V.I.
I
V
_,t I
:
I; p
I S
'.4' a' -
I
S
V
I-, as
I
I
I
1
I,
III S
S
51*1,
Ia
I
,
1,
I t a
I tI
II
I
II t
I
I
I
It
I
S
32
June
August
Figure
36.
Daily Maximum an I
October November
Novebr 1959

Spot-Temperature and Flow
Observations on Joseph Creek Drainage, 1957-59.
Ierature(°F.) st.1ow
Location
JOSEPH CREEK
9-10-57 ft
7 ml. below Chico R.. S.
ft
below Chico R. 8.
9-17-57 ft ft
Swamp Cre at mouth.
Just above Swamp Cr.
0.5 ml. above Swamp Cr.
ft 2.5 ml. above Swamp Cr.
ft
3 ml. above Swamp
8-28-58 At Swamp
Cr.
Cr.
9-4-58 4 ni. below Swamp Cr.
ft
I,
2 ml. below Swamp Cr.
At Swamp Cr.
8-25-59 ft
ml. below Chico R. S.
ft ft
2.5 ml, below Chico R. S.
ft
At Rush Cr.
ft
2 ml. below Rush Cr.
ft
1 ml. below Tamarack Cr.
ml be ow
C
1:30 p.m.
2:05 p.m.
2:35 p.m.
11:20 a.m.
11:25 a.m.
12:25 p.m.
1:25 p.m.
2:10 p.m.
9:30 a.m.
70
12:30 p.m.
71
2:10 p.m.
76
72
66
10:30 a.m.
12:15 p.m.
76
83
1:00 p.m.
83
50
64
10:45 a.ni.
76
1:
64
65
63
48
52
53
56
57
63
60
63
63
54
59
68
70
57
59
64
69
10
30
12
8
12
12
15
15
40
40
35
17
15
15
15
25
SWAHP CREEK
8-28-58 18 ml. above mouth.
14 ml. above mouth.
12 ml. above mouth.
8 ml above mouth.
At mouth,
3. ml. above mouth,
2 ml. above mouth.
4 ml. above mouth,
6 ml. above mouth.
958 Ath,
CHFSNINNUS CREEK
67
70
1:35 p.m.
74
3:10 p .m.
72
70
10:45 a.m.
11:45 a.m.
12:45 p.m.
1:45 p.m.
72
75
76
7?
3:55
,m.
59
63
68
68
60
63
65
-
67
68
60 10
7
8
8
7
7
5
5
5
6
8-29-58 At mouth.
6 ml, above mouth.
34 ml, above mouth.
8-25-59
At mouth.
CROW CREEK
9-10-f ;7
8-29-i 8 ft
8-25-i 9
above mouth.
5 ml, above mouth.
1 ml. above mouth.
At moith.
10:00 a.m.
58
12:45 p.m.
62
3:30 p.m.
56
8:25 a.m.
60
1:00 p.m.
9:45 a.m.
4:00 p.m.
8:21a 60
66
58
-
66
59
66
51
63
64
59
5/.
8
3
3
9

Tributaries: Swamp, Chesninmus, and Crow Crooks are the major tributaries of Joseph Creek.
Other smaller tributaries of Joseph Creek proper are: Cougar
Creek, 5 miles above Swamp Creek; West Peavino Crook, 6 miles below Swamp Creek;
Rush Creek; Tamarack Crook; and Cottonwood Creek, which is 4 miles above the mouth of Joseph Creek.
In late June 1958, flow estimates were made on all of these smaller tributaries except Cottonwood Creek.
Flows at that time were estimated to be between 6 and 10 c.f,s. in each one.
September observations in 1958 and late August observations in 1959 indicate that late summer flows are reduced to lees than 1 of.s. in these streams.
Cottonwood Crook was flowing an estimated
3-4 o.f.s. in late August 1959.
One small unnamed tributary, believed to originate from a spring, was observed on September 4, 1958, approximately 2 miles below
Swamp Creek.
This stream had a relatively large estimated discharge of 5 c.f.s.
and had a temperature of 560?. which was 7 degrees cooler than Joseph Creek at that time
Because Swamp, Chesniinns, and Crow Creeks are the largest tributaries of
Joseph Creek, they will be treated in more detail in this section.
1.
Swamp Creek: Swamp Creek was surveyed over its lower 18 miles on August
This tributary flows almost due north from its source to the mouth, a distance of 25 miles.
It enters Joseph Creek approximately 30 miles above the mouth.
Terrain and Gradient: At the Starvation Springs road, 18 miles above the mouth, Swamp Creek is in a rather wide, shallow canyon.
Although the sides of the canyon remain rather constant with regard to slope, the canyon flow becomes gradually narrower toward the mouth.
The first 5 miles of terrain below the road is classified as a wide and shallow canyon, the next 10 miles are termed intermediate between wide and narrow, and the last 3 miles of the stream are in a relatively narrow canyon.
The gradient is sluggish to moderate in the upper 7 miles, then moderate f or several miles, and finally moderate to steep in the lower mile or two.
Slope and Bank Cover: The major cover type on the slopes is grass, although conifers are dominant on the lover slopes with an eastern exposure.
Rock out.croppings are also present in the lower half of the canyon.
The stream in the upper 7.5 miles of the section is in a meadow area
(Figure 32) and the bank cover is mostly grass with some alder stands.
Below this area the bank cover is dominated by conifers and brush.
Shade: The stream is considered to be partly shaded along the lower 3 miles and also on an upper intermediate 3 mile section.
The upper 7 miles and a 5-mile lover intermediate area are classified as open to partly shaded.
Stream Cross Section: The stream cross section is shallow to moderate in the lower 8 milos and moderate in the upper 10 miles.
Bottom Materials: The streanibed composition, averaged for the entire area, is estimated at approximately 40 per cent silt, 25-30 per cent gravel, 25-30 per cent rubble, and 5 per cent boulders.
The upper meadow area is silt except for an estimated 20 per cent gravel.
The middle and lower sections contained more gravel and rubble, but much of this appeared compacted with silt deposits.
Obstructions and Diversions: Many small brush and debris jams and beaver dams block the stream at the time of low water.
Steolhead have been observed above the obstructed areas in past years and, therefore no complete blocks exist unless they were formed subsequent to the observation of steelhead in the upper
-98-

