L
in
co
ln
Un
i
ve
r
s
i
t
y D
i
g
i
t
a
l D
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion Cop
y
r
i
gh
t S
t
a
temen
t
Th
e
d
i
g
i
t
a
l cop
y
o
f th
i
s
d
i
s
s
e
r
t
a
t
ion i
s
p
ro
te
c
t
ed b
y th
e
Cop
y
r
i
gh
t A
c
t 1994 (N
ew
Z
e
a
l
and
)
.
Th
i
s
d
i
s
s
e
r
t
a
t
ion m
a
y b
e con
su
l
t
ed
b
y you
,
p
ro
v
id
ed you
comp
l
y
w
i
th th
e
p
ro
v
i
s
ion
s o
f th
e
A
c
t and
th
e
fo
l
low
in
g
cond
i
t
ion
s
o
f u
s
e
: 


you
w
i
l
l u
se th
e
cop
y
on
l
y fo
r
th
e
pu
rpo
s
e
s o
f r
e
s
e
a
r
ch
o
r p
r
i
v
a
t
e s
tud
y
you
w
i
l
l r
e
co
gn
i
s
e
the
au
tho
r
'
s
r
i
gh
t
to
b
e id
en
t
i
f
i
ed
a
s
th
e
au
tho
r
o
f th
e
d
i
s
s
e
r
t
a
t
ion and
du
e a
c
know
l
ed
gem
en
t
w
i
l
l b
e m
ad
e to
th
e
au
tho
r
wh
e
r
e app
rop
r
i
a
te
you
w
i
l
l ob
t
a
in th
e
au
tho
r
'
s
p
e
rm
i
s
s
ion b
e
fo
r
e pub
l
i
sh
in
g an
y
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l f
rom
th
e
d
i
s
s
e
r
t
a
t
ion
. S
in
k
o
r
sw
im
?
The
p
l
anne
r
’
s
p
red
i
c
amen
t
in
a
ch
an
g
in
g
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
A
D
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion
subm
i
t
t
ed
in
p
a
r
t
i
a
l
fu
l
f
i
lmen
t
o
f
the
r
equ
i
r
emen
t
s
fo
r
the
De
g
r
e
e
o
f
B
a
che
lo
r
o
f
En
v
i
ronmen
t
a
l
M
an
a
g
emen
t
(Honou
r
s
)
a
t
L
in
co
ln
Un
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
b
y
Ann
a
L
.
Redd
i
sh
L
in
co
ln
Un
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
2015
Ab
s
t
r
a
c
t
o
f
a
D
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion
subm
i
t
t
ed
in
p
a
r
t
i
a
l
fu
l
f
i
lmen
t
o
f
the
r
equ
i
r
emen
t
s
fo
r
the
De
g
r
ee
o
f
B
a
che
lo
r
o
f
En
v
i
ronmen
t
a
l
M
an
a
g
emen
t
(Honou
r
s
)
.
Ab
s
t
r
a
c
t
S
in
k
o
r
sw
im
?
The
p
l
anne
r
’
s
p
red
i
c
amen
t
in
a
ch
an
g
in
g
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
b
y
Ann
a
L
.
Redd
i
sh
The
wo
r
ld
i
s
con
s
t
an
t
l
y
ch
an
g
in
g
.
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
,
New
Ze
al
and
,
h
a
s
re
cen
t
l
y
e
xpe
r
ien
ced
d
r
a
s
t
i
c
ch
an
ge
s
a
f
te
r
e
a
r
thqu
a
ke
s
s
t
ru
c
k
the
c
i
t
y
.
T
he
e
a
r
thqu
a
ke
s
c
au
sed
the
c
i
t
y
to
ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
l
y
sh
a
k
e
,
and
the
l
and
to
s
in
k
in
some
p
l
a
ce
s
and
r
i
se
in
o
the
r
s
.
Now
fu
r
the
r
ch
an
ge
i
s
fo
r
c
a
s
t
and
p
a
r
t
s
o
f
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
cou
ld
be
unde
r
w
a
te
r
b
y
2115
a
c
co
rd
in
g
to
e
xpe
r
t
s
.
C
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
indu
ced
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
i
s
re
co
gn
i
sed
a
s
a
in
te
rn
a
t
ion
a
l
i
s
sue
w
i
th
po
ten
t
i
a
l
imp
a
c
t
s
fo
r
co
a
s
t
a
l
commun
i
t
ie
s
a
l
l
o
ve
r
the
wo
r
ld
.
The
Ch
r
i
s
ch
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
i
s
requ
i
red
to
h
a
ve
a
100
ye
a
r
p
l
ann
in
g
ho
r
i
zon
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
and
th
i
s
me
an
s
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
a
t
le
a
s
t
one
me
te
r
,
an
d
po
s
s
ib
l
y
up
to
two
me
te
r
s
,
o
f
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
b
y
2115
.
Th
i
s
d
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion
in
ve
s
t
i
g
a
te
s
the
p
l
ann
in
g
re
spon
se
to
s
low
on
se
t
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
,
ch
an
ge
,
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
,
u
s
in
g
the
e
x
amp
le
o
f
se
ale
ve
l
r
i
se
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
,
and
i
t
e
x
am
ine
s
the
ro
le
o
f
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
in
th
i
s
.
To
a
ch
ie
ve
th
i
s
,
the
w
a
y
s
in
wh
i
ch
p
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
y
and
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
a
c
know
led
ge
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
,
and
cope
w
i
th
ch
an
ge
,
we
re
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
an
a
l
y
sed
a
lon
g
w
i
th
the
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
’
s
re
spon
se
to
the
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
p
red
i
c
t
ion
s
and
mode
l
l
in
g
.
Se
m
is
t
ru
c
tu
red
in
te
r
v
iew
s
w
i
th
p
ro
fe
s
s
ion
a
l
s
in
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
,
po
l
i
c
y
,
and
p
l
ann
in
g
we
re
condu
c
ted
,
and
the
p
re
v
iou
s
and
p
ropo
sed
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
s
we
re
comp
a
red
.
P
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
p
ro
v
ide
s
an
e
x
ample
o
f
how
p
l
anne
r
s
m
a
y
cope
w
i
th
s
low
on
se
t
ch
an
ge
.
The
re
su
l
t
s
o
f
th
i
s
d
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion
su
g
ge
s
t
s
th
a
t
the
f
a
vou
red
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
fo
r
co
a
s
t
a
l
commun
i
t
ie
s
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
i
s
an
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
,
and
a
t
p
re
sen
t
the
re
i
s
no
s
i
gn
o
f
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
bein
g
emp
lo
yed
.
The
re
su
l
t
s
a
l
so
su
g
ge
s
t
s
u
s
in
g
a
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
ch
th
a
t
in
vo
l
ve
s
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
fo
r
be
s
t
re
su
l
t
s
when
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
ch
an
ge
,
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
o
r
s
low
on
se
t
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
.
Ke
ywo
rd
s
:
p
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
y
,
p
l
ann
in
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
,
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
,
ch
an
ge
,
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
,
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
,
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
,
s
low
on
se
t
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
,
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
,
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
.
i
i
A
c
know
led
gemen
t
s
I
wou
ld
l
i
ke
to
a
c
know
led
ge
tho
se
p
ro
fe
s
s
ion
a
l
s
wo
r
k
in
g
in
the
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
p
l
ann
in
g
sp
a
ce
who
gene
ro
u
s
l
y
g
a
ve
up
the
i
r
t
ime
to
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
te
in
in
te
r
v
iew
s
fo
r
th
i
s
d
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion
.
2015
h
a
s
been
an
e
x
t
reme
l
y
bu
s
y
ye
a
r
fo
r
a
l
l
p
ro
fe
s
s
ion
a
l
s
wo
r
k
in
g
w
i
th
the
P
ropo
sed
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
rch
Rep
l
a
cemen
t
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
,
so
I
am
g
re
a
t
fu
l
to
tho
se
who
ded
i
c
a
ted
the
i
r
t
ime
and
sh
a
red
the
i
r
en
thu
s
i
a
sm
fo
r
th
i
s
d
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion
top
i
c
.
I
wou
ld
l
i
ke
to
e
xp
re
s
s
m
y
g
r
a
t
i
tude
to
m
y
supe
r
v
i
s
io
r
,
D
r
.
Su
z
anne
V
a
l
l
an
ce
,
fo
r
gu
id
in
g
and
en
cou
r
a
g
in
g
me
th
rou
gh
the
re
se
a
r
ch
p
ro
ce
s
s
.
Th
an
k
you
a
l
so
to
fe
l
low
re
se
a
r
ch
s
tuden
t
,
Shon
a
Jowe
t
t
,
fo
r
sh
a
r
in
g
the
d
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion
jou
rne
y
w
i
th
me
.
F
in
a
l
l
y
,
I
wou
ld
l
i
ke
to
th
an
k
m
y
f
r
iend
s
and
f
am
i
l
y
fo
r
the
i
r
suppo
r
t
th
rou
ghou
t
m
y
edu
c
a
t
ion
.
To
a
l
l
the
f
r
iend
s
I
h
a
ve
m
ade
du
r
in
g
m
y
t
ime
a
t
L
in
co
ln
Un
i
ve
r
s
i
t
y
,
th
an
k
you
fo
r
the
l
au
gh
s
and
ad
ven
tu
re
s
th
a
t
w
i
l
l
re
m
a
in
w
i
th
me
fo
r
l
i
fe
.
To
m
y
c
lo
se
s
t
f
r
iend
s
,
th
an
k
you
fo
r
you
r
con
s
t
an
t
en
cou
r
a
gemen
t
and
fo
r
rem
ind
in
g
me
o
f
the
impo
r
t
an
ce
o
f
a
wo
r
kl
i
fe
b
a
l
an
ce
.
The
b
i
g
ge
s
t
th
an
k
s
o
f
a
l
l
mu
s
t
be
e
xp
re
s
sed
to
m
y
b
i
g
ge
s
t
f
an
s
,
m
y
p
a
ren
t
s
,
fo
r
a
lw
a
y
s
be
l
ie
v
in
g
in
me
an
d
suppo
r
t
in
g
me
in
wh
a
te
ve
r
I
do
.
i
i
i
T
ab
le
o
f
Con
ten
t
s
Ab
s
t
ra
c
t
.
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.
i
i
A
c
know
led
gemen
t
s
.
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i
i
i
Tab
le
o
f
Con
ten
t
s
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v
i
i
Chap
te
r
1
In
t
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t
ion
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1
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sue
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2
Chap
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r
2
L
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te
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re
Re
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4
2
.1The
me
s
s
y
,
con
ten
t
iou
s
f
ie
ld
th
a
t
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s
p
l
ann
in
g
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4
2
.1
.1De
f
in
in
g
P
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
y
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4
2
.1
.2Wh
a
t
i
s
p
l
ann
in
g
me
an
t
to
a
ch
ie
ve
?
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5
2
.1
.3P
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
in
P
l
ann
in
g
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10
2
.1
.4P
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
Ch
an
ge
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12
2
.2D
i
s
a
s
te
r
m
an
a
gemen
t
and
p
l
ann
in
g
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14
2
.2
.1D
i
s
a
s
te
r
R
i
s
k
Redu
c
t
ion
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15
2
.2
.2C
l
im
a
te
Ch
an
ge
Ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
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19
2
.2
.3S
im
i
l
a
r
i
t
ie
s
and
d
i
f
fe
ren
ce
s
be
tween
DRR
and
CCA
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20
2
.2
.4In
te
g
r
a
t
ion
o
f
DRR
and
CCA
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20
2
.3Co
a
s
t
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
and
R
i
s
k
M
an
a
gemen
t
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21
2
.3
.1M
an
a
ged
Re
t
re
a
t
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22
2
.3
.2S
t
r
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g
i
c
Ad
ap
t
a
t
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26
2
.4C
a
se
S
tud
ie
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27
2
.4
.1G
r
an
th
am
,
Queen
s
l
and
,
Au
s
t
r
a
l
i
a
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27
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.4
.2We
l
l
in
g
ton
,
New
Ze
a
l
and
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28
2
.5L
i
te
r
a
tu
re
Re
v
iew
Summ
a
r
y
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30
Chap
te
r
3
New
Zea
l
and
Le
g
i
s
l
a
t
ion
Re
v
iew
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31
3
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3
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32
Chap
te
r
4
Con
te
x
t
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
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ch
Chan
g
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34
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te
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5
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36
5
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36
5
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a
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t
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t
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ve
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ch
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thod
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36
5
.2
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te
r
a
tu
re
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a
sed
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37
5
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a
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37
5
.2
.3C
a
se
S
tud
y
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se
a
r
ch
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38
5
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cond
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r
y
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39
5
.3D
a
t
a
An
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l
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39
Chap
te
r
6
Re
su
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t
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40
i
v
6
.1Re
spon
se
to
the
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
Repo
r
t
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40
6
.2P
l
ann
in
g
op
t
ion
s
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
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43
6
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ro
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43
6
.2
.2M
an
a
ged
Re
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re
a
t
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44
6
.2
.3Ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
o
r
a
m
i
xed
app
ro
a
ch
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46
6
.2
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48
6
.3P
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
the
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
o
f
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
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52
6
.4Summ
a
r
y
o
f
ke
y
re
se
a
r
ch
f
ind
in
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54
Chap
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r
7
D
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56
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.
.
56
7
.2A
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
ch
fo
r
ch
an
ge
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56
7
.3Le
ve
l
o
f
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
in
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
ch
an
ge
.
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60
7
.3
.1Nons
t
a
tu
to
r
y
app
ro
a
che
s
no
t
g
i
ven
enou
gh
c
red
i
t
in
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
ch
an
ge
.
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62
7
.4Con
c
lu
s
ion
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63
Chap
te
r
8
Con
c
lu
s
ion
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65
Append
i
x
A
New
Zea
l
and
Le
g
i
s
l
a
t
ion
.
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72
8
.1Re
sou
r
ce
M
an
a
gemen
t
A
c
t
1991
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72
8
.2New
Ze
a
l
and
Co
a
s
t
a
l
Po
l
i
c
y
S
t
a
temen
t
2010
.
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72
8
.3C
an
te
rbu
r
y
Re
g
ion
a
l
Po
l
i
c
y
S
t
a
temen
t
2013
.
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73
8
.4C
an
te
rbu
r
y
Re
g
ion
a
l
Co
a
s
t
a
l
En
v
i
ronmen
t
P
l
an
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74
8
.5C
i
v
i
l
De
fen
ce
and
Eme
r
gen
c
y
M
an
a
gemen
t
A
c
t
2002
.
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75
8
.6Bu
i
ld
in
g
A
c
t
2004
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.
76
8
.7Lo
c
a
l
Go
ve
rnmen
t
and
O
f
f
i
c
i
a
l
In
fo
rm
a
t
ion
and
Mee
t
in
g
s
A
c
t
1987
.
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76
Re
fe
ren
ce
s
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.
E
r
ro
r
!
Boo
km
a
r
k
no
t
de
f
ined
.
v
L
i
s
t
o
f
T
ab
le
s
T
ab
le
1
:
Summ
a
r
y
o
f
how
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
che
s
in
co
rpo
r
a
te
ch
an
ge
and
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13
T
ab
le
2
:
P
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
che
s
and
the
i
r
pe
r
cep
t
ion
o
f
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
a
s
e
xemp
l
i
f
ied
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
57
T
ab
le
3
:
P
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
che
s
and
the
i
r
le
ve
l
o
f
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
a
s
e
xemp
l
i
f
ied
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
.
.
60
v
i
L
i
s
t
o
f
F
i
gu
re
s
F
i
gu
re
1
:
L
adde
r
o
f
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
(A
rn
s
te
in
,
1969
)………………………………………………………………11
F
i
gu
re
2
:
Ro
adm
ap
to
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
(G
a
i
l
l
a
rd
&
Me
r
ce
r
,
2012
)
………………………………………
.16
F
i
gu
re
3
:
Gene
r
a
l
ch
a
r
a
c
te
r
i
s
a
t
ion
o
f
the
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
and
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
commun
i
t
ie
s
(
Thom
a
l
l
a
e
t
a
l
.
,
2006
)
…………………………………………………
…………
.
.20
F
i
gu
re
4
:
New
Ze
a
l
and
’
s
le
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
ve
f
r
amewo
r
k
fo
r
m
an
a
g
in
g
h
a
z
a
rd
s
(G
l
a
vo
v
i
c
e
t
a
l
.
,
2010
and
S
aunde
r
s
e
t
a
l
.
,
2011
in
L
an
g
r
i
gde
&
Beb
an
,
2011
)
………………………………………………
.31
F
i
gu
re
5
:
P
l
a
nn
in
g
f
r
amewo
r
k
unde
r
the
RMA
fo
r
the
co
a
s
t
a
l
en
v
i
ronmen
t
(M
in
i
s
t
r
y
fo
r
the
En
v
i
ronmen
t
,
2008
)
…………………………
.
.……………………………….
.
………………………………
.32
F
i
gu
re
6:
P
ro
te
c
t
i
ve
se
a
w
a
l
l
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
a
lon
g
The
E
sp
l
an
ade
,
Sumne
r
,
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
(
Sou
r
ce
:
Au
tho
r
)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………43
v
i
i
Ch
ap
te
r
1
In
t
rodu
c
t
ion
We
l
i
ve
in
a
wo
r
ld
th
a
t
i
s
con
s
t
an
t
l
y
ch
an
g
in
g
,
sh
i
f
t
in
g
,
ad
ap
t
in
g
and
e
vo
l
v
in
g
.
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
,
New
Ze
a
l
and
,
h
a
s
re
cen
t
l
y
e
xpe
r
ien
ced
d
r
a
s
t
i
c
ch
an
ge
s
a
f
te
r
e
a
r
thqu
a
ke
s
s
t
ru
c
k
the
c
i
t
y
.
T
he
e
a
r
thqu
a
ke
s
c
au
s
ed
the
c
i
t
y
to
ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
l
y
sh
a
ke
;
de
s
t
ro
y
in
g
home
s
and
bu
s
ine
s
s
and
t
r
a
g
i
c
a
l
l
y
t
a
k
in
g
l
i
ve
s
.
L
ique
f
a
c
t
ion
bubb
led
to
the
su
r
f
a
ce
and
the
l
and
a
l
so
t
i
l
t
ed
;
s
in
k
in
g
in
some
p
l
a
ce
s
and
r
i
s
in
g
in
o
the
r
s
.
Now
fu
r
the
r
ch
an
ge
i
s
fo
r
c
a
s
t
fo
r
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
and
pa
r
t
s
o
f
the
c
i
t
y
cou
ld
be
unde
r
w
a
te
r
b
y
2115
a
c
co
rd
in
g
to
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
p
red
i
c
t
ion
s
.
“
S
ea
l
e
v
e
l
r
i
s
e
i
s
an
in
e
v
i
tab
l
e
con
s
equ
en
c
e
o
f
a
wa
rm
ing
wo
r
ld
and
w
i
l
l
con
t
inu
e
long
a
f
t
e
r
g
loba
l
a
v
e
rag
e
t
emp
e
ra
tu
r
es
ma
y
ha
v
e
b
e
en
s
tab
i
l
i
s
ed
.
Non
e
th
e
l
e
s
s
,
p
lann
ing
fo
r
s
ea
l
e
v
e
l
r
i
s
e
i
s
d
i
f
f
i
cu
l
t
b
e
cau
s
e
no
p
ra
c
t
i
ca
l
upp
e
r
bound
fo
r
s
ea
l
e
v
e
l
r
i
s
e
o
v
e
r
th
e
tw
en
t
y
f
i
r
s
t
c
en
tu
r
y
can
b
e
g
i
v
en
a
t
p
r
e
s
en
t…
D
e
c
i
s
ion
s
on
how
to
manag
e
c
l
ima
t
e
r
e
la
t
ed
coa
s
ta
l
ha
za
rd
s
,
th
e
r
e
fo
r
e
,
ha
v
e
to
r
ema
in
r
e
spon
s
i
v
e
no
t
on
l
y
to
chang
ing
so
c
i
e
ta
l
and
en
v
i
ronm
en
ta
l
p
r
e
s
su
r
e
s
bu
t
a
l
so
to
n
ew
in
fo
rma
t
ion
abou
t
fu
tu
r
e
r
i
s
k
s
”
(R
e
i
s
ing
e
r
,
Law
r
en
c
e
,
Ha
r
t
&
Chapman
,
2015
,
p
.
285
286)
.
Se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
c
an
be
iden
t
i
f
ied
a
s
a
s
low
on
se
t
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
.
A
s
oppo
sed
to
r
ap
id
on
se
t
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
th
a
t
h
appen
w
i
th
no
w
a
rn
in
g
,
s
low
on
se
t
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
o
c
cu
r
s
low
l
y
,
o
ve
r
a
longe
r
pe
r
iod
o
f
t
ime
,
bu
t
s
t
i
l
l
mu
s
t
be
con
s
ide
red
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
be
c
au
se
o
f
the
de
v
a
s
t
a
t
ion
the
y
c
an
c
au
se
.
The
g
r
adu
a
l
ch
an
ges
o
ve
r
a
s
i
gn
i
f
i
c
an
t
pe
r
iod
o
f
t
ime
c
an
po
ten
t
i
a
l
l
y
h
a
ve
d
am
a
g
in
g
e
f
fe
c
t
s
fo
r
vu
lne
r
ab
le
commun
i
t
ie
s
in
the
lon
g
te
rm
.
P
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
s
low
on
se
t
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
now
c
an
redu
ce
the
r
i
s
k
fo
r
the
se
e
f
fe
c
ted
commun
i
t
ie
s
and
m
a
ke
them
mo
re
re
s
i
l
ien
t
to
ch
an
ge
s
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
ie
s
.
P
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
y
and
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
h
a
s
de
ve
loped
o
ve
r
i
t
s
h
is
to
r
y
,
to
be
mo
re
a
c
cep
t
in
g
o
f
ch
an
ge
s
th
a
t
m
a
y
o
c
cu
r
in
the
en
v
i
ronmen
t,
and
a
c
know
led
ge
th
a
t
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
c
anno
t
be
gu
a
r
an
teed
.
Bu
t
no
s
in
g
le
theo
r
y
o
r
app
ro
a
ch
to
p
l
ann
in
g
h
a
s
e
ve
r
been
e
s
t
ab
l
i
shed
.
Th
i
s
m
a
y
be
me
s
s
y
and
con
fu
s
in
g
fo
r
p
l
anne
r
s
,
o
r
i
t
m
a
y
gi
ve
them
the
f
le
x
ib
i
l
i
t
y
to
app
l
y
an
app
ro
a
ch
th
a
t
be
s
t
su
i
t
s
the
commun
i
t
y
the
y
a
re
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
and
w
i
th
.
To
add
to
the
v
a
s
t
repe
r
to
i
re
o
f
the
p
l
anne
r
,
the
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
f
ie
ld
h
a
s
e
xp
loded
in
re
cen
t
ye
a
r
s
.
P
ro
g
r
amme
s
,
m
an
y
o
f
wh
i
ch
a
re
non
s
t
a
t
u
to
r
y
,
su
ch
a
s
the
H
yo
go
F
r
amewo
r
k
fo
r
A
c
t
ion
,
h
a
ve
be
gun
to
eme
r
ge
;
a
im
in
g
to
in
c
re
a
se
the
re
s
i
l
ien
ce
o
f
commun
i
t
ie
s
and
n
a
t
ion
s
to
di
s
a
s
te
r
s
.
The
re
i
s
no
one
w
a
y
to
p
l
an
fo
r
ch
an
ge
,
howe
ve
r
be
g
inn
in
g
p
l
ann
in
g
now
c
an
redu
ce
the
r
i
s
k
fo
r
vu
lne
r
ab
le
commun
i
t
ie
s
.
1
1
.1 The
i
s
sue
P
a
r
t
s
o
f
co
a
s
t
a
l
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
cou
ld
be
inund
a
ted
b
y
se
a
w
a
te
r
b
y
2115
i
f
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
e
ven
tu
a
te
s
to
the
p
red
i
c
ted
le
ve
l
s
.
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
(2013
)
h
a
ve
p
red
i
c
ted
a
one
me
te
r
r
i
se
in
se
a
le
ve
l
in
the
ne
x
t
100
ye
a
r
s
,
w
i
th
the
po
s
s
ib
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
up
to
two
me
te
r
s
o
f
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
in
some
a
re
a
s.
The
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
i
s
requ
i
red
to
p
l
an
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
o
ve
r
the
ne
x
t
100
ye
a
r
s
unde
r
the
New
Ze
a
l
and
Co
a
s
t
a
l
Po
l
i
c
y
S
t
a
temen
t
(N
ZCP
S
)
2010
.
The
y
a
re
u
s
in
g
Ton
k
i
n
and
T
a
y
lo
r’
s
p
red
i
c
t
ion
s
and
mode
l
l
in
g
to
p
l
an
fo
r
the
e
xpe
c
ted
imp
a
c
t
s
o
f
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
on
commun
i
t
ie
s
.
Th
i
s
in
c
lude
s
u
s
in
g
th
i
s
new
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
to
upd
a
te
the
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
p
l
ann
in
g
p
ro
v
i
s
ion
s
in
the
P
ropo
sed
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
Rep
l
a
cemen
t
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an,
w
h
i
ch
,
in
2015
h
a
s
been
go
in
g
th
rou
gh
a
f
a
s
t
t
r
a
c
ked
d
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
p
l
an
re
v
iew
p
ro
ce
s
s
unde
r
the
C
an
te
rbu
r
y
E
a
r
thqu
a
ke
Re
spon
se
and
Re
co
ve
r
y
A
c
t
2010
.
The
C
h
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
pu
t
h
a
z
a
rd
zone
s
on
the
p
l
ann
in
g
m
ap
s
and
h
a
z
a
rd
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
on
L
and
In
fo
rm
a
t
ion
Memo
r
and
a
.
Howe
ve
r
the
re
w
a
s
hu
ge
pub
l
i
c
d
i
s
s
a
t
i
s
f
a
c
t
ion
abou
t
th
i
s
new
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
and
abou
t
the
Coun
c
i
l
’
s
re
spon
se
.
A
s
a
re
su
l
t
,
the
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
ch
ap
te
r
w
a
s
remo
ved
f
rom
the
P
ropo
sed
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
Repl
a
cemen
t
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
in
Sep
tembe
r
2015
,
and
i
t
w
i
l
l
be
re
v
iewed
ou
t
s
ide
o
f
the
f
a
s
tt
r
a
c
ked
d
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
p
l
an
re
v
iew
p
ro
ce
s
s
,
unde
r
a
no
rm
a
l
Re
sou
r
ce
M
an
a
gemen
t
A
c
t
1991
p
ro
ce
s
s
in
20161.
The
man
a
gemen
t
o
f
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
i
s
d
i
f
f
i
cu
l
t
,
no
t
on
l
y
be
c
au
se
o
f
the
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
ie
s
su
r
round
in
g
the
s
c
a
le
and
m
a
gn
i
tude
o
f
the
i
s
sue
,
bu
t
a
l
so
be
c
au
se
the
co
a
s
t
i
s
a
v
a
lued
en
v
i
ronmen
t
fo
r
m
an
y
.
P
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
r
i
se
i
s
the
re
fo
re
a
con
ten
iou
s
and
emo
t
i
ve
i
s
sue
.
P
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
ch
an
ge
i
s
c
le
a
r
l
y
no
t
e
a
s
y
,
howe
ve
r
le
s
son
s
c
an
be
le
a
rned
f
rom
the
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
e
x
amp
le
.
Th
i
s
d
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion
a
imed
to
in
ve
s
t
i
g
a
te
p
l
ann
in
g
re
spon
se
to
s
low
on
se
t
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
,
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
u
s
in
g
the
e
x
amp
le
o
f
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
.
To
add
re
s
s
th
i
s
a
im
p
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
y
and
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
w
a
s
an
a
l
y
sed
in
l
i
gh
t
o
f
how
i
t
cope
s
,
o
r
f
a
i
l
s
to
cope
,
w
i
th
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
.
Th
i
s
d
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion
a
l
so
in
ve
s
t
i
g
a
ted
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
’
s
re
spon
se
to
the
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
p
red
i
c
t
ions
in
re
l
a
t
ion
to
how
the
y
in
tend
to
p
l
an
fo
r
th
i
s
ch
an
ge
and
e
f
fe
c
t
i
v
el
y
redu
ce
the
vu
lne
r
ab
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
commun
i
t
ie
s
to
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
.
Th
e
s
cope
o
f
th
i
s
re
se
a
r
ch
d
id
no
t
co
ve
r
the
s
c
ien
ce
beh
ind
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
indu
ced
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
o
r
the
me
ch
an
i
c
s
o
f
co
a
s
t
a
l
p
ro
ce
s
s
l
i
ke
inund
a
t
ion
o
r
e
ro
s
ion
.
Se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
h
a
s
been
iden
t
i
f
ied
a
s
a
po
ten
t
i
a
l
g
lob
a
l
i
s
sue
,
an
un
ce
r
t
a
in
one
a
t
th
a
t
,
bu
t
one
th
a
t
i
s
h
appen
in
g,
and
w
i
l
l
con
t
inue
to
h
appen.
The
re
fo
re
th
i
s
d
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion
fo
cu
sed
on
how
lo
c
a
l
au
tho
r
i
t
ie
s
c
an
p
l
an
fo
r
th
a
t
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
,
1
Th
i
s
d
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion
h
a
s
been
comp
le
ted
wh
i
l
s
t
the
d
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
p
l
an
re
v
iew
p
ro
ce
s
s
h
a
s
been
l
i
ve
.
I
t
i
s
i
ron
i
c
th
a
t
th
i
s
d
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion,
on
p
l
ann
in
g
in
a
ch
an
g
in
g
en
v
i
ronmen
t,
h
a
s
been
sub
je
c
t
to
i
t
s
own
p
rob
lem
.
Howe
ve
r
,
i
t
doe
s
p
ro
ve
the
re
le
v
an
ce
o
f
th
i
s
re
se
a
r
ch
and
emph
a
s
i
se
s
how
impe
r
a
t
i
ve
i
t
i
s
th
a
t
p
l
ann
in
g
re
co
gn
i
se
s
and
a
c
commod
a
te
s
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
.
2
and
i
f
i
t
doe
s
e
ven
tu
a
te
to
the
le
ve
l
s
th
a
t
a
re
p
red
i
c
ted
,
how
to
sen
s
ib
l
y
p
l
an
to
p
reemp
t
and
a
vo
id
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
.
Th
i
s
d
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion
f
i
r
s
t
l
y
d
i
s
cu
s
se
s
the
a
r
gumen
t
s
in
the
cu
r
ren
t
l
i
te
r
a
tu
re
abou
t
the
me
s
s
y
and
con
ten
t
i
ou
s
f
ie
ld
th
a
t
i
s
p
l
ann
in
g
;
how
p
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
ie
s
and
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
s
a
c
kn
ow
led
ge
ch
an
ge
and
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
;
the
re
a
son
ab
l
y
new
f
ie
ld
o
f
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
;
and
the
bene
f
i
t
s
and
ch
a
l
len
ge
s
o
f
co
a
s
t
a
l
m
an
a
gemen
t
app
ro
a
che
s
.
Then
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
’
s
ch
an
g
in
g
en
v
i
ronm
en
t
w
i
l
l
be
de
s
c
r
ibed
.
Fo
l
low
in
g
th
a
t
,
the
qu
a
l
i
t
a
t
i
ve
re
se
a
r
ch
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
,
in
c
lud
in
g
the
u
se
o
f
sem
i
s
t
ru
c
tu
red
in
te
r
v
iew
s
and
comp
a
r
a
t
i
ve
do
cu
men
t
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
,
w
i
l
l
be
e
xp
l
a
ined.
Ne
x
t
,
the
re
se
a
r
ch
f
ind
in
g
s
w
i
l
l
de
s
c
r
ibe
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
’
s
p
l
ann
in
g
re
spon
se
to
ch
an
ge
.
F
in
a
l
l
y
,
the
se
re
su
l
t
s
w
i
l
l
be
d
i
s
cu
s
sed
in
l
i
gh
t
o
f
the
iden
t
i
f
ied
l
i
te
r
a
r
y
a
r
gumen
t
s
abou
t
how
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
che
s
a
c
know
led
ge
ch
an
ge
,
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
and
the
ro
le
o
f
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
in
p
l
ann
in
g
.
3
Ch
ap
te
r
2
L
i
te
r
a
tu
re
Re
v
iew
Th
i
s
l
i
te
r
a
tu
re
re
v
iew
con
t
a
in
s
fou
r
se
c
t
ion
s
.
The
f
i
r
s
t
se
c
t
ion
co
ve
r
s
the
h
i
s
to
r
y
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
y
and
how
ch
an
ge
,
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
and
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
ion
h
a
ve
been
a
c
know
led
ged
in
theo
r
y
and
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce.
The
se
cond
se
c
t
ion
de
s
c
r
ibe
s
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
m
an
a
gemen
t
and
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
che
s
,
n
ame
l
y
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
reduc
t
ion
and
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
.
The
th
i
rd
se
c
t
ion
o
f
the
l
i
te
r
a
tu
re
re
v
iew
w
i
l
l
d
i
s
cu
s
s
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
a
s
a
co
a
s
t
a
l
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
.
F
in
a
l
l
y
,
two
c
a
se
s
tud
ie
s
w
i
l
l
be
de
s
c
r
ibed
to
g
i
ve
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
unde
r
s
t
and
in
g
to
the
theo
re
t
i
c
a
l
deb
a
te
s
.
2
.1 The
me
s
s
y
,
con
ten
t
iou
s
f
ie
ld
th
a
t
i
s
p
l
ann
in
g
Th
i
s
f
i
r
s
t
se
c
t
ion
iden
t
i
f
ie
s
how
de
c
ade
s
wo
r
th
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
l
i
te
r
a
tu
re
de
f
ined
p
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
y
and
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
.
Th
rou
gh
th
i
s
p
l
ann
in
g
l
i
te
r
a
tu
re
,
the
h
i
s
to
r
y
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
and
wh
a
t
i
t
i
s
me
an
t
to
a
ch
ie
ve
be
come
s
c
le
a
r
.
To
a
vo
id
repe
a
t
in
g
some
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
’
s
fundamen
t
a
l
theo
r
y
and
h
i
s
to
r
y
te
x
t
s
,
su
ch
a
s
F
a
lud
i
’
s
1973
re
ade
r
,
th
i
s
a
c
coun
t
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
h
i
s
to
r
y
and
theo
r
y
a
im
s
to
fo
cu
s
on
wh
a
t
p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
me
an
t
to
a
ch
ie
ve
and
how
su
c
ce
s
s
fu
l
l
y
i
t
cope
s
w
i
th
ch
an
ge
.
2
.1
.1 De
f
in
in
g
P
lann
in
g
theo
r
y
I
f
an
y
th
in
g
i
s
c
le
a
r
w
i
th
in
p
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
y
,
i
t
i
s
th
a
t
the
re
i
s
no
s
in
g
le
theo
r
y
in
p
l
ann
in
g
.
To
de
f
ine
p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
d
i
f
f
i
cu
l
t
(Keeb
le
,
1959
)
,
and
to
con
f
ine
i
t
to
a
s
in
g
le
de
f
in
i
t
ion
i
s
t
re
a
che
rou
s
(B
rown
&
She
r
r
a
rd
,
1951
)
.
C
ampbe
l
l
&
F
a
in
s
te
in
(2003
)
c
a
l
led
p
l
ann
in
g
“
an
e
lu
s
i
ve
sub
je
c
t
o
f
s
tud
y
”
(p
.
1
)
th
a
t
doe
s
no
t
h
a
ve
a
s
in
g
le
de
f
in
in
g
p
a
r
ad
i
gm
and
i
s
in
f
luen
ced
b
y
m
an
y
d
i
ve
r
se
d
i
s
c
ip
l
ine
s
.
Thomp
son
(2012
)
,
que
s
t
ioned
i
f
i
t
i
s
“be
c
au
se
the
theo
r
y
and
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
eme
r
ge
d
f
ro
m
se
ve
r
a
l
d
i
s
c
ip
l
in
a
r
y
a
re
a
s
and
h
a
ve
e
vo
l
ved
f
rom
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
so
c
ipo
l
i
t
i
c
a
l
,
e
conom
i
c
and
h
i
s
to
r
i
c
a
l
con
te
x
t
s
”
(p
.
12
)
,
th
a
t
the
p
rob
lem
o
f
de
f
in
in
g
p
l
ann
in
g
e
x
i
s
t
s
.
The
d
i
f
f
i
cu
l
t
y
in
de
f
in
in
g
p
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
y
h
a
s
fou
r
ke
y
e
xp
l
an
a
t
ion
s
a
c
co
rd
in
g
to
C
ampbe
ll
and
F
a
in
s
te
in
(2003
)
.
F
i
r
s
t
l
y
,
fund
amen
t
a
l
con
ce
rn
s
w
i
th
p
l
ann
in
g
a
re
embedded
w
i
th
in
the
de
c
i
s
i
ve
ro
le
o
f
the
s
t
a
te
in
so
c
i
a
l
and
sp
a
t
i
a
l
ch
an
ge
.
Se
cond
l
y
,
the
re
i
s
no
t
an
e
x
c
lu
s
i
ve
bound
a
r
y
be
tween
p
l
anne
r
s
and
nonp
l
anne
r
s
;
“p
l
anne
r
s
don
’
t
ju
s
t
p
l
an
,
and
non
p
l
anne
r
s
a
l
so
p
l
an
”
(C
ampbe
l
l
&
F
a
in
s
te
in
,
2003
,
p
.
2
)
.
Th
i
rd
l
y
,
p
l
ann
in
g
h
a
s
two
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
se
t
s
o
f
theo
re
c
t
i
c
a
l
que
s
t
ion
s
and
p
r
io
r
i
t
ie
s
be
c
au
se
the
re
a
re
tho
se
who
de
f
ine
the
f
ie
ld
b
y
ob
je
c
t
(n
a
tu
r
a
l
and
bu
i
l
t
en
v
i
ronmen
t
)
and
tho
se
who
de
f
ine
b
y
i
t
me
thod
(de
c
i
s
ionm
a
k
in
g
p
ro
ce
s
s
)
.
F
in
a
l
l
y
,
i
t
s
me
thodo
lo
g
ie
s
a
re
d
i
ve
r
se
and
t
a
ken
4
f
rom
a
r
an
ge
o
f
d
i
s
c
ip
l
ine
s
m
a
k
in
g
the
theo
re
c
t
i
c
a
l
b
a
se
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
h
a
rd
to
de
te
rm
ine
f
rom
i
t
s
an
a
l
y
t
i
c
a
l
too
l
s
.
A
s
a
re
su
l
t
o
f
the
ab
s
t
r
a
c
t
ch
a
r
a
c
te
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
o
f
p
l
ann
ing
theo
r
y
,
the
re
a
re
d
i
s
a
g
reemen
t
s
o
ve
r
bo
th
s
cope
and
fun
c
t
ion
in
the
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
,
me
an
in
g
some
p
l
anne
r
s
d
i
s
re
g
a
rd
i
t
(C
ampbe
l
l
&
F
a
in
s
te
in
,
2003
)
.
A
l
lmend
in
ge
r
(2009
)
iden
t
i
f
ied
th
i
s
theo
r
y
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
g
ap
,
l
i
ken
in
g
i
t
to
a
b
a
t
t
le
g
round
;
“
a
b
a
t
t
le
ove
r
the
c
re
a
t
ion
o
f
know
led
ge
and
theo
r
y
,
a
b
a
t
t
le
o
ve
r
the
d
i
s
t
r
ibu
t
ion
and
(m
i
s
)u
se
o
f
powe
r
,
and
a
b
a
t
t
le
o
ve
r
the
t
r
an
s
l
a
t
ion
o
f
theo
r
y
in
to
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
”
(p
.
25
)
.
Wh
i
le
some
,
l
i
ke
W
a
t
son
(2008
)
,
G
l
a
s
s
(1959
)
and
Re
ade
(1987
)
,
we
re
con
ce
rned
abou
t
the
re
bein
g
a
l
a
c
k
o
f
cohe
s
ion
be
tween
p
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
y
and
con
te
x
tu
a
l
i
sed
p
l
ann
in
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
s
(
in
A
l
lmend
in
ge
r
,
2009
,
p
.
24
)
,
o
the
r
s
,
l
i
ke
A
le
x
ande
r
(1997
)
,
que
s
t
ioned
whe
the
r
the
e
x
i
s
ten
ce
o
f
the
theo
r
yp
r
a
c
t
i
ce
g
ap
i
s
su
ch
a
bu
rden
.
A
le
x
ande
r
(1997
)
a
r
gued
th
a
t
it
a
l
lowed
p
r
a
c
t
i
t
ione
r
s
to
‘p
i
c
k
and
choo
se
’
theo
r
ie
s
,
u
s
in
g
the
d
i
ve
r
s
i
t
y
and
abund
an
ce
o
f
theo
r
ie
s
to
the
i
r
ad
v
an
t
a
ge
.
Wh
a
t
p
l
anne
r
s
‘do
’
in
th
i
s
a
l
re
ad
y
fo
g
g
in
g
f
ie
ld
i
s
rede
f
ined
w
i
th
e
ve
r
y
new
theo
r
y
th
a
t
eme
r
ge
s
(
S
ande
r
co
c
k
,
1998
)
.
De
sp
i
te
the
con
te
n
t
iou
s
re
a
lm
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
y
and
the
ab
sen
ce
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
p
l
ann
in
g
p
a
r
ad
i
gm
in
p
l
ann
in
g
l
i
te
r
a
tu
re
,
Thomp
son
(2012
)
s
t
a
ted
th
a
t
the
theo
re
c
t
i
c
a
l
e
vou
l
t
ion
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
s
t
i
l
l
impo
r
t
an
t
to
unde
r
s
t
and
in
g
the
con
tempo
r
a
r
y
n
a
tu
re
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
.
I
t
’
s
d
i
ve
r
s
i
t
y
and
f
le
x
ib
i
l
i
t
y
m
a
y
a
l
low
p
l
ann
in
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
to
cope
be
t
te
r
w
i
th
the
ch
an
g
in
g
wo
r
ld
.
2
.1
.2 Wh
a
t
i
s
p
l
ann
in
g
me
an
t
to
a
ch
ie
ve
?
The
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
p
l
ann
in
g
p
a
r
ad
i
gm
s
h
a
ve
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
imp
lemen
t
a
t
ion
me
thod
s
and
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
go
a
l
s
.
Cen
tu
r
y
and
b
rou
gh
t
w
i
th
i
t
a
deepe
r
P
l
ann
in
g
in
i
t
i
a
l
l
y
c
ame
ou
t
o
f
the
En
l
i
gh
tenmen
t
o
f
the
18th
s
c
ien
t
i
f
i
c
unde
r
s
t
and
in
g
o
f
how
to
con
t
ro
l
the
en
v
i
ronmen
t
to
the
hum
an
ad
v
an
t
a
ge
(
T
a
y
lo
r
,
1998
)
.
The
a
im
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
w
a
s
to
con
t
ro
l
the
ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
en
v
i
ronmen
t
to
imp
ro
ve
the
qu
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
hum
an
l
i
fe
.
“P
l
ann
in
g
i
s
in
te
r
ven
t
ion
w
i
th
an
in
ten
t
ion
to
a
l
te
r
the
e
x
i
s
t
in
g
cou
r
se
o
f
e
ven
t
s
”
(C
ampbe
l
l
&
F
a
in
s
te
in
,
2003
,
p
.
6
)
.
O
r
i
g
in
a
l
l
y
th
i
s
in
te
r
ven
t
ion
w
a
s
o
f
a
ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
n
a
tu
re
;
fo
cu
s
in
g
on
the
fo
rm
and
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
o
f
se
t
t
lemen
t
s
.
C
ampbe
l
l
and
F
a
in
s
te
in
(19
96
),
and
Thomp
son
(2012
)
,
a
r
gued
th
a
t
p
l
ann
in
g
eme
r
ged
f
rom
the
g
a
rden
c
i
t
y
mo
vemen
t
,
the
c
i
t
y
be
au
t
i
fu
l
mo
vemen
t
and
pub
l
i
c
he
a
l
th
re
fo
rm
s
a
t
the
be
g
inn
in
g
o
f
th
Cen
tu
r
y
.
D
r
aw
in
g
on
the
en
g
inee
r
in
g
and
a
r
ch
i
te
c
tu
re
p
ro
fe
s
s
ion
s
,
and
in
f
luen
ced
he
a
v
i
ly
b
y
the
19
the
r
a
t
ion
a
l
and
fun
c
t
ion
a
l
emph
a
s
i
s
o
f
mode
rn
i
s
t
thou
gh
t
,
e
a
r
l
y
p
l
ann
in
g
w
a
s
con
ce
rned
w
i
th
the
ab
i
l
i
t
y
to
c
re
a
te
and
con
t
ro
l
the
ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
en
v
i
ronmen
t
.
P
l
ann
in
g
a
s
an
ae
s
the
t
i
c
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
,
w
a
s
de
f
ined
b
y
Keeb
le
(1959
)
a
s,
“
the
a
r
t
and
s
c
ien
ce
o
f
o
rde
r
i
n
g
the
u
se
o
f
l
and
and
the
ch
a
r
a
c
te
r
and
s
i
t
t
in
g
o
f
bu
i
ld
in
g
s…
to
se
cu
re
the
m
a
x
imum…
de
g
ree
o
f
e
conom
y
,
con
ven
ien
ce
and
be
au
t
y
”
(p
.
9
)
.
5
The
mode
rn
i
s
t
de
s
i
re
to
“
r
a
t
ion
a
l
l
y
o
rde
r
and
con
t
ro
l
l
andu
se
and
de
ve
lopmen
t
”
(
Thomp
son
,
2012
,
p
,
15
)
,
to
a
ch
ie
ve
a
comp
rehen
s
i
ve
v
i
s
ion
w
a
s
t
yp
i
c
a
l
l
y
a
ch
ie
ved
th
rou
gh
l
and
u
se
zon
in
g
and
m
a
s
te
r
p
l
ann
in
g
.
M
a
s
te
r
p
l
an
s
too
k
in
to
a
c
coun
t
fun
c
t
ion
,
a
s
we
l
l
a
s
e
conom
i
c
a
spe
c
t
s
o
f
the
u
rb
an
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
ie
s
and
the
i
r
re
l
a
t
ion
sh
ip
w
i
th
ae
s
the
t
i
c
s
and
sp
a
t
i
a
l
de
s
i
gn
(Be
au
re
g
a
rd
,
198
9
)
.
“M
a
s
te
r
p
l
anne
r
s…
o
f
ten
w
an
ted
to
see
them
se
l
ve
s
a
s
a
k
ind
o
f
supe
rm
an
,
r
i
gh
t
in
g
w
ron
g
s
and
c
re
a
t
in
g
the
ide
a
l
c
i
t
y
”
(R
yd
in
,
2011
,
p
.
8
)
.
Mode
rn
i
s
t
p
l
anne
r
s
we
re
the
e
xpe
r
t
s
,
con
t
ro
l
l
in
g
and
m
an
ipu
l
a
t
in
g
.
‘P
l
ann
in
g
i
s
p
a
r
t
o
f
the
mode
rn
“
s
t
ru
g
g
le
to
m
ake
ou
r
se
l
ve
s
a
t
home
in
a
con
s
t
an
t
l
y
ch
an
g
in
g
wo
r
ld
”
’
(Be
rm
an
1988
,
p
.
6
in
Be
au
re
g
a
rd
,
1989
,
p
.
218
)
.
The
e
a
r
l
y
ju
s
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
ion
fo
r
p
l
ann
in
g
,
be
in
g
to
con
t
ro
l
the
re
l
a
t
ion
sh
ip
be
tween
the
ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
cond
i
t
ion
s
(
s
lum
hou
s
in
g
)
and
i
t
s
so
c
i
a
l
imp
l
i
c
a
t
ion
s
(
i
l
l
h
e
a
l
th
)
(A
l
lmend
in
ge
r
,
2009
)
,
show
s
the
re
i
s
mo
re
to
p
l
ann
in
g
th
an
the
ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
en
v
i
ronmen
t
and
“mode
rn
i
s
t
p
l
anne
r
s
be
l
ie
ve
in
a
fu
tu
re
in
wh
i
ch
so
c
i
a
l
p
rob
lem
s
a
re
t
amed
”
(Be
au
re
g
a
rd
,
2009
)
.
Mode
rn
i
s
t
p
l
ann
in
g
a
s
a
p
ro
ce
s
s
i
s
ch
a
r
a
c
te
r
i
sed
b
y
a
sp
i
r
a
t
ion
s
to
a
comp
rehen
s
i
ve
app
ro
a
ch
,
t
a
k
in
g
a
l
l
f
a
c
to
r
s
in
to
a
c
coun
t
in
de
v
i
s
in
g
the
p
l
an
.
I
t
a
s
sume
s
a
g
re
a
t
de
a
l
o
f
p
r
io
r
know
led
ge
abou
t
cu
r
ren
t
s
i
tu
a
tuon
s
and
fu
tu
re
t
rend
s
,
a
s
we
l
l
a
s
comm
and
o
ve
r
the
me
an
s
o
f
imp
lemen
t
in
g
the
p
l
an
(R
yd
in
,
2011
)
.
The
r
a
t
ion
a
l
comp
rehen
s
i
ve
mode
l
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
the
fund
amen
t
a
l
mode
rn
i
s
t
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
ch
.
Ad
vo
c
a
te
s
o
f
the
r
a
t
ion
a
l
comp
rehen
s
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
p
a
r
ad
i
gm
a
r
gued
th
a
t
a
l
l
cou
r
se
s
o
f
a
c
t
ion
a
re
iden
t
i
f
ied
and
e
v
a
lu
a
ted
a
g
a
in
s
t
a
l
l
re
le
v
an
t
end
s
so
th
a
t
the
re
w
i
l
l
be
no
un
c
e
r
t
a
in
t
ie
s
(
F
a
lud
i
,
1973
)
.
The
comp
rehen
s
i
vene
s
s
p
ro
v
ided
b
y
mode
rn
i
s
t
r
a
t
ion
a
l
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
che
s
i
s
o
f
ten
the
ju
s
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
ion
fo
r
p
l
ann
in
g
.
Howe
ve
r
,
r
a
t
ion
a
l
comp
rehen
s
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
h
a
s
been
c
r
i
t
iqued
fo
r
i
t
s
n
a
i
ve
t
y
and
i
t
s
a
s
sump
t
ion
o
f
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
.
R
a
t
ion
a
l
p
l
ann
in
g
a
s
sume
s
a
p
r
io
r
know
led
ge
(R
yd
in
,
2011
)
and
th
a
t
th
i
s
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
w
i
l
l
be
app
l
ied
to
mee
t
the
spe
c
i
f
i
c
a
im
s
o
f
a
p
l
an
.
Bu
t
a
s
R
yd
in
(2011
)
a
r
gue
s
,
p
l
anne
r
s
se
ldom
h
a
ve
a
l
l
the
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
the
y
need
and
the
re
fo
re
a
s
sump
t
ion
s
h
a
ve
to
be
m
ade
.
I
t
i
s
“n
ie
the
r
po
s
s
ib
le
no
r
de
s
i
rab
le
to
pe
r
fo
rm
su
ch
a
comp
rehen
s
i
ve
e
v
a
lu
a
t
ion
”
(
F
a
lud
i
,
1973
,
p
.
153
)
.
Fo
r
some
,
the
hope
o
f
r
a
t
ion
a
l
p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
s
imp
l
y
to
rep
l
a
ce
the
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
o
f
the
m
a
r
ke
t
w
i
th
the
lo
g
i
c
o
f
the
p
l
an
.
Ye
t
o
the
r
s
ho
ld
the
re
ve
r
se
be
l
ie
f:
th
a
t
the
lo
g
i
c
o
f
the
m
a
r
ke
t
shou
ld
rep
l
a
ce
the
ch
ao
s
le
f
t
b
y
p
l
ann
in
g
(C
ampbe
l
l
&
F
a
in
s
te
in
,
2003
,
p
.
6
)
.
Howe
ve
r
,
G
lee
son
&
Low
(2000
)
a
r
gued
th
a
t
p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
needed
e
ven
in
a
m
a
r
ke
t
so
c
ie
t
y
.
The
se
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
deb
a
te
s
r
a
i
se
the
que
s
t
ion
fo
r
p
l
ann
in
g
o
f
whe
the
r
and
how
to
in
te
r
vene
,
fo
r
whom
,
and
u
s
in
g
wh
a
t
ju
s
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
ion
?
When
the
comp
le
x
i
t
ie
s
o
f
the
u
rb
an
en
v
i
ronmen
t
and
the
need
fo
r
p
l
ann
in
g
to
be
in
te
r
conne
c
ted
(
Thomp
son
,
2012
)
w
a
s
re
a
l
i
sed
,
p
l
ann
in
g
a
s
an
“
ab
s
t
r
a
c
t
mode
l
o
f
pe
r
fe
c
t
r
a
t
ion
a
l
i
t
y
in
so
c
i
a
l
6
de
c
i
s
ion
m
a
k
in
g
”
(B
an
f
ie
ld
,
1955
in
F
r
iedm
ann
,
1973
,
p
.
345
)
w
a
s
e
x
tended.
A
s
a
re
su
l
t
,
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
che
s
th
a
t
in
co
rpo
r
a
ted
comp
le
x
i
t
ie
s
and
the
in
te
r
conne
c
tedne
s
s
o
f
the
en
v
i
ronmen
t
we
re
e
s
t
ab
l
i
shed
.
Fo
r
e
x
amp
le
,
M
c
Lou
gh
l
in
’
s
(1969
)
s
y
s
tem
s
app
ro
a
ch,
wh
i
ch
w
a
s
“
ch
a
r
c
te
r
i
sed
b
y
in
te
r
conne
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
and
con
t
inuou
s
re
v
iew
,
and
con
cep
tu
a
l
i
sed
p
l
ann
in
g
a
s
a
se
r
ie
s
o
f
ph
a
se
s
in
a
c
y
c
le
”
(
Thomp
son
,
2012
,
p
.
19
)
.
S
y
s
tem
s
a
re
d
yn
am
i
c
,
the
y
ad
ap
t
,
sh
i
f
t
and
e
vo
l
ve
and
t
he
re
fo
re
the
y
a
re
a
good
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
ch
fo
r
m
an
a
g
in
g
ch
an
ge
(A
l
lmend
in
ge
r
,
2009
)
.
A
l
lmend
in
ge
r
(2009
)
s
t
a
ted
th
a
t
,
“p
l
an
s
shou
ld
no
t
be
s
t
a
t
i
c
do
cumen
t
s
bu
t
r
a
the
r
a
s
d
yn
am
i
c
and
ch
an
g
in
g
a
s
the
s
y
s
tem
s
them
se
l
ve
s
”
(p
.
55
)
.
A
l
thou
gh
a
c
know
led
g
in
g
th
a
t
ch
an
ge
cou
ld
no
t
be
p
red
i
c
ted
w
i
th
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
,
M
c
Lo
u
gh
l
in
’
s
(1969
)
app
ro
a
ch
w
a
s
s
t
i
l
l
an
e
x
amp
le
o
f
s
t
ron
g
r
a
t
ion
a
l
de
c
i
s
ionm
a
k
in
g
in
p
l
ann
in
g
.
T
a
y
lo
r
(1998
)
a
r
gued
th
a
t
the
s
y
s
tem
s
v
iew
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
and
the
r
a
t
ion
a
l
p
ro
ce
s
s
v
iew
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
eme
r
ged
w
i
th
the
f
a
i
th
in
s
c
ien
ce
and
th
a
t
the
y
sh
a
red
the
mode
rn
a
s
sump
t
ion
o
f
con
t
ro
l
l
in
g
the
en
v
i
ronmen
t
fo
r
hum
an
p
ro
g
re
s
s
th
a
t
G
idden
s
(1994
,
in
T
a
y
lo
r
,
1998
,
p
.
73
)
c
a
l
led
the
‘
c
ybe
rne
t
i
c
’
mode
l
o
f
con
t
ro
l
.
