AI : A Design Perspective
-Put a red pyramid on a green block.
>OK
-Pick up a blue block
>OK
SHRDLU - Winograd
-Men are all alike.
>IN WHAT WAY?
-They're always bugging us about something or other.
>CAN YOU THINK OF A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE?
-Well, my boyfriend made me come here.
>YOUR BOYFRIEND MADE YOU COME HERE
-He says I'm depressed much of the time.
>I AM SORRY TO HEAR YOU ARE DEPRESSED
-It's true. I am unhappy
>DO YOU THINK COMING HERE WILL HELP YOU NOT TO
BE UNHAPPY
Eliza - Weizenbaum
SHRDLU
-Men are all alike.
>IN WHAT WAY?
-They're always bugging us about something or other.
>CAN YOU THINK OF A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE?
-Well, my boyfriend made me come here.
>YOUR BOYFRIEND MADE YOU COME HERE
-He says I'm depressed much of the time.
>I AM SORRY TO HEAR YOU ARE DEPRESSED
-It's true. I am unhappy
>DO YOU THINK COMING HERE WILL HELP YOU NOT
TO BE UNHAPPY
Eliza
Observation #1
Maximize the ratio of
internal complexity to
perceived intelligence.
5
1
Perceived
Complexity
Actual
Complexity
5
-Men are all alike.
>IN WHAT WAY?
-They're always bugging us about something or other.
>CAN YOU THINK OF A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE?
1
-Well, my boyfriend made me come here.
>YOUR BOYFRIEND MADE YOU COME HERE
-He says I'm depressed much of the time.
>I AM SORRY TO HEAR YOU ARE DEPRESSED
-It's true. I am unhappy
>DO YOU THINK COMING HERE WILL HELP YOU NOT
TO BE UNHAPPY
SHRDLU
Eliza
Crime = Pop. Density^2 - Land Value - Police Effect
Land Value = Distance[Zonetype] + Terrain + Transport
ratio
?
Ramping the model
Es/N0 = Eb/N0 + 10log10(2/3)
= Eb/N0 - 1.76 dB
Es/N0 = Eb/N0 + 10log10(1/2)
= Eb/N0 - 3.01
Psychology
Technology
Do
Do Ask
Browse
Browse
Do
Do Ask
Ask
Fast
Slow
?
Browse
Do
Point
Point
Point
Point
Next
Last
Ask
Point
Next
Last
illusion
AI
model
Observation #2
The player will build an internal
model of your system.
If you don’t help them build it, they’ll
probably build the wrong one.
Information flow
Observation #3
The flow of information about a
system has a huge impact on the
players perception of it’s intelligence.
Chatterbot Technology
Conversational action figures
• On-the-fly speech
• Learn everything about each other
• Form relationships
• Likes, Hates, Health, Happiness, Money…
• Unique personality and appearance
15
ROM
Personality
Phrases
Speaker
RAM
Speech Buffer
Code Stack
CPU
30Mhz
NVRAM
Relationships
IR
Transmit
Receive
Buttons
Player interface
Text-to-Speech overview
Select Phrase
CPU
Phrase
Database
(~500K ROM)
Assemble Wavefile
Di-Phone
Table
(~500K ROM)
Apply pitch, volume and rate
RAM
Speech Buffer
(32-64K)
Output
Speaker
“Hi, My name is SuperBear.
What’s your name?”
Text-to-Speech
Infrared
ID42 == “SuperBear”
Query (name)
“Good to meet you SuperBear.
My name is Redgirl.”
ReplyGreet (“SuperBear”)
ReplyQuery (MyName)
BackChannel
Apperence = “Red Jacket,
Fire Extinguisher, Brown
Hair, Blue Shoes”
Relationship Table
ID - 42
Name – “SuperBear”
Visible – Yes
Last Interaction – 47 ticks
Apperence – “Eyepatch, Yellow stripes”
Relationship - +3
Likes –
Dislikes –
Health –
Money –
Possesions –
-
Spodes
Greet
Joke
Query
Story
Compliment
Insult
Declaration
0
+5
+15
-5
+7
-20
+12
Mood
Happiness +45
Health - +20
Money - $400
Personality
Playful +7
Curious +3
Assertive -4
Relationship Table
ID - 42
Name – “SuperBear”
Visible – Yes
Last Interaction – 47 ticks
Conversation Buffer
“Hi my name is SuperBear”
What’s your name?”
