Laboratory fecundity and development, field population dynamics, pupal predation and the history of
releases of the spurge hawkmoth, Hyles euphorbiae (L.), a biological control agent of leafy spurge,
Euphorbia esula L., in Montana
by Noah Holleman Poritz
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in
Entomology
Montana State University
© Copyright by Noah Holleman Poritz (1988)
Abstract:
Laboratory studies of spurge hawkmoth, Hyles euphorbiae (L.) fecundity, and egg/larval development
were conducted in 1984-1985. Average fecundity, determined by direct count of eggs oviposited, was
153.0 eggs per female. The number of eggs oviposited ranged from 3-261 per female. Egg and larval
development was studied at three constant temperatures (20, 25 and 30 °C). Theoretical lower
temperature thresholds for development of eggs and larvae were estimated to be 6.5 and 12.8 °C,
respectively. Behavioral observations of the spurge hawkmoth are discussed.
A complete field census of the spurge hawkmoth, Hyles euohorbiae (L.), established on leafy spurge,
Euphorbia esula L, was made near Bozeman, Montana during 1984. The population reached a peak
mean density of 0.19 larvae/m2 during late July. Daily monitoring of development for 52 larval cohorts
revealed a poor correlation with average temperatures at the site (r = 0.40). Density-independent factors
contributed to egg, larval, and pupal mortality of the spurge hawkmoth. Fifty-six percent of the pupae
successfully survived the winter. Examination of the distribution of hawkmoth larvae in the Bridger
Mountains and Story Hills revealed widespread dispersal from original release sites.
Predation on pupae of the spurge hawkmoth, Hvles euphorbiae (L.), introduced for the biological
control of leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L., was studied in the field near Bozeman, Montana in 1984
and 1985. Exclusion cage treatments were imposed on pupae placed on or below the soil surface to
identify the types of predators most responsible for mortality. The use of both sealed and semi-sealed
insect cages significantly reduced the levels of pupal mortality compared with open range treatments
during both years examined. Small mammals and invertebrate predators were the most important
sources of hawkmoth pupal mortality.
Scattered and incomplete records of releases and establishments of the spurge hawkmoth, Hvles
euohorbiae (L.) on leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L., exist for Montana. Efforts to compile previous
records, refute or confirm their validity, and examine release sites were made. Through a review of
literature,unpublished Canadian and U. S. government records, personal communication and direct
field observations, a more clear synthesis of this agent's release and establishment history is provided. LABORATORY FECUNDITY AND DEVELOPMENT, FIELD POPULATION
DYNAMICS, PUPAL PREDATION AND THE HISTORY OF RELEASES
OF THE SPURGE HAWKMOTH, Hvles euohorbiae ( L . ) ,
A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OF LEAFY SPURGE,
Euphorbia e s u la L . ,
IN MONTANA.
by
Noah Holleman P o r i t z
A th e s is subm itted in p a r t i a l f u l f i l l m e n t
o f th e requirem ents f o r th e degree
of
Master o f Science
in
Entomology
MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bozeman, Montana
J u ly 1988
ii
APPROVAL
o f a th e s is subm itted by
Noah Holleman P o r i t z
This th e s is has been read by each member o f th e th e s is committee
and has been found to be s a t i s f a c t o r y re g a rd in g c o n te n t, E nglish usage
fo r m a t, c i t a t i o n s , b i b l i o g r a p h i c s t y l e , and c o n s is te n c y , and is ready
f o r submission to th e C o lle g e o f Graduate S tu d ie s .
ZyZjLf
Date
Z Sr,
C ha irpers on, Graduate Committee
Approved f o r the Major Department
Head, Major Department
Approved f o r the C o lle g e o f Graduate S tu d ie s
Graduate Ddan
iii
STATEMENT OF PERMISSION TO USE
In p r e s e n tin g t h i s th e s is in p a r t i a l
f u l f i l l m e n t o f the
re q u ire m e n ts f o r a m a s te r 's degree a t Montana S ta te U n i v e r s i t y ,
t h a t th e L i b r a r y s h a ll make i t
th e L i b r a r y .
I agree
a v a i l a b l e to borrowers under r u le s o f
B r i e f q u o ta tio n s from t h i s th e s is are a llo w a b le w ith o u t
s p e c ia l p e rm is s io n , provided t h a t a c c u ra te acknowledgment o f source is
made.
Permission f o r e x te n s iv e q u o ta tio n from or re p r o d u c tio n o f t h i s
t h e s is may be g ra n te d by my major p r o fe s s o r , o r in h is absence, by the
D i r e c t o r o f L i b r a r i e s when, in th e o p in io n o f e i t h e r ,
o f th e m a t e r i a l
m a te ria l
i s f o r s c h o l a r l y purposes.
in t h i s t h e s is f o r f i n a n c i a l
my w r i t t e n p e rm is s io n .
Date
J ig Y
th e proposed use
Any copying o r use o f the
gain s h a ll not be allow ed w ith o u t
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
T h is research was p a r t i a l l y supported by a g r a n t from th e Montana
Department o f N a tu ra l
A g ric u ltu ra l
Resources and Conservation and th e Montana
Experiment S t a t i o n .
The a u th o r wishes to express h is a p p r e c ia tio n t o D r.
Robert M.
Nowierski f o r s e rv in g as major p r o fe s s o r and p r o v id in g c o n s t r u c t iv e
c r i t i c i s m du rin g th e p r e p a r a tio n o f t h i s t h e s i s ,
Weaver I I I ,
to Dr. Theodore W.
Mr. Norman E. Rees and Dr. David C. Sands f o r s erv in g as
members o f his- graduate committee.
S p ec ia l
a p p r e c ia tio n is als o extended to Mr. Stephen J . Harvey
f o r his e x c e p tio n a l
s c ie n tific
i n s i g h t and a b i l i t i e s
and to Dr.
A. Andres f o r c o n t r i b u t i n g his p h ilo s o p h ic a l p e r s p e c tiv e on l i f e
th e b i o l o g i c a l
Lloyd
and
c o n tr o l o f weeds.
C on s id e ra b le thanks are expressed to my p a r e n ts , J u l iu s and Ruth,
and my w i f e Leona f o r t h e i r unending encouragement and s u pport.
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
APPROVAL...............................................................................
STATEMENT OF PERMISSION TO USE............................................................
Ii
iii
V IT A .............................................................................................................................................
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..................................................................................................................
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS.........................................................
LIST OF TABLES.........................................................................
vi
v iii
LIST OF FIGURES..........................................................................................
ix
ABSTRACT................................
xi
CHAPTER
1
2
■3
INTRODUCTION........................................................................
I
L i t e r a t u r e Review.............................................................................................
L a b o rato ry S tu d ie s o f th e Spurge Hawkmoth........................................
F i e l d B io lo g y o f th e Spurge Hawkmoth....................................................
Summary.....................................................................
