ՈૹᇆିೈҋਘࠣՈੀэࠏ ྸဝܻ ܁ྖ ຣ ఼
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৯࿐ࣉᅚ, 2015 ୍, ֻ 45 ज : 201508 ՈૹᇆିೈҋਘࠣՈੀэࠏ ྸဝܻ 1,† ྖ܁2,†† ຣ ఼ 1 ਾབ 3 ࿆൯ 2 ᇏ۽ݓӱ࣮ჽሹุ۽ӱ࣮෮, ဝ 621999 2 ᇏ॓ݓ࿐ඌն࿐࣍ս৯࿐༢, ކ٧ 230027 ᇏ۽ݓӱ࣮ჽܻࠗऊэ࣮ᇏྏ, ဝ 621900 1 3 ᅋ ေ Ոૹᇆିೈҋਘ൞၂োࡼັࠇବԄ؇֥Ոྟ॒৬ٳᄝ҂ࠎ ุᇏᇅСطӮ֥ކگିۿ؟ҋਘbႮႿఃੀэྟିᄝຓՈӆ֥ט॥༯ॖၛൌ གྷ৵࿃aॹaॖ֥ڿэđၹՎᄝࡹᇽaᆒ॥ᇅބచӚ۽ြ֩ਵთ֤֞ ਔֹܼٗႋႨbЧ໓൮༵ࢺകਔՈૹᇆିೈҋਘؿᅚൎࠣٳোđٳ༅ਔ҂ ᇕো֥Ոૹᇆିೈҋਘ֥หׄބթᄝ֥॓࿐໙ีĠಖުՖൌဒބંਆ۱ ٚ૫ษંਔՈੀэࠏ֥࣮གྷሑĠቋުՖൌ࠽ႋႨ֥࢘؇ؓᆃোҋਘໃট ֥ؿᅚٚཟࣉྛਔᅚຬb ܱՍ Ոૹᇆିೈҋਘ, Ոੀэࠏ, Ոࠞሰં, ৯Ոᯒކ ᇏٳোݼ: O37 ໓ངѓ്: A DOI: 10.6052/1000-0992-15-010 ൬۠ರ௹: 2015-03-02; Ⴈರ௹: 2015-06-10; ᄝཌԛϱರ௹: 2015-06-24 † E-mail: 412xuyg@caep.cn †† E-mail: gongxl@ustc.edu.cn ႄႨٚൔ: ྸဝܻ, ྖ܁, ຣ఼, ਾབ, ࿆൯. ՈૹᇆିೈҋਘࠣՈੀэࠏ. ৯࿐ࣉᅚ, 2015, 45: 201508 Xu Y G, Gong X L, Wan Q, Liu T X, Xuan S H. Magneto-sensitive smart soft material and magnetorheological mechanism. Advances in Mechanics, 2015, 45: 201508 c 2015u৯࿐ࣉᅚvϱಃ෮Ⴕ ° ৯ 462 1 ႄ ࿐ ࣉ ᅚ ֻ 45 ज : 201508 ᇆିҋਘ൞၂োଆٟ฿ಖളҋਘ֥ކگҋਘ, ିؓܔଽ҆ࠇຓࢸࠗৣ (৯aಣa aܻaലaՈa߄֩) ቓԛཙႋ, ѩൌൈֹڿэሱദ֥၂ᇕࠇ؟ᇕྟିҕඔটൡႋэ ߄֥ߌ (ၬ֩ 2001, ࡻ֣ള & Richard 2000, ိू֣ & Ӯݓབ 2002). ರЧݓૅބ ֥॓࿐ࡅٳљႿ 20 ൗࡀ 80 ୍սଌ௹ิԛਔᇆିҋਘ֥ۀ, ՎުܱႿᇆିҋਘ֥Б ֡ᄀটᄀ؟, ఃႋႨٓຶ္ᄀটᄀܼ, ଢభၘؿᅚӮູҋਘ॓࿐ᇏ၂۱ᇗေ֥࣮ٚ ཟ. ႮႿֆ၂֥नᇉҋਘޓൈऎС؟ᇕିۿ, ܣ၂ϮࡼٳљऎСۋᆩ, ౺ބ॥ᇅ ֥ିۿҋਘ۴ऌླေοᅶଖᇕหקٚൔቆልᄝ၂ఏ, ᆭӮູऎСࠢ؟ᇕᇆିหྟႿ ၂ദ֥ྍگᄖҋਘุ༢. ᇆିҋਘऎႵЇ؟ݣᇕቆܒࢲࠩ؟֥ٳҪՑ, ૄطᇕቆٳ ऎႵ҂֥หྟࠣັࢲܒ, ҂֥ቆٳᆭࡗߎթᄝሢᯒིކႋ, ᆃ֤ᇆିҋਘॖ ၛؓࠗৣྐݼቓԛ٤ӈگᄖ֥ཙႋ. ᇆିҋਘЧദऎС၂สିਈԮބ־թԥࠏᇅ, ၂ Ϯ๙ݖᇉିބਈ֥Ԯൻؓࢫטຓࢸൡႋି৯, ࣉطൌགྷఃোරႿളҋਘࠃྟ ֥ିۿ. ᇆିҋਘႵ؟ᇕٳোٚൔ, οᅶটჷॖၛູٳࠏ٤ࣁඋ༢ᇆିҋਘ, ࣁඋ༢ ᇆିҋਘٳۚބሰ༢ᇆିҋਘ. οᅶٳିۿো, ᇆିҋਘ၂ϮЇওҋਘaܻ֝༸ ົaྙሑ࠺ၫҋਘaᇆିۚٳሰҋਘaՈ ( )ᇁഥ෪ҋਘaՈ ( )ੀэҋਘ֩ (ࡻ֣ ള & Richard 2000). ൌ࠽֥ҋਘุ༢ॖିൈऎС؟ᇕିۿ, ॖၛФູٳ҂֥ᇆି ҋਘো. Ոૹᇆିೈҋਘ (္ФӫູՈੀэҋਘ) ൞၂োކگିۿ؟ҋਘ, ๙ັࡼݖࠇ ବ֥ࠩೈՈྟ॒৬ٳᄝ҂ᇕো֥ᄛุᇏᇅСطӮ. ႮႿఃੀэྟିॖၛෛຓ ࡆՈӆ৵࿃aॹaॖֹэ߄, Ոૹᇆିೈҋਘᄝࡹᇽaᆒ॥ᇅބచӚ۽ြ֩ਵ თ֤֞ਔֹܼٗႋႨѩႄఏਔᄀটᄀܱ֥؟ᇿ (Carlson & Jolly 2000). ۴ऌՈૹᇆି ೈҋਘᄝຓࡆՈӆ่ࡱ༯֥ሑุ֥ࠎބᇕো, ଢభॖࡼఃնᇁູٳՈੀэ၁ (magnetorheological fluids, MRFs)aՈੀэྟุ (magnetorheological elastomers, MREs) ބՈੀэࢋ (magnetorheological gels, MRGs) ֩. ҂ᇕো֥Ոૹᇆିೈҋਘ൞ᄝ҂ ֥ൎൈ௹ᆌؓ҂֥ൌ࠽ႋႨࠇࢳथ҂֥໙ีؿᅚఏট֥, дՎᄝྟିഈ Ҁ, ޓປಆูսؓٚ. Ч໓ࡼٳљᆌؓ҂ᇕো֥Ոૹᇆିೈҋਘࣉྛࡥֆࢺക, ษ ંູ࣮ᆃোҋਘ֥Ոੀэࠏࣉྛ֥ൌဒބંٚ૫֥۽ቔ, ቋުՖႋႨླ֥࢘ ؇ؓᆃোҋਘ֥ໃটؿᅚٚཟࣉྛᅚຬ. 2 Ոૹᇆିೈҋਘ֥ؿᅚགྷሑٳ༅ 2.1 Ոੀэ၁ Ոੀэ၁൞ቋᄪؿᅚఏট֥၂োՈૹᇆିೈҋਘ, ၂Ϯ൞Ⴎັ֥ࠩํՈྟ॒ ྸဝܻ, ྖ܁, ຣ఼, ਾབ, ࿆൯ : ՈૹᇆିೈҋਘࠣՈੀэࠏ a b ᮴⺕എ H 463 H H/0 kA/m H/6 kA/m H/12 kA/m H/20 kA/m ᮑࡴ⺕എ H/0 kA/m H/40 kA/m 1 (a) ՈӆބႵՈӆ่ࡱ༯Ոੀэ၁֥ൌ (Lee & Jiang 2011) ၛࠣ (b) ᄝ҂Ոӆ ่ࡱ༯Ոੀэ၁֥ັࢲܒဆ߄ (Lloyd et al. 2007) ৬a٤Ոྟ၁ุၛࠣ၂ུเࡆ࠴ࠁކᇅСطӮ֥॒৬࿇ڜҋਘุ༢. ീࡆՈӆު, Ո ੀэ၁߶ֹ (ࠫັ૰֥ൈࡗଽ) ՖোරႿؘੀุ֥၁ሇэӮোܥ (ೂ 1a ෮ൕ) (De Vicente et al. 2011b). ҋਘଽ֥҆Ոྟ॒৬္߶ᄝՈӆ৯౺༯ՖՈӆ ൈ֥ෛࠏ҃ٳཟႵՈӆൈ֥Ⴕஆਙሇэ, ັࢲ֥ܒஆਙ౦ঃაຓࡆՈӆ఼֥؇Ⴕ ܱ, ࠧ۷ն֥Ոӆ߶Ոੀэ၁ັࢲ֥ܒႵ߄ӱ؇۷ۚ, ቋᇔ߶ྙӮခሢՈӆٚཟ ֥໗৽֥קሑ (ࠇᇸሑ) ࢲ( ܒೂ 1b ෮ൕ) (Lloyd et al. 2007). Ֆܴޡੀэ࿐ҩ൫ ࢲݔটु, Ոੀэ၁ᄝႵՈӆ่ࡱ༯іགྷԛ Bingham ෑྟੀุྛູ, Ⴕሢૼཁ֥౹ڛ ႋ৯ቋն౹ڛႋ৯ၘࣜӑݖਔ 100 kPa (Phule 1998). ਸ਼ຓ, Ոੀэ၁֥іܴᬪ؇ᄝ Ոӆ֥ט॥༯ॖၛؿളࠫ۱ඔਈ֥ࠩэ߄, іགྷԛ֥ׅՈੀэིႋ (Վԩ൞ᆷ༮ၬ ֥Ոੀэིႋ, ࠧຓՈӆႄఏ֥ੀэྟିڿэਈაՈӆൈੀэྟି֥бᆴ). Ոੀэ ၁֥ᆃུႪၳหྟ֤ૌᄝေᇶᆒ॥ᇅࠇइԮ֥־৯࿐༢ᇏႵሢٳ ᇗေ֥ႋႨࡎᆴ (De Vicente et al. 2011b). ಖط, ႮํՈྟ॒৬აࠎุᆭࡗ֥ૡ؇ҵ ᄯӮ֥॒৬Ӧࢆྟ໙ีӮູቅθՈੀэ၁ؿᅚ֥࣠ᆭ၂. ູਔक़॒ڛ৬Ӧࢆѩࢳथ ৯ 464 ࿐ ࣉ ᅚ ֻ 45 ज : 201508 ॒৬ᄝࠎุᆭᇏऊࠢުᄯӮ֥ᄜٳ໙ี (Phule et al. 1999), ದૌิԛਔ؟