Presentation Overview
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International Telecommunication Union International Telecommunication Union Presentation Overview Trends in Universal Service and Consumer Protection Eric Lie Regulatory Analyst ITU Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Seminar on Universal Service and Protection of Consumer Rights General Trends in Telecommunications Trends in Universal Service/Access Trends in Consumer Protection ITU Activities and Resources in the field of Universal Service/Access and Consumer Protection Guiyang, China 24 - 26 August 2005 1 The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the ITU or its Membership. 2 International Telecommunication Union International Telecommunication Union ICT Users Worldwide Telephone and Internet Users World, Millions 1'500 General Trends in Telecommunications 1'000 Fixed-line Internet users 500 Mobile 0 1991 3 94 97 2000 International Telecommunication Union International Telecommunication Union Global ICT Revenue Global service revenue trends, in current US$ billions 1'200 1'000 Data and other 800 Cellular and Internet Users 1.48 billion Revenues from public switched telephone, cellular mobile and other telecommunication networks worldwide, 1993-2003 and 2003, in current USD billions 739 million Developing Cellular mobile users mid-2004 and mobile users added 2000-mid 2004; 56.0% 78.5% 691 million 600 Mobile 400 International fixed telephone 200 Domestic fixed telephone 0 1993 95 97 99 01 44.0% Developed Data and other, 19.1% 2003 Mobile, 37.7% 5 03 4 21.5% 39.1% 332 million Developing 66.2% Mid-2004 Installed base Domestic fixed telephone, 38.9% Cellular mobile subscribers New subscribers added, 2000-Mid 2004 60.9% Developed 33.8% Int'l fixed, telephone, 4.4% Global service revenues, 2003 Total = US$1.1 trillion 6 Number of Internet users 2003, and new Internet users added, 2000-2003 2003 Installed base Internet Users New users added, 20002003 International Telecommunication Union International Telecommunication Union International Voice Traffic Broadband 1 5 .3 % B roadband s u b s c r ib e r s a s a p e r c e n ta g e o f In t e r n e t u s e r s 100 80 60 20 0 .5 6 % 1 .2 5 % 160 VoIP 140 PSTN 120 As % of total 100 11.8% 80 1 1 .2 % 60 13.1% 7.4% 40 Revenue and average price of international traffic 70 4.8% 20 7 .3 3 % 40 The growth of VoIP as a percentage of int’l voice traffic (left) International traffic (billions of minutes) 180 B r o a d b a n d s u b s c r i b e r s w o r l d w id e , m illio n 120 0 0.01% 1997 3 .9 6 % 0.2% 1998 60 1.6% 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 50 68 63 40 58 51 44 30 0 39 33 20 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Decline in revenue and price of int’l voice traffic (right) S o u r c e : I T U I n t e r n e t R e p o r ts 2 0 0 4 “ T h e P o r ta b le I n te r n e t” 7 8 International Telecommunication Union 10 Revenue (US$bn) Price per minute (US cents) 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 International Telecommunication Union Trends in Competition The Growth of Spam The legal status of competition in global telecommunication market segments in 2004 Spam as a percentage of all email worldwide (MessageLabs) 80 70 60 Monopoly 50 40 100% 30 90% Spam as a percentage of all email worldwide (Brightmail) 20 10 65% 80% 70% 60% 48% 0 Competition 50% Nov Dec Jan Feb Apr Mar May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct '03 '04 '04 40% 32% 30% 20% 10% 0% 8% Basic services June '01 9 June '02 June '03 June '04 Leased lines Wireless local loop Cellular Cable TV VSAT 10 International Telecommunication Union International Telecommunication Union Trends in Privatization Partially and fully privatized incumbent operators worldwide; 1991 – 2004 C o u n tr ie s 160 P r iv a te Trends in Universal Service / Access S ta te -o w n e d 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1991 11 1993 1995 1999 2001 2004 12 ISPs International Telecommunication Union International Telecommunication Union Universal Service and Universal Access Objectives Different concepts Promotion of economic productivity and growth Promotion of political and social cohesion through the integration of isolated communities into mainstream society Improved delivery of government services Elimination of social and economic disparities (“info rich” vs. “info poor”) • Universal Service: Every household has telephone service • Universal Access: Everyone in a community has access to a publicly available telephone e.g. payphone, tele-centre, etc. Similar goals • Availability: Provide the same level of service everywhere • Affordability: Same price for service everywhere • Accessibility: Mental and physical ability does not affect access 13 14 International Telecommunication Union International Telecommunication Union Pay or Play Role of the Regulator Pay (Mandatory Obligations) Define universal access and service Define affordability Implementation and financing of universal access/service goals Verification of USO costs Periodic reviews of progress Ensure involvement of local communities Play (Incentivebased Opportunities) Cross Subsidy License Obligation Micro Credit • Grameen Phone • India, South Africa BOT and BTO arrangements Access Deficit Charges • Transitory in nature • Australia, Canada, India • Indonesia Universal Service Fund • All operators are required to contribute a percentage of their revenues to the fund • France, Peru India, Malaysia, Cooperatives and Community-owned systems • France Regional Operators • Bangladesh, Chile, South Africa, Venezuela • Governments allocate a portion of their general revenues to the fund 15 16 International Telecommunication Union • Chile International Telecommunication Union Mandatory Obligations Definitions Which operators are obliged to provide universal