Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
PASSIVE MICROWAVE PROTECTION
Guy.Rochard@meteo.fr
WMO / EUMETNET / ITWG / SFCG
and METEO-FRANCE
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
ATMOSPHERIC OPACITY IN FREQUENCY RANGE 1-275 GHz
1.E+03
Water vapour tropical
Oxygen
1.E+02
1.E+01
Water vapour sub-arctic
Vertical opacity (dB)
1.E+00
1.E-01
1.E-02
1.E-03
1.E-04
Minor constituents
1.E-05
1.E-06
1.E-07
1
26
51
76
101
126
151
Frequency (GHz)
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002
176
201
226
251
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
Sensitivity of brightness temperature
to geophysical parameters over ocean surface
S A L IN IT Y
W IN D S P E E D
L IQ U ID C L O U D S
+
W ATER VAPOUR
∆Tb
∆Pi
F re q u e n c y (G H z )
0
10
20
30
40
SEA SURFACE
TEM PERATURE
_
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
Sensitivity of brightness temperature
to geophysical parameters over land surfaces
'T b
'P i
S u rfa ce ro u g h n e s s
V e g e ta tio n b io m a s s
C lo u d liq u id w a te r
S o il m o is tu re
In te g ra te d w a te r v a p o u r
5
10
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
15
20
F re q u e n cy (G H z)
28/11/2002
25
30
35
40
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
O2 absorption spectrum along a vertical path around 60 GHz
(multiple absorption lines)
PASSIVE SENSORS REQUIREMENTS IN O
2 ABSORPTION SPECTRUM AROUND 60 GHz
(U.S. standard atmosphère - Absorption model: Liebe 1993)
Total oxygen absorption along a vertical path (dB)
RESONANCE FREQUENCIES (GHz)
51.5034
52.0214
52.5424
53.0669
53.5957
54.1300
54.6712
55.2214
55.7838
56.2648
56.3634
56.9682
57.6125
58.3239
58.4466
59.1642
59.5910
60.3061
60.4348
61.1506
61.8002
62.4112
62.4863
62.9980
63.5685
64.1278
64.6789
65.2241
65.7648
66.3021
66.8368
67.3696
67.9009
Shared
200
Excl.
100
55.78 GHz
Excl.
59.3 GHz
55.22 GHz
52.6 GHz
50.2-50.4 GHz
0
50
55
60
Frequency (GHz)
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002
65
70
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
Weigthing
functions at
50 to 60 GhZ
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
200
Water vapour
absorption spectrum
along a vertical path
around 183 GHz
Total absorption along a vertical path (dB
180
160
140
120
Mid-latitude
100
Tropical
Sub-arctic
80
60
40
20
Frequency (GHz)
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002
191,81
190,81
189,81
188,81
187,81
186,81
185,81
184,81
183,81
182,81
181,81
180,81
179,81
178,81
177,81
176,81
175,81
174,81
0
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
The SAPHIR channels
over the water vapor line
Central Frequencies (GHz)
183,31 ± 0,20
183,31 ± 1,10
183,31 ± 2,70
183,31 ± 4,20
OL
183,31 ± 6,60
183,31 ± 11,00
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002
3
4
5
6
GHz
11 2
195
2
190
3
185
4
183,31
175
5
180
6
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
Weigthing
functions at
183 GhZ
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
ATM OSPH ER IC ABSOR PTION IN FR EQU EN C Y R AN G E 275-1000 G H z
1.E+06
W ater vapour tropical
1.E+05
W ater vapour sub-arctic
1.E+04
Vertical opacity (dB)
1.E+03
1.E+02
O xygen
1.E+01
1.E+00
1.E-01
1.E-02
M inor constituents
1.E-03
275
325
375
425
475
525
575
625
675
Frequ en cy (G H z)
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002
725
775
825
875
925
975
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
GOMAS or GEM
Antenna Ø
54 GHz
118 GHz
183 GHz
380 GHz
425 GHz
1m
242 km
112 km
73 km
35 km
31 km
2m
121 km
56 km
36 km
18 km
16 km
3m
81 km
37 km
24 km
12 km
10 km
4m
60 km
28 km
18 km
8.8 km
7.8 km
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
INTERNATIONAL
TELECOMMUNICATION UNION
RADIOCOMMUNICATION
STUDY GROUPS
February 2002
English only
Draft Revision Of RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SA.515-3
Frequency bands and bandwidths used for satellite passive sensing
(Question ITU-R 140/7
(1978-1990-19941997-2002)
The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly,
considering
a)
that environmental data relating to the Earth is of increasing importance;
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
Spectrum
requirements
for passive sensing
of environmental data
Up to
1000 GhZ
ITU draft REC. SA 515
Frequency
Band(s)(1)
(GHz)
Total
BW
required
(MHz)
Spectral
Line(s) or
Centre
frequency
(GHz)
Measurement
Scan
mode
N, L(4)
1.37-1.4s,
1.4-1.427P
100
1.4
Soil moisture, ocean
salinity, sea surface
temperature, vegetation
index
N
2.64-2.655s,
2.655-2.69s,
2.69-2.7P
45
2.7
Ocean salinity, soil
moisture, vegetation index
N
4.2-4.4s,
4.950-4.990s
200
4.3
Sea surface temperature
N
6.425-7.25
200
6.85
Sea surface temperature
N
10.6-10.68p,
10.68-10.7P
100
10.65
Rain rate, snow water
content, ice morphology,
sea state, ocean wind
speed
N
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION
RADIOCOMMUNICATION
STUDY GROUPS
February 2002
English only
DRAFT REVISION oF RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SA.1028-1
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR SATELLITE PASSIVE
REMOTE SENSING
(Question ITU-R 140/7)
(1994-1997-2002)
The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly,
considering
a)
that certain frequency bands, including some absorption bands of atmospheric gases