A
l
lmend
in
ge
r
(2009
)
a
g
reed
th
a
t
s
y
s
tem
s
and
r
a
t
ion
a
l
app
ro
a
che
s
p
red
i
c
t
and
con
t
ro
l
;
the
p
l
anne
r
i
s
the
‘he
lm
sm
an
s
tee
r
in
g
the
c
i
t
y
’
(M
c
Lou
gh
l
in
,
1969
,
p
.
86
in
A
l
lmend
in
ge
r
,
2009
)
.
In
c
remen
t
a
l
i
sm
and
s
t
r
a
te
g
i
c
p
l
ann
in
g
a
re
re
spon
se
s
to
the
c
r
i
t
ique
s
o
f
r
a
t
ion
a
l
p
l
ann
in
g
.
“Bo
th…
sh
a
re
a
f
ru
s
t
r
a
t
ion
w
i
th
the
unw
ie
ld
ine
s
s
and
ine
f
f
i
c
ien
c
ie
s
o
f
com
p
rehen
s
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
”
(C
ampbe
l
l
&
F
a
in
s
te
in
,
1996
,
p
.
261
)
.
In
c
remen
t
a
l
i
sm
ch
a
l
len
ge
s
the
e
s
sen
ce
o
f
comp
le
x
,
l
a
r
ge
s
c
a
le
p
l
ann
in
g
th
rou
gh
i
t
s
mo
re
mode
s
t
app
ro
a
ch
o
f
comp
a
r
in
g
on
l
y
l
im
i
ted
po
l
i
c
y
ch
an
ge
s
in
de
c
i
s
ion
m
a
k
in
g
(C
ampbe
l
l
&
F
a
in
s
te
in
,
1996
)
.
S
im
i
l
a
r
i
l
y
,
s
t
r
a
te
g
i
c
p
l
ann
in
g
,
wh
i
ch
h
a
s
co
rpo
r
a
te
and
m
i
l
i
t
a
r
y
roo
t
s
,
mo
ve
s
aw
a
y
f
rom
fo
cu
s
in
g
on
b
ro
ad
go
a
l
s
o
f
comp
rehen
s
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
to
a
fo
cu
s
on
spe
c
i
f
i
c
t
a
s
k
s
a
ch
ie
ved
in
a
s
t
re
am
l
ined
,
e
f
f
ie
c
ien
t
w
a
y
(C
ampbe
l
l
&
F
a
in
s
te
in
,
1996
)
.
Ch
ambe
r
s
and
T
a
y
lo
r
(1999
)
a
r
gued
th
a
t
the
“b
a
s
i
c
ro
le
o
f
s
t
r
a
te
g
i
c
p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
to
a
c
t
a
s
a
‘
loo
kou
t
’
”
(p
.
27
)
.
The
fu
tu
re
i
s
no
t
f
i
xed
;
the
re
a
re
m
an
y
po
s
s
ib
le
a
l
te
rn
a
t
i
ve
fu
tu
re
s
and
the
one
th
a
t
e
ven
tu
a
te
s
w
i
l
l
be
con
s
t
ru
c
ted
b
y
the
cho
i
ce
s
and
a
c
t
ion
s
o
f
hum
an
s
(Ch
ambe
r
s
&
T
a
y
lo
r
,
1999
)
.
Be
c
au
se
o
f
th
i
s
,
Ch
ambe
r
s
and
T
a
y
lo
r
(1999
)
,
a
r
gued
th
a
t
“p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
no
t
an
end
in
i
t
se
l
f
,
i
t
i
s
the
me
an
s
to
an
end
”
(p
.
86
)
.
F
a
lud
i
(1973
)
o
f
fe
red
the
b
luep
r
in
t
mode
l
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
a
s
an
a
l
te
rn
a
t
i
ve
to
the
r
a
t
ion
a
l
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
ch
,
and
the
p
ro
ce
s
s
mode
l
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
to
rep
l
a
ce
the
in
c
remen
t
a
l
app
ro
a
ch
.
The
b
luep
r
in
t
mode
l
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
s
im
i
l
a
r
to
the
r
a
t
ion
a
l
app
ro
a
ch
in
th
a
t
i
t
a
vo
id
s
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
ie
s
and
a
ch
ie
ve
s
i
t
s
de
s
i
red
ou
t
come
s
b
y
g
a
the
r
ing
a
l
l
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
and
ide
a
s
a
t
the
s
t
a
r
t
o
f
the
de
c
i
s
ion
m
a
k
in
g
p
ro
ce
s
s
.
In
b
luep
r
in
t
p
l
ann
in
g
“
a
p
l
ann
in
g
a
gen
c
y
ope
r
a
te
s
a
p
ro
g
r
amme
thou
gh
t
to
a
t
t
a
in
i
ts
ob
je
c
t
i
ve
s
w
i
th
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y…
mo
d
i
f
i
c
a
t
ion
du
r
in
g
imp
lemen
t
a
t
ion
i
s
no
t
an
t
i
c
ip
a
ted
”
(
F
a
lud
i
,
1973
,
p
.
131
)
.
In
con
t
r
a
s
t
,
in
the
p
ro
ce
s
s
mode
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
,
“p
ro
g
r
amme
s
a
re
ad
ap
ted
du
r
in
g
the
i
r
imp
lemen
t
a
t
ion
a
s
and
when
in
com
in
g
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
requ
i
re
s
su
ch
ch
an
ge
s
”
(F
a
lud
i
,
1973
,
p
.132
).
F
a
lu
di
(1973
)
f
a
vou
red
the
p
ro
ce
s
s
mode
l
be
c
au
se
“p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
no
t
abou
t
the
p
rodu
c
t
ion
o
f
g
lo
s
s
y
p
l
an
s
and
the
un
swe
r
v
in
g
7
e
xe
cu
t
ion
o
f
p
ropo
s
a
l
s
the
y
con
t
a
in
”
(p
.
131
)
,
bu
t
r
a
the
r
the
p
ro
ce
s
s
b
y
wh
i
ch
p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
done
.
In
th
i
s
mode
l,
F
a
lud
i
’
s
(1973
)
p
ro
ce
s
s
p
l
ann
in
g
w
a
s
in
a
g
remen
t
w
i
th
Ch
ambe
r
s
and
T
a
y
lo
r
(1999
)
who
s
a
id
i
t
i
s
the
p
ro
ce
s
s
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
r
a
the
r
the
te
chn
i
que
s
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
th
a
t
i
s
impo
r
t
an
t
.
In
the
1980
s
c
ame
the
eme
r
gen
ce
o
f
po
s
t
mode
rn
i
s
t
ide
a
s
.
Po
s
tmode
rn
i
sm
rep
re
sen
ted
a
s
kep
t
i
sm
tow
a
rd
s
r
a
t
ion
a
l
p
l
ann
in
g
(Be
au
re
g
a
rd
,
1989
)
and
the
comp
rehen
s
i
ve
p
l
an
,
and
w
an
ted
to
mo
ve
aw
a
y
f
rom
the
se
in
f
a
vou
r
o
f
m
u
l
tip
le
d
i
s
cou
r
se
s
(C
ampbe
l
l
&
F
a
in
s
te
in
,
1996
)
.
P
l
ann
in
g
t
r
an
s
i
t
ioned
f
rom
the
mode
rn
i
s
t
,
r
a
t
ion
a
l
i
s
t
,
and
comp
rehen
s
i
ve
app
ro
a
ch
to
one
wh
i
ch
emph
a
s
i
sed
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
ion
and
con
sen
su
s
bu
i
ld
in
g
amon
g
s
t
s
t
a
keho
lde
r
s
(R
yd
in
,
2011
;
Thomp
son
,
2012
)
.
Commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
Ra
t
ion
a
l
i
t
y
and
Co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
i
ve
P
l
ann
in
g
Commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
and
co
l
l
abor
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
a
re
the
p
r
in
c
ip
l
e
po
s
tmode
rn
i
s
t
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
che
s
.
The
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
app
ro
a
ch
to
p
l
ann
in
g
too
k
i
t
s
found
a
t
ion
s
f
rom
,
and
bu
i
l
t
upon,
H
abe
rm
a
s
’
ide
a
s
o
f
commun
i
ca
t
i
ve
r
a
t
ion
a
l
i
t
y
.
H
abe
rm
a
s
a
imed
to
add
to
the
ide
a
s
o
f
mod
e
rn
i
t
y
r
a
the
r
th
an
d
i
sm
i
s
s
in
g
them,
b
y
re
t
hin
k
in
g
the
con
cep
t
o
f
re
a
son
f
rom
an
ind
i
v
idu
a
l
i
sed
,
sub
je
c
t
ob
je
c
t
re
a
son
in
to
in
te
r
sub
je
c
t
i
ve
commu
ni
c
a
t
i
ve
re
a
son
in
g
(He
a
le
y
,
1992
)
.
Cen
t
r
a
l
to
H
abe
rm
a
s
’
commun
i
t
c
a
t
i
ve
r
a
t
ion
a
l
i
t
y
i
s
the
“
ro
le
o
f
l
an
gu
a
ge
and
the
se
a
r
ch
fo
r
the
und
i
s
to
r
ted
commun
i
t
c
a
t
ion
a
s
a
b
a
s
i
s
fo
r
con
sen
su
s
and
a
c
t
ion
”
(
Tewdw
r
Jone
s
&
A
l
lend
in
ge
r
,
1998
,
p
.
1976
)
.
He
a
le
y
(1992
)
e
xp
l
a
ined
th
a
t
in
H
abe
rm
a
s
’
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
r
a
t
ion
a
l
i
t
y
,
“
l
iv
in
g
to
ge
the
r
bu
t
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
l
y
”
(p
.
242
)
,
c
au
se
s
u
s
to
a
g
ree
on
w
a
y
s
to
a
c
t
on
common
con
ce
rn
s
.
C
r
i
t
i
c
s
h
a
ve
,
a
c
co
rd
in
g
to
He
a
le
y
(1992
)
,
a
r
gued
th
a
t
H
abe
rm
a
s
’
theo
r
y
in
f
a
c
t
,
ho
ld
s
on
to
mode
rn
i
t
y
’
s
re
a
son
in
g
and
the
re
a
re
d
i
f
fe
ren
ce
s
in
c
l
a
s
s
,
gende
r
,
r
a
ce
and
cu
l
tu
re
wh
i
ch
c
anno
t
be
so
l
ved
th
rou
gh
deb
te
,
on
l
y
th
rou
gh
powe
r
s
t
ru
g
g
le
s
.
H
abe
rm
a
s
ju
s
t
i
f
ied
add
in
g
to
mode
rn
i
t
y
’
s
con
cep
t
o
f
re
a
son
,
r
a
the
r
th
an
who
le
y
d
i
s
sm
i
s
s
in
g
i
t
,
be
c
au
se
in
o
rde
r
to
deb
a
te
and
a
r
gue,
e
a
ch
ind
i
v
idu
a
l
need
s
the
i
r
own
re
a
son
in
g
to
en
g
a
ge
and
the
re
fo
re
co
l
le
c
t
i
ve
re
a
son
in
g
i
s
in
fo
rmed
b
y
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
‘
l
i
fewo
r
ld
s
’
(He
a
le
y
,
1992
)
.
He
a
le
y
(1992
)
,
he
r
se
l
f
,
c
r
i
t
iqued
H
abe
rm
a
s
b
y
iden
t
i
f
y
in
g
th
a
t
the
re
a
re
d
i
f
fe
ren
ce
s
in
the
w
a
ys
we
commun
i
c
a
te
,
wh
i
ch
need
to
be
a
c
know
led
ged
,
r
a
the
r
th
an
j
u
s
t
a
c
know
led
g
in
g
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
so
c
i
a
l
and
e
conom
i
c
w
an
t
s
and
need
s,
and
H
abe
rm
a
s
’
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
r
a
t
ion
a
l
i
t
y
cou
ld
re
su
l
t
in
the
dom
in
an
t
w
a
y
s
o
f
be
in
g
,
know
in
g
and
v
a
lu
in
g
re
f
le
c
t
in
g
in
de
c
i
s
ion
m
a
k
in
g
.
We
h
a
ve
d
i
f
fe
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
o
f
me
an
in
g
,
wh
i
ch
m
a
y
ch
an
ge
a
nd
e
vo
l
ve
th
rou
gh
ou
r
in
te
r
a
c
t
ion
s
w
i
th
o
the
r
s
.
The
re
fo
re
,
whe
re
H
abe
rm
a
s
’
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
r
a
t
ion
a
l
i
t
y
w
a
s
‘
l
i
v
in
g
to
g
the
r
,
bu
t
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
l
y
’
,
He
a
le
y
(1992
)
a
r
gued
th
i
s
new
w
a
y
in
p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
abou
t
in
te
r
sub
je
c
t
i
ve
commun
i
c
a
t
ion
;
“
l
i
v
in
g
to
ge
the
r
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
l
y
t
h
rou
gh
s
t
ru
g
g
l
in
g
to
m
a
ke
sen
se
to
ge
the
r
”
(p
.
245
)
.
Tewdw
r
Jone
s
and
A
l
lmend
in
ge
r
(1998
)
s
t
a
ted
th
a
t
m
an
y
te
rm
s
su
ch
a
s
Fo
re
s
te
r
’
s
‘
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
’
and
‘
a
r
guemen
t
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
’
,
and
He
a
le
y
’
s
‘p
l
ann
in
g
th
rou
gh
deb
a
te
’
,
‘
in
c
lu
s
ion
a
r
y
d
i
s
cou
r
se
’
and
‘
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
’
,
h
a
ve
been
u
sed
in
p
l
ann
in
g
l
i
te
r
a
tu
re
to
con
ve
r
t
H
abe
rm
a
s
’
8
ide
a
s
o
f
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
r
a
t
ion
a
l
i
t
y
in
to
some
th
in
g
wo
r
k
ab
le
in
p
l
ann
in
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce.
He
a
le
y
(1992
,
in
Tewdw
r
Jone
s
&
A
l
lemnd
in
ge
r
,
1998
)
p
re
sen
ted
10
cond
i
t
ion
s
o
f
the
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
r
a
t
ion
a
l
p
l
ann
in
g
ap
ro
a
ch
a
s
:
1
. P
l
ann
in
g
i
s
an
in
te
r
a
c
t
i
ve
and
in
te
rp
re
t
i
ve
p
ro
ce
s
s
.
2
. P
l
ann
in
g
i
s
unde
r
t
a
ken
amon
g
d
i
ve
r
se
and
f
lu
id
d
i
s
cou
r
se
commun
i
t
ie
s
.
3
. The
me
thod
s
requ
i
re
re
spe
c
t
fu
l
in
te
rpe
r
son
a
l
and
in
te
r
cu
l
tu
r
a
l
d
i
s
cu
s
s
ion.
4
. Fo
cu
se
s
re
s
t
on
the
“
a
ren
a
s
o
f
s
t
ru
g
g
le
”
(He
a
le
y
,
1993
,
p
.
84
)
whe
re
pub
l
i
c
d
i
s
cu
s
s
ion
o
c
cu
r
s
and
whe
re
p
rob
lem
s
,
s
t
r
a
te
g
ie
s
,
t
a
c
t
i
c
s
and
v
a
lue
s
a
re
inden
t
i
f
ied
,
d
i
s
cu
s
sed
,
e
v
a
lu
a
ted
,
and
whe
re
con
f
l
i
c
t
s
a
re
med
i
a
ted
.
5
. The
re
a
re
mu
l
t
i
f
a
r
iou
s
c
l
a
im
s
fo
r
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
fo
rm
s
and
t
ypes
o
f
po
l
i
c
y
de
ve
lopmen
t
.
6
. A
re
f
le
c
t
i
ve
c
ap
a
c
i
t
y
i
s
de
ve
loped
th
a
t
en
ab
le
s
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
an
t
s
to
e
v
a
lu
a
te
and
ree
v
a
lu
a
te
.
7
. S
t
r
a
te
g
i
c
d
i
s
cou
r
ce
s
a
re
opened
up
to
in
c
lude
a
l
l
in
te
re
s
ted
p
a
r
t
ie
s
wh
i
ch
,
in
tu
rn
,
gene
r
a
te
s
new
p
l
ann
in
g
d
i
s
cou
r
ce
s
.
8
. P
a
r
t
i
c
ip
an
t
s
in
the
di
s
cou
r
se
g
a
in
know
led
ge
o
f
o
the
r
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
an
t
s
in
add
i
t
ion
to
le
a
rn
in
g
new
re
l
a
t
ion
s
,
v
a
lue
s
,
and
unde
r
s
t
and
in
g
s
.
9
. P
a
r
t
i
c
ip
an
t
s
a
re
ab
le
to
co
l
l
abo
r
a
te
to
ch
an
ge
e
x
i
s
t
in
g
cond
i
t
ion
s
.
10
.P
a
r
t
i
c
ip
an
t
s
a
re
en
cou
r
a
ged
to
f
ind
new
w
a
y
s
o
f
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
a
ch
ie
v
in
g
the
i
r
p
l
ann
in
g
de
s
i
re
s
,
no
t
s
imp
l
y
to
a
g
ree
and
l
i
s
t
the
i
r
ob
je
c
t
i
ve
s
.
(He
a
le
y
,
1992
,
in
Tewdw
r
Jone
s
&
A
l
lem
end
in
ge
r
,
1998
,
p
.
1976
)
Tewdw
r
Jone
s
and
A
l
lmend
in
ge
r
(1998
)
be
l
ie
ved
th
a
t
con
ve
r
t
in
g
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
r
a
t
ion
a
l
i
t
y
in
to
a
wo
r
k
ab
le
p
l
ann
in
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
,
common
l
y
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
o
r
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
,
h
a
s
f
a
i
led
o
r
th
ree
a
c
coun
t
s
:
theo
r
y
;
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
;
and
v
a
lue
.
F
i
r
s
t
l
y
,
Tewdw
rJone
s
and
A
l
lmend
in
ge
r
(1998
)
que
s
t
ioned
the
theo
re
c
t
i
c
a
l
found
a
t
ion
s
o
f
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
s
a
y
in
g
i
t
“
i
s
no
t
so
mu
ch
a
theo
r
y
,
r
a
the
r
i
t
cou
ld
be
de
s
c
r
ibed
a
s
a
‘
l
i
fe
v
iew
’
b
a
sed
a
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
to
r
y
pe
r
spe
c
t
i
ve
o
f
demo
c
r
a
c
y
and
a
d
i
s
l
i
ke…
o
f
f
reem
a
r
ke
t
e
conom
ie
s
”
(p
.
1978
)
.
H
abe
rm
a
s
’
theo
r
y
a
s
sumed
con
sen
su
s
c
an
be
rea
ched
,
howe
ve
r
i
t
i
s
que
s
t
ioned
how
the
se
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
‘
l
i
fe
wo
r
ld
s
’
th
a
t
a
re
in
vo
l
ved
,
a
s
we
l
l
a
s
d
i
i
fe
ren
t
d
i
s
cou
r
se
s
o
f
powe
r,
w
i
l
l
w
an
t
to
re
a
ch
con
sen
su
s
.
Se
cond
l
y
,
p
l
a
gued
b
y
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
p
rob
lem
s
,
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
r
a
t
ion
a
l
i
t
y
h
a
s
s
t
ru
g
g
led
to
t
r
an
s
l
a
te
in
to
re
a
l
p
ro
je
c
t
s
and
h
a
s
been
mo
re
fo
cu
sed
on
p
ro
ce
s
s
r
a
the
r
th
an
ou
t
come
(
Tewdw
r
Jone
s
&
A
l
lmend
in
ge
r
,
1998
)
.
Bu
i
ld
in
g
on
the
po
in
t
abo
ve
,
i
t
i
s
w
ron
g
to
a
s
sume
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
s
t
a
keho
lde
r
s
w
i
l
l
be
s
t
r
i
v
in
g
fo
r
en
h
an
ced
demo
c
r
a
c
y
o
r
sh
a
re
a
de
s
i
re
to
m
a
ke
sen
se
to
ge
the
r
and
come
up
w
ith
a
so
lu
t
ion
.
A
s
Tewdw
r
Jone
s
and
A
l
lmend
in
ge
r
(1998
)
a
r
gued
,
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
ad
gend
s
and
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
ob
je
c
t
i
ve
s
fo
rm
the
a
r
gument
a
t
ion
p
ro
ce
s
s
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
,
so
one
c
anno
t
a
s
sume
tho
se
a
t
tend
in
g
w
i
l
l
be
s
t
r
i
v
in
g
fo
r
con
sen
su
s
.
O
the
r
ch
a
l
len
ge
s
o
f
pu
t
t
in
g
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
r
a
t
ion
a
l
i
t
y
in
to
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
9
p
l
ann
in
g,
a
c
co
rd
in
g
to
Tewdw
r
Jone
s
and
A
l
lmend
in
ge
r
(1998
)
,
in
c
lude
,
(
a
)
the
a
s
sump
t
ion
t
h
a
t
the
who
le
commun
i
t
y
c
an
be
in
c
luded
in
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
,
o
r
th
a
t
a
l
l
s
t
a
keho
lde
r
s
c
an
be
inden
t
i
f
ied
,
i
s
unwo
r
k
ab
le
;
(b
)
p
l
anne
r
s
a
re
no
t
me
an
t
to
be
e
xpe
r
t
s
,
bu
t
in
th
i
s
c
a
se
the
re
wou
ld
be
no
one
to
f
a
c
i
l
i
te
d
i
s
cu
s
s
ion;
(
c
)
i
t
c
anno
t
be
a
s
sumed
th
a
t
th
rou
gh
bu
i
ld
in
g
t
ru
s
t
,
s
t
a
keho
lde
r
s
e
l
im
in
a
te
powe
r
b
a
se
s
and
f
in
a
l
l
y
;
(d
)
i
t
i
s
n
a
ï
ve
to
om
i
t
th
e
po
s
s
ib
i
l
i
t
y
th
a
t
ind
i
v
idu
a
l
s
m
a
y
ob
s
cu
re
f
a
c
t
s
to
ben
f
i
t
the
i
r
a
r
gumen
t
.
In
the
i
r
th
i
rd
a
c
coun
t
o
f
f
a
i
lu
re
,
Tewdw
r
Jone
s
and
A
l
lmend
in
ge
r
(1998
)
we
re
d
i
s
s
a
t
i
s
f
ied
th
a
t
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
r
a
t
ion
a
l
i
t
y
i
s
fu
l
f
i
l
l
in
g
i
t
s
p
rom
i
se
s
and
i
t
i
s
h
a
rd
fo
r
some
p
l
anne
r
s
to
be
neu
t
r
a
l
in
the
i
r
v
a
lue
s
in
the
p
ro
ce
s
s
.
Tewdw
r
Jone
s
&
A
l
lmend
in
ge
r
(1998
)
a
r
gued
the
re
fo
re
th
a
t
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
r
a
t
ion
a
l
i
t
y
a
s
a
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
ch
i
s
too
ide
a
l
i
s
t
i
c
in
te
rm
s
o
f
how
v
a
lue
s
a
re
fo
rmed
and
how
s
t
a
keho
lde
r
s
en
g
a
ge
in
a
r
gumen
t
a
t
ion
and
i
t
doe
sn
’
t
re
co
g
i
se
powe
r
re
l
a
t
ion
s
.
He
a
le
y
’
s
(1992
)
re
spon
se
to
the
se
con
ce
rn
s
w
a
s
th
a
t
an
y
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
ch
h
a
s
an
t
idemo
c
r
a
t
i
c
po
ten
t
i
a
l
and
in
he
r
e
xpe
r
in
ce
s
i
t
c
an
be
su
ce
s
s
fu
l
.
En
v
i
ronmen
t
a
l
p
l
ann
in
g
c
an
be
unde
r
s
tood
,
in
l
i
gh
t
o
f
the
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
app
ro
a
ch
,
“
a
s
a
p
ro
ce
s
s
fo
r
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
i
ve
l
y
,
and
in
te
r
a
c
t
i
ve
l
y
,
add
re
s
s
in
g
and
wo
r
k
in
g
ou
t
how
to
a
c
t
,
in
re
spe
c
t
o
f
sh
a
red
con
ce
rn
s
abou
t
how
f
a
r
and
how
to
“m
an
a
ge
”
en
v
i
ronmen
t
a
l
ch
an
ge
”
(He
a
le
y
,
1992
,
p
.
245
)
.
Due
to
the
comp
le
x
n
a
tu
re
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
ch
an
ge
and
a
c
know
led
g
in
g
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
,
a
l
l
s
t
a
keho
lde
r
s
mu
s
t
be
in
v
i
ted
to
en
g
a
ge
in
t
a
l
k
and
deb
a
te
,
to
f
i
gu
re
ou
t
,
to
ge
the
r
,
how
to
m
an
a
ge
th
a
t
ch
an
ge
.
2
.1
.3 P
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
in
P
l
ann
in
g
The
ro
le
th
a
t
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
p
l
a
y
s
in
p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
de
te
rm
ined
p
r
in
c
ip
a
l
l
y
b
y
the
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
ch
be
in
g
in
i
t
i
a
ted
.
A
s
p
l
ann
in
g
p
a
r
ad
i
gm
s
h
a
ve
e
vo
l
ved
,
demo
c
r
a
t
i
c
go
ve
rn
an
ce
h
a
s
be
come
mo
re
impo
r
t
an
t
and
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
h
a
s
the
re
fo
re
p
l
a
yed
a
b
i
g
ge
r
ro
le
in
some
o
f
the
se
l
a
te
r
p
a
rad
i
gm
s
.
L
ane
(2005
)
a
r
gued
th
a
t
“
the
w
a
y
in
wh
i
ch
p
l
anne
r
s
and
po
l
i
c
y
m
a
ke
r
s
de
f
ine
the
i
r
f
ie
ld
and
app
ro
a
ch
the
i
r
wo
r
k
i
s
to
a
l
a
r
ge
e
x
ten
t
ind
i
c
a
ted
b
y
the
ro
le
the
y
p
ro
v
ide
to
non
p
l
anne
r
s
”
(p
.
284
)
.
L
ane
’
s
(2005
)
wo
r
k
p
l
a
ced
p
l
ann
in
g
mode
l
s
on
A
rn
s
te
in
’
s
f
amou
s
con
t
inuum
o
f
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
o
r
‘l
adde
r
’
.
10
F
i
gu
re
1:
L
adde
r
o
f
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
(A
rn
s
te
in
,
1969
)
A
rn
s
te
in
’
s
(1969
)
l
adde
r
(
F
i
g
.
1
)
showed
the
su
c
ce
s
s
ion
o
f
the
le
ve
l
o
f
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
,
and
the
amoun
t
o
f
powe
r
and
con
t
ro
l
,
th
a
t
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
an
t
s
c
an
h
a
ve
in
p
rob
lem
so
l
v
in
g
and
sh
ap
in
g
ou
t
come
s
.
The
bo
t
tom
run
g
s
o
f
the
l
adde
r
,
the
r
ap
y
and
m
an
ipu
l
a
t
ion
,
a
re
whe
re
A
rn
s
te
in
(1969
)
p
l
a
ced
nonp
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
.
L
ane
(2005
)
a
s
so
c
i
a
ted
the
b
luep
r
in
t
mode
l
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
,
“
the
co
rne
r
s
tone
o
f
the
r
a
t
ion
a
l
comp
rehen
s
i
ve
app
ro
a
ch
”
(p
.
288
)
,
to
th
i
s
le
ve
l
o
f
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
.
Th
i
s
mode
l
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
p
rodu
ced
b
luep
r
in
t
s
o
r
m
a
s
te
r
p
l
an
s,
and
fo
cu
sed
on
the
end
p
rodu
c
t
s
r
a
the
r
th
an
a
con
t
inuou
s
p
l
ann
in
g
p
ro
ce
s
s
.
Th
i
s
de
s
i
red
end
s
t
a
te
w
a
s
a
chie
ved
b
y
p
l
anne
r
s
,
the
e
xpe
r
t
s
,
th
rou
gh
the
a
s
sump
t
ion
o
f
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
.
The
re
w
a
s
no
s
cope
fo
r
pub
l
i
c
inpu
t
o
r
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
in
th
i
s
p
l
ann
in
g
re
g
ime
(
L
ane
,
2005
)
.
The
ne
x
t
g
roup
on
A
rn
s
te
in
’
s
(1969
)
l
adde
r
a
re
‘de
g
ree
s
o
f
to
ken
i
sm
’
,
in
c
lud
in
g
in
fo
rm
in
g
,
con
s
u
l
t
a
t
ion
,
and
p
l
a
c
a
t
ion
.
L
ane
(2005
)
d
i
s
ce
rned
th
a
t
in
c
remen
t
a
l
i
sm
and
s
y
s
tem
s
p
l
ann
in
g
a
re
a
l
i
gned
w
i
th
th
i
s
le
ve
l
o
f
c
i
t
i
zen
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
.
The
s
y
s
tem
s
p
l
ann
in
g
p
ro
ce
s
s
in
c
luded
p
ro
fe
s
s
ion
a
l
p
l
anne
rled
con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
w
i
th
the
pub
l
i
c
,
rep
re
sen
t
in
g
the
f
i
r
s
t
o
f
i
t
s
k
ind
in
p
l
ann
in
g
and
a
s
i
gn
i
f
i
c
an
t
de
ve
lopmen
t
on
b
luep
r
in
t
p
l
ann
in
g
.
Howe
ve
r
,
L
ane
(2005
)
d
id
a
c
know
led
ge
th
a
t
the
s
y
s
tem
s
app
ro
a
ch
s
t
i
l
l
he
ld
on
to
m
an
y
a
spe
c
t
s
o
f
the
r
a
t
ion
a
l
comp
rehen
s
i
ve
app
ro
a
ch
.
A
comp
rehen
s
i
ve
unde
r
s
t
and
in
g
o
f
u
rb
an
and
env
i
ronmen
t
a
l
s
y
s
tem
s
w
a
s
requ
i
red
in
o
rde
r
to
de
ve
lop
go
a
l
s
and
s
t
r
a
te
g
ie
s
.
L
ane
(2005
)
a
r
gued
th
a
t
“pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
w
a
s
con
s
t
r
a
ined
to
p
ro
v
id
in
g
a
commen
t
a
r
y
11
on
the
go
a
l
s
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
”
(p
.
290
)
.
He
a
le
y
(1992
)
,
a
g
reed
th
a
t
“
c
i
t
i
zen
s
con
t
r
ibu
te
to
the
pr
o
ce
s
s
,
bu
t
on
l
y
b
y
‘
feed
in
g
in
’
the
i
r
r
a
t
ion
a
l
i
zed
go
a
l
s
,
r
a
the
r
th
an
deb
a
t
in
g
the
unde
r
s
t
and
in
g
s
th
rou
gh
wh
i
ch
the
y
come
to
h
a
ve
the
i
r
go
a
l
s
”
(p
.250
)
.
In
c
remen
t
a
l
i
sm
m
a
r
ked
an
impo
r
t
an
t
sh
i
f
t
tow
a
rd
s
a
c
know
led
g
in
g
the
p
lu
r
a
l
i
s
t
in
te
re
s
t
s
in
p
l
ann
in
g
,
and
tho
se
s
t
a
keho
lde
r
s
ou
t
s
ide
the
fo
rm
a
l
p
l
ann
in
g
and
po
l
i
c
y
m
a
k
in
g
a
ren
a
.
Wh
i
le
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
w
a
s
s
t
i
l
l
l
im
i
ted
to
con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
,
L
indb
l
om
’
s
(1959
)
ide
a
s
abou
t
the
“
s
c
ien
ce
o
f
mudd
l
in
g
th
rou
gh
”
be
g
a
n
to
unde
r
s
t
and
th
a
t
the
re
i
s
no
t
ju
s
t
one
un
i
f
ied
in
te
re
s
t
th
a
t
con
t
r
ibu
te
s
to
de
c
i
s
ion
m
a
k
in
g
in
p
l
ann
in
g
.
A
c
co
rd
in
g
to
A
rn
s
te
in
(1969
)
,
p
a
r
tne
r
sh
ip
,
de
le
g
a
ted
powe
r
and
c
i
t
i
zen
con
t
ro
l
a
re
the
h
i
ghe
s
t
fo
rm
s
o
f
c
i
t
i
zen
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
,
wh
i
ch
c
an
be
g
rouped
a
s
‘
de
g
ree
s
o
f
c
i
t
i
zen
powe
r’
.
L
ane
(2005
)
a
l
i
gned
the
se
top
run
g
s
o
f
A
rn
s
te
in
’
s
l
adde
r
w
i
th
the
m
an
y
p
l
ann
in
g
mode
l
s
th
a
t
eme
r
ged
a
s
c
r
i
t
i
c
i
sm
s
o
f
the
r
a
t
ion
a
l
comp
rehen
s
i
ve
mode
l
,
in
c
lud
in
g
the
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
app
ro
a
ch
to
p
l
ann
in
g
.
The
in
te
r
sub
je
c
t
i
ve
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
n
a
tu
re
o
f
th
i
s
p
l
an
n
in
g
app
ro
a
ch,
“
in
fe
r
s
a
sub
s
t
an
t
i
a
l
ro
le
fo
r
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
”
(p
.
295
)
.
Commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
en
g
a
ge
s
a
d
i
ve
r
se
r
an
ge
o
f
s
t
a
keho
lde
r
s
in
d
i
a
lo
gue
,
a
r
gumen
t
a
t
ion
and
d
i
s
cou
r
se
,
the
re
fo
re
mo
v
in
g
be
yond
con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
and
p
l
a
c
a
t
ion
,
to
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
in
vo
l
v
in
g
ne
go
t
i
a
t
ion
,
b
a
r
g
a
in
in
g
and
deb
a
t
in
g
.
Pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
i
s
fund
amen
t
a
l
to
the
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
ch
(
L
ane
,
2005
)
.
The
mode
l
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
be
in
g
u
sed
i
s
the
fund
amen
t
a
l
de
te
rm
in
an
t
o
f
the
ro
le
o
f
pub
l
i
c
.
The
de
f
in
i
t
ion
o
f
the
p
l
ann
in
g
p
rob
lem
,
the
k
ind
s
o
f
know
led
ge
u
sed
in
p
l
ann
in
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
,
and
the
con
cep
tu
a
l
i
s
a
t
ion
o
f
the
p
l
ann
in
g
and
de
c
i
s
ion
m
a
k
in
g
con
te
x
t
de
te
rm
ine
the
e
x
ten
t
o
f
p
a
r
t
ic
ip
a
t
ion
o
f
fe
red
to
the
pub
l
i
c
(
L
ane
,
2005
,
p
.
297
)
.
No
t
on
l
y
do
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
p
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
ie
s
a
c
know
led
g
e
ch
an
ge
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
l
y,
bu
t
the
y
a
l
so
re
co
gn
i
se
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
l
y.
2
.1
.4 P
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
Ch
an
ge
W
a
rd
(2004
)
s
t
a
ted
th
a
t
“
town
p
l
ann
in
g
,
b
y
i
t
s
n
a
tu
re
,
i
s
e
s
sen
t
i
a
l
l
y
con
ce
rned
w
i
th
sh
ap
in
g
the
fu
tu
re
”
(p
.
1
)
.
The
re
fo
re
p
l
anne
r
s
mu
s
t
f
ind
w
a
y
s
o
f
m
an
a
g
i
n
g
and
a
c
commod
a
t
in
g
ch
an
ge
(A
l
lmend
in
ge
r
,
2009
)
.
The
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
app
ro
a
che
s
to
p
l
ann
in
g
h
a
ve
h
ad
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
w
a
y
s
o
f
v
iew
in
g
and
m
an
a
g
in
g
ch
an
ge
.
In
e
a
r
l
y
mode
rn
i
s
t
p
l
ann
in
g
,
the
a
im
w
a
s
to
f
i
x
a
spe
c
t
s
o
f
the
c
i
t
y
to
imp
ro
ve
i
t
s
ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
fo
rm
and
fun
c
t
ion
.
Desp
i
te
theo
r
y
su
g
ge
s
t
in
g
o
the
rw
i
se
,
the
a
c
tu
a
l
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
h
a
s
been
a
c
cu
sed
o
f
be
in
g
too
re
a
c
t
i
ve
;
a
p
ro
ce
s
s
o
f
c
a
t
ch
in
g
up
w
i
th
the
de
ve
lopmen
t
th
a
t
h
a
s
a
l
re
ad
y
o
c
cu
r
red
r
a
the
r
th
an
le
ad
in
g
fu
tu
re
ch
an
ge
(R
yd
in
,
2011
)
.
Ad
vo
c
a
te
s
o
f
the
s
y
s
tem
s
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
ch
,
l
i
ke
A
l
lmend
in
ge
r
(2009
)
,
a
r
gued
th
a
t
“p
l
an
s
shou
ld
no
t
be
seen
a
s
s
t
a
t
i
c
do
cumen
t
s
bu
t
r
a
the
r
a
s
d
yn
am
i
c
and
ch
an
g
in
g
a
s
the
s
y
s
tem
s
them
se
l
ve
s
”
(p
.
55
)
.
S
im
i
l
a
r
l
y
,
s
t
r
a
te
g
i
c
p
l
ann
in
g
12
re
co
gn
i
sed
ch
an
ge
th
rou
gh
i
t
s
roo
t
s
in
r
ap
id
l
y
ch
an
g
in
g
and
g
row
in
g
co
rpo
r
a
t
ion
s
,
wh
i
ch
needed
to
p
l
an
and
m
an
a
ge
the
i
r
own
fu
tu
re
in
t
ime
s
o
f
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
(K
au
fm
an
&
J
a
cob
s
,
1987
)
.
Commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
and
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
go
a
s
tep
fu
r
the
r
th
an
the
se
app
ro
a
che
s
.
R
a
the
r
th
an
s
imp
l
y
re
co
gn
i
s
in
g
th
a
t
p
l
a
nn
in
g
mu
s
t
a
l
low
room
fo
r
ch
an
ge
,
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
and
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
en
g
a
ge
s
t
a
keho
lde
r
s
in
t
a
l
k
and
deb
a
te
to
co
l
le
c
t
i
ve
l
y
wo
r
k
ou
t
how
to
p
l
an
fo
r
ch
an
ge
.
He
a
ley
(1992
)
,
de
s
c
r
ibe
s
p
l
ann
in
g
,
in
l
i
gh
t
o
f
the
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
app
ro
a
ch
,
“
a
s
a
p
ro
ce
s
s
fo
r
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
i
ve
l
y
,
and
in
te
r
a
c
t
i
ve
l
y
,
add
re
s
s
in
g
and
wo
r
k
in
g
ou
t
how
to
a
c
t
,
in
re
spe
c
t
o
f
sh
a
red
con
ce
rn
s
abou
t
how
f
a
r
and
how
to
‘m
an
a
ge
’
en
v
i
ronmen
t
a
l
ch
an
ge
”
(p
.
245
)
.
The
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
che
s
d
i
s
cu
s
sed
in
th
i
s
l
i
te
r
a
tu
re
re
v
iew
,
a
c
know
led
ge
and
de
a
l
w
i
th
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
l
y
.
E
a
ch
app
ro
a
ch
’
s
pe
r
cep
t
ion
o
f
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
,
and
i
t
s
le
ve
l
o
f
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion,
h
as
been
summ
a
r
i
sed
in
t
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1:
Summ
a
r
y
o
f
how
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
che
s
in
co
rpo
r
a
te
c
h
an
ge
and
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
P
l
ann
in
g
App
ro
a
ch
Mode
rn
i
s
t
p
l
ann
in
g
/
R
a
t
ion
a
l
Comp
rehen
s
i
ve
Mode
l
/
B
luep
r
in
t
p
l
ann
in
g
/
m
a
s
te
r
p
l
ann
in
g
S
t
r
a
te
g
i
c
p
l
ann
in
g
S
y
s
tem
s
P
l
ann
in
g
Pe
r
cep
t
ion
o
f
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
•De
s
i
re
to
r
a
t
ion
a
l
l
y
o
rde
r
,
and
c
re
a
te
and
con
t
ro
l
the
ch
an
g
in
g
ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
en
v
i
ronmen
t
an
th
ropo
cen
t
r
i
c
a
l
l
y
•A
l
l
cou
r
se
s
o
f
a
c
t
ion
a
re
iden
t
i
f
ied
and
e
v
a
lu
a
ted
a
g
a
in
s
t
a
l
l
re
le
v
an
t
end
s
to
a
vo
id
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
ie
s
•Mod
i
f
i
c
a
t
ion
o
f
a
p
l
an
du
r
in
g
imp
lemen
t
a
t
ion
i
s
no
t
an
t
i
c
ip
a
ted
•P
l
ann
in
g
’
s
ro
le
i
s
to
a
c
t
a
s
a
‘
loo
kou
t
’
.
Fu
tu
re
i
s
no
t
f
i
xed
;
the
re
a
re
m
an
y
po
s
s
ib
le
fu
tu
re
s
th
a
t
cou
ld
be
con
s
t
ru
c
ted
.
•Re
co
gn
i
se
s
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
•Re
co
gn
i
t
ion
th
a
t
the
wo
r
ld
i
s
comp
le
x
and
i
t
h
a
s
lo
t
s
o
f
in
te
r
conne
c
ted
p
a
r
t
s
.
•A
c
know
led
ge
s
th
a
t
ch
an
ge
c
anno
t
be
p
red
i
c
ted
w
i
th
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
.
•P
l
an
s
shou
ld
no
t
be
s
t
a
t
i
c
do
cumen
t
s
bu
t
shou
ld
be
d
yn
am
i
c
and
f
le
x
ib
le
l
i
ke
the
en
v
i
ronmen
t
the
y
a
re
p
l
ann
in
g
Le
ve
l
o
f
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
•No
s
cope
fo
r
pub
l
i
c
inpu
t
•P
l
anne
r
s
we
re
the
e
xpe
r
t
s
who
h
ad
a
l
l
the
p
r
io
r
know
led
ge
to
m
a
ke
de
c
i
s
ion
s
and
to
c
re
a
te
the
ide
a
l
c
i
t
y
•A
l
i
gned
w
i
th
the
bo
t
tom
run
g
s
o
f
A
rn
s
te
in
’
s
l
adde
r
–
the
r
ap
y
and
m
an
ipu
l
a
t
ion
(
L
ane
,
2005
)
•P
l
anne
rled
con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
a
t
s
t
a
ge
s
de
c
ided
a
t
the
be
g
inn
in
g
o
f
the
p
ro
ce
s
s
i
f
de
s
i
red
•De
g
ree
o
f
to
ken
i
sm
(
L
ane
,
2005
)
•P
l
anne
rled
con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
•Howe
ve
r
,
con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
con
s
t
r
a
ined
to
commen
t
a
r
y
on
the
go
a
l
s
o
f
the
p
l
ann
in
g
p
ro
je
c
t
•Pub
l
i
c
c
an
on
l
y
fed
in
the
i
r
r
a
t
ion
a
l
i
sed
go
a
l
s
13
In
c
remen
t
a
l
i
sm
•A
c
knowled
ge
s
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
and
th
a
t
ch
an
ge
m
a
y
o
c
cu
r
.
•Sm
a
l
l
ch
an
ge
s
m
a
y
be
m
ade
to
imp
lemen
t
a
t
ion
o
f
a
p
l
an
P
ro
ce
s
s
Mode
l
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
•Fo
cu
s
i
s
on
the
p
ro
ce
s
s
b
y
wh
i
ch
p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
done
,
r
a
the
r
th
an
the
ou
t
come
,
the
re
fo
re
p
l
an
s
c
an
ch
an
ge
i
f
new
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
i
s
re
ce
i
ved
Co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
/
Commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
•P
l
ann
in
g
i
s
an
in
te
r
a
c
t
i
ve
and
in
te
rp
re
t
i
ve
p
ro
ce
s
s
whe
re
you
wo
r
k
ou
t
how
to
re
spond
to
ch
an
ge
to
ge
the
r
•A
c
know
led
ge
s
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
th
rou
gh
a
c
know
led
g
in
g
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
op
in
ion
s
•De
g
ree
o
f
to
ken
i
sm
(
L
ane
,
2005
)
•Be
g
in
to
a
c
know
led
ge
mo
re
th
an
one
ide
a
and
a
w
ide
r
an
ge
o
f
in
te
re
s
t
s
in
p
l
ann
in
g
de
c
i
s
ionm
a
k
in
g
.
•Pub
l
i
c
c
an
on
l
y
fed
in
the
i
r
r
a
t
ion
a
l
i
sed
go
a
l
s
•No
t
de
f
ined
bu
t
c
an
be
a
s
in
c
lu
s
i
ve
o
f
pub
l
i
c
op
in
ion
a
s
the
p
ro
ce
s
s
a
l
low
s
.
I
t
i
s
a
s
sumed
i
t
w
i
l
l
in
c
lude
pub
l
i
c
inpu
t
be
c
au
se
the
fo
cu
s
i
s
on
the
p
l
ann
in
g
p
ro
ce
s
s
r
a
the
r
th
an
the
ou
t
come
.
•No
t
a
homo
genou
s
pub
l
i
c
•Engage
s
a
w
ide
r
an
ge
o
f
s
t
a
keho
lde
r
in
d
i
a
lo
gue
,
a
r
gumen
t
a
t
ion
and
d
i
s
cou
r
se
•Goe
s
be
yond
con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
and
p
l
a
c
a
t
ion
to
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
th
a
t
in
vo
l
ve
s
ne
go
t
i
a
t
ion
and
deb
a
te
to
f
ind
the
be
s
t
so
lu
t
ion
.
•De
g
ree
o
f
c
i
t
i
zen
con
t
ro
l
(
L
ane
,
2005
)
E
a
ch
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
ch
re
co
gn
i
se
s
new
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
l
y
.
In
i
t
i
a
l
l
y
,
the
r
a
t
ion
a
l
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
ch
w
a
s
top
down
and
d
r
i
ven
b
y
e
xpe
r
t
s
.
Now
,
a
l
l
app
ro
a
ch
e
s
o
f
ten
in
co
rpo
r
a
te
mon
i
to
r
in
g
,
e
v
a
lu
a
t
ion
and
re
v
iew
and
e
xp
l
i
c
i
t
l
y
in
c
lude
pub
li
c
con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
a
t
ce
r
t
a
in
s
t
a
ge
s
,
howe
ve
r
,
l
i
ke
He
a
ley
(1992
)
,
L
ane
(2005
)
a
r
gued
fo
r
the
s
y
s
tem
s
and
in
c
remen
t
a
l
app
ro
a
che
s
,
th
i
s
t
ype
o
f
con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
on
l
y
a
l
low
s
the
pub
l
i
c
to
feed
in
the
i
r
r
a
t
ion
a
l
i
sed
go
a
l
s
th
a
t
re
l
a
te
to
the
end
go
a
l
s
o
f
the
p
ro
je
c
t
,
r
a
the
r
th
an
deb
a
t
in
g
how
the
se
go
a
l
s
c
ame
to
be
.
Ap
a
r
t
f
rom
e
a
r
l
y
mode
rn
i
s
t
p
l
ann
in
g
,
a
l
l
app
ro
a
che
s
h
a
ve
an
e
lemen
t
o
f
fo
cu
s
on
the
p
ro
ce
s
s
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
,
r
a
the
r
th
an
a
se
t
ou
t
come
.
R
yd
in
(2011
)
a
r
gued
th
a
t
,
“p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
no
t
ju
s
t
an
in
te
r
ven
t
ion
in
p
ro
ce
s
se
s
o
f
u
rb
an
ch
an
ge
;
i
t
’
s
p
a
r
t
o
f
u
rb
an
ch
an
ge
”
(p
.
11)
.
The
re
fo
re
,
He
a
le
y
(1992
)
ad
vo
c
a
ted
fo
r
h
i
gh
le
ve
l
s
o
f
c
i
t
i
zen
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
and
a
r
gued
th
a
t
e
ve
r
yone
mu
s
t
wo
r
k
ou
t
how
be
s
t
to
m
an
a
ge
ch
a
n
ge
to
ge
the
r
.
2
.2 D
i
s
a
s
te
r
m
an
a
gemen
t
and
p
l
ann
in
g
Re
s
i
l
ien
ce
p
l
ann
in
g
and
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
a
re
re
a
son
ab
l
y
new
f
ie
ld
s
th
a
t
f
i
t
unde
r
the
o
ve
r
a
r
ch
in
g
p
l
ann
in
g
p
ro
fe
s
s
ion
.
Two
o
f
the
se
m
a
in
app
ro
a
che
s
fo
r
m
an
a
g
in
g
and
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
14
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
indu
ced
s
low
on
se
t
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
a
re
Di
s
a
s
te
r
Ri
s
k
Redu
c
t
ion
and
C
l
im
a
te
Ch
an
ge
Ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
.
The
se
app
ro
a
che
s
w
i
l
l
now
be
d
i
s
cu
s
sed
.
2
.2
.1 D
i
s
a
s
te
r
R
i
s
k
Redu
c
t
ion
D
i
s
a
s
te
r
R
i
s
k
Redu
c
t
ion
(DRR
)
i
s
de
f
ined
b
y
Un
i
ted
N
a
t
ion
s
In
te
rn
a
t
ion
a
l
S
t
r
a
te
g
y
fo
r
D
i
s
a
s
te
r
R
i
s
k
Redu
c
t
ion
(UN
I
SDR
)
a
s
“
the
s
y
s
tem
a
t
i
c
de
ve
lopmen
t
and
app
l
i
c
a
t
ion
o
f
po
l
i
c
ie
s
,
s
t
r
a
te
g
ie
s
and
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
s
to
m
in
im
i
se
vu
lne
r
ab
i
l
i
t
ie
s
,
h
a
z
a
rd
s
and
the
un
fo
ld
in
g
o
f
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
imp
a
c
t
s
th
rou
ghou
t
a
so
c
ie
t
y
,
in
the
b
ro
ad
con
te
x
t
o
f
su
s
t
a
in
ab
le
de
ve
lopmen
t
”
(p
.3
)
.
Thu
s
i
t
a
im
s
to
redu
ce
r
i
s
k
th
rou
gh
redu
c
in
g
e
xpo
su
re
to
th
re
a
t
s
,
m
a
k
in
g
peop
le
and
p
rope
r
t
y
le
s
s
vu
lne
r
ab
le
,
m
an
a
g
in
g
the
l
and
and
en
v
i
ronmen
t
mo
re
w
i
se
l
y
and
be
com
in
g
mo
re
p
rep
a
red
fo
r
e
ven
t
s
(Be
gum
,
S
a
r
k
a
r
,
J
a
a
f
a
r
&
Pe
re
i
r
a
,
2014
)
.
DRR
i
s
a
p
a
r
t
o
f
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
m
ana
gemen
t
.
T
yp
i
c
a
l
l
y
,
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
m
an
a
gemen
t
h
a
s
fou
r
fo
cu
s
a
re
a
s
o
r
fou
r
ph
a
se
s
.
Be
gum
e
t
a
l.
(2014
)
c
a
l
led
the
se
‘
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
ion’
(p
rep
l
ann
in
g
)
,
‘
p
rep
a
r
a
t
ion’
,
‘
re
spon
se
’
and
‘
re
co
ve
r
y
’
.
In
New
Ze
a
l
and
,
the
se
a
re
common
l
y
re
fe
r
red
to
b
y
C
i
v
i
l
De
fen
ce
and
Eme
r
gen
c
y
M
an
a
gemen
t
a
s
r
edu
c
t
ion
,
re
ad
ine
s
s
,
re
spon
se
and
re
co
ve
r
y.
Wh
i
le
,
DRR
p
r
im
a
r
i
l
y
fo
cu
se
s
on
the
f
i
r
s
t
o
f
the
se
fou
r
s
t
a
ge
s
,
‘
redu
c
t
ion
’
,
i
t
doe
sn
’
t
d
i
s
re
g
a
rd
the
o
the
r
th
ree
.
DR
R
i
s
a
b
ro
ad
app
ro
a
ch
to
h
a
z
a
rd
m
an
a
gemen
t
b
y
in
co
rpo
r
a
t
in
g
the
“w
ide
r
so
c
i
a
l
,
po
l
i
t
i
c
a
l
,
en
v
i
ronmen
t
a
l
and
e
conom
i
c
en
v
i
ronmen
t
s
in
wh
i
ch
a
h
a
z
a
rd
i
s
s
i
tu
a
ted
”
(Me
r
ce
r
,
2010
)
.
Me
r
ce
r
(2010
)
added
th
a
t
con
s
ide
r
in
g
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
and
the
w
ide
r
in
f
luen
c
in
g
f
a
c
to
r
s
o
f
h
a
z
a
rd
s
and
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
i
s
a
hu
ge
de
ve
lopmen
t
f
rom
the
p
re
v
iou
s
v
iew
,
wh
i
ch
s
aw
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
a
s
‘n
a
tu
r
a
l
e
ven
t
s
’
th
a
t
cou
ld
no
t
be
a
vo
ided
.
F
rom
know
led
ge
to
a
c
t
ion
De
sp
i
te
the
we
a
l
th
o
f
know
led
ge
in
DRR
,
G
a
i
l
l
a
rd
and
Me
r
ce
r
(2012
)
a
r
gued
the
re
i
s
a
g
ap
be
tween
know
led
ge
and
a
c
t
ion
in
DRR
and
the
re
i
s
a
need
fo
r
a
mo
re
in
te
g
r
a
t
i
ve
p
ro
ce
s
s
i
f
DRR
i
s
to
be
su
c
ce
s
s
fu
l
l
y
imp
lemen
ted
.
Thu
s
t
he
y
l
i
ken
the
re
l
a
t
ion
sh
ip
be
tween
know
led
ge
and
a
c
t
ion
to
a
b
a
t
t
le
f
ie
ld.
G
a
i
l
l
a
rd
and
Me
r
ce
r
(2012
)
a
s
sumed
“
th
a
t
the
e
s
c
a
l
a
t
in
g
o
c
cu
r
ren
ce
o
f
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s…
re
f
le
c
t
an
in
ab
i
l
i
t
y
to
b
r
id
ge
the
g
ap
be
tween
lo
c
a
l
and
s
c
ien
t
i
f
i
c
know
led
ge
,
and
bo
t
tom
up
and
topdown
a
c
t
ion
s
in
DRR
”
(p
.94
)
.
N
a
t
ion
a
l
DRR
mo
s
t
l
y
fo
l
low
s
,
a
top
down
and
comm
and
and
con
t
ro
l
mode
l
th
a
t
re
l
ie
s
on
e
xp
e
r
t
know
led
ge
and
go
ve
rnmen
t
in
te
r
ven
t
ion
wh
i
le
d
i
s
re
g
a
rd
in
g
lo
c
a
l
know
led
ge
and
a
c
t
ion
(G
a
i
l
l
a
rd
&
Me
r
ce
r
,
2012
)
.
Howe
ve
r
,
p
r
a
c
t
i
t
ione
r
s
and
non
go
ve
rnmen
t
o
r
g
an
i
s
a
t
ion
s
a
re
be
g
inn
in
g
to
unde
r
s
t
and
the
impo
r
t
an
ce
and
u
se
fu
lne
s
s
o
f
lo
c
a
l
know
led
ge
a
re
ad
voc
a
t
i
n
g
fo
r
commun
i
t
y
b
a
sed
DRR
th
a
t
in
vo
l
ve
s
tho
se
d
i
re
c
t
l
y
a
f
fe
c
ted
b
y
the
h
a
z
a
rd
(G
a
i
l
l
a
rd
&
Me
r
c
e
r
,
2012
)
.
G
a
i
l
l
a
rd
and
Me
r
ce
r
(2012
)
p
re
sen
ted
a
DRR
“
ro
adm
ap
fo
r
in
te
g
r
a
t
in
g
know
led
ge
,
a
c
t
ion
and
s
t
a
keho
lde
r
s
”
(p
.95
)
,
wh
i
ch
i
s
shown
in
f
i
gu
re
2
.
15
F
i
gu
re
2:
Ro
adm
ap
to
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
(G
a
i
l
l
a
rd
&
Me
r
ce
r
,
2012
)
G
a
i
l
l
a
rd
and
Me
r
ce
r
’
s
(2012
)
ro
adm
ap
s
t
a
r
ted
w
i
th
a
r
i
s
k
a
s
se
s
smen
t
wh
i
ch
i
s
in
c
lu
s
i
ve
and
re
co
gn
i
se
s
th
a
t
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
t
ype
s
o
f
know
led
ge
a
re
v
a
lu
ab
le
.
