Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Which of these could be classified as predators? a. a leaf eating caterpillar b. a caterpillar eating bird d. only b and c e. a, b and c all could be considered predators c. a bird eating cat
____ 2. In the Lotka-Volterra equations modeling predator-prey population interactions the expression cN prey
N pred a. represents prey mortality due to predation d. has nothing to do with the Lotka-Volterra equations e. both a and c b. change in predator numbers as prey population changes c. links equation modeling predator population changes with that modeling prey population changes
____ 3. Which of the following is an example of Batesian mimicry? a. the resemblance of a harmless fly to a bee c. the resemblance of an African sunbird to a b. the resemblance of a walking stick (a kind of insect) to a twig hummingbird that occupies the same niche d. the similar appearance of many wasps
____ 4. What, if any, is the adaptive value to a tobacco plant of producing nicotine (a poisonous compound)? a. nicotine attracts pollinating moths d. nicotine has no advantage to plants that b. nicotine attracts seed-dispersing birds produce it e. it encourages widespread cultivation by foolish bipedal primates c. nicotine serves as a defense against predation
____ 5. A keystone predator a. maintains the species diversity in a c. is generally a parasite community b. harvests prey species down to extinction d. causes populations to crash
____ 6. In a food chain consisting of phytoplankton —> zooplankton --> fish -->fisherman--> sharks, the fishermen are a. primary consumers b. secondary consumers c. tertiary consumers d. detrus
____ 7. In one study it was observed that removal of predator resulted in a reduction in species diversity. What was possibly going on? a. Maybe the predator was preying on mutualsitic species b. The predator was effectively reducing competitive exclusion enabling a more diverse community to develop. c. How could this possibly happen? There is not explanation.
____ 8. Self mimicry may involve a. coloration patterns which resemble other body parts, such as eyespots b. development of enlarged heads which make it more difficult for predators to swallow prey c. whistle-like calls which make it appear that there are larger numbers present that there actually are` d. bright coloration of tails and limbs which increases the probability a predator will miss vital parts of the prey when it strikes
____ 9. Fish gathering into large schools is a form of refuge a. true b. false

____ 10. Bottom-up regulation of a predator population in a food web might involve a. regulation of predator population based on c. density dependent factors such as disease relative abundance of prey b. regulation of predator population changes and intraspecific competition by availability of abundance of food for its prey
____ 11. Many small rain forest frogs are brightly colored because a. otherwise they might get stepped on c. this helps them in attracting a mate b. they are advertising their high level of toxicity
____ 12. The Red-Queen hypothesis refers to the process of co-evolution of predator and prey. a. true b. false
____ 13. How can synchronized reproductive events act as a form of refuge for a predated species? a. when numerous individuals predators have c. if large numbers of young are produced at a hard time singling out one individual to consume b. Large numbers of prey species confuse many predators one time predators become satiated and a higher percentage of prey escape d. sometimes it is possible for prey to hide behind each other
____ 14. The form of predation in which an animal consumes all or part of a plant is called a. herbivory c. omnivory b. parasitism
____ 15. Most predators are also prey. a. True
____ 16. Typically, herbivores do not kill their prey. a. True b. false b. false
____ 17. A parasitoid a. is a true predator c. attacks the host indirectly by laying eggs in or on the prey’s body d. only preys on animals b. actively pursues its prey
____ 18. Which of the following would be considered evolved defenses of prey against predators? a. cryptic coloration d. all of these b. Batesian mimicry c. flashing coloration e. none of these
____ 19. The red queen hypothesis refers to a. Hardy-Weinburg evolution b. Coevolution c. directional selection d. predator-prey oscillation
____ 20. Which of the following is an example of apoematistic coloration? a. a brightly colored poisonous snake c. the flashing of the tail of a white-tailed b. the brightly colored tail of a peacock deer d. an insect that resembles its habitat
____ 21. Schooling of fish or mass hatching of sea turtles is a form of refuge. a. True b. False