areas.
However, oven though the stream may not be completely bloekod, a total of
12 obstructions (LGR_Js-1), all in the form of brush and debris jams and beaver dams, is considered sufficiently serious to warrant removal.
These are located
the 12-mile area from 2 to 34 miles above tie mouth.
The six uppermost obstructiona are accessible by road and the lower six only by trail.
Impoundment and Hatchery Sites: Several hundred acres of impoundment area exists in the upper 7 miles of the survey section.
The stream is in a meadow
(Figure 28) in this area and is available by road.
It is believed that Swamp
Creek has a perennial flow in this region, although the flow might be quite small.
No hatchery sites were observed
the survey area.
Flow and Temperature Data: Flow and temperature data are scarce for Swamp
Creek.
One flow estimate was made and a temperature taken at the mouth in September
1957, and several recordings were inado in late August and in September
1958.
On August 28, 1958, a series of flow estimates and temperature recordings were made over the lower 18 miles of Swamp Creek.
At the mouth, at
the flow estimate was 8 c.f.s. and the temperature was 60°F.
At the same time,
18 miles above the mouth, the flow estimate was
the water temperature was 59°F.
The highest water temperature during that day was 68°F. recorded at several places in the mid-section of the survey area between 1:30 and 3:10 p.m.
Complete flow and temperature data are presented in Table
19.
Davis Creek is the only sizeable tributary of Swamp Creek.
This stream flows into Swamp Creek about 3 miles above its confluence with Joseph Creek and was discharging an estimated 3 c.f.s. at the time of observation.
No observations of this tributary other than those at the mouth were made.
Cbesniinnus
Creek: Chesniinnus Creek was observed on August
29, 1958, over a distance
miles from its mouth to Devils Run Creek.
Above this point the stream flow was reduced to approximately 1 o.f.s.
Observations on this survey were mostly made while driving on a road paralleling the stream.
Frequent stops were made, however, to ascertain the stresinbed characteristics.
On June 1,
1959, an aerial flight was made from the hoadwaters in Thomason Meadows down to the mouth of Devils Run Creek.
Terrain and Gradient: The stream is In a wide canyon for the first 7.5
miles above Its mouth.
Shortly above Pine Creek, the canyon narrows appreciably and is termed medium to narrow.
Above Devils Run Creek, the canyon becomes progressively wider and finally forms a plateau in the headwaters.
The gradient is generally slight to moderate from the mouth to shortly below Devils Run Creek.
From this point upstream for several miles it is moderate and then changes once again near the headwators to a moderate to slight gradient.
Slope and Bank Cover: The slopes are mostly covered with grass and conifers with conifers becoming dominant in the narrower canyon area.
Numerous rock outcroppings are also present on the slopes above Butte Creek.
Bank cover is brush and grass from the mouth to 0.25 mile above Pine Creek.
A wide high water channel has reduced the effect of bank cover in this section.
Beyond this point and up to a few miles above Devils Run Creek, conifers comprise the dominant cover type.
Above this point, grass and brush again are prevalant.
Shade:
Stream shade is classified as open In the lower 2.5 miles of the stream.
Upstream from this area to shortly above Pine Creek, the stream has shaded and open areas and Is considered as open to partly shaded.
Above Pine both
Creek the stream Is partly shaded to shortly above Devils Run Creek where it becomes partly shaded to open.
-99-

Stream Cross Soction: The stream is hal1ow up to Devils Run Crook.
cross seotion was not evaluated above this point.
Stream
Bottom Materials: The boat gravel concentrations appear to be in the lower
2.5 miles where an estimated 50 per cent of the bottom is classified as gravel.
For the survey area up to Devils Rim Creek, the general appraisal of the bottom composition is as follows: 15-20 per cent silt, 25-30 per cent gravel, 40 per cent rubble, and 15-20 per cent boulders.
No assessment of the streambed was made above Devils Run Creek.
Obstructions and Diversions: One obstruction in the form of a debris jam
(LGR-Jc-].) was observed 1.2 road milea above Pine Creek.
passable at the time of observation but
This was believed Im-
the timo of intermediate or high spring flows.
Although the area below Pine Crook is used for agricultural.
purposes, no diversions were observed during the survey of this section.
Impoundments and Hatchery Sites: Numerous flat areas below Pine Creek would make suitable sites for off-channel impoundments.
At present, most of those areas are in agricultural production.
The plateau area in the headwaters at Thomason
Meadows may be suitable for making an in-channel impoundment. AU impoundment sites are accessible by road.
No suitable hatchery sites were observed on
Chosnimnus Creek.
Flow and Temperature Data: Stream flow near the mouth of Chesnimnus Creek was estimated at 8 c.f.s. on August 29, 1958.
Above Pine Creek, the flow had been reduced to an estimated 3 c.f.a.
The day of the survey was cool with some rain, a condition which was reflected in water temperatures being lower than would normally be expected.
At 10:00 a.m., near the mouth, the water temperature was 63°F.
At 3:30 p.m., 14 miles upstream at the upper limit of the survey, the air temperature was recorded as 56°F. and the water temperature 59°F.
All available flow and temperature data for Chesnimnus Creek is given in Table 19.
The main tributaries of Chesnimnus Crook are Butte, Peavino, Pine, and Devils
Run creeks.
These are located 2.5, 4.5, 6 and 14 miles above the mouth in the order named.
These streams were all very small at the time of observation, flowing an estimated 2 c.f.s. or less.
3.
Crow Creek: Crow Creek converges with Chesnimnus Creek approximately
45 miles above the mouth of Joseph Creek to form the main stream.
Crow Creek was observed on August 29, 1958 from one-eighth mile above its mouth tq the area of uppermost flow 12 miles upstream.
Observations of Crow Creek were made from a vehicle while driving a road which parallels the stream for almost its entire distance.
For purposes of describing this tributary, the 12-mile section was divided into a lower 5-mile area extending betweon the mouth and the road bridge to
Highway 3, and an upper 7-mile section ending at the upper limit of the existing flow.
In the lower section, the stream is in covered with a medium wide canyon which has slopes
The bank cover is a mixture of grass, brush, and conifers.
The gradient is generally moderate as is the cross section of the
and is estimated to be 20 per cent silt, 20 per cent gravel, 50 per cent rubble, and 10 per cent boulders.
Stream shade is classified as open to partly was estimated at from 5 shaded.
The stream flow to 7 o.f.s.
temperature observations on
August 29, 1958 ware as follows: 5 miles above the mouth at 9:45 a.m., air 58°F.,
-100-

water 59°F.; 1 mile above the mouth at 4:00 p.m., air 66°F., water 66°F.
On
September 10, 1957, a flow estimate and a temperature wore taken 4 miles above the mouth at 1:00 p.m.
At that time, the flow was estimated at 5-6 o.f.a. and the water temperature was 66°F.
Elk Creek, a known stee].hoad spawning stream, flows into Crow Creek 1 mile above its confluence with Chesnimnus Creek.
No other perennial tributaries exist.
In the upper section of Crow Creek, tram 5 to 12 miles above the mouth, the stream canyon widens markedly 2 miles above the lower end of the area.
The slope cover is mostly grass and the bank growth consists of brush and grass.
Few conifers are in this section, either on the slopes or along the stream.
The gradient and stream cross section are moderate.
Shade is completely lacking in some places, but in other sections good stands of brush afford protection from the awi, This section is classified as being partly shaded with both considerable open and sheltered areas present.
No appraisal of the bottom type was made.
area.
No obstructions, diversions, or hatchery sites wore noted in the survey
Some impoundment sites are present near the uth and from 7 miles above the mouth to the upper limit of the survey area.
Ajdromous Fish Popuipt ton
Chinook Salmon: Stout (1957) reports that interviews with individuals
on Joseph Creek indicate that good populations of both spring and fall runs were once present.
Limited surveys by Fish Commission personnel in recent years have given no indication of the continued existence of this species in
Joseph Creek.
Steelhead: Joseph Creek is reported to have a good run of steelhead.
This species has been observed in Joseph Creek proper and also in many of the tributary streams.
Cheeniinnua Creek and some of its tributaries, especially Peavine and Devils Run Creeks are reported to support good runs of steelhead.
Steelhead are also known to utilize Swamp Creek.
Reliable observations in the past hav placed ateelhead above the 18-mile survey section during the spring high-water period.
It appears probable that they spawn throughout most of the Swamp Creek drainage.
In the Crow Creek drainage, steelhead utilize Elk Creek and are believed to be in Crow Creek also.
Silver Salmon: Silver salmon are not known to inhabit the Joseph Creek drainage.
However, because of a lack of observation during the season when the fish would be spawning, it is possible that an undetected run of limited numbers might exist.
D soussion and Recommendations
Fish Transplants: It is recommended that attempts be made to establish runs of chinook and silver salmon in Joseph Creek and its main tributaries.
The fact that a rather large unproductive area with a potential for producing salmon now exists, seems to justify the serious consideration of such a program.
With regard to flow and streambed composition, it is believed that over 50 miles of the Joseph Creek drainage could be used for producing salmon.
As mentioned before, residents on Joseph Creek report that both spring and fall chinook salmon were once present in the drainage.
When and why these fish
-101-