2
5
9
11
LABORATORY FECUNDITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPURGE
HAWKMOTH, HvTes euphorbiae ( L . ) (LEPIDOPTERA:
SPHI NGI DAE), ON LEAFY SPURGE,Euphorbia e s u la L ...........................
12
I n t r o d u c t i o n ........................................................................................................
M a t e r i a l s and Methods...................................................................................
R e sults and D i s c u s s i o n . ..............................................
12
12
13
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE SPURGE HAWKMOTH, Hvles
euphorbiae ( L . ) (LEPIDOPTERA: SPHINGIDAE),
ON LEAFY SPURGE, Euphorbia e s u la L ............ .........................................
20
I n t r o d u c t i o n ..............................................................
M a t e r i a l s and Methods...................... .............................................................
R e sults and D is c u s s io n .................................................................................
20
21
22
vi i
TABLE OF CONTENTS-Continued
Page
4
5
6
PUPAL PREDATION OF THE SPURGE HAWKMOTH, Hvles euphorbiae
( L . ) (LEPIDOPTERA: SPHI NGI DAE), AN INTRODUCED BIOLOGICAL
CONTROL AGENT OF LEAFY SPURGE, Euphorbia e s u la L .....................
34
I n t r o d u c t i o n ............................................................
M a t e r i a l s and Methods....................................................................................
R e s u lts and D is c u s s io n .................................................................................
34
35
36
HISTORY OF RELEASES OF THE SPURGE HAWKMOTH, Hvles
euphorbiae ( L . ) (LEPIDOPTERA: SPHI NGI DAE),
A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OF LEAFY SPURGE,
Euphorbia e s u la L. IN MONTANA, U. S. A ............................................
46
I n t r o d u c t i o n ..................................................
M a t e r i a l s and Methods.......................
R e s u lts and D is c u s s io n .................................................................................
46
47
47
SUMMARY........................................................
52
REFERENCES CITED......................................................................................................
54
APPENDIX
62
viii
LIST OF TABLES
T a b le
Page
L
L a b o ra to ry development tim e o f eggs and l a r v a e o f
H. euohorbiae a t th r e e c o n s ta n t te m p e r a tu re s .............. ........... ..
15
2. Mean p r o p o r tio n o f H. euohorbiae pupae s u r v iv in g
p r e d a t io n under t h r e e tr e a tm e n ts (1984) • ........................................
39
3 . Mean p r o p o r tio n o f H. euohorbiae pupae s u r v iv in g
p r e d a tio n under th r e e tr e a tm e n ts ( 1 9 8 5 ) • .......................... .............
41
4 . Mean p r o p o r tio n o f H- euohorbiae pupae s u r v iv in g
p r e d a t io n under two tr e a tm e n ts (1 9 84 ) • ....... ....................................
43,
5. Mean p r o p o r tio n o f H. e uohorbiae pupae s u r v iv in g
p r e d a tio n under two tr e a tm e n ts (1985) • • ..........................................
43
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
F ig u re
■ I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Page
Line i l l u s t r a t i o n o f l e a f y spurge,
Euphorbia e s u la L ............
3
Photograph o f spurge hawkmoth, Hvles euphorbiae ( L . ) ,
a d u l t (Dorsal v i e w ) ........................................................................................
6
Photograph o f spurge hawkmoth, Hvles euphorbiae ( L . ) ,
a d u l t (V e n tr a l v i e w ) ......................................................................................
7
Photograph o f spurge hawkmoth, Hvles euphorbiae ( L . ) ,
f i f t h i n s t a r l a r v a fe e d in g on l e a f y spurge,
Euphorbia e s u la L ..........................................................
8
R e c iproc a l o f mean l a b o r a t o r y egg development tim e
(x 100) f o r Hvles euphorbiae ( L . ) regressed a g a in s t
te m p e r a tu re .
E r r o r bars r e p r e s e n t SEM............................................
16
6. R e c iproc a l o f mean l a b o r a t o r y l a r v a l development tim e
(x 100) f o r Hvles euphorbiae ( L . ) regressed a g a in s t
te m p e r a tu re .
E r r o r bars r e p r e s e n t SEM................ ...........................
18
7.
Location o f B r id g e r f o o t h i l l s Hvles euphorbiae ( L . )
re se a rch s i t e 3 . 2 km NE o f Bozeman, G a l l a t i n County,
Montana.
S c a le :
2 .3 cm = I km ( 1 . 5 in = I m . ) .......................
23
Euphorbia e s u l a L. clone l o c a t i o n map a t B r id g e r
f o o t h i l l s Hvles euphorbiae ( L . ) re se a rch s i t e .
140
spurge clones t o t a l i n g 10637 n r were d e l i m i t e d on the
fo u r ha s i t e ........................................................................................................
24
9. H v les euphorbiae ( L . ) f i e l d p o p u la tio n census ( a l l
l a r v a l i n s t a r s combined) from th e B rid g e r f o o t h i l l s
re se a rch s i t e ( 1 9 8 4 ) .
Degree days c a l c u l a t e d from
H ig le y e t a l . (1 986) s in e wave method..............................................
27
8.
10.
R e la t io n s h ip o f Hvles euphorbiae ( L . ) l a r v a l d e n s it y
(d u r in g peak p o p u la tio n , J u ly 1984) t o Euphorbia esula
L. c lo ne area a t th e B rid g e r f o o t h i l l s re se a rch s i t e ............
28
X
F ig u re
Page
11. Hvles euphorbiae ( L ) f i e l d p o p u la tio n census ( i n s t a r s
1 -5 ) from th e B rid g e r f o o t h i l l s research s i t e ( 1 9 8 4 ) .
Degree days c a l c u l a t e d from H ig le y e t a l . (1 986)
s in e wave method...............................................................................................
29
12. R e ciprocal o f mean l a r v a l development tim e (x 100)
f o r f i e l d cohorts o f Hvles euphorbiae ( L . ) regressed
a g a in s t te m p e r a tu r e ...........................................
31
13. Diagrammatic r e p r e s e n t a t io n o f th e placement o f
s u rfa c e (S) and b u rie d (B) H v les euphorbiae ( I . ) pupae
t o examine p r e d a t io n .
Spacing o f pupae in open range
tr e a tm e n ts was I m and 3 m in 1984 and 1985,
re s p e c tiv e ly .
Spacing o f pupae in th e Sealed
and S em i-sealed tre a tm e n ts was I dm both y e a r s ..........................
38
14. Hvles euphorbiae ( L . ) pupal s u r v iv a l ( p e r c e n t ) through
tim e .
Pupal tr e a tm e n ts :
Open range s u rfa c e (OS) and
b u rie d (O B ); S em i-sealed cage s u rfa c e (SSS) and bu rie d
(SSB), Sealed cage s u rfa c e (SS) and b u rie d (S B ); 1984.........
40
15. Hvles euphorbiae ( L ) . pupal s u r v i v a l ( p e r c e n t ) through
tim e .