ᇕࢳथٚ σ. ሹ֥টࢃ, ᆃུࢳथٚσॖၛՖ॒৬ุ֥࢘ࠎބ؇ФٳӮਆնো. ࠎํ॒ٸ৬ႮႿఃۚЎބՈ߄఼؇ (µ0 Ms = 2.1 T) ֮ބຘ৯ӮູᇅСՈੀ э၁֥མؓའ, ႨఃᇅС֥Ոੀэ၁թᄝᇗ֥॒৬Ӧࢆ໙ี. ູਔᄝྟିބ໗ ྟקᆭࡗ౼֤ޙ, ದૌ҂֤҂ചఙࠎํٸႪၳ֥Ո࿐ྟିط࿊ᄴఃॖཁᇷڿ Ոੀэ၁Ӧࢆྟି֥Ոྟҋਘটูս. ࡨཬՈྟ॒৬Ԅժ൞၂ᇕิۚՈੀэ၁໗ ֥ྟקႵིٚم. ႮႿ҃ᄎ֣ٓބ৯֥ቔႨ, ັࠇବ֥॒ࠩ৬ᄝ٤Ո ྟ၁ุᇏбັ֥॒ࠩ৬Ⴕሢ۷֥ݺ໗ྟק. หљֹ, ֒ປಆҐႨବԄժ֥ํՈྟ ॒৬ቔູٳཌྷᇅСطӮ֥॒৬ٳุ༢ФӫູՈྟ၁ุ (magnetic fluids) ࠇํੀุ (ferrofluids). ํੀุᇏૄ۱ବํՈ॒৬नЇݣֆ၂ՈԐѩႮႿ҃ᄎປಆෛࠏ ٳᄝࠎุᇏ, Ֆࠞطնֹڿਔ॒৬Ӧࢆ໙ี. ಖط, ࠧᄝ఼֥ޓՈӆቔႨ༯, ํ ੀุಯಖЌӻ၁ุሑ, Ֆط֤ํੀุ҂ॖିऎႵ֥ۚޓՈᇁ౹ڛႋ৯. ਸ਼ຓ, Ⴎ ବԄժႄఏ֥॒৬ऊࠢ໙ี (ࠇᆀඪӜಀՈӆު॒৬֥ᄜٳ໙ี) ္Ӯູ՜ࣉํ ੀุࣉ၂҄ؿᅚ֥ྍ֥็ᅞ (Gollwitzer et al. 2009, Holm & Weis 2005, Rinaldi et al. 2005). ਸ਼၂ٚ૫, ҐႨ༸ົሑࠇϿሑ֥Ոྟҋਘቔູٳཌྷ္Фಪູ൞ڿՈੀэ၁ Ӧࢆ໙ีࠣՈੀэྟି֥Ⴕི൭( ؍Bell et al. 2008, Lopez-Lopez et al. 2007). Ԣਔڿ э॒৬֥Ԅժྙބሑ, ߎॖၛؓՈྟ॒৬і૫ࣉྛྩྙӮऎႵٳ֥ܒࢲ॔ނཌྷ. ᆃᇕܒࢲ॔ނ҂ࣇࡨཬਔ॒৬ૡ؇طᄹࡆਔ॒৬ᆭࡗ֥࣡ஆԇ৯, ՖۚิطਔՈ ੀэ၁֥໗ބྟקᄜٳྟ. ႮႿ॒৬і૫ФۚऊЇڭ, ္ิۚਔՈྟ॒৬֥ॆသ ߄ྟ (De Vicente et al. 2011b, Park et al. 2010, Sedlacik et al. 2010). ֥ݓݢChoi ࣮ቆᄝ๙ؓݖՈྟ॒৬і૫ЇۚิطࣉڭՈੀэ၁໗ྟקٚ૫ቓਔնਈ֥۽ቔѩ౼ ֤ਔޓն֥ࣉᅚ, 2 ൞ᄝࠎํ॒ٸ৬і૫Їڭ۲ᇕۚऊ֥ັࢲܒ (Cho et al. 2004, Choi et al. 2006, Choi et al. 2007, Fang & Choi 2007, Fang et al. 2010, Jiang et al. 2005). ࡼັࠇବ֥ࠩํՈྟ॒৬ (২ೂฏବܵaັބବԄ؇֥ࠎํ ٸa،ᇅသ߄݁aႵࠏᬪaํՈྟϿሑ Co-γ-Fe2 O3 ބCrO2 ֩) ቔູเࡆ࠴ٳ֞ ԮՈੀэ၁ᇏڿэ৵࿃ཌྷࠎุ֥ྟିӮູ࡙ܤՈੀэ၁໗֥ିྟބྟק၂ᇕྍන ਫ਼ (Chin et al. 2001, Iglesias et al. 2012, Lim et al. 2004a, 2004b, Lim et al. 2005, Park et al. 2010, Trendler et al. 2005, Wereley et al. 2006). Guerrero-Sanchez ֩ (2007) ࡼသ߄ํ ٸଌࠣବ֥ࠩํՈ॒৬ٳᄝ҂ᬪ؇֥ሰ၁ุᇏᇅСਔ၂༢ਙ֥ྍՈੀэ ၁. ႮႿሰ֥թᄝ, ٳཌྷ֥ӦࢆੱބՈੀэིႋ֤֞ཁᇷ֥ڿ. ൞॒ؓބ ৬֥ྟڿٚσཌྷб, ᆃᇕؓ৵࿃ཌྷࠎ္ุ֥ྟڿᆺିՈੀэ၁֥Ӧࢆ໙ี֤֞၂ק ӱ؇֥ڿ. ູਔӞָࢳथ॒৬Ӧࢆ໙ี, ದૌުটႨཝࢋ֩ۚऊປಆูս٤Ոྟ ၁ุ৵࿃ཌྷ, Ⴟ൞ԛགྷਔࠧᄝՈӆߌ༯္ປಆӯܥ֥Ոੀэྟุ. ྸဝܻ, ྖ܁, ຣ఼, ਾབ, ࿆൯ : ՈૹᇆିೈҋਘࠣՈੀэࠏ 465 ߚᬷ㘮ড় ⍂㘮ড় ⒊ࠖ㪌থ 2 Ղࠎํ॒ٸ৬ࠣఃФ۲ᇕۚऊЇ ֥ުڭSEM (Park et al. 2010) 2.2 Ոੀэྟุ ՈੀэྟุӵਔՈੀэ၁֥Ոૹหྟ, ൞ః۽ቔჰބႋႨٓຶაՈੀэ ၁ཌྷбႵਔޓն֥ҵၳ. Ոੀэྟุ֥Ոྟ॒৬ᄝᇅСປӮުࣼФ߄ܥᄝࠎุ ᇏ, ീࡆՈӆު॒৬مሱႮ၍, ؿمളՈੀэ၁֥ “ཌྷэ” གྷའ, ၹՎః৯࿐ྟ ି္مཞՈੀэ၁ପဢෛሢՈӆ֥ڿэؿളऍն֥э߄. Ոੀэྟุᇶေ൞ᄝ ౹ڛభࢨ؍๙ݖՈӆڿэఃቅୄބଆਈটൌགྷᇆି॥ᇅ; طᄝ౹֥؍ࢨުڛՈӆॖ॥ ֥ᬪ؇ބ౹ڛႋ৯൞Ոੀэ၁֥ᇶေႋႨࠏ (ӧਞ 2009). ႮႿՈੀэྟุ֥Ո ྟ॒৬ॖၛФ “ ”߄ܥᄝࠎุᇏ, ॖၛᄝཝࢋࠎุ߄ݖӱᇏ๙ݖീࡆຓ҆Ոӆ॒ ৬ᄝՈӆ৯ቔႨ༯ခሢՈӆٚཟྙӮႵஆਙ֥৽ሑ (ࠇᇸሑ) ັࢲܒ, ߄ປӮު ᆃᇕ౼ཟ߄֥॒৬ັࢲ္ܒॖၛФЌᄝࠎุᇏ, ࣉطᇅСԛ۲ཟၳྟ֥Ոੀэྟ ุ (ࠧՈੀэྟุ֥ყࢲݖ߄ܒӱ). 3 ൞҂ყࢲ߄ܒՈӆ఼؇༯֥Ոੀэ ྟุ֥ັࢲܒ, ॖၛुԛᄝყࢲݖ߄ܒӱᇏീࡆՈӆުಒൌॖၛᇅСԛऎС৽ሑࢲ ֥ܒ۲ཟၳྟҋਘ, ৽طሑࢲܒॖၛ๙ݖყࢲ߄ܒൈ֥Ոӆ఼؇ࣉྛט॥: Ոӆᄀ ն, ॒৬ऊࠢӱ؇ᄀۚ, ۲ཟၳྟӱ؇္ᄀۚ. ࣉ၂֥҄Ոੀэྟିіᆘіૼ, ۲ཟၳ ྟӱ؇ᄀۚ, ఃՈੀэིႋ္ࣼᄀۚ (Chen et al. 2007). ଢభູᆸ, ؟ᇕ҂֥ཝࢋҋ ৯ 466 ࿐ ࣉ a b c d e f ᅚ ֻ 45 ज : 201508 3 ҂ყࢲ߄ܒՈӆ఼؇༯ᇅСطӮ֥Ոੀэྟุ֥ SEM (Chen et al. 2007): (a) 0 mT; (b) 200 mT; (c) 400 mT; (d) 600 mT; (e) 800 mT; (f) 1 000 mT ਘФӇ൫ႨটቔູՈੀэྟุ֥ࠎุ, ཝࢋࠎุЧദ֥ྟିҵၳ֤҂ཝࢋࠎ ุ֥Ոੀэྟุᄝྟିഈ္іགྷԛޓն֥ҵљ. ݁ཝࢋႮႿЧദࢠ಼ೈ, ॖၛᇅӮ ऎႵࢠཬਬӆଆਈ֥ՈੀэྟุطФܼٗႋႨ (Andre et al. 2013, Bellan & Bossis 2002, Li et al. 2009, Stepanov et al. 2007, Zhou 2003). Gong ֩ (2005) Б֡ਔ၂ᇕ݁ ཝࢋࠎՈੀэྟุ, ఃՈੀэིႋղ֞ਔ 878%. ൞ᆃᇕՈੀэྟุ֥Ոᇁԥ ିଆਈѩ҂ն (3 MPa), ֥ۚՈੀэིႋᇶေটሱႿ֥֮ਬӆଆਈ (0.34 MPa), طః ࠏྀྟିࢠҵ, ޓડቀ؟ޓൌ࠽ႋႨ֥ေ. ቋ࣍, Chertovich ֩ (2010) Б֡ਔ၂ᇕ ྍ֥݁ཝࢋࠎՈੀэྟุ. ဢֹ, ෙಖՈੀэིႋۚղ 41 900%, ൞ఃՈᇁི ႋ္ѩ҂ૼཁ (֒ՈӆՖ 0 mT э߄֞ 300 mT ൈ, ఃԥିଆਈᆺିՖ 0.001 MPa ᄹࡆ ֞ 0.42 MPa). ॖၛुԛ, ᄝᆃᇕ౦ঃ༯ᆺܱᇿՈੀэིႋၘીႵնၩၬ, མ֥Ո ੀэྟุҋਘႋھൈऎႵࢠ֥ۚՈᇁଆਈބཌྷؓՈੀэིႋ. ฿ಖཝࢋၹऎႵਅ ֥ݺର߄ྟ္֤֞ିྟྀࠏ֥ۚࢠބਔ࣮ದჴ֥ᇗ൪ (Shen et al. 2004, Gong et al. 2007, Chen et al. 2008). หљֹ, Chen ֩ (2007) ๙ݖเࡆᄹෑ࠴֥ٚم֤฿ಖ ཝࢋࠎՈੀэྟุ֥Ոᇁԥିଆਈղ֞ਔ 3.6 MPa ൈఃཌྷؓՈੀэིႋູ 133%. ა݁ཝࢋࠎՈੀэྟุཌྷб, ฿ಖཝࢋࠎՈੀэྟุ֥ཌྷؓՈੀэིႋࣼေཬ֤ ؟. ਸ਼ຓ, ऊμᴁཝࢋ (Boczkowska et al. 2007, Bocakowska et al. 2009, Fuchs et al. 2007, Furukawa et al. 2005, Mitsumata & Ohori 2011, Wei et al. 2010a, Wu et al. 2009, Wu et al. 2010, Wu et al. 2012)aඨנཝࢋ (Sun et al. 2008)aᦖנཝࢋ (Lokander & Stenberg ྸဝܻ, ྖ܁, ຣ఼, ਾབ, ࿆൯ : ՈૹᇆିೈҋਘࠣՈੀэࠏ 467 2003a, 2003b) ބऊѤ༖ა SEBS ֥ࠁ܋ಣෑྟྟุ (Zajac et al. 2010) ္֩ФӇ൫ ႨটᇅСՈੀэྟุ. ෙಖ॒৬Ӧࢆ໙ี֤֞Ӟָࢳथ, ՈᇁིႋބཌྷؓՈੀэ ིႋᄝՈੀэྟุᇏཌྷᇅჿ, ޓડቀ۽ӱႋႨ֥ေ. ਸ਼ຓ, ႮႿՈྟ॒৬Ф ߄ܥᄝཝࢋࠎุᇏ, ္֤ՈੀэྟุാಀਔোරႿՈੀэ၁ᇏႮႿ॒৬ັࢲܒॖ ෛՈӆሇэ֥หྟ, ᆃࣼࢆ֮ਔՈӆט॥֥ਲࠃྟ. ູਔ࿙ൈऎС֥ۚՈᇁ ིႋބཌྷؓՈੀэིႋѩཌྷؓ໗֥ק૫ཟ۽ӱႋႨ֥མՈੀэҋਘ, ࣼླေᓚఙ ԮՈੀэҋਘ֥ᇅСනਫ਼, ᇗྍഡ࠹ྍ֥Ոૹᇆିҋਘุ༢. 