disappeared is not known.
Whatever the cause, stream observations' made during this study indicate that Joseph Creek is not presently suitable for supporting a run of late sumner-spawning salmon.
Water temperatures which are high during the summer months appear to be the principal detrimental factor, flows, while small, appear to be sufficient and a considerable area containing gravel suitable for spawning is present (Figure 30).
To effect a temperature reduction during the summer months, many miles of low flow channel would need to be narrowed on Chosnimnus Creek and on Joseph Creek proper.
Also, streambank shading would need to be increased throughout most of the upper drainage area.
It is also possible that a headwater reservoir of a capacity which would produce 2,000-3,000 acre-feet of cool water for release from
June into September would be needed.
An alternative to attempting to change the temperature pattern of Joseph Creek would be to select a transplant stock which would be more likely to survive in the present environment, The use of fall-spawning chinook and silver salmon would circumvent the problem of high temperatures during the holding and spawning periods which would be encountered by earlier spawning chinook.
Figures
and
36 show the difference between the October and August temperatures.
Conditions associated with rearing also seem to favor the fall spawners.
Fall chinook, with
characteristic short fresh-water-rearing period will not be subjected to prolonged competition with, and predation from, a warm-water fish population which is well established in Joseph Creek.
Forage fishes and squaw fish have been observed as far up the drainage as Doe Creek and young small-mouth bass have been collected in lower Joseph Creek, With regard to temperature, young silver salmon would be subjected to the hot summer conditions, but this species is reported to be the most resistant to high temperatures of any of the Pacific salmons (Brett, 1952).
summer in Joseph Creek.
Also, it is known that rainbow trout survive through the
Other serious considerations associated with the establishment of salmon in
Joseph Creek include a measure of the influence of the spring run-off on survival through the incubation period.
Low winter water temperatures suggest a long incubation period which would subject eggs and alevins to the conditions of high spring flows Since Joseph Creek does not drain a mountainous area, the high flow period can be expected to occur relatively early in the season.
In this regard, late-summer spawners have an advantage over fall apawners, since they would emerge from the etreambed earlier in the spring.
An assessment of the influence of spring high flows on egg-to-fry survival could be made with test plants of eyed eggs in selected gravel areas of the
Joseph Creek drainage.
Obstructions and Diversions:
The surveyed portions of the upper Joseph Creek system were generally free of obstructions except for Swamp Creek,
Twelve small debris jams and beaver dams (LGR-JS-l) in the lower and central portions of Swamp
Creek are believed to be limiting access to the stream to steelbead.
These obstructions are recommended for removal.
On lower Joseph Creek, 3 diversion dams observed in late August
1959, were considered to be impassable to upstream migration at that time,
These would not be obstructions at the time of high water.

Threo diversions, al]. unscreened, wore noted on lower Joseph Creek in the same area as the dams, In late August 1959, these were withdrawing volumes of
2 to 3 o.f.s, each.
These ditches and dams are in Washington.
No other diversions were found on Joseph Crook, although 1 diversion and dam a few miles below the Chico Guard Station is scheduled for
in the
It is recommended that the ditches be investigated for screening arid that passage facilities at the diversion dams be provided if salmon are introduced into Joseph Creek.
Impoundment and Hatchery Sites: The best Impoundment areas on the Joseph
Creek drainage appear to exist on Swamp Creek in a meadow area beginning 11 miles above the mouth and extending several miles upstream.
Some good areas are also located on Chesnimnus Creek, from the mouth up to Pine Creek; on the upper 10 miles of Joseph Creek proper; and to a lesser extent on Crow Creek.
No individual site locations need to be mentioned since there are numerous areas to choose from.
It is sufficient to say that, from the standpoint of topography, the upper Joseph
Creek drainage is abundantly supplied with sites for off-channel impoundments.
These areas are accessible by road during most, if not all of the year, and are located where the stream flow is perennial.
One serious disadvantage, however, is the high stream temperature in the summer.
No hatchery sites were found on Joseph Creek.
One tributary flowing an estimated 5 c.f.a. of 56° water, and believed to be a spring, was observed 2-3 miles below the mouth of Swamp Creek in September 1958.
This water source might have some value as an egg Incubation station, but because of the small flow and the remote location, it was not considered suitable for hatchery use.

WALLOWA RIVER SYSTEM
.
a .
a a a a a a a a a a a a
Page
108
110
INTRODUCTION 113
WALLOWA RIITER MAIN STEM.
a a a .
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
113
Inventory Survey
Survey Data.
113
115
115
Slope and Bank Cover
a,
.......
a a a a S.
a a a a a . a a a a a e a a a a a. a a a a a a.
a a a a e a
116
Bottom Materials,.,...a,..aaa,.....a,aaaaa.a..a.,,
a......
115
115
118
118
Impoundment and Hatchery Sites
Flow and Temperature Data, a a a a a a. a a a a a a a a a a a . a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
120
120
122
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
131
Big Canyon Creek 133
135
West Fork WaUowa River..,.
a
136
136
137
137
139
140
a
141
HURRICANE CREEK a a a . a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a 142
a a a a a a a.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a. a a a a a a a 'a a a a a
Inventory Survey Dates and Areas,...............
142
142

Table of Contents (continued)
Terrain and Gradient......
Slope and Bank Cover
10.. .
O
Ill
S....
Shade
Stream Cros3 Section.
. .
.. . . . . . . , . . . . . .
Bottornl4aterialg,.......,
Obstructions and Diversions .......
. , . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Impoundment and Hatchery Sites...
glow and Temperature Data.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tributaries
.
a....
. a . a . . .
I.. 143
143
.
.
143
.4.. 143
.
. . 142
143
145
145
146
Anadromous Fish Populations ........,.......
146
Spring Chinook Salmon
Steelhead Trout
....
....a
148
149
BEAR CREEK
149
Introduction
14.9
Inventory Survey
Survey Data
Dates and Areas
149
Terrain and Gradient
Slope and Bank Cover...................................,
Shade
. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . a .
. . . . . a . . .
Stream Cross Section
Bottom Materials
Obstructions and Diversions
Impoundment and Hatchery Sites
Flow and Temperature Data
Tributaries
149
149
. . 149
149
149
150
15].
151
........,., 151
Anadromous Fish Populations 155
DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS-(Waflowa River Main Stem and Hurricane and
Bear Creeks.....
157
Fish Transplants
157
Fall-Spawning Chinook
Silver Salmon
Steelhead Trout
Salmon
.
157
158
,
160
Diverp ions 160
Wallowa River Main Stem
Prairie Creek
Hurricane Creek
Bear Creek
Big Canyon Creek
160
160
160
162
162

Table of Contents (continued)
Impoundments and Uatcherjei,,,.,.,....
Page a ..ø.
162
Stream Imrovemente...
LOSTINE RIVERS
3ntroductior.........
1 3
.è......,......I...eoeèó.Iê..
163 a. .a ..oa...ee...
163
163
Survey t)ata.......................,....,..,......,..,.e.......,..e.,, 165
Terrain and elope and Bank
165
Cover.....e.,..,......s,.......aa........a,......
165
Stream Cross Section
165
..a.o...a...Ia.ea.aaa*.aaasè,êssIöI
165
Bottom Materials.
.
. ..
a
Obstrtictions and Diversions...,,.1
Impoundment and Hatchery
. . . a a. a . . .ie a. a . a a . a a a a a a sa 165
,,...,.....e.,,e..............
165
Sites........o..a..aa...o..oe......a...
168
!10
and Temperature Data...,....,.....,..........,............. 168
Tributaries .. .. ...
. .. .... a.
173
Anadromous Fish Popiilations,.,...,,,,,........,,.,,.,,,,,..,.,...., 173
Chinook Salmon
.
.....,......,.....,........ 173
Silver Sa].mon..,......,...,..,.,.,........,,,,....,..........,.. 173
Steelhead Trout,,,...,..............,...,..,..,..,,..a,.....,... 175
DISCUSSION AND RECO)4}1ENDATIONS
.
a a a
. . a a . , a . . a a a. a . . . a
176
Fish Transplants ......... 176
Obstructions and Diversions...
Impoundments and Hatcheries
Stream Improvements.,
.........
. ., .
a. a
a , s
a. , a. . a .
.
a a... 177
177
MINAM RIVEa.
. . .. . . a a i . a . a .
a
.
a . .
a è a .. . .. a a. a a . a.. a .ö . a. a a., . a.. a a. 177
Introduction .... .................................. 17?
I aSS aa 179

