National Polar-orbiting Environmental Operational Satellite System
(NPOESS)
NAST-IER
NPOESS Airborne Sounder Testbed
July 10-11, 2003
NASA LaRC, Hampton, VA
Stephen A. Mango
Chief Scientist
NPOESS Integrated Program Office
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Why this Meeting ?
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NPOESS
• Needs an Airborne Sounding
- Testbed for Risk Reduction
- Calibration/Validation System
i.e. a NAST !!!
• Needs a NAST for the Duration of the Program (~2025) to
accomplish Cal/Val Requirements !!!
[to help accomplish Pre-Launch Risk Reduction/Verification
of Concepts and the Post-Launch immediate intensive
Cal/Val activities, the intermittent and the sustaining Cal/Val
activities throughout the mission]
• Present NAST System
- Probably CAN NOT
- Realistically SHOULD NOT
“make it through” 2025 !!!
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NPOESS Airborne Sounder Testbed [NAST]
OBJECTIVES
Simulate Candidate Spaceborne Instruments
- (CrIS, ATMS, IASI)
• Evaluate Key EDR Algorithms
• Preview High Resolution Products (Spectral & Spatial)
• Under Flight Calibration/Validation
•
INSTRUMENTS [NAST-I & NAST-M]
•
•
•
•
NAST on ER-2
20 km ALTITUDE
NADIR 2.6 km IFOV
± 23 km GROUND COVERAGE
± 48 o Scan
NAST-I: IR Interferometer [FTS] Sounder
NAST-M: Microwave Sounder*
Co-Boresighted IR and Microwave
IR Interferometer [FTS] Sounder 3.5 – 16 µm
- High Spectral Resolution (1000 < du / u < 2000)
- High Sensitivity in a cold scene
• 0.10 K NEDT @ 14.9 µm (250K)
• 0.15 K NEDT @ 8.2 µm (250K)
• 0.20 K NEDT @ 4.7 µm (250K)
Microwave Sounder
[3 Bands, 16 Channels] 54, 118, 183 GHz
*Hurricane Bonnie
Cross-Section
NATIONAL
NATIONAL
POLAR-ORBITING
POLAR-ORBITING
OPERATIONAL
OPERATIONAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
SATELLITE
SATELLITE
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
DMSP/POES to NPOESS
Convergence / Evolution of Satellite Systems
DMSP
NPOESS
POES
NATIONAL
NATIONAL
POLAR-ORBITING
POLAR-ORBITING
OPERATIONAL
OPERATIONAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
SATELLITE
SATELLITE
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
NPOESS Preparatory Project [NPP]
“Bridge from EOS to NPOESS”
“Bridges EOS & NPOESS
Climate Measurement
Missions”
NPP
AQUA
EOS
LTAN 1330
NPOESS
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Satellite Transition Schedule
POES/DMSP/WindSat/Terra/Aqua/NPP/NPOESS
CY
99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
DMSP
0530
F19
F17
F20
NPOESS
C3
C6
Local Equatorial Crossing Time
WindSat/Coriolis
0730
- 1030
F15
DMSP
POES
17
F16
F18
NPOESS
NPOESS
C4
C1
METOP
EOS-Terra
NPP
POES
1330
16
N’
N
C2
NPOESS
C5
EOS-Aqua
------------------10 Year Mission Life------------------
•
FY04 President’s Budget National Launch
Forecast
•
Slopes indicate 10-90% need
Earliest Availability
Deliveries
FY
99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
As of: 15 DEC 2002
