I4E'i. t1Ns.efs1J FISH CcttlISSION OF OREGON ANNUAL PROGRESS PROGRESS REPORT Period Covered: Covered: Period July 1, 1, l96741arch 1967.March 31, 31, 1968 Project Title: Title: Prepared by: by: Oyster Oyster 1iorta1ity Mortality Study G. Gibson Gary G. U. U. S. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Bureau of Commercial Connercial Fisheries Contract: 14.17-0001-1739 14-17-0001-1739 Contract: March 1969 TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS TABLE OF Page No, Pase No. INTRODUCTION. INTRODUCT ION. . . •. ,• * · METHODS AND hATERLALS . I4ETHODSANDliATERIALS . * . . . .• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a a 0 * 0 0 a Descriptionof stations,...... . · Descrietion of stations Shell growth. growth. • index • Condition index • • • Histolosical samples. Histological samples. • Hydrographicdata. Hydrographic data • a.. a • . . a . . . . . a * a * ... . RESULTS RESULTS. . ltortality Mortalitx a . . . . a . . a . a 0 a •a * . . a . S • a * a · . . . * . a a . * . a . a a . . a * . . . . . a * · * · . a a * . . a . a . . . * APPENDIX. . •a a . . . * •. . * • * a * * a a . . 0 . . . . . . . . . a a • . . a a a * S * * . . . . . . * . . a a a a a * a . a . a • • • a ao• a. a • . 5 a a . a a a a * a . a a a a . * . . . •. . .• . . . •. •. •. . . . . . . . . * a . . a a . * a . a a •a • • a * a * a a a • S S a • * . . . • * a . . . . . • a a . . a . a •a a a a a • •a •a •a •a * a a •a • . * .• . . . . * * * . * . . * . • a• • • * a a * • • a.• a...... a * • a . . a * a a . . * * . a * . . 4 . . a * • . . . • . * •* . a . •a a• a• . a •a . •a •a •a . 11. 1 11 3 3 3 3 3 4 a • • a * •a · S M.iARY • SUMkI.ARY 4 a a . S • . . S a Yaguina Yaguins Bay BSI •. .• .• .• . •. Coos Coos and and Tillainook Tillamook bays baxs . . . .• . . Shell growth. srowth. * . •. •. . Y aguina Bay * Yagulna BaX .• • Coos_and Tillainook bays Coos and Tillamook baxs . •a Condition index index •a a •a Yaquina Bay Bay •. .• .• . . . . . . . . . Tillamook and and Coos Coos bays ba;fs • a• . •, Tillainook • Histological samples. Histolosical s~les. •. . Hydrographicdata. Hxdrograehic data • a • a...... . • a . 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 t 7 7 8 LIST OF OF TABLES TABLES Table No. No. Page No. No. 1. Mean condition condition index index for for native native and and Pacific Pacific oysters oysters in in 1. Mean Yaquina Bay Bay and and for for Pacific Pacific oy8ters oysters inin Tillaniook Tillamook and and Yaquina Coos bays, bays, July July 1967 1967 to to March March l968..................... 1968..................... 66 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURES Page No. No. Page Fisure No. 1. Yaquina Bay, Oregon, showing location of 1. Bay, Oreson, of the oyster mortality stations..................................... mortality stations... . . . . . . . * . . . a . . . . . a .. . * . . . . . e0 . . . . 2 2 LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES Appendix Table Page Pase No. No. A. A. Salinities (o/oo) (0/00) from Yaquina Bay, Bay. December 19871967­ March 1968 1968 (values (values at at high high tide tide unless unless noted).......... noted).......... 9 9 Temperatures (F) (F) from from Yaquina Yaquina Bay, Bay, December December 19671967­ Temperatures March 1968 1968 (values (values at at high high tide tide unless unless noted).......... noted).......... 10 10 C. Dissolved oxygen oxygen (ppm (ppm at at tray tray level) level) from fromYaquina Bay, Yaquina Bay, C. Dissolved (values at at high tide tide unless unless December 1967-March 1968 1968 (values noted)................................................. noted) . . . * . . . . . . * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * . . . . . 11 11 D. (ft) from Yaquina Bay, December B. Secchi disc readings readings (ft) Yaquina Bay, 1967-March 1988 1968 (values (values at at high high tide tide unless unless noted)..... noted)..... 11 11 B. B. E. Hydrogen ion ion (pH) (pH) values values from from Yaquina Bay, Bay, December December E. 1967-March 1988 1968 (values (values at at high high tide tide unless unless noted)..... noted)..... F. Surface temperatures temperatures and and salinities salinities from from the the Tillamook F. Surface and and Coos Coos Bay Bay stations, stations, December December 1967-March 1968 (values (values at at law low tide)........................................... tide)........................................... 12 12 12 12 Annual Progress Report Oyster Mortality Study INTRODUCTION Objectives of Oregonls Oregon's Oyster Hortality Mortality Study from July 1, 1, 1967­ 19671968, were: were: March 31, 1968, (1) (1) to to monitor monitor oyster mortalities to detect aa possible increase in mortality rate, rate, (2) (2) to collect hydrographic data comparison with data data from from areas areas where where high high oyster oyster mortalities mortalities occur, occur, for comparison and and (3) (3) to to furnish furnish oysters oysters from from aa relatively relatively mortality-free mortality-free area area to to the University of Washington for for histological histological examination examination and and comcom­ parison to to oysters from from high-mortality high-mortality areas. areas. METHODS M!THODS AND NATERIALS MATERIALS Description of stations stations Mortality and hydrographic data were collected at six six subtidal subtidal stations in in Yaquina Bay Bay (Figure (Figure 1), 1), aa laboratory laboratory station, station, and and at at stations intertidal stations stations in in Coos Coos and and Tillaznook Tillamook bays. bays. intertidal Equal numbers numbers of of oysters oysters Equal were retained retained in in aa sacrifice sacrifice and and aa control control tray tray at at each each station. station. were The Yaquina stations stations each each initially initially contained in in total total 200 200 Pacific Pacific oysters (Crassostrea &igas) and400 400native nativeoysters oysters (Ostrea (Ostrea lurida). lurida). g) and stations were checked every every other other week week for for mortality. mortality. Yaquina Yaquina Four native and three Pacific oysters were collected monthly from the sacrifice tray at each station for condition index determination and prepara­ preparation for histological examination. examination. tion The laboratory station contained 100 Pacific and 100 native oysters which were checked daily for mortalities. No samples samples were were taken taken from from this this station. station. No In December 1967 1967 all all oysters oysters at the Yaquina Yaqutna Bay stations were replaced repLaced with younger animals. animals. younger In November 1967 In 1967 a tray containing 500 native A station.!1 A = Nonfloating station.!/ B station, tray tray B = Floating station, C = Floating station, station, tray C station.1/ D Nonfloating station.ll 0 = Nortfloating E station, tray E = Floating station, = Floating station, tray F F = C G = Laboratory station. station. !/11 - depth depth depth depth depth depth depth 3'. 3'. 3'. 3'. 5'. 5'. 15'. 15'. Tray at at approximately approximately -5' -5' tidal level. level, Pacific Ocean F ~ 0 o I t I % l Scale in miles 1 I IOD Co Figure 1. 1. Yaquina Bay, Bay, Oregon, Oregon, showing location of of the oyster mortality stations 3. 