Survey Data.,......,......,..e.................,.,...,
Slope and Bank Cover
Shade,
.0 III
180
Stream Gross Section,.........,....,.,..,.......................180
Boo Material.,.....,..,..,,,...111101,,,,.,.,..,...,...,.,... 180
Obstructions and Diversions,11....0.
....
cc. ..e..e...s..c..
180
Impoundment and Hatchery Sites o..............e..........o..
184
184
Tributaries,
.
..
. 185
Anadromous Fish 188
Chinook Salmon..
..... . ...
Steelhead Trout
Silver Salmon
4.....il......o.. eel....'. 001.1 II C*
188
190 el
C e . .. o e 0.
190
LITTLE MINAM RIVER
Introduction
. . . . . . . . . .
..............
.
. . . . .
190
..
e .. .
.
. . e
.,
190
Si.rvey Data 190
Terrain and Gradient
Slope and Bank Cover
Shade
Stream Gross Section l3ottomMaterials
Obstructions and Diversions
Impoundment and
Hatchery Sites
Flow and Temperature Data...
Tributaries
Chinook
Salmon
Steelhead Trout
Silver Salmon
DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
....
190
'... 190
...........
190
190
191
19].
191
191
............,.........,19].
191
.. 191
191
191
Fish Transplants
Obstructions and Diversions
Supplemental Rear in
Stream Improvements.
I
0. II
0 0
...........
lI , .
191
193
194
195

List of F'igurea
Wallowa River System,...e,..,.........,..,...
lee.... I
Slope Cover of Wallowa River Near the Motith..,,..,...,............ 117
401
Bank Cover Along the Wallowa River
Just Above Lostinee,...........,....................., .oeullIlSiI
Wal].owa Lake Dam...............,.....,.,.................o,..,.... 117
Irrigation Dam on Wallowa River,
2.5 Miles Below Joseph...,...........
Daily Maxlrum and Minimum Temperatures of the
Wallowa River, 2 Miles Above Enterprise, Oregon, 1958.,........... 125
Daily Maximum and Minimum Temperatures of the
Wallowa River, 2 Miles Above Enterprise, Oregon, 1959............. 127
Daily Maximum and Minimum Temperatures of the
Wallowa River, 3 Miles Above Minam, Oregon, 1959... .. . . .. . e ci. ..'i. 129
Daily Maximum and Minimum Temperatures of the
Wa].lowa River, 1 Mile Below Wa].lowa, Oregon, 1957..
.............. 130
Prairie Creek 11 Miles Above the Mouth.......
Bank Cover, Gradient, and Bottom Composition
Typical of Much of Big Canyon Creek............................... 132
Cover of Conifers, Grass, and Rock in Hurricane Canyon.. . . . . .
.se. cc ..s.SsllS .11.aS.iII C SlICIl 144
Slope Cover and Rugged Terrain of
Upper Bear Creek.,,.......................... ...........l...III.s
144
Terrain and Cover of Lower Bear Creek Canyon.................o.... 144 ...........
LostineRiver.........,,.
164
Terrain, Slope Cover, and Gradient of the Lostine
Riverkbout8.5l4ilesAbovetheMouth
166
City of Lostine Water Supply Dam, 7 Miles
Above Mouth of Lostine 166
Sheep Ridge Irrigation Darn, Located 8.5 Miles
Above the Mouth of the Lostine River.............................. 166
Daily Maximum and Minimum Temperatures of the Lostine
River at a Temperature Station 9 Miles Above the Mouth,
Fal). of ]957,.........,..
172

List of Figures (continued
Figur
Min.ain River. .. . . , . , .
.
, , .
.
a a a a e . s a . a. .
. a. is
Page as a 178
Boulder Section of the Minam lUver Just Below the Mouth of he Little
Gravel Deposits on the Minam River a Short Distance
Above the Splash Dam Remnant..,....a,.,e..o.,.,,,e..e..,..........a181
Slope Cover of Conifers, Grass and Rock in the Minam ft.
Basin at Confi. of Minavi and Little Minam Rivers,..... .,...,....... 181
Slope Cover on the Minar River Just Above the Mouth of the North Minam River...........,.................,............. 181
Upper
End of Area of Wide,
Shallow Stream Cross Section
Which is Typical of the Lower I.nlnam ftiver.................ea....,., 1$2
Gravel Deposits in One of
Main Spring Chinook Spawning
Areas of the Minam River, 2 Miles Below the Horse
Ranch........... 182
Gravel Bed on the )4inam River 11 Miles Above Minam
Fails and the Splash Darn......
..ss...a.,.sa...IaoasaaIas5ss 182
Minam Falls, Located 4.5 Miles Above the Horse
Ranch on Minam River
, . ,... .
182
Splash Dam Remnant on the Minam River 300 Yards
Above Minain Falls...............................
A Possible Fish-Cultural Impoundment Site on Minarn
River Just Below the Mouth
Little Minarn
Rjver,............. 183
Lower Falls on
Above the Mouth.,..,.....1,.......000............................,
183

Table
A List of Inventory Surveys Made on the Wal].owaRiver, 1957-59.................
Location and Estimated Abundance of
Gravel on the WallogaRjver.........,..
A List of Obstructions and Unscreeried
Diversion Ditches Noted on the Wallowa
River During Surveys,
a. . . . . .
. ... .o.a a. a
Average Monthly Discharge of the Wallowa
River in Cubic Feet Per Second Below Waliowa
Lake Dam for the Water Years
195l-57................
Average Monthly Discharge of the Wallowa River
Below Miriam, Oregon, 1904-07 and l9O9-l4..o.............a......... 123
26.
Spot Observations of Temperature and Flow in the Wallowa River.........................................
Spot
Temperature and Flow
During the Inventory Survey of Prairie Creek,
1959..
2?.
A List of Obstructions to Fish Migration Noted on Prairie Creek During Surveys in August,
September, and October, 1959..................
28.
Spot Observations of Temperature and Flow
Obtained During the Inventory Survey of Big
.........a...... ...........
134
29 Spot Observations of Discharge at the Mouths of Trout, Whiskey, Dry, and Howard Creeks 135
A Comparison Showing the Contribution of the West and
East Forks Toward the Flow of Wallowa River
Below Wallowa Lake Dam, Water Years 1956-57.......
Annual Spawning Ground Counts of Spring Chinook Salmon
Within an Index Unit on the Wal].owa
Monthly Catch Records of Juvenile Salmon Captured in By-Pass Traps at Irrigation-Ditch Fish-Screen
Installations on the WaJiowa River,
136
138
138
Spawning Ground Counts of Silver Salmon on the Wallowa River, 1957 ....,...., 140
Monthly Catch Records of Juvenile Rainbows Captured in By-Pass Traps at Irrigation-Ditch Fish-Screen
Installations on the Waflowa River................... ............
141

