Wildlife Water Developments &
the Social Construction of
Conservation Conflict
When the world was young…
Produce wildlife product (elk, bighorn sheep)
(Kellert 1996)
Changing expectations
& demands
Grand-Staircase Escalante NM
Grand-Staircase Escalante NM
Roads and maintenance
Controversy, Conflict & Propaganda
An Analysis…
Focused on the “discourse”
Using media articles, promotional literature,
scientific articles, materials from a workshop
held in fall 2004, & conversations/interviews
Goal: better understand the nature and roots
of this conflict as a basis for policy
recommendations aimed at revising decision
processes to achieve durable common
interest outcomes.
Conflict(s)
Conflict of cognitions
Conflict of interests
Conflict of world views
Conflict of personalities
Conflict(s)
Conflict of cognitions
Conflict of interests
s
n
o
i
t
i
n
g views
o
Conflict
of
world
c
f
o
t
Conflic
Conflict of personalities
World Views
(Kellert 1996, Ruther 2005)
Negativistic
Utilitarian/Dominionistic
Ecologistic/Scientistic
Aesthetic/Naturalistic
Humanistic/Moralistic
Values
(Lasswell & McDougal 1992)
Well-being
Skill
Enlightenment
Affection
Respect
Wealth
Rectitude
Power
EXCLUSIONARY
Values
(Lasswell & McDougal 1992)
Well-being
Skill
Enlightenment
Affection
Respect
Wealth
Rectitude
Power
INCLUSIVE
Dominant Models of Governance
& Decision-Making
NA
RY
Business model of governance (e.g. Total Quality Mgmt)
(serving “customers,” identified as hunters)
CL
US
IO
Bureaucratic model of governance
(Bureaus are sole the repositories of authority, control,
responsibility & accountability)
EX
Scientific or techno-rational model of management
(“problems” are technical and biophysical, and should
be left to the “experts” to solve)
Narratives & World Views
Narratives & World Views
5 Ingroup narratives
(currently with primary access to control & authority)
Narrative of business
Narrative of pragmatism
Narrative of hunting
Narrative of research
CORE
Narrative of authority & responsibility
Narratives & World Views
3 Outgroup narratives
(of those comparatively disenfranchised)
Narrative of pristine nature
Narrative of policy compliance
Narrative of power & respect deprivation
Narratives & World Views
Elements of justifying Doctrine
Ingroup
Narrative of authority & responsibility
Scientific
management
Narrative of business
Narrative of pragmatism
Narrative of hunting
Narrative of research
E
Bureaucratic
Y
governanceONAR
SI
U
CL model of
Business
EX
RY governance
A
ION
S
Utilitarian/
LU
C
X
Dominionistic
Utilitarian/
Dominionistic
Narratives & World Views
Elements of justifying Doctrine
Outgroup
Narrative of pristine nature
Narrative of policy compliance
Narrative of power & respect
deprivation
Naturalistic/
Ecologistic/
Aesthetic
Bureaucratic
RY
A
N
O
I
governance
CLUS
EX
Human rights
Narratives & World Views
The “Problem”?
Ingroup
Narrative of authority & responsibility
Not enough deference to
authority & control
Narrative of business
Not enough “product”
Narrative of pragmatism
Not enough deference to
skill & expertise
Narrative of hunting
Not enough WWDs & sheep
Narrative of research
Not enough reliable information
Narratives & World Views
The “Problem”?
Ingroup
Narrative of authority & responsibility
Not enough
deference to
SOCIAL
PROCESS
Narrative of business
Not enough “product”
BIOPHYSICAL
Narrative of pragmatism
SOCIAL
PROCESS
skill & expertise
Narrative of hunting
Not enough WWDs & sheep
BIOPHYSICAL
Narrative of research
Not
enough PROCESS
reliable information
DECISION
authority & control
Not enough deference to
Narratives & World Views
The “Problem”?
Outgroup
Narrative of pristine nature
BIOPHYSICAL
Not enough pristine nature
Narrative of policy compliance
DECISION
Not enough PROCESS
policy compliance
Narrative of power & respect
deprivation
SOCIAL
PROCESS
Not enough
authority & control
Narratives & World Views
Primary value demands
exclusionary demands
Ingroup
Narrative of authority & responsibility POWER
Narrative of business
Power
Narrative of pragmatism
POWER
Narrative of hunting
Narrative of research
Narratives & World Views
Primary value demands
potentially inclusive demands
Ingroup
Narrative of authority & responsibility
Narrative of business
Respect
Narrative of pragmatism
RESPECT
Narrative of hunting
Respect
Narrative of research
AFFECTION
Well-being
ENLIGHTENMENT
Narratives & World Views
Primary value demands
exclusionary demands
Outgroup
RECTITUDE
Narrative of pristine nature
Rectitude
Narrative of policy compliance
Power
Narrative of power & respect
deprivation
POWER
Narratives & World Views
Primary value demands
potentially inclusive demands
Outgroup
Narrative of pristine nature
Well-being
Narrative of policy compliance
Narrative of power & respect
deprivation
RESPECT
Narratives & World Views
Burden of proof
(shoehorning worldviews into science)
Ingroup
Narrative of authority & responsibility
Narrative of business
Narrative of pragmatism
Narrative of hunting
Narrative of research
Prove that WWDs
don’t work
Narratives & World Views
Burden of proof
(shoehorning worldviews into science)
Outgroup
Narrative of pristine nature
Narrative of policy compliance
Narrative of power & respect
deprivation
Prove that WWD’s do work
Narratives & World Views
The (Governance) Problem?
N
O
I
T
There are many definitions
of “the”
A
V
I
R
P
E
policy problem…
D
T
T
C
C
E
I
P
L
F
N
RE S
O
Y
C worldviews
T
I
rooted in diverse
and related
L
I
V
I
T
C
S
L
N
U
A
R
formulas andI justifyingTdoctrines…
T
I
P
F
A
O
C
S
L
S
A
I
C
LO
O
S
D
E
involving Iparticipants
seeking diverse values.
H
S
N
I
M
I
D
Narratives & World Views
The (Governance) Solution?
Bureaucratic model
Business model (e.g., TQM)
Scientific/techno-rational model
More biological science
Finding Common Ground?
Finding Common Ground
Venues…
Respectful & Fair
Participatory
Share responsibility & control
Focus on finding common ground
Focus on
initially
on information
Focus
exploring
perspectives
(self reflection)
Focus initially on solving pragmatic problems
Finding Common Ground
Potential Problems?
“Power junkies”
“Rectitude junkies”
Unhelpful models of governance