2.3 Ոੀэࢋ Ոੀэࢋ൞၂ᇕࢺႿՈੀэ၁ބՈੀэྟุᆭࡗ֥ྍՈૹᇆିೈҋਘ. Ոੀ эࢋ֥৵࿃ཌྷ൞၂ᇕࢺႿ၁ุุྟބᆭࡗ֥ۚٳሰୠࢋุ༢, ၹՎࠧᄝຓࡆՈ ӆ่֥ࡱ༯Ոੀэࢋ္ऎႵ֥ׅᬪྟหᆘ. Ոੀэࢋ֥ۀᄝ 1995 ୍ႮರЧ֥ Shiga ֩ (1995) ቋᄪิԛ, ૌࡼՈྟ॒৬ٳᄝ݁ୠࢋࠎุᇏᇅСਔ၂༢ਙ҂॒ ৬ݣਈ֥ՈੀэࢋѩؓఃՈᇁᬪྟྛູࠣັࢲྛࣉܒਔ࣮. ۴ऌఃᄝՈӆ่ࡱ ༯֥ሑ, ՈੀэࢋႻॖၛФູٳো၁ࢋބোܥࢋਆো. ো၁֥Ոੀэࢋൌ࠽ഈॖၛुӮ၂ᇕࡼഒਈۚٳሰҋਘቔູเࡆ࠴֥ห൹֥ Ոੀэ၁. ۚٳሰҋਘॖၛᄝࠎุᇏྙӮຩࢲڿܒэՈྟ॒৬֥і૫ྟି॒ࠣ৬ ᆭࡗ֥ཌྷቔႨ, ննࡨߏՈྟ॒৬֥Ӧࢆ؇ՖۚิطਔՈੀэࢋ֥Ӧࢆ໗ྟק (Tiraferri et al. 2008). Wilson ֩ (2002) ٳљၛႵࠏ݁ऊކୠࢋބऊμᴁູࠎุᇅС ਔ҂֥Ոੀэҋਘุ༢. ૌؿགྷ๙ۚࢫטݖऊ֥ࢌ৳؇ބಷ࠴֥༎ӱ؇, ॖ ၛࡼҋਘ֥ሑՖ၁эӮୠࢋമᇀܥ. ෛު, Fuchs ֩ (2004) ؓᆃਆᇕ҂ ࠎุ֥ো၁Ոੀэࢋ֥Ӧࢆ໗ބྟקՈੀэྟିࣉྛਔіᆘ. ࣮ࢲݔіૼ݁ ୠࢋࠎ֥ՈੀэࢋႵࢠ֥֮ਬӆᬪ؇ބ۷֥ۚࡧ్౹ڛႋ৯, طऊμᴁࠎ֥Ոੀэࢋ ᄵऎႵ۷֥ݺӦࢆ໗ྟק. ਸ਼ຓૌߎӇ൫ࡼՈྟ॒৬ٳᄝࢌ৳֥܋ऊऊ ςބӑٳሰऊކୠࢋᇏѩ࣮ਔᆃུۚٳሰࠎՈੀэࢋ֥Ӧࢆ໗ބྟקՈੀэྟ ି (Fuchs et al. 2005, Hu et al. 2006). Wei ֩ (2010b) ၛ҂ଉغб֥ऊѤؽԿࡊބЦ ؽၳූᴁູჰਘކӮਔ҂֥ऊμᴁࠎุ, ѩၛՎູࠎԤᇅСਔ၂༢ਙ֥ऊμᴁࠎ Ոੀэࢋ. ੀэྟିҩ൫ࢲݔіૼ๙ڿݖэऊμᴁࠎุᇏೈ႗؍б২ॖၛ॥ᇅҋਘ ֥࣡ބࡧ్౹ڛႋ৯. აՈੀэ၁ཌྷб, Ԣਔิ॒ۚ৬֥Ӧࢆ໗ྟק, ۚऊ ҋਘ֥ࡆೆ္ิۚਔো၁Ոੀэࢋ֥౹ڛႋ৯. ႮႿۚऊҋਘ֥؟ဢྟ, ᄝՈੀ эࢋᇏߎॖၛൌགྷਬӆᬪ؇ॖ॥֥ଢѓ. ۚऊൈ္ᄹնਔՈྟ॒৬ᄝࠎุᇏᄎ ֥ቅ৯, ࢆ֮ਔՈੀэࢋ֥ཙႋ؇, ॒ط৬Ӧࢆ໙ีᄝᆃᇕো၁֥Ոੀэࢋᇏ ္ഉໃ֤֞Ӟָࢳथ. 468 ৯ ࿐ ࣉ ᅚ ֻ 45 ज : 201508 ۬টࢃ, Shiga ֩ (1995) ቋ༵ᇅС֥Ոੀэࢋࣼ൞၂ᇕোܥՈੀэୠࢋ. ো ܥՈੀэࢋ֥ቋնหׄ൞҂թᄝ॒৬Ӧࢆ໙ี, ႮႿࠎุѩ҂൞ཝࢋো֥ၛྟ ູᇶ֥ҋਘ, ၹՎѩ҂ିࡼః߃ູٳՈੀэྟุ. Zrinyi ֩ (2000) ࡼՈྟ॒৬ٳ ᄝ߄࿐ࢌ৳֥ NIPA ބPVA ඣୠࢋᇏ, ѩ࣮ਔՈӆބ໑؇ؓᆃᇕࠗৣཙႋୠࢋ֥ ႕ཙ. Wu ֩ (2011) ္๙ݖ࿖ߌمײࢳײᇅСਔࢌ৳֥ PVA Ոੀэࢋ, ᆃᇕྍ ֥ՈੀэୠࢋॖၛཞՈੀэྟุ၂ဢࡼࣜݖຓࡆՈӆቔႨ౼ཟ߄֥৽ሑ॒৬ࢲ ”߄ܥ“ ܒᄝ PVA ࠎุᆭᇏ, ఃঘഥ఼؇, ؎ਚഥӉੱࠣՈੀэིႋղ֞ਔࢠ֥ۚ ඣ. Mitsumata ֩ (2009a, 2011, 2012) ᇅСਔ၂༢ਙเࡆਔवঘࢋ֥Ոੀэࢋѩ ࣮ਔ҂Ոྟ॒৬ؓఃՈੀэྟି֥႕ཙ. หљֹ, ૌᄝࡼОํသุބသ߄ํ॒৬ ቔູٳཌྷൈؿགྷਔڵՈੀэིႋ. ࣉ၂҄ٳ༅ಪູᆃᇕڵՈੀэིႋ॒ބ৬֥ٳ ܒཌྷܱ. ႮႿഺՈቔႨ֤Оํသุބသ߄ํ॒৬ᄝࠎุᇏऊࠢྙӮਔຩࢲܒ, طՈӆ֥ീࡆ߶ߊᆃᇕຩࢲܒՖཬࡨطਔఃଆਈ. ЇݣОํသุ֥Ոੀэ ࢋ֥ԥିଆਈࢆ֮ਔ 0.1 MPa ਈࠩطЇݣသ߄ํ॒৬֥Ոੀэࢋ֥ԥିଆਈࢆ֮ਔ 0.01 MPa ਈࠩ, ڵՈੀэིႋ֥ҵၳটሱႿਆᇕো॒৬ഺՈ҂ (Mitsumata et al. 2008, 2009). An ֩ (2010, 2012a, 2012b, 2012c) ၛళ܋؍ऊ SEBS ঀބႲູࠎุ ᇅСਔཌྷؓՈੀэིႋۚղ 6 000% ֥ྍՈੀэୠࢋุ༢ѩ༢ֹ࣮ਔఃՈੀэ ྟି. ෙಖᆃᇕՈੀэࢋ֥ՈᇁԥିଆਈቋۚᆺႵ 200 kPa ቐႷ, ൞ႮႿఃັࢲܒ ֥Ոӆॖ॥ྟၛࠣັࢲܒဆ߄߶ႄఏܴޡ৯࿐ྟିؿളڿэ֥หᆘ֤ᆃᇕোܥ Ոੀэࢋᄀটᄀֹ؟ႄఏਔದૌ֥ᇗ൪. ෙಖ҂ିᆰࢤܴҳ֞เࡆਔ SEBS ֥Ոੀэ ࢋ֥োර֥ဆ߄ݖӱ, ൞ An ֩ (2012c) Ֆܴޡੀэ࿐ྟି֥ཌྷරྟ؎Ոੀэࢋ ᇏ֥॒৬ဆ߄္࿖ሢაՈੀэ၁ཌྷ֥ဆ߄ܿੰ. Xu ֩ (2011) ߎБ֡ਔ၂ᇕ๙ݖ ࡼັ֥ࠩํՈྟ॒৬ٳᄝෑྟ֥ऊμᴁࠎุᇏᇅСطӮ֥ྍোܥՈੀэࢋ ѩࡼఃଁູՈੀэෑྟุ. ೂ 4a ෮ൕ, ᆃᇕҋਘᄝӈ໑Ոӆ่ࡱ༯োරႿཝ ୃ, ॖၛФڿэӮၩྙሑѩЌӻෑྟэྙሑ. ҋਘ߶ᄝՈӆ৯ቔႨ༯ခሢՈӆ ٚཟؿളэྙ, ྙӮೂ 4b ෮ൕ֥ࢲܒ. ࣉ၂҄ັࢲܒіᆘіૼ, ຓՈӆॖၛ֤ଽ ॒҆৬ՖෛࠏٳሑྙӮ৽ሑ౼ཟࢲ( ܒ 4c ބ 4d) ѩᄝӜಀՈӆުᆃᇕ౼ ཟ߄ࢲܒॖၛ࿃Ќӻ (Gong et al. 2012b). ཌྷбՈੀэྟุ, ᆃᇕҋਘऎС۷֥ۚ Ոੀэྟି: ቋۚՈᇁଆਈղ֞ 6.54 MPa; ཌྷؓՈੀэིႋູ 532%. ሹᆭ, ᆃུྍ֥ োܥՈੀэࢋაԮՈੀэҋਘཌྷбቋն֥หׄࣼ൞: ॒৬ᄝຓࡆՈӆቔႨ༯ॖ ၛᇗྍऊࠢѩྙӮ৽ሑࠇᇸሑ֥౼ཟ߄ࢲܒ, ֒طՈӆӜಀު౼ཟஆਙ֥॒৬৽ॖ ၛ࿃Ќᄝࠎุᇏ. ᆃᇕห֥หᆘᆃᇕোܥՈੀэࢋൈऎСਔՈੀэ၁ ބՈੀэྟุ֥Ⴊׄ (॒৬ॖ၍ބྟ౼ཟ॒৬ࢲ)ିྟ ”߄ܥ“ ֥ܒ, ؓႿՈੀэ ҋਘ֥ࠏ࣮ࠣఃᄝ۷նٓຶଽ֥ႋႨऎႵᇗေ֥ၩၬ. ྸဝܻ, ྖ܁, ຣ఼, ਾབ, ࿆൯ : ՈૹᇆିೈҋਘࠣՈੀэࠏ a b c d 469 ⺕എᮍ 4 Ոੀэෑྟุᄝ (a) Ոӆ( ބb) ႵՈӆ่ࡱ༯֥ൌ (Xu et al. 2011); Ոੀэෑ ྟุᄝ (c) Ոӆ( ބd) ႵՈӆ่ࡱ༯֥ SEM (Gong et al. 2012b) a b A B C 微管壁 磁流变液 D E 空气 磁流变复合材料 5 (a) Ոੀэஞଐ֥ᇅСੀӱ: Ոੀэஞଐ൞ࡼՈੀэ၁ D ᇿೆ؟।ҋਘ E ᇏᇅСط Ӯ, طՈੀэ၁ D ൞Ⴎࠎํ॒ٸ৬ A, ᄛ၁ B ބเࡆ࠴ C ࠁطކӮ; (b) ஞଐଽ֥҆ ັࢲܒ: ັܵуႮՈੀэ၁Їڭ, طఃॢࡗᄵԉડॢగ (Kaleta & Lewandowski 2007) 2.4 ఃՈੀэҋਘ Ԣਔഈඍࠫোቋӈ֥Ոੀэҋਘ, ໓ངᇏߎБ֡ਔ၂ུห൹֥Ոੀэҋਘ. ᆃ ུՈੀэҋਘ൞Ֆิۚྟିބ໗֥࢘ྟק؇ԛطؿഡ࠹ԛট֥. Ոੀэஞଐ (MR foams) ҋਘ၂Ϯ൞ᆷࡼՈੀэ၁ᇿೆ֞؟।ஞଐࠎุᇏᇅСطӮ֥োܥކگҋਘ (ೂ 5 ෮ൕ), ๙ݖՈӆ॥ᇅՈੀэ၁֥ੀэྟିՖطղ֞ڿэᆜ۱ҋਘଆਈ֩ྟ ି֥ଢ֥ (Carlson & Jolly 2000, Kaleta & Lewandowski 2007, Maranville & Ginder 2005, Zielinski & Rak 2010). ႮႿห൹؟।ࢲ֥ܒթᄝ, ՈੀэஞଐऎႵᇗਈ, Ոੀэིႋ ৯ 470 a ᷅ൟᇣᄨ⋲ ࿐ ࣉ ⺕⌕বᔍᗻԧ ᅚ ֻ 45 ज : 201508 ⺕⌕ব⎆⺕⌕ব㛊 ⊼ܹ b 6 (a) ᄝՈੀэྟุᇏܹᇿՈੀэ၁ބ၁Ոੀэࢋൕၩ; (b) ।׳ᄝՈੀэྟุ ဢᇏ҃ٳൕၩ (Zhang et al. 2007) ॖބט་ၻྟିਅ֩ݺᇭ؟Ⴊׄ (Gong et al. 2013). ൳Վఓؿ, Zhang ֩ (2010) ࡼՈ ੀэྟุᇏቇԛ҂ඔਈ֥।׳ѩࡼՈੀэ၁ބো၁Ոੀэࢋٳљᇿೆᆃུ। ׳ᇏ (ೂ 6 ෮ൕ), ൈҩ൫ਔᆃਆᇕކگҋਘ֥৯࿐ྟି. ҩ൫ࢲݔіૼ, ᆃ ਆᇕྍ႖֥ކگՈੀэҋਘ֥ԚଆਈေۚႿՈੀэ၁ބՈੀэࢋ, طఃՈੀэི ႋᄵေۚႿՈੀэྟุ. Վຓ, ఃྟିߎॖၛ๙ڿݖэ।