Pupal tr e a tm e n ts :
Open range s u rfa c e (OS) and
b u rie d (O B ); S em i-sealed cage s u rfa c e (SSS) and bu rie d
(S S B ), Sealed cage s u rfa c e (SS) and b u rie d (S B ); 1 98 5.........
42
xi
ABSTRACT
L a b o rato ry s tu d ie s o f spurge hawkmoth, Hvles euohorbiae ( L . )
f e c u n d i t y , and e g g / l a r v a l development were conducted in 1 984-1985.
Average f e c u n d i t y , determ ined by d i r e c t count o f eggs o v i p o s i t e d , was
1 5 3 .0 eggs per fe m a le .
The number o f eggs o v ip o s ite d ranged from 3-261
pe r fe m a le .
Egg and l a r v a l development was s tu d ie d a t t h r e e c onstant
te m p eratu res (2 0 , 25 and 30 °C ).
T h e o r e t i c a l low er te m p e ratu re
th r e s h o ld s f o r development o f eggs and l a r v a e were e s tim a te d to be 6 .5
and 1 2 .8 0C, r e s p e c t i v e l y .
Behavioral o b s e rv a tio n s o f th e spurge
hawkmoth a re discussed.
A complete f i e l d census o f th e spurge hawkmoth, Hvles euohorbiae
( L . ) , e s t a b lis h e d on l e a f y spurge, Euphorbia e s u la L, was made near
Bozeman, Montana du rin g 1984.
The p o p u la tio n reached a peak mean
d e n s it y o f 0 .1 9 la r v a e /m 2 du rin g l a t e d u ly .
D a i l y m o n ito rin g o f
development f o r 52 l a r v a l cohorts r e v e a le d a poor c o r r e l a t i o n w ith
average tem peratu res a t th e s i t e ( r = 0 . 4 0 ) .
D e n s ity -in d e p e n d e n t
f a c t o r s c o n tr ib u te d t o egg, l a r v a l , and pupal m o r t a l i t y o f th e spurge
hawkmoth.
F i f t y - s i x p e rce n t o f th e pupae s u c c e s s fu lly s u rv iv e d the
w in te r.
Examination o f th e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f hawkmoth l a r v a e in the
B r id g e r Mountains and S to ry H i l l s r e v e a le d widespread d is p e r s a l from
o r i g i n a l r e le a s e s i t e s .
P re d a tio n on pupae o f th e spurge hawkmoth, Hvles euohorbiae ( L . ) ,
in tro d u c e d f o r th e b i o l o g i c a l c o n tr o l o f l e a f y spurge, Euphorbia e s u la
L . , was s tu d ie d in th e f i e l d near Bozeman, Montana in 1984 and 1985.
E xclusion cage tr e a tm e n ts were imposed on pupae placed on o r below the
s o i l s u rfa c e to i d e n t i f y th e types o f p re d a to rs most re s p o n s ib le f o r
m o rta lity .
The use o f both sealed and sem i-s e ale d i n s e c t cages
s i g n i f i c a n t l y reduced th e l e v e l s o f pupal m o r t a l i t y compared w ith open
range tr e a tm e n ts d u rin g both y ears examined.
Small mammals and
i n v e r t e b r a t e p re d a to rs were th e most im p o rta n t sources o f hawkmoth
pupal m o r t a l i t y .
S c a tt e r e d and incom plete records o f r e le a s e s and e sta b lis h m e n ts
o f th e spurge hawkmoth, Hvles euohorbiae ( L . ) on l e a f y spurge,
Euphorbia e s u la L . , e x i s t f o r Montana.
E f f o r t s to com pile previous
r e c o r d s , r e f u t e or c o n firm t h e i r v a l i d i t y , and examine r e le a s e s i t e s
were made.
Through a re v ie w o f l i t e r a t u r e , u n p u b l i s h e d Canadian and U.
S. government r e c o rd s , personal communication and d i r e c t f i e l d
o b s e r v a tio n s , a more c l e a r s y n th es is o f t h i s a g e n t's r e le a s e and
e s ta b lis h m e n t h i s t o r y is p ro v id e d .
I
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
B io lo g ic a l
c o n tr o l
is th e most prom ising c o n tr o l t a c t i c a v a i l a b l e
f o r th e p e r e n n ia l weed l e a f y spurge, Euphorbia e s u l a L.
c o n tr o l
a g e n t, th e spurge hawkmoth Hvles euphorbiae ( L . ) ,
One b i o l o g i c a l
has been the
s u b je c t o f dozens o f r e le a s e s since i t s North American i n t r o d u c t i o n
d u rin g th e m i d -1 9 6 0 's .
In Montana, t h i s
r e le a s e s by s t a t e and fe d e r a l
b io lo g ic a l
in s e c t has a long h i s t o r y o f
c o n tr o l w orkers.
U n f o r t u n a t e ly , no d e t a i l e d e v a lu a t io n s tu d ie s o f t h i s agent in Montana
were p u b lis h e d .
The e xam ination in 1982 o f a form er r e le a s e s i t e o f Hvles
euphorbiae near Bozeman, Montana (Baker 1988, p e rs . comm.) re v e a le d an
e s t a b l i s h e d hawkmoth p o p u la tio n .
again made d u rin g 1983.
C o n firm a tio n o f e s ta b lis h m e n t was
D e t a i le d f i e l d
and l a b o r a t o r y s tu d ie s o f t h i s
p o p u la tio n were implemented d u rin g 1984 and 1985.
Questions addressed by th e f i e l d
s tu d ie s were as f o l l o w s :
I)
What
was th e p o p u la tio n d e n s it y near th e s i t e o f th e o r i g i n a l , r e le a s e ; 2)
How w id e ly d i s t r i b u t e d was t h i s p o p u la tio n ; 3) What were th e l a r v a l
development r a t e s in th e f i e l d ;
a s s o c ia te d w ith th e l a r v a l
4) What m o r t a l i t y f a c t o r s were
and pupal stages o f t h i s
i n s e c t ; 5) What was
th e o v e r w in te r in g s u r v iv o r s h ip o f t h i s a g ent; 6) Was t h i s
in s e c t
2
e s t a b lis h e d a t th e o th e r r e le a s e s i t e s
in Montana; and 7) Were
te c h n iq u es a v a i l a b l e which could enhance th e e s ta b lis h m e n t o f t h i s
agent a t new r e le a s e s it e s ?
L a b o ra to ry experim ents were developed to examine:
I)
Whether
l a b o r a t o r y f e c u n d i t y and development d i f f e r e d from th e conclusions
p u b lis h e d in pre vious s tu d ie s ; 2) What were th e developmental r a t e s f o r
th is
in s e c t a t v a rio u s te m p e ra tu re s ; and 3) How w e ll matched was the
low te m p e ra tu re developmental th r e s h o ld f o r t h i s
in s e c t and the
environm ent o f th e n o rth e rn Rocky Mountains and G reat P la in s ?
