Zazaki notes
Fonts: Times New Roman, SILDoulos IPA93 I didn’t do the numbering for isolated vocab items, so it starts up a couple of pages along. The initial /t/ in second-person singular pronouns is always aspirated – I didn’t indicate
that in transcription. Random stuff from the start of class
rÔ?nd(D),
tÔ
sDnD?na?
(I’m) fine, and you well?
dina?rD se?bi?
What happened to them?
memanda?r
id
ima?nD
ramaza?n
(ya)xøzÔr
a job – a person who likes guests
holiday
faith, religion Ramadan ?Alevi, god or angel(s)
Dz khuna?r? a
rakhyut-D?nD
rauRt-D?nD
ra?vazD
I am sleeping
to sleep, sleeping
to wake up Wake up! (imperative)
bÔ mbarD?k bo blessed Phonological rules:
1) H ‚ i / __ ki
2) D ‚ e / __ C i
cf. tRHm ‘eye’ ‚ tRHmi, *tRimi
unless C is q. cf. hDq ‘god’ ‚ hDqi, *heqi
Rule 1 feeds Rule 2. No regression past previous vowel.
We concluded that what we had previously thought were two rhotic phonemes were
really just one rhotic trill, which is devoiced in final position. There is also a flap. We
have not been consistently distinguishing between the two in transcription – but the flap
is far more common, so that is what /r/ represents unless otherwise noted.
Words with trilled r
bÔr(i)
forest(s)
mar(i)
snake(s)
mer(i)
mice
also mor(i)
We also confirmed the existence of a voiced uvular fricative.
barda?Õ
xaÕ
qax
khaÕ
xeÕ(i)
xer(i)
bDq
qDbul
glass
waist, ?muscle
dried apple
weed
crazy person (people)
favor(s)
frog
favor
to
you
zaf
very
xe?r-i
favor-pl
hDq
god
xe?r-e
favor-ez
to
you
hD?q-i bD?q-i a?rde
god-pl frog-pl brought
gawa?n
Ru^anD?
bDrxva?n
varDk
bÔz
bÔzDk
bDran
mi?D
mu?yD
phÔrtR
mi?ya phÔrtRÔ?nD
qantÔrD
va?rÔk
tRutRÔ?k
tRÔtRÔ?k
dDwD?
dewi?D
dD?wD
khyD?rdi
did
You did a lot of favors.
qDbu?l
?present
khyD?r-o
do-optative
dina?
world
Gods created frogs.
May God accept your favor.
cowherd
shepherd
lambherd (bDrx ~Kurmanji ‘lamb’)
lamb kid baby goat (smaller than kid?)
ram
ewe
strand of hair
wool
woolbearing sheep Ô?n(D) adjectivizing suffix
mule
rooster, 1 or 2 years old chick breast
male camel pl – dewi?
she-camel
pl – dewi?
village
pl – de?wi
Contrastive stress – it falls on last stem vowel, but not on feminine suffix.
Hiatus resolution:
dDwD? + i ‚ dewi?
camel pl
Dz
I
dDwD? + D ‚ dewi?D
camel fem
dDwD? hern-D?na
camel buy-pres/fut
I will buy a male camel.
dDwD? da
camel bit
me?rik-i
man
dewi?-D
camel-fem
vi?lÔkD wD?rdD
flower ate
The female camel ate the flower.
dew-i?
camel-obl
vi?lÔkD wD?rdD
flower ate
The male camel ate the flower.
dD?w-a
village-ez
gÔ?rs-D
big-fem
hDga?
field
gÔ?rs-o
big-masc
ra
on
The male camel bit the man.
dewi?-a
gÔ?rsD
camel-ezfem big
dDw-o
gÔrs
camel-ezmasc big
The field is big. Stress retraction to avoid clash? Cf. hDga? rÔndD?ko
“the field is nice”
hDga?-o
gÔrs
field-ezmasc big
a big field
hDga?-i
hDga?-D
field-ezpl
gÔ?rs-i
big-pl
fields
big fields
hDga?-i
field-pl
gÔ?rs-e
big
The fields are big.
ramD?no
“lead”
I plow the field.
Dz
I
hDga?
field
Dz
I
dDwra?nD
xo
happy, free (orig. ‘timespan’) self
52)
tRDnD?k-a
girl-ez
rÔndD?k-D
pretty-fem
ama
left
The pretty girl left.