׳ඔਈ (္ࣼ൞҂ቆٳ ࡗุ֥ࠒб) ࣉྛࢫט. ູਔࢳथՈੀэ၁֥Ӧࢆ໙ี, Park ֩ (2011) Ⴈ၂ᇕഅႨႲᆫูսՈੀэ၁ᇏ֥ ၁ࠎุᇅСӮ၂ᇕऎႵਅॆݺӦࢆྟି֥ྍՈੀэҋਘѩࡼఃଁູՈੀэᆫ (MR greases). ᆃᇕՈੀэᆫӯགྷԛ ֥ׅBingham ੀุྛູ, ۬ၩၬഈࢃᆃোՈ ੀэᆫॖၛФಪູ൞၂ᇕห൹֥Ոੀэ၁ (Park et al. 2011, Sahin et al. 2009). Byrom ބBiswal (2013) Б֡ਔ၂ᇕࡼັ֥ࠩඨՈํّބՈ॒৬ٳᄝํੀุᇏྙӮ֥ࢋ ุ༢. აԮ֥Ոੀэ၁҂, ૌܴҳ॒֞৬ᄝົؽٚཟѩໃྙӮခሢՈӆٚཟ ֥৽ሑࢲطܒ൞ྙӮਔຩሑܒࢲٳ, ᆃᇕຩሑܒࢲٳ൞ႮඨՈํّބՈ॒৬ᆭࡗ ֥ࠞሰቔႨᄯӮ֥, ๙ڿݖэํੀุ֥୩؇ބඨՈ॒৬აّํՈ॒৬ᆭࡗ֥б২ߎ ॖၛղ֞ڿэ॒৬ऊ֥ࠢົٳඔ֥ଢ֥. ࣉ၂֥҄৯࿐࠹ෘࢲݔᄜགྷਔ॒৬ᄝ ົؽԄ؇֥ऊࠢ౦ঃ ( 7a), ൈ္۳ԛਔົ֥॒৬( ܒ҃ٳ 7b). Վຓ Liu ྸဝܻ, ྖ܁, ຣ఼, ਾབ, ࿆൯ : ՈૹᇆିೈҋਘࠣՈੀэࠏ a 471 b λ=0 λ=0.10 λ=0 λ=0 λ=0.50 λ=0.50 λ=0.25 λ=0.50 c Φ=20.0% σz H 250 σx σy σx+σy Φ=20.0% ———— — 200 2000 ⺕㟈䕈ᑨmPa λ=0.50 σz Φ=15.0% 1500 Φ=15.0% 150 Φ=12.5% Φ=12.5% Φ=10.0% 1000 100 Φ=5.0% 500 Φ=10.0% Φ=5.0% 50 0 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 ড⺕乫㉦↨՟λ 7 (a) ቐш֥ሰіൕᄝՈӆ่ࡱ༯॒ົؽ৬ັࢲ҃ٳܒ, Ⴗш֥ሰіൕᄝീࡆ 11.2 kAm−1 ຓՈӆቔႨ༯॒ົؽ৬ັࢲ҃ٳܒ, λ іൕّํՈ॒৬ඔᅝሹ॒৬ඔ֥ б২; (b) ࠁކ҂б২֥ඨՈ॒৬ํّބՈ॒৬ൈ, ຓՈӆቔႨ༯֥ົ॒৬ັࢲܒ ( ;҃ٳc) ҂॒৬ݣਈ֥ࢋุ༢ٳљᄝྛႿຓՈӆٚཟބԼᆰႿຓՈӆٚཟ֥ Ոᇁႋ৯ෛ λ ֥э߄ܱ༢ (Liu et al. 2014) ֩ (2014) ߎؿགྷ, ᆃᇕຩሑ߶ܒࢲٳཁᇷᄹࡆҋਘᄝԼᆰႿՈӆٚཟ֥مཟႋ৯ط ఃᄝခሢՈӆٚཟ֥مཟႋ৯ᄵࠫެ҂߶ࡨ ( 7c). ቋ࣍, ၂ᇕၛุܥെচُބൖ ਟቔູࠎุିۿ؟ՈྟཝୃФᇅСԛট. ᆃᇕҋਘ҂ࣇऎႵࢠ֥ۚՈᇁԥିଆਈ (4.23 MPa) ބཌྷؓՈੀэིႋ (305%), طॖၛ๙ݖ໑؇֥ט॥ᄝো၁ބোܥᆭ ࡗሇߐ, ࠞնֹิۚਔҋਘ֥ྟିט॥ି৯ (Xuan et al. 2012). Shahrivar ބde Vicente (2013, 2014) ္ᇅСਔ၂ᇕ໑؇ॖט॥֥Ոૹҋਘ, ҂֥൞ᆃᇕҋਘିܔൌགྷཌྷّ ֥ཌྷэݖӱ, ࠧෛሢ໑؇ശۚՖ၁ሇэູোܥ. ৯ 472 ࿐ ࣉ ᅚ ֻ 45 ज : 201508 3 Ոૹᇆିೈҋਘ֥іᆘࠣࠏ࣮ Ոૹᇆିೈҋਘ (หљ൞োܥՈੀэࢋ) Чᇉഈ൞၂োՈӆॖ॥֥ೈᇉҋਘ. ೈᇉቋն֥หᆘ൞ࢠཬ֥ຓ҆ಠ( ЇওaՈaಣaࠏྀa߄࿐aҕᄖ֩) ߶ᄯӮ ଖ၂หྟؿളޓն֥э߄. ೈᇉ၂Ϯ҂ડቀؘੀุ֥ᄎੰܿ, ၹՎ္Фӫູگ ᄖੀุ, ൞၂ᇕൈऎСބุܥ၁ุหྟ֥ห൹༢. ࠹ᇏಪູᇉ֥ሑ іགྷູѪغሥણၹሰᇏ E ބκT ֥бᆴ, ᄝಣ৯࿐ંᇏᄵіགྷູ༢֥᧘ H ބ T S ֥ཨӉ, ࠧ G = −κT ln Z(T ) = H − T S (1) ఃᇏ, G ູሱႮି, κ ູѪغሥણӈඔ, T ބS ٳљіൕ༢֥໑؇᧦ބ. ᄝೈᇉᇏ ٳሰࡗ֥ཌྷቔႨ৯ࢠ, ࢠཬ֥ಠ֤᧘э҂߶ޓն, ೂݔ༢ေؿളࢠն֥э ߄ᄵᇶေ൞Ⴎ᧦эႄఏ֥. ᄝ᧦эቔႨ༯, ೈᇉؓຓࢸಠ֥ᇶေཙႋіགྷູ߶๙ ࠎݖࠇٳሰᄝॢࡗྙӮሱቆᆮࢲܒ. ᆃུࠎࠇٳሰᄝॢࡗྙӮሱቆᆮࢲݖ֥ܒ ӱᄝޓնӱ؇ഈथקਔೈᇉ֥ྟᇉ (ᅵཫவބႃࡴѯ 2011). ၹՎᄝ৯࿐ིႋބ ᧦౺ቔႨ༯, ೈᇉႵॖିྙӮྍ֥ࢲܒ, ط๙ݖႮᆃུࢲܒэ߄طႄఏ֥ྟܴޡ ᇉ֥ڿэૌॖၛّݖট࣮ఃࢲܒဆ߄ࠏ. Ոੀэҋਘᇏ֥Ոྟ॒৬ٳཌྷ߶ ᄝՈӆ౺༯ؿളᇗቆ, ఃᇗቆݖӱ߶ؓҋਘ֥ିྟܴޡӁളࠞն႕ཙ, іགྷԛׅ ֥ೈᇉหྟ. ႮႿۚٳሰࢋุ༢Чദ֥گᄖྟၛࠣۚٳሰࠎุؓՈྟ॒৬֥ ჿඏቔႨ, ֤Ոੀэࢋؓ۲ᇕຓ҆ࠗৣ֥ཙႋྛູཌྷбՈੀэ၁ބՈੀэྟุေ گᄖ֤؟. ᆞၹູೂՎ, Ոੀэࢋ္іགྷԛ؟ޓႵ౿৯ – Ո – ಣ – ᯒކགྷའ. ಖط, ཌྷؓႿՈੀэ၁ބՈੀэྟุ, ଢభؓՈੀэࢋ֥ࠏ࣮ഉԩႿఏ҄ࢨ؍, ൌဒ ބં֥ࠒбࢠఴಌ. ႮႿ 3 ᇕՈੀэҋਘุ༢ᆭࡗႵࣅޓૡ֥৳༢, ఃՈੀэ ࠏ္Ⴕཌྷරᆭԩ, ၹՎྸ؟ႨႿՈੀэ၁ބՈੀэྟุ֥ൌဒඌބંଆ ॖၛᄝ࣮Ոੀэࢋൈࣉྛࢹ. ࢤ༯টࡼؓՈੀэҋਘ֥іᆘඌބՈੀэં ࣮ࣉᅚࣉྛࡥေۀඍ. 3.1 Ոੀэҋਘ֥ൌဒіᆘ ؓՈੀэҋਘ֥ൌဒіᆘ҂ࣇॖၛקਈֹܙҋਘ֥ྟି, ߎॖၛູં࣮ิ ܂сေ֥ҋਘҕඔѩဒᆣંࢲ֥ݔሙಒྟ, ൞࣮Ոੀэࠏ֥ࠎԤ. Ոੀэҋ ਘᄝ҂ࡆᄛ่ࡱ༯ (ሙ֥࣡ࡧ్aঘഥa෪ၛࠣࡧ్aࠪ֩) ֥ੀэྟି ൞ቋ൳ܱᇿ֥ྟି (ᆃ္൞ࡼՈૹᇆିೈҋਘᆰࢤଁູՈੀэҋਘ֥ᇶေჰ ၹ), ཌྷܱၹ (ೂՈӆa໑؇apH ᆴa॒৬ݣਈaնཬaྙሑ֩) ؓੀэྟି֥႕ཙࠏ ᇅ္֤֞ਔܼ֥࣮ٗ. ਸ਼ຓႮႿՈੀэҋਘ֥؟ӆཙႋหྟ, ఃՈ߄ྟିa࿐ྟ ିa֝ಣྟିၛࠣՈᇁഥ෪ྟି္֩൞Ոੀэҋਘ֥ᇗေіᆘଽಸ. ྸဝܻ, ྖ܁, ຣ఼, ਾབ, ࿆൯ : ՈૹᇆିೈҋਘࠣՈੀэࠏ 473 ଢభؓՈੀэҋਘᄝࡧ్ଆൔ༯֥ੀэྟି֥࣮ቋູܼٗ, ྸ؟ቋྍ֥അႨੀ э၎ (ೂ Anton Paar ܄ඳ֥ Physica MCR ੀэ၎ ބTA ܄ඳ֥ DISCOVERY ࠁކ ੀэ၎֩) ္൞ၛဢᄝࡧ్ଆൔ༯֥ྟିҩ൫ູᇶࣉྛഡ࠹֥. ၂ϮಪູՈੀэ၁ ᄝႵՈӆ่ࡱ༯֥ੀູྛॖၛႨ Bingham ෑྟੀٚӱট૭ඍ τ = τy + η γ̇, |τ | > τy τ = G0 γ, (2) |τ | < τy ఃᇏ τ ބγ̇ ٳљսіࡧ్ႋ৯్ࡧބႋэੱ. τ y ൞Ոӆཌྷܱ֥ࡧ్౹ڛႋ৯, η ൞ ෑྟᬪ؇, G0 ᄵіൕ౹ڛభҋਘ֥ࡧ్ଆਈ. ࡧ్౹ڛႋ৯၂Ϯ൞ᆷҋਘक़ڛఃЧ ദ֥Ԩэིႋؿളэྙࠇੀູ֥ྛቋཬႋ৯. ০Ⴈ Bingham ٚӱؓ࿈ሇࡧ్ଆൔ ༯Ոੀэ၁֥ႋ৯ބႋэੱ֥ܱ༢౷ཌࣉྛކॖၛ֤֞҂ՈӆቔႨ༯֥ࡧ్౹ ڛႋ৯. ၹՎࡧ్౹ڛႋ৯֥ՈӆཌྷܱྟॖၛቔູࡎՈੀэ၁֥Ոᇁੀэྟି֥ ᇗေᆷѓ (Fang et al. 2009, Fang et al. 2011, Iglesias et al. 2012, Kuzhir et al. 2011, Lopez-Lopez et al. 2012). 