The c onclusions drawn from these s tu d ie s may help i n d i v i d u a l s
i n t e r e s t e d in th e b i o l o g i c a l
c o n tr o l o f l e a f y spurge and th e spurge
hawkmoth g a in a g r e a t e r understanding o f th e c o m p le x ity o f t h i s p l a n t in s e c t i n t e r a c t i o n .
L i t e r a t u r e Review
Leafy spurge,
Euphorbia e su la L . ,
is a d e e p -ro o te d p e re n n ia l weed
which reproduces by seed and by a d v e n t i t i o u s r o o t buds which generate
new shoots (F ig u r e I ) .
The b io lo g y and ecology o f t h i s species have
been s tu d ie d e x t e n s i v e l y (Hanson and Rudd 1933, Bakke 1936, C r o iz a t
1945, S e l l e c k 1959, S e l l e c k e t a l . 1962, Morrow 1979, Best e t a l . 1980,
Ebke and McCarty 1983, Watson 1985, Harvey e t a l . in p re s s , Nowierski
a t a l . s u b m itte d ).
Leafy spurge,
intro d u c e d to North America in th e e a r l y 1 9 0 0 's ,
now
i n f e s t s over one m i l l i o n ha (Nobel e t a l . 1979) and is spreading
ra p id ly
( F o r c e l l a and Harvey 1 9 8 1 ).
T h is Eurasian species forms dense
F ig u re I .
Line i l l u s t r a t i o n o f l e a f y spurge, Euphorbia e s u la L.
4
monotypic stands and has demonstrated c o n s id e ra b le e c o lo g ic a l
a m p litu d e ,
i n f e s t i n g s o i l s from prime a g r i c u l t u r a l
lands t o th e rocky
slopes o f low p r o d u c t i v i t y rangelands ( S e l l e c k 1 9 5 9 ).
In Montana,
l e a f y spurge was f i r s t c o l l e c t e d in th e 192 0 's ( F o r c e l l a and Harvey
1981) and by 1979 over 2 00 ,00 0 ha were overrun (Nobel e t a l . 1 9 7 9 ).
H e r b ic id e a p p l i c a t i o n has been th e most w id e ly adopted management
to o l
a g a in s t l e a f y spurge.
U n f o r t u n a t e ly , th e m arginal economic
rewards and i n a c c e s s i b i l i t y o f many o f th e rangelands i n f e s t e d has
l i m i t e d th e v a lu e o f chemical
a p p lic a tio n .
The p e r s i s t e n t underground
r o o t system and th e a b i l i t y o f th e p l a n t t o block t r a n s l o c a t i o n o f
h e r b ic id e s below th e r o o t crown f u r t h e r reduces th e e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f
chemical
c o n tr o l
(Lym 1988, p e rs . comm.).
S im u lta n e o u s ly , the
e l i m i n a t i o n o f d e s i r a b l e broadleaved species by h e r b i c i d a ! a p p l ic a t i o n
is a d e l e t e r i o u s s id e e f f e c t (Maxwell
reasons, b i o l o g i c a l
1984, Watson 1 9 8 5 ).
For these
c o n tr o l methods are considered by many to be the
most prom ising management t a c t i c f o r l e a f y spurge ( A l l e y and
Messersmith 1 9 8 4 ).
The p r a c t i c e o f b i o l o g i c a l c o n tr o l has been employed, w ith v a ry in g
degrees o f success, a g a in s t dozens o f e x o t i c weed species worldwide
(D e lfo s s e 1981,
1985, J u l ia n 1 9 8 2 ).
C la s s ic a l
b io lo g ic a l
c o n tr o l o f
weeds r e l i e s on th e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f h o s t - s p e c i f i c , p l a n t fe e d in g
in s e c ts t o reduce th e c o m p e titiv e advantage o f e x o t i c weeds (H u ffa k e r
1957,
1 9 6 2 ).
The o b j e c t i v e is not to k i l l
r a t h e r to s tr e s s th e p l a n t ,
th e p l a n t o u t r i g h t ,
a llo w in g more d e s i r a b l e p l a n t species to
c o m p e t i t i v e l y d i s p la c e th e weed ( H a r r i s 1 9 8 1 ).
/
but
5
The a p p l i c a t i o n o f b i o l o g i c a l
cypress spurge, E. c v o a r is s ia s L . ,
c o n tr o l methods a g a in s t E. e s u la and
began in 1965 w ith th e i n t r o d u c t i o n
and r e le a s e o f th e spurge hawkmoth, Hvles euohorbiae ( L )
S phingidae )
in Canada (W illiam s o n 1 9 6 6 ).
(L e p id o p te r a :
Larvae o f t h i s Eurasian moth
(F ig u r e s 2, 3 , 4) d e f o l i a t e a v a r i e t y o f spurges in i t s
n a t i v e range.
The hawkmoth has s lo w ly become e s t a b lis h e d on E. c v o a r i s s i a s in e a s te rn
Canada and th e U n ite d S ta te s
( H a r r i s and Al ex 1971, B a tra 1 9 8 3 ).
On E.
e s u la o n ly t e n t a t i v e e s ta b lis h m e n t has been r e p o r te d ( S t o r y 1979, 1985,
H a r r i s 1 9 8 4 ).
L a b o rato ry S tu d ie s o f th e Souroe Hawkmoth
The development o f th e spurge hawkmoth was f i r s t s tu d ie d by House
(1 9 6 5 ) who documented th e e f f e c t s o f low and abnormal n u t r i e n t l e v e l s
on fe e d in g e f f i c i e n c y .
His stu d y , U t i l i z i n g H. euohorbiae as a
l a b o r a t o r y a n im a l, r e f l e c t e d th e importance o f th e n u t r i e n t c o n te n t o f
d i e t in d e te rm in in g th e volume consumed by phytophagous i n s e c t s .
s tu d ie s by G r z e la k e t a l . (1 9 70 ,
examined biochem ical
1971,
Other
1973) and M o rris e t a ! . (1976)
aspects o f t h i s s p e c ie s .
As e f f o r t s to e x p l o i t th e b i o l o g i c a l
c o n tro l p o t e n t i a l
o f the
spurge hawkmoth in c re a s e d , re se a rch was i n i t i a t e d to T e a m more o f t h i s
i n s e c t ' s b io lo g y and l i f e
h is to ry .
New (1971) examined f o l i a g e
consumption and w eight gains o f l a r v a e when fed E. c v o a r i s s i a s .
Average hawkmoth l a r v a l
spurge.
E. e s u l a .
consumption was 2 . 7 g d r y w eight o f cypress
Forwood (1 9 77 ) observed s i m i l a r f o l i a g e consumption r a t e s on
( 3 . 3 7 g dry w e i g h t ) .
Both authors concluded t h a t t h e i r
Figure 3.
Photograph o f spurge hawkmoth, Hvles euohorbiae ( I . ) ,
(V e n tr a l v ie w ).
a d u lt
Figure 4.