Earliest Probable Launch Date(s)
Most probable launch date
CVWG EB – MeetingSlopes
6/12/03indicate 10-90% need) - - Projected End of Life based on 50% Need
NATIONAL
NATIONAL
POLAR-ORBITING
POLAR-ORBITING
OPERATIONAL
OPERATIONAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
SATELLITE
SATELLITE
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
NPOESS Status/Overview
• Contract was awarded on August 23, 2002 to
TRW (now Northrop Grumman ST) for $4.5B
• Contract consists of:
- 6 satellites (3 Orbits-one satellite + a replacement /orbit)
- Taking over all government instrument contracts
- Buying all “leveraged” instruments
- Integrating GFE instruments (ADCS and SARSAT)
- Building and deploying all ground systems
• C3 and data retrieval
• Data processing hardware and software
Software for worldwide users
• Operating system through IOC (2011)
- with option to 2019 ~2018 + 7 yr Lifetime = ~ 2025
NATIONAL
NATIONAL
POLAR-ORBITING
POLAR-ORBITING
OPERATIONAL
OPERATIONAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
SATELLITE
SATELLITE
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
NPOESS Satellite System
CMIS
ATMS
CrIS
VIIRS
OMPS
ERBS
NPOESS 1330 LAN Configuration
Single satellite design with common sensor locations
CMIS - μwave imager/sounder
VIIRS - vis/IR imager
CrIS
- IR sounder
ATMS - μwave sounder
OMPS - ozone mapper/profiler
GPSOS - GPS occultation
ADCS - data collection
SESS - space environment
APS
- aerosol polarimeter
SARSAT - search & rescue
TSIS - solar irradiance
ERBS - Earth radiation budget
ALT - altimeter
VIIRS
CMIS
CrIS
ATMS
SESS
GPSOS
OMPS
ADCS
SARSAT
ERBS
SS
ALT
TSIS
1330
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1730
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
2130
X
X
X
X
X
X
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NPOESS Single Satellite Solution
•
•
Common spacecraft design for all three planes
Common sensors in the same place for efficient integration and re-configuration
Sun
Sun
Sun
1330 LTAN
2130 LTAN
1730 LTAN
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NPOESS Satellite
Satellite has room for growth, but considerations are needed for FOV, area, etc.
GPSOS
GVA
+Xs/c
(VELOCITY
)
+Xs/c
(VELOCITY)
+Xs/c
(VELOCITY)
SMD ANTENNA
CMIS
SARSAT/ADCS
ANTENNA - RX
VIIRS
SESS
BEACON
SS
+Ys/c
(ANTI-SUN)
SS
SESS UV
DISK IMAGER
ADCS
ANTENNA - TX
ATMS
ATMS
1.8m2
(19ft2)
CrIS
CrIS
ERBS
1.8m2
(19ft2)
+Ys/c
(ANTI-SUN)
+Ys/c
(ANTI-SUN)
OMPS
GPSOS
GAVA
LRD
ANTENNA
SESS
LEPS
1330
= Available real estate
SESS EUV
LIMB IMAGER
3.5m2
(38ft2)
HRD
ANTENNA
APS
1730
TSIS
NADIR
S-BAND
2130
SARSAT
ANTENNA - TX
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NPOESS/NPP Data Products
Raw Data Records (RDRs)
Similar to Level 1A for CEOS/NASA.
Environmental Data Records (EDRs)
~ 150 giga bytes per day (similar to Terra or Aqua).
Similar to CEOS/NASA Level 2.
Sensor Data Records (SDRs)
NPP Provides 25 of 55 NPOESS EDRs.