8 ൞Ոੀэ၁ᄝ҂ՈӆቔႨ༯్֥ࡧׅੀ౷ཌၛ ࠣ Bingham ଆ֥ݔࢲކ. ᆃᇕ္ٚمᆰࢤФႨটؓো၁Ոੀэࢋ֥ੀэྟି ࣉྛіᆘ (Fuchs et al. 2004, Fuchs et al. 2005, Wei et al. 2010). ંোܥߎ൞ো၁֥Ոੀэҋਘॖၛࡼఃቔູᬪྟҋਘট࣮, طᆒ֕ ࡧ్ଆൔ༯֥৯࿐ྟି൞ᬪྟҋਘ֥ᇗေੀэྟି. ๙ӈؓᬪྟҋਘീࡆ၂ 104 ࠾ߛᑨPa 103 2 10 0 kA/m 86 kA/m 171 kA/m 343 kA/m 101 100 100 101 102 ࠾ߛ⥛s-1 8 Ոੀэ၁ᄝ҂Ոӆ༯֥ࡧ్ႋ৯აࡧ్ੱ֥ܱ༢. ൌཌ൞ Bingham ଆ֥ࢲކ ( ݔFang et al. 2010) ৯ 474 ࿐ ࣉ ֻ 45 ज : 201508 ᅚ ۱ᆞ༿ࡧ్ႋэࠗৣྐݼ, ೂږৣࠗھݔᆴቀ( ཬܔ๙ӈಪູҋਘ֥ັࢲܒ҂߶Фࠗ ৣྐݼߊ), ࣼॖၛ֤֞၂۱ཌྷੱႵ၂קཌྷ໊ҵ֥ᆞ༿ႋ৯ཙႋྐݼ, Ⴟ൞ ૌࡼཙႋྐݼაࠗৣྐݼᄝگ૫ଽ֥бᆴקၬູҋਘᄝཌྟᬪྟࡗଽ֥ ৯࿐ྟି. ৯࿐ྟି൞࣮ՈੀэҋਘՈᇁັࢲܒဆ߄ࠏ֥ӈႨіᆘҕඔ. Ֆ ႋႨ֥࢘؇ࢃ, ն҆ٳཌྷܱ֥ႋႨఖࡱᇏ֥Ոੀэҋਘ൞ᄝᆒ֕ࡧ్ଆൔ༯۽ቔ ֥. ۷ᇗေ֥൞, ં൞ཝࢋ֥Ոੀэྟุߎ൞ো၁֥Ոੀэ၁ॖၛ๙ݖ ৯࿐ྟିࣉྛіᆘ (Claracq et al. 2004, Li et al. 2001), ၹՎᆒ֕ࡧ్ଆൔॖၛቔູ Ոੀэҋਘੀэྟି֥๙Ⴈіᆘٚم. ቔູࢺႿՈੀэ၁ބՈੀэྟุᆭࡗ֥ҋ ਘ༢, ଢభؓՈੀэࢋ (หљ൞োܥࢋ) эྟି֥ᇶေіᆘٚࣼم൞ᆒ֕ࡧ్ҩ ൫ (An et al. 2010, Mitsumata et al. 2012, Rao et al. 2010, Wu et al. 2011). ۴ऌഅႨ၎ ఖ֥ҩ൫ჰ҂, ᆒ֕ࡧ్ҩ൫Ⴛࡥູٳֆࡧ్ބ࿈ሇࡧ్ਆᇕଆൔ. 9 ൞ᄝႇ ݓTriton ඌႵཋ܄ඳิ ֥܂Tritec 2000 ಣࠏྀٳ༅၎ (Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer, DMA) ֥ࠎԤഈ֥ࣉڿॖၛൌགྷՈੀэҋਘᄝ҂Ոӆ༯ࡥֆᆒ֕ࡧ్ҩ ൫֥৯Ոᯒކҩ൫༢. طభ૫ิ֥֞ Anton Paar ܄ඳ ބTA ܄ඳ֥ੀэ၎ᄵॖၛປ ӮՈੀэҋਘᄝ࿈ሇࡧ్ଆൔ༯֥৯࿐ྟିҩ൫. ਆো၎ఖ֥ҩ൫ჰෙಖႵ෮ ҂, ൞ᄝࢠཬ֥ࠗৣᄛހ༯֤֥֞ࢲݔҵљѩ҂൞ޓն. ਸ਼ຓ, Ոੀэҋਘᄝࡧ్ ଆൔ༯֥ಿэູ߭ؓྛگႿ࣮Ոੀэࠏ္٤ӈႵϺᇹ (De Vicente et al. 2003, Li et al. 2002, Li et al. 2010, See et al. 2004, Xu et al. 2012). Ոੀэྟุ֥ঘഥބ෪ྟିॖၛّ႘ҕᄖਔՈྟ॒৬֥ཝࢋࠎุᄝ҂Ո ӆ༯ଆਈ֥э߄, ္ФܼٗႨႿՈੀэྟุ֥৯࿐ྟିіᆘ. Bellan ބBossis (2002) ၛ݁ཝࢋࠎ֥Ոੀэྟุູ࣮ؓའٳ༅ਔ॒৬҃ٳa॒৬ݣਈބՈӆ఼؇ؓҋ a b ࡼᗕᄺߚᵤҾ ḋક䪕㢃 LVDT ⬉⑤ 㒓 ⺕എথ⫳఼ 9 (a) ֥ࣜࣉڿݖಣࠏྀٳ༅၎( ބb) ࢲܒൕၩ ྸဝܻ, ྖ܁, ຣ఼, ਾབ, ࿆൯ : ՈૹᇆିೈҋਘࠣՈੀэࠏ 475 ਘঘഥྟି֥႕ཙ. ުটૌࢲކൌဒބႵཋჭ࠹ෘ֥ࢲٳݔ༅ਔՈੀэྟุ֥ Mullins ིႋ (ҋਘᄝሙ࣡࿖ߌࡆᄛݖӱᇏ֥ႋ৯ೈ߄གྷའ), ಪູࢲ֥߄ܒՈੀэ ྟุᇏ॒৬ุࠎྟބᆭࡗ֥ЉݖӱᄝঘഥᄛހቔႨ༯ဗ൦ଆਈ֥ཁᇷࡨཬᇏ ఏ֞ਔܱቔႨ, ᆃູࣼՈੀэྟุ֥Ⴊ߄ഡ࠹ิ܂ਔં၇ऌ (Coquelle & Bossis 2006). Varga ֩ (2006) ࣮ਔЇݣ҂॒৬҃ٳሑ (॒৬ෛࠏٳ֥۲ཟྟބ ӯ৽ሑ҃ٳ۲ཟၳྟ) ֥Ոੀэྟุᄝ҂Ոӆ༯֥෪ྟି (ೂ 10 ෮ൕ), ൌ ဒࢲؿݔགྷՈੀэྟุ֥෪ྟି҂ࣇ॒ބ৬҃ٳሑཌྷܱ (ࠧᄝཌྷࡆᄛ่ࡱ ༯۲ཟၳྟՈੀэྟุ֥෪ଆਈေۚႿ۲ཟྟ֥Ոੀэྟุ) ߎط൳Ո ӆٚཟაࡆᄛٚཟ֥႕ཙ, ఃᇏ֒Ոӆٚཟa॒৬৽ٚཟࡆބᄛٚཟ၂ᇁൈ (ࠧ 10 ᇏֻؽஆᇏࡗ֥ҩ൫ٚൔ) Ոੀэྟุ֥෪ଆਈބՈᇁིႋ൞ቋն֥. Fuchs ֩ (2007) Ԣਔ࣮ऊμᴁࠎՈੀэྟุ֥॒৬ؓ҃ٳః෪ྟି֥႕ཙ, ߎбࢠਔҋ ਘᄝႵՈӆބՈӆ่ࡱ༯෪౷ཌ֥ҵၳ. Վຓ, Kallio ֩ (2007) ބKoo ֩ (2010) ߎٳљ࣮ਔՈੀэྟุᄝᆒ֕ࠪଆൔ༯֥৯࿐ྟି, ᆃູՈੀэྟุ֥ႋႨ ิ܂ਔ٤ӈႵࡎᆴ֥ൌဒඔऌ. ୍࣍ট, Ոੀэ၁ᄝঘഥބ෪ଆൔ༯֥ੀэྟି္ ႄఏਔᄀটᄀܱ֥؟ᇿ, ࢲݔіૼࠪᄹ఼ིႋ߶ࠞնֹᄹࡆՈੀэ၁֥౹ڛႋ৯ (De Vicente et al. 2010, Guo et al. 2013, Mazlan et al. 2008a, 2008b, Ruiz-Lopez et al. 2012, Wang et al 2013). ಖط, ؓႿՈੀэࢋ֥ঘഥބ෪ྟି֥࣮ಏޓഒႵದБ Fx B Fx B ৠᗻ⺕ᬣᔍᗻԧ Fx Fx Fx Fx Fx B B B B B ᓖᗻ⺕ᬣᔍᗻԧ 10 ۲ཟྟބ۲ཟၳྟ֥Ոੀэྟุᄝ҂ՈӆቔႨ༯֥෪ଆਈ. Ϣॢྏࡰ սіᄛހീࡆٚཟ, ޑൌྏࡰսіՈӆീࡆٚཟ (Varga et al. 2006) ৯ 476 ࿐ ࣉ ᅚ ֻ 45 ज : 201508 ֡. ࠎႿՎ, Xu ֩ (2014) ؓՈੀэෑྟุ֥ࠪੀ( ູྛЇওሙ࣡෪ঘഥྛູ ބᆒ֕ࠪྛູ) ࣉྛਔ༢ֹൌဒ࣮. ࢲؿݔགྷሙ࣡෪ঘഥݖӱॖၛФٳ Ӯྟэྙaႋ৯ӿބෑྟੀ 3 ۱ࡗ, ෪౹ڛႋ৯ބঘഥ౹ڛႋ৯ؓՈӆa ॒৬॒ބ҃ٳ৬ݣਈۋૹٳ. Ոੀэҋਘ֥Ոૹྟିᇶေ൞Ⴎఃଽ҆Ոྟ॒৬֥Ո߄ྟିथ֥ק, ၹՎؓՈੀ эҋਘՈ߄ྟି֥іᆘؓႿࢳཌྷܱ֥Ոੀэࠏ٤ӈᇗေ. ॒৬֥ো (Fang et al. 2009, Lopez-Lopez et al. 2007, Mietta et al. 2012)a॒৬ุ֥ࠒб (Jolly et al. 1996) ၛ ࠣࢲ֥߄ܒՈੀэҋਘ֥ҩ൫ٚཟ (Boczkowska et al. 2007) ؓՈੀэҋਘ֥Ո߄ྟ ିႵሢᇗေ֥႕ཙ. Ոᇁഥ෪གྷའ൞ႮՈྟ॒৬აࠎุᆭࡗ֥৯Ոᯒིކႋႄఏ֥ (Bednarek 1999, Ginder et al. 2002, Guan et al. 2008), ಖطՈੀэྟุᄝခሢຓՈӆ ቔႨٚཟָ֞൞Фঘഥߎ൞Ф෪ଢభഉ( ંקGong et al. 2012a), ߎླေ۷ࡆധ ೆ֥࣮. ն҆ٳՈྟแԉ॒৬ (২ೂࠎํ॒৬ (Bica 2009, Bossis et al. 2001, Tian et al. 2011)a॒৬ (Kono et al. 2012, Leng et al. 2008)aၿЇ ֥ڭFe3 O4 ॒৬ (Mietta et al. 2012) ֩) ္ൈऎႵ֝ྟ, ၹՎն҆ٳՈੀэྟ္ุඋႿ֝ٳۚሰކگ ҋਘ. ᆃোՈૹ֝ٳۚሰކگҋਘ֥֝ྟ҂ࣇ൳॒֞֝৬֥ٳሑ॒ބ৬ ݣਈ֥႕ཙ (Leng et al. 2008), ߎطॖၛႮຓࡆՈӆࣉྛט॥, ऎႵ֥ׅՈቅིႋ (Kchit et al. 2009, Wang et al. 2009, Xu et al. 2013). ၹູՈӆט॥֥٤ࢤԨหᆘ, ֤Ոૹ֝ٳۚሰކگҋਘऎႵ٤ӈն֥ႋႨభࣟ. Վຓ, ؓՈੀэҋਘ֥ॆသ߄ྟ ି (Bednarek 1999)aରࣲྟ (Ulicny et al. 2007, Zhang et al. 2010) ֝ބಣྟ (Wu et al. 2010) ֥࣮֩ؓႿՈੀэҋਘ֥ൌ࠽ႋႨ္Ⴕ٤ӈն֥Ϻᇹ. 3.2 Ոੀэࠏ ৵࿃ཌྷ (ࠎุ) ٳބཌྷ (Ոྟ॒৬) ᆭࡗՈ֝ੱ֥ҵၳ൞ᄯӮՈੀэིႋ֥ᇶေ ჰၹ. ॒৬Ո߄ଆ (ࠧՈࠞሰଆ) ൞ଢభ௴ђࢤ൳֥ႨটࢳՈੀэ၁֥Ոᇁ ིႋ֥ັࢲܒଆ (De Vicente et al. 2011b). ೂޭݔֆ۱Ոྟ॒৬ଽ֥҆؟ٚཟࠞ ߄ (ࠧࡼັ֥ࠩՈྟ॒৬Чദࡥ߄ӮՈࠞሰ) ၛࠣਣ॒࣍৬ᆭࡗุ؟ՈཌྷቔႨ (ࠧᆺॉ੮ֆ৽ᇏཌྷਣ॒৬ᆭࡗ֥ՈཌྷቔႨ), ᄵᄝཌྟՈ߄ࡗଽ϶ູࣥ a ֥Ոྟ ౯ሑ॒৬֥Ոइູ m = 4πµ0 µcr βa3 H0 (3) ఃᇏ, µ0 ൞ᆇॢՈ֝ੱ, µcr ൞ࠎุ֥ཌྷؓՈ֝ੱ, β = (µpr − µcr )/(µpr + 2µcr ) ൞ਈ ֥۔