Ne
x
t
,
mu
l
t
ip
le
s
t
a
keho
lde
r
s
a
re
en
g
a
ged
.
DRR
i
s
mu
l
t
is
c
a
l
a
r
and
mu
l
t
i
d
imen
s
ion
a
l
the
re
fo
re
the
fu
l
l
r
an
ge
o
f
a
f
fe
c
ted
s
t
a
keho
lde
r
s
mu
s
t
be
en
g
a
ged
and
wo
r
k
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
i
ve
l
y
;
one
know
led
ge
i
s
no
t
to
be
pe
r
ce
i
ved
a
s
be
t
te
r
th
an
ano
the
r
(G
a
i
l
l
a
rd
&
Me
r
ce
r
,
2012
)
.
F
in
a
l
l
y
,
top
down
and
bo
t
tomup
s
t
r
a
te
g
ie
s
need
to
be
comb
ined
fo
r
e
f
fe
c
t
i
ve
DRR
a
c
t
ion
s
.
Me
r
ce
r
(2010
)
a
r
gued
th
a
t
g
r
a
s
s
roo
t
s
in
i
t
i
a
t
i
ve
s
,
topdown
s
t
r
a
te
g
ie
s
,
f
rom
in
te
rn
a
t
ion
a
l
o
r
n
a
t
ion
a
l
le
ve
l
,
and
lo
c
a
l
go
ve
rnmen
t
in
te
r
ven
t
ion
s
shou
ld
a
l
l
be
l
in
ked
to
en
su
re
su
s
t
a
in
ab
i
l
i
t
y
i
s
a
ch
ie
ved
.
I
t
a
l
so
me
an
s
th
a
t
a
l
l
le
ve
l
s
o
f
know
led
ge
c
an
be
in
co
rpo
r
a
ted
.
G
a
i
l
l
a
rd
and
Me
r
ce
r
(2012
)
a
r
gued
the
b
i
g
ge
s
t
d
i
f
f
i
cu
l
t
y
in
tu
rn
in
g
DRR
know
led
ge
in
to
a
c
t
ion
i
s
e
s
t
ab
l
i
sh
in
g
t
ru
s
t
be
tween
s
t
a
keho
lde
r
s
and
the
re
fo
re
c
re
a
t
ing
sp
a
ce
fo
r
th
a
t
d
i
a
lo
gue
to
h
appen
i
s
a
c
ru
c
i
a
l
componen
t
in
DRR
.
H
yo
go
F
r
amewo
r
k
fo
r
A
c
t
ion
The
H
yo
go
F
r
amewo
r
k
fo
r
A
c
t
ion
i
s
a
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
th
a
t
re
co
gn
i
se
s
an
un
ce
r
t
a
in
wo
r
ld
and
u
se
s
know
led
ge
and
edu
c
a
t
ion
to
in
c
re
a
se
re
s
i
l
ien
ce
to
ch
an
ge
.
The
H
yo
go
F
r
ame
wo
r
k
fo
r
A
c
t
ion
(H
FA
)
20052015
,
t
i
t
led
‘Bu
i
ld
in
g
the
Re
s
i
l
ien
ce
o
f
N
a
t
ion
s
and
Commun
i
t
ie
s
’
w
a
s
c
re
a
ted
b
y
the
Un
i
ted
N
a
t
ion
s
In
te
rn
a
t
ion
a
l
S
t
r
a
te
g
y
fo
r
D
i
s
a
s
te
r
Redu
c
t
ion
.
I
t
w
a
s
deb
a
ted
and
adop
ted
a
t
the
Wo
r
ld
Con
fe
ren
ce
on
D
i
s
a
s
te
r
R
i
s
k
Redu
c
t
ion
,
he
ld
in
Kobe
,
H
yo
go
,
J
ap
an
,
in
2005
,
b
y
o
ve
r
162
coun
t
r
ie
s
.
The
H
FA
i
s
a
tenye
a
r
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
to
bu
i
ld
the
re
s
i
l
ien
ce
o
f
coun
t
r
ie
s
and
commun
i
t
ie
s
,
and
redu
ce
the
16
r
i
s
k
s
to
so
c
ie
t
y
,
the
e
conom
y
and
the
en
v
i
ronmen
t
f
rom
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
(
Zhou
,
Pe
re
r
a
,
J
a
y
aw
i
c
k
r
am
a
&
Adeni
y
i
,
2014
)
.
Zhou
e
t
a
l
.
(2014
)
c
a
l
l
the
H
FA
an
“
in
te
rn
a
t
ion
a
l
b
luep
r
in
t
fo
r
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
”
(p
.
578
)
.
Con
ve
r
se
l
y
,
Be
gum
e
t
a
l
.
(2014
)
de
s
c
r
ibe
i
t
a
s
a
“
ro
ad
m
ap
fo
r
DRR
”
(p
.
364
)
,
fo
cu
s
in
g
on
the
p
ro
ce
s
s
.
The
f
i
ve
p
r
io
r
i
t
ie
s
fo
r
the
H
FA
a
re
iden
t
if
ied
b
y
UN
I
SDR
(2005
,
p
.
1
)
a
s
:
• En
su
re
th
a
t
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
(DRR
)
i
s
a
n
a
t
ion
a
l
and
a
lo
c
a
l
p
r
io
r
i
t
y
w
i
th
a
s
t
ron
g
in
s
t
i
tu
t
ion
a
l
b
a
s
i
s
fo
r
imp
lemen
t
a
t
ion
.
• Iden
t
i
f
y
,
a
s
se
s
s
and
mon
i
to
r
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
s
and
enh
an
ce
e
a
r
l
y
w
a
rn
in
g
• U
se
know
led
ge
,
inno
v
a
tion
and
edu
c
a
t
ion
to
bu
i
ld
a
cu
l
tu
re
o
f
s
a
fe
t
y
and
re
s
i
l
ien
ce
a
t
a
l
l
le
ve
l
s
• Redu
ce
the
unde
r
l
y
in
g
r
i
s
k
f
a
c
to
r
s
• S
t
ren
g
then
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
p
rep
a
redne
s
s
fo
r
e
f
fe
c
t
i
ve
re
spon
se
a
t
a
l
l
le
ve
l
s
Tw
i
g
g
(2005
,
in
Khou
e
t
a
l
.
,
2014
)
s
imp
l
i
f
ie
s
the
se
p
r
io
r
i
t
ie
s
in
to
the
f
i
ve
theme
s
th
a
t
c
an
be
iden
t
i
f
ied
a
s
f
r
a
gmen
t
s
o
f
re
s
i
l
ien
ce
;
go
ve
rn
an
ce
,
know
led
ge
and
edu
c
a
t
ion
,
r
i
s
k
m
an
a
gemen
t
and
vu
lne
r
ab
i
l
i
t
y
redu
c
t
ion
,
r
i
s
k
a
s
se
s
smen
t
,
and
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
p
rep
a
redne
s
s
and
re
spon
se
.
The
H
FA
in
c
re
a
sed
the
wo
r
ldw
ide
aw
a
rene
s
s
o
f
the
con
c
ep
t
o
f
re
s
i
l
ien
ce
a
s
i
t
i
s
the
fund
amen
t
a
l
p
r
in
c
ip
le
o
f
the
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
(D
j
a
l
an
te
,
Thom
a
l
l
a
,
S
in
apo
y
&
C
a
rne
g
ie
,
2011
)
.
Re
s
i
l
ien
ce
i
s
de
f
ined
a
s
:
The
ab
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
a
s
y
s
tem
,
commun
i
t
y
o
r
so
c
ie
t
y
e
xpo
sed
to
h
a
z
a
rd
s
to
re
s
i
s
t
,
ab
so
rb
,
a
c
commod
a
te
to
,
and
re
co
ve
r
f
rom
,
the
e
f
fe
c
t
s
o
f
a
h
a
z
a
rd
i
n
a
t
ime
l
y
and
e
f
f
i
c
ien
t
m
anne
r,
in
c
lud
in
g
th
rou
gh
the
p
re
se
r
v
a
t
ion
and
re
s
to
r
a
t
ion
o
f
i
t
s
e
s
sen
t
i
a
l
b
a
s
i
c
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
s
and
fun
c
t
ion
s
(UN
I
SDR
,
2009
,
p
.
24
)
.
Fou
r
th
in
g
s
we
re
su
g
ge
s
ted
b
y
Be
r
ke
s,
Co
ld
in
g
and
Fo
l
ke
(2003
)
a
s
impe
r
a
t
i
ve
to
in
c
re
a
s
in
g
re
s
i
l
ien
ce
:
le
a
rn
in
g
to
l
i
ve
w
i
th
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
and
ch
an
ge
;
nu
r
tu
r
in
g
v
a
r
iou
s
t
ype
s
o
f
e
co
lo
g
i
c
a
l
,
so
c
i
a
l
and
po
l
i
t
i
c
a
l
d
i
ve
r
s
i
t
y
fo
r
in
c
re
a
s
in
g
op
t
ion
s
and
redu
c
in
g
r
i
s
k
s
;
in
c
re
a
s
in
g
the
r
an
ge
o
f
know
led
ge
fo
r
le
a
rn
in
g
and
p
rob
lem
s
o
l
v
in
g
;
and
c
re
a
t
in
g
oppo
r
tun
i
t
ie
s
fo
r
se
l
fo
r
g
an
i
s
a
t
ion
,
in
c
lud
in
g
the
s
t
ren
g
then
in
g
o
f
lo
c
a
l
in
s
t
i
tu
t
ion
s
and
bu
i
ld
in
g
c
ro
s
s
s
c
a
le
l
in
k
a
ge
s
and
p
rob
lem
so
l
v
in
g
ne
two
r
k
s
.
Re
s
i
l
ien
ce
i
s
common
l
y
g
rouped
w
i
th
wo
rd
s
su
ch
a
s
vu
lne
r
ab
i
l
i
t
y
,
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
and
ad
apt
i
ve
c
ap
a
c
i
t
y
the
re
fo
re
deem
in
g
i
t
a
ke
y
con
cep
t
in
DRR
(D
j
a
l
an
te
e
t
a
l
.
,
201
2)
.
DRR
i
s
abou
t
redu
c
in
g
the
unde
r
l
y
in
g
s
t
re
s
se
s
and
c
au
se
s
o
f
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
,
the
re
fo
re
redu
c
in
g
vu
lne
r
ab
i
l
i
t
y
and
in
c
re
a
s
in
g
the
commun
i
t
y
’
s
re
s
i
l
ien
ce
and
ab
i
l
i
t
y
to
‘boun
ce
b
a
c
k
’
.
The
se
con
cep
t
s
re
co
gn
i
se
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
and
17
ch
an
ge
.
I
t
i
s
abou
t
be
in
g
p
rep
a
red
fo
r
ch
an
ge
and
re
co
gn
i
s
in
g
th
a
t
ch
an
ge
i
s
un
ce
r
t
a
in
,
and
thu
s
h
a
v
in
g
me
a
su
re
s
in
p
l
a
ce
to
de
a
l
w
i
th
th
a
t
.
Howe
ve
r
,
the
H
FA
ha
s
been
c
r
i
t
i
c
i
sed
b
y
G
a
i
l
l
a
rd
and
Me
r
ce
r
(2012
)
fo
r
be
in
g
a
nonb
ind
in
g
a
g
reemen
t
th
a
t
i
s
too
v
a
gue
and
h
a
s
no
se
t
t
a
r
ge
t
s
,
and
the
re
fo
re
w
i
l
l
no
t
re
ap
an
y
con
c
re
te
ou
t
come
s
.
En
i
a
(2013
)
a
r
gued
th
a
t
imp
lemen
t
a
t
ion
o
f
the
H
FA
h
a
s
been
‘
spo
t
t
y
’
de
sp
i
te
the
in
c
re
a
s
in
g
numbe
r
o
f
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
,
wo
r
ldw
ide
,
s
in
ce
2005
,
and
quo
te
s
the
H
FA
’
s
2011
M
idTe
rm
re
v
iew,
whi
ch
con
c
lude
s
th
a
t
the
p
ro
g
re
s
s
th
rou
ghou
t
the
wo
r
ld
in
imp
leme
n
t
in
g
i
t
h
a
s
been
i
r
re
gu
l
a
r
.
En
i
a
(2013
)
u
sed
the
pub
l
i
c
good
s
f
r
amewo
r
k
to
e
xp
l
a
in
wh
y
coope
r
a
t
ion
and
coo
rd
in
a
t
ion
o
f
the
H
FA
m
a
y
be
d
i
f
f
i
cu
l
t,
and
imp
lemen
t
a
t
ion
p
a
t
ch
y
.
Imp
ro
v
in
g
re
s
i
l
ien
ce
and
de
c
re
a
s
in
g
vu
lne
r
ab
i
l
i
t
y
to
redu
ce
the
r
i
s
k
to
commun
i
t
ie
s
i
s
u
l
t
im
a
te
l
y
con
ce
rned
w
i
th
imp
ro
v
in
g
pub
l
i
c
good
s
.
Be
c
au
se
o
f
the
non
r
i
v
a
l
and
non
e
x
c
lud
ab
le
n
a
tu
re
o
f
pub
l
i
c
good
s
no
pe
r
son
h
a
s
in
cen
t
i
ve
to
imp
ro
ve
pub
l
i
c
good
s
.
Fo
r
e
x
amp
le
,
fu
l
l
y
comp
l
y
in
g
w
i
th
the
bu
i
ld
in
g
code
in
a
h
a
z
a
rd
zone
p
rodu
ce
s
a
pub
l
i
c
good
and
the
ne
i
ghbou
r
in
g
p
rope
r
t
ie
s
w
i
l
l
bene
f
i
t
f
rom
h
a
v
in
g
a
s
a
fe
,
su
i
t
ab
le
bu
i
ld
in
g
ne
x
t
to
them
re
g
a
rd
le
s
s
o
f
whe
the
r
the
y
h
a
ve
con
t
r
ibu
ted
to
the
pub
l
i
c
good
them
se
l
ve
s
(
En
i
a
,
2013
)
.
Zhou
e
t
a
l
.
(2014
)
,
iden
t
i
f
ied
edu
c
a
t
ion
a
s
an
impo
r
t
an
t
p
r
io
r
i
t
y
o
f
the
H
FA
,
bu
t
a
l
so
one
th
a
t
p
ro
v
ide
s
ch
a
l
len
ge
s
fo
r
the
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
be
yond
2015
.
P
r
io
r
i
t
y
th
ree
p
romo
te
s
the
u
se
o
f
know
led
ge
,
inno
v
a
t
ion
and
edu
c
a
t
ion
to
imp
ro
ve
re
s
i
l
ien
ce
.
Zhou
e
t
a
l
.
(2014
)
a
r
gue
d
th
a
t
edu
c
a
t
ion
i
s
a
ke
y
f
a
c
to
r
o
f
redu
c
in
g
the
r
i
s
k
and
imp
a
c
t
s
o
f
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
,
howe
ve
r
a
l
a
c
k
o
f
edu
c
a
t
ion
i
s
a
l
so
a
m
a
jo
r
ch
a
l
len
ge
o
f
DRR
.
S
im
i
l
a
r
l
y
,
G
a
i
l
l
a
rd
and
Me
r
ce
r
(2012
)
a
r
gued
th
a
t
edu
c
a
t
ion
i
s
needed
in
o
rde
r
to
con
ve
r
t
DRR
p
l
ann
in
g
and
po
l
i
c
y
in
to
a
c
t
ion
.
Be
c
au
se
DRR
in
co
rpo
r
a
te
s
th
i
s
le
ve
l
o
f
pub
l
i
c
edu
c
a
t
ion
o
f
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y,
i
t
o
ve
r
come
s
c
r
i
t
ique
s
o
f
be
in
g
an
ine
f
fe
c
t
i
ve
,
nonb
ind
in
g
s
t
r
a
te
g
y,
and
p
ro
ve
s
i
t
c
an
s
t
i
l
l
a
ch
ie
ve
i
t
s
go
a
l
s
in
imp
lemen
t
a
t
ion
.
Fo
rm
a
l
and
in
fo
rm
a
l
e
du
c
a
t
ion,
a
t
in
te
rn
a
t
ion
a
l
,
n
a
t
ion
a
l
,
re
g
ion
a
l
and
lo
c
a
l
le
ve
l
s
,
i
s
needed
po
s
t
H
FA,
in
2015
and
be
yond
,
i
f
DRR
i
s
the
be
su
c
ce
s
s
fu
l
(
Zhou
e
t
a
l
.
,
2014
)
.
Po
s
t2015
F
r
amewo
r
k
fo
r
D
i
s
a
s
te
r
R
i
s
k
Redu
c
t
ion
The
Send
a
i
F
r
amewo
r
k
fo
r
D
i
s
a
s
te
r
R
i
s
k
Redu
c
t
ion
2015
2030
rep
l
a
ced
the
H
FA
in
M
a
r
ch
2015
a
t
the
Th
i
rd
Un
i
ted
N
a
t
ion
s
Wo
r
ld
Con
fe
ren
ce
.
A
t
th
i
s
con
fe
ren
ce
the
p
ro
g
re
s
s
o
f
the
H
FA
and
the
ne
x
t
s
tep
s
fo
r
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
m
an
a
gemen
t
we
re
d
i
s
cu
s
sed
.
The
H
FA
e
s
t
ab
l
i
sh
ed
aw
a
rene
s
s
o
f
,
gene
r
a
ted
comm
i
tmen
t
to
,
and
de
ve
loped
a
c
t
ion
s
fo
r
,
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
and
bu
i
ld
in
g
re
s
i
l
ien
ce
(Un
i
ted
N
a
t
ion
s
,
2015
)
.
Howe
ve
r
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
h
a
ve
con
t
inued
to
o
c
cu
r
,
m
an
y
o
f
wh
i
ch
a
re
e
x
a
ce
rb
a
ted
b
y
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
,
and
s
low
se
t
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
be
in
g
p
a
r
t
i
cu
l
a
r
l
y
de
v
a
s
t
a
t
in
g
to
commun
i
t
ie
s
.
The
re
fo
re
,
“i
t
i
s
u
r
gen
t
and
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
to
an
t
i
c
ip
a
te
,
p
l
an
fo
r
,
and
redu
ce
,
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
in
o
rde
r
to
mo
re
e
f
fe
c
t
i
ve
l
y
18
p
ro
te
c
t
pe
r
son
s
,
commun
i
t
ie
s
and
coun
t
r
ie
s
,
the
i
r
l
i
ve
l
ihood
s
,
he
a
l
th
,
cu
l
tu
r
a
l
he
r
i
t
a
ge
,
s
o
c
ioe
conom
i
c
a
s
se
t
s
and
e
co
s
y
s
tem
s
,
and
thu
s
s
t
ren
g
then
the
i
r
re
s
i
l
ien
ce
”
(Un
i
ted
N
a
t
ion
s
,
2015
,
p
.10
)
.
Th
i
s
be
c
ame
the
a
im
o
f
the
Send
a
i
F
r
amewo
r
k
fo
r
D
i
s
a
s
te
r
R
i
s
k
Redu
c
t
ion
.
To
a
ch
ie
ve
th
i
s
ou
t
come
,
the
fo
l
low
in
g
fou
r
p
r
io
r
i
t
y
a
re
a
s
we
re
se
t
:
P
r
io
r
i
t
y
1:
Unde
r
s
t
and
in
g
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
.
P
r
io
r
i
t
y
2
:
S
t
ren
g
then
in
g
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
go
ve
rn
an
ce
to
m
an
a
ge
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
.
P
r
io
r
i
t
y
3
:
In
ve
s
t
in
g
in
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
fo
r
re
s
i
l
ien
ce
.
P
r
io
r
i
t
y
4
:
Enh
an
c
in
g
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
p
rep
a
redne
s
s
fo
r
e
f
fe
c
t
i
ve
re
spon
se
and
to
“Bu
i
ld
B
a
c
k
Be
t
te
r
”
in
re
co
ve
r
y
,
reh
ab
i
l
i
t
a
t
ion
and
re
con
s
t
ru
c
t
ion
.
(Un
i
ted
N
a
t
ion
s
,
2015
)
I
t
i
s
too
e
a
r
l
y
to
be
ab
le
to
a
s
se
s
s
the
Send
a
i
F
r
amewo
r
k
,
a
s
i
t
h
a
s
on
l
y
ju
s
t
been
e
s
t
ab
l
i
shed
.
Howe
ve
r
,
the
p
r
io
r
i
t
y
a
re
a
s
it
iden
t
i
f
ie
s
,
bu
i
ld
on
the
H
FA
and
the
re
fo
re
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
shou
ld
con
t
inue
in
a
po
s
i
t
i
ve
d
i
re
c
t
ion
w
i
th
imp
lemen
t
a
t
ion
o
f
the
Send
a
i
F
r
amewo
r
k
.
2
.2
.2 C
l
im
a
te
Ch
an
ge
Ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
D
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
ie
s
a
re
usu
a
l
l
y
fo
cu
sed
on
sudden
sho
c
k
s
,
fo
r
e
x
amp
le
e
a
r
thqu
a
ke
s
,
vo
l
c
an
i
c
e
rup
t
ion
s
o
r
f
l
a
sh
f
lood
in
g
.
C
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
indu
ced
h
a
z
a
rd
s
,
tend
to
be
o
ve
r
a
lon
ge
r
te
rm
and
s
low
on
se
t
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
,
howe
ve
r
sudden
sho
c
k
s
c
an
be
e
x
a
ce
rb
a
ted
b
y
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
.
C
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
the
re
fo
re
co
ve
r
s
a
b
ro
ade
r
su
i
te
o
f
sudden
sho
c
k
s
and
lon
g
eme
r
gen
c
ie
s
.
C
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
(CCA
)
h
a
s
the
s
ame
a
gend
a
a
s
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
(DRR
);
to
u
l
t
im
a
te
l
y
redu
ce
vu
lne
r
ab
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
r
i
s
k
s
and
in
c
re
a
se
re
s
i
l
ien
ce
.
Howe
ve
r
the
f
ield
s
h
a
ve
de
ve
loped
sep
a
r
a
te
l
y
.
CCA
i
s
“
the
ad
ju
s
tmen
t
o
f
n
a
tu
r
a
l
o
r
hum
an
s
y
s
tem
s
in
re
spon
se
to
a
c
tu
a
l
o
r
e
xpe
c
ted
c
l
im
a
t
i
c
s
t
imu
l
i
o
r
the
i
r
e
f
fe
c
t
s
,
wh
i
ch
mode
r
a
te
s
h
a
rm
o
r
e
xp
lo
i
t
s
bene
f
i
c
i
a
l
oppo
r
tun
i
t
ie
s
”
(Be
gum
e
t
a
l
.
,
2014
)
.
Ad
ap
t
in
g
to
c
l
im
a
te
ch
ange
i
s
impo
r
t
an
t
fo
r
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
o
f
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
indu
ced
h
a
z
a
rd
s
,
o
r
imp
a
c
t
s
th
a
t
a
re
e
x
a
ce
rb
a
ted
b
y
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
,
and
i
t
m
a
y
he
lp
to
in
c
re
a
se
fu
tu
re
re
s
i
l
ien
ce
(Be
gum
e
t
a
l
.
,
2014
)
.
Ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
requ
i
re
s
m
an
y
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
a
c
t
ion
s
a
c
ro
s
s
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
s
c
a
le
s
and
in
vo
l
ve
s
mu
l
t
ip
le
s
t
a
keho
lde
r
s
.
CCA
a
im
s
to
de
c
re
a
se
vu
lne
r
ab
i
l
i
t
y
b
y
ch
an
g
in
g
the
e
xpo
su
re
o
r
redu
c
in
g
the
sen
s
i
t
i
v
i
t
y
o
f
a
s
y
s
tem
to
r
i
s
k
s
,
o
r
b
y
in
c
re
a
s
in
g
a
s
y
s
tem
’
s
c
ap
a
c
i
t
y
to
ad
ap
t
to
,
o
r
a
c
commod
a
te
,
r
i
s
k
(Be
gun
e
t
a
l
.
,
2014
)
.
19
2
.2
.3 S
im
i
l
a
r
i
t
ie
s
and
d
i
f
fe
ren
ce
s
be
tween
DRR
and
CCA
The
re
a
re
some
ke
y
s
im
i
l
a
r
i
t
ie
s
be
tween
CCA
and
DRR
,
de
sp
i
te
be
in
g
de
ve
loped
,
and
ope
r
a
t
in
g
,
sep
a
r
a
te
l
y
.
Th
e
fund
amen
t
a
l
common
a
l
i
t
y
i
s
th
a
t
bo
th
CCA
and
DRR
a
im
to
redu
ce
the
vu
lne
r
ab
i
l
i
t
y
,
and
in
c
re
a
se
the
re
s
i
l
i
en
ce
,
o
f
commun
i
t
ie
s
to
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
re
l
a
ted
h
a
z
a
rd
s
and
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
(Be
gum
e
t
a
l
.
,
2014
)
.
The
ke
y
s
im
i
l
a
r
i
t
ie
s
and
d
i
f
fe
ren
ce
s
in
the
app
ro
a
ch
to
DRR
and
CCA
a
re
b
r
ie
f
l
y
shown
in
f
i
gu
re
3
,
an
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
o
f
a
bo
x
con
s
t
ru
c
ted
b
y
Thom
a
l
l
a
,
Down
in
g
,
Sp
an
ge
r
S
ie
g
f
r
ied
,
H
an
&
Ro
c
k
s
t
rom
(2006
)
.
F
i
gu
re
3:
Gene
r
a
l
ch
a
r
a
c
te
r
i
s
a
t
ion
o
f
the
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
and
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
commun
i
t
ie
s
(
Thom
a
l
l
a
e
t
a
l
.
,
2006
)
Thom
a
l
l
a
e
t
a
l
.
(2006
)
,
in
f
i
gu
re
3
,
iden
t
i
f
y
th
a
t
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
g
e
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
i
s
a
lon
ge
r
te
rm
r
i
s
k
m
an
a
gemen
t
app
ro
a
ch
be
c
au
se
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
o
f
th
i
s
n
a
tu
re
tend
to
be
lon
g
eme
r
gen
c
ie
s
.
In
the
i
r
op
in
ion
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
requ
i
re
s
a
s
t
ron
g
re
l
i
an
ce
on
s
c
ien
ce
,
a
topdown
app
ro
a
ch
,
o
ve
r
a
g
lob
a
l
s
c
a
le
and
i
s
in
te
rd
i
s
c
ip
l
in
a
r
y
.
Con
ve
r
se
l
y,
Thom
a
l
l
a
e
t
a
l
.
(2006
)
iden
t
i
f
y
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
a
s
a
sho
r
te
r
te
rm
app
ro
a
ch
fo
r
sudden
sho
c
k
s
,
wh
i
ch
i
s
fo
cu
sed
a
t
a
lo
c
a
l
s
c
a
le
and
the
re
fo
re
i
s
mo
re
commun
i
t
y
b
a
sed
,
fo
cu
se
s
on
aw
a
rene
s
s
and
p
rep
a
redne
s
s,
and
in
co
rpo
r
a
te
s
bo
t
h
en
g
inee
r
in
g
and
n
a
tu
r
a
l
s
c
ien
ce
s
.
2
.2
.4 In
te
g
r
a
t
ion
o
f
DRR
and
CCA
D
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
a
re
o
c
cu
r
r
in
g
mo
re
f
requen
t
l
y
and
w
i
l
l
be
e
x
a
ce
rb
a
ted
b
y
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
(Be
gum
e
t
a
l
.
,
2014
)
.
Due
to
th
i
s
re
l
a
t
ion
sh
ip
,
p
lu
s
the
common
con
cep
t
s
o
f
vu
lne
r
ab
i
l
i
t
y
and
re
s
i
l
ien
ce
i
t
i
s
bene
f
i
c
i
a
l
to
l
in
k
DRR
and
CCA
app
ro
a
che
s
fo
r
imp
ro
ved
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
and
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
m
an
a
gemen
t
(Be
gum
e
t
a
l
,
2014
;
Thom
a
l
l
a
e
t
a
l
.
,
2006
;
Me
r
ce
r
,
2010
)
.
In
te
g
r
a
t
ion
o
f
DRR
and
CCA
wou
ld
he
lp
a
ch
ie
ve
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
m
an
a
gemen
t
fo
r
lon
g
eme
r
gen
c
ie
s
and
sudden
sho
c
k
s
,
and
wou
ld
the
re
fo
re
a
ch
ie
ve
ho
l
i
s
t
i
c
m
an
a
gemen
t
o
f
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
and
h
a
z
a
rd
s
(Be
gum
e
t
a
l
.
,
2014
)
.
20
Be
gum
e
t
a
l
.
(2014
)
iden
t
i
f
ied
the
ke
y
bene
f
i
t
s
o
f
in
te
g
r
a
t
ion
a
s
:
• Be
t
te
r
u
se
o
f
re
sou
r
ce
s
.
Fo
r
e
x
amp
le
,
dup
l
i
c
a
ted
e
f
fo
r
t
s
and
adm
in
i
s
t
r
a
t
i
ve
ine
f
f
i
c
ien
c
ies
wou
ld
be
a
vo
ided
and
app
ro
a
che
s
cou
ld
be
come
mo
re
co
s
te
f
fe
c
t
i
ve
.
• Be
t
te
r
qu
a
l
i
t
y
d
a
t
a
and
p
red
i
c
t
ion
s
fo
r
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
,
and
a
l
so
mo
re
know
led
ge
and
e
xpe
r
ien
ce
in
bo
th
CCA
and
DRR
,
due
to
the
w
ide
r
an
ge
o
f
go
ve
rnmen
t
o
r
g
an
i
s
a
t
ion
s
,
NGO
s
,
e
xpe
r
t
s
,
in
te
rna
t
ion
a
l
en
t
i
t
ie
s
and
lo
c
a
l
en
t
i
t
ie
s
in
vo
l
ved
.
• Le
s
s
lo
s
s
re
l
a
ted
to
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
due
to
the
in
vo
l
vemen
t
o
f
DRR
me
a
su
re
s
.
• A
c
ce
le
r
a
ted
redu
c
t
ion
in
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
and
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
to
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
.
• Con
t
r
ibu
t
ion
to
su
s
t
a
in
abi
l
i
t
y
th
rou
gh
a
ch
ie
v
in
g
a
be
t
te
r
en
v
i
ronmen
t
fo
r
p
re
sen
t
and
fu
tu
re
gene
r
a
t
ion
s
.
The
fund
amen
t
a
l
con
cep
t
o
f
DRR
i
s
redu
c
t
ion
and
the
f
i
r
s
t
s
tep
i
s
p
re
ven
t
ion
.
To
e
f
fe
c
t
i
ve
l
y
redu
ce
vu
lne
r
ab
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
bo
th
h
a
z
a
rd
s
and
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
a
w
ide
r
an
ge
o
f
s
t
a
keho
lde
r
s
mu
s
t
be
in
co
rpo
r
a
ted
and
a
c
t
ion
s
mu
s
t
be
imp
lemen
ted
a
t
a
l
l
le
ve
l
s
o
f
go
ve
rn
an
ce
f
rom
in
te
rn
a
t
ion
a
l
o
r
g
an
i
s
a
t
ion
s
to
commun
i
t
y
g
roup
s
(Be
gum
e
t
a
l
.
,
2014
)
.
Me
r
ce
r
(2010
)
a
r
gued
th
a
t
DRR
in
vo
l
ve
s
bo
th
top
down
and
bo
t
tomup
app
ro
a
che
s
,
wh
i
le
CCA
i
s
d
r
i
ven
b
y
topdown
,
in
te
rn
a
t
ion
a
l
po
l
i
c
y
th
a
t
i
s
f
a
r
remo
ved
f
rom
the
e
f
fe
c
ted
commun
i
t
ie
s
.
Thu
s
,
“DRR
p
ro
v
ide
s
a
n
a
tu
r
a
l
en
t
r
y
po
in
t
fo
r
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
”
(Be
gum
e
t
a
l
.
,
2014
,
p
.
368
)
.
Mo
re
spe
c
i
f
i
c
a
l
l
y
,
commun
i
t
y
b
a
sed
DRR
cou
ld
be
a
good
p
l
a
ce
to
in
je
c
t
CCA
and
conne
c
t
in
te
rn
a
t
ion
a
l
c
l
im
a
te
po
l
i
c
y
w
i
th
commun
i
t
y
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
wo
r
k
,
wh
i
ch
Me
r
ce
r
(2010
)
e
xp
l
a
ined
h
ad
su
c
ce
s
s
fu
l
l
y
been
a
ch
ie
ved
in
P
apu
a
New
Gu
ine
a
,
an
i
s
l
and
n
a
t
ion
f
a
c
in
g
the
e
f
fe
c
t
s
o
f
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
.
2
.3 Co
a
s
t
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
and
R
i
s
k
M
an
a
gemen
t
Th
i
s
se
c
t
ion
in
ve
s
t
i
g
a
te
s
h
a
z
a
rd
m
an
a
gemen
t
app
ro
a
che
s
in
the
co
a
s
t
a
l
en
v
i
ronmen
t
,
loo
k
in
g
a
t
the
common
p
ro
te
c
t
,
a
c
commod
a
te
and
re
t
re
a
t
app
ro
a
che
s
to
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
,
bu
t
fo
cu
s
in
g
on
the
bene
f
i
t
s
and
ch
a
l
len
ge
s
o
f
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
,
and
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
a
s
an
a
l
te
rn
a
t
i
ve
.
“C
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
indu
ced
co
a
s
t
a
l
imp
a
c
t
s
a
re
fund
amen
t
a
l
l
y
a
l
te
r
in
g
the
f
ie
ld
o
f
co
a
s
t
a
l
m
an
a
gemen
t
p
l
ann
in
g
b
y
a
c
ce
le
r
a
t
in
g
the
need
fo
r
inno
v
a
t
i
ve
s
t
r
a
te
g
ie
s
to
comb
a
t
the
a
s
so
c
i
a
ted
s
to
rm
su
r
ge
,
e
ro
s
ion
,
s
a
l
in
i
z
a
t
ion
and
f
lood
in
g
”
(D
y
c
km
an,
S
t
.
John
&
London
,
2014
)
.
New
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
w
i
l
l
no
t
p
re
sen
t
them
se
l
ve
s
a
s
a
re
su
l
t
o
f
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
;
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
w
i
l
l
howe
ve
r
ch
an
ge
the
d
r
i
v
in
g
fo
r
ce
s
o
f
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
,
re
su
l
t
in
g
in
the
n
a
tu
re
and
e
x
ten
t
o
f
cu
r
ren
t
h
a
z
a
rd
s
be
in
g
enh
an
ced
21
(M
in
i
s
t
r
y
fo
r
the
En
v
i
ronmen
t
,
2009
)
.
D
y
c
km
an
e
t
a
l
.
(2014
)
a
r
gued
th
a
t
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
indu
ced
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
h
a
ve
th
ree
m
a
in
sou
r
ce
s
:
on
go
in
g
de
ve
lopmen
t
o
f
co
a
s
t
a
l
a
re
a
s
;
lon
g
te
rm
sho
re
l
ine
ch
an
ge
s
;
and
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
.
Se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
i
s
p
red
i
c
ted
,
b
y
the
2014
In
te
r
go
ve
rnmen
t
a
l
P
ane
l
on
C
l
im
a
te
Ch
an
ge
(
IP
CC
)
repo
r
t,
to
r
an
ge
be
tween
0
.27m
and
1m
,
bu
t
i
t
w
i
l
l
d
i
f
fe
r
a
c
ro
s
s
the
wo
r
ld
(
IPCC
,
2014
)
.
Howe
ve
r
,
a
lo
t
o
f
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
su
r
round
s
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
p
red
i
c
t
ion
s
(P
a
r
l
i
amen
t
a
r
y
Comm
i
s
s
ione
r
fo
r
the
En
v
i
ronmen
t
,
2014
;
Re
is
in
ge
r
e
t
a
l
.
,
2015
)
.
The
m
an
a
gemen
t
o
f
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
ard
s
th
a
t
a
re
e
x
a
ce
rb
a
ted
b
y
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
f
a
l
l
s
in
to
th
ree
c
a
te
go
r
ie
s
:
p
ro
te
c
t
,
a
c
commod
a
te
and
re
t
re
a
t
(N
i
cho
l
l
s
,
&
Sh
ih
,
2007;
A
le
x
ande
r
,
R
y
an
,
&
Me
a
sh
am
,
2012
;
Kou
s
k
y
,
2014;
Re
i
s
in
ge
r
e
t
a
l
.
,
2015
)
.
A
le
x
ande
r
e
t
a
l
.
(2012
)
,
iden
t
i
f
y
p
ro
t
e
c
t
ion
w
i
th
h
a
rd
,
en
g
inee
red
de
fen
ce
s
;
a
c
commod
a
t
ion
w
i
th
a
redu
c
t
ion
in
sen
s
i
t
i
v
i
t
y
o
r
e
xpo
su
re
to
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
;
and
re
t
re
a
t
w
i
th
the
l
andw
a
rd
re
lo
c
a
t
ion
o
f
vu
lne
r
ab
le
p
rope
r
t
ie
s
and
in
f
r
a
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
.
P
ro
te
c
t
ion
f
rom
,
and
a
c
comod
a
t
ion
to
,
cu
r
ren
t
h
a
z
a
rds
,
i
s
t
r
ad
i
t
ion
a
l
l
y
the
common
ap
ro
a
ch
in
co
a
s
t
a
l
m
an
a
gemen
t
.
Coope
r
(2003
)
re
co
gn
i
sed
th
a
t
in
En
g
l
and
,
h
a
rd
de
fen
ce
s
a
re
the
s
t
and
a
rd
app
ro
a
ch
.
He
see
s
th
i
s
app
ro
a
ch
a
s
a
sho
r
t
s
i
gh
ted
and
p
ie
ceme
a
l
so
lu
t
ion
wh
i
ch
c
an
h
a
ve
ne
g
a
t
i
ve
e
f
fe
c
t
s
fo
r
o
the
r
lo
c
a
tion
s
a
lon
g
the
co
a
s
t
.
S
im
i
l
a
r
l
y
,
Re
i
s
in
ge
r
e
t
a
l
.
(2015
)
,
s
t
a
ted
th
a
t
New
Ze
a
l
and
h
a
s
t
r
ad
i
t
ion
a
l
l
l
y
t
a
ken
a
‘ho
ld
the
l
ine
’
app
ro
a
ch
o
r
an
a
c
commod
a
t
ion
to
cu
r
ren
t
h
a
z
a
rd
s
.
Re
i
s
in
ge
r
e
t
a
l
.
(2015
)
c
a
l
led
th
i
s
a
s
t
a
t
i
c
re
spon
se
th
a
t
m
a
y
be
co
me
in
c
re
a
s
in
g
l
y
f
ru
i
t
le
s
s
due
to
a
l
a
c
k
o
f
re
co
gn
i
t
ion
o
f
the
d
yn
am
i
c
i
t
y
o
f
the
co
a
s
t
a
l
en
v
i
ronmen
t
.
Wh
i
le
h
a
rd
de
fen
ce
s
h
a
ve
been
the
c
l
a
s
s
i
c
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
ion
too
l
fo
r
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
,
“
a
s
the
th
r
re
a
t
o
f
hum
anindu
ced
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
and
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
be
come
mo
re
p
ronoun
ced
,
a
w
ide
r
r
an
ge
o
f
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
op
t
ion
s
h
a
ve
to
be
con
s
ide
red
”
(N
i
cho
l
l
s
&
Sh
ih
,
2007
,
p
.
1525
)
and
a
mo
re
d
yn
am
i
c
,
f
le
x
ib
le
app
ro
a
ch
i
s
needed
(Re
i
s
in
ge
r
e
t
a
l
.
,
2015
)
.
2
.3
.1 M
an
a
ged
Re
t
re
a
t
M
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
i
s
a
“
s
t
r
a
te
g
i
c
de
c
i
s
ion
to
w
i
thd
r
aw
,
re
lo
c
a
te
o
r
ab
andon
p
r
i
v
a
te
o
r
pub
l
i
c
a
s
se
t
s
th
a
t
a
re
a
t
r
i
s
k
o
f
be
in
g
imp
a
c
ted
b
y
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
”
(M
in
i
s
t
r
y
fo
r
the
En
v
i
ronmen
t
,
2009
,
p
.
28
)
.
I
t
i
s
a
lon
g
te
rm
,
p
ro
a
c
t
i
ve
me
thod
o
f
ad
ap
t
i
ve
m
an
a
gemen
t
to
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
r
a
the
r
th
an
the
a
l
te
rn
a
t
i
ve
o
f
h
a
rd
p
ro
t
e
c
t
ion
(
Rei
s
in
ge
r
e
t
a
l
.
,
2015
)
.
D
y
c
km
an
e
t
a
l
.
(2014
)
c
a
l
led
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
“
an
a
c
adem
i
c
ide
a
l
”
(p
.
213
)
.
The
l
i
te
r
a
tu
re
show
s
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
i
s
“unque
s
t
ion
ab
l
y
con
t
ro
ve
r
s
i
a
l
”
(p
.
101
)
.
A
l
thou
gh
i
t
h
a
s
been
u
sed
in
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
in
G
r
an
th
am
,
Au
s
t
r
a
l
i
a,
a
f
te
r
the
2011
f
l
a
sh
f
lood
s
,
and
v
a
r
iou
s
subu
rb
s
o
f
S
t
a
ten
I
s
l
and
,
New
Yo
r
k
,
a
f
te
r
Hu
r
r
i
c
ane
S
and
y
in
2012
.
I
t
i
s
mo
s
t
con
t
ro
ve
r
s
i
a
l
in
de
ve
loped
We
s
te
rn
coun
t
r
ie
s,
whe
re
l
and
r
i
gh
t
s
m
a
ke
i
t
h
a
rde
r
to
re
t
re
a
t
be
c
au
se
l
and
i
s
‘owned
’
b
y
ind
i
v
idu
a
l
s
.
Howe
ve
r
in
nom
ad
i
c
commun
i
t
ie
s
,
o
r
whe
re
l
and
r
i
gh
t
s
a
re
tenuou
s
,
peop
le
a
re
22
d
i
sp
l
a
ced
o
r
choose
to
le
a
ve
rou
t
ine
l
y
.
Thu
s
,
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
i
s
l
aden
w
i
th
le
g
a
l
and
cu
l
tu
re
v
a
lue
s
,
m
a
k
in
g
i
t
somewh
a
t
con
te
s
ted
.
A
le
x
ande
r
e
t
a
l
.
(2012
)
re
co
gn
i
sed
th
a
t
“
i
t
i
s
e
xpe
c
ted
th
a
t
co
a
s
t
a
l
lo
c
a
t
ion
s
w
i
th
h
i
gh
l
y
v
a
lued
and
immo
v
ab
le
a
s
se
t
s
,
s
u
ch
a
s
c
i
t
ie
s
,
w
i
l
l
m
i
t
i
g
a
te
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
r
i
s
k
s
b
y
in
ve
s
t
in
g
in
e
xpen
s
i
ve
p
ro
te
c
t
ion
and
a
c
commod
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
ie
s
”
(p
.
410
)
.
M
in
i
s
t
r
y
fo
r
the
En
v
i
ronmen
t
(2009
)
gu
id
an
ce
su
g
ge
s
ted
th
a
t
c
o
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
be
a
vo
ided
a
s
a
p
re
c
au
t
ion
.
P
l
ann
in
g
con
t
ro
l
s
c
an
be
imp
lemen
ted
to
lo
c
a
te
p
ropo
sed
new
de
ve
lopmen
t
be
yond
the
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd,
and
edu
c
a
t
ion
,
l
and
u
se
p
l
ann
in
g
,
ru
le
s
,
bu
i
ld
in
g
con
t
ro
l
s
and
con
sen
t
s
,
and
nons
t
a
tu
to
r
y
s
t
r
a
te
g
ie
s
a
re
me
ch
an
i
s
m
s
th
a
t
c
an
be
u
sed
to
a
vo
id
,
redu
ce
and
m
an
a
ge
h
a
z
a
rd
s
in
de
ve
loped
a
re
a
s
(M
in
i
s
t
r
y
fo
r
the
En
v
i
ronmen
t
,
2009
)
.
D
y
c
km
an
e
t
a
l
.
(2014
)
a
g
reed
th
a
t
a
vo
id
an
ce
m
a
y
be
the
be
s
t
re
spon
se
to
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
in
unde
ve
loped
a
re
a
s
,
bu
t
the
y
d
i
s
a
g
reed
w
i
th
A
le
x
ande
r
e
t
a
l
.
(2012
)
and
in
s
te
ad
con
c
luded
th
a
t
in
de
ve
loped
a
re
a
s
,
l
andw
a
rd
re
lo
c
a
t
ion
o
f
a
s
se
t
s
m
a
y
be
p
re
fe
ren
t
i
a
l
(D
y
c
km
an
e
t
a
l
.
,
2014
)
.
Re
i
s
in
ge
r
e
t
a
l
.
(2015
)
a
g
reed
th
a
t
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
c
an
be
“
an
add
i
t
ion
a
l
too
l
to
p
romo
te
the
re
s
i
l
ien
ce
o
f
h
i
gh
l
y
de
ve
loped
c
ap
i
t
a
l
re
g
ion
s
and
to
in
c
re
a
se
the
f
le
x
ib
i
l
t
i
y
o
f
lo
c
a
l
re
spon
se
op
t
ion
s
”
(p
.
285
)
.
Bene
f
i
t
s
The
re
a
re
con
s
ide
r
ab
le
bene
f
i
t
s
o
f
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
.
N
icho
l
l
s
and
Sh
ih
(2007
)
su
g
ge
s
ted
th
a
t
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
i
s
w
ide
l
y
re
co
gn
i
sed
fo
r
imp
ro
v
in
g
co
a
s
t
a
l
de
fence
and
redu
c
in
g
fu
tu
re
r
i
s
k
,
enh
an
c
in
g
and
p
ro
te
c
t
in
g
h
ab
i
ta
t
s
and
the
re
fo
re
be
in
g
a
su
s
t
a
in
ab
le
co
a
s
t
a
l
m
an
an
a
gemen
t
app
ro
a
ch
.
Coope
r
(2003
)
a
l
so
re
co
gn
i
sed
the
bene
f
i
t
s
o
f
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
.
The
th
ree
s
i
gn
i
f
i
c
an
t
bene
f
i
t
s
su
g
ge
s
ted
b
y
Coope
r
(2003
)
a
re
:
(1)
th
a
t
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
i
s
a
mo
re
e
f
f
i
c
ien
t
and
e
f
fe
c
t
i
ve
op
t
ion
fo
r
f
lood
de
fen
ce
and
co
a
s
t
a
l
m
an
a
gemen
t
;
(2
)
th
a
t
i
t
he
lp
s
the
i
s
sue
o
f
co
a
s
t
a
l
squee
ze
whe
re
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
ab
i
ta
t
s
a
re
lo
s
t
due
to
r
i
s
in
g
se
a
le
ve
l
s
con
sum
in
g
the
sp
a
ce
be
fo
re
the
p
ro
te
c
t
ion
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
and
;
(3
)
th
a
t
i
t
i
s
e
conom
i
c
a
l
l
y
ad
v
an
t
a
geou
s
fo
r
p
l
a
ce
s
whe
re
i
t
i
s
be
com
in
g
une
conom
i
c
a
l
to
m
a
in
t
a
in
h
a
rd
de
fen
ce
s
comp
a
red
to
the
v
a
lue
o
f
a
s
se
t
s
a
t
r
i
s
k
.
M
an
an
ged
re
t
re
a
t
a
l
so
t
a
ke
s
in
to
a
c
coun
t
the
s
a
fe
t
y
o
f
the
who
le
co
a
s
t
a
l
commun
i
t
y
be
c
au
se
i
t
i
s
a
p
l
anned
,
s
t
r
a
te
g
i
c
p
ro
ce
s
s
a
s
oppo
s
sed
to
ad
ho
c
p
ro
te
c
t
ion
,
a
c
commoda
t
ion
o
r
re
lo
c
a
t
ion
me
a
su
re
s
b
y
ind
i
v
idu
a
l
s
a
s
and
when
the
y
p
le
a
se
(Coope
r
,
2003
)
.
Ind
i
v
idu
a
l
re
a
c
t
i
ve
and
au
tonomou
s
re
spon
se
s
to
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
a
re
a
l
so
l
i
ke
l
y
to
impo
se
co
s
t
s
on
the
who
le
commun
i
t
y
(Kou
s
k
y
,
2014
)
.
O
ve
r
the
lon
g
te
rm
,
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
i
s
che
ape
r
th
an
p
ro
te
c
t
ion
o
r
a
c
comod
a
t
ion
re
spon
se
s
(A
le
x
ande
r
e
t
a
l
.
,
2012
)
,
howe
ve
r
,
i
t
i
s
no
t
co
s
t
f
ree
(Coope
r
,
2003
)
.
“P
l
ann
in
g
i
s
mo
re
e
f
fe
c
t
i
ve
and
le
s
s
co
s
t
l
y
o
ve
r
the
l
on
g
te
rm
,
th
an
re
a
c
t
in
g
to
e
ven
ts
when
the
y
o
c
cu
r
”
(M
in
i
s
t
r
y
fo
r
the
En
v
i
ronmen
t
,
2009
)
.
Thu
s
re
co
gn
i
t
ion
o
f
un
ce
r
t
a
in
ty
and
p
ro
a
c
t
i
ve
l
y
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
ch
an
ge
i
s
p
re
fe
r
red
to
be
in
g
re
a
c
t
i
ve
to
ch
an
ge
.
23
Ch
a
l
len
ge
s
M
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
f
a
ce
s
ideo
lo
g
i
c
a
l
and
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
ch
a
l
len
ge
s
and
b
a
r
r
ie
r
s
in
i
t
s
imp
lemen
t
a
t
ion
.
F
i
r
s
t
l
y
,
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
c
an
h
a
ve
s
i
gn
i
f
i
c
an
t
f
in
an
c
i
a
l
co
s
t
s
a
s
so
c
i
a
ted
w
i
th
i
t
,
e
spe
c
i
a
l
l
y
i
f
the
a
re
a
i
s
a
l
re
ad
y
fu
l
l
y
de
ve
loped
.
M
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
doe
s
no
t
h
a
ve
the
on
go
in
g
co
s
t
s
th
a
t
p
ro
te
c
t
ion
and
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
app
ro
a
che
s
h
a
ve
in
m
a
in
t
an
in
g
in
f
r
a
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
.
Howe
ve
r
,
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
doe
s
h
a
ve
s
i
gn
i
f
i
c
an
t
one
o
f
f
co
s
t
s
a
s
so
c
i
a
ted
w
i
th
c
le
a
r
in
g
the
a
re
a
and
compen
s
a
t
in
g
p
rope
r
t
y
owne
r
s
and
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
c
an
a
l
so
be
h
i
gh
l
y
d
i
s
rup
t
i
ve
to
the
commun
i
t
y
(Re
i
s
in
ge
r
e
t
a
l
.
,
2014
)
.
I
f
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
i
s
p
ropo
sed
fo
r
a
l
re
ad
y
de
ve
loped
a
re
a
s
,
m
a
r
ke
t
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
m
a
y
in
c
re
a
se
,
and
redu
ce
l
and
v
a
lue
s
(A
le
x
ande
r
e
t
a
l
.
,
2012
)
.
Coope
r
(2003
)
iden
t
i
f
ied
th
a
t
ano
the
r
e
conom
i
c
b
a
r
r
ie
r
to
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
i
s
the
i
s
sue
o
f
compen
s
a
t
ion
fo
r
lo
s
t
l
and
o
r
p
rope
r
t
y
.
Compen
s
a
t
ion
i
s
sue
s
a
re
the
mo
s
t
p
rom
inen
t
re
a
son
fo
r
a
con
s
e
r
v
a
t
i
ve
u
se
o
f
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
s
t
r
a
te
g
ie
s
in
the
UK
(Coope
r
,
2003
)
.
Howe
ve
r
,
imp
ro
vemen
t
s
to
compen
s
a
t
ion
i
s
sue
s
and
gu
id
an
ce
on
how
to
de
a
l
w
i
th
i
t
cou
ld
le
ad
to
mo
re
con
s
ide
r
a
t
ion
o
f
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
in
co
a
s
t
a
l
m
an
a
gemen
t
(Coope
r
,
2003
)
.
In
con
jun
c
t
ion
w
i
th
b
a
r
r
ie
r
s
to
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
in
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
o
r
re
gu
l
a
t
ion
,
the
mo
s
t
d
i
f
f
i
cu
l
t
ch
a
l
len
ge
s
m
a
y
be
the
unde
r
l
y
in
g
ideo
lo
g
ie
s
and
v
a
lue
s
a
s
so
c
i
a
ted
w
i
th
the
co
a
s
t
a
l
en
v
i
ronmen
t
and
de
ve
lopmen
t
.
N
i
cho
l
l
s
and
Sh
ih
(2007
)
reco
gn
i
sed
th
a
t
a
lon
g
the
Th
ame
s
E
s
t
au
r
y
in
London
:
The
v
iew
th
a
t
open
sp
a
ce
a
lw
a
y
s
need
s
to
be
u
sed
fo
r
de
ve
lopmen
t
i
s
one
th
a
t
need
s
to
be
ch
a
l
len
ged
,
so
th
a
t
sp
a
ce
re
se
r
v
ed
fo
r
re
a
l
i
gnmen
t
i
s
pe
r
cei
ved
a
s
a
re
a
l
p
l
ann
in
g
bene
f
i
t
r
a
the
r
th
a
t
ju
s
t
a
sm
a
l
l
s
c
a
le
e
xpe
r
imen
t
a
l
p
l
ann
in
g
op
t
ion
(N
i
cho
l
l
s
&
Sh
ih
,
2007
,
p
.
1533
)
.
I
t
i
s
c
le
a
r
th
a
t
owne
r
sh
ip
r
i
gh
t
s
and
the
ide
a
l
o
f
e
conom
i
c
de
ve
lopmen
t
a
re
b
a
r
r
ie
r
s
th
a
t
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
mu
s
t
o
ve
r
come
.
2
.3
.1
.
.1Cha
l
l
enge
s
fo
r
managed
r
e
t
r
ea
t
in
New
Zea
land
New
Ze
a
l
and
i
s
an
i
s
l
and
n
a
t
ion
s
i
tu
a
ted
in
the
P
a
c
i
f
i
c
O
ce
an
.
“New
Ze
a
l
and
’
s
co
a
s
t
l
ine
me
a
su
re
s
18
,000
km
in
len
g
th
”
(M
a
k
g
i
l
l,
2011
,
p
.
78)
.
Mu
ch
o
f
the
co
a
s
t
l
ine
i
s
o
c
cup
ied
fo
r
e
conom
i
c
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
su
ch
a
s
po
r
t
s
fo
r
in
te
rn
a
t
ion
a
l
t
r
ade
,
tou
r
i
sm
and
mo
s
t
l
y
u
rb
an
de
ve
lopmen
t
(M
a
k
g
i
l
l
,
2011)
.
“
A
s
popu
l
a
t
ion
and
te
chno
lo
g
i
c
a
l
c
ap
ab
i
l
i
t
y
g
row
,
so
too
w
i
l
l
the
compe
t
i
t
ion
fo
r
o
c
cup
a
t
ion
r
i
gh
t
s
and
a
c
ce
s
s
to
the
co
a
s
t
a
l
m
a
r
ine
a
re
a
”
(M
a
k
g
i
l
l
,
2011
,
p
.
78
)
,
thu
s
h
a
vin
g
fu
r
the
r
imp
l
i
c
a
t
ion
s
fo
r
the
imp
lemen
t
a
t
ion
o
f
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
.
New
Ze
a
l
and
’
s
fund
amen
t
a
l
le
g
i
s
l
a
t
ion
fo
r
m
an
a
g
in
g
n
a
tu
r
a
l
and
ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
re
sou
r
ce
s
,
in
c
lud
in
g
the
co
a
s
t
l
ine
,
i
s
the
Re
sou
r
ce
M
an
a
gemen
t
A
c
t
1991
(RMA
)
.
The
p
r
im
a
r
y
a
im
o
f
the
RMA
i
s
to
su
s
ta
in
ab
l
y
m
an
a
ge
n
a
tu
r
a
l
and
ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
re
sou
r
ce
s
to
mee
t
the
need
s
o
f
cu
r
ren
t
and
fu
tu
re
gene
r
a
t
ion
s
.