List of Tables (continued)
Page
A List of Inventory Surveys Made on Hurricane Creek, 1957-59
Location and Estimated Abundance of
Gravel Deposits Within the Surveyed
Section of Hurricane Creek
142
145
Average Monthly Flows in Cubic Feet
Per Second on Hurricane Creek at a
Point 8 Miles Above the Mouth
,, 146
Spot Observations of Temperature and Flow in Hurricane Creek
147
39.
Annual Spawning Ground Counts of Spring
Chinook Salmon Within Index Units on
Hurricane Creek, 1948-57..,..........
148
A List of Inventory Surveys Conducted on Bear Creek, 195759.......
Islse
A List of Obstructions to Fish Migration on Bear Creek During Surveys, 1957-59
Average Monthly Discharge in Cubic Feet
Per Second for Bear Creek, 1951-57 e...
Spot Observations of Temperature and Flow in Bear Creek, by Month.,......,.
Monthly Catch Records of Juvenile Salmon Captured in By-Pass Traps at Irrigation-Ditch Fish-Screen
Installations on Bear Creek......
. .. ............,..
s . .
.. . .
150
152
153
154
155
Numbers and Distribution of Spring Chinook
Spawning on Bear Creek, 1957-58.......................,..,.,......, 156
Monthly Catch Records of Juvenile Rainbow-Steelhead
Trout Captured in By-Pass Traps at
Fish-Screen Installations on Bear Creek..,..., ,....0...,...,, l6
47, A List of Recommendations Concerning Obstructions and Diversions Located on the Main Stem of the
Wallowa River,.
. ., .. ... .. .. . ... .. ..,. . .
e ,
. . ...... . . ....
161
48.
Location and Estimated Abundance of Gravel
ConcentratIons on the LostjneRjver,...,,..,,,,,.....,.....,,,.,.. 167
49,
Average Monthly Flows in Cubic Feet Per Second for the Lostine River at a Gaging
Located
9 Miles Above the Mouth, Water Years, 1951a.57.,.s, ,....,...,.,...
169

List of Tables (continued)
Page
Spot Observations of Temperature and Flow for the Lostine River, Arranged by Month.......,,..,o..,o..........e
51.
Spawning Ground Counts of Spring Chinook in
Index Units on the Lostine River, 1948-57
52.
Monthly Catch Records of Juvenile Salmon Captured in By-Pass Traps at Irrigation-Ditch Fish-Screen
Installations on the Lostine River
53.
Monthly Catch Records of Juvenile B.ainbow-Steelhead
Trout Captured in ByPass Traps at Irrigation-Ditch fish-Screen Installations on the Lostine River,
170
1.74
174
... 175
54.
Ground and Aerial Inventory Surveys Conducted on the Miriam River, 1957-59 .........,,....,, 179
55.
Estimated Percentages of Bottom Material Components on the Miriam River from Elk Creek to the Mouth ,..e.......,....o
184
56.
Location and Estimated Acreage of
Potential Fish-Cultural Impoundment
Sites of the 4inamRiver..,......... ..,...,.,,................, 185
57.
Mean Monthly Discharge (Cubic Feet Per Second) of
Minam River Near the Mouth, June l912-Merch 1914
58.
Spot Observations of Temperature and Flow,
Miriam River, 1913, 1940, 1949, 1950, 1952-59
Spot Observations of Temperature and Flow at the
Mouth of Certain Miriam River Tributaries
186
186
188
Annual Spawning Ground Counts of Spring Chinook
Salmon in Index Units on the Miriam ltiver..,...,......,
Spot Observations of Temperature and Flow,
Little Miriam River, 1949-59...............'
Spawning Ground Survey Counts of Spring Chinook
Salmon, Little Miriam River, 1949-59
19
192
192

INTRODUCT ION
The Wallowa River is located in the extreme northeastern corner of Oregon and drains the northern slopes of the Wallowa Mountains and a large block of plateau land which separates the Wallowa and upper Grande Ronde basins.
This stream system forms a sizable and important part of the Grande Ronde system to which it is tributary.
The principal streams of the Wallowa River system areg main Wallowa, Minam, and Lostine Rivers, East and West Forks, and Hurricane,
Bear, Prairie, and Big Canyon Creeks.
The East and West Forks, Prairie Creek, and Hurricane Creek join the Wallowa
River in the upper reaches near Enterprise, Oregon (Figure 37); the Lostine River enters the main stem approximately 27 miles above the mouth near Lostine, Oregon;
Bear Creek enters 5 miles further downstream
Wallowa, Oregon; and the Minam
River and Big Canyon Creek enter the larger stream at points 12 and 14mllas, respectively, above the mouth near Minam, Oregon.
The total drainage area in the Wallowa Basin exceeds 900 square miles.
watershed ranges from 10,000 feet above mean sea level in the Wallowa Mountains to 2,300 feet near the mouth of the Wallows River.
Anadromous salmonids known to utilize the Wallowa drainage are chinook salmon, silver salmon, and steelhead trout.
At one time, blueback salmon were of great importance to the fisheries resource of the basin.
However, the runs of these fish have for some time been extinct.
For the purposes of this report, the East and West Forks, Hurricane Creek,
Bear Creek, Big Canyon Creek, and several minor tributaries
integral part of the presentation for the Wallows River main stem.
Because of their greater individual importance, the Minam and Loetine Rivers are considered separately.
A complete list of obstructions and diversions are listed in APPENDIX,
Table IV.
WALLOWA RIVER MAIN STEM
Introduotioq
The Wallowa River originates on the northern slope of the Wallows Mountains, and enters the Grande Ronde River approximately 81 miles above the mouth at
Rondowa, Oregon (Figure 37).
area and the production of anadromous fishes, it is the most important tributary of the Grande Ronde basin.
The main stem of the Wallowa River is approximately 55 mila in length, and is formed by the juncture of the East and West Forks near their
emergence from the Wallowa Mountains.
In the upper mile, the river flows into
Wallova Lake through a canyon formed by the materials of former glacial morainea.
For the next 3.5 miles, the stream is impounded in the basin of the lake.
From
Wallowa Lake it flows for some 30 miles through predominantly valley Land.
Commencing at Dry Creek, the river enters a 20-mile-long canyon which extends to the mouth.
In general the direction of flow is northwesterly.
The climate of the Wallows River region varies from cool temperatures and more than 50 inches of annual precipitation in the mountains to moderate temperatures and only slight precipitation
the lowlands.
Because of the great variance of elevation within the watershed, two periods of spring freshet ordinarily occur.
These consist of an early period of high water due to run oft in the low lands and hills, and a later freahet of greater volume caused by the melting of snow in the mountains from late May into July.
-113-

Grand Ronde River
RONDOWA
J
.
H a iaa.
Fl.
.0
Elgin
15 miles
MINAM Highway 82
L E GEND
Surveyed Stream Section
Partially Surveyed Section
Unsurveyed Stream Section
Gravel Area (each dot equals approximately 10% per mile)
Falls
Dam (man-made)
Log Jam
Beaver Dam
Diverson, Unscreened
Road
Bridge
Potential Rearing Site r
'5. I
Survey data tor Minom River presented on separate mop
F
3
(Wo8-3
_"4
I .,il i-I
1'e
.
I i#t!
i
Lostine
(We- 6e)
ENTERPRISE a
9.
Fe \c.
7-
(WoW.?)
Wollowo
Lake
-T
Survey data for Lostifle R.
presented on separate map
'
4
Minam
Lake rs
2'. d'
°Mirror
Lake
(WsW
SW
,(4
AneroId
Lake
Q
C
SCALE OF MILES