Ո֝ੱᯒކҕඔ (ఃᇏ µpr ൞Ոྟ॒৬֥ཌྷؓՈ֝ੱ), H0 ൞Ոӆ఼؇. ෛሢՈӆ ֥ᄹࡆ, ॒৬Ո߄ղ֞Ўބሑ, ॒৬Ոइࣼ৫ႿՈӆ, ࠧ m= 4 πµ0 µcr a3 Ms 3 (4) ྸဝܻ, ྖ܁, ຣ఼, ਾབ, ࿆൯ : ՈૹᇆିೈҋਘࠣՈੀэࠏ 477 ఃᇏ Ms ൞ᆷ॒৬֥ЎބՈ߄఼؇. ๙ӈႄೆҕඔ λ টіᆘਆ۱ཌྷਣՈྟ॒৬ᆭࡗ֥ ՈཌྷቔႨିބಣି֥бᆴ (Rosensweig 1997) λ= 1 m2 1 πµ0 µcr β 2 a3 H02 = 4πµ0 µcr r3 κT 2κT (5) ೂ ݔλ ჹնႿ 1, ᄵඪૼ॒৬ᆭࡗ֥ՈཌྷቔႨჹჹնႿ॒৬֥҃ᄎ, ॒৬ࣼ߶ ခሢՈӆٚཟऊࠢྙӮ৽ሑࠇᇸሑ֥౼ཟັࢲܒ. ֒ԩႿੀሑൈ, Ոੀэ၁֥ੀэྟିԢਔაՈྟ॒৬ุ֥ࠒٳඔ φ ބλ ཌྷ ܱຓ, ߎაਸ਼ຓ၂۱ਈ۔ҕඔ Mn (ࠧ Mason ඔ) ཌྷܱ. ᄝ໗ࡧ్ੀᇏ, Mn קၬ ູቔႨᄝՈྟ॒৬ഈ֥ੀุ৯࿐ቅ৯࣡ބՈ৯֥бᆴ (Klingenberg 2007) Mn = 8ηc γ̇ µ0 µcr β 2 H 2 (6) ఃᇏ ηc ູࠎุ֥ᬪ؇ طγ̇ іൕࡧ్ႋэੱ. ౹ڛႋ৯ቔູՈੀэ၁ቋᇗေ֥ੀэҕඔ, Ֆ֥ܴ࢘ັބܴޡ؇նᇁॖၛࡼఃՈ ᇁིႋ֥ંଆູٳਆো. ܴޡଆ၂Ϯࡌഡ౯ሑaჵᇸሑࠇҪሑ֥नᄋ֥॒৬ٳ ҃ሑѩ۴ऌՈӆିቋཬჰࣉྛ֝ (Bossis et al. 1997). ၂Ϯᆃུၛັܴࢲܒ ૭ඍູࠎԤ֥ଆᆺॉ੮ਔᄝࢠཬႋэ༯॒৬ऊࠢࢲ֥ܒ۲ཟၳྟ, ܴັطଆᄵॉ ੮ਔ॒৬ᆭࡗ֥ཌྷቔႨ৯ (Ginder et al. 1996). ն؟ඔଆޭਔՈᇁ౼ཟࢲܒ ᆭࡗ֥ཌྷቔႨ৯ѩಪູ౹ڛႋ৯ᇶေ൞Ⴎ॒৬ᆭࡗ֥ՈཌྷቔႨ৯थ֥ק. ၹ Վ, ᆃུଆᄝ॒৬ݣਈࢠ֮ൈॖၛࢠ֥ݺყҩՈੀэ၁֥౹ڛႋ৯, ॒֒ط৬ݣਈ ࢠۚൈႮႿࡌഡ่ࡱ҂ᄜӮ৫, ၹՎ߶აൌဒࢲݔႵࢠնொҵ. 11 ൞֥ׅࣜֆ॒ ৬৽Ոࠞሰଆൕၩ. ֒ҋਘؿളࡧ్эྙൈ, ॒৬৽߶ෛሢؿള႘ഝэྙ, ္ ࣼ൞ඪ॒৬ᆺ߶ခሢ 11a ᇏࡰ෮ൕ֥ٚཟᄎ, ᆃࣼၩሢ҂ંэྙభު, ॒৬ ৽ᇏޅཌྷਣ॒৬ᆭࡗ֥ए൞ཌྷ֥. ࡌھഡࡥ߄ਔ౹ڛႋ৯֥֝ݖӱ, ၛՎ ູࠎԤॖၛ֤֞ᄝཌྟՈ߄ࡗଽՈੀэ၁֥ࡧ్౹ڛႋ৯ູ 3/2 τy = 2.31φµ0 Ms1/2 H0 (7) طᄝЎބՈ߄ࡗଽ τys = 0.086φµ0 Ms2 (8) བྷ༥֥֝ݖӱࠣཌྷܱҕඔ֥ඪૼॖၛҰᄇ Bossis ֩ለཿ֥ܱႿՈੀэࠏ֥ሸඍ ྟ໓ᅣ (Bossis et al. 2002). Jolly ֩ (1996) ࡼഈඍ֥ֆ৽Ոࠞሰଆᆰࢤႄೆ֞ՈੀэྟุѩؓఃՈᇁ ྟଆਈࣉྛਔყҩ, ં࠹ෘࢲބݔൌဒࢲࠎݔЧ໖ކ. Davis (1999) ္Ⴈھଆ ৯ 478 ࿐ a ࣉ ֻ 45 ज : 201508 ᅚ b a θ h↼ρ↽ H w δ ρ 11 Ոੀэ၁֥ࡧ్౹ڛႋ৯֥ֆ৽Ոࠞሰଆൕၩ: (a) ॒৬৽֥႘ഝэྙ; (b) ཌྷ ਣ॒৬֥ࡗए. (Bossis et al. 2002) ࠹ෘਔՈੀэྟุ֥Ոᇁࡧ్ଆਈѩؿགྷ॒֒৬ุࠒٳඔູ 27% ൈఃՈᇁଆਈቋ ն. ಖط, ھଆޭਔ॒৬ࠞ߄ުؓᇛຶ॒৬֥႕ཙ, หљ൞॒֒৬ݣਈࢠۚൈᆃᇕ ࡌഡࣼ߶ࡆնંଆაᆇൌ౦ঃ֥ҵए. Shen ֩ (2004) ၩ്֞ᆃ۱໙ีѩؓֆ৽ Ոࠞሰଆࣉྛਔྩᆞ, ྩᆞଆॉ੮ਔՈ߄ު֥॒৬ؓᇛຶ॒৬֥႕ཙ. Chen ֩ (2007) ᄝൌဒܴҩ֥ࠎԤഈิԛਔႵཋ৽Ӊં, ھં္ᆺିᄝ॒৬ݣਈࢠ֮ൈؓ ൌဒࢲྛࣉݔყҩ. ഈඍଆᆺॉ੮֞Ոྟ॒৬֥ཌྷቔႨ, ൞აՈੀэ၁҂֥൞, ᄝՈੀэ ྟุᇏཝࢋࠎุ߶ؓՈྟ॒৬Ӂളࢠ఼֥ჿඏቔႨ, طᆃᇕჿඏቔႨ߶॒ؓ৬ࡗ ֥ՈཌྷቔႨᄯӮ၂ק႕ཙ. ၹՎᄝࡹ৫Ոੀэྟุ֥ંଆൈॉ੮॒৬აࠎ ุᆭࡗ֥ᯒކቔႨ۷ކژൌ࠽౦ঃ. Ⴟ൞ Chen ބJerrams (2011) ൈॉ੮ਔ॒৬֥ Ոᇁ৯࿐ྟିaཝࢋࠎุ֥ᬪྟྟିၛ॒ࠣ৬ุࠎބᆭࡗ֥ࢸ૫߁၍ིႋ, ࡹ৫ਔ ۷ࡆ၂Ϯ֥Ոੀэྟุ৯࿐ଆ. ھଆॖၛؓ҂ุࠒބ҂ᇕোࠎุ֥Ոੀ эྟุ֥৯࿐ྟିࣉྛყҩ, ࢣൕਔᆜ۱ҋਘؓຓՈӆ֥ཙႋࠏ. ০Ⴈ৵࿃ ࢺᇉ৯࿐ંؓՈੀэྟุ֥৯ՈᯒࠏކࣉྛࢳӮ୍ູ࣍ট֥၂۱࣮൝ (Bustamante et al. 2008, Castaneda et al. 2011, Danas et al. 2012, Galipeau & Castaneda 2013, Rudykh & Bertoldi 2013, Yin et al. 2006). ෙಖࣜݖ҂ӱ؇֥ࡌഡࣉྛࡥ߄ު ಯಖေࣜگݖᄖ֥ඔ࿐֝Ҍି֤ԛཌྷܱࢲݔ, ൞ᆃུંଆିܔധೆࢣൕՈੀ эྟุଽ҆گᄖ֥৯Ոᯒࠏކ, ؓႿᆃোҋਘ֥Ⴊ߄ഡ࠹ބൌ࠽ႋႨऎႵᆷ֝ ၩၬ. ෙಖؓՈੀэ၁ބՈੀэྟุ֥Ոੀэࠏ࣮ၘࣜቓਔնਈ֥۽ቔ, ൞ؓ ྸဝܻ, ྖ܁, ຣ఼, ਾབ, ࿆൯ : ՈૹᇆିೈҋਘࠣՈੀэࠏ 479 Ոੀэࢋ֥ࠏ࣮ಏߎޓഒႵཌྷܱБ֡. ၂ٚ૫൞ၹູՈੀэࢋ (หљ൞োܥࢋ) ቔູ၂োྍྖ֥Ոੀэҋਘഉໃႄఏದૌ֥ܼܱٗᇿ, ਸ਼၂ٚ૫൞ၹູՈੀэࢋܥႵ ੀэྟି֥گᄖྟᄹࡆਔؓఃՈੀэࠏ࣮֥؇. োܥՈੀэࢋൈऎСਔՈ ੀэ၁֥॒৬ॖ၍ބྟՈੀэྟุ֥ັࢲ֥ܒ౼ཟ໗ྟק. ᆃਆᇕྟିՖଖᇕ ࢘؇ഈඪ൞ཌྷ “֥ ”؛, ൞ಏႻൈթᄝႿোܥ֥Ոੀэࢋᇏ. ֒Ոྟ॒৬ᄝ Ոੀэࢋ֥ࠎุᇏ၍ൈ, ۚٳሰࠎุ֥ᬪྟቅ৯ေჹჹնႿՈੀэ၁ᇏᄛ၁֥ቅ৯ (ᆃࣼၩሢՈੀэࢋ֥ Mason ඔေჹჹնႿՈੀэ၁), ၹՎՈੀэ၁ᇏ֥ཌྷܱં ޓႨটࢳՈੀэࢋ֥॒৬ऊࠢགྷའ. ಖطՈੀэࢋᇏۚٳሰࠎุؓՈྟ॒৬֥ᬪ ྟቅ৯ಏႻჹჹཬႿՈੀэྟุᇏ֥ཝࢋࠎุ॒ؓ৬֥ཋᇅቔႨ. ֒ീࡆՈӆު, ՈੀэྟุଽФ “֥ ”߄ܥՈྟ॒৬ᆺିᄝჰট໊ᇂ࣍ڸቓ֥ཬޓᄎ, طՈੀэ ࢋᇏ֥Ոྟ॒৬ᄵ߶۴ऌՈӆ఼؇ၛࠣຓࡆᄛ֥ހ౦ঃቓնږ؇֥၍, മᇀ֒ຓࡆ ՈӆٚཟڿэൈՈྟ॒৬߶ခሢྍ֥ՈӆٚཟᇗྍஆਙྙӮ৽ሑ౼ཟࢲܒ. ᆃུႵ ၩන֥หᆘ္֤ૌᄝ࣮Ոੀэࢋ֥Ոੀэࠏൈ҂֤҂ॉ੮ೈ֥ۚٳሰࠎุ Чദگᄖ֥ੀэྟି, ॒৬ᆭࡗЧദ֥ՈཌྷቔႨၛ॒ࠣ৬აࠎุᆭࡗႮႿնږ؇ཌྷ ؓᄎطӁള֥ଉ҈ིႋ֩, ॒ط৬ᇗྍஆਙުັࢲ“ ֥ܒऍն” ڿэ္߶֤ᆃো Ոૹᇆିೈҋਘ֥ંଆ֥ࡹ৫э֤۷ࡆ. ෙಖေಆ૫૭ඍՈੀэࢋ֥گᄖ৯Ոᯒູྛކᇗᇗ, ྸ؟ದߎ൞ᄝ၂ކק ࡌഡ֥భิ༯ؓՈੀэࢋ֥৯Ոᯒࠏކ֥ં࣮ࣉྛਔႧ֥ۍӇ൫. Han ֩ (2011) ၛ٤ޙಣ৯࿐ჰູࠎԤؿᅚਔ၂สӆંট૭ඍํୠࢋ֥Ո – ᬪྟି, ๙ݖඔᆴ࠹ෘٳ༅ਔํୠࢋؓ҂Ոӆ֥ཙႋ, طఃؓ࿖ߌՈӆ֥ཙႋ֥ൌဒࢲݔა ંყҩࠎЧഈ൞၂ᇁ֥, ᆃԉٳඪૼھંؓՈੀэࢋ֥৯Ոᯒࠏކ֥ಪ്ᄝ၂ קӱ؇ഈ൞ކ֥. Zubarev (2012) ০Ⴈѓሙ֥࠹࿐ٚمܙਔํୠࢋᄝခሢ Ոӆٚཟঘഥࠇ෪эྙު֥ሱႮି, ࢲݔіૼҋਘՈᇁэྙ֥ো (ഥӉߎ൞൬෪) Ⴎဢ֥Ԛྙሑ, ീࡆ֥ՈӆބՈྟ॒৬֥ݣਈࠣՈ߄หྟथק. Liu ֩ (2013a, 2013b) ߎ০Ⴈ॒৬ඣ֥ٳሰ৯࿐ٚم࣮ਔᄝ໗ՈӆቔႨ༯Ոੀэࢋ֥ଽ҆ ॒৬֥ဆ߄౦ঃ. ॒৬ࡗ֥ՈཌྷቔႨ৯๙ݖႄೆ၂۱֥ࣉڿՈࠞሰଆট૭ඍ, ھଆؓԩหљࢤ֥࣍ਆ۱Ոྟ॒৬бԮ֥Ոࠞሰଆ۷ࡆሙಒ, ุ֥ࠎطੀ эྛູᄵҐႨਔ Bingham ෑྟੀଆ. ๙࠹ݖෘ֥ٚܔିمീࡆ၂ུمᄝൌဒ ഈൌགྷ֥ࡆᄛٚൔՖ֤֞ط۷ࡆگᄖᄛࡱ่ހ༯֥ົັࢲܒဆ߄౦ঃ (ೂ 12 ෮ ൕ), ؓႿ࣮Ոੀэࢋ֥ັࢲܒဆ߄ࠏऎႵ٤ӈᇗေ֥ၩၬ. ০Ⴈھٚ࠹مෘ֤֞ ֥Ոᇁັࢲܒაൌဒܴҳ֤֥֞ࢲݔ٤ӈ໖ކ, ൞ႮႿીႵॉ੮॒֞৬ุࠎބᆭࡗ ֥ᯒིކႋၛࠣؓࠎุگᄖੀэྛູ֥૭ඍߎࡥݖֆ, ၹՎߎླؓ૭ඍҋਘଽ҆҂ ቆ֥ٳྛູ֥॥