access/service? (left) 17 18 Under what legal mechanism are operators required to provide universal access/service? (right) Note: Other refers mainly to Telecommunications Law International Telecommunication Union International Telecommunication Union Universal Service Funds How is Universal Service/Access financed? Regional distribution of countries with a fund (left) How is universal service/access financed? (left) 19 In countries where a fund is in place, 67% are managed by the regulators, what are they responsible for? (right) 20 International Telecommunication Union In the case of a fund, what do operators contribute? (right) International Telecommunication Union Consumer Protection Trends in Consumer Protection 21 22 • The protection of consumers from hazards to their health and safety; • The promotion and protection of the economic interests of consumers; • Access of consumers to adequate information to enable them to make informed choices; • Consumer education, including education on the environmental, social and economic impacts of consumer choice; • Availability of effective consumer redress; • Freedom to form consumer and other relevant groups or organizations and the opportunity of such organizations to present their views in decision-making processes affecting them; • The promotion of sustainable consumption patterns. United Nations Guidelines on Consumer Protection (expanded 1999) International Telecommunication Union International Telecommunication Union Role of the Regulator Value-added chain of Consumer Protection Policies Defining Consumer Rights • Quality of Service; Operator Codes of Conduct (e.g. transparency in billing, prohibition against unsolicited calls &e-mails, etc.); data protection; access to emergency services; health and safety standards; etc. Compliance and enforcement Resolution of operator – consumer disputes Research, Education and Information Dissemination 23 Opoyo Consuloria 24 • Public consultations, website publication, consumer outreach campaigns, communication with consumer groups, public warnings (e.g. virus) International Telecommunication Union International Telecommunication Union Role of the Regulator Roles and Actors in Consumer Protection 25 The percentage of regulatory agencies that undertake activities on behalf of consumers, by type (left) Opoyo Consuloria 26 International Telecommunication Union Percentage of consumer consultation methods carried out by regulators, by type (right) International Telecommunication Union ITU in Brief ITU Resources and Activities in the fields of Universal Service/Access and Consumer Protection 27 28 International Telecommunication Union International Telecommunication Union ITU Structure Development Sector (ITU-D) Plenipotentiary Conference World Telecom Development Conference Doha, Qatar 2006 World Conferences on Int’l Telecoms Council Radiocommunications (ITU-R) Standardization (ITU-T) World/Regional Radiocommunication Conference (WRC) Radiocommunication Assembly (RA) Development (ITU-D) World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA) World/Regional Telecommunication Development Conference (WTDC) Advisory Group Advisory Group Study Groups Telecommunication Indicators reports and databases Radio Regulations Board (RRB Advisory Group 29 Study Groups UN specialized agency, concerned with the development of telecommunication networks and services worldwide 140 years old 189 Member States; 650+ Sector Members Around 790 staff / 83 nationalities 2004 budget = CHF164m (USD 132m) Secretary-General: Yoshio Utsumi (Japan) Deputy Sec-General: Roberto Blois (Brazil) Website: http://www.itu.int http://www.itu.int Regulatory assistance Study Groups Study Groups Secretariat Secretary-General Deputy Secretary-General TELECOM Director Radiocommunication Bureau (BR) Director Telecom Standardization Bureau (TSB) Director Telecom Development Bureau (BDT) Technical cooperation Regional offices 30 Director: Hamadoun Touré (Mali) International Telecommunication Union International Telecommunication Union ITU Resources on Universal Service & Consumer Protection ITU Field Offices Global Symposium for Regulators (GSR) 2002 and 2003 Moscow Geneva Bridgetown Dakar Tegucigalpa Brasilia • Best Practice Guidelines on Universal Service/Access (2003) Cairo Yaounde Addis Ababa ITU Trends in Telecommunication Reform Reports Bangkok • Trends 2003 – Promoting Universal Access to ICTs Jakarta Santiago Harare ITU-D Study Groups 1 & 2 Regional Office Area Office 31 32 International Telecommunication Union International Telecommunication Union ITU Resources on Universal Service & Consumer Protection ITU Resources on Universal Service & Consumer Protection Regulatory Tools and Resources Regulatory models, reports, & case studies • TREG database – online database of regulatory profiles • Global Regulators’ Exchange (GREX) - online exchange and discussion board for regulators and policy makers • ITU - infoDev ICT Regulation Toolkit - online regulator’s handbook on telecommunications regulation • ITU - WorldBank Telecommunications Dispute Resolution Database – online database of global regulatory decisions • Dispute Settlement Case Studies (2003) – Botswana, Denmark, India, Jordan, Malaysia • Report to GSR 2003 - Feedback to Regulators from Consumers (2002) Seminars, workshops and forums • e.g. ITU Seminar on BWA for Rural and Remote Areas (1-2 Sep 2005, China) Financial Tools 33 • COSITU - Tool to automate calculation of tariffs, taking into account impact of USO 34 International Telecommunication Union 35 • Q. 7-1/1 Universal Access/Service • Q.10-1/2 Communications for Rural and Remote Areas International Telecommunication Union 36 International Telecommunication Union International Telecommunication Union http://www.itu.int/itu-d/treg Thank you http://www.itu.int/ Eric Lie eric.lie@itu.int 37 38
