The Nation’s
Diverse Latino Population
Mark Hugo Lopez
Director of Hispanic Research
August 20, 2014
The New Face of America
Ages 18-24
Asian
Asian
5%
13%
5%
Hispanic
20%
Hispanic
Ages 25 or older
57%
11%
Black
14%
Black
White
Source: Pew Research Center tabulations of the 2010 American Community Survey
68%
White
The New Face of America
Ages 0-5
Ages 6-17
Asian
Asian
4%
5%
25%
22%
51%
Hispanic
Hispanic
14%
Black
55%
14%
White
Black
Source: Pew Research Center tabulations of the 2010 American Community Survey
White
Hispanics are
the Nation’s Largest Minority Group
Population in millions
Four Decades of Growth
Source: U.S. Census Bureau.
Hispanic Growth Likely to Continue
(Largest “Minority” Since ~2001)
Population in millions
128
Middle "Baseline" Immigration
105
57
50.5
35
4.0
0
1950
22
15
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
Hispanic Share Rises to 29% by 2050
Percent of Total Population
3%
4%
5%
10% 11%
11%
6%
12%
6%
9%
12%
13% 14%
16%
13%
13%
19%
7%
23%
8%
26%
13%
9%
29%
13%
13%
14%
13%
87% 85% 83%
80% 76%
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
70% 67%
65%
2000
2005
White*
60%
2010
Black*
2020
Hispanic
Source: Pew Research Center population estimates & projections (2008). *Not Hispanic.
56%
2030
52% 47%
2040
Asian*
2050
Geographic Distribution of Hispanics
Population in millions
Geographic Distribution of Hispanics
Population in millions
Where Were Concentrations in 1980?
Almost All 15%+ Counties Along Border
14.6 Million Hispanics
6.4% of Total
1980
Source: Pew Research Center
1990
2000
2008
Where Were Concentrations in 1990?
Almost All 15%+ Counties Along Border, Still
22.4 Million Hispanics
9.0% of Total
1980
1990
2000
236 Counties
With 15%+
Hispanic
Source: Pew Research Center
2008
Where Were Concentrations in 2000?
Fast Growth Away from Border
35.3 Million Hispanics
12.5% of Total
1980
1990
2000
333 Counties
With 15%+
Hispanic
Source: Pew Research Center
2008
Where Were Concentrations in 2010?
Many Concentrations Emerge in Distant Areas
50.5 Million Hispanics
16.3% of Total
1980
1990
2000
464 Counties
With 15%+
Hispanic
Source: Pew Research Center
2010
Hispanic Population is Younger
Native-Born Hispanics are Younger
Diversity Within
the Latino Community
Ethnic Composition of Latinos, 2012
Mexican - 34.0
Puerto Rican - 4.9
64.2%
9.3%
Cuban - 2.0
3.7%
Salvadoran - 2.0
3.7%
Dominican - 1.6
3.1%
Guatemalan - 1.3
2.4%
Colombian - 1.1
2.0%
Other
Source: 2012 American Community Survey
11.6%
Hispanic Origin Composition, 2010
Salvadoran
Mexican
34%
13%
New York
27%
33%
3%
39%
6%
31%
21%
12%
78%
62%
Other
16%
9%
16%
7%
Atlanta 4%
Dominican
54%
6%
Washington
Los Angeles
Cuban
65%
U.S.
Miami
Puerto Rican
7%
Source: Pew Research Center tabulations from the 2010 American Community Survey.
21%
Three Great Waves of Immigrants
(% of total)
European
Latin American
Northern Europe Wave,1840-1889
Asian
88
12
88
33
(14 million)
Southern/Eastern Europe
Wave,1890-1919
(18 million)
Modern Wave,1965-Present
12
50
28
(40 million+)
Notes: Immigrants from Canada and other areas not shown.
Sources: Pew Research Center analysis of Integrated Public Use Microdata Samples for 1980,1990, and 2000 Censuses
and 2008 American Community Survey. 1840-1919 numbers from Table 2 of Yearbook of Immigration Statistics,2008.
Office of Immigration Statistics.
Where Each State’s Largest Immigrant
Population Was Born, 1910
Where Each State’s Largest Immigrant
Population Was Born, 2010
From Germany to Mexico, 1850 to 2010
The Share of U.S. Hispanics Who Are
Foreign Born is in Decline …
%
60
54.0
47.5
50
40
55.0
Hispanic adults
49.8
38.7
40.1
35.7
30
All Hispanics
39.8
35.5
28.3
20
10
0
1980
Source: Pew Research Center.
Unauthorized
immigrant children
1990
2000
2012
Sources of Hispanic
Population Growth, by Decade
U.S. births
Immigration
9.6
8.1
7.0
6.5
5.6
4.4
3.1
3.1
Unauthorized
immigrant children
1970s
Source: Pew Research Center.
1980s
1990s
2000s
Hispanic Births Exceed Immigrants Since 2000;
Percent Foreign-Born Has PEAKED
Hispanic Births (millions)
Hispanic Immigrants (millions)
% Foreign-Born for Hispanics
35%
40% 40%
40%
38%
36%
19.3
33%
16.5
28%
13.9
11.3
18%
8.1
7.0
14%
9.0
7.3
7.7
8.4
9.3
10.3
5.6
4.4
3.1 3.1
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
Source: Pew Research Center population estimates & projections (2008).