53)
tRDnD?k-a
girl-ez
rÔndD?k-D
pretty-fem
vi?lÔkD wD?rdD
flower ate
The pretty girl ate the flower.
ramD?no
lead
54)
layik-i-e
boy
gÔ?rsi
big
55)
layÔk-a?-n-D
gÔ?rs-a
boy-obl-n-ez big-obl
vi?lÔkD wD?rdD
flower ate
The big boy ate the flower.
vi?lÔkD wD?rdD
flower ate
The big boys ate the flower.
Why epenthetic /n/ here? Cf. hDga?D ‘fields’ above, same context, none.
56)
qDlDm-i-ne
pen-pl
57)
mÔ
me
kÔta?b da
book gave
tRDnD?k-D/a
girl-fs/fpl
58)
mÔ
me
kÔta?b da
book gave
tRDnD?k-a
girl-ez
rÔndD?k-D
pretty-f
I gave the pretty girl a book.
59)
mÔ
me
kÔtha?b da
book gave
layikie
boy
rÔndD?k-i
pretty
I gave the pretty boy a book.
60)
layÔk
boy
xo-sD?ra-o
self-on-is (~upright, handsome)
61)
kÔtha?b-e
book-ez
kÔtha?b-e
book-ez
kÔtha?b-e
book-ez
kÔtha?b-e
book-ez
kÔtha?b-e
book-ez
kÔtha?b-e
book-ez
kÔtha?b-e
book-ez
62)
63)
64)
65)
66)
67)
tRDnDk-a?-n-e
girl-oblpl-n-are
mÔ?-n-o
me-n-ez
tu?^y-o
you(sg)-ez
de?-o
him-ez
da?-o
her-ez
ma?-o
us-ez
Rima?-o
you(pl)-ez
dina?-o
they-ez
gÔrs
big
gÔrs
big
gÔrs
big
gÔrs
big
gÔrs
big
gÔrs
big
gÔrs
big
The pens, they’re of the girls.
I gave the girl(s) a book.
The boy is handsome.
has reflexive, so can’t be attributive?
my big book
mÔ
your (sg) big book
to
his big book
de
her big book
da?D
our big book
ma
your (pl) big book
Rima?
their big book
dina?
When two identical vowels are adjacent, the first one raises:
dDwD + D ‚ dewiD
tho + o ‚ thu?^y-o
Then /u/ fronts after a coronal. Cf. lu^lÔkD and Ru^RD below (though su?kD seems to be an
exception). Doesn’t happen just whenever /u/ and /o/ are brought together by hiatus – see
Ss 10, 11 and 15 below, with coordinated pronouns.
61)
62)
mÔ?-n-o
me-n-and
tu?^y-o
you-and
bra?D xo
brother self
bra?D xo
brother self
me and my brother
you and your brother
Conjoined nouns always in oblique?
63)
mÔ
I
thu^y-o
you-and
bra?D xo/tho?-re
brother self/you-for
kÔtha?b herna
book bought
W/xo: I bought a book for you and my brother.
W/to: I bought a book for you and your brother.
64)
tu^y-o
bra?D xo
bere tRD-ma
you-and
brother self
come house-our
You and your brother come to my house.
xo – subject-oriented.
BREAK
lu^lÔkD
fiRta?n
su?kD
Ru^RD
muskha?r
mus
thÔrk(i)
tu^rki
pupil (of eye)
dress (noun)
city (no /u/-fronting)
bottle
teacher
learn
Turk(s)
Turkish (language)
1)
Dz
zDderi suka?-n-e
I
usually city
I usually live in big cities.
2)
3)
4)
gyDga?nD
qD
Dz
qD
I
never
sometimes
never
ne?-Riya
no-went
gÔrsa?
big
dD-mD?nda
in-live
also rodYDrodYDra (restricted use)
I never went (double negative).
5)
to
rodYDrodYDra? mÔ-ra phDrs
you
never
me-for question
You never ask how I am.
6)
phD?rs-a
mÔ
D?sta
question-ez me
is
I have a question (lit. my question exists).
7)
to
rodYDrodYDra? xatÔ?r-D
mÔ
you
never
condition-ez me
You never ask about my condition.