3. oysters of the 1967 1967 set was suspended suspended at a depth of 4 feet at Station C. C. These oysters were checked monthly for for mortalities and shell shell growth. Stations at Coos and and Tillantook Tillamook beys 100 bays each each began with 100 Pacific oysters. samples included included three three oysters oysters from fram the the Monthly samples sacrifice tray and four oysters from from the the surrounding surrounding beds. beds. Shell growth rowth product of of shell shell length lengthtimes timeswidth widthwas wasused usedf for de­ The mean mean product or de-. termining growth of Pacific oysters. oysters. Native oyster growth growth was calcal­ from mean mean shell shell length length only. only. culated from During the first 6 months of this reporting period aa random sample of Pacific and native oysters - was measured monthly from the control tray at each each station. station. In order to obtain more more accurate growth data, data, all control tray oysters at the the end end of of each each quarter. quarter. are now measured at Condition index index Condition Condition index index is obtained by by the the formula: formula: C.l. = drx CI. dry weight of oyster tissue volume of shell cavity x 100 100 X by drying drying the the oyster oyster meat in in an an oven oven The dry weights were obtained by at 90 90 C for 11 week. week. at C for vater displacement method was used to obtain The water the shell cavity volumes. Histological samples samples Nistological Oyster samples collected monthly at Yaquina, Yaquina, Coos, and Tillamook bays, (Hgapersll) were bays, and dying oysters (flgaperst) were fixed fixed in in Davidson1s Davidsonts solution solution analysis. and sent to the University of Washington for histological analysis. Hydrographic data data Rydrographic Salinity, temperature, temperature, pH, pH, dissolved oxygen, oxygen, and turbidity turbidity inin­ Salinity, formation were collected twice monthly at all Yaquina Bay stations 4. 4. (Appendix Tables A-E)!'. A-E}!'. Continuous temperature temperature data data were obtained obtained on the commercial oyster beds (Station D) D) in Yaquina Bay with a Ryan recording thermometer. thermometer. the Coos and and Tillamook Tillamook Bay Bay stations, stations, At the surface temperatures temperatures and ea1inities low surface salinities were obtained monthly at at low tide (Appendix (Appendix Table Table F). F). R.ESULTS RESULTS Mortality Yaguina Bay. Bay. Bay: Bay: Pacific oyster mortality was very very low in Yaquina Yaquina 0.8\ July-September 1967; 1967; 0.4% 0.4% in in October-November October-November 1967; 1967; 0.8% during July-September and 0.3% during February-March February-March 1968. 1968. Native oyster oyster mortality in in the the same periods was 3.5%, 1%, and and 5.1%. 5.1%. 3.5%, 1%, Mortality was was not not recorded recorded in in Yaquina Bay in December 1967-January 1968, 1968, because of the initially high handling mortality in the young replacement oysters. oysters. Mortality of native oysters of the 1967 1967 set 1967-harch 1968, 1968, set was 8.2% in November 1967-March which Is is a lower lower than expected expected mortality for for oysters of this this age. age. and Tillamook Tillamook bays. bays. Coos and Mortality was low low in in both both bays. bays. Meaningful mortality percentages percentages cannot cannot be be reported reported due due to to the the small small size of (100 Pacific Pacific oysters oysters In in each each bay), bay), of the experimental populations (100 occurred. but mass mortality would have been detected had it occurred. Shell growth growth Yaguina Bay. Bay. Mean shell shell size size of of Pacific Pacific oysters oysters in in trays trays increased increased 24% from July 1967 through September 1967 and 6.4% during the 2-month period October-November. October-November. Shell growth averaged 16.1% from January 1966 1968 through March 1968 after replacement of oysters in trays with younger !' 