24
A
s
we
l
l
a
s
the
ch
a
l
len
ge
s
ou
t
l
ined
in
the
abo
ve
se
c
t
ion
,
wh
i
ch
w
i
l
l
e
f
fe
c
t
a
l
l
commun
i
t
ie
s
con
s
ide
r
in
g
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
no
m
a
t
te
r
whe
re
the
y
a
re
lo
c
a
ted,
the
re
a
re
some
ch
a
l
len
ge
s
spe
c
i
f
i
c
to
New
Ze
a
l
and
be
c
au
se
o
f
the
p
l
ann
in
g
f
r
amewo
r
k
in
p
l
a
ce
.
The
RMA
p
romo
te
s
de
vo
l
ved
p
l
ann
in
g
,
whe
re
the
e
f
fe
c
t
s
a
re
m
an
a
ged
a
s
c
lo
se
a
s
po
s
s
ib
le
to
the
sou
r
ce
.
Th
i
s
me
an
s
th
a
t
lo
c
a
l
au
tho
r
i
t
ie
s
p
l
a
y
an
impo
r
t
an
t
ro
le
in
p
l
ann
in
g
in
New
Ze
a
l
and
.
The
re
fo
re
a
ch
a
l
len
ge
p
l
anne
r
s
and
de
c
i
s
ion
m
a
ke
r
s
in
New
Ze
a
l
and
h
a
ve,
in
con
s
ide
r
in
g
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
,
i
s
the
re
i
s
a
l
a
c
k
o
f
a
be
s
t
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
mode
l
o
r
gu
id
an
ce
on
how
to
imp
lemen
t
su
ch
a
re
spon
se
(Coope
r
,
2003
)
.
B
a
rne
t
t
e
t
a
l
.
(201
4
)
s
t
a
ted
th
a
t
“
lo
c
a
l
go
ve
rnmen
t
s
a
re
no
t
ad
ap
t
in
g
to
se
ale
ve
l
r
i
se
be
c
au
se
i
t
i
s
d
i
f
f
i
cu
l
t
to
bu
i
ld
con
sen
su
s
on
the
need
fo
r
ch
an
ge
and
the
be
s
t
w
a
y
to
imp
lemen
t
i
t
”
(p
.
1103
)
.
Re
i
s
in
ge
r
e
t
a
l
.
(2015
)
re
in
fo
r
ced
th
a
t
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
requ
i
re
s
lo
c
a
l
au
thor
i
te
s
to
be
comm
i
t
ted
to
a
con
s
i
s
ten
t
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
and
de
c
i
s
ion
m
a
k
in
g
o
ve
r
the
lon
g
te
rm,
b
a
sed
on
commun
i
t
y
suppo
r
t
.
The
y
the
re
fo
re
iden
t
i
f
y
the
sho
r
t
p
l
ann
in
g
c
y
c
le
s
in
New
Ze
a
l
and
lo
c
a
l
go
ve
rnmen
t
s
a
s
a
ch
a
l
len
ge
to
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
imp
lemen
t
a
t
ion
.
Coup
led
w
i
th
the
p
re
s
su
re
s
f
rom
ind
i
v
idu
a
l
p
rope
r
t
y
owne
r
s
,
who
a
re
l
i
ke
l
y
to
on
l
y
h
a
ve
sho
r
t
te
rm
p
l
ann
in
g
ho
r
i
zon
s
and
p
re
fe
r
commun
i
t
y
funded
p
ro
te
c
t
ion
,
coun
c
i
l
s
a
re
f
a
ced
w
i
th
d
i
f
f
i
cu
l
t
de
c
i
s
ion
s
and
the
re
fo
re
cen
t
r
a
l
go
ve
rnmen
t
le
g
i
s
l
a
t
ion
,
gu
id
an
ce
and
sup
po
r
t
a
re
e
s
s
ten
t
i
a
l
(Re
i
s
in
ge
r
e
t
a
l
.
,
2015
)
.
E
x
i
s
t
in
g
u
se
r
i
gh
t
s
,
a
s
in
se
c
t
ion
10
o
f
the
RMA
,
a
re
re
co
gn
i
sed
in
some
l
i
te
r
a
tu
re
a
s
ano
the
r
b
a
r
r
ie
r
to
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
(M
in
i
s
t
r
y
fo
r
the
En
v
i
ronmen
t
,
2009
;
Re
i
s
in
ge
r
e
t
a
l
.
,
2015
)
.
Howe
ve
r
the
se
c
an
be
m
an
a
ged
b
y
re
g
ion
a
l
p
l
an
p
ro
v
i
s
ion
s
unde
r
se
c
t
ion
12
o
f
the
RMA
th
a
t
con
t
ro
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
and
the
co
a
s
t
a
l
m
a
r
ine
a
re
a
(M
in
i
s
t
r
y
fo
r
the
En
v
i
ronmen
t
,
2009
)
.
Ano
the
r
re
gu
l
a
to
r
y
ch
a
l
len
ge
a
c
co
rd
in
g
to
Re
i
s
in
ge
r
e
t
a
l
.
(2015
)
i
s
th
a
t
pro
v
i
s
ion
s
in
the
RMA
and
the
Lo
c
a
l
Go
ve
rnmen
t
A
c
t
2002
h
a
ve
no
t
been
fu
l
l
y
e
f
fe
c
t
i
ve
in
s
topp
in
g
r
ibbon
de
ve
lopmen
t
a
lon
g
the
co
a
s
t
.
De
sp
i
te
the
New
Ze
a
l
and
Co
a
s
t
a
l
Po
l
i
c
y
S
t
a
temen
t
2010
now
iden
t
i
f
y
in
g
the
u
se
o
f
h
a
rd
en
g
inee
red
p
ro
te
c
t
ion
a
s
a
l
a
s
t
re
so
r
t
,
the
cu
r
re
n
t
app
ro
a
ch
in
New
Ze
a
l
and
i
s
gene
r
a
l
l
y
to
ho
ld
the
l
ine
o
r
a
c
commod
a
te
,
wh
i
ch
i
s
a
ch
ie
ved
th
rou
gh
zon
in
g
,
se
t
b
a
c
k
s
and
m
in
imum
f
loo
r
le
ve
l
s
(Re
i
s
in
ge
r
e
t
a
l
.
,
2015
)
.
Re
i
s
in
ge
r
e
t
a
l
.
(2015
)
de
s
c
ibed
se
tb
a
c
k
s
me
t
apho
r
i
c
a
l
l
y
a
s
a
“doub
leed
ged
swo
rd
”
(p
.
302
)
.
H
a
z
a
rd
zone
s
a
re
ne
ce
s
s
a
r
y
to
s
i
gn
a
l
r
i
s
k
s
and
c
an
be
a
su
ce
s
s
fu
l
re
gu
l
a
to
r
y
too
l
i
f
the
y
a
re
u
sed
in
a
d
yn
am
i
c
m
ana
gemen
t
app
ro
a
ch
whe
re
the
y
a
re
u
sed
to
sh
i
f
t
de
ve
lpomen
t
o
ve
r
t
ime
.
Howe
ve
r
i
f
the
y
a
re
ju
s
t
u
sed
s
t
a
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
to
p
re
ven
t
de
ve
lopmemen
t
i
n
a
h
i
gh
h
az
a
rd
a
re
a
the
y
m
a
y
en
cou
r
a
ge
in
ten
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
ion
in
an
a
re
a
th
a
t
m
a
y
be
sub
je
c
t
to
the
h
a
z
a
rd
in
the
fu
tu
re
,
a
t
wh
i
ch
t
ime
the
r
i
s
k
w
i
l
l
be
in
c
re
a
sed
be
c
au
se
o
f
the
e
x
ten
s
i
ve
de
ve
lopmen
t
.
Due
to
the
cu
l
tu
r
a
l
and
le
g
a
l
ch
a
l
len
ge
s
and
i
t
s
h
i
gh
l
y
con
te
s
ted
n
a
tu
re
,
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
i
s
o
f
ten
no
t
a
p
re
fe
r
red
op
t
ion
fo
r
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
m
an
a
gemen
t
.
Ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
i
s
a
mo
re
p
re
fe
r
red
op
t
ion
and
c
an
in
co
rpo
r
a
te
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
a
s
a
lon
g
te
rm
me
a
su
re
.
25
2
.3
.2 S
t
r
a
te
g
i
c
Ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
M
an
y
re
co
gn
i
se
th
a
t
su
c
ce
s
s
fu
l
co
a
s
t
a
l
m
an
a
gemen
t
requ
i
re
s
a
s
t
r
a
te
g
i
c
ad
ap
t
i
ve
m
an
a
gemen
t
app
ro
a
ch
,
o
f
wh
i
ch
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
i
s
a
p
a
r
t
.
B
a
rne
t
t
e
t
a
l
.
(2014
)
a
r
gued
th
a
t
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
p
a
thw
a
y
s
c
an
,
i
n
theo
r
y
,
bu
i
ld
con
sen
su
s
on
the
need
to
,
and
the
p
ro
ce
s
s
fo
r,
ch
an
ge
.
Ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
p
a
thw
a
y
s
con
s
i
s
t
o
f
a
v
i
s
ion
th
a
t
i
s
a
ch
ie
ved
th
rou
gh
a
se
r
ie
s
o
f
in
c
remen
t
a
l
s
tep
s
th
a
t
a
re
e
a
ch
t
r
i
g
ge
red
b
y
en
v
i
ronmen
t
a
l
o
r
so
c
i
a
l
ch
an
ge
.
The
fund
amen
t
a
l
p
r
in
c
ip
le
o
f
B
a
rne
t
t
e
t
a
l
.
’
s
(2014
)
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
p
a
thw
a
y
s
i
s
th
a
t
ch
an
ge
w
i
l
l
no
t
e
ven
tu
a
te
f
rom
a
s
in
g
le
a
c
t
ion
bu
t
r
a
the
r
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
i
s
a
p
ro
ce
s
s
th
a
t
o
c
cu
r
s
o
ve
r
t
ime
th
rou
gh
s
t
r
a
te
g
i
c
de
c
i
s
ion
s
th
a
t
in
i
t
i
a
l
l
y
c
an
h
a
ve
low
re
g
re
t
s
and
imp
a
c
t
s
and
keep
i
t
open
fo
r
fu
tu
re
gene
r
a
t
ion
a
s
the
en
v
i
ronmen
t
t
r
i
g
ge
r
s
fu
r
the
r
a
c
t
ion
.
Kous
k
y
(2014
)
p
re
sen
ted
a
th
ree
p
a
r
t
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
fo
r
the
imp
lemen
t
a
t
ion
o
f
p
ro
a
c
t
i
ve
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
wh
i
ch
p
re
ven
t
s
new
de
ve
lopmen
t
,
remo
ve
s
o
r
mod
i
f
ie
s
e
x
i
s
t
in
g
de
ve
lopmen
t
and
u
se
s
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
a
s
oppo
r
tun
i
t
ie
s
fo
r
re
t
re
a
t
.
A
l
te
rn
a
t
i
ve
l
y
,
the
m
a
r
ke
t
cou
ld
be
le
f
t
to
imp
lemen
t
re
t
re
a
t
.
When
inund
a
t
ion
o
c
cu
r
s
o
r
e
ro
s
ion
c
au
se
s
e
x
ten
s
i
ve
d
am
a
ge
,
p
rope
r
t
y
v
a
lue
s
shou
ld
theo
re
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
de
c
re
a
se
and
peop
le
wou
ld
mo
ve
l
andw
a
rd
aw
a
y
f
rom
the
h
a
z
a
rd
(Kou
s
k
y
,
2014
)
.
Bu
t
Kou
s
k
y
(2014
)
a
r
gued
th
a
t
ad
ho
c
m
a
r
ke
t
re
t
re
a
t
wou
ld
no
t
be
op
t
im
a
l
.
I
t
wou
ld
l
i
ke
l
y
be
th
a
t
the
a
f
f
luen
t
wou
ld
re
t
re
a
t
,
bu
t
the
a
re
a
w
i
th
de
c
re
a
sed
p
rope
r
t
y
v
a
lue
s
cou
ld
be
come
popu
l
a
ted
w
i
th
poo
re
r
peop
le
who
c
an
on
l
y
a
f
fo
rd
to
l
i
ve
in
a
re
a
s
su
ch
a
s
th
a
t
.
Le
a
v
in
g
the
m
a
r
ke
t
to
de
c
ide
,
and
a
l
low
in
g
poo
re
r
peop
le
to
popu
l
a
te
the
a
re
a
unde
r
th
re
a
t,
fu
r
the
r
in
c
re
a
se
s
the
vu
lne
r
ab
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
th
a
t
commun
i
t
y
and
de
fe
a
t
s
the
pu
rpo
se
o
f
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
.
P
ro
a
c
t
i
ve
,
p
l
anned
re
t
re
a
t
th
a
t
redu
ce
s
new
de
ve
lopmen
t
,
remo
ve
s
o
r
mod
i
f
ie
s
e
x
i
s
t
in
g
de
ve
lopmen
t
in
h
i
gh
r
i
s
k
a
re
a
s
,
and
re
co
gn
i
se
s
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
a
s
oppo
r
tun
i
t
ie
s
(Kou
s
k
y
,
2014
)
.
The
f
i
r
s
t
p
a
r
t
in
Kou
s
k
y
’
s
(2014
)
th
ree
p
a
r
t
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
i
s
to
redu
ce
o
r
p
re
ven
t
new
de
ve
lopmen
t
f
rom
o
c
cu
r
r
in
g
in
h
i
gh
h
a
z
a
rd
co
a
s
t
a
l
a
re
a
s
.
Re
i
s
in
ge
r
e
t
a
l
.
(2015
)
s
t
a
ted
th
a
t
th
i
s
i
s
the
common
app
ro
a
ch
o
f
lo
c
a
l
go
ve
rnmen
t
in
New
Ze
a
l
and
.
De
ve
lopmen
t
i
s
re
s
t
r
i
c
ted
th
rou
gh
s
t
a
t
i
c
re
spon
se
s
su
ch
a
s
h
a
z
a
rd
zone
s
and
se
t
b
a
c
k
l
ine
s
th
a
t
do
no
t
re
co
gn
i
se
the
d
yn
am
i
c
s
o
f
th
e
en
v
i
ronmen
t
(Re
i
s
in
ge
r
e
t
a
l
.
,
2015
)
.
S
im
i
l
a
r
l
y
,
Kou
s
k
y
(2014
)
s
t
ated
th
a
t
h
a
z
a
rd
zone
s
h
a
ve
po
ten
t
i
a
l
a
s
a
re
gu
l
a
to
r
y
too
l
bu
t
the
i
r
s
imp
l
i
c
i
t
y
m
a
y
“m
a
s
k
v
a
r
i
a
t
ion
s
in
r
i
s
k
le
ve
l
s
and
c
an
c
re
a
te
“wh
i
te
l
ine
s
”
th
a
t
appe
a
r
to
sep
a
r
a
te
r
i
s
k
y
f
rom
s
a
fe
,
when
r
i
s
k
i
s
,
in
re
a
l
i
t
y
,
ch
an
g
in
g
con
t
inu
a
l
l
y
a
c
ro
s
s
the
l
and
s
c
ape
”
(
p
.
12)
.
Se
cond
l
y
,
Kou
s
k
y
(2014
)
,
a
r
gued
th
a
t
mod
i
f
i
c
a
t
ion
o
r
remo
v
a
l
mu
s
t
be
con
s
ide
red
fo
r
e
x
i
s
t
in
g
de
ve
lopmen
t
.
Th
i
s
in
vo
l
ve
s
“
re
lo
c
a
t
in
g
in
f
r
a
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
in
l
and
in
ad
v
an
ce
o
f
an
y
inund
a
t
ion
”
(Kou
s
k
y
,
2014
,
p
.
14
)
.
Howe
ve
r
,
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
i
s
a
con
ten
t
ious
p
ro
ce
s
s
e
spe
c
i
a
l
l
y
when
p
r
i
v
a
te
p
rope
r
t
y
i
s
in
vo
l
ved
.
26
Th
i
rd
l
y
,
“
s
to
rm
e
ven
t
s
c
an
be
w
indow
s
o
f
oppo
r
tun
i
t
y
fo
r
ch
an
ge
be
c
au
se
the
y
c
re
a
te
a
fo
r
ced
tu
rno
ve
r
in
c
ap
i
t
a
l
s
to
c
k
and
a
ch
an
ce
to
rebu
i
ld
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
l
y
”
(Kou
s
k
y
,
2014
)
,
o
r
no
t
rebu
i
ld
a
t
a
l
l
.
In
t
h
i
s
c
a
se
,
p
l
ann
in
g
c
an
o
c
cu
r
p
red
i
s
a
s
te
r
so
th
a
t
po
l
i
c
ie
s
fo
r
re
t
re
a
t
a
re
in
p
l
a
ce
be
fo
re
the
e
ven
t
o
c
cu
r
s
,
o
r
a
l
te
rn
a
t
i
ve
l
y
,
p
l
ann
in
g
o
c
cu
r
s
po
s
td
i
s
a
s
te
r
,
mo
s
t
common
l
y
in
the
fo
rm
o
f
bu
you
t
s
o
f
e
f
fe
c
ted
p
rope
r
t
ie
s
(Kou
s
k
y
,
2014
)
.
The
re
a
re
m
an
y
e
x
amp
l
e
s
o
f
po
s
td
i
s
a
s
te
r
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
p
ro
ce
s
se
s
.
Po
s
td
i
s
a
s
te
r
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
cou
ld
be
seen
a
s
be
in
g
re
a
c
t
i
ve
,
howe
ve
r
some
m
a
y
see
i
t
s
t
i
l
l
a
s
a
p
ro
a
c
t
i
ve
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
be
c
au
se
i
t
i
s
p
reemp
t
in
g
fu
tu
re
e
ven
t
s
.
2
.4 C
a
se
S
tud
ie
s
2
.4
.1 G
r
an
th
am
,
Queen
s
l
and
,
Au
s
t
r
a
l
i
a
G
r
anth
am
,
Queen
s
l
and
,
i
s
a
c
a
se
s
tud
y
o
f
a
su
c
ce
s
s
fu
l
commun
i
t
y
led
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
p
ro
ce
s
s
.
G
r
an
th
am
i
s
a
sm
a
l
l
town
in
ru
r
a
l
B
r
i
sb
ane
,
in
the
Lo
c
k
ye
r
V
a
l
le
y
re
g
ion
.
In
J
anu
a
r
y
2011
,
mo
s
t
o
f
the
town
w
a
s
de
s
t
ro
yed
b
y
f
l
a
sh
f
lood
in
g
th
a
t
too
k
l
i
ve
s
,
home
s
and
bu
s
ine
s
se
s
.
Wh
a
t
eme
r
ged
a
f
te
r
the
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
w
a
s
an
Au
s
t
r
a
l
i
anf
i
r
s
t
,
vo
lun
t
a
r
y
l
and
sw
ap
p
ro
ce
s
s
.
The
S
t
ren
g
then
G
r
an
th
am
P
ro
je
c
t
w
a
s
led
b
y
the
Lo
c
k
ye
r
V
a
l
le
y
Re
g
ion
a
l
Coun
c
i
l
,
howe
ve
r
,
i
t
“h
a
s
shown
commun
i
t
y
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
ion
l
i
ke
no
o
the
r
”
(
S
immond
s
&
D
a
v
i
e
s
,
n
.d
.
),
and
i
t
en
g
a
ged
the
pub
l
i
c
s
t
r
a
i
gh
t
a
f
te
r
the
e
ven
t
to
f
i
gu
re
ou
t
a
so
lu
t
ion
to
ge
the
r
,
m
a
k
in
g
the
p
ro
je
c
t
a
su
c
ce
s
s
.
M
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
,
o
r
‘
l
andsw
ap
’
a
s
i
t
w
a
s
te
rmed
in
G
r
an
th
am
,
w
a
s
an
app
rop
r
i
a
te
op
t
ion
fo
r
the
town
a
f
te
r
the
f
lood
in
g
be
c
au
se
r
e
s
iden
t
s
m
ade
i
t
c
le
a
r
the
y
w
an
ted
to
rebu
i
ld
in
G
r
an
th
am
,
bu
t
d
id
no
t
w
an
t
to
be
f
looded
a
g
a
in
in
the
fu
tu
re
(
S
immond
s
&
D
a
v
ie
s
,
n
.d
.
)
.
O
k
ad
a
,
H
a
yne
s
,
B
i
rd
,
v
an
den
Hone
r
t
&
K
in
g
(2014
)
de
s
c
r
ibed
how
a
f
te
r
the
e
ven
t
the
M
a
yo
r
and
the
Coun
c
i
l
we
re
th
in
k
in
g
th
a
t
i
t
wou
ld
no
t
be
a
good
ide
a
to
rebu
i
ld
on
the
s
ame
s
i
te
be
c
au
se
the
f
lood
in
g
h
a
s
h
appened
be
fo
re
and
cou
ld
h
appen
a
g
a
in
,
and
the
y
w
an
ted
to
bu
i
ld
b
a
c
k
s
t
ron
ge
r
.
The
p
l
ann
in
g
so
lu
t
ion
w
a
s
no
t
to
s
imp
l
y
m
i
t
i
g
a
te
fu
tu
re
r
i
s
k,
bu
t
i
t
w
a
s
to
a
vo
id
i
t
a
l
to
ge
the
r
.
The
Lo
c
k
ye
r
V
a
l
le
y
Re
g
ion
a
l
Coun
c
i
l
pu
r
ch
a
sed
935
a
c
re
s
o
f
l
and
ad
j
a
cen
t
to
the
f
looded
town
sh
ip
th
a
t
w
a
s
h
i
ghe
r
and
the
re
fo
re
une
f
fe
c
ted
b
y
the
f
lood
in
g
(O
k
ad
a
e
t
a
l
.
,
2014
)
.
Th
i
s
p
a
r
ce
l
o
f
l
and
w
a
s
l
a
r
ge
enou
gh
to
a
c
commod
a
te
the
rebu
i
ld
bu
t
a
l
so
fo
r
fu
tu
re
g
row
th
o
f
G
r
an
th
an
.
The
p
ro
je
c
t
a
imed
to
h
a
ve
re
s
iden
t
s
re
lo
c
a
ted
in
to
new
home
s
w
i
th
in
a
12mon
th
pe
r
iod
and
the
re
fo
re
requ
i
red
a
f
a
s
t
t
r
a
c
ked
p
l
ann
in
g
repon
se
unde
r
the
Queen
s
l
and
Re
con
s
t
ru
c
t
ion
Au
tho
r
i
t
y
A
c
t
2011
(
the
Q
ldRA
A
c
t
)
(
S
immond
s
&
D
a
v
ie
s
,
n
.d
.
)
.
Unde
r
the
Q
ldRA
A
c
t
,
G
r
an
th
am
w
a
s
de
c
l
a
red
a
Re
con
s
t
ru
c
t
ion
A
re
a
,
wh
i
ch
en
ab
led
r
ap
id
p
l
ann
in
g
p
ro
ce
s
se
s
27
and
the
Coun
c
i
l
’
s
m
a
s
te
r
p
l
an
fo
r
the
rebu
i
ld
a
re
a
w
a
s
t
r
an
s
fe
r
red
in
to
a
P
ropo
sed
De
ve
lopmen
t
S
cheme
wh
i
ch
p
ro
v
ided
the
re
gu
l
a
to
r
y
f
r
ame
wo
r
k
fo
r
the
p
ro
je
c
t
to
go
ahe
ad
qu
i
c
k
l
y
.
The
commun
i
t
y
w
a
s
fu
l
l
y
en
g
a
ged
in
the
re
lo
c
a
t
ion
p
ro
je
c
t
and
the
y
we
re
in
c
luded
in
de
c
i
s
ion
s
o
f
how
the
town
shou
ld
be
rebu
il
t
.
Con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
and
commun
i
t
y
mee
t
in
g
s
be
g
an
immed
i
a
te
l
y
a
f
te
r
the
e
ven
t
and
ide
a
s
f
rom
the
se
we
re
in
co
rpo
r
a
ted
in
to
a
m
a
s
te
r
p
l
an
,
wh
i
ch
w
a
s
then
p
re
sen
ted
b
a
c
k
to
the
commun
i
t
y
fo
r
the
i
r
commen
t
(O
k
ad
a
e
t
a
l
.
,
2014
)
.
F
i
r
s
t
l
y
the
re
we
re
the
v
i
s
ion
in
g
se
s
s
ion
s,
wh
i
ch
we
re
wee
k
l
y
commun
i
t
y
mee
t
in
g
and
one
on
one
in
te
r
v
iew
s
to
p
r
io
r
i
t
i
se
wh
a
t
the
G
r
an
th
am
c
ommun
i
t
y
w
an
ted
f
rom
the
re
lo
c
a
t
ion,
and
to
e
s
t
ab
l
i
sh
the
m
a
s
te
r
p
l
an
(
S
immond
s
&
D
a
v
ie
s
,
n
.d
.
)
.
Then
de
s
i
gn
wo
r
k
shop
s
w
i
th
the
commun
i
t
y
p
re
sen
ted
some
op
t
ion
s
fo
r
the
rebu
i
ld
and
commun
i
t
y
cou
ld
re
v
iew
the
se
(
S
immond
s
&
D
a
v
ie
s
,
n
.d
.
)
.
The
commun
i
t
y
in
vo
l
vmen
t
en
su
red
h
i
gh
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
b
y
re
s
iden
t
s
in
the
s
cheme
and
demon
s
t
r
a
ted
a
w
ide
a
c
cep
t
an
ce
o
f
i
t
b
y
re
s
iden
t
s
(O
k
ad
a
e
t
a
l
.
,
2014
)
.
P
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
in
the
l
andsw
ap
w
a
s
vo
lun
t
a
r
y
.
E
l
i
g
ib
le
re
s
iden
t
s
we
re
ab
le
to
nom
in
a
te
the
i
r
f
i
r
s
t
,
se
c
ond
and
th
i
rd
op
t
ion
s
fo
r
a
se
c
t
ion
o
f
s
im
i
l
a
r
s
i
ze
to
the
i
r
d
am
an
ged
one
,
and
the
f
in
a
l
a
l
lo
c
a
t
ion
s
we
re
m
ade
b
y
b
a
l
lo
t
.
The
u
su
a
l
Coun
c
i
l
p
l
ann
in
g
co
s
t
s
we
re
remo
ved
fo
r
re
s
iden
t
s
and
g
r
an
t
s
o
f
$35
,000
f
rom
the
s
t
a
te
go
ve
rnmen
t
cou
ld
a
l
so
be
app
l
ied
fo
r
(O
k
ad
a
e
t
a
l
.
,
2014
)
.
The
su
c
ce
s
s
o
f
the
G
r
an
th
am
l
andsw
ap
i
s
c
red
i
t
to
the
Lo
c
k
ye
r
V
a
l
le
y
Re
g
ion
a
l
Coun
c
i
l
,
who
we
re
“
comm
i
t
ted
to
wo
r
k
on
the
G
r
an
th
am
l
and
sw
ap
p
ro
je
c
t
in
an
inno
v
a
t
i
ve
m
anne
r
,
w
i
th
a
commun
i
t
y
–led
fo
cu
s
”
(O
k
ad
a
e
t
a
l
.
,
2014
,
p
.30
)
.
Co
mmun
i
t
y
in
vo
l
vemen
t
f
rom
the
be
g
inn
in
g
and
po
l
i
t
i
c
a
l
suppo
r
t
a
l
lowed
G
r
an
th
am
to
re
co
ve
r
f
rom
the
f
lood
e
ven
t
in
2011
,
bu
t
i
t
a
l
so
en
su
red
th
a
t
the
y
bu
i
l
t
b
a
c
k
s
t
ron
ge
r
and
w
i
l
l
now
be
mo
re
re
s
i
l
ien
t
to
fu
tu
re
e
ven
t
s
be
c
au
se
the
y
h
a
ve
mo
ved
to
h
i
ghe
r
g
round
.
2
.4
.2 We
l
l
in
g
ton
,
New
Ze
a
l
and
We
l
l
in
g
ton
,
New
Ze
a
l
and,
i
s
a
c
a
se
s
tud
y
fo
r
an
e
f
fe
c
t
i
ve
non
s
t
a
tu
to
r
y
r
i
s
k
commun
i
c
a
t
ion
p
ro
je
c
t
.
We
l
l
in
g
ton
i
s
s
i
tu
ated
a
t
the
bo
t
tom
o
f
the
No
r
th
I
s
l
and
o
f
New
Ze
a
l
and
.
I
t
i
s
the
c
ap
i
t
a
l
c
i
t
y
o
f
New
Ze
a
l
and
,
e
x
ten
s
i
ve
l
y
de
ve
loped,
and
home
to
the
m
a
in
go
v
e
rnmen
t
a
l
bu
i
ld
in
g
s
.
The
re
g
ion
i
s
a
se
i
sm
i
c
a
re
a
and
a
m
a
jo
r
f
au
l
t
l
ine
,
the
We
l
l
in
g
ton
F
au
l
t
,
run
s
s
t
r
a
i
gh
t
th
rou
gh
the
c
i
t
y
.
We
l
l
in
g
ton
’
s
mo
s
t
e
x
ten
s
i
ve
in
ve
s
t
i
ga
t
ion
s
to
d
a
te
on
the
re
g
ion
’
s
e
a
r
thqu
a
ke
r
i
s
k,
h
a
ve
been
a
p
ro
je
c
t
e
s
t
ab
l
i
shed
in
2006
,
c
a
l
led
“
I
t
’
s
Ou
r
Fau
l
t
”
.
W
i
th
the
u
l
t
im
a
te
go
a
l
o
f
in
c
re
a
s
in
g
re
s
i
l
ien
ce
in
the
We
l
l
in
g
ton
re
g
ion
,
the
“
I
t
’
s
ou
r
f
au
l
t
”
p
ro
je
c
t
s
tud
ie
s
the
l
i
ke
l
ihood
o
f
e
ven
t
s
and
the
e
f
fe
c
t
s
o
f
an
e
a
r
thqu
a
ke
to
peop
le
and
the
en
v
i
ronmen
t
.
The
p
ro
je
c
t
f
ind
in
g
s
h
a
ve
“been
u
sed
fo
r
be
t
te
r
c
i
t
y
and
c
i
v
i
l
de
fen
ce
eme
r
gen
c
y
m
an
a
gemen
t
p
l
ann
in
g
,
a
s
we
l
l
a
s
in
f
luen
c
in
g
ne
g
a
t
i
ve
pe
r
cep
t
ion
s
th
a
t
28
h
a
ve
a
f
low
on
e
f
fe
c
t
to
in
ve
s
tmen
t
and
in
su
r
an
ce
p
rem
ium
s”
(Peppe
re
l
l
,
2012
.
p
.
1
)
.
The
ou
t
come
s
o
f
the
in
ve
s
t
i
g
a
t
ion
s
h
a
ve
re
su
l
ted
in
p
rob
ab
i
l
i
t
y
and
f
requen
c
y
s
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
s
,
th
ree
d
imen
s
ion
a
l
mode
l
l
in
g
and
the
m
app
in
g
o
f
f
au
l
t
s
and
the
i
r
imp
a
c
t
s
on
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
su
ch
a
s
t
sun
am
i
.
Howe
ve
r
the
se
“
f
ind
in
g
s
to
d
a
te
a
re
ch
a
l
len
g
in
g
lon
g
he
ld
a
s
sump
t
ion
s
abou
t
t
he
beh
a
v
iou
r
o
f
f
au
l
t
l
ine
s
in
the
We
l
l
in
g
ton
re
g
ion
and
h
i
gh
l
i
gh
t
the
need
to
re
v
i
se
the
b
a
s
i
s
o
f
We
l
l
in
g
ton
’
s
p
l
ann
in
g
and
p
rep
a
redne
s
s
fo
r
e
a
r
thqu
a
ke”
(Peppe
re
l
l
,
2012
,
p
.
1
)
,
the
re
fo
re
commun
i
c
a
t
in
g
the
se
re
su
l
t
s
to
the
pub
l
i
c
i
s
a
ch
a
l
len
ge
o
f
the
p
roje
c
t
.
Commun
i
t
y
mee
t
in
g
s
,
t
i
t
led
“We
l
l
in
g
ton
Ro
c
k
s
”,
we
re
de
s
i
gned
to
in
fo
rm
the
pub
l
i
c
o
f
the
re
su
l
t
s
o
f
the
“
I
t
’
s
ou
r
f
au
l
t
”
p
ro
je
c
t
.
The
se
p
re
sen
t
a
t
ion
s
,
and
o
the
r
r
i
s
k
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
re
le
a
sed
to
the
commun
i
t
y
,
u
sed
an
a
lo
g
ie
s
and
humou
r
to
en
g
a
ge
the
pub
l
i
c
.
Th
ree
ke
y
an
a
lo
g
ie
s
we
re
u
sed
(M
cB
r
ide
,
V
an
D
i
s
sen
,
L
an
g
r
id
ge
,
B
rown
&
Nee
l
y
,
2013
)
:
• The
g
ame
o
f
Ru
s
s
i
an
rou
le
t
te
w
a
s
u
sed
to
show
e
a
r
thqu
a
ke
r
i
s
k
in
We
l
l
in
g
ton
h
ad
gone
down
,
bu
t
i
t
w
a
s
s
t
i
l
l
d
an
ge
rou
s
–
“
the
gun
i
s
s
t
i
l
l
lo
aded
bu
t
the
re
a
re
now
few
e
r
bu
l
le
t
s
”
(GN
S
S
c
ien
ce
,
2013
)
.
• S
t
i
l
e
t
to
h
i
gh
hee
l
s
we
re
comp
a
red
to
b
l
a
c
k
boo
t
s
and
the
y
we
re
l
i
kened
to
how
the
bu
i
ld
in
g
s
t
and
a
rd
s
mu
s
t
d
i
f
fe
r
be
tween
Au
c
k
l
and
and
We
l
l
in
g
ton
.
S
t
i
le
t
to
s
m
a
y
be
mo
re
s
t
y
l
i
sh
,
bu
t
b
l
a
c
k
boo
t
s
a
re
mo
re
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
and
s
t
ab
le
fo
r
the
le
ve
l
o
f
r
i
s
k
We
l
l
in
g
ton
f
a
ce
s
comp
a
red
to
Au
c
k
l
and
.
• To
e
xp
l
a
in
the
ch
an
ge
s
in
the
Bu
i
ld
in
g
Code
,
cho
co
l
a
te
b
a
r
s
we
re
u
sed
to
i
l
lu
s
t
r
a
te
the
t
ype
s
o
f
bu
i
ld
in
g
s
.
C
run
ch
ie
B
a
r
s
we
re
comp
a
red
to
Mo
ro
Ba
r
s
to
show
th
a
t
one
i
s
mo
re
d
u
c
t
i
le
th
an
the
o
the
r
and
Mo
ro
B
a
r
l
i
ke
bu
i
ld
in
g
s
a
re
needed
in
We
l
l
in
g
ton
.
The
an
a
lo
g
ie
s
con
te
x
tu
a
l
i
sed
the
r
i
s
k
fo
r
the
commun
i
t
y
who
h
ad
l
i
t
t
le
te
chn
i
c
a
l
know
led
ge
o
f
the
i
s
sue
s
and
r
i
s
k
s
.
Th
rou
gh
e
xp
l
a
in
in
g
r
i
s
k
and
bu
i
ld
in
g
re
s
i
l
ien
ce
in
w
a
y
s
th
a
t
the
commun
i
t
y
cou
ld
re
l
a
te
to
,
the
y
“
seemed
to
g
a
in
a
be
t
te
r
unde
r
s
t
and
in
g
”
(M
cB
r
ide
e
t
a
l
.
,
2013
)
and
the
feedb
a
c
k
f
rom
the
commun
i
t
y
p
re
sen
t
a
t
ion
s
su
g
ge
s
ted
the
y
we
re
popu
l
a
r
add
i
t
ion
s
to
the
p
re
sen
t
a
t
ion
s
.
Commun
i
c
a
t
in
g
r
i
s
k
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
to
the
We
l
l
in
g
ton
pub
l
i
c
,
a
s
p
a
r
t
o
f
the
‘
I
t
’
s
Ou
r
F
au
l
t
’
p
ro
g
r
amme
,
a
l
so
con
s
i
s
ted
o
f
ad
ve
r
t
i
semen
t
s
whe
re
the
f
au
l
t
l
ine
w
a
s
d
i
sp
l
a
yed
abo
ve
g
round
.
A
b
i
g
o
r
an
ge
shee
t
abo
ve
g
round
,
showed
whe
re
the
f
au
l
t
r
an
;
th
rou
gh
peop
le
’
s
hou
se
s
and
b
a
c
k
y
a
rd
s
,
mo
to
rw
a
y
s
and
mo
re
.
Th
i
s
emph
a
s
i
sed
to
the
commun
i
t
y
th
a
t
e
ve
r
yone
wou
ld
be
e
f
fe
c
ted
and
i
t
m
ade
the
u
su
a
l
l
y
in
v
i
s
ib
le
f
au
l
t
,
‘
re
a
l
’
.
29
2
.5 L
i
te
r
a
tu
re
Re
v
iew
Summ
a
r
y
The
l
i
te
r
a
tu
re
re
v
iew
w
a
s
co
l
l
a
ted
in
to
fou
r
se
c
t
ion
s
.
The
f
i
r
s
t
se
c
t
ion
re
v
iewed
the
me
s
s
y
and
con
ten
t
iou
s
f
ie
ld
th
a
t
i
s
p
l
ann
in
g
and
e
xp
l
a
ined
wh
a
t
the
in
ten
t
ion
s
o
f
e
a
ch
p
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
y
a
re
.
Se
c
t
ion
one
then
su
mm
a
r
i
sed
how
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
che
s
in
co
rpo
r
a
te
ch
an
ge
and
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
.
The
se
cond
se
c
t
ion
comp
a
red
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
fo
r
sudden
sho
c
k
s,
and
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
fo
r
lon
g
eme
r
gen
c
ie
s
.
Bo
th
o
f
the
se
app
ro
a
che
s
a
re
re
l
a
t
i
ve
l
y
new
con
s
ide
r
a
t
ion
s
fo
r
p
l
anne
r
s
in
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
p
l
ann
in
g
and
i
t
i
s
c
le
a
r
th
a
t
the
se
app
ro
a
che
s
en
cou
r
a
ge
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
in
o
rde
r
to
tu
rn
know
led
ge
in
to
a
c
t
ion
.
The
th
i
rd
se
c
t
ion
in
ve
s
t
i
g
a
ted
the
l
i
te
r
a
tu
re
on
co
a
s
t
a
l
r
i
s
k
m
an
a
gemen
t
app
ro
a
che
s
.
I
t
fo
cu
sed
on
the
bene
f
i
t
s
and
ch
a
l
len
ge
s
o
f
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
and
su
g
ge
s
ted
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
a
s
an
a
l
te
rn
a
t
i
ve
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
.
F
in
a
l
l
y
,
the
l
i
te
r
a
tu
re
re
v
iew
p
re
sen
ted
two
c
a
se
s
t
ud
ie
s
to
demon
s
t
r
a
te
the
theo
r
y
in
a
c
t
ion
.
F
i
r
s
t
l
y
,
G
r
an
th
am
,
Queen
s
l
and
p
ro
v
ided
an
e
xp
l
an
a
t
ion
fo
r
how
commun
i
t
yled
m
an
a
ged
re
t
r
e
a
t
c
an
be
su
c
ce
s
s
fu
l
in
mo
v
in
g
commun
i
t
ie
s
to
a
le
s
s
vu
lne
r
ab
le
a
re
a
and
in
c
re
a
s
in
g
the
i
r
r
i
s
k
re
s
i
l
ien
ce
.
We
l
l
in
g
ton
,
New
Ze
a
l
and
w
a
s
the
se
cond
c
a
se
s
tud
y
and
i
t
i
l
lu
s
t
r
a
ted
how
nons
t
a
tu
to
r
y
r
i
s
k
co
mmun
i
c
a
t
ion
,
be
fo
re
s
t
a
tu
to
r
y
en
fo
r
cemen
t,
c
an
be
e
f
fe
c
t
i
ve
in
in
c
re
a
s
in
g
a
commun
i
t
y
’
s
r
i
s
k
re
s
i
l
ien
ce
.
The
l
i
te
r
a
r
y
deb
a
te
s
h
a
ve
r
a
i
sed
the
fo
l
low
in
g
que
s
t
ion
s
fo
r
m
y
re
se
a
r
ch
:
• How
i
s
the
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
s
low
on
se
t
ch
an
ge?
Wh
a
t
doe
s
th
a
t
s
a
y
abou
t
how
p
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
y
cope
s
w
i
th
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
in
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
?
• Wh
a
t
i
s
the
ro
le
o
f
the
pub
l
i
c
in
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
s
low
on
se
t
ch
an
ge
s
?
The
se
que
s
t
ion
s
h
a
ve
f
o
rmed
the
b
a
s
i
s
o
f
m
y
re
se
a
r
ch
ob
je
c
t
i
ve
s
and
h
a
ve
gu
ided
the
re
su
l
t
s
and
d
i
s
cu
s
s
ion
ch
ap
te
r
s
th
a
t
fo
l
low.
30
Ch
ap
te
r
3
New
Ze
a
l
and
Le
g
i
s
l
a
t
ion
Re
v
iew
Th
i
s
se
c
t
ion
e
xp
l
a
in
s
whe
re
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
ch
an
ge
o
c
cu
r
s
in
New
Ze
a
l
and
’
s
p
l
ann
in
g
f
r
amewo
r
k
and
how
po
l
i
c
y
i
s
re
l
a
ted
to
p
l
ann
in
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
.
An
unde
r
s
t
and
in
g
o
f
the
New
Ze
a
l
and
p
l
ann
in
g
f
r
amewo
r
k
i
s
impo
r
t
an
t
to
unde
r
s
t
and
p
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
y
in
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
.
New
Ze
a
l
and’
s
le
g
i
s
l
a
t
ion
th
a
t
i
s
re
le
v
an
t
to
the
m
an
a
gemen
t
o
f
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
,
p
a
r
t
i
cu
l
a
r
l
y
to
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
,
c
l
im
a
te
c
h
an
ge
indu
ced
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
and
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
,
i
s
ou
t
l
ined
in
Append
i
x
A
.
3
.1 P
l
ann
in
g
h
ie
r
a
r
ch
y
L
an
g
r
id
ge
&
Beb
an
(2011
)
a
r
gue
the
re
a
re
f
i
ve
ke
y
p
ie
ce
s
o
f
le
g
i
s
l
a
t
ion
fo
r
the
m
an
a
gemen
t
o
f
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
in
New
Ze
a
l
and
;
the
Lo
c
a
l
Go
ve
rnmen
t
A
c
t
2002
(
LGA
)
,
Re
sou
r
ce
M
an
a
gemen
t
A
c
t
1991
(RMA
)
,
Bu
i
ld
in
g
A
c
t
2004
,
Lo
c
a
l
Go
ve
rnmen
t
O
f
f
i
c
i
a
l
In
fo
rm
a
t
ion
and
Mee
t
in
g
s
A
c
t
1987
and
C
i
v
i
l
De
fen
ce
and
Eme
r
gen
c
y
M
an
a
gemen
t
A
c
t
2002
(CDEM)
.
The
in
te
r
a
c
t
ion
be
tween
the
se
s
t
a
tu
t
e
s
and
the
i
r
sub
sequen
t
p
l
an
s
,
a
s
we
l
l
a
s
the
h
ie
r
a
r
ch
i
c
a
l
le
ve
l
o
f
them
,
i
s
i
l
lu
s
t
r
a
ted
in
f
i
gu
re
4.
F
i
gu
re
4:
New
Ze
a
l
and
’
s
le
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
ve
f
r
amewo
r
k
fo
r
m
an
a
g
in
g
h
a
z
a
rd
s
(
L
an
g
r
i
gde
&
Beb
an
,
2011
)
31
The
R
e
sou
r
ce
Man
a
gemen
t
Ac
t
199
1
(RMA
)
i
s
New
Ze
a
l
and
’
s
fund
amen
t
a
l
le
g
i
s
l
a
t
ion
fo
r
su
s
t
a
in
ab
l
y
m
an
a
g
in
g
n
a
tu
r
a
l
and
ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
re
sou
r
ce
s
.
The
RMA
he
ad
s
a
h
ie
r
a
r
ch
y
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
do
cumen
t
s
and
i
t
requ
i
re
s
p
l
an
s
and
po
l
i
c
ie
s
to
be
p
rep
a
red
fo
r
the
m
an
a
gemen
t
o
f
the
co
a
s
t
al
en
v
i
ronmen
t
a
s
shown
in
F
i
gu
re
5.
F
i
gu
re
5:
P
l
ann
in
g
f
r
amewo
r
k
unde
r
the
RMA
fo
r
the
co
a
s
t
a
l
en
v
i
ronmen
t
(M
in
i
s
t
r
y
fo
r
the
En
v
i
ronmen
t
,
2008
)
The
New
Ze
a
l
and
Co
a
s
t
a
l
Po
l
i
c
y
S
t
a
temen
t
gu
ide
s
re
g
ion
a
l
and
d
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
coun
c
i
l
s
in
p
rep
a
r
in
g
re
g
ion
a
l
po
l
i
c
y
s
t
a
temen
t
s
,
re
g
ion
a
l
co
a
s
t
a
l
p
l
an
s
,
and
d
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
p
l
an
s
.
Nons
t
a
tu
to
r
y
p
l
an
s
o
r
s
t
r
a
te
g
ie
s
,
su
ch
a
s
iw
i
m
an
a
gemen
t
p
l
an
,
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
p
l
an
s
o
r
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
s
t
r
a
te
g
ie
s
a
re
a
l
so
a
v
a
i
l
ab
le
in
the
New
Ze
a
l
and
p
l
ann
in
g
f
r
amewo
r
k
and
c
an
p
l
a
y
an
impo
r
t
an
t
r
o
le
in
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
ch
an
ge.
3
.2 Re
spon
s
ib
i
l
i
t
ie
s
The
re
l
a
t
ion
sh
ip
be
tween
the
v
a
r
iou
s
p
ie
ce
s
o
f
le
g
i
s
l
a
t
ion
i
s
comp
le
x
,
a
s
shown
in
f
i
gu
re
4.
In
o
rde
r
to
p
l
an
fo
r
ch
an
ge
e
f
fe
c
t
i
ve
l
y
,
the
se
s
t
a
tu
to
r
y
p
ro
v
i
s
ion
s
mu
s
t
wo
r
k
to
ge
the
r
and
the
p
l
ans
unde
r
the
RMA
mu
s
t
comp
lemen
t
e
a
ch
o
the
r
.
Be
c
au
se
o
f
the
comp
le
x
f
r
amewo
r
k
,
the
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
le
ve
l
s
o
f
go
ve
rnmen
t
ope
r
a
t
in
g
unde
r
the
se
v
a
r
iou
s
A
c
t
s
,
mu
s
t
wo
r
k
to
ge
the
r
to
p
l
an
fo
r
ch
an
ge
.
Re
g
ion
a
l
coun
c
i
l
s
’
re
spon
s
ib
i
l
i
t
ie
s
co
ve
r
tho
se
a
spe
c
t
s
th
a
t
en
su
re
t
he
su
s
t
a
in
ab
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
the
re
g
ion
.
The
i
r
re
spon
s
ib
i
l
i
t
ie
s
in
c
lude,
(
a
)
e
f
fe
c
t
s
b
a
sed
m
an
a
gemen
t
o
f
f
re
shw
a
te
r
,
l
and
,
a
i
r
,
co
a
s
t
a
l
w
a
te
r
s
and
the
bed
s
o
f
l
a
ke
s
and
r
i
ve
r
s
,
th
rou
gh
re
g
ion
a
l
po
l
i
c
y
s
t
a
temen
t
s
and
re
sou
r
ce
con
sen
t
s
;
(b
)
c
i
v
i
l
de
fen
ce
and
eme
r
genc
y
m
an
a
gemen
t
fo
r
the
re
g
ion
;
(
c
)
re
g
ion
a
l
l
and
t
r
an
spo
r
t
p
l
ann
in
g
and
;
(d
)
m
a
in
t
a
in
in
g
and
enh
an
c
in
g
w
a
te
r
qu
a
l
i
t
y
,
e
co
s
y
s
tem
s
and
so
i
l
(Dep
a
r
tmen
t
o
f
In
te
rn
a
l
A
f
f
a
i
r
s
,
2011
)
.
32
Su
s
t
a
in
ab
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
the
d
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
i
s
the
re
spon
s
ib
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
the
te
r
r
i
to
r
i
a
l
au
tho
r
i
t
y
(
c
i
t
y
and
d
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
coun
c
i
l
)
.
Re
spon
s
ib
i
l
i
t
ie
s
o
f
c
i
t
y
o
r
d
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
coun
c
i
l
s
in
c
lude
,
(
a
)
lo
c
a
l
in
f
r
a
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
su
ch
a
s
w
a
te
r
supp
l
y
,
w
a
s
tew
a
te
r
,
s
to
rm
w
a
te
r
and
ro
ad
s
;
(b
)
m
an
a
g
in
g
the
e
f
fe
c
t
s
o
f
l
and
u
se
,
subd
i
v
i
s
ion
,
d
i
s
ch
a
r
ge
o
f
con
t
am
in
an
t
s
,
no
i
se
an
d
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
ie
s
on
the
su
r
f
a
ce
o
f
l
a
ke
s
and
r
i
ve
r
s
and
;
(
c
)
d
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
le
ve
l
c
i
v
i
l
de
fen
ce
and
eme
r
gen
c
y
m
an
a
gemen
t
(Dep
a
r
tmen
t
o
f
In
te
rn
a
l
A
f
f
a
i
r
s
,
2011
)
.
The
re
a
re
,
the
re
fo
re
,
po
ten
t
i
a
l
o
ve
r
l
ap
s
in
re
g
ion
a
l
and
te
r
r
i
to
r
i
a
l
re
spon
s
ib
i
l
i
t
ie
s
th
a
t
c
an
h
a
ve
imp
l
i
c
a
t
ion
s
fo
r
m
an
a
g
in
g
,
and
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
,
ch
an
ge
.
The
re
a
re
a
l
so
po
ten
t
i
a
l
con
t
r
ad
i
c
t
ion
s
be
tween
the
A
c
t
s
th
a
t
m
an
a
ge
ch
an
ge
in
New
Ze
a
l
and
,
fo
r
e
x
amp
le
,
be
tween
the
C
i
v
i
l
De
fen
ce
and
Eme
r
gen
c
y
M
an
a
gemen
t
A
c
t
2002
(CDEM
A
c
t
)
and
the
Lo
c
a
l
Go
ve
rnmen
t
A
c
t
200
2
(
LGA
)
.
The
CD
EM
A
c
t
’
s
pu
rpo
se
(
a
s
in
Append
i
x
A
)
,
i
s
to
imp
ro
v
e
and
p
romo
t
e
th
e
su
s
ta
inab
l
e
manag
em
en
t
o
f
ha
za
rd
s
in
a
wa
y
tha
t
con
t
r
ibu
t
e
s
to
th
e
so
c
ia
l
,
e
conom
i
c
,
cu
l
tu
ra
l
,
and
en
v
i
ronm
en
ta
l
w
e
l
l
b
e
ing
and
sa
f
e
t
y
o
f
th
e
pub
l
i
c
and
a
l
so
to
th
e
p
ro
t
e
c
t
ion
o
f
p
rop
e
r
t
y.
Thu
s
the
CDEM
A
c
t
re
co
gn
i
se
s
the
imp
a
c
t
o
f
en
v
i
ronmen
t
a
l
ch
an
ge
on
the
we
l
lbe
in
g
o
f
the
commun
i
t
y
.
In
con
t
r
a
s
t
,
the
LGA
’
s
pu
rpo
se
i
s
to
p
ro
v
id
e
fo
r
lo
ca
l
au
tho
r
i
t
i
e
s
to
p
la
y
a
b
road
ro
l
e
in
m
e
e
t
ing
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
and
fu
tu
r
e
n
e
ed
s
o
f
th
e
i
r
comm
un
i
t
i
e
s
fo
r
goodqua
l
i
t
y
lo
ca
l
in
f
ra
s
t
ru
c
tu
r
e
,
lo
ca
l
pub
l
i
c
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
,
and
p
e
r
fo
rman
c
e
o
f
r
egu
la
to
r
y
fun
c
t
ion
s
.
Thu
s
the
LGA
fo
cu
se
s
on
m
an
a
g
in
g
ch
an
ge
th
rou
gh
in
f
r
a
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
p
ro
v
i
s
ion
s
.
The
se
A
c
t
s
c
re
a
te
the
po
ten
t
i
a
l
fo
r
con
f
l
i
c
t
be
c
au
se
in
t
ime
s
o
f
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
,
unde
r
the
CD
EM
A
c
t
,
lo
c
a
l
go
ve
rnmen
t
i
s
requ
i
red
to
be
re
spon
s
ib
le
fo
r
the
we
l
l
be
in
g
o
f
the
commun
i
t
y
;
some
th
in
g
th
a
t
i
s
no
t
the
i
r
re
spon
s
ib
i
l
i
t
y
in
pe
a
ce
t
ime
.
Th
i
s
cou
ld
po
ten
t
i
a
l
l
y
add
p
re
s
su
re
to
lo
c
a
l
go
ve
rnmen
t
in
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
t
ime
s
be
c
au
se
the
y
wou
ld
be
requ
i
red
to
t
a
ke
on
a
re
spon
s
ib
i
l
i
t
y
th
a
t
the
y
a
re
no
t
ab
le
to
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
d
a
yto
d
a
y
unde
r
the
LGA
.
33
Ch
ap
te
r
4
Con
te
x
t
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
Chan
g
in
g
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
,
New
Ze
a
l
and
,
h
a
s
h
ad
a
h
i
s
to
r
y
o
f
ch
an
ge
in
wh
i
ch
the
geo
lo
g
y
o
f
the
a
re
a
h
a
s
a
lw
a
y
s
been
an
in
f
luen
t
i
a
l
f
a
c
to
r
.
The
s
i
te
now
known
a
s
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
w
a
s
o
c
cup
ied
a
s
e
a
r
l
y
a
s
1000
AD
b
y
Po
l
yne
s
i
an
s
fo
r
mo
ahun
t
in
g
(R
i
ce
,
1999
)
and
b
y
1800
the
a
re
a
w
a
s
inh
ab
i
ted
b
y
N
g
ā
i
Tū
āhu
r
i
r
i
o
f
N
g
ā
i
T
ahu
and
v
a
lued
fo
r
i
t
s
food
re
sou
r
ce
s
(Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
L
ib
r
a
r
ie
s
,
n
.d
.
)
.
The
f
i
r
s
t
m
a
jo
r
ch
an
ge
s
o
ccu
r
red
in
the
m
id
1800
’
s
when
Eu
rope
an
se
t
t
le
r
s
be
gun
to
o
c
cup
y
the
a
re
a
and
e
s
t
ab
l
i
sh
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
.
‘
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
i
s
a
p
l
anned
c
i
t
y
’
(C
a
s
t
le
,
1971
)
.
I
t
w
a
s
be
l
ie
ved
th
a
t
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
town
cou
ld
be
o
r
g
an
i
sed
l
i
ke
town
s
in
En
g
l
and
and
p
l
anned
be
fo
re
se
t
t
le
r
s
a
r
r
i
ved
(Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
L
ib
r
a
r
ie
s
,
n
.d
.
)
.
The
g
r
id
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
w
a
s
p
l
anned
a
round
a
cen
t
r
a
l
squ
a
re
and
bounded
b
y
fou
r
t
ree
l
ined
a
venue
s
(C
a
s
t
le
,
1971
)
.
The
s
i
te
fo
r
the
squ
a
re
m
i
le
g
r
id
town
w
a
s
cho
sen
in
1849
(
B
rown
,
Bee
th
am
,
P
a
t
te
r
son
&
Weebe
r
,
1995
)
.
I
t
w
a
s
m
a
in
l
y
sw
amp
,
h
ad
the
A
von
R
i
ve
r
cu
t
t
in
g
th
rou
gh
i
t
and
w
a
s
beh
ind
be
a
ch
dune
s
and
,
e
s
tu
a
r
ies
and
l
a
goon
s
(
B
rown
e
t
a
l
.