(e.g., O2 (oxygen) and H2O (water vapour) ), have been allocated for spaceborne passive microwave
remote sensing;
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
ITU draft REC. SA 1028
Frequency Band(s) (1)
(GHz)
Total BW
Required
(MHz)
Required
UTe
(K)
Data
avaibility
(%)(7)
Scan
Mode (N,L)(4)
1.37-1.4s,
1.4-1.427P
100
0.05
99.9
N
2.64-2.655s,
2.655-2.69s,
2.69-2.7P
45
0.1
99.9
N
4.2-4.4s,
4.950-4.990
200
0.3/0.05(6)
99.9
N
6.425-7.25
200
0.3/0.05(6)
99.9
N
10.6-10.68p,
10.68-10.7P
100
1.0/0.1(6)
99.9
N
15.2-15.35s,
15.35-15.4P
200
0.1
99.9
N
18.6-18.8p
200
1.0/0.1(6)
95/99.9(6)
N
21.2-21.4p
200
0.2/0.05(6)
99/99.9(6)
N
22.21-22.5p
300
0.4/0.05(6)
99/99.9(6)
N
23.6-24.0P
400
0.05
99.99
N
Spectrum
requirements
for passive
sensing
of environmental
data
Up to
1000 GhZ
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION
UNION
RADIOCOMMUNICATION
STUDY GROUPS
February 2002
English only
DRAFT REVISION of RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SA.1029-1
PERMISSIBLE INTERFERENCE CRITERIA LEVELS FOR SATELLITE
PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING
(Question ITU-R 140/7)
(1994-1997-2002)
The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly,
considering
a)
that certain frequency bands, including some absorption bands of atmospheric gases (e.g., O2
(oxygen) and H2O (water vapour) ), have been allocated for spaceborne passive microwave remote
sensing;
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
DATA AVAILABILITY
Data availability is the percentage of area or time for which
accurate data is available for a specified sensor measurement
area or sensor measurement time.
For a 99.99% data
availability, the measurement area is a square on the Earth of
2,000,000 km2, unless otherwise justified; for a 99.9% data
availability, the measurement area is a square on the Earth of
10,000,000 km2 unless otherwise justified; for a 99% data
availability the measurement time is 24 hours, unless otherwise
justified
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
Long-term objectives for passive sensor sensitivities
THE WMO TABLE
IS A
DRAFT DEFINED
UP TO
Frequencyband(s)((GHz
Objective ∆Te (K)
1.37-1.4s,
1.4-1.427P
0.05
2.64-2.655s,
2.655-2.69s,
2.69-2.7P
4.2-4.4s,
4.950-4.990s
0.05
0.05
1000 GhZ
(not clear for 1000
to 3000 GHz range)
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
6.425-7.25
10.6-10.68p,
10.68-10.7P
28/11/2002
0.05
0.1
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
N.B.
The updated and consolidated WMO table quoted above
should and must be as well the reference for a correct
agreement between « local » and « global » 1b radiances.
Same concerning the computation of synthetic radiances.
ÎThis is …not yet …the case today .
ÎWhat about tomorrow when using together
NPOESS, METOP,FY-3 etc …?
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
WEB(s) sites fore more infos.
Î
http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/itwg/groups/frequency/
http://guy.rochard.free.fr/meteo/
http://www.eumetnet.eu.org/
http://www.wmo.ch/web/www/TEM/SG-RFC/Handbook.htm
http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/index.html
http://www.sfcgonline.org
and Guy.Rochard@meteo.fr fore more questions
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
Some big problems to solve …
To conclude what is needed above 275 GHz
(central frequencies and bandwidths)
To conclude about ‘Delta T ‘ tables between WMO
and ITU proposals
To archive emissivity pictures of the Earth in
microwaves below 50 GHz.
To save 23.6-34 GHz as a key exemple for ever !
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
Contamination around 7 GHz
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
Measurements
in the 10.6 to
10.7 GHz band
with the
Effelsberg
100m radio
telescope
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
1990
2000
28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
The global problem :
1) To get a clear, consolidated and justificated
request (that include for our instruments to avoid
« wrong » bands).
2) To make lobbying against those which
don’t respect WMO and ITU rules…
3) A first way is to cooperate with SFCG and
a complementary way is to react country
by country now.
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
Suggestions from now to next ITSC-14 :
* To have a one hour meeting ,here, with interested people
* To clean and update the informations on ITWG Web
* To host next SFCG/24 in Perros-Guirec in one year
Î if ITWG agrees
Î if some money can be collected from :
NASA, NOAA, ESA, EUMETSAT, NASDA, WMO,
CNES, ISRO, CSA and some others…
(SFCG-25 is planned in Beijing by september 2005).
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002
Direction de la Production
Centre de Météorologie Spatiale
SFCG-24 ( 60 people)
A) Two actions given to the ITWG representative :
* one bout how to update the WMO/ITU handbook
* the other about to complete and consolidate the « table »
from 1 to 3000 GHz for passive microwaves
B) Evaluation of the cost of SFCG-24 at Perros-Guirec
30 KEUROS for the facilities of the Conference Center
4 KEUROS for the coffee breaks
4 KEUROS for the SFCG-24 dinner
2 KEUROS for the bus
Î Total 40000 Euros …so around 4000 Euros by Organism.
( answer needed urgently )
DP/CMS/R&D – Guy Rochard
28/11/2002