The economy of the area is based primarily on income received from the live..
stock and lumbering industries and from the tourist trade, Extensive irrigation
Is practiced in conjunction with the production of crops associated with the live..
stock industry.
In 1916, the need for additional
water in the Waflowa
Valley led to the construction of Wa].lowa Lake Darn at the outlet of Wallows Lake.
This dam is a concrete structure, 40 feet in height, and has no provision for the passage of fish.
It is reported to have been an important factor in the depletion of former blueback runs into Wallows Lake.
Additional water for
is brought into the Wallows Valley by an inter-basin canal from Sheep Creek of the Imnaha drainage.
The lumbering industry consists of both the harvesting and processing of timber.
Large sawmills are located at Joseph, Enterprise, and
Wallows,
Tourist attractions include Wallows Lake State Park, the Wallows Moun tam recreational area, and hunting and fishing throughout the entire region.
The Wallows River is accessible by State Highway 82 except in the lower 12 miles, Access to this lower reach of stream can be made either by railway or boat or, in good weather, by way of a logging spur near Howard Creek.
The mouths of the East and Weet Forks are accessible by road at Wallowa Lake and, above there, by trail.
Inventory Survey - Dates ai1d Areas
Surveys were conducted on the main stem of the Wallows River by foot, horse-back, boat, and vehicle.
The entire stream was observed for determination of physical characteristics.
In addition to inventory surveys, several spawning ground surveys, to determine the numbers of silver salmon utilizing the stream, were made in 1957 and 1958.
Other information concerning the Wallowa River has been obtained from previous spawning ground surveys and from the records of an associated study concerning the feasibility of ree8tablish.ng blueback runs in
Wallows Lake (APPENDIX A).
A detailed account of the various inventory surveys i presented in Table 20.
Survey Data
Terrain and Gradient: The terrain bordering the Wallows River is about equally divided between valley and canyon.
The upper Wallows Valley commences near the outlet of Wallows Lake and extends to the lower perimeter of Enterprise.
At this point the stream enters a medium to wide canyon which continues to Lostine.
Prom Lostine to Dry Creek, the stream is adjoined by valley land, below which there is a canyon to the mouth.
The upper valley is bordered on the south by the rugged escarpment of the Wallows Mountains, and on the north by a moderately dissected plateau.
A short distance below En*rprise, the stream commences a divergence away from the high mountains and from this point to the mouth, the canyon traverses the plateau.
The gradient of the Wallows River varies from moderate to steep, and is relatively favorable to the deposition of gravel.
In general, the gradient is as follows: juncture of forks to Wallowa Lake, steep; Wallows Lake to Joseph, moderate to steep; Joseph to Enterprise, moderate; Enterprise to mouth, moderate to steep with one steep section approximately 2 mIles in length midway between
Enterprise and Lostine,
Slope and Bank Cover: are forested with coniferous
Adjacent to the upper Wallowa valley, the mountains
while the plateau area to the north is vegstated with grasses and sparse timber in the lower elevations Below Enterprise, the plateau is moderately to sparsely forested, with grasses and rocks predominant on many of the slopes along this section of the stream (Figure 38).

Table 20.
A List of Inventory Surveys Made on the Wal1owa River 1957-59.
Location of Surve
West Fork
Confluence of E. and W.
Forks to Wallowa Lake
Wallowa Lake to Joseph
Joseph to Dorrance Rd.
Surve D
10-24-58
7-14-5
10-4 and 10-7-7
9-24-58
Survey Distance
7
1
0 horse (spot check) toot
1.5
1.5
toot toot
1.5
3.5
foot foot
Dorrance Rd. to Market Rd.
8-26-58
Market Rd. to Hurricane Ck.
10-30-57
Hurricane Ck. to Parsnip Ck.
9-9-58
Parsnip Ck. to Dry Ck.
9-10-58
Dry Ck. to Minam River.
9-10-58
1inain River to mouth
Miriam River to mouth
2,1
10-28-58
8-5-59
13
11
7
11
13.
boat boat vehicle boat boat
2,/
Surveyed on two occasions due to poor visibility on 10-28-58.
Bank cover along the upper reach of the river to the vicinity of Enterprise consists of coniferous timber and brush.
From this point to Minam, the predominant cover is deciduous trees and brush (Figure 39).
In the lower 7-mile section of this area, from Dry Creek to Minam, the stream is in a canyon with the highway located along one bank and a railway on the other bank.
Cover here is largely absent.
From Minam to the mouth of the river, bank cover is composed of grasses and rock intermixed with conifers and brush.
Shades Shading of the stream varies from poor in some areas to moderate or excellent in others.
In general, shading is considered to be moderate to the vicinity of Wallowa where the stream becomes slightly shaded the remaining distance to the mouth (Figure 38).
The stream section with the poorest bank cover is between Dry Creek and the mouth; however, since the stream in this area 10 in a relatively deep canyon the effect of lack of cover may be modified to some degree.
Stream Cross Sectiont The configuration of the channel varies considerably.
From Wallowa Lake to the town of Wallowa, the channel cross section was classified as moderate.
This part of the stream is composed of alternate sections of riffles and pools, and contains the main spawning areas of anadromous fishes.
Below
Wallowa to Dry Creek, the channel is wide and shallow.
The occurrence in this area of a shallow streambed and only a slight amount of bank cover is conducive to greater extremes of water temperature than in other sections of the stream.
From Dry Creek to the river mouth, the channel cross section varies from shallow to moderate with shallow areas being in the majority.

S
.
i
Figure 38,
Mouth.
Slope Cover of Wallowa River Near the
This Stream Section May Be Suited to the
Introduction of Fall-Spawning Chinook (11-1-59).
Figure 39.
Bank Cover Along the Wallows River
Above Lostine.
Large Unscreened Ditch in Foreground is Below Spawning Areas (9-58).
Figure 40.
Wallowa Lake Dam.
This Structure is
40 Feet In Height and has no Provision for the
Passage of Fish.
Figure 11.
Irrigation Darn on Wallows River 2.5
Miles Below Joseph.
Salmon Redds Noted to, but not
Above, Darn in 1958.

Bottom Materials: Although observations of bottom materials on the Wallows
River were handicapped in some sections due to turbid water conditions, gravel in varying degrees ot abundance was, noted throughout much of the stream length.
The area of greatest concentration of gravel is from Joseph to Enterprise.
Twenty to
30 per cent of this approximately 6-mile section of stream is suitable for spawning.
For a majority of the remaining stream, gravel suitable for spawning constitutes 10 to 20 per cent of the bottom.
Rubble is the dominant bottom material in all secti.ns.
Some of the gravel is moderately compacted due to siltation resulting from the return of irrigation waste water.
A more detailed description of bottom materials is presented in Table 21.
Also, the locations and relative abundance of gravel deposits are illustrated in Figure 37.
Obstructions and Diversions: Obstructions on the Wallows River consist of the Wallows Lake Dam, a log jam, an area of periodic low flows, and several unscreened diversion ditches and minor diversion dams (Appendix&Table IV).
As previously reported, Wallows Lake Dam (Wa-?) is a concrete structure, 40 feet in height, with no facilities for the passage of fish (Figure 40).
The purpose of this dam is the storage of floodwaters in Wallows Lake for the use of irrigationlets In Wallowa Valley.
The utilization of Wallowa Lake as a storage reservoir results in a considerable fluctuation in the surface level of this lake.
Gage records at the dam for the past 20 years indicate an annual fluctuation in the reservoir level of from 4 to 26 feet.
In 1955, the lake level decreased approximately 9 feet during the month of August.
The volume of water which can be stored above the natural lake level is approximately 41,000 acre.feet.
There are three tunnel-type openings at the base of the dam which regulate the discharge of water from the lake.
Two of these openings discharge directly into diversion structures and the remaining one empties into the river channel When the lake level is high during the spring, the tunnel intakes may be submerged 20 or more feet.
At this time, water is likely to spill over the crest of the dam tø the concrete apron below (Figure 40).
During the survey of the Wallowa River, 4 minor diversion darns were noted between Joseph and Enterprise which appeared to be obstructions to upstream migrants during periods of low flow.
Two of these dams (Wa-5) are
above the spawning areas of chinook and silver salmon and are of significance only if bluoback salmon are reintroduced into Waflowa Lake.
The 2 lowermost dams (Wa-2) are believed to obstruct the migration of chinook and silver salmon into upper spawning areas.
Evidence which supports this opinion was obtained on August 26,
1958, when chinook salmon redda wore noted up to the vicinity of the lower dam with no further indications of these fish above, even though suitable spawning area is present.
Further details concerning the aforementioned darns are presented in Table 22 and Figure 3?.
FIgure
of the observed dams.
There are about 54 ditches which divert water from the main stem of the
Wallows River.
Approximately half of these ditches are unscreened.
Seven of the unscreened ditches (Wa-6), including some of the
diversions on the river, are located near or above Joseph, and are upstream from the present production areas of anadromous fishes.
The remaining ones (Wa-i) are situated in or below production areas (Figure 39).
The ditches range in width from 3 to 15 feet and are used principally to convey irrigation water.
Table 22 presents the general location, and widths of the unscreened ditches.
The ditch locations are also indicated in Figure 37.
Other barriers on the Wallows River include a log jam (Wa-3) and an area of low summer flow (Wa-4).
The section of low flow is created by the withdrawal of irrigation water above and at Joseph.
The length of stream affected Is about one-third mile, and in some years, this section baa become completely dewatered