2010s
2020s
2030s
2040s
Primary Language Use among Latinos
(%)
Spanish dominant
All Hispanics
Bilingual
38
English dominant
38
24
Hispanics by generation
First
61
Second
Third and higher
8
1
Source: 2011 National Survey of Latinos
33
53
29
40
69
6
Share Who Speak Spanish
at Home is Projected to Decline
% among Hispanics ages 5 and older
90
80 75
Spanish spoken
at home
74
70
70
60
66
50
40
25
30 23
20
10
0
1980
34
29
Only English spoken
Unauthorized
at home
immigrant children
1990
Source: Pew Research Center, 2012
2000
2011 2015
2020
Latinos and Their Views of Identity
Which Term Do You Use
Most Often to Describe Yourself?
Family's
country of
origin
51%
Source: 2011 National Survey of Latinos
Hispanic/
Latino
24%
American
21%
Mixed Views about Identity
(%) “Hispanic” versus “Latino” Preference
No Preference
Hispanic
51
Latino
33
14
Views on a Shared Hispanic Culture
U.S. Hispanics have many different cultures
U.S. Hispanics share a common culture
69
29
Racial Identification among Latinos
Some other race
26
Hispanic/Latino (Vol.)
25
White
Black/Other
36
Do You Think of Yourself as a Typical American?
Typical American
47
Source: 2011 National Survey of Latinos
Very different from typical American
47
10
Which Term Do You Use
Most Often to Describe Yourself?
(%)
Family's country of origin
Hispanic or Latino
51
All Hispanics
24
American
21
Hispanics
by generation
62
First
43
Second
Third and higher
28
28
Source: 2011 National Survey of Latinos
18
21
35
48
8
Hispanics and Identity:
Which Term is Used Most Often?
Hispanic origin term
All Hispanics
Hispanic/Latino
Dominican
66
Cuban
63
57
Puerto Rican
55
Other Central American
54
16
17
11
21
21
21
14
49
Source: Pew Research Center national survey of Hispanic adults, May 24-July 28, 2013
19
16
60
Mexican
Salvadoran
23
20
54
South American
American
27
36
28
15
12
Typical American or not?
A typical
American
All Hispanics
Very different from
a typical American
49
44
Puerto Rican
57
38
Cuban
55
37
Dominican
53
40
Mexican
48
46
South American
46
48
Salvadoran
35
Other Central American
33
Source: Pew Research Center national survey of Hispanic adults, May 24-July 28, 2013
51
56
Shared Values Between U.S.
Hispanics and the Home Country
A lot
Some
All Hispanics
Only a little/almost nothing
38
Salvadoran
56
Other Central American
South American
34
25
20
46
42
23
26
22
31
23
Dominican
38
36
24
Mexican
37
35
26
Cuban
36
Puerto Rican
34
26
36
43
Source: Pew Research Center national survey of Hispanic adults, May 24-July 28, 2013
22
Views of Shared Values
among U.S. Hispanics
A lot
Some
All Hispanics
Only a little/almost nothing
39
Salvadoran
39
51
Dominican
44
Other Central American
43
Cuban
40
Mexican
38
South American
38
Puerto Rican
36
19
23
22
39
26
34
41
37
Source: Pew Research Center national survey of Hispanic adults, May 24-July 28, 2013
46
14
27
24
18
23
16
Latino Trends
Share of Adults who Reside in
Cellphone-Only Households, 2004-2013
50%
Latinos
39%
Black, NH
35%
25%
White, NH
6%
'Mar- 'Sep- 'Mar- 'Sep- 'Mar- 'Sep- 'Mar- 'Dec- 'Jun- 'Dec- 'Jun- 'Dec- 'Jun- 'Dec- 'Jun- Dec- Jun- Dec- Jun04 04 05 05 06 06 07 07 08 08 09 09 10 10 11 11 12 12 13
Source: National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey
Number of Children in Poverty,
1976-2012
In thousands
7,000
5,976
6,000
WHITES
5,000
4,782
4,000
4,201
BLACKS
3,000
2,000
HISPANICS
1,000
0
1976
1979
1982
1985
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
2009
2012
Homeownership Rates, 1995-2011
White
75.9
Asian
60.8
73.7
70.5
58.1
49.8
49.1
Hispanic
48.3
41.9
Black
47.4
45.1
42.1
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
Source: Pew Research Center analysis of Current Population Survey (CPS) data, 1995-2011.
2011
Intermarriage Trend, 1960-2010
(% of marriages involving spouses of a different race or
ethnicity from each other)
15.1
14.5
15
Newly married
10
11.2
8.3
6.8
6.7
8.4
8.0
4.5
4.0
5
2.4
0
1960
1970
3.2
1980
Currently married
1990
2000
2010
Source: Pew Research Center analysis of the Decennial Census and American Community Survey (ACS) Integrated
Public Use Microdata Sample (IPUMS) files
Intermarriage Rates, by Race and Ethnicity, 2010
% of newlyweds married to someone of a different race/ethnicity
25.7
27.7
17.1
9.4
White
Black
Hispanic
Asian
Source: Pew Research Center analysis of 2010 ACS Integrated Public Use Microdata Sample (IPUMS) files
Civilian Labor Force,
2011 and Projected 2050
(in thousands)
2011
2050
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
Total
Hispanic
NH White
Black
Asian
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Labor Force Characteristics by Race and Ethnicity, 2011 and A
New Look at Long-term Labor Force Projections to 2050
Contact Information
Mark Hugo Lopez
Director of Hispanic Research
mlopez@pewresearch.org