,
1995
)
.
The
geo
g
r
aph
i
c
se
t
t
in
g
o
f
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
a
l
so
me
an
s
i
t
i
s
con
ce
rned
w
i
th
f
lood
in
g
f
rom
the
W
a
im
a
k
ar
i
r
i
R
i
ve
r
,
v
i
ab
le
found
a
t
ion
s
be
c
au
se
o
f
the
sw
amp
,
in
s
t
ab
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
the
Po
r
t
h
i
l
l
s
,
co
a
s
t
a
l
e
ro
s
ion
and
s
ie
sm
i
c
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
(B
rown
e
t
a
l
.
,
1995
)
.
Hum
an
in
te
r
ven
t
ion
on
the
se
geo
lo
g
i
c
a
l
con
s
t
r
a
in
t
s
h
a
s
ch
an
ged
the
l
and
to
m
a
ke
i
t
su
i
t
ab
le
fo
r
se
t
t
lemen
t
.
The
sw
amp
s
we
re
d
r
a
ined
e
a
r
l
y
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
’
s
se
t
t
lemen
t
h
i
s
to
r
y
and
sho
r
t
l
y
a
f
te
r
the
c
i
t
y
’
s
e
s
t
ab
l
i
shmen
t
the
W
a
i
km
a
k
i
r
i
r
i
R
i
ve
r
w
a
s
re
a
l
i
gned
and
s
topb
an
k
s
we
re
c
re
a
ted
to
s
top
the
r
i
ve
r
f
lood
in
g
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
.
B
rown
e
t
a
l
.
(1995
)
,
re
co
gn
i
se
d
th
a
t
the
:
…o
r
i
g
in
a
l
co
a
s
t
a
l
f
loodp
l
ain
en
v
i
ronmen
t
o
f
the
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
u
rb
an
a
re
a
h
a
s
been
a
l
te
red
so
mu
ch
b
y
d
r
a
in
a
ge
and
in
f
i
l
l
in
g
o
f
sw
amp
s
th
a
t
i
t
s
de
s
c
r
ip
t
ion
a
s
‘
a
c
i
t
y
bu
i
l
t
on
a
sw
amp
’
a
l
thou
gh
h
i
s
to
r
i
c
a
l
l
y
co
r
re
c
t
,
i
s
no
lon
ge
r
app
a
ren
t
to
the
c
a
su
a
l
ob
se
r
ve
r
(B
rown
e
t
a
l
.
,
1995
)
.
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
’
s
geo
g
r
aph
y
a
l
so
me
an
s
i
t
i
s
p
rone
to
sp
r
aw
l
.
The
sou
th
o
f
the
c
i
t
y
i
s
con
s
t
r
a
ined
b
y
the
Po
r
t
H
i
l
l
s
,
the
e
a
s
t
b
y
the
se
a
and
the
no
r
th
i
s
con
s
t
r
a
ined
b
y
m
a
r
sh
l
and
s
(
Sw
a
f
f
ie
ld
,
2102
)
.
Bu
t
the
C
an
te
rbu
r
y
P
l
a
in
s
th
a
t
e
xp
and
to
the
we
s
t
and
sou
th
we
s
t
p
ro
v
ide
v
a
s
t
oppo
r
tun
i
t
y
fo
r
sp
r
aw
l
w
i
th
no
n
a
tu
r
a
l
fe
a
tu
re
to
con
t
a
in
the
c
i
t
y
.
F
lood
in
g
and
c
o
a
s
t
a
l
e
ro
s
ion
h
a
ve
lon
g
been
i
s
sue
s
fo
r
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
’
s
co
a
s
t
a
l
f
loodp
l
a
in
en
v
i
ronmen
t
and
the
e
f
fe
c
t
s
o
f
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
a
re
no
re
cen
t
d
i
s
co
ve
r
y
.
B
a
sh
ie
r
,
H
i
c
k
s
,
M
c
S
a
vene
y
and
34
Wh
i
tehou
se
(1988
,
in
B
rown
e
t
a
l
.
,
1995
)
,
iden
t
i
f
ied
th
a
t
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
cou
ld
r
e
su
l
t
in
g
re
a
te
r
f
requen
c
y
o
f
f
lood
in
g
in
low
l
y
in
g
co
a
s
t
a
l
a
re
a
s
,
inund
a
t
ion
f
rom
s
to
rm
su
r
ge
s
,
ch
an
ge
s
in
e
ro
s
ion
and
a
c
c
re
t
ion
p
ro
ce
s
se
s
,
and
h
i
ghe
r
g
roundw
a
te
r
.
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
h
a
s
re
cen
t
l
y
unde
r
gone
mo
re
d
r
a
s
t
i
c
ch
an
ge
fo
l
low
in
g
s
i
gn
i
f
i
c
an
t
se
i
sm
i
c
sequen
ce
s
be
g
inn
in
g
in
2010
and
con
s
i
s
t
in
g
o
f
two
m
a
jo
r
e
a
r
thqu
a
ke
s
;
the
f
i
r
s
t
,
a
m
a
gn
tude
7
.1
e
a
r
thqu
a
ke
on
nd
Sep
tembe
r
2010
and
then
a
m
a
gn
i
tude
6
.3
e
a
r
thqu
a
ke
on
22
Feb
ru
a
r
y
2011
.
A
s
we
l
l
a
s
4th
e
x
ten
s
i
ve
l
and
,
p
rope
r
t
y
and
in
f
r
a
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
d
am
a
ge
,
the
e
a
r
thqu
a
ke
s
h
a
ve
c
au
sed
the
l
and
to
sub
s
ide
b
y
mo
re
th
an
0
.5m
a
lon
g
the
A
von
R
i
ve
r
and
r
i
se
b
y
app
ro
x
im
a
te
l
y
0
.45m
in
the
A
von
He
a
th
co
te
E
s
tu
a
r
y
(
Ton
k
in
&
T
a
y
lo
r
,
2013
)
.
Ch
an
ge
s
in
the
o
r
ien
t
a
t
ion
o
f
the
l
and
m
a
y
h
a
ve
s
l
i
gh
t
l
y
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
imp
l
i
c
a
t
ion
s
fo
r
ho
w
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
w
i
l
l
e
f
fe
c
t
co
a
s
t
a
l
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
commun
i
t
ie
s
.
In
New
Ze
a
l
and
,
coun
c
i
l
s
a
re
requ
i
red
to
p
l
an
fo
r
the
lon
g
te
rm
in
te
re
s
t
s
o
f
commun
i
t
ie
s
.
In
2013
,
the
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
comm
i
s
s
ioned
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
to
a
s
se
s
s
the
po
ten
t
i
a
l
e
f
fe
c
t
s
o
f
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
fo
r
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
,
upd
a
te
the
1999
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
a
s
se
s
smen
t
and
a
c
coun
t
fo
r
the
l
and
ch
an
ge
s
the
o
c
cu
r
red
a
s
a
re
su
l
t
o
f
the
e
a
r
thqu
a
ke
s
.
The
re
su
l
t
in
g
repo
r
t
p
red
i
c
t
s
th
a
t
b
y
2115
,
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
c
an
e
xpe
c
t
a
r
i
se
in
se
a
le
ve
l
b
y
up
to
one
me
te
r,
and
the
repo
r
t
doe
s
no
t
e
l
im
in
a
te
the
po
s
s
ib
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
th
i
s
in
c
re
a
s
in
g
to
two
me
te
r
s
in
some
a
re
a
s
(
Ton
k
in
&
T
a
y
lo
r
,
2013
)
.
Re
i
s
in
ge
r
e
t
a
l
.
(2015
)
,
a
r
gued
th
a
t
be
c
au
se
o
f
the
on
go
in
g
n
a
tu
re
o
f
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
,
soone
r
o
r
l
a
te
r
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
w
i
l
l
be
come
impe
r
a
t
i
ve
a
lon
g
m
an
y
p
a
r
t
s
o
f
the
New
Ze
a
l
and
co
a
s
t
l
ine
.
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
(2013
)
re
co
gn
i
se
d
th
i
s
in
the
i
r
repo
r
t
and
ou
t
l
ine
d
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
a
s
a
po
s
s
i
lbe
p
l
ann
in
g
re
spon
se
to
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
.
Howe
ve
r
the
y
a
l
so
re
co
gn
i
sed
i
t
i
s
po
l
i
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
d
i
f
f
i
cu
l
t
.
Howe
ve
r
,
the
ke
y
re
commend
a
t
ion
s
f
rom
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
,
fo
r
the
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
,
in
the
2013
repo
r
t
th
a
t
a
re
re
le
v
an
t
to
th
i
s
d
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion
a
re
th
a
t
the
y
adop
t
a
Se
a
Le
ve
l
R
i
se
Ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
S
t
r
a
te
g
y
and
th
a
t
fu
tu
re
s
tud
ie
s
re
g
a
rd
in
g
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
con
s
ide
r
the
e
f
fe
c
t
s
o
f
1m
o
f
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
to
the
ye
a
r
2115
.
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
(2013
)
e
xp
l
a
ined
th
a
t
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
requ
i
re
s
a
numbe
r
o
f
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
p
l
ann
in
g
re
spon
se
s
wh
i
ch
c
an
be
in
co
rpo
r
a
ted
in
to
the
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
and
re
su
l
t
in
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
in
the
lon
g
te
rm
.
35
Ch
ap
te
r
5
Me
thodo
lo
g
y
5
.1 In
t
rodu
c
t
ion
Th
i
s
d
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion
a
im
s
to
in
ve
s
t
i
g
a
te
p
l
annin
g
re
spon
se
to
s
low
on
se
t
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s,
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
u
s
in
g
the
e
x
amp
le
o
f
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
.
Mo
re
spe
c
i
f
i
c
a
l
l
y
,
the
fo
l
low
in
g
re
se
a
r
ch
que
s
t
ion
s
ha
ve
been
se
t
:
• How
i
s
the
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
s
low
on
se
t
ch
an
ge
?
Wh
a
t
doe
s
th
a
t
s
a
y
abou
t
how
p
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
y
cope
s
w
i
th
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
in
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
?
• Wh
a
t
i
s
the
ro
le
o
f
the
pub
l
i
c
in
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
s
low
on
se
t
ch
an
ge
s
?
The
se
t
t
in
g
fo
r
th
i
s
re
se
a
r
ch
i
s
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
,
New
Ze
a
l
and
,
du
r
in
g
the
ye
a
r
2015
.
D
a
t
a
co
l
le
c
t
ion
and
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
h
a
ve
t
a
ken
p
l
a
ce
in
th
i
s
se
t
t
in
g
e
x
c
lu
s
i
ve
l
y
and
the
se
t
t
in
g
w
i
l
l
a
l
so
be
u
sed
fo
r
the
app
l
i
c
a
t
ion
o
f
the
f
ind
in
g
s
.
The
re
se
a
r
ch
se
t
t
in
g
i
s
fu
r
the
r
con
s
ide
red
in
Ch
ap
te
r
4
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
Con
te
x
t
.
I
t
i
s
in
te
re
s
t
in
g
to
no
te
th
a
t
the
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
d
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
p
l
an
re
v
iew
p
ro
ce
s
s
h
a
s
been
unde
rw
a
y
th
i
s
ye
a
r
and
the
re
fo
re
th
i
s
re
se
a
r
ch
too
k
p
l
a
ce
in
a
ch
an
g
in
g
p
l
ann
in
g
en
v
i
ronmen
t
.
The
n
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
ch
ap
te
r
o
f
the
P
ropo
sed
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
Rep
l
a
cemen
t
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
w
a
s
w
i
thd
r
awn
f
rom
the
p
ropo
sed
p
l
an
in
Sep
tembe
r
2015
,
to
be
de
a
l
t
w
i
th
ou
t
s
ide
o
f
the
f
a
s
t
t
r
a
c
ked
re
v
iew
p
ro
ce
s
s
in
2016
.
Re
se
a
r
ch
in
g
how
p
l
ann
in
g
cope
s
w
i
th
ch
an
ge
h
a
s
been
mo
s
t
in
te
re
s
t
in
g
du
r
in
g
th
i
s
l
i
ve
p
ro
ce
s
s
be
c
au
se
th
in
g
s
cou
ld
ch
an
ge
on
a
d
a
i
l
y
b
a
s
i
s
and
the
re
we
re
m
an
y
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
ie
s
to
be
m
an
a
ged
;
ju
s
t
a
s
in
p
l
ann
in
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
.
Th
i
s
me
thodo
lo
g
y
se
c
t
ion
e
xp
l
a
in
s
the
re
se
a
r
ch
de
s
i
gn
and
d
a
t
a
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
th
a
t
h
a
ve
been
u
sed
to
a
ch
ie
ve
the
a
im
and
ob
je
c
t
i
ve
s
o
f
th
i
s
d
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion
.
5
.2 Qu
a
l
i
t
a
t
i
ve
Re
se
a
r
ch
Me
thod
s
Qu
a
l
i
t
a
t
i
ve
me
thod
s
h
a
ve
been
cho
sen
fo
r
th
i
s
d
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion
be
c
au
se
un
l
i
ke
qu
an
t
i
t
a
t
i
ve
me
thod
s,
wh
i
ch
p
ro
v
ide
“
l
a
r
ge
a
g
g
re
g
a
te
s
o
f
d
a
t
a
and
the
s
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
a
l
te
s
t
in
g
o
f
emp
i
r
i
c
a
l
h
ypo
the
se
s
”
(Be
r
g
&
Lune
,
2012
,
p
.
15
)
,
qu
a
l
i
t
a
t
i
ve
me
thod
s
p
ro
v
ide
de
t
a
i
led
,
indep
th
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
a
few
c
a
se
s
(
F
l
i
c
k
,
2011
)
.
The
qu
a
l
i
t
a
t
i
ve
re
se
a
r
ch
p
ro
ce
s
s
doe
sn
’
t
ne
ce
s
s
a
r
i
l
y
h
a
ve
to
be
g
in
f
rom
a
theo
re
t
i
c
a
l
pe
r
spe
c
t
i
ve
o
r
h
ypo
the
se
s
(
F
l
i
c
k
,
2011
)
bu
t
r
a
the
r
c
an
s
t
a
r
t
w
i
th
an
i
s
sue
.
The
d
a
t
a
co
l
le
c
ted
in
th
i
s
re
se
a
r
ch
gene
r
a
ted
n
a
tu
r
a
l
l
y
,
and
w
a
s
a
l
lowed
to
spe
a
k
fo
r
i
t
se
l
f
,
r
a
the
r
th
an
rou
t
in
i
sed
d
a
t
a
36
co
l
le
c
t
ion
and
the
mou
ld
in
g
o
f
i
t
in
to
p
re
s
c
r
ibed
f
r
amewo
r
k
s
a
s
qu
an
t
i
t
a
t
i
ve
re
se
a
r
ch
doe
s
.
Den
z
in
and
L
in
co
ln
(2000
)
de
s
c
r
ibe
d
qu
a
l
i
t
a
t
i
ve
rese
a
r
ch
a
s
:
…a
s
i
tu
a
ted
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
th
a
t
lo
c
a
te
s
the
ob
se
r
ve
r
in
the
wo
r
ld
.
I
t
con
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
a
se
t
o
f
in
te
rp
re
t
i
ve
,
m
a
te
r
i
a
l
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
s
th
a
t
m
a
ke
s
the
wo
r
ld
v
i
s
ib
le
.
The
se
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
s…
tu
rn
the
wo
r
ld
in
to
a
se
r
ie
s
o
f
rep
re
sen
t
a
t
ions
…
A
t
th
i
s
le
ve
l
,
qu
a
l
i
t
a
t
i
ve
re
sea
r
ch
in
vo
l
ve
s
an
in
te
rp
re
t
i
ve
,
n
a
tu
r
a
l
i
s
t
i
c
app
ro
a
ch
to
the
wo
r
ld
.
Th
i
s
me
an
s
th
a
t
qu
a
l
i
t
a
t
i
ve
re
se
a
r
che
r
s
s
tud
y
th
in
g
s
in
the
i
r
n
a
tu
r
a
l
se
t
t
in
g
s
,
a
t
temp
t
in
g
to
m
a
ke
sen
se
o
f
,
o
r
in
te
rp
re
t
,
phenomen
a
in
te
rm
s
o
f
the
me
an
in
g
s
peop
le
b
r
in
g
to
them
.
(Den
z
in
&
L
in
co
ln
,
2000
,
p
.
3
)
Qu
a
l
i
t
a
t
i
ve
me
thod
s
we
re
u
sed
so
I
cou
ld,
ge
t
a
deepe
r
in
s
i
gh
t
in
to
how
p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
cop
in
g
w
i
th
ch
an
ge
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
c
h
in
re
g
a
rd
s
to
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se,
and
u
s
in
g
B
lume
r
’
s
(1969
)
wo
rd
s
,
‘
e
xp
lo
re’
and
‘
in
spe
c
t
’
the
i
s
sue
.
5
.2
.1 L
i
te
r
a
tu
re
B
a
sed
Re
se
a
r
ch
L
i
te
r
a
tu
re
b
a
sed
re
se
a
r
ch
w
a
s
condu
c
ted
a
t
the
ou
t
se
t
in
the
fo
rm
o
f
a
l
i
te
r
a
tu
re
re
v
iew
(
ch
ap
te
r
one
)
.
Th
i
s
a
l
lowed
fo
r
a
theo
re
t
i
c
a
l
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
y
and
the
h
i
s
to
r
y
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
,
wh
a
t
p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
me
an
t
to
a
ch
ie
ve,
and
how
the
v
a
r
iou
s
p
l
ann
in
g
p
a
r
ad
i
gm
s
cope
,
o
r
f
a
i
l
to
cope
w
i
th
,
ch
an
ge
.
I
t
a
l
so
a
l
lowed
me
to
e
xp
lo
re
the
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
f
ie
ld
and
co
a
s
t
a
l
m
an
a
gemen
t
s
t
r
a
te
g
ie
s
,
su
ch
a
s
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
.
F
rom
th
i
s
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
e
x
i
s
t
in
g
l
i
te
r
a
tu
re
,
que
s
t
ion
s
we
re
r
a
i
sed
abou
t
how
th
i
s
theo
r
y
re
l
a
ted
to
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
’
s
m
an
a
gemen
t
o
f
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
in
p
l
ann
in
g
.
5
.2
.2 Empe
r
i
c
a
l
Re
se
a
r
ch
Sem
i
s
t
ru
c
tu
red
in
te
r
v
iew
s
we
re
u
sed
in
th
i
s
re
se
a
r
ch
to
g
a
in
an
in
s
i
gh
t
in
to
the
v
iew
s
o
f
the
ind
i
v
idu
a
l
in
te
r
v
iewe
e
s
.
Sem
is
t
ru
c
tu
re
d
in
te
r
v
iew
s
we
re
u
sed
be
c
au
se
the
y
p
ro
v
ided
a
med
i
an
be
tween
fo
rm
a
l
,
s
t
ru
c
tu
red
in
te
r
v
iew
s
and
in
fo
rm
a
l
,
nond
i
re
c
t
i
ve
,
un
s
t
ru
c
tu
red
in
te
r
v
iew
s
(Be
r
g
&
Lune
,
2012
)
.
S
i
x
sem
i
s
t
ru
c
tu
red
in
te
r
v
iew
s
we
re
condu
c
ted
.
The
in
te
r
v
iewee
s
we
re
p
ro
fe
s
s
ion
a
l
P
l
anne
r
s
,
Po
l
i
c
y
Ad
v
i
so
r
s
o
r
D
i
s
a
s
te
r
R
i
s
k
Redu
c
t
ion
Spe
c
i
a
l
i
s
t
s
.
The
in
te
r
v
iewee
s
we
re
cho
sen
be
c
au
se
o
f
the
i
r
know
led
ge
on,
and
c
lo
se
re
l
a
t
ion
sh
ip
to
,
the
top
i
c
and
the
snowb
a
l
l
in
g
te
chn
ique
w
a
s
u
sed
whe
re
one
in
te
r
v
iew
u
su
a
l
l
y
le
ad
to
ano
the
r
po
s
s
ib
le
in
te
r
v
iewee
be
in
g
iden
t
i
f
ied
.
The
in
te
r
v
iew
s
we
re
gu
ided
b
y
an
in
te
r
v
iew
s
chedu
le
,
bu
t
the
y
rem
a
ined
f
le
x
ib
le
in
th
a
t
que
s
t
ion
s
cou
ld
be
ad
ju
s
ted
,
added
o
r
remo
ved
.
The
s
em
is
t
ru
c
tu
red
in
te
r
v
iew
que
s
t
ion
s
we
re
open,
o
r
sem
is
t
ru
c
tu
red
,
and
the
y
a
v
o
ided
be
in
g
su
g
ge
s
t
i
ve
to
the
in
te
r
v
iewee
(
F
l
i
c
k
,
2011
)
.
One
o
f
the
cen
t
r
a
l
tene
t
s
o
f
sem
i
s
t
ru
c
tu
red
in
te
r
v
iew
s
i
s
th
a
t
the
in
te
r
v
iewe
r
c
an
p
robe
to
g
a
in
deepe
r
dep
th
f
rom
the
d
i
s
cu
s
s
ion
the
re
fo
re
m
a
k
in
g
i
t
mo
re
bene
f
i
c
i
a
l
to
th
i
s
re
se
a
r
ch
th
an
s
t
ru
c
tu
red
in
te
r
v
iew
s
whe
re
the
in
te
r
v
iew
c
anno
t
v
a
r
y
f
rom
the
p
re
p
rep
a
red
s
c
r
ip
t
.
P
robe
s
we
re
u
sed
in
the
se
in
te
r
v
iew
s
to
ge
t
a
37
deepe
r
unde
r
s
t
and
in
g
o
f
theme
s
su
ch
a
s
ch
an
ge
,
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
and
p
l
ann
in
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
,
a
s
we
l
l
a
s
to
ge
t
the
in
te
r
v
iewee
s
to
p
ro
v
ide
e
x
amp
le
s
to
b
a
c
k
up
the
i
r
an
swe
r
s
.
E
th
i
c
a
l
con
s
ide
r
a
t
ion
s
we
re
a
c
coun
ted
fo
r
in
th
i
s
emp
i
r
i
c
a
l
re
se
a
r
ch
.
The
p
l
anne
r
s
and
po
l
i
c
y
ad
v
i
so
r
s
f
rom
the
pub
l
i
c
and
p
r
i
v
a
te
se
c
to
r
we
re
in
te
r
v
iewed
in
the
i
r
p
ro
fe
s
s
ion
a
l
c
ap
a
c
i
t
y
.
In
te
r
v
iewee
s
we
re
con
t
a
c
t
ed
v
i
a
phone
o
r
em
a
i
l
to
a
s
k
fo
r
pe
rm
i
s
s
ion
to
in
te
r
v
iew
and
se
t
a
mee
t
in
g
t
ime
and
lo
c
a
t
ion
.
A
t
the
in
te
r
v
iew
,
in
te
r
v
iewee
s
we
re
requ
i
red
to
s
i
gn
a
con
f
iden
t
i
a
l
i
t
y
a
g
reemen
t
wh
i
ch
e
s
t
ab
l
i
shed
the
le
ve
l
o
f
anon
ym
i
t
y
the
y
w
an
ted
and
the
cond
i
t
ion
s
fo
r
the
i
r
quo
te
s
be
in
g
in
c
luded
in
the
f
in
a
l
pub
l
i
shed
wo
r
k
.
5
.2
.3 C
a
se
S
tud
y
Re
se
a
r
ch
Be
r
g
and
Lune
(2012
)
po
in
ted
ou
t
th
a
t
the
re
a
re
m
an
y
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
w
a
y
s
o
f
de
f
in
in
g
the
c
a
se
s
tud
y
me
thod
.
S
imp
l
y
pu
t
,
c
a
se
s
tud
ie
s
a
re
the
“
indep
th
,
qu
a
l
i
t
a
t
i
ve
s
tud
ie
s
o
f
one
o
r
a
few
i
l
lu
s
t
r
a
t
i
ve
c
a
se
s
”
(H
a
g
an
,
2006
,
p
.
240
)
.
C
a
se
s
tud
ie
s
re
ve
a
l
the
ch
a
r
a
c
te
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
o
f
th
a
t
spe
c
i
f
i
c
phenomenon
,
commun
i
t
y
o
r
ind
i
v
idu
a
l
,
and
a
l
low
the
re
se
a
r
che
r
to
un
co
ve
r
some
o
f
the
h
idden
in
te
r
a
c
t
ion
s
and
fe
a
tu
re
s
th
a
t
o
the
r
re
se
a
r
ch
me
thod
s
m
a
y
o
ve
r
lo
o
k
(Be
r
g
&
Lune
,
2012
)
.
“M
an
y
good
theo
r
ie
s
a
re
b
a
sed
on
e
xemp
l
a
r
y
o
r
o
the
rw
i
se
‘
te
l
l
in
g
’
c
a
se
s
,
no
t
on
ab
s
t
r
a
c
t
no
t
ion
s
abou
t
how
v
a
r
i
ab
le
s
pe
r
se
ou
gh
t
to
beh
a
ve
”
(R
a
g
in
&
S
chne
ide
r
,
2011)
F
l
y
vb
je
r
g
(2001
)
ad
vo
c
a
ted
fo
r
the
c
a
se
s
tud
y
me
thod
b
y
re
v
i
s
in
g
f
i
ve
common
m
i
s
con
cep
t
ion
s
o
f
the
me
thod
.
F
i
r
s
t
l
y
,
he
a
r
gued
th
a
t
the
“
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
,
con
c
re
te
know
led
ge
g
a
ined
f
rom
c
a
se
s
tud
ie
s
i
s
mo
re
v
a
lu
ab
le
th
an
gene
r
a
l
theo
re
t
i
c
a
l
know
led
ge
and
v
a
in
un
i
ve
r
s
a
l
s
”
(p
.
73
)
.
Se
c
ond
l
y
,
F
l
y
vb
je
r
g
(2001
)
coun
te
red
the
c
r
i
t
iqu
e
th
a
t
gene
r
a
l
i
s
a
t
ion
c
anno
t
be
m
ade
f
rom
a
s
in
g
le
c
a
se
b
y
s
a
y
in
g
,
no
t
on
l
y
th
a
t
gene
r
a
l
i
s
a
t
ion
s
c
an
be
m
ade
,
bu
t
gene
r
a
l
i
s
a
t
ion
s
a
re
a
l
so
o
ve
r
v
a
lued
in
s
c
ien
t
i
f
i
c
de
ve
lopmen
t
and
“
the
powe
r
o
f
a
good
e
x
amp
le
”
(p
.
77
)
i
s
no
t
g
i
ven
enou
gh
c
red
i
t
.
Th
i
rd
l
y
,
i
t
i
s
con
ce
i
ved
th
a
t
c
a
se
s
tud
ie
s
a
re
on
l
y
v
a
lu
ab
le
a
t
the
ou
t
se
t
o
f
re
se
a
r
ch
in
gene
r
a
t
in
g
a
h
ypo
the
s
i
s
,
bu
t
F
l
y
vb
je
r
g
a
r
gue
s
th
a
t
i
t
i
s
u
se
fu
l
a
t
a
l
l
re
se
a
r
ch
s
t
a
ge
s
.
F
l
y
vb
je
r
g
(2001
)
co
r
re
c
t
s
the
fou
r
th
m
i
s
con
cep
t
ion
th
a
t
c
a
se
s
tud
ie
s
ve
r
i
f
y
the
re
se
a
r
ch
e
r
’
s
p
re
con
ce
i
ved
ide
a
s
b
y
s
a
y
in
g
th
a
t
the
c
a
se
s
tud
y
me
thod
i
s
no
mo
re
b
i
a
s
th
an
an
y
o
the
r
and
a
c
tu
a
l
l
y
the
c
a
se
s
tud
y
me
thod
con
t
a
in
s
mo
re
b
i
a
s
to
f
a
l
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
ion
th
an
ve
r
i
f
i
c
a
t
ion
.
F
in
a
l
l
y
,
r
a
the
r
th
an
be
in
g
d
i
f
f
i
cu
l
t
to
de
v
i
se
gene
r
a
l
theo
r
ie
s
f
rom
spe
c
i
f
i
c
c
a
se
s
tud
ie
s
,
F
l
y
vb
je
r
g
(2011
)
a
r
gued
th
a
t
i
s
a
f
au
l
t
of
the
c
a
se
,
no
t
the
me
thod
.
Ge
r
r
in
g
(2001
)
iden
t
i
f
ied
fou
r
t
ype
s
o
f
c
a
se
s
:
e
x
t
reme
c
a
se
s
(
s
tud
ied
fo
r
the
i
r
s
t
a
r
k
d
i
f
fe
ren
ce
o
r
fo
r
d
i
cho
tom
i
s
in
g
a
g
roup
o
f
s
im
i
l
a
r
c
a
se
s
)
;
t
yp
i
c
a
lc
a
se
s
(
s
tud
ied
b
e
c
au
se
the
y
a
re
the
mo
s
t
rep
re
sen
t
a
t
i
ve
o
f
a
popu
l
a
t
ion
)
;
c
ru
c
i
a
l
c
a
se
s
(
s
tud
ied
be
c
au
se
the
y
a
re
e
xemp
l
a
r
y
o
r
be
s
t
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
mode
l
s
);
and
coun
te
r
f
a
c
tu
a
l
c
a
se
s
(
f
i
c
t
ion
a
l
bu
t
con
ce
i
v
ab
le
c
a
se
s
th
a
t
a
re
s
tud
ied
to
te
s
t
ou
t
a
38
h
ypo
the
se
s
)
.
Be
c
au
se
o
f
the
re
l
a
ti
ve
you
th
o
f
‘m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
’
i
t
i
s
h
a
rd
to
choo
se
the
be
s
t
t
ype
o
f
c
a
se
s
tud
y
b
a
sed
on
Ge
r
r
in
g
’
s
(2001
)
fou
r
t
ype
s
.
C
a
se
s
tud
ie
s
h
a
ve
been
u
sed
in
th
i
s
re
se
a
r
ch
be
c
au
se
the
y
see
k
unde
r
s
t
and
in
g
,
r
a
the
r
th
an
the
p
red
i
c
t
ion
th
a
t
i
s
sou
gh
t
a
f
te
r
in
po
s
i
t
i
v
is
t
s
c
ien
t
i
f
i
c
me
thod
.
Th
i
s
re
se
a
r
ch
w
a
s
b
a
sed
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
,
New
Ze
a
l
and
.
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
p
ro
v
ide
s
a
good
c
a
se
se
t
t
in
g
fo
r
th
i
s
re
se
a
r
ch
be
c
au
se
the
C
i
t
y
i
s
cu
r
ren
t
l
y
f
a
ced
w
i
th
the
i
s
sue
o
f
how
to
re
co
gn
i
se
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
and
p
l
an
fo
r
ch
an
ge
in
re
g
a
rd
s
to
r
i
s
in
g
se
a
le
ve
l
s
.
A
l
thou
gh
the
re
su
l
t
s
a
re
se
t
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch,
o
the
r
c
a
se
s
tud
ie
s
h
a
ve
been
d
r
awn
on
to
ge
t
an
unde
r
s
t
and
in
g
o
f
how
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
c
an
o
c
cu
r
in
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
.
We
l
l
in
g
ton
,
New
Ze
a
l
and
p
ro
v
ide
s
a
g
re
a
t
c
a
se
s
tud
y
o
f
how
non
s
t
a
tu
to
r
y
r
i
s
k
commun
i
c
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
ie
s
c
an
imp
ro
ve
pub
l
i
c
pe
r
cep
t
ion
o
f
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
ie
s
a
round
it
.
Wh
i
le
,
G
r
an
th
am
,
Queen
s
l
and
,
Au
s
t
r
a
l
i
a
,
p
ro
v
ide
s
an
e
xp
l
an
a
to
r
y
c
a
se
o
f
how
commun
i
t
yled
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
c
an
be
su
c
ce
s
s
fu
l
when
suppo
r
ted
b
y
lo
c
a
l
and
s
t
a
te
po
l
i
c
y
.
5
.2
.4 Se
cond
a
r
y
Re
se
a
r
ch
“Con
ten
t
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
i
s
a
c
a
re
fu
l
,
de
t
a
i
led
,
s
y
s
tem
a
t
i
c
,
e
x
am
in
a
t
ion
and
in
te
rp
re
t
a
t
ion
o
f
a
p
a
r
t
i
cu
l
a
r
bod
y
o
f
m
a
te
r
i
a
l
in
an
e
f
fo
r
t
to
iden
t
i
f
y
p
a
t
te
rn
s
,
theme
s
,
b
i
a
se
s
,
and
me
an
in
g
s
”
(Be
r
g
&
Lune
,
2011
,
p
.
349
)
.
Con
ten
t
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
i
s
a
fo
rm
o
f
unob
t
ru
s
i
ve
re
se
a
r
ch
whe
re
a
s
i
tu
a
t
ion
can
be
s
tud
ied
w
i
thou
t
i
t
be
in
g
a
f
fe
c
ted
(B
ab
b
ie
,
2013
)
.
Co
f
fe
y
(2014
)
a
r
gued
th
a
t
do
cumen
t
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
c
an
en
r
i
ch
qu
a
l
i
t
a
t
i
ve
re
se
a
r
ch
and
c
an
p
r
o
v
ide
in
s
i
gh
t
no
t
on
l
y
th
rou
gh
con
ten
t
(wh
a
t
i
s
con
t
a
ined
w
i
th
in
the
do
cumen
t
s
)
bu
t
a
l
so
th
rou
gh
how
the
do
cumen
t
s
we
re
p
rodu
ced
and
a
re
u
sed
.
The
con
ten
t
o
f
the
p
re
v
iou
s
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
Ci
t
y
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
w
a
s
comp
a
red
to
the
P
ropo
sed
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
Rep
l
a
cemen
t
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
to
f
ind
s
im
i
l
a
r
i
t
ie
s
and
d
i
f
fe
ren
ce
s
in
how
ch
an
ge
i
s
a
c
know
led
ged
and
mo
re
spe
c
i
f
i
c
a
l
l
y
to
see
i
f
the
re
cen
t
e
a
r
thqu
a
ke
s
and
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
p
red
i
c
i
t
ion
s
h
a
ve
t
r
i
g
ge
red
an
y
ch
an
ge
s
to
the
p
ro
v
i
s
ion
s
on
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
5
.3 D
a
t
a
An
a
l
y
s
i
s
D
a
t
a
co
l
le
c
t
ion
and
d
a
t
a
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
c
cu
r
red
s
imu
l
t
aneou
s
l
y
.
In
te
r
v
iew
s
we
re
t
r
an
s
c
r
ibed
ve
rb
a
t
im
and
in
i
t
i
a
l
l
y
memo
ed
to
iden
t
i
f
y
theme
s
,
in
te
re
s
t
in
g
po
in
t
s
,
o
r
fu
r
the
r
que
s
t
ion
s.
The
d
a
t
a
co
l
le
c
t
ion
and
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
the
re
fo
re
too
k
a
snowb
a
l
l
e
f
fe
c
t
and
in
fo
rm
ed
e
a
ch
o
the
r
.
Fo
r
e
x
amp
le
,
an
in
te
r
v
iew
w
a
s
memoed
w
i
th
in
te
re
s
t
in
g
po
in
ts
o
r
que
s
t
ion
s
th
a
t
a
rose
and
then
the
se
memo
s
m
a
y
h
a
ve
in
fo
rm
ed
que
st
ion
s
in
the
ne
x
t
in
te
r
v
iew
.
In
te
r
v
iew
t
r
an
s
c
r
ip
t
s
and
the
d
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
p
l
an
s
we
re
then
anno
t
a
ted
and
coded
iden
t
i
f
y
in
g
common
re
cu
r
r
in
g
theme
s
.
39
Ch
ap
te
r
6
Re
su
l
t
s
Th
i
s
re
su
l
t
s
ch
ap
te
r
an
swe
r
s
the
fo
l
low
in
g
re
se
a
r
ch
que
s
t
ion
s
th
a
t
we
re
se
t
ou
t
in
Ch
ap
te
r
3
Me
thodo
lo
g
y
:
• How
i
s
the
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
s
low
on
se
t
ch
an
ge
?
Wh
a
t
doe
s
th
a
t
s
a
y
abou
t
how
p
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
y
cope
s
w
i
th
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
in
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
?
• Wh
a
t
i
s
the
ro
le
o
f
the
pub
l
i
c
in
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
s
low
on
se
t
ch
an
ge
s
?
6
.1 Re
spon
se
to
the
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
Repo
r
t
The
201
5
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
re
v
iew
p
ro
ce
s
s
h
a
s
m
ade
i
t
c
le
a
r
th
a
t
the
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
a
re
t
a
k
in
g
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
in
to
a
c
coun
t
and
a
re
t
a
k
in
g
s
tep
s
to
p
l
an
fo
r
the
se
,
de
sp
i
te
the
con
ten
t
iou
s
n
a
tu
re
th
a
t
the
re
spon
se
h
a
s
b
rou
gh
t
.
The
P
ropo
sed
Rep
l
a
cemen
t
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
con
s
ide
r
s
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
a
t
g
re
a
te
r
dep
th
s
th
an
the
p
re
v
iou
s
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
.
M
y
re
v
iew
o
f
the
p
re
v
iou
s
p
l
an
re
ve
a
led
th
a
t
i
t
con
s
ide
red
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
in
Se
c
t
ion
2
,
on
the
n
a
tu
r
al
en
v
i
ronmen
t
,
in
Ob
je
c
t
i
ve
2
.5
;
t
o
a
vo
id
o
r
m
i
t
iga
t
e
ad
v
e
r
s
e
e
f
f
e
c
ts
o
f
lo
s
s
o
r
damag
e
to
l
i
f
e
,
p
rop
e
r
t
y
,
o
r
o
th
e
r
pa
r
t
s
o
f
th
e
en
v
i
ronm
en
t
f
rom
na
tu
ra
l
ha
za
rd
s
.
Th
i
s
ob
je
c
t
i
ve
i
s
g
i
ven
e
f
fe
c
t
to
th
rou
gh
po
l
i
c
ie
s
,
o
f
wh
i
ch
Po
l
i
c
y
2
.5
.1
.
P
re
sen
ce
o
f
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
,
2
.5
.2
L
im
i
t
a
t
ion
s
on
de
ve
lopmen
t
,
2
.5
.4
Se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
and
2
.5
.8
F
lood
in
g
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
ion,
a
re
re
le
v
an
t
to
th
i
s
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
.
The
se
p
ro
v
i
s
ion
s
con
t
ro
l
de
ve
lopmen
t
to
p
ro
te
c
t
l
i
fe
and
in
ve
s
tmen
t
,
l
im
i
t
the
s
c
a
le
and
in
ten
s
i
t
y
o
f
de
ve
lopmen
t
to
a
vo
id
in
c
re
a
s
in
g
the
e
f
fe
c
t
s
o
f
h
a
z
a
rd
s
,
and
in
a
re
a
s
sub
je
c
t
to
in
c
re
a
sed
f
loor
le
ve
l
s
a
s
a
re
su
l
t
o
f
p
red
i
c
ted
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
,
a
vo
id
h
i
gh
den
s
i
t
y
de
ve
lopmen
t
and
ad
ve
r
se
e
f
fe
c
t
s
f
rom
inund
a
t
ion
.
The
p
re
v
iou
s
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an,
p
l
an
s
fo
r
h
a
l
f
a
me
te
r
o
f
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
in
f
lood
m
an
a
gemen
t
a
re
a
s
wh
i
ch
a
r
e
m
apped
.
The
Bu
i
ld
in
g
A
c
t
se
t
s
f
loo
r
le
ve
l
s
to
de
a
l
w
i
th
the
e
f
fe
c
t
s
o
f
inund
a
t
ion
fo
r
the
app
l
i
c
ab
le
m
apped
a
re
a
s.
M
y
comp
a
r
i
son
o
f
the
P
ropo
sed
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
Rep
l
a
cemen
t
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
and
the
p
re
v
iou
s
P
l
an
re
ve
a
led
th
a
t
the
Rep
l
a
cemen
t
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
con
t
a
in
s
a
mo
re
in
dep
th
re
spon
se
to
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
and
in
p
a
r
t
i
cu
l
a
r
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
.
Whe
re
the
p
re
v
iou
s
P
l
an
con
t
a
in
s
an
ob
je
c
t
i
ve
fo
r
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
amon
g
s
t
the
N
a
tu
r
a
l
En
v
i
ronmen
t
ch
ap
te
r
,
the
Rep
l
a
cemen
t
P
l
an
con
t
a
in
s
a
who
le
ch
ap
te
r
ded
i
c
a
ted
to
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s,
mo
s
t
l
i
ke
l
y
a
s
a
re
spon
s
e
to
the
2010
and
2011
e
a
r
thqu
a
ke
s.
Ch
ap
te
r
5
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
,
o
f
the
Rep
l
a
cemen
t
P
l
an
,
h
a
s
th
ree
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
ob
je
c
t
i
ve
s
and
then
gene
r
a
l
40
h
a
z
a
rd
s
po
l
i
c
ie
s
,
po
l
i
c
ie
s
fo
r
f
lood
in
g
,
geo
te
chn
i
c
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
,
s
lope
in
s
t
ab
i
l
i
t
y
,
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
and
mu
l
t
ip
le
h
a
za
rd
s
,
and
then
ru
le
s
th
a
t
app
l
y
to
e
a
ch
m
apped
a
re
a
.
O
f
the
th
ree
ob
je
c
t
i
ve
s
fo
r
the
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
ch
ap
te
r
,
the
fo
l
low
in
g
a
re
re
le
v
an
t
to
th
i
s
d
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion
:
redu
c
in
g
r
i
s
k
to
peop
le
,
p
rope
r
t
y
,
in
f
r
a
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
and
the
en
v
i
ronmen
t
f
rom
the
e
f
fe
c
t
s
o
f
inund
a
tion
f
rom
the
se
a
and
s
to
rm
su
r
ge
,
co
a
s
t
a
l
e
ro
s
ion
,
and
e
x
a
ce
rb
a
t
ion
o
f
h
a
z
a
rd
s
due
to
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
and
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
;
and
in
c
re
a
s
in
g
pub
l
i
c
aw
a
rene
s
s
o
f
the
r
an
ge
and
s
c
a
le
o
f
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
.
In
g
i
v
in
g
e
f
fe
c
t
to
the
se
ob
je
c
t
i
ve
s
,
i
t
i
s
impo
r
t
an
t
to
ment
ion
the
gene
r
a
l
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
po
l
i
c
ie
s
and
the
po
l
i
c
ie
s
f
o
r
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
.
The
gene
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
po
l
i
c
ie
s
in
the
P
ropo
sed
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
Rep
l
a
cemen
t
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
in
c
lude
:
• A
vo
id
new
subd
i
v
i
s
ion
,
u
se
o
r
de
ve
lopmen
t
whe
re
the
re
i
s
un
a
c
cep
t
ab
le
o
r
in
to
le
r
able
r
i
s
k
.
• C
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
in
f
r
a
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
shou
ld
be
lo
c
a
ted
aw
a
y
f
rom
s
i
gn
i
f
i
c
an
t
h
a
z
a
rd
s
whe
re
po
s
s
ib
le
• Con
t
ro
l
l
and
u
se
depend
in
g
on
r
i
s
k
• T
a
ke
a
p
re
c
au
t
ion
a
r
y
app
ro
a
ch
to
h
a
z
a
rd
m
an
a
gemen
t
,
t
a
k
in
g
in
to
a
c
coun
t
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
in
l
i
ke
l
ihood
and
s
c
a
le
,
cumu
l
a
t
i
ve
e
f
fe
c
t
s
o
f
mu
l
t
ip
le
h
a
z
a
rd
s
and
whe
re
the
re
i
s
po
ten
t
i
a
l
fo
r
se
r
iou
s
e
f
fe
c
t
s
f
rom
h
a
z
a
rd
s
.
• En
su
re
h
a
z
a
rd
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
ion
doe
s
no
t
wo
r
sen
a
known
h
a
z
a
rd
,
c
re
a
te
a
new
h
a
z
a
rd
o
r
t
r
an
s
fe
r
the
r
i
s
k
to
o
the
r
peop
le
,
p
rope
r
t
y
,
in
f
r
a
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
o
r
en
v
i
ronmen
t
.
• M
a
in
t
a
in
n
a
tu
ra
l
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
ion
fe
a
tu
re
s
su
ch
a
s
n
a
tu
r
a
l
pond
in
g
a
re
a
s
,
co
a
s
t
a
l
dune
s
,
we
t
l
and
s
and
w
a
te
rw
a
y
m
a
r
g
in
s
.
• En
su
re
peop
le
a
re
in
fo
rmed
and
en
cou
r
a
ge
re
s
i
l
ien
t
bu
i
ld
in
g
• En
su
re
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
i
s
con
s
ide
red
in
r
i
s
k
a
s
se
s
smen
t
when
new
subd
i
v
i
s
ion
,
u
se
o
r
de
ve
lopmen
t
i
s
be
in
g
con
s
ide
red
.
The
re
a
re
two
po
l
i
c
ie
s
spe
c
i
f
i
c
to
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
,
wh
i
ch
i
l
lu
s
t
r
a
te
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
’
s
m
an
a
gemen
t
o
f
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
fo
l
low
in
g
the
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
repo
r
t
s
.
The
f
i
r
s
t
i
s
Po
l
i
c
y
5
.6
.1
,
wh
i
ch
i
s
fo
r
co
a
s
t
a
l
e
ro
s
ion
and
se
a
w
ate
r
inund
a
t
ion
.
Th
i
s
po
l
i
c
y
a
im
s
to
redu
ce
the
r
i
s
k
o
f
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
to
peop
le
,
p
rope
r
t
y
and
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
in
f
r
a
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
b
y
:
a
vo
id
in
g
subd
i
v
i
s
ion
and
de
ve
lopmen
t
in
h
i
gh
r
i
s
k
a
re
a
s
o
ve
r
the
ne
x
t
50
ye
a
r
s
;
con
t
ro
l
subd
i
v
i
s
ion
and
de
ve
lopmen
t
in
a
re
a
s
th
a
t
w
i
ll
be
a
f
fe
c
ted
b
y
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
in
the
ne
x
t
50
100
ye
a
r
s
;
and
o
ve
r
the
ne
x
t
100
ye
a
r
s
en
ab
le
the
mod
i
f
i
c
a
t
ion
o
f
e
x
i
s
t
in
g
bu
i
ld
in
g
s
to
redu
ce
r
i
s
k
.
Th
i
s
po
l
i
c
y
re
co
gn
i
se
s
41
p
l
ann
in
g
t
ime
f
r
ame
s
fo
r
ch
an
ge
and
the
po
s
s
ib
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
wo
r
sen
in
g
e
f
fe
c
t
s
f
rom
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
.
Th
i
s
po
l
i
c
y
i
s
mu
ch
mo
re
spe
c
i
f
i
c
th
an
an
y
po
l
i
c
y
in
the
p
re
v
iou
s
P
l
an
and
re
co
gn
i
se
s
ch
an
ge
.
In
the
p
re
v
iou
s
P
l
an
,
the
re
w
a
s
no
men
t
ion
o
f
an
y
th
in
g
s
im
i
l
a
r
to
th
i
s
whe
re
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
t
ime
f
r
ame
s
a
re
men
t
ioned
.
The
o
the
r
po
l
i
c
y
i
s
Po
l
i
c
y
5
.6
.2
,
fo
r
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
ion
wo
r
k
s
.
Th
i
s
po
l
i
c
y
re
s
t
r
i
c
t
s
new
ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
ion
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
s
un
le
s
s
the
y
a
re
deemed
ab
so
lu
te
l
y
ne
ce
s
s
a
r
y
.
Th
i
s
no
t
ion
o
f
no
mo
re
h
a
rd
p
ro
te
c
t
ion
i
s
new
to
the
Rep
l
a
cemen
t
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
.
The
app
ro
a
ch
t
a
ken
in
the
P
ropo
sed
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
Rep
l
a
cemen
t
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
i
s
th
a
t
a
l
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
a
re
m
apped
.
The
m
ap
s
,
a
s
we
l
l
a
s
the
i
r
p
l
ann
in
g
fun
c
t
ion
s
,
a
re
me
an
t
to
r
a
i
se
aw
a
rene
s
s
o
f
the
h
a
z
a
rd
s
p
re
sen
t
in
ce
r
t
a
in
lo
c
a
t
ion
s
.
The
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
h
a
s
an
on
l
ine
too
l
whe
re
an
yone
c
an
se
a
r
ch
a
p
rope
r
t
y
and
the
re
su
l
t
in
g
m
ap
w
i
l
l
dep
i
c
t
a
l
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
zoned
fo
r
th
a
t
lo
c
a
t
ion
.
M
y
re
su
l
t
s
su
g
ge
s
t
th
a
t
t
he
se
m
ap
s
h
a
ve
m
a
y
be
too
bu
s
y
fo
r
the
pub
l
i
c
to
unde
r
s
t
and
.
I
t
i
s
hoped
th
i
s
on
l
ine
too
l
w
i
l
l
be
he
lp
fu
l
to
the
commun
i
t
y
bu
t
i
t
doe
sn
’
t
co
me
w
i
th
an
y
e
xp
l
an
a
t
ion
and
the
re
fo
re,
a
p
l
anne
r
s
a
id
th
a
t
the
l
a
ype
r
son
,
“ma
y
th
in
k
tha
t
i
t
i
s
th
e
end
o
f
th
e
wo
r
ld
wh
en
a
l
l
th
e
s
e
ha
za
rd
s
app
ea
r
to
b
e
on
th
e
i
r
p
rop
e
r
t
y
”
.
Th
i
s
p
l
anne
r
a
l
so
a
c
know
led
ged
th
a
t
you
c
an
pu
t
a
l
l
the
f
a
c
t
s
in
f
ron
t
o
f
peop
le
but
you
c
anno
t
a
lw
a
y
s
a
f
fe
c
t
peop
le
’
s
de
c
i
s
ion
s
.
The
ru
le
s
in
the
Rep
l
a
cemen
t
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
a
re
b
a
sed
a
round
the
m
app
in
g
and
zon
in
g
o
f
h
a
z
a
rd
s
.
The
re
a
re
ru
le
s
fo
r
f
loo
r
le
ve
l
and
f
i
l
l
m
an
a
gemen
t
a
re
a
s
,
h
i
gh
h
a
z
a
rd
m
an
a
gemen
t
a
re
as
,
co
a
s
t
a
l
e
ro
s
ion
m
an
a
gement
a
re
a
s
and
co
a
s
t
a
l
inund
a
t
ion
a
re
a
s
.
In
the
Co
a
s
t
a
l
E
ro
s
ion
M
an
a
gemen
t
A
re
a
s
and
Co
a
s
t
a
l
Inund
a
t
ion
M
an
a
gemen
t
A
re
a
s
the
re
a
re
no
p
roh
ib
i
ted
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
ie
s
.
A
p
l
anne
r
s
a
id
th
a
t
th
e
p
roh
ib
i
t
ed
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
s
ta
tu
s
i
s
spa
r
s
e
l
y
u
s
ed
[
in
th
e
R
ep
la
c
em
en
t
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
lan
]
and
tha
t
h
e
lp
s
w
i
th
“
un
c
e
r
ta
in
t
y
[o
f
s
ea
l
e
v
e
l
r
i
s
e
]
b
e
cau
s
e
p
eop
l
e
can
s
t
i
l
l
app
l
y
fo
r
[
r
e
sou
r
c
e
]
con
s
en
t
s
on
a
ca
s
e
b
y
ca
s
e
ba
s
i
s
;
so
e
v
e
r
yon
e
ha
s
oppo
r
tun
i
t
y
un
l
e
s
s
[
s
ea
l
e
v
e
l
r
i
s
e
o
r
a
coa
s
ta
l
ha
za
rd
e
v
en
t
i
s
]
ab
so
lu
t
e
l
y
c
e
r
ta
in
”
.
S
ubd
i
v
i
s
ion
and
new
de
ve
lopmen
t
i
s
a
noncomp
l
y
in
g
o
r
re
s
t
r
i
c
ted
d
i
s
c
re
t
ion
a
r
y
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
,
and
mod
i
f
i
c
a
t
ion
o
f
e
x
i
s
t
in
g
bu
i
ld
in
g
s
i
s
re
s
t
r
i
c
ted
d
i
s
c
re
t
ion
ar
y
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
.
M
y
re
su
l
t
s
a
c
know
led
ge
th
a
t
c
le
a
r
d
i
re
c
t
ion
i
s
p
ro
v
ided
b
y
the
C
an
te
rbu
r
y
Re
g
ion
a
l
Po
l
i
c
y
S
t
a
temen
t
h
a
z
a
rd
s
ch
ap
te
r
,
wh
i
ch
a
p
l
anne
r
e
xp
l
a
ined
s
t
a
te
s
to
a
vo
id
new
subd
i
v
i
s
ion
and
de
ve
lopmen
t
,
and
the
o
the
r
co
a
s
t
a
l
e
ro
s
ion
and
inund
a
t
ion
p
ro
v
i
s
ion
s
.
On
l
y
the
rep
a
i
r
and
m
a
in
ten
an
ce
o
f
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
in
f
r
a
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
i
s
a
pe
rm
i
t
ted
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
.
42
6
.2 P
l
ann
in
g
op
t
ion
s
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
M
y
re
su
l
t
s
a
f
f
i
rmed
th
a
t
p
l
ann
in
g
re
spon
se
to
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
c
an
t
a
ke
the
fo
rm
o
f
p
ro
te
c
t
ion
,
a
c
commod
a
t
ion
,
re
t
re
a
t
,
o
r
a
m
i
x
o
f
the
se
th
ree
app
ro
a
che
s
.
6
.2
.1 P
ro
te
c
t
In
the
p
a
s
t
,
the
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
h
a
s
,
a
s
h
a
ve
o
the
r
lo
c
a
l
au
tho
r
i
t
ie
s
,
con
s
t
ru
c
ted
h
a
rd
de
fen
ce
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
s
to
p
ro
te
c
t
a
g
a
in
s
t
the
e
f
fe
c
t
s
o
f
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
.
The
re
i
s
no
den
y
in
g
b
y
p
l
anne
r
s
th
a
t
the
re
i
s
a
p
l
a
ce
and
v
a
lue
fo
r
h
a
rd
de
fen
ce
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
s
,
howe
ve
r
the
y
a
re
u
su
a
l
l
y
u
sed
whe
re
the
re
i
s
an
a
s
se
t
beh
ind
i
t
,
wh
i
ch
i
s
v
a
lu
ab
le
enou
gh
th
a
t
i
t
w
a
r
r
an
t
s
a
h
a
rd
p
ro
te
c
t
ion
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
.
Bu
t
gene
r
a
l
l
y
spe
a
k
in
g
,
Pub
l
i
c
Se
c
to
r
N
a
tu
r
a
l
Re
sou
r
ce
s
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
Ad
v
i
so
r
s
a
id
th
a
t
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
doe
sn
’
t
h
a
ve
enou
gh
a
t
s
t
a
ke
to
w
a
r
r
an
t
th
a
t
fo
rm
o
f
p
ro
te
c
t
ion
a
s
a
b
l
an
ke
t
app
ro
a
ch
.
F
i
gu
re
6:
P
ro
te
c
t
i
ve
se
a
w
a
l
l
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
a
lon
g
The
E
sp
l
an
ade
,
Sumne
r
,
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
(
Sou
r
ce
:
Au
tho
r
)
H
a
rd
p
ro
te
c
t
ion
,
a
s
a
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
ion
te
chn
ique
,
i
s
mo
re
e
f
fe
c
t
i
ve
a
s
sho
r
t
te
rm
me
a
su
re
,
“g
en
e
ra
l
l
y
sp
ea
k
ing
,
th
e
y
[p
ro
t
e
c
t
ion
s
t
ru
c
tu
r
e
s
]
don
’
t
do
th
e
job
in
th
e
long
run
”
(C
an
te
rbu
r
y
Re
g
ion
a
l
O
f
f
i
ce
r
in
ch
a
r
ge
o
f
redu
c
t
ion
)
.