Photograph o f spurge hawkmoth, Hvles euohorbiae ( L . ) ,
l a r v a fe e d in g on l e a f y spurge, Euphorbia esula L.
fifth
in s ta r
9
l a b o r a t o r y fe e d in g r e s u l t s could be e x t r a p o l a t e d t o th e f i e l d to
de te rm in e l a r v a l
d e n s i t i e s needed to p ro v id e economic c o n t r o l .
For the
O n t a r i o , Canada s i t e mentioned by New, a l a r v a l d e n s it y o f between 11
and 23/m2 would be r e q u ir e d f o r economic c o n tr o l
( H a r r i s 1 9 8 4 ).
At the
tim e o f New's study th e d e n s it y o f t h a t p a r t i c u l a r hawkmoth p o p u la tio n
was l/m ^ (Creelman 1 9 7 1 ).
New (1 9 71 ) a ls o q u a n t i f i e d head capsule diam eters f o r each l a r v a l
i n s t a r and found th e mean d u r a tio n f o r l a r v a l
a t 24 °C.
development was 2 1 .8 days
Forwood (1 977) found t h a t th e mean l a r v a l development a t
t h i s same te m p e ratu re was 1 8 .4 days.
H a r r i s and Al ex (1 9 71 ) examined th e e f f e c t s o f s u b fr e e z in g
te m p e ratu re s on pupal s u r v i v a l .
They found t h a t pupal m o r t a l i t y
in c re a se d l i n e a r l y w ith d ecreasing s o i l
te m p e ra tu re .
Exposure o f the
pupae t o -1 8 0C f o r one month was found to cause over 80 p e rcent
m o rta lity .
They concluded t h a t pupal w i n t e r k i l l
would be a problem
o n ly a t th e most extreme Canadian p r a i r i e r e le a s e s i t e s .
F i e l d B iology o f th e Sourge Hawkmoth
P rio r f i e l d
documenting i t s
s tu d ie s o f th e spurge hawkmoth have focused on
success in th e areas where i t has become e s t a b lis h e d ,
o r in e x p l a i n in g th e d i f f i c u l t i e s
where i t
t h i s in s e c t encountered in areas
f a i l e d to e s t a b l i s h .
No p o p u la tio n s have become e s t a b lis h e d on E. e s u la in Canada
d e s p it e e x t e n s iv e r e le a s e e f f o r t s
( H a r r i s and Al ex 1971, H a r r i s 1 9 8 4 ).
In te n s e l a r v a l
b e e t l e s , wasps and mice were the
p r e d a tio n by a n ts ,
10
reasons suggested f o r t h i s a g e n t 's f a i l u r e t o e s t a b l i s h .
(1 9 84 ),
H a r r is
f o r example, r e p o r te d t h a t th e percentage o f l a r v a l
s u r v iv a l
decreased in l i n e a r p r o p o r tio n t o th e number o f ants caught in p i t f a l l
tra p s .
In a d d i t i o n , cyto p las m ic and n u c le a r p o ly h e d ro s is v ir u s
i n f e c t i o n s were a ls o suggested as a cause o f s i g n i f i c a n t m o r t a l i t y
( H a r r i s e t a l . 1985)
In c o n t r a s t ,
p r e s e n t,
a t r e le a s e s i t e s in O n ta r io where cypress spurge is
e s ta b lis h m e n t has been common and d e f o l i a t i o n e x t e n s iv e .
Larval d e n s i t i e s as high as 27/m^ have been r e p o r te d and d is p e r s a l
t h i s s trong f l i e r has a ls o occurred over many square k ilo m e te r s
by
(H a rris
1 9 8 4 ).
B a tra (1 9 83 ) has r e p o r te d t h a t r e le a s e s made on cypress spurge in
New York, from l a r v a e c o l l e c t e d in O n t a r i o , have y i e l d e d e s t a b lis h e d
hawkmoth p o p u la tio n s which averaged between 12 - 21 la r v a e /m ^ .
d e f o l i a t i o n o f some cypress spurge stands oc curre d.
T o ta l
M o r t a l i t y o f the
spurge hawkmoth in New York was a t t r i b u t e d to p o ly h e d ro s is v i r u s ,
and even a racoon fe e d in g on pupae.
B a tra a ls o noted t h a t l a r g e r ,
o l d e r i n s t a r l a r v a e o c c a s io n a lly consumed th e small f i r s t
c o in c id e n ta l
in s ta r larvae
to t h e i r fe e d in g upon th e f o l i a g e .
Hawkmoth r e le a s e e f f o r t s
(1 9 80 a ,
a n ts ,
in Nebraska by Forwood and McCarthy
1980b) on l e a f y spurge f a i l e d t o produced an e s t a b lis h e d
p o p u la t io n .
These authors re p o rte d l a r v a l
and pupal p r e d a tio n by a n ts ,
b e e t le s and mice as s i g n i f i c a n t causes o f m o r t a l i t y .
11
Summary
Leafy spurge i s an agg res s ive e x o t ic weed t h a t has become
e s t a b l i s h e d in many areas o f th e U nite d S ta te s and Canada.
I t reduces
fo r a g e p r o d u c t i v i t y in p a s tu re s and rangelands o f th e Rocky .Mountains
and G reat P l a i n s .
H e rb ic id a T c o n tr o l
been c o s t e f f e c t i v e .
has been m a r g in a l l y successful
B io lo g ic a l c o n tr o l,
but i t
has not
using c o -e v o lv e d , host
s p e c i f i c i n s e c t s , may be a more prom ising means o f c o n t r o l l i n g l e a f y
spurge.
The f i r s t e f f o r t s a t b i o l o g i c a l
c o n tr o l o f l e a f y spurge began in
th e 1 9 6 0 's w ith th e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f th e spurge hawkmoth, a d e f o l i a t o r .
F i e l d s tu d ie s o f t h i s b i o l o g i c a l
c o n tr o l
agent have documented the
successful e s ta b lis h m e n t on E. c v p a r i s s i a s in e a s te rn North America and
t o a l i m i t e d degree on E. e s u la in Montana.
D iffic u ltie s
in
e s ta b lis h m e n t in th e n o rth e rn G reat P la in s have been a t t r i b u t e d to
la rv a l
and pupal p r e d a t io n and d is e a s e s .
Most authors have concluded
t h a t th e hawkmoth has been o n ly m a r g in a l l y successful
l e a f y spurge; o th e rs have considered i t
a t s tr e s s in g
an o u t r i g h t f a i l u r e .
12
CHAPTER 2
LABORATORY FECUNDITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPURGE HAWKMOTH,
Hvles euohorbiae ( L . ) (LEPIDOPTERA: SPHINGIDAE),
ON LEAFY SPURGE, Euphorbia e s u la L.
In tro d u c tio n
P r i o r s tu d ie s o f th e spurge hawkmoth, Hvles euohorbiae ( L . ) have
examined f e c u n d i t y (M oscardini
1 9 4 7 ).
European p o p u la tio n s o f th e moth.