“Good to meet you SuperBear”
Spodes
Greet
Joke
Query
Story
Compliment
Insult
Declaration
0
+5
+15
-5
+7
-20
+12
Mood
Happiness +45
Health - +20
Money - $400
Personality
Playful +7
Curious +3
Assertive -4
Relationship Table
ID - 42
Name – “SuperBear”
Visible – Yes
Last Interaction – 47 ticks
Conversation Buffer
“Hi my name is SuperBear”
What’s your name?”
“Good to meet you SuperBear”
“Do you like tofu?”
Joke
Query
+9
+15
ChatterBots
random
behavior
Observation #4
From the players point of view there is a
fine line between complex behavior and
random behavior.
Visibility of causal chains usually makes
the difference.
State Machines
Environmental
Situation
?
Fight
Flee
Eat
Forage
Nest
Behavioral
Response
Find Best Action
Toilet
Mood +26
-Urinate (+40 Bladder)
-Clean (+30 Room)
-Unclog (+40 Room)
Hunger
Comfort
Hygiene
Bladder
Energy
Fun
Social
Room
+20
-12
-30
-75
+80
+40
+10
-60
Mood +18
Bathtub
Mood +20
-Take Bath(+40 Hygiene)
(+30 Comfort)
-Clean
(+20 Room)
The Food Chain
Fridge
Hunger +30
Hungry
Fix Dinner
Fridge
food
Fix Dinner
Fridge
food
cook
counter
stove
Fix Dinner
Fridge
Placement surface
food
chair
counter
stove
table
Fix Dinner
Fridge
Disposal (neat)
food
chair
counter
stove
table
dishwasher
Observation #5
Mimicking human intelligence and
maximizing the intelligence of an artificial
system are 2 very different tasks.
30
Dude, you
SUCK!!!!!
w00t!!!
Fucking n00bs
“I’m sorry Dave, I can’t do that”
ratio
alien
training
Observation #6
There are many applications of AI in
games that don’t involve Opponents,
Avatars or even human-like intelligence.
Meta AI
Peer AI
Sub AI
Meta AI
Experience
Peer AI
Agents
- Information Flow
- Pacing
- Simple Player Model
- Behavior
- Opponents/Avatars
- Complex Player Model
Sub AI
Simulation
- Physics
- Tactile
- Intuitive Player Model
Failure
Meta AI
Game - Designer
Peer AI
Agents - Intelligence
Sub AI
World - Simulation
Meta
Peer
Sub
SimCity
Meta
Peer
Sub
Meta
Meta
Peer
Peer
Sub
Sub
SimCity
Meta
Peer
Sub
The Sims
Meta
Peer
Sub
Meta AI
Peer AI
Sub AI
Diminishing returns
Meta AI
Peer AI
Sub AI
Meta
Meta
Meta
Peer
Peer
Peer
Sub
Sub
SimCity
Meta
Peer
Sub
The Sims
Meta
Peer
Sub
Sub
Spore
Meta
Peer
Sub
Observation #7
Building a system that collects and
reflects natural intelligence is far
easier than replicating that
intelligence.
45
servers
servers
Content Pollination
Server
Player
Computer
Ecosystem
Player creature
Pollination #2
Server
Player
Computer
Buy Mode
++
Pollination #3
PollenContent
Observation #8
Building a robust, internal model
of the player can have huge
potential value.
From the player’s model of the computer…to…the computer’s model of the player
Computer
Understanding
Player Story
Adaptive
Mapping
Comedy
Romance
Horror
Mystery
Action
Story Parsing
Kids/play
Classify/Parse
Presentation Manager
Camera Angles
Lighting
Music
Ambient SFX
Parsing
Presentation
Influence/Assist
Parsing
Presentation
Influence/Assist
Replay (Movie)
servers
Horror
Romance
Comedy
SocialWeb
Observation #9
Static data in games represents lost
opportunity.
We should be attempting to automate
the intelligence that created that data
when feasible.
Player AI
Developer AI
SporeAnim
SporeTexture
Stop Now