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
Spe
c
i
a
l
i
s
t
s
a
id
,
f
rom
h
i
s
ob
se
r
v
a
t
ion
s
o
f
the
h
a
rd
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
ion
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
s
th
a
t
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
h
ad
con
s
t
ru
c
ted
,
the
w
a
y
the
se
43
we
re
con
s
t
ru
c
ted
,
and
the
p
l
a
ce
s
the
y
we
re
pu
t
in
,
wou
ld
not
be
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
so
lu
t
ion
s
to
p
re
ven
t
in
g
the
e
f
fe
c
t
s
o
f
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
.
He
added
:
“
Wh
en
th
e
s
ea
l
e
v
e
l
r
i
s
e
in
fo
rma
t
ion
cam
e
ou
t
in
th
e
n
ew
spap
e
r
s
,
a
common
r
e
spon
s
e
b
y
th
e
pub
l
i
c
wa
s
tha
t
s
ea
wa
l
l
s
shou
ld
b
e
bu
i
l
t
to
m
i
t
iga
t
e
th
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
.
O
f
cou
r
s
e
,
you
can
eng
in
e
e
r
th
e
s
e
s
t
ru
c
tu
r
e
s
,
and
on
th
e
su
r
fa
c
e
th
e
y
ma
y
app
ea
r
to
b
e
a
good
op
t
ion
.
Bu
t
th
e
r
e
a
r
e
o
th
e
r
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
o
f
s
ea
l
e
v
e
l
r
i
s
e
tha
t
a
r
e
no
t
so
appa
r
en
t
and
canno
t
b
e
s
imp
l
y
so
l
v
ed
b
y
con
s
t
ru
c
t
in
g
a
s
ea
wa
l
l”
.
Fo
r
e
x
amp
le
,
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
m
a
y
c
au
se
the
g
round
w
a
te
r
le
ve
l
to
r
i
se
in
co
a
s
t
a
l
lo
c
a
t
ion
s
.
A
se
a
w
a
l
l
w
i
l
l
no
t
s
top
the
e
f
fe
c
t
o
f
r
i
s
in
g
g
roundw
a
te
r
le
ve
l
on
the
l
i
ke
s
o
f
s
to
rm
w
a
te
r
in
f
r
a
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
.
So
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
az
a
rd
s
Spe
c
i
a
l
i
s
t
s
a
id
i
t
i
s
impo
r
t
an
t
to
loo
k
a
t
the
cumu
l
a
t
i
ve
e
f
fe
c
t
s
when
de
te
rm
in
in
g
the
p
l
ann
in
g
re
spon
se
.
In
re
cen
t
t
ime
s
th
e
re
h
a
s
been
a
sh
i
f
t
tow
a
rd
s
ho
l
i
s
t
i
c
m
an
a
gemen
t
and
so
f
t
app
ro
a
che
s
.
Sen
io
r
P
l
ann
in
g
A
c
adem
i
c
s
a
id
th
a
t:
“
T
h
e
r
e
’
s
a
lo
t
mo
r
e
fo
cu
s
on
und
e
r
s
tand
ing
coa
s
ta
l
p
ro
c
es
s
e
s
and
wo
r
k
ing
w
i
th
tho
s
e…
to
m
in
im
i
z
e
i
t
s
impa
c
t
s,
a
nd
in
man
y
r
e
sp
e
c
t
s
tho
s
e
w
i
l
l
b
e
v
i
sua
l
impa
c
t
s
a
s
w
e
l
l
”
.
P
ro
te
c
t
ion
,
so
th
a
t
co
a
s
t
a
l
commun
i
t
ie
s
c
an
con
t
inue
to
bu
i
ld
on
the
co
a
s
t
,
i
s
no
t
de
s
i
red
a
s
the
so
le
so
lu
t
ion
fo
r
m
an
a
g
in
g
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
.
6
.2
.2 M
an
a
ged
Re
t
re
a
t
M
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
i
s
the
oppo
s
i
te
app
ro
a
ch
to
p
ro
te
c
t
ion
.
Howe
ve
r
,
m
y
re
su
l
t
s
h
a
ve
demon
s
t
r
a
ted
th
a
t
,
l
i
ke
p
ro
te
c
t
ion
,
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
h
a
s
l
i
t
t
le
suppo
r
t
a
s
a
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
m
an
a
gemen
t
app
ro
a
ch
.
When
a
s
ked
‘how
do
you
p
l
an
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
’
,
mo
s
t
p
l
anne
r
s
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
i
a
ted
be
tween
m
an
a
gemen
t
app
ro
a
che
s
th
a
t
m
i
t
i
g
a
te
the
p
rob
lem
th
rou
gh
m
an
a
g
in
g
the
se
a
,
o
r
m
an
a
g
in
g
the
peop
le
and
p
l
a
ce
s
imp
a
c
ted
.
C
an
te
rbu
r
y
Re
g
ion
a
l
CDEM
O
f
f
i
ce
r
in
ch
a
r
g
e
o
f
redu
c
t
ion
s
a
id
:
“
Tho
s
e
s
low
on
s
e
t
[d
i
sa
s
t
e
r
s
]
a
r
e
th
ing
s
tha
t
cou
ld
o
c
cu
r
o
v
e
r
a
long
e
r
p
e
r
iod
o
f
t
im
e
.
W
e
wou
ld
t
r
y
and
manag
e
[
thos
e
]
th
rough
r
edu
c
t
ion
and
e
i
th
e
r
pu
t
t
ing
m
i
t
iga
t
ion
in
p
la
c
e
to
s
top
th
e
ha
za
rd
f
rom
impa
c
t
ing
on
p
eop
l
e
,
o
r
r
emo
v
e
p
eop
l
e
f
rom
th
e
a
r
ea
i
t
s
e
l
f”
.
When
p
romp
ted
on
the
l
a
t
te
r
,
remo
v
in
g
peop
le
f
rom
the
a
re
a
vu
lne
r
ab
le
to
the
e
f
fe
c
t
s
o
f
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
,
and
whe
the
r
th
i
s
wou
ld
me
an
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
,
a
l
l
re
sponden
t
s
m
ade
i
t
c
le
a
r
th
a
t
re
t
re
a
t
a
lone
,
w
a
s
no
t
the
w
a
y
to
m
ana
ge
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
ju
s
t
ye
t
.
“
[
‘Manag
ed
r
e
t
r
ea
t
’
]
i
s
a
p
ro
vo
ca
t
i
v
e
t
e
rm…
El
e
c
t
ed
p
eop
l
e
a
r
e
g
en
e
ra
l
l
y
no
t
a
l
l
tha
t
en
thu
s
ed
b
y
i
t…
I
t
’
s
no
t
a
good
th
ing
,
p
eop
l
e
wan
t
d
e
v
e
lopm
en
t
”
(Pub
l
i
c
Se
c
to
r
N
a
tu
r
a
l
Re
sou
r
ce
s
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
Ad
v
i
so
r
)
.
Th
i
s
i
s
e
spe
c
i
a
l
l
y
t
rue
fo
r
peop
le
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
,
whe
re
some
o
f
the
a
re
a
s
sub
je
c
t
to
the
e
f
fe
c
t
s
o
f
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
a
re
tho
se
44
th
a
t
we
re
wo
r
s
t
a
f
fe
c
ted
b
y
the
e
a
r
thqu
a
ke
s
in
2010
and
2011
,
and
a
l
l
the
y
w
an
t
to
do
i
s
to
rebu
i
ld
and
mo
ve
on
.
U
s
in
g
te
rm
s
c
a
re
fu
l
l
y
in
h
a
z
a
rd
m
an
a
gemen
t
i
s
impo
r
t
an
t
be
c
au
se
i
t
i
s
a
comp
le
x
i
s
sue
th
a
t
h
a
s
m
an
y
emo
t
ion
s
a
t
t
a
ched
to
i
t
.
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
Spe
c
i
a
l
i
s
t
su
g
ge
s
ted
th
a
t
:
“
R
e
t
r
ea
t
i
sn
’
t
a
v
e
r
y
good
wo
rd
to
u
s
e
,
and
adap
ta
t
ion
i
s
a
b
e
t
t
e
r
wo
rd
to
u
s
e
.
So
it
’
s
r
ea
l
l
y
ju
s
t
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
t
emp
e
r
ing…
wha
t
th
e
con
s
equ
en
c
e
o
f
a
s
t
ra
t
eg
y
m
igh
t
b
e…
[
Fo
r
e
xamp
l
e
]
,
r
e
t
r
ea
t
i
s
ba
s
i
ca
l
l
y
you
run
awa
y
and
you
g
i
v
e
e
v
e
r
y
th
ing
up
,
wh
e
r
ea
s
adap
ta
t
ion
,
i
f
you
s
e
t
i
t
ou
t
p
rop
e
r
l
y
,
p
ro
v
id
e
s
a
b
i
t
mo
r
e
o
f
a
s
t
ru
c
tu
r
ed
wa
y
o
f
b
e
ing
ab
l
e
to
wo
r
k
w
i
th
th
e
ha
za
rd
fo
r
a
wh
i
l
e
un
t
i
l
you…
ha
v
e
to
po
t
en
t
ia
l
l
y
a
c
c
ep
t
d
e
f
ea
t
and
wa
l
k
awa
y
,
bu
t
r
e
t
r
ea
t
r
igh
t
a
t
th
e
up
f
ron
t…
a
s
a
long
t
e
rm
goa
l
,
u
sua
l
l
y
k
i
l
l
s
a
p
ro
j
e
c
t
”
.
The
re
i
s
a
l
so
a
lo
t
o
f
commun
i
ty
v
a
lue
in
the
se
co
a
s
t
a
l
a
re
a
s
a
t
r
i
s
k
,
wh
i
ch
m
a
ke
s
re
t
re
a
t
an
un
f
a
vou
r
ab
le
op
t
ion
.
Pub
l
i
c
Se
c
to
r
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
Ad
v
i
so
r
thou
gh
t
th
a
t
i
f
the
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
w
a
s
in
a
po
s
i
t
ion
whe
re
the
y
cou
ld
imp
lemen
t
a
bu
you
t
o
r
t
a
ke
aw
a
y
e
x
i
s
t
in
g
u
se
r
i
gh
t
s
,
then
the
y
co
u
ld
go
down
th
a
t
t
r
a
c
k
,
bu
t
the
re
i
s
too
mu
ch
commun
i
t
y
v
a
lue
in
the
se
a
re
a
s
to
imp
lemen
t
re
t
re
a
t
on
a
l
a
r
ge
s
c
a
le
w
i
thou
t
the
se
.
Thu
s
,
en
g
a
gemen
t
s
be
tween
lo
c
a
l
au
tho
r
i
t
ie
s
and
p
r
i
v
a
te
con
su
l
t
an
t
s
h
a
ve
t
yp
i
c
a
l
l
y
been
l
i
ke
th
a
t
be
tween
the
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
ty
Coun
c
i
l
and
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
whe
re
the
p
r
i
v
a
te
con
su
l
t
an
t
s
a
re
comm
i
s
s
ioned
to
unde
r
t
a
ke
the
a
s
se
s
smen
t
and
m
a
ke
su
g
ge
s
t
ion
s
fo
r
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
ion
.
A
s
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
Spe
c
i
a
l
i
s
t
s
a
id
:
“
T
yp
i
ca
l
l
y
sp
ea
k
ing
N
ew
Z
ea
land
’
s
no
t
r
ea
l
l
y
a
t
th
e
s
tag
e
wh
e
r
e
th
e
coun
c
i
l
s
a
r
e
p
r
epa
r
ed
to
go
th
e
r
e
w
i
th
th
e
r
ea
l
m
ea
t
y
qu
e
s
t
ion
s
o
r
i
s
su
e
s
a
round
imp
l
em
en
t
ing
m
i
t
iga
t
ion
o
r
com
in
g
up
w
i
th
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t
s
t
ra
t
eg
i
e
s
wh
i
ch
m
igh
t
impa
c
t
on
p
eop
l
e
’
s
p
rop
e
r
t
y
r
igh
t
s
and
th
ing
s
l
i
k
e
tha
t
”
.
The
o
the
r
po
s
s
ib
i
l
i
t
y
i
s
th
a
t
re
t
re
a
t
w
i
l
l
h
appen
n
a
tu
r
a
l
l
y
.
Pub
l
i
c
Se
c
to
r
N
a
tu
r
a
l
Re
sou
r
ce
s
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
Ad
v
i
so
r
be
l
ie
ved
th
a
t
the
i
s
sue
s
o
f
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
and
the
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
i
t
i
s
e
x
a
ce
rb
a
t
in
g
,
i
s
no
t
a
new
con
cep
t
.
“No
th
in
g
new
i
s
h
appen
in
g
o
the
r
th
an
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
i
s
h
appen
in
g
f
a
s
te
r
and
we
w
i
l
l
h
a
ve
to
th
in
k
mo
re
qu
i
c
k
l
y
”
(Pub
l
i
c
Se
c
to
r
N
a
tu
r
a
l
Re
sou
r
ce
s
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
Ad
v
i
so
r
)
.
Th
i
s
w
i
l
l
p
romo
te
in
co
rpo
r
a
t
ion
o
f
o
the
r
p
l
ann
in
g
me
thod
s
and
too
l
s
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
th
a
t
a
re
cen
t
red
on
be
in
g
mo
re
re
s
i
l
ien
t
to
co
a
s
t
a
l
p
ro
ce
s
se
s
;
no
t
runn
in
g
aw
a
y
f
rom
the
se
a
,
bu
t
a
l
so
no
t
ho
ld
in
g
the
se
a
a
t
b
a
y
in
s
te
ad
le
t
t
in
g
the
co
a
s
t
a
l
en
v
i
ronmen
t
ch
an
ge
,
and
a
c
commod
a
t
in
g
th
a
t
.
New
ru
le
s
a
re
be
in
g
in
co
rpo
r
a
ted
in
to
the
Rep
l
a
cemen
t
D
is
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
to
a
l
low
fo
r
the
mod
i
f
i
c
a
t
ion
o
f
e
x
i
s
t
in
g
bu
i
ld
in
g
s
so
th
a
t
the
f
loo
r
le
ve
l
cou
ld
be
r
a
i
sed
in
the
f
loo
r
le
ve
l
and
f
i
l
l
m
an
a
gemen
t
zone
s
.
So
in
a
sen
se
the
Rep
l
a
cemen
t
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
a
l
low
s
fo
r
mo
re
re
s
i
l
ien
t
bu
i
ld
in
g
s
.
Howe
ve
r
,
p
ie
ceme
a
l
ch
an
ge
s
,
whe
re
on
l
y
p
a
r
t
o
f
the
ne
i
ghbou
rhood
ad
ap
t
,
and
o
the
r
s
le
a
ve
,
i
s
no
t
the
in
ten
t
ion
,
b
e
cau
s
e
th
en
you
g
e
t
th
e
i
s
su
e
s
tha
t
ha
v
e
o
c
cu
r
r
ed
in
th
e
r
ed
zon
e
in
B
e
x
l
e
y
fo
r
e
xamp
l
e
,
th
e
wh
e
r
e
“
45
coun
c
i
l
i
s
fa
c
ed
w
i
th
th
e
d
e
c
i
s
ion
wh
e
th
e
r
to
k
e
ep
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
go
ing
to
on
l
y
a
f
ew
r
e
s
id
en
t
s2”
(
Pub
l
i
c
Se
c
to
r
N
a
tu
r
a
l
Re
sou
r
ce
s
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
Ad
v
i
so
r
)
.
6
.2
.3 Ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
o
r
a
m
i
xed
app
ro
a
ch
M
y
re
su
l
t
s
ind
i
c
a
ted
th
a
t
pl
anne
r
s
and
po
l
i
c
y
m
a
ke
r
s
wou
l
d
l
i
ke
to
see
a
m
i
xed
app
ro
a
ch
fo
r
m
an
a
g
in
g
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
;
a
comb
in
a
t
ion
o
f
p
ro
te
c
t
,
a
c
c
ommod
a
te
and
re
t
re
a
t
re
spon
se
s
.
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
(2013
)
su
g
ge
s
t
ed
a
Se
a
Le
ve
l
R
i
se
Ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
S
t
r
a
te
g
y
wh
i
ch
wou
ld
be
ph
a
sed
and
f
le
x
ib
le
in
i
t
s
imp
lemen
t
a
t
ion
.
Th
i
s
me
an
s
th
a
t
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
t
ime
s
c
a
le
s
o
r
p
l
ann
in
g
ho
r
i
zon
s
wou
ld
be
de
ve
loped
fo
r
p
a
r
t
i
cu
l
a
r
m
an
a
gemen
t
me
thod
s
.
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
’
s
P
r
in
c
ipa
l
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
Spe
c
i
a
l
i
s
t
g
a
ve
the
fo
l
low
in
g
e
x
amp
le
o
f
wh
a
t
an
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
m
i
gh
t
loo
k
l
i
ke
:
“
I
t
m
igh
t
b
e
tha
t
fo
r
y
ea
r
0
15
i
t
’
s
bu
s
in
e
s
s
a
s
u
sua
l
and
tha
t
p
eop
l
e
ju
s
t
g
e
t
to
en
jo
y
th
e
i
r
p
rop
e
r
t
i
e
s
and
th
e
r
e’
s
no
r
ea
l
chang
e
to
an
y
th
ing
.
B
e
tw
e
en
y
ea
r
15
and
y
ea
r
50…
you
m
igh
t
p
r
e
v
en
t
fu
r
th
e
r
d
e
v
e
lopm
en
t
o
f
th
e
lo
t
in
t
e
rm
s
o
f
add
ing
s
ign
i
f
i
can
t
add
i
t
ion
s
to
th
e
hou
s
e
o
r
n
ew
d
e
v
e
lopm
en
t
r
igh
t
s
in
t
e
rm
s
o
f
subd
i
v
i
s
ion…
and
th
en
you
r
long
e
r
t
e
rm
on
e
s
m
igh
t
b
e
,
fo
r
c
e
r
ta
in
a
r
ea
s…
th
e
p
eop
l
e
ju
s
t
r
e
t
r
ea
t
f
rom
th
em
b
e
cau
s
e
th
e
wa
t
e
r
i
s
inunda
t
ing
th
em
to
th
e
e
x
t
en
t
tha
t
th
e
i
r
p
rop
e
r
t
y
’
s
no
t
r
ea
l
l
y
v
iab
l
e
an
ymo
r
e
and
i
t
do
e
sn
’
t
ma
k
e
s
en
s
e
fo
r
coun
c
i
l
to
r
e
t
i
cu
la
t
e
tha
t
in
f
ra
s
t
ru
c
tu
r
e
o
r
t
r
y
and
fa
c
i
l
i
ta
t
e
on
s
i
t
e
wa
s
t
ewa
t
e
r
d
i
spo
sa
l
b
e
low
th
e
g
round
wa
t
e
r
tab
l
e,
and
a
l
l
tho
s
e
so
r
t
s
o
f
th
ing
s
.
So
wh
en
w
e
ta
l
k
abou
t
adap
ta
t
ion
s
t
ra
t
eg
i
e
s
,
th
e
y
’
r
e
r
ea
l
l
y
ju
s
t
s
e
t
t
ing
ou
t
pa
thwa
y
s
fo
r
g
e
t
t
ing
p
eop
l
e
to
bu
y
in
to
th
e
fa
c
t
tha
t
long
t
e
rm
,
th
e
re
i
s
a
chan
c
e
th
e
y
ma
y
no
t
b
e
ab
l
e
to
do
wha
t
th
e
y
’
r
e
do
ing
now”
.
An
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
wou
ld
p
romo
te
in
co
rpo
r
a
t
ion
o
f
o
the
r
p
l
ann
in
g
me
thod
s
and
too
l
s
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
a
re
cen
t
red
on
be
in
g
mo
re
re
s
i
l
ien
t
to
co
a
s
t
a
l
p
ro
ce
s
se
s.
Fo
r
e
x
amp
le
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
Spe
c
i
a
l
i
s
t
s
a
id
he
h
ad
seen
th
in
g
s
l
i
ke
co
a
s
t
a
l
m
an
a
gemen
t
gu
ide
l
ine
s
a
round
how
bu
i
ld
in
g
s
a
re
con
s
t
ru
c
ted
o
r
s
i
ted
to
be
mo
re
re
s
i
l
ien
t
to
co
a
s
t
a
l
p
ro
ce
s
se
s
,
in
te
rm
s
o
f
the
i
r
found
a
t
ion
s
and
the
i
r
lo
c
a
t
ab
i
l
i
t
y
and
th
in
g
s
l
i
ke
re
se
r
ve
a
re
a
s
o
f
the
s
i
te
whe
re
you
cou
ld
re
lo
c
a
te
a
bu
i
ld
in
g
to
and
s
t
i
l
l
h
a
ve
a
v
i
ab
le
,
de
ve
lop
ab
le
,
o
c
cup
i
ab
le
lo
t
.
An
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
i
s
a
l
so
a
mo
re
ho
l
i
s
t
i
c
app
ro
a
ch,
and
be
c
au
se
o
f
i
t
s
f
le
x
ib
i
l
i
t
y
,
i
t
c
an
be
ad
ap
ted
and
app
l
ied
to
an
y
lo
c
a
t
ion
.
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
Spe
c
i
a
l
i
s
t
r
a
i
sed
the
con
ce
rn
th
a
t
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
,
some
o
f
the
co
a
s
t
a
l
commun
i
t
ie
s
a
re
f
a
ced
w
i
th
mu
l
t
ip
le
h
a
z
a
rd
s
.
Fo
r
e
x
amp
le
,
Sumne
r
and
Fe
r
r
yme
ad
a
re
s
andw
i
ched
be
tween
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
,
and
ro
c
k
f
a
l
l
and
sl
ip
h
a
z
a
rd
s
.
So
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
Spe
c
i
a
l
i
s
t
be
l
ie
ved
th
a
t
in
th
in
k
in
g
abou
t
the
2
Be
x
le
y
i
s
an
e
a
s
te
rn
subu
rb
o
f
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
th
a
t
w
a
s
b
ad
l
y
d
am
a
ged
b
y
e
a
r
thqu
a
ke
s
in
2010
and
2011
.
The
subu
rb
w
a
s
zoned
a
s
‘
red
’
,
me
an
in
g
i
t
h
ad
w
ide
sp
re
ad
l
and
and
in
f
r
a
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
d
am
a
ge
and
a
so
lu
t
ion
to
rep
a
i
r
the
l
and
wou
ld
be
un
ce
r
t
a
in
,
c
o
s
t
l
y
and
l
i
ke
l
y
to
be
h
i
gh
l
y
d
i
s
rup
t
i
ve
.
Re
s
iden
t
s
we
re
o
f
fe
red
a
p
a
you
t
fo
r
the
i
r
d
am
a
ged
l
and
and
p
rope
r
t
y
,
howe
ve
r
some
re
s
iden
t
s
cho
se
to
s
t
a
y
in
the
i
r
home
s
.
Th
i
s
c
au
sed
a
d
i
lemm
a
fo
r
the
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
on
whe
the
r
o
r
no
t
to
con
t
inue
p
ro
v
i
d
in
g
se
r
v
i
ce
s
to
the
few
rem
a
in
in
g
re
s
iden
t
s
in
red
zoned
subu
rb
s
su
ch
a
s
Be
x
le
y
.
46
lon
ge
v
i
t
y
o
f
some
o
f
the
se
co
a
s
t
a
l
commun
i
t
ie
s
,
a
l
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
h
a
ve
to
be
con
s
ide
red
and
wh
i
le
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
m
i
gh
t
be
a
s
t
a
r
t
in
g
po
in
t
,
i
t
m
a
y
be
th
a
t
ano
the
r
h
a
z
a
rd
,
su
ch
a
s
ro
c
k
f
a
l
l
,
m
i
gh
t
h
a
ve
a
g
re
a
te
r
po
t
en
t
i
a
l
imp
a
c
t
.
“So
tha
t
’
s
wh
y
tha
t
adap
ta
t
ion
s
t
ra
t
eg
y
i
s
qu
i
t
e
a
good
id
ea
b
e
cau
s
e
you
can
m
i
x
and
ma
t
ch
,
and
chang
e,
th
e
so
r
t
o
r
m
e
chan
i
c
s
o
f
i
t
to
su
i
t
th
e
pa
r
t
i
cu
la
r
en
v
i
ronm
en
t
and
s
e
t
o
f
c
i
r
cum
s
tan
c
e
s”
(
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
Spe
c
i
a
l
i
s
t
)
.
The
bene
f
i
t
o
f
an
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
,
r
a
the
r
th
an
re
t
re
a
t
,
i
s
th
a
t
you
c
an
mon
i
to
r
ch
an
ge
s
th
a
t
a
re
o
c
cu
r
r
in
g
and
re
spond
in
a
c
a
re
fu
l
,
con
s
ide
red
m
anne
r
,
b
a
sed
on
the
re
su
l
t
s
o
f
th
a
t
mon
i
to
r
in
g
.
I
f
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
e
ven
tu
a
te
s
a
t
the
lowe
r
end
o
f
the
p
red
i
c
t
ion
s
then
the
p
l
ann
in
g
re
spon
se
in
th
i
s
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
w
i
l
l
be
qu
i
te
a
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
ou
t
come
to
wh
a
t
the
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
w
i
l
l
be
a
t
the
h
i
ghe
r
end
.
Th
i
s
i
s
wh
y
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
’
s
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
Spe
c
i
a
l
i
s
t
l
i
ke
s
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
ie
s
:
“
I
t
’
s
go
t
th
i
s
conno
ta
t
ion
tha
t
i
t
’
s
a
l
i
v
e
p
ro
c
e
s
s
tha
t
you
’
r
e
a
lwa
y
s
th
in
k
ing
abou
t
and
you
’
r
e
a
lwa
y
s
upda
t
ing”
.
M
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
,
on
the
o
the
r
h
and
h
a
s
ne
g
a
t
i
ve
conno
t
a
t
ion
s
th
a
t
p
rope
r
t
ie
s
w
i
l
l
be
inund
a
ted
and
re
s
iden
t
s
w
i
l
l
h
a
ve
to
mo
ve
e
l
sewhe
re
.
So
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
’
s
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
Spe
c
i
a
l
i
s
t
th
in
k
s
th
a
t
po
l
i
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
,
i
t
’
s
a
good
ide
a
to
u
se
the
te
rm
‘
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
’
be
c
au
se
then
i
t
i
s
abou
t
e
xp
l
a
in
in
g
to
peop
le
th
a
t
i
t
doe
sn
’
t
me
an
the
y
w
i
l
l
be
e
v
i
c
ted
f
rom
the
i
r
home
s
immed
i
a
te
l
y
,
bu
t
r
a
the
r
th
a
t
i
t
i
s
the
wo
r
s
t
c
a
se
s
cen
a
r
io
and
a
lo
t
c
an
h
appen
in
the
m
idd
le
so
i
t
i
s
mo
re
o
f
a
‘
w
a
i
t
and
see
’
app
ro
a
ch
.
The
p
l
ann
in
g
p
ro
ce
s
s
the
re
fo
re
in
co
rpo
r
a
te
s
the
po
s
s
ib
i
l
i
t
ie
s
fo
r
ch
an
ge
r
a
the
r
th
an
se
t
t
in
g
r
i
g
id
t
a
r
ge
t
s
wh
i
ch
h
a
ve
to
be
a
ch
ie
ved
.
No
t
on
l
y
doe
s
th
i
s
l
i
ve
p
ro
ce
s
s
he
lp
p
l
anne
r
s
and
po
l
i
c
y
m
a
ke
r
s
to
m
a
ke
the
be
s
t
de
c
i
s
ion
s,
bu
t
i
t
a
l
so
he
lp
s
tho
se
peop
le
a
f
fe
c
ted
to
de
a
l
w
i
th
i
t
be
c
au
se
the
y
h
a
ve
h
ad
w
a
rn
in
g
.
M
y
re
su
l
ts
ind
i
c
a
t
e
th
a
t
the
re
i
s
no
s
i
gn
o
f
an
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
be
in
g
in
c
luded
in
the
p
l
an
ju
s
t
ye
t
,
de
sp
i
te
i
t
be
in
g
a
ke
y
re
commend
a
t
ion
o
f
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
in
how
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
shou
ld
re
spond
to
the
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
p
red
i
c
t
ion
s.
The
re
i
s
a
ch
an
ce
howe
ve
r
th
a
t
an
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
o
f
so
r
t
s
m
a
y
p
re
sen
t
i
t
se
l
f
in
a
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
S
t
r
a
te
g
y
th
a
t
i
s
p
ropo
sed
fo
r
the
fu
tu
re
.
“
Th
e
pu
rpo
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
t
ra
t
eg
y
w
i
l
l
b
e
to
p
ro
v
id
e
a
f
ram
ewo
r
k
fo
r
id
en
t
i
f
y
ing
p
r
io
r
i
t
i
e
s
fo
r
a
c
t
ion
,
and
to
d
e
f
in
e
wh
e
r
e
r
e
spon
s
ib
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
l
i
e
.
I
t
w
i
l
l
a
l
so
p
ro
v
id
e
a
po
l
i
c
y
f
ram
ewo
r
k
fo
r
manag
ing
na
tu
ra
l
ha
za
rd
s
a
c
ro
s
s
a
w
id
e
rang
e
o
f
coun
c
i
l
ro
l
e
s
and
r
e
spon
s
ib
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
”
(Pub
l
i
c
S
e
c
to
r
Na
tu
ra
l
R
e
sou
r
c
e
s
P
r
in
c
ipa
l
Ad
v
i
so
r
)
.
“
The
S
t
r
a
te
g
y
w
i
l
l
be
abou
t
le
s
sen
in
g
the
imp
a
c
t
o
f
h
a
z
a
rd
s
when
an
e
ven
t
doe
s
o
c
cu
r
,
s
a
v
in
g
l
i
ve
s
,
redu
c
in
g
d
am
a
ge
and
d
i
s
rup
t
ion
,
and
en
ab
l
in
g
f
a
s
te
r
re
co
ve
r
y
”
(Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
,
2015
)
.
“
Th
e
fo
cu
s
w
i
l
l
b
e
on
r
i
s
k
r
edu
c
t
ion
how
e
v
e
r
i
t
can
’
t
and
won
’
t
igno
r
e
th
e
o
th
e
r
th
r
e
e
R
’
s
;
r
ead
in
e
s
s
,
r
e
spon
s
e
and
r
e
co
v
e
r
y
”
(Pub
l
i
c
S
e
c
to
r
Na
tu
ra
l
R
e
sou
r
c
e
s
P
r
in
c
ipa
l
Ad
v
i
so
r
)
.
The
S
t
r
a
te
g
y
w
i
l
l
t
a
ke
an
ad
ap
t
i
ve
m
an
a
gemen
t
app
ro
a
ch
th
a
t
i
s
“
ba
lan
c
ed
a
long
w
i
th
d
e
f
end
and
r
e
t
r
ea
t
.
I
t
r
ea
t
th
e
la
t
t
e
r
a
s
pa
r
t
o
f
adap
ta
t
ion
.
Ov
e
r
t
im
e
w
e
ha
v
e
mo
v
ed
on
f
rom
"
k
e
ep
ing
th
e
wa
t
e
r
awa
y
f
rom
th
e
p
eop
l
e
"
to
47
"
k
e
ep
ing
p
eop
l
e
awa
y
f
rom
th
e
wa
t
e
r
"
.
Th
i
s
t
r
end
con
t
inu
e
s
,
bu
t
ob
v
iou
s
l
y
can
'
t
b
e
app
l
i
ed
e
v
e
r
ywh
e
r
e
.
Th
e
b
e
s
t
ou
t
com
e
w
i
l
l
a
lwa
y
s
b
e
a
comb
ina
t
ion
o
f
d
e
f
end
,
adap
t
and
r
e
t
r
ea
t
.
Th
e
qu
e
s
t
ion
i
s
,
wh
e
r
e
w
e
pu
t
th
e
empha
s
i
s“
(
Pub
l
i
c
Se
c
to
r
N
a
tu
r
a
l
Re
sou
r
ce
s
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
Ad
v
i
so
r
).
6
.2
.4 Me
ch
an
i
sm
s
P
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
c
an
be
a
ch
ie
ved
th
rou
gh
the
t
r
ad
i
t
ion
a
l
s
t
a
tu
to
r
y
app
ro
a
ch
to
l
and
u
se
p
l
ann
in
g
unde
r
the
Re
sou
r
ce
M
an
a
gemen
t
A
c
t
,
o
r
nons
t
a
tu
to
r
y
app
ro
a
che
s
.
M
y
re
su
l
t
s
su
g
ge
s
t
th
a
t
bo
th
s
t
a
tu
to
r
y
and
nons
t
a
tu
to
r
y
app
ro
a
che
s
a
re
v
a
lu
a
b
le
and
nons
t
a
tu
to
r
y
app
ro
a
che
s
c
an
be
a
l
i
t
t
le
mo
re
inno
v
a
t
i
ve
and
in
co
rpo
r
a
te
the
comm
un
i
t
y
in
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
.
S
t
a
tu
to
r
y
l
and
u
se
p
l
ann
in
g
L
and
u
se
p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
t
r
ad
i
t
ion
a
l
l
y
the
m
a
in
me
ch
an
i
sm
fo
r
p
l
ann
in
g
and
i
s
c
a
r
r
ied
ou
t
unde
r
the
RMA
.
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
’
s
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
Spe
c
i
a
l
i
s
t
be
l
ie
ved
th
a
t
the
RMA
and
p
a
r
t
i
cu
l
a
r
l
y
the
N
ZCP
S
p
ro
v
ide
a
sound
re
gu
la
to
r
y
f
r
amewo
r
k
and
e
s
t
ab
l
i
sh
the
me
ch
an
i
sm
s
to
p
l
an
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
su
ch
a
s
e
ro
s
ion
h
a
z
a
rd
zone
s
and
inund
a
t
ion
zone
s
in
d
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
p
l
an
s
.
S
low
on
se
t
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
a
re
m
an
a
ged
th
rou
gh
redu
c
t
ion
howe
ve
r
th
a
t
i
s
p
redom
in
an
t
l
y
a
ch
ie
ved
th
rou
gh
l
and
u
se
p
l
ann
in
g
a
t
re
g
ion
a
l
and
d
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
coun
c
i
l
le
ve
l
.
Thu
s
f
rom
a
C
i
v
i
l
De
fen
ce
and
Eme
r
gen
c
y
pe
r
spe
c
t
i
ve
,
the
mo
st
imp
a
c
t
the
y
wou
ld
h
a
ve
wou
ld
be
b
y
in
f
luen
c
in
g
the
w
r
i
t
in
g
o
f
re
g
ion
a
l
o
r
d
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
p
l
an
s
,
o
r
subm
i
t
t
in
g
on
p
ropo
sed
p
l
an
s
.
In
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
s
low
on
se
t
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
ch
an
ge
,
i
t
i
s
impo
r
t
an
t
th
a
t
the
p
l
ann
in
g
f
r
amewo
r
k
i
s
con
t
inu
a
l
l
y
be
in
g
ad
ju
s
te
d
and
ad
ap
ted
b
a
sed
on
the
be
s
t
a
v
a
i
l
ab
le
s
c
ien
ce
.
Re
g
ion
a
l
Coun
c
i
l
Sen
io
r
P
l
anne
r
,
be
l
ie
ved
th
a
t
th
i
s
mu
s
t
be
a
ch
ie
ved
wh
i
le
t
r
y
in
g
to
keep
the
o
ve
r
a
l
l
re
gu
l
a
to
r
y
bu
rden
a
s
l
i
gh
t
a
s
po
s
s
ib
le
.
He
e
l
abo
r
a
ted
fu
r
the
r
b
y
e
xp
l
a
in
in
g
:
“
E
v
e
r
y
t
im
e
you
g
e
t
a
r
e
sou
r
c
e
con
s
en
t
f
rom
th
e
coun
c
i
l
tha
t
r
e
sou
r
c
e
con
s
en
t
[
shou
ld
]
a
c
tua
l
l
y
[b
e
]
manag
ing
an
e
f
f
e
c
t
.
I
t
’
s
no
t
ju
s
t
r
e
co
rd
ing
tha
t
som
eon
e
i
s
th
e
r
e
,
i
t
’
s
no
t
ju
s
t
a
con
s
en
t
tha
t
i
s
a
rubb
e
r
s
tamp
con
s
en
t…
to
sa
y
tha
t
you
can
go
th
e
r
e
…
[Tha
t
]
do
e
sn
’
t
cu
t
th
e
mu
s
ta
rd
in
t
e
rm
s
o
f
a
ch
i
e
v
ing
th
e
in
t
en
t
o
f
th
e
R
e
sou
r
c
e
Manag
em
en
t
A
c
t
.
You
can
c
e
r
ta
in
l
y
ju
s
t
i
f
y
i
t
,
bu
t
i
t
do
e
sn
’
t
,
in
m
y
h
ead
,
a
ch
i
e
v
e
i
t
.
I
f
th
e
r
e
sou
r
c
e
con
s
en
t
sa
id
tha
t
,
and
th
i
s
i
s
wh
e
r
e
I
th
in
k
th
e
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
i
s
go
ing
,
tha
t
you
n
e
ed
to
en
su
r
e
tha
t
th
e
hou
s
e
i
s
r
e
lo
ca
tab
l
e
,
tha
t
i
f
you
’
r
e
go
ing
to
r
e
lo
ca
t
e
th
e
hou
s
e
,
you
r
e
lo
ca
t
e
i
t
landwa
rd
o
f
wh
e
r
e
i
t
i
s
.
So
I
th
in
k
th
e
y
a
r
e
t
r
y
ing
to
u
s
e
th
e
con
s
en
t
p
ro
c
e
s
s
to
po
in
t
p
eop
le
a
t
th
e
t
im
e
th
e
y
a
r
e
bu
i
ld
ing
,
to
sa
y
o
ka
y
,
w
e
l
l
th
in
k
abou
t
i
t
,
th
e
s
ea
’
s
go
ing
to
r
i
s
e
and
you
m
igh
t
n
e
ed
to
mo
v
e
you
’
r
e
bu
i
ld
ing
som
ewh
e
r
e
e
l
s
e
.
We
don
’
t
wan
t
to
b
e
th
e
bad
gu
y
s
sa
y
ing
,
‘
no,
you
ha
v
e
to
l
ea
v
e
you
r
p
rop
e
r
t
y
’
,
bu
t
a
t
th
e
sam
e
t
im
e
w
e
’
v
e
go
t
to
loo
k
a
f
t
e
r
you
,
som
e
o
f
th
e
wa
y
s
w
e
’
r
e
go
ing
to
loo
k
a
f
t
e
r
you
i
s
b
y
t
e
l
l
ing
you
now
,
you
n
e
ed
to
ha
v
e
a
r
e
lo
ca
tab
l
e
dw
e
l
l
ing
,
you
n
e
ed
to
b
e
ab
l
e
to
r
e
lo
ca
t
e
i
t
awa
y
f
rom
th
e
s
ea,
and
tha
t
s
ta
r
t
s
to
bu
i
ld
fo
r
m
e
a
48
p
i
c
tu
r
e
o
f
wa
y
th
e
con
s
en
t
ing
p
ro
c
e
s
s
i
s
go
ing
to
add
va
lu
e
to
th
e
p
e
r
son
who
i
s
a
c
tua
l
l
y
app
l
y
ing
fo
r
th
e
con
s
en
t”
.
Nons
t
a
tu
to
r
y
,
commun
i
t
y
led
s
t
r
a
te
g
ie
s
Nons
t
a
tu
to
r
y
app
ro
a
che
s
a
re
a
l
so
a
v
a
i
l
ab
le
to
p
l
an
fo
r
,
and
m
an
a
ge
,
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
and
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
,
wh
i
ch
a
re
a
l
so
e
f
fe
c
t
i
ve
too
l
s
.
The
nons
t
a
tu
to
r
y
me
thod
s
a
re
b
a
sed
a
round
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
ion
,
commun
i
t
y
in
vo
l
vemen
t
and
p
ro
v
id
in
g
good
qu
a
l
i
t
y
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
.
The
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
th
a
t
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
(2013
)
re
fe
r
to
c
an
po
s
s
ib
l
y
be
“
r
ega
rd
ed
a
s
a
non
s
ta
tu
to
r
y
,
non
r
egu
la
to
r
y
do
cum
en
t
,
bu
t
i
f
th
e
commun
i
t
y
i
s
in
vo
l
v
ed
in
i
t
s
p
r
epa
ra
t
ion
and
ag
r
e
e
s
to
i
t
s
imp
l
em
en
ta
t
ion
,
i
t
’
s
p
robab
l
y
qu
i
t
e
a
u
s
e
fu
l
th
ing
”
(
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
’
s
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
Spe
c
i
a
l
i
s
t
)
.
The
wo
r
k
the
coun
c
i
l
i
s
do
in
g
a
round
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
,
now
and
w
i
l
l
con
t
inue
to
do
in
the
fu
tu
re
,
i
s
con
ten
t
iou
s
wo
r
k
and
h
i
gh
l
y
emo
t
i
ve
.
A
l
l
in
te
r
v
iewee
s
a
g
reed
the
re
w
i
l
l
be
some
pu
sh
b
a
c
k
f
rom
the
commun
i
t
y
a
s
a
re
su
l
t
o
f
an
y
o
f
th
i
s
wo
r
k
.
K
ap
i
t
i
Co
a
s
t
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
Coun
c
i
l
h
a
s
re
cen
t
l
y
been
th
rou
gh
the
s
ame
d
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
p
l
an
re
v
iew
p
ro
ce
s
s
a
s
the
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
a
re
go
in
g
th
rou
gh
now
.
K
ap
i
t
i
Co
a
s
t
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
Coun
c
i
l
a
l
so
p
l
a
ced
h
a
z
a
rd
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
on
the
L
IM
repo
r
t
s
o
f
vu
lne
r
ab
le
p
rope
r
t
ie
s
.
K
ap
i
t
i
Co
a
s
t
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
Coun
c
i
l
we
re
the
f
i
r
s
t
in
New
Ze
a
l
and
to
t
r
y
th
i
s
app
ro
a
ch
and
the
y
re
ce
i
ved
a
lo
t
o
f
s
c
ru
t
in
y
f
rom
the
pub
l
i
c
.
De
sp
i
te
the
f
a
i
led
a
t
temp
t
in
K
ap
i
t
i
,
the
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
s
t
i
l
l
choo
se
to
u
se
the
s
ame
p
l
ann
in
g
re
spon
se
.
Re
g
ion
a
l
Counc
i
l
Sen
io
r
P
l
anne
r
thou
gh
t
th
a
t
:
“G
i
v
en
th
i
s
i
s
th
e
f
i
r
s
t
t
im
e
[
tha
t
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
ha
s
]
s
ta
r
t
ed
to
ha
v
e…
ha
za
rd
l
in
e
s
in
a
p
lan
tha
t
ta
k
e
s
in
to
a
c
coun
t
c
l
ima
t
e
chang
e
in
a
mu
ch
mo
r
e
d
ynam
i
c
wa
y
than
wha
t
ECan
wa
s
do
ing
in
th
e
pa
s
t
,
I
do
s
e
e
tha
t
th
e
r
e
’
l
l
b
e
som
e
pu
sh
ba
c
k
,
[and
]
th
e
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
and
th
e
R
eg
iona
l
Coun
c
i
l
a
r
e
p
robab
l
y
go
ing
to
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
qu
i
t
e
a
b
i
t
o
f
f
la
c
k
”
(R
eg
iona
l
Coun
c
i
l
S
en
io
r
P
lann
e
r
)
.
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
’
s
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
Spe
c
i
a
l
i
s
t
a
g
reed
th
a
t
t
a
l
k
o
f
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
,
inund
a
t
ion
and
re
t
re
a
t
,
doe
sn
’
t
s
i
t
we
l
l
w
i
th
peop
le
,
bu
t
he
a
l
so
th
in
k
s
th
a
t
nons
t
a
tu
to
r
y
app
ro
a
che
s
th
a
t
sh
a
re
good
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
w
i
th
peop
le
a
r
e
u
se
fu
l
to
o
ve
r
come
th
i
s
.
S
im
i
l
a
r
l
y
,
Re
g
ion
a
l
Coun
c
i
l
Sen
io
r
P
l
anne
r
d
idn
’
t
th
in
k
the
ru
le
s
in
the
p
l
a
n
we
re
the
mo
s
t
impo
r
t
an
t
a
t
th
i
s
po
in
t
in
t
ime
.
He
d
idn
’
t
d
i
s
re
g
a
rd
them
comp
le
te
l
y
,
bu
t
the
ke
y
a
t
the
momen
t
in
h
i
s
m
ind
i
s
ho
ld
in
g
a
d
i
a
lo
gue
w
i
th
the
co
a
s
t
a
l
commun
i
t
ie
s
.
He
be
l
ie
ved
th
a
t
a
s
a
p
l
anne
r
,
i
t
i
s
h
i
s
,
and
the
o
the
r
p
l
anne
r
s’
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
,
ob
l
i
g
a
t
ion
to
te
l
l
peop
le
l
i
v
in
g
in
the
se
co
a
s
t
a
l
commun
i
t
ie
s
,
in
an
un
th
re
a
ten
in
g
w
a
y,
th
a
t
the
i
r
l
and
i
s
sub
je
c
t
to
1m
o
f
ve
r
t
i
c
a
l
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
,
wh
i
ch
re
su
l
t
in
a
ce
r
t
a
in
d
i
s
t
an
ce
o
f
sho
re
l
ine
re
t
re
a
t
.
49
In
vo
l
v
in
g
the
commun
i
t
y
in
th
i
s
p
ro
ce
s
s
w
i
l
l
a
l
so
he
lp
lo
c
a
l
au
tho
r
i
t
ie
s
to
p
l
an
fo
r
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
ie
s
.
Due
to
the
n
a
tu
re
o
f
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
the
p
red
i
c
t
ion
s
and
h
a
z
a
rd
s
m
a
y
ch
an
ge
in
s
c
a
le
and
in
ten
s
i
t
y
.
I
t
i
s
the
re
fo
re
impo
r
t
an
t
th
a
t
the
commun
i
t
y
i
s
en
g
a
ged
be
c
au
se
i
t
show
s
the
commun
i
t
ie
s
th
a
t
the
y
a
re
no
t
ju
s
t
be
in
g
e
v
i
c
ted
,
m
ade
to
le
a
ve
o
r
to
ld
the
y
c
anno
t
bu
i
ld
o
r
de
ve
lop
an
ymo
re
,
bu
t
Re
g
ion
a
l
Coun
c
i
l
Sen
io
r
P
l
anne
r
be
l
ie
ved
,
the
re
w
i
l
l
be
a
le
ve
l
o
f
t
ru
s
t
be
tween
the
pub
l
i
c
bod
ie
s
and
the
commun
i
t
ie
s
,
wh
i
ch
the
y
se
r
ve
,
th
a
t
show
s
the
commun
i
t
y
th
a
t
the
se
pub
l
i
c
bod
ie
s
a
re
t
r
y
in
g
to
do
the
r
i
gh
t
th
in
g
.
He
e
xp
l
a
ined
:
“
Th
e
r
e
’
l
l
b
e
a
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
t
ru
s
t
b
e
tw
e
en
u
s
a
s
pub
l
i
c
bod
i
e
s
and
th
e
commun
i
t
y
tha
t
w
e
s
e
r
v
e
tha
t
sa
y
s
w
e
l
l
th
e
y
’
r
e
t
r
y
ing
to
do
th
e
r
igh
t
th
ing
.
W
e
’
v
e
go
t
to
a
po
in
t
wh
e
r
e
th
e
r
e
’
s
a
p
rob
l
em
,
w
e
ha
v
en
’
t
na
i
l
ed
th
e
so
c
ia
l
impa
c
t
o
f
wha
t
i
t
m
ean
s
to
ta
k
e
awa
y
wha
t
a
t
th
e
mom
en
t
i
s
17000
hou
s
eho
ld
s
’
b
igg
e
s
t
a
s
s
e
t
,
and
th
e
so
c
i
e
ta
l
impa
c
t
s
o
f
tha
t
a
r
e
p
r
e
t
t
y
hug
e
.
So
i
t
’
s
ea
s
y
to
pu
t
a
ru
l
e
in
a
p
lan
tha
t
sa
y
s
no
you
can
’
t
l
i
v
e
h
e
r
e
an
ymo
r
e
,
tha
t
m
igh
t
h
e
lp
som
eon
e
i
f
th
e
y
’
v
e
go
t
som
ewh
e
r
e
e
l
s
e
to
l
i
v
e
,
bu
t
I
don
’
t
b
e
l
i
e
v
e
an
y
ru
l
e
i
s
go
ing
to
ta
k
e
awa
y
som
eon
e
’
s
hom
e
un
l
e
s
s
w
e
can
p
ro
v
id
e
th
em
v
iab
l
e
a
l
t
e
rna
t
i
v
e
op
t
ion
s
to
l
i
v
e
som
ewh
e
r
e
”
(R
eg
iona
l
Coun
c
i
l
S
en
io
r
P
lann
e
r
)
.
Re
g
ion
a
l
Coun
c
i
l
Sen
io
r
P
l
anne
r
and
Sen
io
r
P
l
ann
in
g
A
c
adem
i
c
a
g
reed
th
a
t
be
c
au
se
th
i
s
e
f
fe
c
t
s
lo
c
a
l
commun
i
t
ie
s
,
i
t
i
s
impo
r
t
an
t
th
a
t
the
y
h
a
ve
the
oppo
r
tun
i
t
y
to
subm
i
t
and
be
he
a
rd
,
and
th
a
t
i
s
a
c
ru
c
i
a
l
p
a
r
t
o
f
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
unde
r
the
RMA
.
The
po
s
t
mode
rn
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
ch
o
f
the
RMA
“…a
c
know
l
edg
e
s
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t
va
lu
e
s
y
s
t
em
,
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t
wa
y
s
o
f
s
e
e
ing
th
e
wo
r
ld
,
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t
wa
y
s
o
f
app
roa
ch
ing
i
t
,
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t
v
i
ewpo
in
t
s”
(
Sen
io
r
P
l
ann
in
g
A
c
adem
i
c
)
.
Sen
io
r
P
l
ann
in
g
A
c
adem
i
c
fu
r
the
r
e
xp
l
a
ined
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
unde
r
the
RMA
:
“A
lo
t
o
f
th
e
R
e
sou
r
c
e
Manag
em
en
t
A
c
t
s
y
s
t
em…
i
s
ba
s
ed
on
[po
s
t
mod
e
rn
i
sm]
to
ha
v
e
a
Hab
e
rm
s
ian
id
ea
l
o
f
t
r
y
ing
to
c
r
ea
t
e
a
s
c
lo
s
e
to
an
id
ea
l
s
i
tua
t
ion
a
s
po
s
s
ib
l
e
th
rough
th
e
h
ea
r
ing
s
p
ro
c
e
s
s
e
s
and
th
rough
th
e
subm
i
s
s
ion
s
p
ro
c
e
s
s
e
s
and
so
on
.
So
p
eop
l
e
can…
ma
k
e
subm
i
s
s
ion
s
in
a
lmo
s
t
an
y
fo
rm
th
e
y
wan
t
p
ro
v
id
ed
i
t
’
s
w
r
i
t
t
en
in
i
t
s
o
r
ig
ina
l
fo
rm
.
So
you
g
e
t
p
eop
l
e
who
p
r
e
s
en
t
th
e
i
r
subm
i
s
s
ion
in
th
e
fo
rm
o
f
dan
c
e
,
o
r
po
e
t
r
y
,
o
r
a
r
two
r
k
;
tha
t
’
s
an
a
c
c
ep
tab
l
e
wa
y
o
f
d
ea
l
ing
w
i
th
i
t
.
I
t
’
s
no
t
wha
t
you
’d
e
xp
e
c
t
f
rom
a
t
rad
i
t
iona
l
e
xp
e
r
t
ra
t
ional
p
lann
ing
so
r
t
o
f
app
roa
ch
.
So
p
eop
l
e
a
r
e
ab
l
e
to
p
e
r
fo
rm
th
e
i
r
d
i
s
cou
r
s
e
s
,
p
r
e
t
t
y
mu
ch
,
a
s
th
e
y
wan
t
und
e
r
th
e
po
s
tmode
rn
app
roa
ch
and
tha
t
i
s
don
e
und
e
r
th
e
R
e
sou
r
c
e
Manag
em
en
t
A
c
t
b
e
cau
s
e
th
e
y
s
e
t
ou
t
tho
s
e
va
r
iou
s
fo
rum
s
wh
e
r
eb
y
you
can
a
c
tua
l
l
y
do
tha
t
”
.
Re
g
ion
a
l
Coun
c
i
l
Sen
io
r
P
l
anne
r
a
g
reed
th
a
t
be
c
au
se
th
i
s
i
s
sue
h
a
s
hu
ge
imp
a
c
t
s
on
the
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
commun
i
t
y
,
the
y
h
a
ve
the
oppo
r
tun
i
t
y
to
subm
i
t
on
the
i
s
sue
and
be
he
a
rd
.
In
h
i
s
m
ind
,
i
t
i
s
th
i
s
con
ve
r
s
a
t
ion
be
tween
the
lo
c
a
l
be
a
ch
s
ide
commun
i
t
ie
s
and
the
Coun
c
i
l
th
a
t
i
s
impo
r
t
an
t
,
and
th
a
t
the
y
a
re
t
a
l
k
in
g
abou
t
the
l
i
ke
l
y
imp
a
c
t
s
o
f
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
and
how
the
y
w
i
l
l
ad
ap
t
.
50
Co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
ion
be
tween
v
a
r
iou
s
le
ve
l
s
o
f
go
ve
rnmen
t
and
the
commun
i
t
ie
s
e
f
fe
c
ted
i
s
requ
i
red
fo
r
the
be
s
t
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
ch
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
.
Howe
ve
r
,
in
te
r
v
i
ewee
s
a
g
reed
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
ion
p
re
sen
t
s
i
t
s
ch
a
l
len
ge
s
.
Cen
t
r
a
l
and
lo
c
a
l
go
ve
rnmen
t
a
gen
c
ie
s
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
h
a
ve
been
wo
r
k
in
g
to
ge
the
r
a
lo
t
a
s
a
re
su
l
t
o
f
the
po
s
t
e
a
r
thqu
a
ke
s
i
tu
a
t
ion
.
Re
g
ion
a
l
Coun
c
i
l
Sen
io
r
P
l
anne
r
s
a
id
:
“
A
t
th
e
mom
en
t
,
d
e
sp
i
t
e
wha
t
you
m
igh
t
r
ead
in
th
e
n
ew
spap
e
r
,
b
e
tw
e
en
C
ERA
(
th
e
C
rown
)
,
u
s
(
En
v
i
ronm
en
t
Can
t
e
rbu
r
y
)
and
th
e
C
i
t
y
Counc
i
l
,
th
e
r
e
’
s
a
hug
e
amoun
t
o
f
coop
e
ra
t
ion
and
co
l
labo
ra
t
ion
go
ing
on
to
t
r
y
and
mo
v
e
u
s
fo
rwa
rd
f
rom
th
e
ea
r
thqua
k
e
,
tha
t
i
f
tha
t
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
coop
e
ra
t
ion
con
t
inu
e
s
in
to
th
e
fu
tu
r
e
,
I
th
in
k
tha
t
th
e
Coun
c
i
l
s
and
Go
v
e
rnm
en
t
w
i
l
l
g
e
t
on
r
ea
l
l
y
w
e
l
l
and
d
r
i
v
e
a
r
ea
l
l
y
good
so
lu
t
ion
.
I
f
w
e
end
up
go
ing
ba
c
k
to
th
e
s
i
tua
t
ion
wh
e
r
e
th
e
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
and
i
t
s
po
l
i
t
i
c
ian
s
,
w
e
r
e
a
rgu
ing
i
r
ra
t
iona
l
l
y
,
in
m
y
v
i
ew
,
w
i
th
th
e
E
Can
po
l
i
t
ian
s
,
who
w
e
r
e
a
l
so
a
rgu
ing
i
r
ra
t
iona
l
l
y
w
i
th
c
en
t
ra
l
go
v
e
rnm
en
t
and
no
on
e
wa
s
a
ch
i
e
v
ing
an
y
th
ing
”
.