1/ Hydrographic data for June 1966-November 1967 1967 was reported in in IIHydrographic Data II Fish "Hydrographic Data for for Yaquina, Yaquina, Coos, Coos, and Tillamook Days, Bays," Fish C. Dale Snow and Commission of Oregon mimeographed report, report, 1967. 1967. C. and Gary C. G. Gibson, Gibson. s. 5. animals. The best growth in this period was recorded at Station DD (38.6~). (38.67.). Native oyster growth was negligible during July-November 1967 the experimental experimental animals. animals. 1967 due to the maturity maturity of the Shell growth also negligible for for the the younger replacement replacement native oysters oysters was also during January-March 1968. 1968. bays. Coos and and Tillaznook Tillamook bals. Shell growth was slow slow during during JulyJuly­ December 1967 1967 in in Coos Bay Bay (16%) (16\) and and at at the the Tillamook Bay Bay station station (10%) (10%) December oysters. due to the mature size of the experimental oysters. Growth was was not not Growth monitored after after December December 1967. 1967. monitored Condition index index Yaguina Bal. Yaqaina Bay. Pacific oyster mean condition condition index index (Table (Table 1) 1) remained fairly fairly high in July-August 1967, 1967, but dropped slightly during September-November September-November because because some some oysters oysters had had partially partially spawned. spawned. Native oyster condition was low during July-September 1967, 1967, due to spawning, !tfatness" by spawning, but most most native oysters had regained their "fatness" October. October. Condition indexes for the young Pacific and native oysters which replaced replaced the the mature oysters oysters in in the the experimental experimental trays trays were were low low during January~March January-March 1968 1968 as as is is expected expected for for immature imature oysters. during oysters. Tillamook and ~~ bals. Coos bays. mean condition index Pacific oyster mean remained at a constant level during the entire study study period at the the Tillamook station. station. Tillamook Coos Bay oysters were variable in in "fatness," "fatness,!t but generally exhibited exhibited lower lower condition condition indexes indexes than than oysters oysters in in but Yaquina and and Tillamook Tillamook bays. bays. Histological samples Samples Ninety-six native and 137 Pacific oysters oysters were prepared during the the study study period period and and sent sent to to the University of of Washington for for histological examination. examination. 6. 6. Table 1. 1. Mean condition condition index index for native and and Pacific oysters in Yaquina :8ay in Bay and for for Pacific oysters in Tillamook Coos bays, bays, July July 1967 and Coos 1967 to March 1968 Yaguina Bay Yaguina :8al Native Pacific Native l<ionth Month July 1967 1967 August September September October November December January 1968 1968 February 1-larch harch 9.3 9.3 9.6 9.6 10.2 10.2 18.5 15.0 15.0 16.8 16.8 16.8 168 15.5 14.6 13.9 13.9 - - 11.9 11.9 10.1 9.3 9.3 7.2 10.0 10.2 Coos :8al Bal_ Tillamook Tillamook Bay Bal 1/ Pacific 1/ Pacific 1/ 1/ - - - 12.0 12.0 7.6 11.2 13.2 13.2 14.4 15.7 15.7 - 12.9 12.6 12.B 14.2 10.7 8.9 9.4 - 1/ !I Includes oysters oysters from fram tray tray and and surrounding surrounding beds. beds. Includes Itydrographic Hldroaraphic data Hydrographic from Yaquina Bay Bay }Lydrographic information information (appendix (Appendix Tables Tables A-E) A-E) from reveals reveals expected expected seasonal seasonal patterns. patterns. The area area changes changes from from an an essentially essentially salt-water bay in the