T h is work was conducted on
A d d itio n a l
Forwood 1977) examined l a r v a l development.
s tu d ie s
(New 1971,
New (1 971) u t i l i z e d
hawkmoth l a r v a e fe e d in g on cypress spurge (E. c v o a r i s s i a s L . )
and
Forwood (1 9 77 ) had v ery few i n d i v i d u a l s in h is sample s i z e .
The o b j e c t iv e s o f t h i s p o r tio n o f t h i s th e s is were t o determ ine
spurge hawkmoth fe c u n d i t y and egg and l a r v a l developmental r a t e s a t
t h r e e c o n s ta n t tem peratu res on l e a f y spurge, E, e s u la L.
in fo r m a tio n w i l l
fie ld
s ite s
This
add to our understanding o f t h i s a g e n t 's b io lo g y a t
in western North America.
Behavioral aspects o f t h i s
i n s e c t ' s b io lo g y are a ls o discussed.
M a t e r i a l s and Methods
Larvae o f th e spurge hawkmoth were c o l l e c t e d from a f i e l d
3 . 2 km NE o f Bozeman, G a l l a t i n County, Montana in 1983.
s ite
Larvae were
fe d fr e s h le a v e s grown on l i v e p o tte d E. e s u la p la n ts u n t i l
th e y
13
completed t h e i r development and pupated.
Pupae were placed in an
in c u b a to r a t 4 0C f o r a minimum o f 60 d t o complete d ia p au s e .
Pupae
were then removed from cold sto ra g e and placed in a 1 .2 x 1 .2 x 3 . 2 m
screened cage i n s id e a greenhouse (25 0C, 16 h p h o to p e r io d ).
Flow ering
E. e s u la p la n ts were placed in th e screened cage and w atered as
necessary to p ro v id e a n e c t a r source and o v i p o s i t i o n s i t e s f o r a d u lt
hawkmoths.
O bservations p e r t a i n i n g to a d u l t emergence, f e e d in g , m a ting, and
fe c u n d i t y were recorded on a d a i l y b a s is .
At th e tim e o f o v i p o s i t i o n ,
p la n ts r e c e i v i n g eggs were im m ediately placed in an in c u b a t o r o p e ra tin g
a t one o f t h r e e te m p e ra tu re s : 20,, 25, o r 30 0C w ith a 16 h p h o to p e rio d .
Upon e c lo s io n each newly emerged f i r s t
from i t s o r i g i n a l
p la n t.
i n s t a r l a r v a was removed
host p l a n t and placed on i t s own i n d i v i d u a l
spurge
Before complete d e f o l i a t i o n o c cu rre d , each l a r v a was
t r a n s f e r r e d t o a new, v ig o r o u s ly growing p l a n t .
In fo r m a tio n on a d u l t
o v i p o s i t i o n b e h a v io r , th e d u r a tio n o f development o f eggs and each
la rv a l
in s ta r,
was re c o rd e d .
a d u l t and l a r v a l
fe e d in g b e h a v io r, and t h e i r m o r t a l i t y
F e cun dity was determ ined by d i r e c t counts o f eggs
o v ip o s ite d and by d i s s e c t i o n o f fem ales dying a f t e r o v i p o s i t i o n .
Results and Discussion
H. euohorbiae a d u lts emerged t h r e e to fo u r weeks a f t e r t h e i r
removal from cold s to r a g e .
Once f r e e o f t h e i r pupal case, a d u l t
hawkmoths clim bed upon th e n e a re s t v e r t i c a l
wings w ith hemolymph.
o b je c t and expanded t h e i r
A f t e r a p e r io d o f i n a c t i v i t y ,
hawkmoths u s u a lly
14
to o k f l i g h t w i t h i n th e r e a r i n g cage, o f t e n im bibing n e c t a r from spurge
e x tra flo ra l
n e c t a r i e s w h ile in f l i g h t .
S i m i l a r fe e d in g b e h a v io r was
observed throughout th e a d u l t I i f e s t a g e .
Hawkmoths mated n o c t u r n a l I y ; c o p u la tio n being abdomen to abdomen
w ith th e male abdomen not being t w is t e d
o v ip o s it e d on spurge le a v e s , b r a c t s ,
w a lls .
fifty
Eggs were l a i d s i n g l y ,
(Chapman 1 9 7 1 ).
Females
stems and o c c a s i o n a l l y on cage
in p a i r s ,
and in masses c o n t a in in g up to
eggs.
The mean number o f eggs l a i d by fem ale hawkmoths was 153 (± 7 .2
SEN) and th e mean number r e t a in e d a t death was 3 0 .1
range o f th e number o f eggs o v ip o s ite d was 3 to 261.
d iffe rs
(± 6 . 4 SEM).
T h is f i n d i n g
from th e range o f 70 to H O eggs re p o rte d f o r t h i s
Moscardini
(1 9 47 ).
The
species by
Al I o v ip o s ite d eggs were v i a b l e .
W ith in each o f th e l a b o r a t o r y te m p e ratu re regim es, egg
development was c o n stan t and decreased l i n e a r l y between each in c re a s in g
te m p e ratu re tr e a tm e n t (T a b le I ) .
20 0C t o 4 days a t 30 0C.
Egg development ranged from 7 days a t
The minimum th r e s h o ld f o r development was
e s tim a te d t o be 6 . 5 0C and is presented in Figure 5 ( Andrewartha and
B irc h 1954, Nowierski e t a l . 1 9 8 3 ).
Upon eel o s io n , newly emerged f i r s t
consumed t h e i r egg case.
Follow ing t h i s ,
th e umbel and began consuming i t s
la c k in g ,
flo ra l
in s ta r la rv a e fre q u e n tly
th e y craw led t o th e top o f
bracts.
I f flo ra l
b ra c ts were
l a r v a e would begin e a t in g th e a p ic a l meristem and th e youngest
le a v e s atop th e p l a n t .
15
Table I .
L a b o rato ry development tim e o f eggs and l a r v a e o f
H. euohorbiae a t th r e e c o n stan t te m p e ra tu re s .
Mean development tim e (± SEM) in days
20
n = 21
L ife s ta g e
Egg
I
II
III
IV
V
I - V
Egg - V
7 .0
4 .7
4 .1
7 .7
5 .5
11.2
3 3 .2
4 0 .2
(0 .0 0 )
(0 .1 0 )
(0 .0 7 )
(0 .1 5 )
(0 .1 1 )
(0 .3 3 )
(0 .4 1 )
(0 .4 1 )
Temperature 0C
25
n = 22
5 .0
3 .4
4 .5
3 .5
2 .7
7 .4
2 1 .5
2 6 .5
The l a r v a e fed g r e g a r i o u s l y ,
(0 .0 0 )
(0 .1 0 )
(0 .1 0 )
(0 .1 0 )
(0 .2 2 )
(0 .2 2 )
(0 .3 5 )
(0 .3 5 )
30
n = 39
4 .0
1 .9
2 .3
3 .2
2 .5
4 .3
14.3
17.9
(0 .0 0 )
(0 .0 6 )
(0 .0 8 )
(0 .0 7 )
(0 .1 0 )
(0 .1 0 )
(0 .1 1 )
(0 .1 1 )
and w h ile fr e q u e n t s i b l i n g
encounters were observed, l i t t l e
d is tu rb a n c e in l a r v a l
noted in th e f i r s t through t h i r d
in s ta rs .
t o l e r a t e d le s s p a s s iv e ly by the l a r g e r ,
f l i n c h and f l a i l
fe e d in g was
S i b l i n g encounters were
o l d e r l a r v a e , which would o ft e n
t h e i r heads when d is tu r b e d w h ile f e e d in g .