Ano
the
r
ch
a
l
len
ge
o
f
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
ion
i
s
en
g
a
g
in
g
w
i
th
the
commun
i
t
y
and
p
ro
v
id
in
g
good
qu
a
l
i
t
y
,
u
se
fu
l
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
.
A
p
l
anne
r
a
c
know
led
ged
th
a
t
you
c
an
pu
t
a
l
l
the
f
a
c
t
s
in
f
ron
t
o
f
peop
le
bu
t
you
c
anno
t
a
lw
a
y
s
a
f
fe
c
t
peop
le
’
s
de
c
i
s
ion
s
;
you
a
re
a
lw
a
y
s
up
a
g
a
in
s
t
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
aw
a
rene
s
s
.
Edu
c
a
t
ion
i
s
a
l
so
no
t
ju
s
t
a
one
o
f
f
th
in
g
.
The
commun
i
t
y
a
lw
a
y
s
need
s
to
be
re
edu
c
a
ted
and
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
a
lw
a
y
s
need
s
to
be
re
p
re
sen
ted
in
new
w
a
y
s
.
Commun
i
t
y
le
ad
o
r
go
ve
rnmen
t
in
te
r
ven
t
ion
?
P
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
s
low
on
se
t
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
,
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
and
the
po
s
s
ib
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
re
t
re
a
t,
i
s
comp
le
x
and
con
te
s
ted
.
So
who
de
c
ide
s
on
a
so
lu
t
ion
and
when
to
imp
lemen
t
i
t
?
Shou
ld
the
go
ve
rnmen
t
in
te
r
vene
?
I
s
i
t
up
to
coun
c
i
l
s
a
s
the
e
le
c
ted
lo
c
a
l
au
tho
r
i
t
y
to
de
v
i
se
a
so
lu
t
ion
,
o
r
shou
ld
i
t
come
f
rom
the
commun
i
t
y
?
The
se
a
re
a
l
l
que
s
t
ion
s
th
a
t
p
l
ann
in
g
p
ro
fe
s
s
ion
a
l
s
a
re
g
r
app
l
in
g
w
i
th
.
A
l
thou
gh
,
m
y
re
su
l
t
s
showed
th
a
t
the
re
seem
s
to
be
con
sen
su
s
th
a
t
the
cu
r
ren
t
re
gu
l
a
to
r
y
f
r
amewo
r
k
i
s
wo
r
k
ab
le
and
the
re
fo
re
coun
c
i
l
s
shou
ld
be
ab
le
to
p
l
an
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
,
w
i
th
inpu
t
f
rom
the
commun
i
t
y
,
w
i
thou
t
the
go
ve
rnmen
t
in
te
r
ven
in
g
.
The
RMA
and
N
ZCP
S
2010
a
l
re
ad
y
p
ro
v
ide
a
fe
a
s
ib
le
f
r
amewo
r
k
fo
r
p
l
ann
i
n
g
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
in
the
op
in
ion
o
f
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
’
s
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
Spe
c
i
a
l
i
s
t
.
He
s
a
id
:
“
Th
e
r
egu
la
to
r
y
f
ram
ewo
r
k
i
s
a
c
tua
l
l
y
no
t
tha
t
bad
,
th
e
RMA
and
th
e
N
ZCP
S
and
cou
r
t
d
e
c
i
s
ion
s
ha
v
e
a
l
r
ead
y
sa
id
tha
t
coa
s
ta
l
ha
za
rd
s
,
inunda
t
ion
and
e
ro
s
ion
,
o
v
e
r
a
100
y
ea
r
p
lann
ing
ho
r
i
zon,
a
r
e
a
r
ea
l
fundam
en
ta
l
th
ing
fo
r
N
ew
Z
ea
land
,
so
I
th
in
k
i
t
’
s
no
t
r
ea
l
l
y
tha
t
b
ro
k
e
in
t
e
rm
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
t
em
s
tha
t
a
r
e
th
e
r
e”
.
The
N
ZCP
S
2010
p
ro
v
ide
s
qu
i
te
c
le
a
r
d
i
re
c
t
ion
f
rom
cen
t
r
a
l
go
ve
rnmen
t
be
c
au
se
coun
c
i
l
s
“
b
lam
ed
c
en
t
ra
l
go
v
e
rnm
en
t
fo
r
no
t
g
i
v
ing
th
em
c
l
ea
r
d
i
r
e
c
t
ion
[
in
th
e
p
r
e
v
iou
s
N
ZCP
S
]
and
sa
id
i
f
yo
u
’d
g
i
v
en
u
s
c
l
ea
r
d
i
r
e
c
t
ion
w
e
’d
ha
v
e
known
wha
t
to
do
and
go
t
on
w
i
th
i
t…
T
h
e
o
th
e
r
a
sp
e
c
t
to
i
t
i
s
tha
t
w
i
thou
t
c
l
ea
r
d
i
r
e
c
t
ion
sa
y
ing
you
mu
s
t
g
i
v
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
to
th
e
s
e
pa
r
t
i
cu
la
r
th
ing
s,
th
en
th
e
coun
c
i
l
s
don
’
t
51
p
r
io
r
i
t
i
se
th
e
i
r
budg
e
t
”
(
Sen
io
r
P
l
ann
in
g
A
c
adem
i
c
)
.
The
cu
r
ren
t
le
ve
l
o
f
cen
t
r
a
l
go
ve
rnmen
t
gu
id
an
ce
p
ro
v
ided
b
y
the
N
ZCP
S
2010
i
s
su
f
f
i
c
ien
t
and
the
re
i
s
con
sen
su
s
th
a
t
a
p
re
s
c
r
ip
t
i
ve
se
t
o
f
n
a
t
i
on
a
l
s
t
and
a
rd
s
fo
r
m
an
g
in
g
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
wou
ld
no
t
be
f
a
vou
r
ab
le
.
Sen
io
r
P
l
ann
in
g
A
c
adem
i
c
fu
r
the
r
a
r
gued
th
a
t
,
“
na
t
iona
l
s
tanda
rd
s
t
end
to
b
e
s
e
t
mo
r
e
a
t
th
e
low
e
s
t
common
d
enom
ina
to
r
and
th
e
y
a
r
e
l
i
k
e
a
s
l
edg
ehamm
e
r
to
c
ra
c
k
a
nu
t
,
th
e
y
a
r
e
o
f
t
en
no
t
par
t
i
cu
la
r
l
y
am
enab
l
e
to
lo
ca
l
s
i
tua
t
ion
s
”
.
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
’
s
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
Spe
c
i
a
l
i
s
t
added
:
“
I
th
in
k
th
e
dang
e
r
w
i
th
com
ing
up
w
i
th
a
r
ea
l
p
r
e
s
c
r
ip
t
i
v
e
s
e
t
o
f
s
tand
a
rd
s
fo
r
how
you
mu
s
t
manag
e
s
ea
l
e
v
e
l
r
i
s
e
wou
ld
b
e
tha
t
in
ea
ch
ca
s
e
th
e
com
mun
i
t
y
’
s
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t
,
in
t
e
rm
s
o
f
land
u
s
e
,
in
t
e
rm
s
o
f
p
ro
v
i
s
ion
o
f
in
f
ra
s
t
ru
c
tu
r
e
,
in
t
e
rm
s
o
f
how
th
e
i
r
a
c
tua
l
ph
y
s
i
ca
l
co
as
ta
l
p
ro
c
e
s
s
e
s
a
r
e
in
t
e
ra
c
t
ing
w
i
th
on
e
ano
th
e
r
.
So
I
don
’
t
th
in
k
I
wou
ld
ad
vo
ca
t
e
fo
r
a
s
e
t
o
f
gu
id
e
l
in
e
s
tha
t
you
ro
l
l
ou
t
a
l
l
o
v
er
N
ew
Z
ea
land
.
I
th
in
k
i
t
do
e
s
n
e
ed
to
b
e
mo
r
e
o
f
a
s
e
t
t
l
em
en
t
r
i
s
k
ba
s
ed
app
roa
ch
to
wha
t
you
n
e
ed
to
do
”
.
The
N
ZCP
S
2010
p
ro
v
ide
s
gu
id
an
ce
th
a
t
i
s
amen
ab
le
to
lo
c
a
l
s
i
tu
a
t
ion
s
be
c
au
se
i
t
i
s
g
i
ven
e
f
fe
c
t
to
th
rou
gh
lo
c
a
l
and
re
g
ion
a
l
p
l
an
s
.
So
the
p
ro
v
i
s
i
on
s
c
an
be
in
te
rp
re
ted
and
imp
lemen
ted
in
a
w
a
y
th
a
t
i
s
app
rop
r
i
a
te
in
ind
i
v
idu
a
l
re
g
ion
s
.
Whe
re
a
s
a
s
t
r
a
i
gh
t
n
a
t
ion
a
l
s
t
and
a
rd
wou
ld
app
l
y
re
g
a
rd
le
s
s
o
f
the
lo
c
a
l
s
i
tu
a
t
ion
.
Pub
l
i
c
Se
c
to
r
N
a
tur
a
l
Re
sou
r
ce
s
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
Ad
v
i
so
r
a
g
ree
s
th
a
t
the
re
g
ion
s
a
re
d
i
ffe
ren
t
and
the
r
i
s
k
s
a
re
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
and
the
re
fo
re
d
idn
’
t
w
an
t
to
see
s
t
r
i
c
t
s
t
and
a
rd
s
pu
t
in
p
l
a
ce
.
He
a
l
so
ind
i
c
a
ted
th
a
t
ano
the
r
m
a
t
te
r
th
a
t
need
s
to
be
t
a
ken
in
to
con
s
ide
r
a
t
ion
i
s
wh
a
t
the
commun
i
t
y
w
an
t
s
and
wh
a
t
the
y
a
re
w
i
l
l
in
g
to
p
a
y
fo
r
in
the
i
r
r
a
t
e
s
.
Re
g
ion
a
l
Coun
c
i
l
Sen
io
r
P
l
anne
r
a
g
reed
th
a
t
the
so
lu
t
ion
to
m
an
a
g
in
g
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
need
s
to
come
f
rom
the
commun
i
t
y
r
a
the
r
th
an
d
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
o
r
re
g
ion
a
l
au
tho
r
i
t
ie
s
.
He
e
xp
l
a
ined
:
“
M
y
v
i
ew
i
s
tha
t
th
e
an
sw
e
r
ha
s
to
com
e
f
rom
th
e
commun
i
t
y
and
i
t
’
s
ou
r
job
a
s
lo
ca
l
go
v
e
rnm
en
t
to
fa
c
i
l
i
ta
t
e
th
e
d
i
s
cu
s
s
ion
and
th
en
h
e
lp
th
e
commun
i
t
y
to
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
th
e
ou
t
com
e
tha
t
th
e
y
’
r
e
loo
k
ing
fo
r
.
I
f
w
e
impo
s
e
i
t
a
s
lo
ca
l
o
r
c
en
t
ra
l
go
v
e
rnm
en
t
,
i
t
’
ll
b
e
l
i
k
e
th
e
r
ed
zon
e
,
w
i
th
p
eop
l
e
tha
t
a
r
e
no
t
t
e
r
r
ib
l
y
happ
y
w
i
th
th
e
an
swe
r
tha
t
w
e
’
v
e
d
r
eam
t
up
fo
r
th
em
.
I
f
th
e
y
’
v
e
b
e
en
in
vo
l
v
ed
in
th
e
con
v
e
r
sa
t
ion
and
th
e
y
’
v
e
h
e
lp
ed
u
s
to
shap
e
wha
t
e
v
e
r
so
lu
t
ion
g
e
t
s
pu
t
in
to
a
p
lan
,
hop
e
fu
l
l
y
th
e
y
’
l
l
bu
y
in
to
th
a
t
so
lu
t
ion
b
e
cau
s
e
i
t
’
s
th
e
i
r
s
,
no
t
som
e
th
ing
t
ha
t
’
s
impo
s
ed
”
.
6
.3 P
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
the
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
o
f
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
I
t
i
s
c
le
a
r
th
a
t
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
i
s
a
comp
le
x
i
s
sue
be
c
au
se
o
f
the
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
in
vo
l
ved
w
i
th
the
p
red
i
c
t
ion
s
.
To
he
lp
p
l
an
fo
r
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
,
mode
l
l
in
g
and
the
cu
r
ren
t
re
gu
l
a
to
r
y
f
r
amewo
r
k
,
in
c
lud
in
g
the
10
ye
a
r
l
i
fe
t
ime
s
o
f
d
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
p
l
an
s
,
h
a
ve
been
iden
t
i
f
ied
a
s
bene
f
i
c
i
a
l
cu
r
ren
t
too
l
s
o
r
f
r
amewo
r
k
s
.
52
Mode
l
l
in
g
h
a
s
ce
r
t
a
in
l
y
been
re
co
gn
i
sed
a
s
he
lp
fu
l
.
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
Spe
c
i
a
l
i
s
t
e
xp
l
a
ined
h
i
s
v
iew
o
f
the
wo
r
ld
i
s
th
a
t
:
“
S
ea
l
e
v
e
l
r
i
s
e
i
s
a
fa
c
to
r
wh
i
ch
agg
ra
va
t
e
s
o
r
in
f
lu
en
c
e
s
th
e
e
x
t
en
t
to
wh
i
ch
coa
s
ta
l
e
ro
s
ion
o
r
coa
s
ta
l
inunda
t
ion
w
i
l
l
b
e
an
i
s
su
e
,
so
i
t
’
s
no
t
r
ea
l
l
y
a
ha
za
rd
,
bu
t
i
t
’
s
an
in
f
lu
en
c
ing
fa
c
to
r
o
v
e
r…
ha
za
rd
s
.
So
I
th
in
k
i
f
you
do
you
r
mod
el
l
ing
r
igh
t
,
and
you
d
e
v
e
lop
you
r
ru
l
e
s
app
rop
r
ia
t
e
l
y
,
you
can
p
lan
fo
r
s
ea
l
e
v
e
l
r
i
s
e
.
Bu
t
i
t
’
s
ju
s
t
impo
r
tan
t
to
g
e
t
tho
s
e
b
a
s
i
c
p
r
in
c
ip
l
e
s
r
igh
t
a
round
s
ea
l
e
v
e
l
r
i
s
e”
.
Howe
ve
r,
the
re
a
re
l
im
i
t
a
t
ion
s
to
model
l
in
g
.
Re
g
ion
a
l
Coun
c
i
l
Sen
io
r
P
l
anne
r
que
s
t
ioned
,
“
how
ina
c
cu
ra
t
e
a
r
e
ou
r
a
c
tua
l
p
ro
j
e
c
t
ion
s
?
”
He
added
:
“
W
e
m
igh
t
t
e
l
l
som
eon
e
tha
t
in
100
y
ea
r
s
’
t
im
e
you
w
i
l
l
b
e
fa
c
ed
w
i
th
a
m
e
t
e
r
,
bu
t
in
30
y
ea
r
s
’
t
im
e
,
o
r
20
y
ea
r
s
’
t
im
e
f
rom
now
,
w
e
cou
ld
b
e
t
e
l
l
ing
p
eop
l
e
qu
i
t
e
a
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t
s
to
r
y
.
Th
e
s
to
r
y
tha
t
w
e
t
e
l
l
p
eop
l
e
i
s
go
ing
to
e
vo
l
v
e
and
chang
e
o
v
e
r
t
im
e
[bu
t
]
th
e
d
i
r
e
c
t
ion
o
f
t
ra
v
e
l
i
s
on
l
y
on
e
wa
y
;
th
e
s
ea
i
s
go
ing
to
r
i
s
e
mo
r
e
,
ra
th
e
r
than
th
e
s
ea
i
s
go
ing
to
low
e
r
”
.
A
s
we
l
l
a
s
f
ind
in
g
new
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
,
mode
l
l
in
g
and
app
ro
a
che
s
to
mode
l
l
in
g
w
i
l
l
ch
an
ge
and
ad
v
an
ce
.
Bu
t
a
s
Pub
l
i
c
Se
c
to
r
N
a
tu
r
a
l
Re
sou
r
ce
s
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
Ad
v
i
so
r
a
c
know
led
ged,
you
c
anno
t
w
a
i
t
fo
r
the
pe
r
fe
c
t
s
c
ien
ce
;
you
h
a
ve
to
do
some
th
in
g
a
t
some
po
in
t
and
the
re
fo
re
you
h
a
ve
to
s
t
a
r
t
somewhe
re
.
In
h
i
s
op
in
ion
,
the
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
mode
l
l
in
g
and
the
m
app
in
g
in
the
Rep
l
a
cemen
t
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
p
ro
v
ide
a
s
t
a
r
t
in
g
po
in
t
and
a
fo
rum
fo
r
fu
r
the
r
mode
l
l
in
g.
In
te
rm
s
o
f
the
me
ch
an
i
c
s
o
f
how
you
c
an
a
c
tu
a
l
l
y
p
l
an
fo
r
un
ce
r
t
a
in
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
,
in
a
re
gu
l
a
to
r
y
sen
se
,
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
’
s
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
Spe
c
i
a
l
i
s
t
th
in
k
s
th
a
t
the
re
i
s
suppo
r
t
to
do
th
a
t
th
rou
gh
the
re
gu
l
a
to
r
y
f
r
amewo
r
k
p
ro
v
ided
b
y
the
RM
A
and
the
N
ZCP
S
.
He
e
xp
l
a
ined
:
“
I
t
’
s
qu
i
t
e
a
comp
l
e
x
i
s
su
e
s
ea
l
e
v
e
l
r
i
s
e
,
and
how
you
r
egu
la
t
e
a
round
i
t
.
Bu
t
m
y
v
i
ew
i
s
f
i
rm
l
y
tha
t
th
e
r
e
i
s
suppo
r
t
th
rough
th
e
RMA
and
th
e
N
ZCP
S
and
e
v
en
som
e
o
f
th
e
r
eg
iona
l
plan
s
a
r
e
a
l
r
ead
y
do
ing
i
t
,
and
you
cou
ld
hav
e
a
d
eba
t
e
abou
t
how
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
som
e
o
f
tho
s
e
th
ing
s
a
r
e
,
bu
t
a
t
l
ea
s
t
som
eon
e
i
s
do
ing
som
e
th
ing
”
.
Re
g
ion
a
l
Coun
c
i
l
Sen
io
r
P
l
anne
r
added
th
a
t
the
10
ye
a
r
l
i
fe
t
ime
s
o
f
d
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
p
l
an
s
,
w
i
th
a
re
v
iew
e
ve
r
y
f
i
ve
ye
a
r
s
,
he
lp
s
when
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
.
He
e
xp
l
a
ined
:
“
Th
i
s
d
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
p
lan
tha
t
th
e
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
i
s
do
ing
a
t
th
e
mom
en
t
w
i
l
l
on
l
y
la
s
t
10
y
ea
r
s
and
in
10
y
ea
r
s
th
e
in
fo
rma
t
ion
w
i
l
l
b
e
p
robab
l
y
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t
f
rom
wha
t
w
e
a
r
e
s
e
e
ing
toda
y
.
Wh
en
w
e
com
e
to
r
e
v
i
ew
in
fu
tu
r
e
,
in
s
t
ead
o
f
i
t
b
e
ing…
17000
hou
seho
ld
s
tha
t
m
igh
t
b
e
25000
hou
s
eho
ld
s
,
bu
t
i
f
w
e
’
v
e
b
e
en
ta
l
k
ing
w
i
th
ou
r
commun
i
t
y
o
v
e
r
tha
t
t
im
e
p
e
r
iod
,
and
w
e
’
v
e
b
e
en
ta
l
k
ing
to
th
em
abou
t
how
c
l
ima
t
e
s
c
i
en
c
e
wo
r
k
s
,
o
r
wh
y
i
t
’
s
un
c
e
r
ta
in…
wh
en
w
e
com
e
ba
c
k
and
ha
v
e
ano
th
e
r
con
v
e
r
sa
t
ion
tha
t
ou
r
s
c
i
enc
e
wa
sn
’
t
qu
i
t
e
a
s
a
c
cu
ra
t
e
a
s
w
e
though
t
i
t
wa
s
10
y
ea
r
s
ago
,
th
e
r
e
’
l
l
b
e
a
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
t
ru
s
t
b
e
tw
e
en
u
s
a
s
pub
l
i
c
bod
i
e
s
and
th
e
commun
i
t
y
tha
t
w
e
s
e
r
v
e
,
tha
t
53
sa
y
s
w
e
’
r
e
t
r
y
ing
to
do
th
e
r
igh
t
th
ing
,
and
th
e
y’
r
e
no
t
ju
s
t
t
e
l
l
ing
u
s
tha
t
w
e
can
’
t
bu
i
ld
o
r
r
e
d
e
v
e
lop
o
r
e
xpand
,
and
w
e
ha
v
e
to
l
ea
v
e”
.
Re
g
ion
a
l
Coun
c
i
l
Sen
io
r
P
l
anne
r
hoped
th
a
t
th
i
s
found
a
t
ion
o
f
t
ru
s
t
wou
ld
he
lp
the
commun
i
t
y
to
see
the
coun
c
i
l
s
a
re
t
r
y
in
g
to
do
the
r
i
gh
t
th
in
g
in
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
and
the
y
a
re
no
t
ju
s
t
s
a
y
in
g
peop
le
c
anno
t
de
ve
lop
,
o
r
th
a
t
the
y
a
re
fo
r
ced
to
le
a
ve
,
bu
t
th
a
t
the
y
w
an
t
to
wo
r
k
w
i
th
the
commun
i
t
y
.
Th
i
s
i
s
the
re
fo
re
ano
the
r
re
a
son
in
h
i
s
m
ind
wh
y
i
t
i
s
mo
s
t
impo
r
t
an
t
,
in
the
s
t
a
ge
th
a
t
the
coun
c
i
l
i
s
in
now
,
th
a
t
the
the
y
a
re
h
a
v
in
g
con
ve
r
s
a
t
ion
s
w
i
th
the
commun
i
t
y
A
l
so
,
re
sou
r
ce
con
sen
t
s
,
i
f
u
sed
app
rop
r
i
a
te
l
y
c
an
he
lp
p
l
an
fo
r
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
wh
i
le
keep
in
g
the
re
gu
l
a
to
r
y
bu
rden
a
s
l
i
gh
t
a
s
po
s
s
ib
le
.
A
P
l
anne
r
s
a
id
th
a
t
the
p
roh
ib
i
ted
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
s
t
a
tu
s
i
s
sp
a
r
se
l
y
u
sed
in
the
Rep
l
a
cemen
t
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
and
th
a
t
he
lp
s
w
i
th
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
be
c
au
se
peop
le
c
an
s
t
i
l
l
app
l
y
fo
r
re
sou
r
ce
con
sen
t
s
on
a
c
a
se
b
y
c
a
se
b
a
s
i
s
,
so
e
ve
r
yone
h
a
s
the
oppo
r
tun
i
t
y
to
do
some
th
in
g
on
the
i
r
l
and
un
le
s
s
the
r
i
s
k
s
a
re
ab
so
lu
te
l
y
ce
r
t
a
in
.
P
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
doe
sn
’
t
come
w
i
thou
t
i
t
s
ch
a
l
len
ge
s
.
A
s
we
l
l
a
s
the
ch
a
l
len
ge
p
re
sen
ted
b
y
s
c
ien
ce
,
p
red
i
c
t
ion
s
and
the
l
im
i
t
a
t
ion
s
o
f
mode
l
s
,
the
re
i
s
a
l
so
the
ch
a
l
len
ge
o
f
in
te
rp
re
t
a
t
ion
.
D
i
f
fe
ren
t
wo
r
ld
v
iew
s
in
so
c
ie
t
y
me
an
s
th
a
t
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
me
an
s
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
th
in
g
s
to
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
peop
le
.
Pub
l
i
c
Se
c
to
r
N
a
tu
r
a
l
Re
sou
r
ce
s
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
Ad
v
i
so
r
a
l
so
men
t
ioned
the
a
s
we
l
l
a
s
h
a
v
in
g
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
in
te
rp
re
t
a
t
ion
s
,
peop
le
a
l
so
h
a
ve
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
pe
r
cep
t
ion
s
o
f
the
r
i
s
k
s
th
a
t
i
t
w
i
l
l
c
au
se
and
how
“
S
c
i
en
c
e
i
s
som
e
t
im
e
s
a
s
mu
ch
an
a
r
t
a
s
i
t
i
s
a
s
c
i
en
c
e”
(
Pub
l
i
c
to
le
r
ab
le
tho
se
r
i
s
k
s
a
re
.
He
s
a
id
,
Se
c
to
r
N
a
tu
r
a
l
Re
sou
r
ce
s
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
Ad
v
i
so
r
)
.
The
re
fo
re
how
you
p
re
sen
t
th
i
s
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
to
the
commun
i
t
y
and
e
xp
l
a
in
i
t
s
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
i
s
a
m
a
jo
r
ch
a
l
len
ge
.
6
.4 Summ
a
r
y
o
f
ke
y
re
se
a
r
ch
f
ind
in
g
s
M
y
re
su
l
t
s
le
ad
u
s
to
be
l
ie
ve
th
a
t
the
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
i
s
con
s
ide
r
in
g
the
imp
a
c
t
s
o
f
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
and
how
the
y
w
i
l
l
p
l
an
fo
r
th
a
t
,
a
l
thou
gh
no
d
r
a
s
t
i
c
me
a
su
re
s
,
su
ch
a
s
m
an
a
ge
re
t
re
a
t
,
h
a
ve
been
pu
t
in
p
l
a
ce
ju
s
t
ye
t
in
re
spon
se
to
the
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
repo
r
t
s
.
The
p
ropo
sed
p
l
ann
in
g
p
ro
v
i
s
ion
s
fo
r
h
a
z
a
rd
s
,
and
p
a
r
t
i
cu
l
a
r
l
y
tho
se
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
indu
ced
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
,
h
a
ve
been
s
i
gn
i
f
i
c
an
t
l
y
ad
v
an
ced
in
the
Repl
a
cemen
t
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
f
r
om
the
p
re
v
iou
s
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
.
Th
i
s
show
s
the
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
i
s
con
ce
rned
and
a
re
fo
rw
a
rd
thin
k
in
g
and
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
fu
tu
re
un
ce
r
t
a
in
ch
an
ge
.
The
po
l
i
c
ie
s
in
the
Rep
l
a
cemen
t
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
fo
r
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
a
re
qu
i
te
p
re
s
c
r
ip
t
i
ve,
u
s
in
g
wo
rd
s
su
ch
a
s
“
a
vo
id
”
,
fo
r
new
subd
i
v
i
s
ion
in
h
i
gh
r
i
s
k
a
re
a
s
,
and
“
con
t
ro
l
”
l
and
u
se
.
The
app
ro
a
ch
i
s
a
l
so
to
m
ap
,
o
r
zone
l
and
,
b
a
sed
on
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
,
and
m
a
ke
ru
le
s
spe
c
i
f
i
c
to
the
se
zone
s
.
M
y
re
su
l
t
s
su
g
ge
s
t
th
a
t
ri
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
i
s
p
redom
in
an
t
l
y
be
in
g
m
an
a
ged
th
rou
gh
l
and
u
se
.
54
M
y
re
su
l
ts
imp
l
y
th
a
t
the
m
an
a
gemen
t
re
spon
se
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
w
i
l
l
no
t
be
a
b
l
an
ke
t
p
ro
te
c
t
ion
app
ro
a
ch
fo
r
a
l
l
co
a
s
t
a
l
a
re
a
s
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
.
Re
t
re
a
t
a
l
so
h
a
s
ve
r
y
l
i
t
t
le
suppo
r
t
be
c
au
se
o
f
i
t
s
h
i
gh
emo
t
i
ve
n
a
tu
re
and
the
le
g
a
l
ch
a
l
len
ge
s
i
t
f
a
ce
s
.
I
t
i
s
no
t
ye
t
c
le
a
r
the
e
x
a
c
t
me
thod
the
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
w
i
l
l
t
a
ke
to
p
l
an
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
ap
a
r
t
f
rom
u
s
in
g
l
and
u
se
con
t
ro
l
s
to
redu
ce
r
i
s
k
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
the
in
te
r
v
iewee
s
wo
r
k
in
g
w
i
th
in
the
h
a
z
a
rd
sp
a
ce
ad
vo
c
a
te
fo
r
an
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
o
ve
r
the
lon
g
te
rm
,
whe
re
the
re
c
an
be
an
e
lemen
t
o
f
‘
w
a
i
t
and
see’
and
m
a
ke
in
c
remen
t
a
l
ch
an
ge
s
a
s
the
s
i
tu
a
t
ion
ch
an
ge
s
.
W
i
th
no
m
a
jo
r
c
a
l
l
s
fo
r
Go
ve
rnmen
t
in
te
r
ven
t
ion
f
rom
the
in
te
r
v
iewee
s
,
to
he
lp
lo
c
a
l
au
tho
r
i
t
ie
s
de
a
l
w
i
th
the
i
s
sue
,
i
t
seem
s
the
re
gu
l
a
to
r
y
f
r
amewo
r
k
i
s
wo
r
k
ab
le.
M
y
re
su
l
t
s
wou
ld
su
g
ge
s
t
th
a
t
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
ch
an
ge
c
an
be
done
e
f
fe
c
t
i
ve
l
y
w
i
th
in
the
cu
r
ren
t
le
g
i
s
l
a
t
ion
,
p
a
r
t
i
cu
l
a
r
l
y
unde
r
the
New
Ze
a
l
and
Co
s
t
a
l
Po
l
i
c
y
S
t
a
temen
t
2010
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
.
M
y
re
su
l
t
s
a
l
so
ind
i
c
a
te
th
a
t
p
r
a
c
t
i
t
ione
r
s
be
l
ie
ve
the
be
s
t
p
l
ann
in
g
appro
a
ch
fo
r
de
a
l
in
g
w
i
th
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
i
s
one
th
a
t
c
an
ch
an
ge
w
i
th
the
en
v
i
ronmen
t
and
in
co
rpo
r
a
te
s
the
commun
i
t
y
in
de
c
i
s
ion
m
a
k
in
g
.
55
Ch
ap
te
r
7
D
i
s
cu
s
s
ion
7
.1 In
t
rodu
c
t
ion
The
pu
rpo
se
o
f
th
i
s
d
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion
w
a
s
to
in
ve
s
t
i
g
a
te
p
l
ann
in
g
re
spon
se
to
s
low
on
se
t
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
,
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
u
s
in
g
the
e
x
amp
le
o
f
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
.
To
add
re
s
s
th
i
s
a
im
,
the
fo
l
low
in
g
ob
je
c
t
i
ve
s
we
re
se
t
to
gu
ide
the
re
se
a
r
ch
p
ro
ce
s
s
:
• How
i
s
the
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
s
low
on
se
t
ch
an
ge
?
Wh
a
t
doe
s
th
a
t
s
a
y
abou
t
how
p
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
y
cope
s
w
i
th
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
in
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
?
• Wh
a
t
i
s
the
ro
le
o
f
the
pub
l
i
c
in
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
s
low
on
se
t
ch
an
ge
s
?
Th
i
s
ch
ap
te
r
in
te
rp
re
t
s
and
d
i
s
cu
s
se
s
the
re
su
l
t
s
o
f
th
i
s
re
se
a
r
ch
and
comp
a
re
s
the
se
f
ind
in
g
s
to
the
e
x
i
s
t
in
g
bod
y
o
f
l
i
te
r
a
tu
re
.
The
common
theme
s
th
a
t
h
a
ve
been
iden
t
i
f
ied
b
y
in
te
g
r
a
t
in
g
the
l
i
te
r
a
r
y
f
ind
in
g
s
and
the
re
se
a
r
ch
re
su
l
t
s
a
re
cen
te
red
on
p
l
ann
in
g
’
s
ab
i
l
i
t
y
in
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
and
theo
r
y
,
to
cope
w
i
th
ch
an
ge
,
and
the
ro
le
o
f
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
in
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
ty
.
The
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
app
ro
a
ch
th
a
t
h
a
s
been
t
a
ken
b
y
the
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
,
and
su
g
ge
s
ted
b
y
o
the
r
p
ro
fe
s
s
ion
a
l
s
,
in
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
te
l
l
s
u
s
a
lo
t
abou
t
how
p
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
y
c
an
be
pu
t
in
to
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
,
how
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
p
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
ie
s
and
app
ro
a
che
s
a
re
ab
le
to
cope
w
i
th
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
ie
s
,
and
the
ro
le
o
f
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
in
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
ch
an
ge
.
7
.2 A
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
ch
fo
r
ch
an
ge
P
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
y
h
a
s
s
t
ru
g
g
led
to
f
ind
one
a
l
len
comp
a
s
s
in
g
theo
r
y
,
and
to
con
f
ine
i
t
to
su
ch
,
wou
ld
be
tre
a
che
rou
s
a
c
co
rd
in
g
to
B
rown
&
She
r
r
a
rd
(
1951
)
.
C
ampbe
l
l
&
F
a
in
s
te
in
(2003
)
c
a
l
led
p
l
ann
in
g
“
an
e
lu
s
i
ve
sub
je
c
t
o
f
s
tud
y
”
(p
.
1
)
th
a
t
doe
s
no
t
h
a
ve
a
s
in
g
le
de
f
in
in
g
p
a
r
ad
i
gm
and
i
s
in
f
luen
ced
b
y
m
an
y
d
i
ve
r
se
d
i
s
c
ip
l
ine
s
.
A
le
x
ande
r
(1997
)
a
r
gued
,
th
i
s
in
f
a
c
t
m
a
y
a
l
low
p
l
anne
r
s
to
p
i
c
k
and
choo
se
theo
r
ie
s
to
the
i
r
ad
v
an
t
a
ge
.
Th
i
s
ab
i
l
i
t
y
to
choo
se
f
rom
a
d
i
ve
r
se
r
an
ge
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
ie
s
,
in
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
,
m
a
y
be
bene
f
i
c
i
a
l
fo
r
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
and
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
p
l
ann
in
g
in
New
Ze
a
l
and
be
c
au
se
p
l
anne
r
s
a
re
ab
le
to
,
w
i
th
in
the
bound
a
r
ie
s
o
f
le
g
i
s
l
a
t
ion
,
u
se
an
app
ro
a
ch
th
a
t
su
i
t
s
the
i
r
lo
c
a
l
i
t
y
.
I
t
s
d
i
ve
r
s
i
t
y
and
f
le
x
ib
i
l
i
t
y
m
a
y
a
l
low
p
l
ann
in
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
to
cope
be
t
te
r
w
i
th
the
ch
an
g
in
g
wo
r
ld
.
56
In
add
i
t
ion
,
p
l
ann
in
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
doe
s
no
t
h
a
ve
to
h
a
ve
a
s
in
g
le
a
pp
ro
a
ch;
m
an
y
app
ro
a
che
s
m
a
y
be
in
co
rpo
r
a
ted
in
to
a
p
l
ann
in
g
re
g
ime
s
imu
l
t
aneou
s
l
y
.
P
l
ann
in
g
i
s
no
t
r
i
g
id
and
lo
c
a
l
go
ve
rnmen
t
s
a
re
no
t
requ
r
ied
to
choo
se
a
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
ch
and
s
t
i
c
k
w
i
th
i
t
.
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
,
a
l
thou
gh
the
re
a
re
s
t
ron
g
e
lemen
t
s
o
f
r
a
t
ion
a
l
pl
ann
in
g
,
i
s
u
s
in
g
a
r
an
ge
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
che
s
.
T
ab
le
1
,
wh
i
ch
p
ro
v
ided
a
summ
a
r
y
o
f
how
e
a
ch
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
ch
a
c
know
led
ge
s
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
,
h
a
s
been
re
v
iewed
in
l
i
gh
t
o
f
m
y
re
su
l
t
s
,
and
h
a
s
been
repo
lu
t
a
ted
to
in
c
lude
e
x
amp
le
s
f
rom
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
and
c
re
a
te
t
ab
le
2
.
T
ab
le
2
the
re
fo
re
i
l
lu
s
t
r
a
te
s
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
ch
an
ge
in
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
.
T
ab
le
2:
P
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
che
s
and
the
i
r
pe
r
cep
t
ion
o
f
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
a
s
e
xemp
l
i
f
ied
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
.
P
l
ann
in
g
App
ro
a
ch
Mode
rn
i
s
t
p
l
ann
in
g
/
R
a
t
ion
a
l
Comp
rehen
s
i
ve
Mode
l
/
B
luep
r
in
t
p
l
ann
in
g
/
m
a
s
te
r
p
l
ann
in
g
S
t
r
a
te
g
i
c
p
l
ann
in
g
S
y
s
tem
s
P
l
ann
in
g
Pe
r
cep
t
ion
o
f
ch
an
ge
and
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
e
x
amp
le
s
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
s
te
a
r
thqu
a
ke
re
co
ve
r
y
•De
s
i
re
to
r
a
t
ion
a
l
l
y
o
rde
r
,
and
•Po
b
luep
r
in
t
p
l
an
t
i
t
led
c
re
a
te
and
con
t
ro
l
the
‘Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
Cen
t
r
a
l
ch
an
g
in
g
ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
Re
co
ve
r
y
P
l
an
’
.
Th
i
s
a
imed
to
en
v
i
ronmen
t
to
be
be
t
te
r
fo
r
de
f
ine
the
fo
rm
o
f
the
c
i
t
y
hum
an
s
and
se
t
lo
c
a
t
ion
s
fo
r
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
ie
s
•A
l
l
cou
r
se
s
o
f
a
c
t
ion
a
re
(Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
Cen
t
r
a
l
iden
t
i
f
ied
and
e
v
a
lu
a
ted
D
e
v
e
l
o
pm
e
n
t
U
n
i
t
,
2
0
12
).
a
g
a
in
s
t
a
l
l
re
le
v
an
t
end
s
to
•H
a
z
a
rd
zone
s
in
the
P
ropo
sed
a
vo
id
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
ie
s
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
Rep
l
a
cemen
t
•Mod
i
f
i
c
a
t
ion
o
f
a
p
l
an
du
r
in
g
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
and
the
d
r
aw
in
g
imp
lemen
t
a
t
ion
no
t
o
f
l
ine
s
on
m
ap
s
to
ind
i
c
a
te
an
t
i
c
ip
a
ted
the
e
x
ten
t
o
f
inund
a
t
ion
.
•P
l
ann
in
g
’
s
ro
le
i
s
to
a
c
t
a
s
a
•P
re
s
c
r
ip
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
(
zon
in
g
,
‘
loo
kou
t
’
.
Fu
tu
re
i
s
no
t
f
i
xed
;
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
ie
s
b
a
sed
p
l
ann
in
g
and
the
re
a
re
m
an
y
po
s
s
ib
le
the
u
se
o
f
wo
rd
s
su
ch
a
s
fu
tu
re
s
th
a
t
cou
ld
be
‘
a
vo
id
’
)
con
s
t
ru
c
t
the
de
s
i
red
con
s
t
ru
c
ted
.
fu
tu
re
•Re
co
gn
i
se
s
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
•Re
co
gn
i
t
ion
th
a
t
the
wo
r
ld
i
s
•U
s
in
g
feedb
a
c
k
loop
s
comp
le
x
and
i
t
h
a
s
lo
t
s
o
f
Requ
i
remen
t
to
mon
i
to
r
and
in
te
r
conne
c
ted
p
a
r
t
s
.
re
v
iew
a
c
cep
t
ab
le
le
ve
l
s
o
f
r
i
s
k
unde
r
the
C
i
v
i
l
De
fen
ce
•A
c
know
led
ge
s
th
a
t
ch
an
ge
and
Eme
r
gen
c
y
M
an
a
gemen
t
c
anno
t
be
p
red
i
c
ted
w
i
th
A
c
t
2002.
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
.
•P
l
an
s
shou
ld
no
t
be
s
t
a
t
i
c
do
cumen
t
s
bu
t
shou
ld
be
d
yn
am
i
c
and
f
le
x
ib
le
l
i
ke
the
en
v
i
ronmen
t
the
y
a
re
p
l
ann
in
g
57
In
c
remen
t
a
l
i
sm
•A
c
knowled
ge
s
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
and
th
a
t
ch
an
ge
m
a
y
o
c
cu
r
.
•Sm
a
l
l
ch
an
ge
s
m
a
y
be
m
ade
to
imp
lemen
t
a
t
ion
o
f
a
p
l
an
P
ro
ce
s
s
Mode
l
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
•Fo
cu
s
i
s
on
the
p
ro
ce
s
s
b
y
wh
i
ch
p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
done
,
r
a
the
r
th
an
the
ou
t
come
and
the
re
fo
re
p
l
an
s
c
an
ch
an
ge
i
f
new
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
i
s
re
ce
i
ved
•P
l
ann
in
g
i
s
an
in
te
r
a
c
t
i
ve
and
in
te
rp
re
t
i
ve
p
ro
ce
s
s
whe
re
you
wo
r
k
ou
t
how
to
re
spond
to
ch
an
ge
to
ge
the
r
•A
c
know
led
ge
s
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
th
rou
gh
a
c
know
led
g
in
g
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
op
in
ion
s
Co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
/
Commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
•The
re
commended
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
fo
r
m
an
a
g
in
g
the
e
f
fe
c
t
s
o
f
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
h
a
s
a
s
t
a
ged
imp
lemen
t
a
t
ion
p
ro
ce
s
s
whe
re
the
ne
x
t
le
ve
l
o
f
the
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
w
i
l
l
be
imp
lemen
ted
when
mon
i
to
r
in
g
o
r
new
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
i
nd
i
c
a
ted
the
need
to
ad
v
an
ce
.
•The
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
fo
cu
se
s
on
the
p
l
ann
in
g
p
ro
ce
s
s
to
redu
ce
r
i
s
k
r
a
the
r
th
an
iden
t
i
f
y
in
g
a
de
f
ined
ou
t
come
•To
d
a
te
the
app
ro
a
ch
h
a
s
no
t
been
a
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
i
ve
o
r
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
app
ro
a
ch
a
s
de
f
ined
b
y
H
abe
rm
a
s
o
r
He
a
le
y
(1992
)
.
In
te
rm
s
o
f
a
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
,
in
te
r
v
iewee
s
ind
i
c
a
ted
th
a
t
i
t
mu
s
t
come
f
rom
the
commun
i
t
y
howe
ve
r
the
re
i
s
no
e
v
iden
ce
o
f
th
i
s
ju
s
t
ye
t
.
The
mode
rn
i
s
t
p
l
ann
in
g
re
g
ime
,
e
xemp
l
i
f
ied
in
the
r
a
t
ion
a
l
comp
rehen
s
i
ve
mode
l
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
w
a
s
con
ce
rned
w
i
th
the
ab
i
l
i
t
y
to
p
red
i
c
t
and
con
t
ro
l
the
ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
en
v
i
ronmen
t
.
I
t
a
r
gue
d
th
a
t
a
l
l
cou
r
ses
o
f
a
c
t
ion
a
re
iden
t
i
f
ied
and
e
v
a
lu
a
ted
a
g
a
in
s
t
a
l
l
re
le
v
an
t
end
s
so
th
a
t
the
re
w
i
l
l
be
no
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
ie
s
(
F
a
lud
i
,
1973
)
.
Th
i
s
w
a
s
t
yp
i
c
a
l
l
y
a
ch
ie
ved
th
rou
gh
zon
in
g
.
I
t
i
s
in
te
re
s
t
in
g
th
a
t
we
a
re
see
in
g
e
lemen
t
s
o
f
th
i
s
mode
rn
i
s
t
p
l
ann
in
g
re
g
ime
,
and
the
r
a
t
ion
a
l
comp
rehen
s
i
ve
mode
l
p
l
a
y
in
g
ou
t
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
,
in
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
.
The
app
ro
a
ch
o
f
the
P
ropo
sed
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
Rep
l
a
cemen
t
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
i
s
to
m
ap
a
l
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
and
then
con
t
ro
l
l
and
u
se
in
the
se
zone
s
a
c
co
rd
in
g
l
y
.
Zon
in
g
i
s
mo
re
o
f
an
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
ie
s
b
a
sed
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
ch
th
an
the
e
f
fe
c
t
s
b
a
sed
p
l
ann
in
g
in
tended
b
y
the
Re
sou
r
ce
M
an
a
gemen
t
A
c
t
1991.
Zon
in
g
l
and
to
de
te
rm
ine
wh
a
t
ru
le
s
w
i
l
l
be
p
re
s
c
r
ibed
fo
r
th
a
t
a
re
a
,
i
s
r
a
t
ion
a
l
l
y
de
te
rm
in
in
g
wh
a
t
the
de
s
i
red
o
u
t
come
s
a
re
fo
r
th
a
t
a
re
a
w
i
th
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
.
In
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
,
and
in
p
reemp
t
in
g
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
,
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
m
a
y
h
a
ve
t
a
ken
su
ch
an
app
ro
a
ch
so
th
a
t
the
y
a
re
ab
le
to
s
a
y
w
i
th
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
wh
a
t
imp
a
c
t
s
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
ie
s
on
th
a
t
l
and
w
i
l
l
h
a
ve
.
An
en
abl
in
g
,
e
f
fe
c
t
s
b
a
sed
app
ro
a
ch
m
a
y
no
t
h
a
ve
been
su
f
f
i
c
ien
t
be
c
au
se
a
l
thou
gh
the
e
f
fe
c
t
s
m
a
y
no
t
be
ad
ve
r
se
a
t
the
momen
t
,
in
the
fu
tu
re
,
w
i
th
p
red
i
c
ted
ch
an
ge
,
the
y
m
a
y
h
a
ve
qu
i
te
a
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
e
f
fe
c
t
.
In
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
a
re
we
go
in
g
to
se
e
an
in
c
re
a
s
in
g
l
y
p
re
s
c
r
ip
t
i
ve
,
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
ie
s
b
a
sed
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
ch
,
thu
s
a
mo
v
in
g
aw
a
y
f
rom
the
RMA
and
b
a
c
k
tow
a
rd
s
the
app
ro
a
ch
o
f
the
Town
and
Coun
t
r
y
P
l
ann
in
g
A
c
t
1977
?
58
Con
t
ro
l
l
in
g
l
andu
se
i
s
the
m
a
in
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
p
l
ann
in
g
me
ch
an
i
sm
.
R
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
w
i
l
l
no
t
be
a
ch
ie
ved
th
rou
gh
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
ju
s
t
ye
t
.
The
p
re
fe
r
red
app
ro
a
ch
b
y
p
ro
fe
s
s
ion
a
l
s
wo
r
k
in
g
in
r
i
s
k
re
du
c
t
ion
,
i
s
to
con
t
ro
l
l
andu
se
o
ve
r
the
lon
g
te
rm
th
rou
gh
a
s
t
a
ged
imp
lemen
t
a
t
ion
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
me
thod
s
th
a
t
ge
t
mo
re
s
t
r
in
gen
t
a
s
needed
.
Thu
s
a
fo
rm
o
f
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
wou
ld
be
imp
lemen
ted
,
b
y
in
co
rpo
r
a
t
in
g
m
i
xed
app
ro
a
che
s
o
f
p
ro
te
c
t
,
a
c
commod
a
te
and
re
t
re
a
t
a
s
the
i
s
sue
p
ro
g
re
s
se
s
and
th
in
g
s
be
come
mo
re
ce
r
t
a
in
.
An
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
app
ro
a
ch
appe
a
r
s
to
be
mo
re
o
f
a
f
le
x
ib
le
p
l
an
th
a
t
i
s
in
p
l
a
ce
bu
t
c
an
be
imp
lemen
ted
when
and
i
f
needed
.
So
i
t
h
a
s
an
e
lemen
t
o
f
‘
w
a
i
t
and
see’
and
m
a
k
in
g
in
c
remen
t
a
l
ch
an
ge
s
o
ve
r
t
ime
.
The
re
w
i
l
l
be
no
d
r
a
s
t
i
c
mo
ve
to
p
reemp
t
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
and
re
t
re
a
t
the
who
le
co
a
s
t
a
l
commun
i
t
y
,
bu
t
i
t
i
s
no
t
i
gno
r
in
g
ch
an
ge
e
i
the
r
.
Unce
r
t
a
in
t
y
i
s
the
re
fo
re
a
c
know
led
ged
.
De
sp
i
te
be
in
g
a
s
t
a
ged
imp
lemen
t
a
t
ion
,
o
r
in
c
remen
t
a
l
ch
an
ge
s
,
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
s
t
i
l
l
h
a
s
e
lemen
t
o
f
r
a
t
ion
a
l
i
t
y
.
I
t
i
s
s
t
i
l
l
a
lon
g
te
rm
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
th
a
t
h
a
s
a
de
s
i
red
ou
t
come
b
y
g
a
the
r
in
g
a
l
l
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
a
t
the
s
t
a
r
t
o
f
the
de
c
i
s
ion
m
a
k
in
g
p
ro
ce
s
s
.
The
mon
i
to
r
in
g
th
rou
ghou
t
the
p
ro
ce
s
s
wou
ld
ju
s
t
de
te
rm
ine
when
to
imp
lemen
t
the
ne
x
t
s
t
a
ge
o
f
the
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
,
i
t
wou
ld
not
ch
a
n
ge
the
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
the
ne
x
t
s
t
a
ge
.
Mon
i
to
r
in
g
a
s
p
a
r
t
o
f
a
feedb
a
c
k
loop
in
a
s
y
s
tem
s
app
ro
a
ch
in
theo
r
y
i
s
a
good
ide
a
.
Bu
t
mon
i
to
r
in
g
and
re
v
iew
in
g
seem
s
to
be
mo
re
s
c
a
r
ce
,
o
r
h
a
rde
r
,
in
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
.
F
a
lud
i
’
s
(1973
)
r
a
t
ion
a
l
,
b
luep
r
in
t
p
l
ann
in
g
,
ope
r
a
te
s
p
ro
g
r
amme
s
th
a
t
wou
ld
a
ch
ie
ve
i
t
s
ob
je
c
t
i
ve
s
w
i
th
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
.
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
’
s
cen
t
r
a
l
c
i
t
y
re
co
ve
r
y
do
cumen
t
i
s
a
b
luep
r
in
t
p
l
an
;
one
th
a
t
a
s
sume
s
i
t
s
ob
je
c
t
i
ve
s
w
i
l
l
be
a
ch
ie
ved
w
i
th
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
.
E
ven
re
co
ve
r
y
p
lann
in
g
a
f
te
r
a
sudden
sho
c
k
i
s
no
t
an
t
i
c
ip
a
t
in
g
fu
tu
re
ch
an
ge
.
Th
i
s
i
s
i
ron
i
c
th
a
t
po
s
t
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
s
t
i
l
l
a
s
sum
in
g
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
in
a
b
luep
r
in
t
p
l
an
.
I
f
a
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
i
s
no
t
p
roo
f
enou
gh
th
a
t
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
c
anno
t
be
a
s
sumed
,
then
wh
a
t
i
s
?
The
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
pl
ann
in
g
en
v
i
ronmen
t
i
s
loo
k
in
g
a
t
sudden
and
s
low
ch
an
ge
,
and
bo
th
need
to
be
in
co
rpo
r
a
ted
.
The
e
a
r
thqu
a
ke
,
a
sudden
sho
c
k
,
h
a
s
t
r
i
g
ge
red
in
ve
s
t
i
g
a
t
ion
s
o
f
the
l
and
s
in
k
in
g
and
r
i
s
in
g
,
and
mode
l
l
in
g
to
be
comp
le
ted
on
the
e
f
fe
c
t
s
o
f
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
.
The
re
fo
re
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
and
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
app
ro
ache
s
mu
s
t
be
in
co
rpo
r
a
ted
and
a
p
ro
ce
s
s
mode
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
m
a
y
be
t
te
r
p
l
an
fo
r
ch
an
ge
.
F
a
lud
i
’
s
(1973
)
p
ro
ce
s
s
mode
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
,
whe
re
,
“p
ro
g
r
amme
s
a
re
ad
ap
ted
du
r
in
g
the
i
r
imp
lem
en
t
a
t
ion
a
s
and
when
in
com
in
g
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
requ
i
re
s
su
ch
ch
an
ge
s
”
(p
.
132
)
,
and
the
fo
cu
s
i
s
on
the
p
ro
ce
s
s
b
y
wh
i
ch
p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
done
r
a
the
r
th
an
the
ou
t
come
s
se
t
ou
t
in
a
p
l
an
.
Th
i
s
wou
ld
a
l
so
bu
i
ld
con
sen
su
s
on
the
need
to
,
and
p
ro
ce
s
s
fo
r
ch
an
ge
,
a
s
B
a
rne
t
t
e
t
a
l
.
(2014
)
a
r
gued
.
59
7
.3 Le
ve
l
o
f
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
in
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
ch
an
ge
I
t
h
a
s
been
iden
t
i
f
ied
th
a
t
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
i
s
ke
y
to
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
,
bu
t
a
s
s
hown
in
the
l
i
te
r
a
tu
re
re
v
iew
,
‘p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
’
c
an
t
a
ke
m
an
y
fo
rm
s
.
T
ab
le
1
in
the
l
i
te
r
a
tu
re
re
v
iew
summ
a
r
i
sed
the
ro
le
o
f
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
in
v
a
r
iou
s
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
che
s
.
Th
i
s
t
ab
le
h
a
s
been
re
v
iewed
and
repopu
l
a
ted
to
c
re
a
te
t
ab
le
3
,
wh
i
ch
e
xemp
l
i
f
i
e
s
the
le
ve
l
o
f
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
che
s
.
T
ab
le
3:
P
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
che
s
and
the
i
r
le
ve
l
o
f
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
a
s
e
xemp
l
i
f
ied
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
.
P
l
ann
in
g
App
ro
a
ch
Mode
rn
i
s
t
p
l
ann
in
g
/
R
a
t
ion
a
l
Comp
rehen
s
i
ve
Mode
l
/
B
luep
r
in
t
p
l
ann
in
g
/
m
a
s
te
r
p
l
ann
in
g
S
t
r
a
te
g
i
c
p
l
ann
in
g
S
y
s
tem
s
P
l
ann
in
g
In
c
remen
t
a
l
i
sm
Le
ve
l
o
f
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
e
x
amp
le
s
and
app
l
i
c
a
t
ion
•No
s
cope
fo
r
pub
l
i
c
inpu
t
•Coun
c
i
l
t
r
ied
to
d
r
aw
h
a
z
a
rd
l
ine
s
on
p
l
ann
in
g
m
ap
s
•P
l
anne
r
s
we
re
the
e
xpe
r
t
s
w
i
thou
t
con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
b
a
sed
who
h
ad
a
l
l
the
p
r
io
r
o
n
e
x
p
e
r
t
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
s
know
led
ge
to
m
a
ke
de
c
i
s
ion
s
to
c
re
a
te
the
ide
a
l
c
i
t
y
•A
l
i
gned
w
i
th
the
bo
t
tom
run
g
s
o
f
A
rn
s
te
in
’
s
l
adde
r
–
the
r
ap
y
and
m
an
ipu
l
a
t
ion
(
L
ane
,
2005
)
•P
l
anne
rled
con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
a
t
•I
t
i
s
a
s
sumed
th
i
s
i
s
whe
re
the
s
t
a
ge
s
de
c
ided
a
t
the
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
i
s
be
g
inn
in
g
o
f
the
p
ro
ce
s
s
i
f
he
ad
in
g
w
i
th
the
de
s
i
red
re
commended
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
.
U
s
i
n
g
c
o
n
s
u
l
t
a
t
i
o
n
•De
g
ree
o
f
to
ken
i
sm
(
L
ane
,
to
ge
t
pub
l
i
c
and
s
t
a
keho
lde
r
2005
)
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
.
•P
l
anne
rled
con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
•Howe
ve
r
,
con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
con
s
t
r
a
ined
to
commen
t
a
r
y
on
the
go
a
l
s
o
f
the
p
l
ann
in
g
p
ro
je
c
t
•Pub
l
i
c
c
an
on
l
y
fed
in
the
i
r
r
a
t
ion
a
l
i
sed
go
a
l
s
•De
g
ree
o
f
to
ken
i
sm
(
L
ane
,
2005
)
•Be
g
in
to
a
c
know
led
ge
mo
re
th
an
one
ide
a
and
a
w
ide
r
an
ge
o
f
in
te
re
s
t
s
in
p
l
ann
in
g
de
c
i
s
ionm
a
k
in
g
.