ᇅٚӱࣉ၂҄ྩᆞ. ৯ 480 a ࿐ ࣉ b ֻ 45 ज : 201508 ᅚ c d Z X X Y H H H Y 12 ຓՈӆቔႨ༯Ոੀэෑྟุ֥॒৬ັࢲܒဆ߄ݖӱ: (a) ҂ീࡆՈӆ֥Ԛሑ, (b) ຓՈӆა Z ᇠᆞٚཟྛ, (c) ຓՈӆა Z ᇠᆞٚཟӯ 45◦ , (d) ຓՈӆა Z ᇠڵٚཟ ྛ (Liu et al. 2013b) 4 Ոੀэҋਘ֥ႋႨ Ոੀэҋਘ֥ႋႨቋିุགྷᆃোҋਘห֥Ո॥ྟି֥ࡎᆴ, ္൞ؿᅚᆃোՈૹ ᇆିೈҋਘ֥ቋᇔଢ֥, ؓՈੀэҋਘ֥ൌဒіᆘࠏބ္࣮൞ູఃቋᇔൌགྷնܿ ଆႋႨቓሙС֥. ଢభؓՈੀэ၁֥ႋႨቋ္ູܼٗቋູӮඃ, Ոੀэ၁֥۽ቔଆൔ նᇁॖၛູٳ৯౺֥ੀଆൔ (္ӫູلଆൔ)aᆰࢤࡧ్ଆൔࠪބଆൔ 3 ো (ೂ 13 ෮ൕ) (De Vicente et al. 2011a, 2011b, Olabi & Grunwald 2007). ն҆ٳၛՈੀ э၁ູࠎԤ֥ႋႨ၎ఖ൞๙ݖՈӆটڿэఃଽ҆Ոੀэ၁֥ᬪ؇ࣉطղ֞ᇆି॥ ᇅ֥ଢ֥. Ոੀэ၁֥ႋႨఖࡱᇶေЇওࡨᆑఖaߏԊఖaކఖa॥ᇅބلದࠔ۽ ಽ֩ (Klingenberg 2001), ᄝၛՈੀэ၁ቔູ۽ቔࢺᇉ֥۲ᇕࡨᆑఖᇏॖၛᅳ֞Ոੀэ ၁ᄝ҂۽ቔଆൔ༯ࣉྛൌ࠽ႋႨ֥২ሰ. 14 ൞ LORD ܄ඳളӁ֥ᇶေႨႿࡹᇽ ࢲॆܒᆑ֥ࡧ్ൔՈੀэ၁ࡨᆑఖ (Jolly et al. 1999). ࡨھᆑఖ֥۽ቔࠃބุےೖ၂ ఏቔູՈਫ਼֥၂҆ٳ, ҐႨࠃࠩ؟ೖྙൔᄹࡆՈੀэ၁თ֥૫ࠒ, ᄝࢠཬ֥ཨۿݻ ੱ༯ࣼିࠆ֤ࢠն֥ቅୄ৯, Ֆطղ֞ਅࡨ֥ݺᆒིݔ. Carlson ֩ (1995) Б֡ਔ၂ᇕ ০ႨՈੀэ၁ࡨᆒඌ֥చӚቖ໊ࡨᆑఖ, ೂ 15 ෮ൕ. ᆃᇕࡨᆑఖඋႿلൔࡨᆑ ఖ, Ոੀэ၁ᄝل৯౺༯ࣉྛ۽ቔ, ๙ݖຓՈӆڿэՈੀэ၁֥ᬪ؇, Ֆط॥ᇅ ൻԛቅୄ৯֥նཬ, ࡼఃႨႿచӚ֥࿇ࡏ༢ॖၛննิۚνಆྟބൽൡྟ. ࠪൔ ֥Ոੀэ၁ࡨᆑఖᄝྛ֥ཬޓӱٓຶଽࣼॖၛӁള۷ն֥ቅୄ৯ (Farjoud et al. 2009, ྸဝܻ, ྖ܁, ຣ఼, ਾབ, ࿆൯ : ՈૹᇆିೈҋਘࠣՈੀэࠏ a b c ⺕എ ᅮᑇᵓ 偅ࡼय़ ⺕എ ⺕എ 481 偅ࡼ 䖤ࡼᑇᵓ 䖤ࡼᑇᵓ ⌕ࡼ ⺕⌕ব⎆ 偅ࡼ 䗳ᑺ ⌕ࡼ ⌕ࡼ ᅮᑇᵓ ᅮᑇᵓ ᅮᑇᵓ 偅ࡼ 13 Ոੀэ၁֥ 3 ᇕ۽ቔଆൔ: (a) لଆൔ; (b) ᆰࢤࡧ్ଆൔ; (c) ࠪଆൔ (De Vicente et al. 2011a) ⺕ᛳᑨ㒓 ⌕ࡼ ᮍ ⛁㝼㚔䇗㡖఼ ϝ㡖ᓣ⌏า ⺕⌕ব⎆ 14 ႨႿࡹᇽࢲ֥ܒՈੀэ၁ࡨᆑఖ (Jolly et al. 1999) 2011, 2012). 16 ൞ࠪൔՈੀэ၁ࡨᆑఖ֥ჰ (ݒӔဝ 2013), ֒ࠃೖۆഈ༯ᄎ ൈࣼ߶ࡼ໊Ⴟࠃೖุےބᆭࡗ֥Ոੀэ၁Ֆᇏྏཟඹᇛࠪ, Ոੀэ၁ੀٚཟԼ ᆰႿՈӆٚཟ, ቅୄ৯֥նཬ๙ڿݖэཌಁੀࣉྛט॥. ႮႿݖն֥ࡗ༣߶ཤԬ ݖՈੀэ၁۽ቔࡗ֥Ոӆնཬ, ၹՎ၂ϮࠪൔՈੀэ၁ࡨᆑఖ֥ྛӱݸ( ཬࢠ ਈࠩ). ԢՎᆭຓ, Ոੀэ၁ᄝಣԮ֝ (Heine et al. 2006)aലၻԮѬ (Donado et al. 2002)aࣚૡࡆ( ۽Kprdonski & Golini 2002) ބള၄࿐ (Liu et al. 2001) ֩ਵთ္Ⴕ ሢܼ֥ٗႋႨ. Ոੀэྟุᇶေᄝ౹ڛభࢨ؍๙ݖՈӆڿэఃଆਈটൌགྷᇆି॥ᇅ, ᄝॖཾט ൔ་ᆒఖ (Deng et al. 2006, Ginder et al. 2001, Liao et al. 2011)aచӚᇠө (Ginder et al. 2000)aᄮല॥ᇅ༢ (Farshad & Le Roux 2004)aۯᆒఖ (Blom & Kari 2008, York et al. ৯ 482 ࿐ ࣉ ֻ 45 ज : 201508 ᅚ a b ⬉⌕⑤ ⬉⌕⑤ ᆚᇕ䕈ᡓ ⺕⌕ব⎆ ᓔ݇ ֵোߚᵤ ໘⧚఼ ᑻԡ໘ᤃࡼֵো ᔍㇻ ֵোᛳᑨ఼ ⺕ᬣ䰏ሐ఼ 㒓 䱨ᵓ ⎆ټῑ 䕧ܹⱘᤃࡼֵো ᤃࡼ䕧ܹ 15 (a) Lord ܄ඳളӁ֥చӚቖၕࡨᆒ༢ࠣ (b) لൔࡨᆑఖჰ (Carlson et al. 1995) 䕈䖤ࡼᮍ ⺕㒓 㒓 ⺕⌕ব⎆ 16 ࠪൔՈੀэ၁ࡨᆑఖჰ (ݒӔဝ 2013) 2007)aԮۋఖ (Bica 2011, Kchi et al. 2009, Stepanov et al. 2013, Tian et al. 2011, Wang et al. 2009) ֩ਵთ֥ႋႨႵཌྷܱБ֡. 17 ൞ࠎႿՈੀэྟุ֥ᇶൔሱཾט ་ᆒఖ. Ոੀэྟุቔູھ་ᆒఖ֥ߞֆჭ, ๙ݖຓࡆՈӆڿэՈੀэྟุ֥ ې؇ࣉڿطэᆜ۱་ᆒఖ֥ܥႵੱ. Վຓ, ᄝᇉਈॶ࣡ބᇉਈॶᆭࡗνልਔ၂ᆺ ၻಁࠏ, ߶ࠏھ۴ऌࡨᆒི܂ิݔ၂֥קᇶ৯ղ֞ࡨཬቅୄ֥ଢ֥. ᄝਃ ྸဝܻ, ྖ܁, ຣ఼, ਾབ, ࿆൯ : ՈૹᇆିೈҋਘࠣՈੀэࠏ a b ᤃ㤵఼ ⺕⌕বᔍᗻԧ 483 ᤃ㤵఼ 㒓 ䷇偀䖒 ᇐ⺕ԧ オⳈᇐᴚ 㶎ᮟᔍㇻ ䷇偀䖒 ᑩᑻ ᑩᑻ 17 ࠎႿՈੀэྟุ֥ᇶൔሱཾט་ᆒఖ: (a) ჰ; (b) ൌ (Xu et al. 2010) ݇䯁⺕എ ᠧᓔ⺕എ ݇䯁⺕എ ぎ䱭ᠧᓔ ぎ䱭݇䯁 ぎ䱭ݡᠧᓔ 㥃⠽ᠽᬷ 㥃⠽䞞ᬒ 㥃⠽ᬊ䲚 18 ০ႨՈੀэࢋࣉྛူ൬ࠢބ٢֥ჰ (Liu et al. 2006) ֥ࡨᆒൌဒࢲݔіૼ, ᆃᇕᇶൔሱཾט་ᆒఖ֥ࡨᆒིݔбԮ֥Фൔሱཾט་ ᆒఖႵਔཁᇷิۚ (Xu et al. 2010). ෙಖՈੀэࢋ֥ऎุႋႨൌ২ཌྷؓࢠഒ, ൞ᆃোҋਘห֥Ոᇁྟିၘࣜႄ ఏਔದૌ֥ܱᇿ, ؓఃႋႨభࣟࣉྛᅚຬ֥ሸඍྟ໓ᅣ္ၘԛགྷ, ཌྷྐᆃᇕҋਘ ᄝದࠔ۽ಽaሱൡႋܻ࿐aሱჟࢲބܒള၄࿐۽ӱ (Їওቆᆮ۽ӱ࿐aူԮބ־ ٢aઽ߄קܥaδᆡᇍਏބೈᇅఖ֩) ֩ਵთ֥ႋႨࡼ߶Ӯູໃট֥࣮ಣׄ (Fuhrer et al. 2009, Li et al. 2013, Nguyen et al. 2012). 18 ࢳਔ০ႨՈੀэࢋ ࣉྛူ൬ࠢބ٢֥ࠏ (Liu et al. 2006). ቋषીႵՈӆൈ, Ոੀэࢋଽ֥҆Ո ྟ॒৬൞ෛࠏٳ֥, طಷ၁ᇏ֥ူ္ԩႿঔሑ. ֒ՈӆಖീࡆᄝՈੀэࢋ ৯ 484 ࿐ ࣉ ᅚ ֻ 45 ज : 201508 ഈൈ, Ոྟ॒৬ࣼ߶ᄝՈཌྷቔႨ৯֥౺༯ཌྷौ࣍ቋᇔྙӮ৽ሑ౼ཟࢲܒ, ֝ᇁ Ոੀэࢋଽ֥҆؟।ࢲܒຽ෪, ူطࣼ߶Фཋᇅᄝຽ෪ު֥Ոੀэࢋ֥ຩࢲ ܒᇏ, Ֆطղ֞ਔူऊ֥ࠢଢ֥. ֒ՈӆᄜՑӜಀൈ, Ոྟ॒৬߫֞گෛࠏٳ ҃ሑ, ႮႿ॒৬֥౼ཟݖӱطຽ෪֥؟।ࢲ္ܒᇯࡶ߫گ, ീࡆՈӆൈФჿඏ֥ူ Ⴛ߶ᇗྍঔ. ᆃဢၛՈੀэࢋູᄛุ, ๙ݖՈӆ֥षܱ॥ᇅൌགྷਔူ֥൬ࠢބ ٢. 5 ࢲંބᅚຬ Ոૹᇆିೈҋਘቔູ၂ᇕྟିॖט॥֥ିۿҋਘᄀটᄀֹ؟ႄఏਔದૌ֥ܼٗ ܱᇿ, ଢభၘषᅚਔնਈ֥ཌྷܱࠏބႋႨ֥࣮۽ቔ. ᆌؓ҂֥ൌ࠽ႋႨؿᅚఏ ট҂ᇕো֥Ոੀэҋਘ္ರၭӮඃ, ཁൕԛఃऍն֥ႋႨమ৯. ಖط, ԮՈੀэ ҋਘ֥ܥႵಌཊ (ೂՈੀэ၁֥Ӧࢆ໙ีaՈੀэྟุ֥ັࢲטܒ॥໙ีaՈੀэ ࢋቔູࢲܒֆჭ֥ӵᄛ໙ี֩) ӮູཋᇅఃնܿଆႋႨ֥࣠. ູՎ, ՖҋਘᇅС֥ ࢘؇, ၂ٚ૫ႋھᆌܥႵಌཊؓԮՈੀэҋਘࣉྛࣉڿ, ਸ਼၂ٚ૫ေؿᅚྍ֥ડቀ ൌ࠽۽ӱႋႨླ֥Ոૹᇆିҋਘุ༢, ࠇᆀᄝЌᆣՈӆॖט॥ྟି֥ࠎԤഈᇅС؟ ކگିۿᇆିҋਘ (ೂՈૹॆԊࠌٝҋਘaՈૹ֝ކگҋਘaՈૹ໑॥ཌྷэҋ ਘ֩). Ֆࠏ࣮࢘؇, Ոૹᇆିೈҋਘടࠣਔ৯ – Ո – ಣ – ؟