When l a r v a e
were t r a n s f e r r e d to new p l a n t s , th e a g i t a t e d animals would o fte n
r e g u r g i t a t e s a l i v a and f r e s h l y m a s tic a te d spurge le a v e s .
These
d ie m a tic behaviors may have a d a p tiv e s i g n i f i c a n c e both in p r e d a to r and
p a r a s i t i o d defense and in p a r t i t i o n i n g food i n t r a s p e c i f i c a l I y
(Edmunds
1974) Larval development e x h i b i t e d a s l i g h t l y g r e a t e r temporal
v a r i a b i l i t y than egg development but a ls o decreased l i n e a r l y w ith
in c re a s in g te m p e ratu re (T a b le I ) .
la rv a l
The c a l c u l a t e d minimum th re s h o ld f o r
development was 1 2 .8 0C (F ig u r e 6 ) .
An upper developmental
th r e s h o ld was not e s t a b lis h e d because th e spurge p la n ts began to
e x h i b i t w a te r s tr e s s a t tem peratures above 30 °C.
Cl
*
20
-
10-
T I
I
|
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
r
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
TEMPERATURE
Figure 5.
Reciprocal o f mean la b o r a to r y egg development time (x 100) f o r
Hyles euphorbiae ( I . ) regressed a g a in s t te m p e ratu re .
E rro r bars
re p re s e n t SEM.
r
17
Upon com pletion o f fe e d in g ,
p e r io d .
It
5th i n s t a r l a r v a e e n t e r a prepupal
i s d u rin g t h i s stage t h a t l a r v a e in th e f i e l d d is p e r s e and
seek out a s u i t a b l e s i t e
in o r on th e s o i l
in which to pupate.
In the
l a b o r a t o r y , these d is p e r s in g l a r v a e would ambulate f o r hours around th e
c irc u m fe re n c e o f th e p o tte d spurge p l a n t .
A c o n s id e r a b le c a l o r i c
e x p e n d itu re appears to occur a t t h i s p re -p u p a l s ta g e .
la b o ra to ry a ll
In the
l a r v a e were a b le to s u c c e s s fu lly pupate and no m o r t a l i t y
was observed.
The d u r a tio n o f l a r v a l
development a t 24 0C ( 2 2 .2 days; n = 82,
e x t r a p o l a t e d from th e r e g re s s io n e q u atio n in Fig u re 6) was g r e a t e r than
t h a t r e p o r te d by New (1 971) on cypress spurge ( 2 1 . 8 days; n = 50) and
Forwood (1 9 77 ) on l e a f y spurge ( 1 8 .4 days; n = 2 1 ) .
Two reasons f o r
t h i s r e p o r te d d i f f e r e n c e may be t h e i r use o f small p l a s t i c enclosures
t o r e a r th e l a r v a e , p o s s ib ly i n c r e a s i n g . t h e e f f e c t i v e te m p e ra tu re .
Second, t h e r e may have been d i f f e r e n t s e l e c t i o n pressures o p e r a tin g on
th e H. euohorbiae p r i o r t o th e i n i t i a t i o n
s tu d ie s .
o f th e r e s p e c t i v e development
In s e c ts in t h i s study were o b ta in e d from a f i e l d p o p u la tio n
e s t a b lis h e d in a cool c l i m a t e .
In c o n t r a s t , l a r v a e in th e o th e r
s tu d ie s o r i g i n a t e d from l a b o r a t o r y c o lo n ie s
(New 1971,
Forwood and
McCarty 1 9 8 0 a ) .
T h is study and those o f o th e rs (New 1971, Forwood 1977, Forwood
and McCarty 1980a,
1980b) have shown t h a t H. euohorbiae r e q u ir e s
r e l a t i v e l y warm te m peratu res f o r egg and l a r v a l developm ent.
th e heat accum ulation r e q u ire d f o r l a r v a l
is a n tic ip a te d th a t th is
in s e c t w i l l
Based on
e c lo s io n and development,
e x h i b i t a poor temporal
it
synchrony
w ith i t s weedy host in th e c l i m a t i c re g io n o f th e Rocky Mountains and
(savq) 0 0 1 * 1 /
5.16 + 0.40X
TEMPERATURE ( 0C)
Figure 6.
Reciprocal o f mean l a b o r a t o r y l a r v a l development time (x 100) f o r
HyJGs euphorbiae ( L . ) regressed a g a in s t te m p e ratu re .
E rro r bars
re p res e n t SEM.
19
n o rth e rn G reat P l a i n s .
For d e f o l i a t i o n t o p ro v id e th e most e f f e c t i v e
sexual r e p r o d u c t iv e s tr e s s on l e a f y spurge i t
season.
should occur e a r l y in the
However, l a t e - s e a s o n d e f o l i a t i o n could a f f e c t p l a n t
c arb o h y d ra te re s e rv e s and reduce th e c o m p e t it iv e advantage o f th e weed
by i n f l u e n c i n g regrowth th e f o l l o w i n g y e a r .
20
CHAPTER 3
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE SPURGE HAWKMOTH,
Hvles euphorbiae ( L . ) (LEPIDOPTERA:
SPHINGIDAE), ON LEAFY SPURGE,
Euphorbia e s u la L.
In tro d u c tio n
B io lo g ic a l c o n tro l
L .,
and cypress spurge,
e f f o r t s a g a in s t l e a f y spurge,
Euphorbia e s u la
E. c v o a r is s ia s L. began in 1965 w ith the
i n t r o d u c t i o n and r e le a s e o f th e spurge hawkmoth, Hvles euphorbiae ( L . ) ,
in Canada (W illia m s o n 1 9 6 6 ).
This was th e f i r s t o f numerous attem pts
t o e s t a b l i s h t h i s E urasian d e f o l i a t o r on these e x o t ic weeds in North
Am erica.
Of th e f i e l d
s tu d ie s which f o llo w e d , most have c entere d on
documenting th e success o f th e in s e c t in th e few areas where i t has
become e s t a b lis h e d o r in e x p la in in g th e d i f f i c u l t i e s
encountered in areas where i t
th is
in s e c t has
f a i l e d to e s t a b l i s h .
