This is a supplement to your lab notes and your notes are the best guide for
studying- note that not all terms and concepts may be listed below and that you
should study only the labs that we reviewed this semester!
Lab 8 Diffusion and Osmosis
Define diffusion
How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion? How does molecular weight affect
trhe rate of diffusion?
Describe selectively permeable as it relates to membranes. Define solute and
concentration gradient, chemical potential.
Compare hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic solutions
Describe Osmosis. What is osmotic potential dependent upon? Define osmotic
potential and osmotic pressure.
Describe what causes plasmolysis in living plants. Describe the reaction of Elodea or
Spirogyra when NaCl is added.
Why did the solution in the osmometer move up the tube?
Lab 9
Mitosis
Know the events of Interphase, Mitosis and Cytokinesis.
G1, S and G2, cell division
DNA replication.
Identify organelles of the cell that aid in cell division.
What is a chromatid? What is a chromosome? What is a centromere? Homologous
pairs, gene, allele, loci
Phases of the cell cycle in the onion root tip and approximate % time spent in each.
Identify models/slides in each phase of cell divison.
*Lab 13 (used for reviewing Meiosis)
Meiosis Handout (reference lab 13 in lab book)
Know the events of Interphase, Meiosis and cytokinesis
Describe each phase of meiosis I and II
What is a Tetrad and crossover? When does this occur?
Briefly describe how cells are able to increase diversity in the genetic makeup
of gametes.
Understand Independent assortment and segregation
Homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive, Linked and unlinked genes.
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Drosophila Genetics
Know the binomial name of the fruit fly- Drosophila melanogaster
Know Life stage of fruit fly and how long they stay in each stage and how long
they live.
What is the importance of Virgin flies?
How to identify the sex of fruit fly
General Procedure for sexing them
Be able to calculate F1 generation, F2 generations for both dominant and
recessive genes.
What type of mutants did we work with and which were recessive/dominant
traits.
What is the phenotype for wild type.
Be able to recreate F1 cross and F2 cross and determine genotypes and
phenotypes of each mutation- Be able to use the correct nomenclature for each
phenotype i.e. wild vs. mutant.
Lab 15- Human genetics
Traits and karyotyping handout
Be able to Identify the karyotypes presented in lab and their general phenotypes.
Define terms presented in handout and be able to use them appropriately
Genetic I- Monohybrid cross
Be able to workout any problem in the worksheets
Define terms presented in handout and be able to use them appropriately
Genetic II- Dihybrid cross
Be able to workout any problem in the worksheets
Define terms, symbols presented in handout and be able to use them appropriately
Genetic III - Pedigree
Be able to workout any problem in the worksheets
Define terms, legends, Mode of inheritance presented in handout and be able to use
them appropriately
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*Diversity Lab 22 and 23
Know the various Kingdoms and Domains (specific examples seen in
lab)
Be able to ID slides of the various kingdoms
Describe morphology of bacteria and be able to ID
What type of organism is penicillin
Know the various types of Fungi and examples of each
Ascomycota, basiodiomycota and zygomycota (be able to draw or ID
general structure
Describe a protista and modes of locomotion.
What is symbiosis? Mutualism? Commensalism? Know Examples seen
in lab
Describe characteristics of Lichen and be able to ID Fructiose, Foliose,
and Crustose
What is nitrogen fixation and describe the biochemical pathway
Describe Rhizobium and its symbiotic relationship with some plants.
Where do you find Rhizobium?
Know the various types of Algae
Know the structure for plant and animal cells
Diversity of Plants 24
Be able to distinguish between tracheophytes from non tracheophytes.
What is a gymnosperm?
What is an angiosperm?
Archegonia vs. anther
Microspores vs. megaspores
Identify structures of a flower
Identify male vs female plant structures
Describe evolution of water to land (i.e. vascularization and mechanisms of
fertilization.
*Population Genetics CalculationsBe able to write out the Hardy-Weinberg equation and how to solve
problems.
What is the frequency of Homozygous recessive, Heterozygous
dominant, and heterozygous specimens if given a example population.
Define gene pool, population, allele, genotype, phenotype, allelic
frequency, genotypic frequency
What are some of the conditions that must exist in order for this HardyWeinberg equation to exist?
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