Similar to CEOS/NASA Level 1B
12 Mbps
3 Mbps
CrIS/ATMS
VIIRS
CMIS
SES
GPSOS ERBS
TSIS
ALT
OMPS
APS
Flight on NPP
Flight on NPOESS
Atmospheric Vertical Moisture Profile
Atmospheric Vertical Temp Profile
Imagery
Sea Surface Temperature
Sea Surface Winds
Soil Moisture
Aerosol Optical Thickness
Aerosol Particle Size
Aerosol Refractive Index
Albedo (Surface)
Auroral Boundary
Auroral Energy Deposition
Auroral Imagery
Cloud Base Height
Cloud Cover/Layers
Cloud Effective Particle Size
Cloud Ice Water Path
Cloud Liquid Water
Cloud Optical Thickness
Cloud Particle Size/Distribution
Cloud Top Height
Cloud Top Pressure
Cloud Top Temperature
Downward Longwave Radiance (Sfc)
Downward Shortwave Radiance(Sfc)
Electric Field
Electron Density Profile
Energetic Ions
Geomagnetic Field
Ice Surface Temperature
In-situ Plasma Fluctuations
In-situ Plasma Temperature
Ionospheric Scintillation
Medium Energy Charged Particles
Land Surface Temperature
Net Heat Flux
Net Solar Radiation (TOA)
Neutral Density Profile
Color/Chlorophyll
Ocean Wave Characteristics
Outgoing Longwave Radiation (TOA)
Ozone - Total Column/Profile
Precipitable Water
Precipitation Type/Rate
Pressure (Surface/Profile)
Sea Ice Characterization
Sea Surface Height/Topography
Snow Cover/Depth
Solar Irradiance
Supra-Thermal-Auroral Particles
Surface Type
Wind Stress
Suspended Matter
Total Water Content
Vegetation Index
Environmental Data Records (EDRs) with Key Performance Parameters
VIIRS (23)
CMIS (19)
CrIS/ATMS (3)
OMPS (1)
SES (13)
GPSOS (2)
ERBS (5)
TSIS (1)
ALTIMETER (3)
APS (4)
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
“NAST” Multiplicities
# Sounders
X # Platforms
# Complements
X of
Other Sensors
=
Issues, $
• What is done for NAST/NAST-IER must be
Mission-Driven
- Must plan NAST Missions to be able to consider
NAST-IER
- Not necessarily a “Zero-Sum Gain”
i.e.,
NAST Missions plus NAST-IER Development
/Missions not necessarily a “constant”
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Possible NAST-IER Scenario
•
•
•
•
Ready for NPP Launch (~ early 2007)
Necessary Steps in NAST-IER Development/Shakedown
Implies 4 years of FY Funding, FY04-FY07, at best
What Missions must be accomplished with present system
during this 4-year period ???????
(consistent with “Mission Driven Principle”)
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
ER-2
NPOESS/NPP Airborne Calibration and
Science Validation Program
Proteus
NPP Calibration & Science Validation [IPO,
NASA, NOAA, DoD, DOE, NSF]
Wallops 98
NPP
EOS-Terra (AM)
CAMEX-4 /
CAMEX-3
Pre-CRYSTAL (CrIS, ATMS, VIIRS)
(CERES, MODIS,
CRYSTAL
MOPITT)
NPOESS
(CrIS, ATMS, VIIRS)
Satellite Under Flights of Opportunity
Wintex
Wallops99
CHEM(HIRDLS, MLS, OMI, TES)
EOS-Aqua(PM)
(AIRS, AMSU, CERES, MODIS)
Key:
- past field missions
METOP
(AMSU, GOME, HIRS, IASI, MHS)
Cloud-IOP/
Terra Cal-Val &
CART WV-IOP
CY: 98
99
00
01
02
- near term field missions
- candidate future field
missions
- space-based sensors to be
validated
PICASSO-CENA
CloudSat
EO-3 GIFTS
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
?????