ӆᯒູྛކ, མေ ࣚಒ૭ඍఃؓຓࢸࠗৣ֥ཙႋྛູޓ. ᇶေіགྷᄝೂ༯ٚ૫: ٳཌྷٳљᄝՈӆ ቔႨభު֥ሙಒ҃ٳ౦ঃބ۱ุ֥ྙሑԄժҵၳ֥૭ඍ; ՈੀэྟุބোܥՈੀ эࢋᇏۚٳሰࠎุЧദ֥Чܒଆ֥ࡹ৫; ՈྟٳཌྷุࠎބᆭࡗཌྷቔႨଆ; ັ ܴ؟ܴޡބԄ؇ଆ֥၂֩. ॉ੮֞ᆇൌ౦ঃ֥گᄖྟ, ଢభ၂Ϯᆌؓหљ໙ีࣉ ྛ၂߄ࡥ֥ק, ޭՑေၹࡹ৫ିܔնᇁّႋఃଖٚ૫ࠏ֥ࡥ߄ଆ, ࠇᆀ০Ⴈ ඔᆴ࠹ෘ֥ٚمট࣮ᆃোҋਘ֥Ոᇁັࢲܒဆ߄ݖӱ. ࣐ॖିॉ੮۷؟႕ཙၹ, ିܔൈ૭ඍ؟ᇕࠗৣཙႋྛູ֥گᄖଆ֥ࡹ৫ࡼ൞ໃট၂۱ᇗေ࣮ٚཟ. ཌྷྐ ෛሢؓՈੀэࠏ֥ಪ്҂؎ധೆބҋਘྟି֥҂؎ิശ, Ոૹᇆିೈҋਘᄝ۽ြਵ თ၂߶קൌགྷ۷նٓຶ֥ႋႨ. ᇁ ྆ ࡅݓሱಖ॓࿐ࠎࣁཛଢ (11502255, 11502256, 11372295) ބᇏ۽ݓӱ࣮ჽ ᇗׄ࿐॓ཛଢ “࠹ෘุܥ৯࿐” ሧᇹ. ҕॉ໓ང ӧਞ. 2009. Ոੀэྟุ֥ᇅࠣః৯࿐ྟି֥іᆘ. [Ѱൖં໓]. ކ٧: ᇏ॓ݓ࿐ඌն࿐ (Chen L. 2009. The development and mechanical characterization of magnetorheological elastomers. [PhD Thesis]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China). ၬ, ࣑, ڶ. 2001. ᇆିҋਘ༢ܒࢲބ. Кࣘ: ॓࿐ԛϱഠ (Du S Y, Leng J S, Wang D ྸဝܻ, ྖ܁, ຣ఼, ਾབ, ࿆൯ : ՈૹᇆିೈҋਘࠣՈੀэࠏ 485 F. 2001. The systems and structures of smart materials. Beijing: Science Press). ݒӔဝ. 2013. Ոੀэ၁مཟ৯ࠣࡨᆑఖ࣮. [Ѱൖં໓]. ކ٧: ᇏ॓ݓ࿐ඌն࿐ (Guo C Y. 2013. Study on normal force of magnetorheological fluid and magnetorheological damper. [PhD Thesis]. 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(ᄳщ: นഒ఼) ৯ 494 ࿐ ࣉ ֻ 45 ज : 201508 ᅚ Magneto-sensitive smart soft material and magnetorheological mechanism XU Yangguang1,† GONG Xinglong2,†† LIU Taixiang3 1 WAN Qiang1 XUAN Shouhu2 Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621999, China 2 Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China 3 Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China Abstract Magneto-sensitive smart soft materials are a class of multi-functional composite materials prepared by dispersing micrometer or nanometer sized magnetic particles into different carrier matrix. As external magnetic field may control the rheological properties in a continuous, rapid and reversible manner, these materials have wide applications in construction, vibration control, automotive industry, etc. In this paper, we first introduce the history and classification of magneto-sensitive smart soft materials, and analyze the characteristics and existing scientific issues for different kinds of such materials. Then we discuss the state-of-the-art for experimental and theoretical studies of the magnetorheological mechanism. Finally, we propose some future trends in this smart material development aiming at practical applications. Keywords magneto-sensitive smart soft material, magnetorheological mechanism, magnetic dipole theory, mechanic-magnetic coupling Received: 2 March 2015; accepted: 10 June 2015; online: 24 June 2015 † E-mail: 412xuyg@caep.cn †† E-mail: gongxl@ustc.edu.cn Cite as: Xu Y G, Gong X L, Wan Q, Liu T X, Xuan S H. Magneto-sensitive smart soft material and magnetorheological mechanism. Advances in Mechanics, 2015, 45: 201508 c 2015 Advances in Mechanics. ° ྸဝܻ, ྖ܁, ຣ఼, ਾབ, ࿆൯ : ՈૹᇆିೈҋਘࠣՈੀэࠏ 495 ྖ܁, Ѱൖ, ᇏ॓ݓ࿐ඌն࿐࣍ս৯࿐༢࢝൱aѰൖള֝ഽ, ᇏ॓ݓ࿐ჽ “ႄࣉݚຓࢭԛದҌ”(Ϥದ࠹߃) ೆ࿊ᆀ, ࢭࡅݓԛౝ୍॓࿐ࠎࣁࠆ֤ᆀ, ݓༀ ჽᆟکห൹ࣃ์ࠆ֤ᆀ. གྷᇏ॓ݓ࿐ඌն࿐ “ᇆିҋਘބᆒ॥ᇅൌဒ ൩” ڵᄳದaᇏݓ৯࿐࿐߶൙aᇏݓ৯࿐࿐߶ൌဒ৯࿐ህြჴ߶ᇶaੀ э࿐ህြჴ߶ჴaνߪസᆒ۽ӱ࿐߶ڬ൙Ӊa༵ࣉކگିۿҋਘ ඌݓٝ॓ᇗׄൌဒ൩ग़ቖ࢝൱aࠅᄙ॓࿐ࡅݓᇗׄൌဒ൩࡙ᆯ࢝൱auܥ ุ৯࿐࿐Бvщ߶ჴa uᆒაԊࠌvщ߶ჴ. 1993 ୍ࠆರЧ໓҆സ ࢂ࿐ࣁګರЧⱻზն࿐৳ކအ, 1996 ୍ѰൖиြުࣼᆯႿರЧѯ۽ြܢ ܄ٺඳ, Ӊ௹Ֆ൙ൌဒ৯࿐ބದ۽ҋਘࠣఃࣚૡఖࡱ֥ؿ. 2003 ୍ 2 ᄅ߭ ުݓ, ৫ቀႿࠎԤ࣮, ؿᅚۚ॓, ڛༀႿݓٝνಆࡅݓބᇗնླ, ᄝՈੀэҋਘ֥࣮ႋႨ֩ ٚ૫౼֤ਔ၂༢ਙӮݔ, “ۚ໗ݻۚקࡨᆒҋਘᇅСܱඌაልᇂष۽ࠣؿӱႋႨ” Ⴟ 2014 ୍ ؇ࠆ֤ࡅݓඌ( ࢂ֩ؽࢂૼؿ2/6). ଢభᇶေ࣮ٚཟູྍᇆିҋਘ֥ᇅaࠏa৯࿐ྛູ ֥࣮. ߭ݓၛট, ၘؿі SCI ൬ં໓၂Ϥ؟, Ф SCI ႄႨؽత؟Ց. ၘᄝݓଽФ൳ਔ 27 ཛૼؿህ০, ఃᇏ 20 ཛၘࠆ൱ಃ.