8)
to-re phD?rsa
mÔ
you-forquestion
me
I have a question for you.
9)
phD?rs-e
de
to
mÔ-?re D?sta
question
any
you
me-for is
Do you have any questions for me?
10)
tu^?y-o
bra?D xo
vazd-D?ne
you-and
brother self
run-pres
You and your brother are running.
o o a vazd-D?ne
he and she are running
11)
mÔ
a-u-o
me
she-and-he
I kissed he and she.
12)
e-o-a?D
Dz
pa?tRi khyD?rda
him-and-her I
kiss did
He and she kissed me.
13)
mÔ?-n-o-to
(ma) o/dD?st-D
dina?
me-and-you we
he/hand-ez
their
You and I, (we) kissed him/their hand.
14)
mÔ-n-o tu^y-o dD
ma
dD?stD dina?
pa?tRi khyD?rd
me-and-you-and-him we
hand-ez their kiss did
Me and you and him, we kissed their hand.
15)
o-o-a
he-and-she
ne
neg
khyDrd
do
phDrs
question
D?sta
is
pa?tRi khyD?rd
kiss did
ma-re tRai
we-for tea
na sDr
put on
pa?tRi khyD?rd
kiss did
ne
neg
khyDrd
do
He and she put on (~boiled) the tea for us.
16)
mÔ-n-o bra?D xu^y-o de
ma phya
Rime mDktD?bD
me-andbrother self-and he
we together went school
Me and my brother and him, we went to school together.
17)
to
o
pa?tRi khyD?rd
you
he
kiss did
You kissed him.
NB – no raising of first /o/ in hiatus when a syntactic boundary is present. See
also 10, 11, 15.
18)
ma
Yu^
mÔni pa?tRi khyD?rd
we
one/each
other kiss did
We kissed each other.
useyni-o
mDhDme?di
khÔtha?b da
Yu^ mÔni
Husayn-and Muhammad book gave each other
Husayn and Muhammad gave each other books.
19)
kha?mi khÔtha?v da
to
who book gave you
Who gave you the book?
20)
to
tRÔ
da
mÔ
you
what gave me
What did you give me?
21)
tÔ
tRÔ
dana mÔ
you
what give me
What will you give me?
22)
to
khÔtha?b da
kha?mi
you
book gave who
Who gave you the book?
24)
kha?mdYi
khÔtha?b tÔ
dana mÔ
which book you
give me
Which book will you give me?
‚ Rising intonation on kha?mdYi
25)
tÔ kha?mdYi khÔtha?b dana mÔ
as above
26)
kha?mdYi
khÔtha?v-o
kD
tÔ
dana mÔ
which book-is
that
you
give me
Which book is it that you will give me?
27)
tÔ tRÔ dana mÔ
?? tRÔ tÔ dana mÔ
What are you giving me?
28)
mÔ
tai
tRi
her(i)nai
me
some things bought
I bought some things (non-specific).
29)
mÔ
tai
tRÔ-mi her(i)nai
me
some things bought
I bought some things (specific).
30)
mÔ
Ri
tai
tRi
her(i)na
me
went some things bought
I went to buy some things (non-specific).
31)
mÔ
Ri
tai
tRÔ-mi her(i)nai
me
went some things bought
I went to buy some things (specific).
32)
to
khÔtha?v da
kha?mdYi
you
book gave which
Which girl gave you the book?
33)
kha?mdYi
tRDnD?k-a
*(kD)
which
girl-is
that (oblig)
Which girl is it that gave you the book?
34)
35)
… to khÔtha?v da dYÔ
… to khÔtha?v da da?D
… to khÔtha?v da de
36)
*no kha?mo kD to khÔtha?v da
no
kha?m-o
kD
to
this
who-is
that
you
Who is it that gave you the book?
37)
*khÔtha?be dYD D?sto
khÔtha?be
de
tRÔ
+ i ‚ tRi
thing pl
tRDnD?kD
girl
to khÔtha?v da dYÔ/*da?D
you book gave ~resumptive pronoun
‚ rp can be woman or man, but must be singular
‚ rp is f. sg.
‚ rp is m. sg.
D?sto
khÔtha?v da
book gave
dYÔ
rp
book-ez
him is
He has a book (his book exists).
38)
* kha?mdYi
cf. 33
tRDnD?kD
to khÔtha?v da
dYD