Table 21.
Location and Estimated Abundance of Gravel on the Wallowa River,
Forks to Wallowa
Lake
Wallowa Lake to Joseph
Joseph to Enterprise
Enterprise to Wa].lowa
Wallowá to Minei
Minam to mouth
/ Estimate based on observation of 25 to 50 per cent of bottom.
Observation of bottom materials hindered by turbid water conditions.
Table 22.
A List of Obstructions and Unscreened Diversion
Ditches Notedon the Wallowa River During Surveys, 1957-59.
Wailowa to Lostine
Lostine to Enterprise
Enterprise to
Joseph
Joseph to
Wallowa Lake
7 unsoreened irrigation ditches (Wa-i)
2 unscreened irrigation ditches (Wa-i)
9 unsoreened irrigation ditches (Wa-i)
Area of intermittent summer flow (Wa-I)
Wailowa Lake Dam (Wa-?
7 unscreened diversion ditches (Wa-6)
2 irrigation dame (Wa-7)
Widths of diversions are 1.5,
2, 3, 3, 3, 10 and 13 feet.
Widths of ditches 3.5 and 10 feet.
Widths of ditchee are 3, 3, 3, 3,
6, 6, 6, 8, and 1 feet.
Located just below Joseph-blocks only a negligible amount of spawning area for existing species.
Located in area of low flow.
Believed to obstruct passage to good spawning area in some years.
Dams have concrete abutments and use stop boerde to regulate head.
Located 2.5 & 2.7 ml. below Joseph.
Structure 40 feet in height-no fish passage facilities.
Widths of ditches are 3.5, 3.5,
4.5, 6, 10, 12, & 30 feet.
Low water barriers-only negligible spawning area above for existing anadromoue species, Located at
Joseph.

in the late summer and early fall.
During seasons when this condition is prevalent, a satisfactory stream flow is reinstated approximately one-third mile below Joseph by the influx of irrigation waste water and ground water.
The area of low flow is located near the upper terminus of the strewn section of value for the spawning of chinook or silver salmon and is, therefore, considered to be of only minor importance to these fish.
It would, however, influence the migration of adult blueback salmon, were this species to be reestablished in Wallowa Lake.
The aforementioned log jam is located about halfway low flow.
It is approximately 60 feet wide, 30 feet long, through the section of
feet in height.
It could not determined if this jam is passable to upstream migrants, but it
As in the case of the area of low flow, the jam is of significance only in the
the reintroduction of anadromous bluoback into Wallow* take at some future time.
The locations of obstructions and unsoreened diversion
Figure 37.
ditches on the Wallows River are depicted in
Impoundment and Hatchery Sites: Due to a large expanse of valley land along the Wallows River, innumerable sites are present which may be suitable for the construction of impoundments.
One site which shows indication of promise is located between the Lostine and Wallows Rivers, approximately one-half mile above the confluence of these two streams (Figure 37).
At this site, there are two springs which discharge an estimated 1.5 c.f.s. each.
The land is owned by Frank
Renthrow of Wallows, Oregon.
In the summer of 1958, Mr. Renthrow indicated a willingness to permit use of 10 acres of his land for the construction of an' impoundment for the rearing of salmon.
Mr. Renthrow has stated that the springs do not freeze in the winter and that the temperature of the spring water is quite constant.
On two occasions, July 14, 1958, at 11:00 a.m. and September 24, 1959, at 2:00 p.m., the temperature of the spring water has been 55°F.
Other nearby springs have been reported but not verified.
Other than a possibility of hatchery development at the Renthrow farm, no sites appeared suitable for the construction of a hatchery.
At the present time, the Oregon Game Conuniss ion operates a trout hatchery at Enterprise which utilizes both the Wallows River and a small spring as a water supply.
Flow and Temperature Data: The flow pattern of the Wallows River is greatly influenced by irrigation practices which exist in the Wallows Valley.
Some of the factors affecting the discharge of the river at various times and in different sections are: (1) the storage of water for irrigation in Wallows Lake Reservoir each year from October to May; (2) the extensive withdrawal of irrigation water from the stream from May through September; (3) the volumes of discharge of several tributaries; (4) the influx of' groundwater and irrigation waste water; and
(5) the conveyance of water from Big Sheep Creek (Imnaba drainage) for irrigation use in the Wallows Valley (waste water return into Wallows River).
Despite the extensive irrigation demands made on the Wallows River, the volume of flow is generally satisfactory from a fisheries standpoint.
This is largely due to favorable groundwater conditions which allow the stream flow to recover rapidly from depletion by irrigation.
As previously indicated, only one section of the stream (below Joseph) is subject to critically low flows and this is the result of the concentrated removal of water for irrigation purposes within a short length of stream.
Also, the flow in this area is rapidly restored.
For, the period 1951 through 1957, the average maximum and average minimum monthly discharges of the Wallows River at Wallows Lake Dam were 49? and 42 c.f.s., respectively.
Table 23 presents the average monthly discharge at the dam for this same period of time.
As for flow records for other sections of the stream, the most recent data that have been published are those from 1904 to 1914.
-120-

1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
19%
1957
Tear
Average Monthly Discharge of the Wallowa River in Cubic Feet
Per Second Below Wallows. Lake Dam for the Water Years 1951-57. /
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
June
Aug.
64.4
59.2
59.2
59.1
439.5
401.7
204.9
58.8
56.0
58.6
62.1
39.3
125.3
138.2
440.9
306.3
104.2
34.3
61.5
50.1
46.5
57.7
60.3
52.9
46.8
79.0
217.0
430.0
14.l
45.8
305.0
332.0
388.0
123.0
44.9
40.5
35.8
41.0
149.0
464.0
302.0
86.4
81.0
ê90.6
66.3
56.5
48.8
128.0
377.0
539.0
396.0
136.0
62.6
56.0
60.8
52.4
55.0
63.7
415.0
574.0
274.0
106.0
station located 1,000 feet below Wallows. Lake Darn.