•Pub
l
i
c
c
an
on
l
y
fed
in
the
i
r
r
a
t
ion
a
l
i
sed
go
a
l
s
60
P
ro
ce
s
s
Mode
l
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
Co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
/
Commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
•No
t
de
f
ined
bu
t
c
an
be
a
s
•Ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
p
a
thw
a
y
to
bu
i
ld
in
c
lu
s
i
ve
o
f
pub
l
i
c
op
in
ion
a
s
con
sen
su
s
on
the
need
to
,
the
p
ro
ce
s
s
a
l
low
s
.
I
t
i
s
and
p
ro
ce
s
s
fo
r
,
ch
an
ge
a
s
sumed
i
t
w
i
l
l
in
c
lude
pub
l
i
c
inpu
t
be
c
au
se
the
fo
cu
s
i
s
on
the
p
l
ann
in
g
p
ro
ce
s
s
r
a
the
r
th
an
the
ou
t
come
.
•Th
i
s
wou
ld
be
the
ide
a
l
•No
t
a
homo
genou
s
pub
l
i
c
app
ro
a
ch
fo
r
pub
l
i
c
•Engage
s
a
w
ide
r
an
ge
o
f
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
c
ommun
i
t
y
s
t
a
keho
lde
r
in
d
i
a
lo
gue
,
wou
ld
le
ad
the
need
to
p
l
an
a
r
gumen
t
a
t
ion
and
d
i
s
cou
r
se
f
o
r
c
h
a
n
g
e
a
n
d
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
e
a
•Goe
s
be
yond
con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
r
ie
s
o
f
so
lu
t
ion
s
th
a
t
the
y
and
p
l
a
c
a
t
ion
to
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
se
a
ve
de
c
ided
to
ge
the
r
w
i
th
th
a
t
in
vo
l
ve
s
ne
go
t
i
a
t
ion
and
h
l
o
c
a
l
a
u
t
h
o
r
i
t
i
e
s
.
deb
a
te
to
f
ind
the
be
s
t
•We
l
l
in
g
ton
’
s
I
t
’
s
Ou
r
F
au
l
t
so
lu
t
ion
.
p
ro
g
r
amme
•De
g
ree
o
f
c
i
t
i
zen
con
t
ro
l
(
L
ane
,
2005
)
I
t
appe
a
r
s
th
a
t
commun
i
t
y
in
vo
l
vemen
t
in
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
ch
an
ge
wou
ld
be
a
t
a
le
ve
l
o
f
in
fo
rm
in
g
and
con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
.
A
rn
s
te
in
(1969
)
p
l
a
ced
the
se
fo
rm
s
o
f
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
h
a
l
f
w
a
y
up
he
r
l
adde
r
o
f
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
and
l
abe
l
led
them
a
s
‘de
g
ree
s
o
f
to
ken
i
sm
’
.
L
ane
(2005
)
a
l
i
gned
in
c
remen
t
a
l
i
sm
and
s
y
s
tem
s
p
l
ann
in
g
w
i
th
th
i
s
le
ve
l
o
f
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
.
Wh
i
le
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
i
s
re
co
gn
i
sed
,
in
c
remen
t
a
l
and
s
y
s
tem
s
app
ro
a
che
s
to
p
l
ann
in
g
s
t
i
l
l
ho
ld
on
to
the
r
a
t
ion
a
l
de
s
i
re
to
unde
r
s
t
and
the
en
v
i
ronmen
t
and
de
ve
lop
go
a
l
s
and
ou
t
come
s
.
Bo
th
L
ane
(2005
)
and
He
a
le
y
(1992
)
,
a
r
gued
th
a
t
the
pub
l
i
c
cou
ld
on
l
y
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
te
in
the
se
t
ype
s
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
b
y
con
t
r
ibu
t
in
g
the
i
r
r
a
t
ion
a
l
i
sed
go
a
l
s
and
commen
t
in
g
on
t
he
a
l
re
ad
y
de
c
ided
go
a
l
s
and
ou
t
come
s
o
f
a
p
l
an
.
An
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
cou
ld
be
seen
a
s
an
in
c
remen
t
a
l
o
r
s
y
s
tem
s
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
ch
.
When
new
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
abou
t
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
,
new
mode
l
l
in
g,
o
r
feedb
a
c
k
f
rom
the
s
y
s
tem,
i
s
re
ce
i
ved
,
the
ne
x
t
s
tep
o
f
the
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
i
s
imp
lemen
ted
.
A
l
lmend
in
ge
r
(2009
)
a
r
gued
th
a
t
s
y
s
tem
s
p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
d
yn
am
i
c
,
ab
le
to
ad
ap
t
,
sh
i
f
t
and
e
vo
l
ve
,
and
the
re
fo
re
i
t
a
c
know
led
ge
s
en
v
i
ronmen
t
a
l
ch
an
ge
.
Howe
ve
r
,
i
t
ho
ld
s
on
to
the
mode
rn
i
s
t
be
l
ie
f
th
a
t
the
en
v
i
ronmen
t
c
an
be
con
t
ro
l
led
and
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
c
an
be
a
t
t
a
ined
a
s
a
re
su
l
t
.
Th
i
s
i
s
the
re
fo
re
t
rue
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
be
c
au
se
ch
an
ge
i
s
a
c
know
led
ged
in
an
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
howe
ve
r
i
t
i
s
then
a
s
sumed
th
a
t
th
i
s
c
an
be
con
t
ro
l
led
th
rou
gh
imp
lemen
t
a
t
ion
o
f
a
s
t
a
ged
l
and
u
se
p
l
an
.
De
sp
i
te
i
t
be
in
g
iden
t
i
f
ied
th
a
t
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
i
s
ke
y
,
i
t
on
l
y
appe
a
r
s
to
be
to
ken
in
fo
rm
in
g
and
con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
w
i
th
the
commun
i
t
y
to
see
how
the
y
th
in
k
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
cou
ld
be
m
an
a
ged
bu
t
the
commun
i
t
y
doe
s
no
t
appe
a
r
to
be
g
a
in
in
g
an
y
de
c
i
s
ion
m
a
k
i
n
g
powe
r
in
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
.
The
re
fo
re
,
de
sp
i
te
c
a
l
l
in
g
i
t
a
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
i
ve
p
ro
ce
s
s
and
s
a
y
in
g
the
so
lu
t
ion
w
i
l
l
h
a
ve
to
come
f
rom
61
the
commun
i
t
y
,
i
t
doe
s
not
appe
a
r
to
re
a
ch
the
h
i
ghe
s
t
fo
rm
s
o
f
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
th
a
t
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
i
ve
and
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
a
c
tu
a
l
l
y
requ
i
re
.
L
ane
(2005
)
a
r
gued
th
a
t
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
i
ve
and
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
requ
i
red
p
a
r
tne
r
sh
ip
,
de
le
g
a
ted
powe
r
o
r
c
i
t
i
zen
con
t
ro
l
,
no
t
ju
s
t
con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
w
i
th
the
pub
l
i
c
.
Commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
en
g
a
ge
s
a
d
i
ve
r
se
r
an
ge
o
f
s
t
a
keho
ld
e
r
s
in
d
i
a
lo
gue
,
a
r
gumen
t
a
t
ion
and
d
i
s
cou
r
se
,
the
re
fo
re
mo
v
in
g
be
yond
con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
and
p
l
a
c
a
t
ion
,
to
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
in
vo
l
v
in
g
ne
go
t
i
a
t
ion
,
b
a
r
g
a
inin
g
and
deb
a
t
in
g
.
Tewdw
r
Jone
s
and
A
l
lmend
in
ge
r
(1998
)
,
a
r
gued
th
a
t
con
ve
r
t
in
g
H
abe
rm
a
s
’
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
r
a
t
ion
a
l
i
t
y
theo
r
y
in
to
a
wo
r
k
ab
le
p
l
ann
in
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
,
common
l
y
c
a
l
led
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
o
r
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
,
h
a
s
f
a
i
led
.
S
im
i
l
a
r
l
y
,
the
app
ro
a
ch
m
a
y
f
a
l
l
sho
r
t
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch.
G
a
i
l
l
a
rd
&
Me
r
ce
r
(2012
)
a
r
gued
th
a
t
the
re
i
s
a
g
ap
be
tween
lo
c
a
l
and
s
c
ien
ti
f
i
c
know
led
ge
,
and
bo
t
tom
up
and
topdown
a
c
t
ion
s
in
DRR
p
l
ann
in
g
th
a
t
i
s
c
au
s
in
g
an
in
c
re
a
s
in
g
o
c
cu
r
ren
ce
o
f
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
,
de
sp
i
te
the
e
xp
lo
s
ion
o
f
DRR
l
i
te
r
a
tu
re
and
re
se
a
r
ch
.
G
a
i
l
l
a
rd
&
Me
r
ce
r
’
s
(2012
)
ro
adm
ap
fo
r
t
r
an
s
l
a
t
in
g
know
led
ge
in
to
a
c
t
ion
re
l
ie
s
he
a
v
i
l
y
on
in
co
rpo
r
a
t
in
g
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
t
ype
s
o
f
know
led
ge
,
en
g
a
g
in
g
a
r
an
ge
o
f
s
t
a
keho
lde
r
s
,
and
in
te
g
r
a
t
in
g
g
r
a
s
s
roo
t
s
in
i
t
i
a
t
i
ve
s
w
i
th
topdown
in
te
r
ven
t
ion
s
.
The
mo
s
t
c
ru
c
i
a
l
e
lemen
t
fo
r
su
c
ce
s
s
fu
l
imp
lemen
t
a
t
ion
in
the
i
r
op
in
ion
i
s
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
f
rom
a
l
l
e
f
fe
c
ted
s
t
a
keho
lde
r
s
,
bu
t
i
t
i
s
a
l
so
the
h
a
rde
s
t
to
a
ch
ie
ve
e
f
fe
c
t
i
ve
l
y.
In
p
l
ann
in
g
sp
a
ce
fo
r
d
i
a
lo
gue
to
o
c
cu
r
i
s
impo
r
t
an
t
in
o
rd
e
r
to
ge
t
re
su
l
t
s
and
so
the
re
i
s
commun
i
t
y
suppo
r
t
fo
r
a
c
t
ion
to
o
c
cu
r
.
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
p
l
anne
r
s
re
co
gn
i
se
th
i
s
and
the
need
fo
r
i
t
,
bu
t
l
i
ke
Tewdw
r
Jone
s
&
A
l
lmend
in
ge
r
(1998
)
I
am
s
cep
t
i
c
a
l
how
su
c
ce
s
s
fu
l
i
t
w
i
l
l
be
and
whe
the
r
the
i
r
so
c
a
l
led
‘
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
’
w
i
l
l
be
wh
a
t
He
a
le
y
(1992
)
in
tended
.
7
.3
.1 Nons
t
a
t
u
to
r
y
app
ro
a
che
s
no
t
g
i
ven
enou
gh
c
red
i
t
in
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
ch
an
ge
An
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
seem
s
the
mo
s
t
l
i
ke
l
y
,
and
f
a
vou
r
ed
p
l
ann
in
g
re
spon
se
th
a
t
c
an
be
e
xpe
c
ted
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
in
the
fu
tu
re
,
r
a
the
r
th
an
p
ro
te
c
t
ion
o
r
re
t
re
a
t
.
An
ad
ap
t
a
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
wou
ld
mo
s
t
l
i
ke
l
y
be
a
non
s
t
a
tu
to
r
y
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
.
The
cu
r
ren
t
re
gu
l
a
to
r
y
f
r
amewo
r
k
i
s
wo
r
k
ab
le
and
p
ro
v
ide
s
enou
gh
d
i
re
c
t
ion
w
i
th
the
N
ZCP
S
,
so
go
ve
rnmen
t
in
te
r
ven
t
ion
in
the
fo
rm
o
f
p
re
s
c
r
ip
t
i
ve
s
t
and
a
rd
s
i
s
no
t
needed
.
Howe
ve
r
,
i
t
i
s
re
co
gn
i
sed
th
a
t
fo
r
a
non
s
t
a
t
u
to
r
y
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
to
wo
r
k
,
the
commun
i
t
y
need
to
be
in
vo
l
ved
in
i
t
and
bu
y
in
to
i
t
.
Nons
t
a
tu
to
r
y
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
s
t
r
a
te
g
ie
s
,
su
ch
a
s
We
l
l
in
g
ton
’
s
‘
I
t
’
s
Ou
r
F
au
l
t
’
P
ro
je
c
t
,
c
an
be
su
c
ce
s
s
fu
l
.
‘
I
t
’
s
Ou
r
F
au
l
t
’
commun
i
c
a
ted
r
i
s
k
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
to
the
pub
l
i
c
in
su
ch
a
w
a
y
th
a
t
i
t
cou
ld
be
unde
r
s
tood
b
y
the
pub
l
i
c
,
and
then
i
f
the
t
ime
come
s
th
a
t
mo
re
d
r
a
s
t
i
c
p
l
ann
in
g
me
a
su
re
s
a
re
needed
,
peop
le
w
i
l
l
be
in
fo
rmed
,
unde
r
s
t
and,
and
be
onbo
a
rd
w
i
th
an
y
new
e
a
r
thqu
a
ke
p
l
ann
in
g
p
ro
v
i
s
ion
s
be
c
au
se
the
y
w
i
l
l
unde
r
s
t
and
wh
y
.
Th
i
s
i
s
whe
re
p
ro
fe
s
s
ion
a
l
s,
su
ch
a
s
Re
g
ion
a
l
Coun
c
i
l
Sen
io
r
P
l
anne
r
,
th
in
k
s
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
i
s
a
t
in
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
and
the
We
l
l
in
g
ton
e
x
amp
le
p
ro
ve
s
th
a
t
nons
t
a
tu
to
r
y
me
a
su
re
s
c
an
be
su
c
ce
s
s
fu
l
pub
l
i
c
r
i
s
k
commun
i
c
a
t
ion
too
l
s
.
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
ci
l
t
r
ied
to
d
r
aw
a
l
ine
on
a
m
ap
wi
thou
t
con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
,
We
l
l
in
g
ton
on
the
o
the
r
h
and
,
62
de
l
i
ve
red
nons
t
a
tu
to
r
y
con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
and
commun
i
c
a
ted
r
i
s
k
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
be
fo
re
an
y
s
t
a
tu
to
r
y
p
ro
v
i
s
ion
s
.
E
ven
the
t
i
t
le
,
“
I
t
’
s
ou
r
F
au
l
t
”
,
s
i
gn
a
l
s
th
a
t
the
commun
i
t
y
a
re
t
a
k
in
g
owne
r
sh
ip
o
f
r
i
s
k
and
a
re
le
ad
in
g
the
re
spon
se
to
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
.
The
S
t
ren
g
then
in
g
G
r
an
th
am
P
ro
je
c
t
’
s
l
andsw
ap
and
re
lo
c
a
t
ion
s
cheme
a
l
so
demon
s
t
r
a
ted
the
impo
r
t
an
ce
o
f
a
nons
t
a
tu
to
r
y
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
p
ro
ce
s
s
in
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
.
Howe
ve
r
,
de
sp
i
te
be
in
g
commun
i
t
yled
,
the
p
ro
je
c
t
s
t
i
l
l
requ
i
red
supp
o
r
t
f
rom
the
lo
c
a
l
au
tho
r
i
t
y
to
pu
r
ch
a
se
the
l
and
,
and
f
rom
s
t
a
te
go
ve
rnmen
t
to
pu
t
the
re
gu
l
a
to
r
y
requ
i
remen
t
s
in
p
l
a
ce
fo
r
a
f
a
s
t
t
r
a
c
ked
,
po
s
t
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
p
l
ann
in
g
p
ro
ce
s
s
.
Be
c
au
se
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
’
s
i
s
sue
i
s
a
s
low
on
se
t
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
,
i
t
m
a
y
be
po
s
s
ib
le
fo
r
the
n
ons
t
a
tu
to
r
y
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
to
,
i
f
the
r
i
s
k
commun
i
c
a
t
ion
s
t
a
ge
l
i
ke
in
‘
I
t
’
s
Ou
r
F
au
l
t
’
i
s
done
we
l
l
,
be
su
c
ce
s
s
fu
l
on
i
t
s
own
be
c
au
se
the
re
i
s
mo
re
t
ime
.
Nons
t
a
tu
to
r
y
p
l
ann
in
g
s
t
r
a
te
g
ie
s
a
re
o
f
ten
o
ve
r
loo
ked
,
o
r
c
r
i
t
i
c
i
sed
o
f
no
t
ho
ld
in
g
an
y
we
i
gh
t
,
bu
t
a
s
p
a
r
t
o
f
a
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
i
ve
o
r
commun
i
c
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
ch
the
y
c
an
be
ju
s
t
a
s
,
i
f
no
t
mo
re
,
e
f
fe
c
t
i
ve
th
an
s
t
a
tu
to
r
y
p
ro
v
i
s
ion
s
o
r
p
l
an
s
.
7
.4 Con
c
lu
s
ion
R
yd
in
(2011
)
,
s
a
id
th
a
t
p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
no
t
an
in
te
r
ven
t
ion
in
ch
an
ge
,
bu
t
r
a
the
r
p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
p
a
r
t
o
f
ch
an
ge
.
P
l
ann
in
g
c
anno
t
s
top
ch
an
ge
f
rom
o
c
cu
r
r
in
g,
i
t
c
an
on
l
y
de
te
rm
ine
wh
a
t
the
imp
a
c
t
s
o
f
the
ch
an
ge
a
re
on
so
c
ie
t
y
,
the
en
v
i
ronmen
t
,
and
the
e
conom
y
.
P
l
ann
in
g
i
s
the
re
fo
re
a
p
ro
ce
s
s
o
f
“
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
i
ve
l
y
,
and
in
te
r
a
c
t
i
ve
l
y
,
add
re
s
s
in
g
and
wo
r
k
in
g
ou
t
how
to
a
c
t
,
in
re
spe
c
t
o
f
sh
a
red
con
ce
rn
s
abou
t
how
f
a
r
,
and
how
to
,
‘m
an
a
ge
’
en
v
i
ronmen
t
a
l
ch
an
ge
”
(He
a
le
y
,
1992
)
.
The
fo
cu
s
,
when
de
a
l
in
g
w
i
th
unce
r
t
a
in
t
y
,
o
r
when
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
ch
an
ge
,
shou
ld
the
re
fo
re
no
t
be
on
the
de
s
i
red
ou
t
come,
bu
t
r
a
ther
be
on
the
p
ro
ce
s
s
o
f
ge
t
t
in
g
ther
e.
The
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
i
s
t
r
y
in
g
to
fo
cu
s
on
the
p
ro
ce
s
s
in
w
an
t
in
g
to
en
g
a
ge
the
commun
i
t
y
and
t
a
l
k
to
the
a
f
fe
c
t
ed
re
s
iden
t
s
abou
t
the
i
s
sue
and
a
l
so
b
y
keep
in
g
the
P
ropo
sed
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
Rep
l
a
cemen
t
D
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
P
l
an
a
s
en
ab
l
in
g
a
s
po
s
s
ib
le
in
a
l
low
in
g
peop
le
to
app
l
y
fo
r
re
sou
r
ce
con
sen
t
s
.
The
l
i
te
r
a
r
y
a
r
gumen
t
s
in
ch
ap
te
r
2
,
i
l
lu
s
t
r
a
te
d
th
a
t
p
l
ann
in
g
,
a
s
i
t
h
a
s
de
ve
lo
ped
f
rom
the
mode
rn
i
s
t
,
r
a
t
ion
a
l
p
l
ann
in
g
,
to
po
s
tmode
rn
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
che
s
,
h
a
s
de
ve
lopmen
t
mo
re
a
c
know
led
gemen
t
o
f
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
and
an
ab
i
l
i
t
y
to
be
f
le
x
ib
le
to
ch
an
ge
.
Th
i
s
p
ro
g
re
s
s
ion
s
p
a
r
a
l
le
l
s
the
o
rde
r
L
ane
(2005
)
p
l
a
ce
s
the
se
the
o
r
ie
s
in
b
a
sed
on
the
i
r
in
c
re
a
s
in
g
l
e
ve
l
o
f
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
.
So
p
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
y
and
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
h
a
s
p
ro
g
re
s
sed
to
be
mo
re
a
c
cep
t
in
g
ch
an
ge
wh
i
le
a
l
so
be
com
in
g
mo
re
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
to
r
y
.
Th
i
s
wou
ld
the
re
fo
re
su
g
ge
s
t
th
a
t
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
ch
an
ge
shou
ld
in
co
rpo
r
a
te
the
h
i
ghe
s
t
le
ve
l
o
f
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
,
no
t
ju
s
t
to
ken
i
sm.
Thu
s
,
the
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
shou
ld
be
g
i
v
in
g
e
f
fe
c
ted
63
re
s
iden
t
s
mo
re
de
c
i
s
ion
m
a
k
in
g
powe
r
when
i
t
come
s
to
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
,
no
t
ju
s
t
in
fo
rm
in
g
them
and
a
s
k
in
g
fo
r
the
i
r
v
iew
s
in
con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
me
e
t
in
g
s
.
64
Ch
ap
te
r
8
Con
c
lu
s
ion
Th
i
s
d
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion
h
a
s
e
xp
lo
red
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
’
s
p
l
ann
in
g
re
spon
se
to
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
to
an
a
l
y
s
e
wh
a
t
p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
suppo
sed
to
a
ch
ie
ve
and
how
i
t
m
a
y
,
o
r
m
a
y
no
t
,
cope
w
i
th
ch
an
ge
and
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
.
P
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
y
i
s
v
a
s
t
and
the
op
t
ion
s
a
v
a
i
l
ab
le
to
p
r
a
c
t
i
t
i
one
r
s
a
re
a
lmo
s
t
l
im
i
t
le
s
s
.
A
round
2010
,
p
l
ann
in
g
s
aw
an
e
xp
lo
s
ion
o
f
the
re
s
i
l
ien
ce
p
l
ann
in
g
and
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
f
ie
ld
s
wh
i
ch
we
re
t
r
y
in
g
to
fu
r
the
r
unde
r
s
t
and
comp
le
x
i
t
ie
s
and
ch
an
ge
.
Howe
ve
r
,
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
’
s
p
l
ann
in
g
re
spon
se
to
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
show
s
th
a
t
i
t
h
a
s
no
t
re
a
l
l
y
a
ch
ie
ved
mu
ch
fo
r
p
l
ann
in
g
,
and
p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
s
t
i
l
l
in
ch
ao
s
.
I
t
i
s
s
t
i
l
l
the
me
s
s
y
and
con
ten
t
iou
s
f
ie
ld
th
a
t
theo
r
i
s
t
s
and
p
r
a
c
t
i
t
i
one
r
s
h
a
ve
s
t
ru
g
g
led
to
def
ine
fo
r
cen
tu
r
ie
s
.
F
rom
th
i
s
re
se
a
r
ch
,
i
t
i
s
c
le
a
r
th
a
t
r
a
t
ion
a
l
comp
rehen
s
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
che
s
a
re
no
t
sen
s
i
t
i
ve
to
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
ie
s
o
r
ch
an
ge
,
bu
t
po
s
tmode
rn
app
ro
a
che
s
,
p
a
r
t
i
cu
l
a
r
l
y
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
,
fo
cu
se
s
mo
re
on
how
p
l
ann
in
g
i
s
done
and
the
p
ro
ce
s
s
o
f
ch
an
ge
,
th
an
on
an
end
re
su
l
t
tha
t
w
a
s
de
f
ined
f
rom
the
s
t
a
r
t
o
f
the
de
c
i
s
ion
m
a
k
in
g
p
ro
ce
s
s
.
P
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
che
s
th
a
t
fo
cu
s
on
the
p
ro
ce
s
s
a
re
ab
le
to
cope
w
i
th
ch
an
ge
be
t
te
r
.
Pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
w
i
th
in
the
p
l
ann
in
g
p
ro
ce
s
s
the
re
fo
re
add
s
to
the
app
ro
a
ch
’
s
ab
i
l
i
t
y
to
de
a
l
w
i
th
ch
an
ge
a
nd
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
.
Howe
ve
r
,
the
le
ve
l
o
f
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
needs
to
go
be
yond
to
ken
con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
.
‘Con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
’
i
s
a
wo
rd
u
sed
in
a
v
a
s
t
r
an
ge
o
f
con
te
x
t
s
in
p
l
ann
in
g
tod
a
y
and
th
i
s
m
a
y
c
au
se
con
fu
s
ion
fo
r
p
r
a
c
t
i
t
ione
r
s
.
M
an
y
p
l
ann
in
g
app
ro
a
che
s
u
se
con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
to
en
g
a
ge
s
t
a
keho
lde
r
s
in
the
p
l
ann
in
g
p
ro
ce
s
s
,
howe
ve
r
i
t
i
s
u
sed
to
d
i
f
fe
ren
t
e
x
ten
t
s
.
Con
su
l
t
a
t
ion
a
s
a
to
ken
ge
s
tu
re
o
r
a
s
p
l
a
c
a
t
ion,
i
s
no
t
wh
a
t
I
th
in
k
P
a
t
s
y
He
a
le
y
in
tended
when
she
te
rmed
‘
co
l
l
abo
r
a
t
i
ve
p
l
ann
in
g
’
.
S
t
a
keho
lde
r
s
wo
r
k
in
g
to
ge
t
he
r
w
i
th
the
ch
an
g
in
g
en
v
i
ronmen
t,
I
th
in
k
,
i
s
mo
re
wh
a
t
He
a
le
y
en
v
i
s
ioned
.
The
po
s
s
ib
le
g
ap
be
tween
theo
r
y
and
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
w
i
l
l
a
lw
a
y
s
be
d
i
s
cu
s
sed
b
y
p
l
anne
r
s
,
whe
the
r
in
a
po
s
i
t
i
ve
o
r
a
ne
g
a
t
i
ve
w
a
y
.
In
te
rm
s
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
ch
an
ge
,
the
theo
r
y
s
a
y
s
to
mon
ito
r
and
re
v
iew
,
bu
t
I
th
in
k
in
p
r
a
c
t
i
ce
we
r
a
re
l
y
do
.
Mon
i
to
r
in
g
and
re
v
iew
in
g
need
a
t
ten
t
ion
,
in
c
lud
in
g
loo
k
in
g
a
t
the
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
re
a
son
s
wh
y
i
t
i
s
no
t
be
in
g
u
sed
;
fo
r
e
x
amp
le
f
in
an
c
i
a
l
co
s
t
,
me
thodo
lo
g
i
c
a
l
l
im
i
t
a
t
ion
s
o
f
me
a
su
r
in
g
the
unme
a
su
r
ab
le
and
in
st
i
tu
t
ion
a
l
ch
an
ge
.
The
need
to
be
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
in
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
,
and
th
rou
ghou
t
New
Ze
a
l
and
i
s
on
l
y
ju
s
t
be
g
inn
in
g
to
be
re
co
gn
i
sed
and
the
i
s
sue
w
i
l
l
con
t
inue
to
g
row
in
impo
r
t
an
ce
in
the
com
in
g
ye
a
r
s
.
Th
rou
ghou
t
th
i
s
re
se
a
r
ch
,
the
top
i
c
o
f
s
tud
y
h
a
s
been
a
l
i
ve
i
s
sue
,
and
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
h
a
s
been
go
in
g
on
a
s
the
re
se
a
r
ch
w
a
s
be
in
g
unde
r
t
a
ken
.
I
t
wou
ld
be
v
a
lu
ab
le
to
re
v
i
s
i
t
the
top
i
c
in
a
few
ye
a
r
s
on
ce
the
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
ch
ap
te
r
o
f
the
P
ropo
sed
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
Rep
l
a
cemen
t
D
i
s
t
r
i
ct
P
l
an
h
a
s
65
been
comp
le
ted
ou
t
o
f
the
f
a
s
tt
r
a
c
ked
p
l
ann
in
g
p
ro
ce
s
s
and
h
a
s
be
come
ope
r
a
t
i
ve
.
I
t
w
i
l
l
be
in
te
re
s
t
in
g
to
see
wh
a
t
a
f
fe
c
t
th
i
s
h
a
s
and
i
t
w
i
l
l
a
l
so
be
in
te
re
s
t
in
g
to
see
i
f
an
y
th
in
g
come
s
o
f
the
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
S
t
r
a
te
g
y
th
a
t
h
a
s
been
d
i
s
cu
s
sed
w
i
th
in
lo
c
a
l
go
ve
rnmen
t
.
The
f
a
c
t
th
a
t
the
sub
je
c
t
o
f
th
i
s
s
tud
y
w
a
s
a
l
i
ve
p
ro
ce
s
s
cou
ld
be
seen
a
s
a
l
im
i
t
a
t
ion
,
a
s
some
o
f
the
re
su
l
t
s
a
re
s
t
i
l
l
un
known
,
howe
ve
r
i
t
a
l
so
p
ro
ve
s
how
t
ime
l
y
and
re
le
v
an
t
a
s
tud
y
o
f
p
l
ann
in
g
re
spon
se
to
s
low
on
se
t
d
i
s
a
s
te
r,
su
ch
a
s
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
,
a
c
tu
a
l
l
y
i
s
.
Fu
tu
re
re
se
a
r
ch
cou
ld
a
l
so
comp
a
re
the
K
ap
i
t
i
Coun
c
i
l
’
s
re
spon
se
in
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
w
i
th
the
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
’
s
.
I
t
w
a
s
mo
s
t
in
te
re
s
t
in
g
to
see
the
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
C
i
t
y
Coun
c
i
l
a
t
temp
t
the
s
ame
re
sp
on
se
a
s
w
a
s
t
r
ied
in
K
ap
i
t
i
in
2012
,
de
sp
i
te
i
t
be
in
g
t
a
ken
ou
t
o
f
the
d
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
p
l
an
re
v
iew
and
de
a
l
t
w
i
th
b
y
an
independen
t
re
v
iew
p
ane
l
the
re
.
A
l
so
,
the
ro
le
o
f
pub
l
i
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
in
p
l
ann
in
g
re
spon
se
to
s
low
on
se
t
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
ve
r
se
r
ap
id
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
s
wou
ld
be
ano
the
r
u
se
fu
l
p
ro
g
re
s
s
ion
f
rom
the
que
s
t
ion
s
th
a
t
h
a
ve
a
r
i
sen
in
comp
a
r
in
g
Ch
r
i
s
t
chu
r
ch
’
s
i
s
sue
w
i
th
the
G
r
an
th
am
,
Queen
s
l
and
,
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
p
ro
ce
s
s.
66
Re
fe
ren
ce
s
A
le
x
ande
r
,
E
.
(1997
)
.
A
m
i
le
o
r
a
m
i
l
l
ime
t
re
?
Me
a
su
r
in
g
the
“P
l
ann
in
g
theo
r
y
g
ap
”
.
En
v
i
ronm
en
t
and
P
lann
ing
B
,
P
lann
ing
and
D
e
s
ign
,
24,
3
6
.
A
le
x
ande
r
,
K
.
S
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,
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y
an
,
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Me
a
sh
am
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(2012)
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an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
o
f
co
a
s
t
a
l
commun
i
t
ie
s
:
unde
r
s
t
and
in
g
re
spon
se
s
to
p
ro
je
c
ted
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
.
Jou
rna
l
o
f
En
v
i
ronm
en
ta
l
P
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t
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:
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amp
sh
i
re
,
UK
;
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Yo
r
k
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a
l
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ve
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l
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eo
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i
l
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an
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l
adde
r
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f
c
i
t
i
zen
p
a
r
t
i
c
ip
a
t
ion
.
Jou
rna
l
o
f
Am
e
r
i
can
In
s
t
i
tu
t
e
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f
P
lann
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r
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ra
c
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i
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f
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c
ia
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r
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in
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a
rne
t
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che
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A
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c
a
l
co
a
s
t
a
l
ad
ap
t
a
t
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a
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a
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tu
r
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C
l
ima
t
e
Chang
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,
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c
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te2383
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re
g
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(1989
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.
Be
tween
Mode
rn
i
t
y
and
Po
s
tmode
rn
i
t
y
:
The
Amb
i
guou
s
Po
s
i
t
ion
o
f
U
.
S
.
P
l
ann
in
g
.
En
v
i
ronm
en
t
and
P
lann
ing
D
:
So
c
i
e
t
y
and
Spa
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:
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gum
,
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a
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,
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,
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a
a
f
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&
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re
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r
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)
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Tow
a
rd
con
cep
tu
a
l
f
r
amewo
r
k
s
fo
r
In
t
e
rna
t
iona
l
Jou
rna
l
o
f
l
in
k
in
g
d
i
s
a
s
te
r
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
and
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
ad
ap
t
a
t
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.
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s
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i
a
lE
co
lo
g
i
c
a
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S
y
s
tem
s
:
Bu
i
ld
in
g
Re
s
i
l
ien
ce
fo
r
Comp
le
x
i
t
y
and
Ch
an
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.
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amb
r
id
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,
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ve
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t
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v
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e
s
ea
r
ch
M
e
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s
fo
r
th
e
So
c
ia
l
S
c
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en
c
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s
(8
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se
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a
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t
e
ra
c
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e
r
sp
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i
v
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r
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P
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i
ve
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s
i
t
y
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re
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i
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,
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a
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En
v
i
ronm
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ta
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r
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ampbe
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a
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237
.
W
i
l
l
i
s
,
G
.
(2014
)
.
Manag
ing
na
tu
ra
l
ha
za
rd
r
i
s
k
in
N
ew
Z
ea
land
:
Towa
rd
s
mo
r
e
r
e
s
i
l
i
en
t
commun
i
t
i
e
s.
Re
t
r
ie
ved
f
rom
h
t
tp
:
/
/www
.
l
gn
z
.
co
.n
z
/
a
s
se
t
s
/Pub
l
i
c
a
t
ion
s
/M
an
a
g
in
gn
a
tu
r
a
lh
a
z
a
rd
sLGN
Z
th
in
k
p
ie
ce
.pd
f
Zhou
,
L
.
,
Pe
re
r
a
,
S
.
,
J
a
y
aw
i
c
k
r
am
a
,
J
.
&
Aden
i
y
i
,
O
.
(2014
)
.
The
Imp
l
i
c
a
t
ion
o
f
H
yo
go
F
r
amewo
r
k
fo
r
ro
c
ed
ia
E
conom
i
c
s
and
F
inan
c
e
,
18,
578
583
.
A
c
t
ion
fo
r
D
i
s
a
s
te
r
Re
s
i
l
ien
ce
Edu
c
a
t
ion
.
P
do
i
:10
.1016
/
S22125671
(14
)009782
71
Append
i
x
A
New
Ze
a
l
and
Le
g
i
s
l
a
t
ion
P
ro
v
i
s
ion
s
in
New
Ze
a
l
and
le
g
i
s
l
a
t
ion
th
a
t
a
re
app
l
i
c
ab
le
to
th
i
s
d
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion
a
re
s
t
a
ted
in
th
i
s
append
i
x
.
The
p
ro
v
i
s
ion
s
he
re
h
i
gh
l
i
gh
t
the
f
r
amewo
r
k
fo
r
p
l
ann
in
g
fo
r
ch
an
ge
and
,
in
p
a
r
t
i
cu
l
a
r
,
fo
r
se
a
le
ve
l
r
i
se
.
1 Re
sou
r
ce
M
an
a
gemen
t
A
c
t
1991
The
Re
sou
r
ce
m
an
a
gemen
t
A
c
t
1991
(RMA
)
i
s
New
Ze
a
l
and
’
s
fund
amen
t
a
l
p
l
ann
in
g
do
cumen
t
and
a
im
s
to
su
s
t
a
in
ab
l
y
m
an
a
ge
n
a
tu
r
a
l
and
ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
re
sou
r
ce
s
.
The
RMA
con
t
a
in
s
v
a
r
iou
s
se
c
t
ion
s
wh
i
ch
in
fo
rm
the
m
an
a
gemen
t
o
f
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
.
O
f
p
a
r
t
i
cu
l
a
r
re
le
v
an
ce
to
th
i
s
d
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion
a
re
the
fo
l
low
in
g
se
c
t
ion
s
:
• Se
c
t
ion
7
(
I
)
–
a
l
l
pe
r
son
s
e
xe
r
c
i
s
in
g
fun
c
t
ion
s
unde
r
the
A
c
t
mu
s
t
h
a
ve
p
a
r
t
i
cu
l
a
r
re
g
a
rd
to
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
s
e
f
fe
c
t
s
.
• S
chedu
le
4
–
As
se
s
smen
t
s
o
f
E
n
v
i
ronmen
t
a
l
E
f
fe
c
t
s
(A
E
E
s
)
mu
s
t
con
s
ide
r
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
r
i
s
k
s
to
the
ne
i
ghbou
rhood
,
commun
i
t
y
,
o
r
en
v
i
ronmen
t,
the
re
fo
re
th
i
s
i
s
con
s
ide
r
a
t
ion
fo
r
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
in
con
sen
t
s
whe
re
requ
i
red
b
y
p
l
an
p
ro
v
i
s
ion
s
• Se
c
t
ion
s
30
and
31
s
t
a
te
th
a
t
i
t
i
s
the
fun
c
t
ion
o
f
re
g
ion
a
l
coun
c
i
l
s
and
te
r
r
i
to
r
i
a
l
au
tho
r
i
t
ie
s
to
con
t
ro
l
the
u
se
o
f
l
and
,
and
the
e
f
fe
c
t
s
o
f
u
se
re
spe
c
t
i
ve
l
y
to
a
vo
id
o
r
m
i
t
i
g
a
te
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
.
• Se
c
t
ion
106
–
subd
i
v
i
s
ion
con
sen
t
s
m
a
y
be
re
fu
sed
b
y
lo
c
a
l
au
tho
r
i
t
ie
s
i
f
the
l
and
i
s
sub
j
e
c
t
to
,
m
a
y
wo
r
sen
,
o
r
re
su
l
t
in
d
am
a
ge
f
rom
,
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
.
O
the
r
se
c
t
ion
s
a
l
so
h
a
ve
an
imp
a
c
t
on
p
l
ann
in
g
me
thod
s
and
how
the
co
a
s
t
a
l
en
v
i
ronmen
t
c
an
be
m
an
a
ged
to
redu
ce
r
i
s
k
s
,
fo
r
e
x
amp
le
,
se
c
t
ion
10
on
e
x
i
s
t
in
g
u
se
r
i
gh
t
s
.
2 New
Ze
a
l
and
Co
a
s
t
a
l
Po
l
i
c
y
S
t
a
temen
t
2010
The
New
Ze
a
l
and
Co
a
s
t
a
l
Po
l
i
c
y
S
t
a
temen
t
(N
ZCP
S
)
i
s
requ
i
red
unde
r
the
RMA
to
p
romo
te
su
s
t
a
in
ab
le
m
an
a
gemen
t
o
f
co
a
s
t
a
l
re
sou
r
ce
s
and
a
id
s
de
c
i
s
ion
m
a
ke
r
s
ope
r
a
t
in
g
in
the
co
a
s
t
a
l
en
v
i
ronmen
t
.
The
N
ZCP
S
i
s
imp
lemen
ted
b
y
lo
c
a
l
go
ve
rnmen
t
throu
gh
re
g
ion
a
l
and
d
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
p
l
an
s
.
Ob
je
c
t
i
ve
5
i
s
o
f
p
a
r
t
i
cu
l
a
r
re
le
v
an
ce
to
th
i
s
d
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion
.
I
t
en
su
re
s
th
a
t
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
and
r
i
s
k
s
a
re
m
an
a
ged
b
y
:
lo
c
a
t
in
g
new
de
ve
lopmen
t
aw
a
y
f
rom
h
i
gh
r
i
s
k
a
re
a
s
;
con
s
ide
rin
g
m
an
a
ged
re
t
re
a
t
fo
r
72
de
ve
loped
a
rea
s
a
t
r
i
s
k
f
rom
h
a
z
a
rd
s
;
and
u
s
in
g
n
a
tu
r
a
l
de
fen
ce
s
to
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
.
Ton
k
in
and
T
a
y
lo
r
(2015
)
re
co
gn
i
se
the
fo
l
low
in
g
N
ZCP
S
po
l
i
c
ie
s
a
s
re
le
v
an
t
to
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
m
an
a
gemen
t
:
• Po
l
i
c
y
3
requ
i
re
s
a
p
re
c
au
t
ion
a
r
y
app
ro
a
ch
to
the
u
se
and
m
an
a
gemen
t
o
f
co
a
s
t
a
l
r
e
sou
r
ce
s
be
adop
ted
so
th
a
t
tho
se
re
sou
r
ce
s
th
a
t
a
re
po
ten
t
i
a
l
l
y
vu
lne
r
ab
le
to
e
f
fe
c
t
s
f
rom
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
,
do
no
t
c
au
se
h
a
rm
to
commun
i
t
ie
s
.
• Po
l
i
c
y
24
iden
t
i
f
y
a
re
a
s
in
the
co
a
s
t
a
l
en
v
i
ronmen
t
th
a
t
a
re
po
ten
t
i
a
l
l
y
a
f
fe
c
ted
b
y
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
(
in
c
lud
in
g
t
sun
am
i
)
and
g
i
v
in
g
p
r
io
r
i
t
y
to
the
iden
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
ion
o
f
a
re
a
s
a
t
h
i
gh
r
i
s
k
o
f
be
in
g
a
f
fe
c
ted
.
H
a
z
a
rd
s
a
s
se
s
smen
t
s
a
re
requ
i
red
fo
r
a
100ye
a
r
p
l
ann
in
g
ho
r
i
zon
and
shou
ld
t
a
ke
in
to
a
c
coun
t
n
a
t
ion
a
l
gu
id
an
ce
and
the
be
s
t
a
v
a
i
l
ab
le
in
fo
rm
a
t
ion
on
the
l
i
ke
l
y
e
f
fe
c
t
s
o
f
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
fo
r
e
a
ch
re
g
ion
.
• Po
l
i
c
y
25
p
romo
te
s
a
vo
id
in
g
in
c
re
a
s
in
g
the
r
i
s
k
to
so
c
i
a
l
,
en
v
i
ronmen
t
a
l
and
e
cono
m
i
c
v
a
lue
s
f
rom
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
,
and
a
vo
id
in
g
de
ve
lopmen
t
in
a
re
a
s
po
ten
t
i
a
l
l
y
a
f
fe
c
ted
b
y
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
o
ve
r
a
t
le
a
s
t
the
ne
x
t
100
ye
a
r
s
.
• Po
l
i
c
y
27
p
romo
te
s
redu
c
in
g
h
a
z
a
rd
r
i
s
k
in
a
re
a
s
o
f
s
i
gn
i
f
i
c
an
t
e
x
i
s
t
in
g
de
ve
lopmen
t
l
i
ke
l
y
to
be
a
f
fe
c
ted
b
y
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
.
3C
an
te
rbu
r
y
Re
g
ion
a
l
Po
l
i
c
y
S
t
a
temen
t
2013
The
C
an
te
rbu
r
y
Re
g
ion
a
l
Po
l
i
c
y
S
t
a
temen
t
2013
,
i
s
p
rodu
ced
unde
r
the
RMA
1991
and
p
ro
v
ide
s
an
o
ve
r
v
iew
o
f
re
sou
r
ce
m
an
a
gemen
t
i
s
sue
s
fo
r
the
re
g
ion
and
a
f
r
amewo
r
k
fo
r
how
tho
se
w
i
l
l
be
su
s
t
a
in
ab
l
y
m
an
a
ged
.
Ch
ap
t
e
r
s
8
and
11
a
re
o
f
p
a
r
t
i
cu
l
a
r
re
le
v
an
ce
to
the
a
s
se
s
smen
t
o
f
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
.
The
se
ch
ap
te
r
s
de
a
l
w
i
th
the
Co
a
s
t
a
l
En
v
i
ronmen
t
and
N
a
tu
r
a
l
H
a
z
a
rd
s
re
spe
c
t
i
ve
l
y
.
The
re
le
v
an
t
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
(
ch
ap
te
r
11
)
ob
je
c
t
i
ve
s
and
po
l
i
c
ie
s
a
re
ou
t
l
ined
be
low
:
• Ob
je
c
t
i
ve
11
.2
.1
–
subd
i
v
i
s
ion
,
u
se
and
de
ve
lopmen
t
o
f
l
and
th
a
t
in
c
re
a
se
s
the
r
i
s
k
o
f
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
mu
s
t
a
vo
ided.
• Ob
je
c
t
i
ve
11
.2
.2
–
an
y
ad
ve
r
se
e
f
fe
c
t
s
re
su
l
t
in
g
f
rom
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
ion
mu
s
t
be
a
vo
ided
,
i
f
the
y
c
anno
t
be
a
vo
ided
the
y
mu
s
t
be
m
i
t
i
g
a
ted
.
• Ob
je
c
t
i
ve
11
.2
.3
–
re
co
gn
i
se
and
p
ro
v
ide
fo
r
the
e
f
fe
c
t
s
o
f
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
,
and
how
i
t
w
i
l
l
imp
a
c
t
se
a
le
ve
l
s
and
e
x
a
ce
rb
a
te
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
.
• Ob
je
c
t
i
ve
11
.2
.4
–
co
ope
r
a
t
ion
be
tween
a
gen
c
ie
s
and
o
r
g
an
i
s
a
t
ion
s
i
s
needed
fo
r
the
e
f
fe
c
t
i
ve
in
te
g
r
a
t
ion
o
f
the
m
an
a
gemen
t
and
p
rep
a
redne
s
s
o
f
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
.
73
• Po
l
i
c
y
11
.3
.1
–
new
subd
i
v
i
s
ion
,
u
se
and
de
ve
lopmen
t
on
l
and
th
a
t
i
s
in
a
h
i
gh
h
a
z
a
rd
a
re
a
mu
s
t
be
a
vo
ided
,
un
le
s
s
i
t
i
s
no
t
l
i
ke
l
y
to
re
su
l
t
in
in
ju
r
y
,
lo
s
s
o
f
l
i
fe
o
r
s
i
gn
i
f
i
c
an
t
d
am
a
ge
i
f
a
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
d
id
o
c
cu
r
,
o
r
e
x
a
ce
rb
a
te
the
imp
a
c
t
o
f
the
h
a
z
a
rd
.
• Po
l
i
c
y
11
.3
.2
–
in
a
re
a
s
sub
je
c
t
to
inund
a
t
ion
in
a
0
.5%
A
EP
f
lood
e
ven
t
,
new
subd
i
v
i
s
ion
,
u
se
and
de
ve
lopmen
t
(e
x
c
lud
in
g
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
in
f
r
a
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
)
mu
s
t
be
a
vo
ided
un
le
s
s
the
re
i
s
no
in
c
re
a
sed
r
i
s
k
to
l
i
fe
and
de
ve
lopmen
t
w
i
l
l
no
t
su
f
fe
r
d
am
a
ge
in
an
e
ven
t
o
r
i
t
mee
t
f
loo
r
le
ve
l
he
i
gh
t
requ
i
remen
t
s
.
• Po
l
i
c
y
11
.3
.5
–
the
le
ve
l
o
f
r
i
s
k
i
s
to
be
de
te
rm
ined
b
y
the
l
i
ke
l
ihood
o
f
the
e
ven
t
and
the
po
ten
t
i
a
l
con
sequen
ce
s
.
I
f
the
re
i
s
un
ce
r
t
a
in
t
y
abou
t
e
i
the
r
the
l
i
ke
l
ihood
o
r
con
sequen
ce
s
,
the
lo
c
a
l
au
tho
r
i
t
y
sh
a
l
l
adop
t
a
p
re
c
au
t
ion
a
r
y
app
ro
a
ch
.
• Po
l
i
c
y
11
.3
.6
–
n
a
tu
r
a
l
fe
a
tu
re
s
,
in
c
lud
in
g
topo
g
r
aph
i
c
,
geo
g
r
aph
i
c
and
ve
ge
t
a
t
i
ve
fe
a
tu
re
s
,
shou
ld
be
re
co
gn
i
sed
fo
r
the
i
r
ro
le
in
a
s
s
i
s
t
in
g
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
ion
o
r
a
vo
i
d
an
ce
o
f
ha
z
a
rd
s
whe
re
app
rop
r
i
a
te
,
and
shou
ld
be
p
ro
te
c
ted
and
m
a
in
t
a
ined
.
• Po
l
i
c
y
11
.3
.7
–
new
ph
y
s
i
c
a
l
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
ion
wo
r
k
s
shou
ld
on
l
y
be
con
s
ide
red
whe
re
the
h
a
z
a
rd
s
r
i
s
k
c
anno
t
be
re
a
son
ab
l
y
a
vo
ided
.
Re
lo
c
a
t
ion
,
remo
v
a
l
o
r
ab
andonmen
t
o
f
e
x
i
s
t
in
g
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
shou
ld
b
e
con
s
ide
red
a
s
a
l
te
rn
a
t
i
ve
s
to
new
p
ro
te
c
t
ion
s
t
ru
c
tu
re
s
.
• Po
l
i
c
y
11
.3
.8
–
lo
c
a
l
au
tho
r
i
t
ie
s
sh
a
l
l
h
a
ve
p
a
r
t
i
cu
l
a
r
re
g
a
rd
to
c
l
im
a
te
ch
an
ge
when
con
s
ide
r
in
g
i
f
new
subd
i
v
i
s
ion
,
u
se
o
r
de
ve
lopmen
t
i
s
app
rop
r
i
a
te
and
su
s
t
a
in
ab
le
.
4C
an
te
rbu
r
y
Re
g
ion
a
l
Co
a
s
t
a
l
En
v
i
ronmen
t
P
l
an
The
C
an
te
rbu
r
y
Re
g
ion
a
l
Co
a
s
t
a
l
En
v
i
ronmen
t
P
l
an
be
c
ame
ope
r
a
t
i
ve
in
2005
and
a
im
s
to
su
s
t
a
in
ab
l
y
m
an
a
ge
C
an
te
rbu
r
y
’
s
co
a
s
t
a
l
en
v
i
ronmen
t
.
Ch
ap
te
r
9
o
f
the
p
l
an
de
t
a
i
l
s
the
m
an
a
gemen
t
o
f
co
a
s
t
a
l
h
a
z
a
rd
s
.
Ob
je
c
t
i
ve
9
.1
i
s
o
f
p
a
r
t
i
cu
l
a
r
re
le
v
an
ce
to
th
i
s
d
i
s
se
r
t
a
t
ion:
Ob
je
c
t
i
ve9
.1
(
a
)To m
in
im
i
setheneedfo
rh
a
z
a
rdp
ro
te
c
t
ionwo
r
k
s
,anda
vo
ido
rm
i
t
i
g
a
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c
tu
a
lo
r
po
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t
i
a
le
f
fe
c
t
so
fco
a
s
t
a
lh
a
z
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rd
sb
y
lo
c
a
t
in
gu
seandde
ve
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taw
a
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roma
re
a
sth
a
ta
re
3
sub
je
c
ttoco
a
s
t
a
le
ro
s
ionandse
aw
a
te
r
inund
a
t
ion.
3
En
v
i
ronmen
tC
an
t
e
rbu
r
y
.(2005)
.Re
g
ion
a
lCo
a
s
t
a
lEn
v
i
ronmen
tP
l
anfo
rtheC
an
te
rbu
r
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g
ion.Re
t
r
i
e
ved
No
v
embe
r10
,2015
,f
romh
t
tp
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r05
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f
74
5C
i
v
i
l
De
fen
ce
and
Eme
r
gen
c
y
M
an
a
gemen
t
A
c
t
2002
The
pu
rpo
se
o
f
the
C
i
v
i
l
De
fen
ce
and
Eme
r
gen
c
y
M
an
a
gemen
t
A
c
t
2002
(CD
EM
A
c
t
)
a
s
de
f
ined
in
4
i
s
to
:
se
c
t
ion
3
(
a
)
imp
ro
veandp
romo
tethesu
s
t
a
in
ab
leman
a
gemen
to
fh
a
z
a
rd
sinaw
a
yth
a
tcon
t
r
ibu
te
sto
theso
c
i
a
l
,e
conom
i
c
,cu
l
tu
r
a
l
,anden
v
i
ronmen
t
a
lwe
l
lbe
in
gands
a
fe
t
yo
fthepub
l
i
canda
l
so
tothep
ro
te
c
t
iono
fp
rope
r
t
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;and
(b
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cou
r
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c
cep
t
ab
le
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i
s
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a
sth
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tte
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inth
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sA
c
t
)
,
in
c
lud
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g
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i
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t
l
im
i
t
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t
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,—
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i
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i
den
t
i
f
y
ing
,a
s
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s
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g
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gr
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l
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s
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gand
imp
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fe
c
t
i
ver
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s
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c
t
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(
i
v
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mon
i
to
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in
gandre
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ce
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s
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c
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ro
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l
ann
in
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a
r
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t
ionfo
reme
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gen
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ie
sandfo
rre
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ve
r
y
inthe
e
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to
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gen
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y
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re
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c
a
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a
te
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l
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t
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l
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gen
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yman
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ro
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a
so
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ve
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,anden
cou
r
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r
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ta
c
t
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roup
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te
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t
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lo
c
a
lc
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v
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lde
fen
seeme
r
gen
c
y
man
a
gemen
tp
l
ann
in
ganda
c
t
i
v
i
t
yth
rou
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l
i
gnmen
to
f
lo
c
a
lp
l
ann
in
gw
i
than
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t
ion
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l
s
t
r
a
te
g
yandn
a
t
ion
a
lp
l
an
;and
(
f
)
en
cou
r
a
gethecoo
rd
in
a
t
iono
feme
r
gen
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yman
a
gemen
t
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l
ann
in
g
,anda
c
t
i
v
i
t
ie
sre
l
a
tedto
c
i
v
i
lde
fen
ceeme
r
gen
c
yman
a
gemen
ta
c
ro
s
sthew
ider
an
geo
fa
gen
c
ie
sando
r
g
an
i
s
a
t
ion
s
p
reven
t
in
go
rman
a
g
in
geme
r
gen
c
ie
sunde
rth
i
sA
c
tandtheA
c
t
s
l
i
s
ted
inse
c
t
ion17
(3
)
.
The
“
fou
r
R
”
fun
c
t
ion
s
o
f
the
A
c
t
a
re
redu
c
t
ion
,
re
ad
ine
s
s
,
re
spon
se
and
re
co
ve
r
y
.
W
i
l
l
i
s
(2014
)
iden
t
i
f
ie
s
th
a
t
the
CDEM
A
c
t
con
s
ide
r
s
bo
th
p
re
and
po
s
t
e
ven
t
m
an
a
gemen
t
and
in
con
s
ide
r
in
g
p
re
e
ven
t
m
an
a
gemen
t
,
i
t
t
a
ke
s
in
to
con
s
ide
r
a
t
ion
s
o
f
the
RMA
and
the
Bu
i
ld
in
g
A
c
t
fo
r
l
and
u
se
con
t
ro
l
and
bu
i
ld
in
g
de
s
i
gn
f
a
c
to
r
s
re
spe
c
t
i
ve
l
y
.
De
sp
i
te
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
be
in
g
the
f
i
r
s
t
“R
”
in
the
s
cope
o
f
CDEM
,
the
N
a
t
ion
a
l
CDEM
P
l
an
focu
se
s
on
re
ad
ine
s
s
,
re
spon
se
and
re
co
ve
r
y
,
de
le
g
a
t
in
g
the
t
a
s
k
o
f
r
i
s
k
redu
c
t
ion
to
lo
c
a
l
o
r
re
g
ion
a
l
le
ve
l
(W
i
l
l
i
s
,
2014
)
.
4
P
a
r
l
i
amen
t
a
r
yCoun
s
e
lO
f
f
i
c
e
.(2002
)
.C
i
v
i
lDe
f
en
ceandEme
r
gen
c
yM
an
a
gemen
tA
c
t2002
:3Pu
rpo
s
e
.
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t
r
i
e
v
edNo
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embe
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LM149795
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l
75
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i
ld
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c
t
2004
The
two
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le
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t
se
c
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o
f
the
Bu
i
ld
in
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A
c
t
a
re
se
c
t
ion
71
and
72
.
The
se
a
re
ou
t
l
ined
be
low
:
Sec
t
ion71-Bu
i
ld
ingonlandsub
jec
ttona
tu
ra
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rd
s
(1
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Abu
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tho
r
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tabu
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l
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Sub
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k
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