summer to an area heavily influenced by fresh fresh water in the winter, winter, with layering layering of fresh water over salt salt water common during during the the rainy rainy season. season. Temperatures were uniformly uniformly low low throughout the the study study area area during during the the winter (49 (49 FF average) average) and and at at throughout the lower lower bay station station (F) (F) in in the the summer summer (55 (55 FF average); average); while temtem­ the peratures near near 70 70 FF were were common common at at the the upper upper bay bay stations stations (A (A and and B) B) peratures during the summer. summer. Average daily daily high high temperatures temperatures near near bottom bottom Average within the the commercial commercial oyster oyster grounds grounds (Station (Station D) D) ranged ranged from from 68 68 FF in July-August 1967 1967 to to 48 48 FF in in January-February January-February 1968. 1968. Average daily low temperatures temperatures during during the the same same periods periods were were 54 54 FF and and 48 48 F. F. low Dis­ Dis- solved throughout the the study study solved oxygen concentrations were generally high throughout area. area. Values at at high high tide tide ranged ranged from from 5.2 5.2 ppm ppm in in August August at at Station Station AA Values to 10.3 in January January at at Station Station C. C. 10.3 ppm in Secchi disc readings ranged from from 7. 7. 1.5 feet feet at at Station A A (heavily (heavily influenced by by fresh fresh water) water) to 7.5 7.5 feet feet at Station P F (nearest (nearest the the ocean). ocean). Hydrogen ion ion (ph) (pH) concentrations coneentrations Hydrogen averaged slightly under 8 at Station A, A, and slightly over 8 at Station F. Station F. Pacific and native oysters oysters were were retained retained in in !lcontrol "controll! and °sacrifice" "sacrifice" trays subtidal stations in Yaquina Bay and at single intertidal trays at six subtidal stations in in Coos and and Tillamook Tillamook bays. bays. stations In addition a group of each species was retained at at the the laboratory. laboratory. Observed mortality continued at a low level level in Oregon from July 1, 1967-March 1967-March 31, 1968, as as indicated indicated by the the samples. samples. Pacific oyster mortality mortality in Yaquina Yaquina Bay was was less than 1% by quarterly period, period, while native native oyster oyster mortality averaged averaged 3.2% 3.2% quarterly. quarterly. Pacific bays. Pacific oysters was was also also low in Tillamook and Coos bays. Mortality of Expected seasonal shell growth, index and and hydrographic seasonal patterns of of shell growth, condition index data were recorded recorded in in Yaquina, Yaquina, Tillamook, and Coos bays. bays. data " u. U. APPENDIX 9. 9. Table Table A. A. Salinities (o/oo) (o/oe) from Yaquina Bay, 1967­ Bay, December 1967March 1iarch 1968 1968 (values (values at at high high tide tide unless unless noted) noted) Date A B B C C Station D D Seaward E E F 12-19-67 13.6 14.9 22.0 22.0 14.6 15.7 15.7 21.4 21.4 17 .1 17.1 25.1 29.4 18.8 18.8 22.6 22.6 31.1 26.3 26.3 31.2 31.4 27.8 27.8 31.6 31.6 32.0 32.0 1-4-68 7.6 7.6 17 17.8 .8 20.4 20.4 14.0 22.6 23.8 16.1 24.3 24.3 25.9 18.3 18.3 28.4 28.4 29.0 19.7 19.7 29.0 29.8 298 25.4 25.4 29.9 29.9 7.2 7.2 13.6 20.4 6.4 6.4 1B.2 18.2 25.6 25.6 19.2 19.2 21.4 26.3 26.3 20.1 20.1 23.3 23.3 28.4 28.4 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.9 4.7 4.7 4.8 8.5 9.7 9.7 9.9 5.4 6.4 28.0 7.9 7.9 20.4 4.7 4.7 5.5 22.5 22.5 10.6 10.6 14.1 14.1 22.0 18.6 20.1 20.1 23.5 23.5 16.7 16.7 21.7 21.7 24.7 24.7 10.7 10.7 25.5 26.1 19.7 19.7 21.4 21.7 21.7 20.5 20.5 22.4 22.4 22.5 20.6 23.0 23.3 23.3 242 24.2 268 26.8 27.3 27.3 27.6 27.6 27.7 27.7 28.2 28.2 28.2 1-18-68 1-18-68 - - 2-5.. 