Some of these data, obtained at a former USGS gaging station at Miriam, Oregon, are presented in Table 24.
The degree of similarity between the flow pattern depicted in the old records and the present day conditions of flow at Miriam are unknown.
It can be stated, however, that the volume of discharge of the Wallows
River at Minam is always substantial.
During the inventory survey of the Wallows
River, the estimated flows ranged from about 1 cf.s. on October 7, 1957, immedi..
ately below Joseph to 135 o.f,s. at Wallows on August 10, 1958.
The flow data obtained during the inventory surveys are included in Table 25 with other flow data extracted from spawning ground survey records and from instantaneous floi records of the USGS.
To obtain detailed data concerning the water temperatures of the Wallows
River, two continuously recording water thermometers were installed and operated.
One recorder was installed in the principal spawning area about midway between
Joseph and Enterprise.
The other recorder was placed some 30 to 35 miles further downstream, about 3 miles above the town of Miriam and the mouth of the Minam
River.
The uppermost recorder was operated intermittently from early April 1958 until late October 1959.
Data resulting from the operation of this recorder indicate the existence of water temperatures favorable to the production of anadromous salmonids in the stream where the recorder was located (Figures 42 and 43).
Since the water temperatures of this section of stream do not appear to be gener-.
ally severe in the winter, the data also suggest that Wallows Lake has a tempering effect on the stream.
The lowermost temperature recorder was operated from mid-June 1959 until late September 1959.
As would be expected for a station of lower altitude, the records obtained near Minam indicate warmer summer water conditions than present on the stream between Joseph and Enterprise (Figure 44).
A comparison of the records of the two stations shows that during periods of highest water temperatures, the temperature ii the lower area may exceed that of the upper stream section by as much as 10°?.
As indicated in Figure 44, the warmest water temperatures occur on the Wallowa River near Miriam in July and August.
In 1959, during the 62 days existing in these two months, the water temperature reached or exceeded 65°F. on 48 days and attained or exceeded 70°F. on 17 days.
On the warmest days when the water temperature would reach 720?., a temperature of this magnitude had a duration of approximately 1 to 2 hours, and the temperature would remain above 70°F. for approximately 3 to 5 hours.
The average diurnal fluctuation in water temperature during the 17 days when the temperature reached or exceeded was about 14°?.
Additional temperature data obtained from the inventory surveys, past spawning ground surveys, and USGS
included in Table 25.
Also presented are the records of a temperature station maintained by the USFWS on the Wallows River below Wallows, Oregon, in 1957 (Figure 45).
are presented for Prairie, Big Canyon, Trout, Whiskey, Dry, Howard Creeks, and the West and East Forks.
Only
Prairie and Big Canyon Creeks and the West Fork were surveyed.
Immediately following this section, the survey data for Hurricane and Bear Creeks are submitted.
These streams are presented in more detail because of their greater importance.
major tributaries, Miriam and Lostine Rivers, are given separately following the discussion and recommendation section for the Wallowa River and the abovementioned lesser tributaries.

Average Monthly Discharge of the Wallowa River
Below Minam, Oregon, 1904-07 and 1909-14. /
Water
Year
1904
1905
1906
1907
1909
1910 467
547
372
512
440
Oøt Nov De
Jan
-
858 652 501 661 1,270 2,610 2,750 3,1.10
2,330
768
388 389 396 401 944 1,580 2,590
1,600 2,000 2,600 1,280 384
434 315 326 453 759
287
1,530 1,200 1,770 2,530 3,100 1,720
1,420 1,010 708 679
1,860
525 419 794 626 917 1,210 2,130 3,960 623
2,850 2,930 3,070 1,890
932 675 400 671 64].
315
386
1912
1913
1914
431
446
478
430
495
547
356 687
392 344
448 538
880
396
494
661
1,340
1,040
1,760 3,190
2,530 3,770
4,710 2,070 - - - -
2,040
861
624
428
273
359
401
478
351
353
601
417

Table 25.
Spot Observations
Date Location Above
Mouth (Mfles)
12
9
1?
42
43
43
48
44
44
44
43
46
44
46
46
5].
51
1,4
42
50
50
31
51
51
51
51
51
51
49
46
'
42
46
11
48
41
37
31
29
26
24
23
21
12
11
8
47,4
46
50
49
48
Time
8-5-58
8-26-58
8-26-58
8-26-58
9-24-58
9-24-58
9-24-58
9-9-58
9-9-58
9-9-58
9-9-5 8
9-10-58
9-10-58
9-10-58
9-10-58
10-28-58
10-28-58
10-28-58
8-23-40
8-19-50
8-16-52
8-24-53
8-25-54
8-14-55
8-14-55
8-20-55
9-1-55
9-1-55
9-7-55
8-23-56
8-29-56
9-4-56
9-10-56
9-24-56
11-9-56
11-24-56
31
2/
31
12-13-56
3-13-57
5-16-57
5-21-5?
6-5-57
6-7-57
8-27-57
2/
8-27- 57
10-4-57
10-4- 57
10-7-57
10-18-5?
10-18-57
10-28-57
3:30 p.m.
12:00 noon
8:45 a.m.
1:30 p.m.
'11:00 a.m.
11:15 san.
11:15 a.m.
2:30 p.m.
2:35 p.m.
Data obtained from USGS records, La Grande, Oregon.
10:35 a.m.
11:40 a.m.
11:15 a.m.
10:40 a.m,
12:30 p.m.
1:30 p.m.
3:15 p.m.
2:20 p.m.
3:00 p.m.
3:50 p.m.
2:10 p.m.
2:45 p.m.
5:10 p.m.
5:30 p.m.
10:25 a.m.
11:40 a.m.
1:00 p.m.
2:00 p.m.
12:55 p.m.
12:50 p.m.
2:00 p.m.
1:15 p.m.
9:45 a.m.
9:30 a.m.
8:45 a.m.
9:10 a.m.
4:00 p.m.
11:20 aan.
--
-_
10:00 san.
-
-
--
-_
11:40 a.m.
11:45 a.m.
2:00 p.m.
2:00 p.m.
2:10 p.m.
Air Water
-
54
78
74
76
67
76
76
84
86
66
66
47
47
45
53
44
74
78
81
--
54
71
-
65
66
-
54
68
57
54
52
59
68 59
78 55
-
58 48
62
53
63 59
48
--
-
43
-
-
34 38
-
--
--
--
-
7)
-
-
-
53
66 56
42 54
51
62
63
63
62
55
58
61
64
46
46
45
48
48
47
63
57
57
58
54
-124-
Est. Flow
150
25
15
20
72
28
29
39
29
402
483
1,180
813
20
400
50
30
9
20
25
100
100
100
100
100
100
135
135
300
200
200

2
.
65
-
55 -
E-'
t v )
I
I' I'
'
'S
4
A
,
A
y
1'_\
I
, A.
I..*
1..-
'/
'
'-,
I-' \ \
' I'
'j'
'-I J
'-S'
4
,
J l4inimum
32
10
I
20
I
30
I
10 20
Nay
I
30
I
I
10 20
June
I I
30
I
10 20
1958
Daily Mexlrniin and Nininum Temperatures the Va11ow River 2 Niles Above
I I
30

A
('
I
65
60
5.5
4)
5O
--
__I
I'
\_g l
-'
't
'.
I
/\
,/
_J r
Il 'V 'I
4
V
Minimum
440
35
Maxi
"J \'
' t
Y
\
32
10
I
I
20
Anguet
30
I
10
I
20
September
30
I j
10
1958
I
20
October
I
30 10 20
November
30
10 20
December
30

65
60
55
.45
1
I40
35
32
I
10
February!
20
I
V '
Is
11 U
I
iv
I
I t
% t
!..lVl
*
'I ii
I
\i
,, V ii
,St
\
':
-'il
S
A t\
%__.__
'I r
ItI
I\
10
I
I
20
March
30
I
10
I
20
I
30
I
10
I
-I
20
May
1959
Daily Maximum and Minimum Tenperaturea of
June