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NPOESS/NPP
Calibration & Science Validation
[Nominal ER-2 Payloads]
NAST-I or S-HIS : Scanning Michelson Interferometer
• 9000 or 4500 Spectral Channels: 3.5 – 16, or 25, microns
• 45 km swath (2.5 km nadir resolution from 65 kft)
“for CrIS”
NAST-M : 16 Channel Microwave Spectrometer
• 50-60 GHz,113 -119, 183 GHz ( 1640-6000 microns)
• 65 km continuous swath (2.5 km resolution from 65 kft)
“for ATMS”
MIR: Millimeter Imaging Radiometer
• 6 Spectral Channels (89, 150, 184, 186, 190, 220 Ghz)
• Spatially Scanning ( 50 km Swath/1.2 km nadir res. from 65 kft)
“for ATMS”
AMPR : Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer
• 4 Channels (10.7, 19.35, 37.1, 85.5 GHz)
“for ATMS/CrIS”
• Spatially Scanning ( 30 Km Swath/0.6-2.8 km res. From 65 kft)
MAS : MODIS Airborne Simulator
• 50 Spectral Channels (0.55 – 14.2 Microns); 25 SW, 25 IR
• Spatially Scanning ( 40 km Swath/50 m res. from 65 kft)
“for VIIRS”
CLS : Cloud LIDAR System
• 2 Spectral Channels (0.532 and 1.064 Microns)
“for Sounders, Clouds &
• Nadir Viewing (20 m horizontal resolution from 65 kft)
Aerosols”
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NPP Calibration & Science Validation
on Proteus
NAST-I : Scanning Michelson Interferometer
• 3.5 - 16 microns (spectral resolution = 0.25 cm-1)
• 45 km 13 element swath (2.5 km resolution from 65 Kft)
NAST-M : 16 Channel Microwave Spectrometer
• 50-60 GHz and 113 -119 GHz ( 2300-6000 microns)
• 65 km continuous swath (2.5 km resolution from 65 Kft)
FIRSC : Far Infrared Michelson Interferometer
• Far IR (75-125 microns & 285-1000 microns @ 0.1 cm-1)
• Nadir along track viewing ( 1.0 km resolution from 65 Kft)
MicroMaps : Gas Filter Correlation Radiometer
• 4.6 micron, CO profiling
• Nadir along track viewing ( 1.0 km resolution from 65 Kft)
Performance:
• Ceiling 65-80 Kft (50.5Kft demonstrated to date)
• Airspeed 300 ktas
• Endurance 22 hrs (15.8 hrs demonstrated to date)
• Operating Altitude: 100 to 65000 ft (Can Profile)
Maximum Payload: > 4500 lbs
Runway Required: 3000 ft by 50 ft
Seats: pilot, co-pilot, and scientist / sensor operator;
cabin pressurized to 7000 ft
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NAST-I Vs Raob, AERI/GOES, Raman LIDAR
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Strawman NAST-IER Mid-IR Requirements
Spectral Limits (SL):  3.5 to  15 m
Spectral Resolution (SR): Selectable from  0.25 to 1.25 cm-1
Field of Regard (FOR):  2 km from 20 km flight altitude
Ground Resolution (GR): Contiguous at  500 meters from 20 km flight
altitude within a single FOR
Cross-track Scan Coverage (CTSC): Selectable from 2.0 km to 20 km,
depending on spectral resolution, from 20 km flight altitude
for an aircraft speed of 400 kts
Along-track Scan Coverage (ATSC): FOR contiguity at 20 km
for an aircraft speed of 400 kts
Noise Equivalent Temperature (NedT): Spectrally random brightness
temperature error  0.25K @ 0.25 cm-1 spectral resolution
within the spectral range of 4.5 to 14 m for a scene temperature
of  260 K
.
Absolute Error (AE): Absolute brightness temperature error  0.5K within the
spectral range of 4.5 to 14 m for scene temperatures
within the 200-300 K range.
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Strawman NAST-IER Mid-IR Requirements (cont.)
Scan Angle Coverag (SAC): Selectable over a range from Zenith
(180) to Horizontal (at either + or - 90) to any combination
of a set of viewing angle steps which together provide
contiguous coverage over a range
from  50 degrees about Nadir (0).
Calibration Sources: Warm Blackbody, Ambient Blackbody,
Zenith Sky View
Lifetime:  10 years through parts replacement over time
Design type: Modular to allow for detector, spatial and spectral
resolution,
and data system upgrades as technology matures throughout
the lifetime of the NASTER
Operational Requirements: Command Uplink/Data Downlink via
over-the-horizon communications
Aircraft Compatibility: ER-2 (20 km), Proteus (17 km),
Global Hawk (20 km), WB-57 (18 km),
and, if feasible, the new SCI space plane “Spaceship 1” (55 km).
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Sensor Specifications/Requirements
[Spectral, Spatial, Temporal, etc]
CrIS
Reqt 1
Reqt 2
Reqt 3
…
Reqt N
NAST-I
NAST-IER
S-HIS
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
“ Let the Discussion Begin ”