6a!1 2-5-681/ 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.2 2-26-68 3-14..68 3-14-68 3.4 3.4 - 27.2 Readings at low tide during heavy runoff. 1/ 1.1 t Surface Surface Mid-depth l4id-depth Bottom 10. 10. Table B. (F) from fram Yaquina Bay~ 1967­ Bay, December 1967B. Temperatures (F) March 1968 (values at high tide unless noted) 1968 Date 12-19-67 1-4-68 1-18-68 3-14-68 44 45 45 47 47 48 47 47 47 47 48 48 47 47 49 49 49 49 47 47 48 48 48 48 48 48 49 49 49 48 43 43 44 44 4S 45 44 46 47 47 48 48 48 47 47 48 48 - 48 - 2-26-68 E 43 43 44 45 49 49 49 49 Seaward F F B - 2-5-68Y1 2-5-6sl Station D D C C A 48 48 49 49 - 49 49 49 48 49 49 49 49 48 48 48 48 48 49 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 49 49 49 54 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 54 54 53 53 54 54 54 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 48 48 47 47 47 47 48 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 54 54 51 51 51 51 51 51 48 50 low tide tide during during heavy heavy runoff. runoff. Readings at at low 1/ 1:.1 ~ 11. 11. Table Table C. C. Dissolved oxygen (ppm (ppm at tray level) level) from Yaquina Yaquina (values at at high tide tide Bay, 1968 (values Bay, December 1967-March 196741arch 1968 unless noted) noted) unless Date Station D D A A B C C 12-19-67 9.2 9.9 9.7 9.7 1-4-68 8.4 8.6 8.6 8.8 10.2 10.3 1-18-68 - Seaward E B F 8.8 8.8 8.9 8.8 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 - 9.6 9.6 9.6 2_5_6811 2-5-68!.! 10.2 lO.2 10.2 lO.2 10.0 10.2 9.9 9.9 9.4 2-26-68 9.0 9.6 9.4 8.9 9.0 9.0 9.2 3-14-68 8.3 8.6 8.5 8.6 8.8 8.8 9.0 1/ 11 > at low tide during heavy runoff. Readings at runoff. Table Table D. D. Secchi disc readings (ft) from Yaquina Bay, Bay, (ft) from (values at at high tide December l967-1arch 1967-March 1968 (values unless noted) noted) unless Date Stations D D Seaward A B C C 12-19-67 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 5.0 6.0 6.0 1-4-68 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 - 3.0 3.0 3.5 - 4.0 4.5 4.5 2_5_68!" 2-5-6s!1 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2-26-68 3.0 3.5 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 3-14-68 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 1-18-68 1-18-68 1/ 11 Readings at low tide during heavy runoff. runoff. E B F ) 12. 12. ion (pH) (pH) values values from Yaquina Bay, Table B. E. Hydrogen ion Table December 1967-March 1967-March 1968 1968 (values at high tide unless noted) noted) Station Date Seaward A C C F F 12-19-67 7.4 7,4 8.0 7.8 8.3 8.3 8.3 1.4-68 1-4-68 7.3 8.1 8,1. 7.9 8.2 8.2 8.3 8.3 - 7.2 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.4 2_5_681' 2-5-6a!1 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.9 7.0 8.4 2-26-68 7.0 7.0 8.2 7.5 8.2 7.6 8.4 3-14-68 8.0 8.1 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.2 8.2 1-18-68 1/ 11 - t Surface Bottom Readings at runoff. at low tide during heavy runoff. Table F. F. Table Surface temperatures temperatures and salinities salinities from from the the Tillamook and and Coos Coos Bay Day stations, stations, December December 19671967­ March 1968 1968 (values (values at at low low tide) tide) March Tillamook Bay Bal: !/ !7 Tillamook Temperature Salinity Honth Month BayJ Coos Bax 1.1 Salinity Temperature F 0/00 F 0/00 December 1967 52 52 14.1 51 51 10.8 18.8 January 1968 1968 52 19.2 50 50 10.6 February Febriary 51 51 1.6 1.6 51 51 1.& 1.8 - 49 .1.3 .1.3 Harch March - 1/ 1/ Station located on intertidal intertidal oyster bed in the southwest section of the the bay. bay. ~I 2/ Station located located on intertidal intertidal oyster bed in in Joe Ney Slough.