The o b j e c t iv e s o f t h i s s e c tio n o f t h i s th e s is were t o :
I)
conduct
a complete f i e l d census o f th e hawkmoth p o p u la tio n ; 2) q u a n t i f y r a te s
o f la rv a l
development in th e f i e l d ; 3) determ ine th e l a r v a l
s o il
e x c a v a tio n c a p a b i l i t y p r i o r to p u p a tio n ; 4) e s tim a te pupal
o v e r w in te r in g s u r v i v a l ;
and 5) assess th e lo c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n o f the
f i r s t e s t a b l i s h e d spurge hawkmoth p o p u la tio n on E. e s u la in North
Am erica.
21
M a t e r i a l s and Methods
The f i e l d re se a rch s i t e was e s t a b lis h e d in 1984, 3 . 2 km NE o f
Bozeman on th e g e n t l y s lo p in g , SW f a c i n g ,
mountain range ( e l e v a t i o n 1540 m.)
f o o t h i l l s o f th e B rid g e r
A fo u r ha s i t e was d e l im i t e d and
c o n s is te d o f a f o r m e r ly plowed area (dominated by Bromus ine rm is Leys,
and M e l i l o t u s o f f i c i n a l i s
[L .]
Lam.) and an unplowed n a t i v e g ra ss lan d
(a Festuca idahoensis E lm e r/Agroovron soicatum [ P u rs h .] S c r i bn. & Smith
h a b i t a t ty p e ; Mueggler and S te w a rt 1980; Fig u re 7 ) .
The f i e l d
in th e v i c i n i t y o f th e 1966 r e le a s e o f 290 H. euohorbiae l a r v a e
Chapter 5 ) .
Leafy spurge was abundant a t th e s i t e
i s o l a t e d clones as w e ll
as l a r g e r coalesced a re a s .
or patch was measured w ith a m e tr ic ta p e ,
th e area o f th e sample u n i t .
metal
each.
s i t e was
(See
in th e form o f
Each spurge clone
le n g th by w id th ,
to determ ine
Every clone was assigned a number and a
i d e n t i f i c a t i o n ta g was n a i le d t o th e s o i l
on th e n o rth s id e o f
Large patches were a r b i t r a r i l y sectio n e d i n t o s m a lle r u n its w ith
surveyors ta p e f o r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n
ground measurements, an a e r i a l
and measurement.
In c o n ju n c tio n w ith
photograph was taken o f th e s i t e and
each sample u n i t was o u t l i n e d on th e image (F ig u r e 8 ) .
A continuous
re cord o f te m p e ratu re and hum idity d a ta was obta ine d from a
hygrothermograph i n s t a l l e d
in s id e a standard w eather in s tru m e n t
en clo s u re a t th e c enter, o f th e s i t e .
A complete p o p u la tio n census o f hawkmOth l a r v a e was i n i t i a t e d
upon com pletion o f th e mapping.
i n s t a r s ta g e ,
F irs t,
th e number o f l a r v a e , t h e i r
and th e clone th e y were a s s o c ia te d w ith was recorded in
22
th e mapped area on a weekly b a s is .
Second, a developmental
implemented in which cohorts o f f i r s t
i n s t a r l a r v a e were counted and
t h e i r developmental phenology recorded on a d a i l y b a s is .
census was e s s e n t i a l
m o n ito r in g .
T h ird ,
survey was
The o v e r a l l
in l o c a t i n g new cohorts f o r d a i l y developmental
a v is u a l
exam ination o f l a r v a l
presence or absence
in patches o f l e a f y spurge in th e f o o t h i l l s o f th e B r id g e r Mountains
and th e a d ja c e n t S to r y H i l l s was perform ed.
This sampling provided an
i n d i c a t i o n o f th e p re s e n t geograp hical d i s t r i b u t i o n o f th e spurge
hawkmoth near Bozeman, Montana.
An a d d i t i o n a l
f i e l d experim ent.was a ls o conducted.
The f i r s t
phase o f t h i s experim ent (1 984) determ ined th e c a p a c it y o f th e l a r v a e
t o e xcavate a pupation s i t e
la rv a e
in th e hard s o i l .
Groups o f 40 f i f t h
(120 l a r v a e t o t a l ) were placed w i t h i n 3 p l a s t i c a re n a s .
in s ta r
Arenas
measured 10 x 8 x 3 dm and were covered by a 3 . 2 x 2 x 2 m screened
cage t o discourage avian p r e d a t io n .
Arenas were used t o e l i m i n a t e
i n v e r t e b r a t e and v e r t e b r a t e p re d a to rs and to c o n fin e th e l a r v a e .
The
second phase o f t h i s cage study in v o lv e d th e m o n ito rin g o f th e arenas
d u rin g th e s p rin g o f 1985 to measure a d u l t hawkmoth emergence and
o v e r w in te r in g m o r t a l i t y o f th e pupae.
Results and Discussion
A to ta l
to ta l
o f 140 l e a f y spurge sample u n its were i d e n t i f i e d .
The
o f th e spurge i n f e s t e d area was 10637 m^ o r 26 p e rc e n t o f th e
f o u r ha s i t e .
The mean sample u n i t was 7 7 .6 m^ (± 7 .3 SEM) w ith th e
range being t h r e e t o 530 n A
r li
—
ro
w
Figure 7.
Location o f B rid g e r f o o t h i l l s Hvles euohorbiae ( L . ) research s i t e
3 .2 km NE o f Bozeman, G a l l a t i n County, Montana.
S ca le :
2 .3 cm =
I km ( 1 . 5 in = I m . ) .
Figure 8 .
Eup h o rb ia e s u la L. clone l o c a t i o n map a t B rid g e r f o o t h i l l s Hvles
euphorbiae ( L . ) research s i t e .
140 spurge clones t o t a l i n g 10637
nr were d e l im i t e d on the fo u r ha s i t e .
25
The p o p u la tio n census o f th e f o u r ha s i t e r e v e a le d t h a t a w e l l e s t a b lis h e d hawkmoth p o p u la tio n e x i s t e d in th e area o f th e f i r s t
r e le a s e s o f t h i s a g e n t.
At th e h e ig h t o f th e p o p u la tio n a t o t a l
1643 l a r v a e were counted (F ig u r e 9 ) .
0 .1 9 l a r v a e f o r every
la rv a e /1 0 0
of
This t r a n s l a t e s to a p p ro xim a te ly
(± 0 .0 1 5 SEM) o f l e a f y spurge (range = 1.035
to 1 .0 4 la r v a e / m ^ ) .
F ig u re 10 i l l u s t r a t e s th e la c k o f c o r r e l a t i o n
( r = -0 .1 9 7 ,
P =
0 .0 2 9 ) between clone area and th e d e n s it y o f hawkmoth l a r v a e f o r e very
m2 o f l e a f y spurge.
T h is suggests t h a t a d u lt hawkmoth o v i p o s i t i o n was
not in flu e n c e d by th e s iz e o f th e spurge c lo n e .
Although th e l a r v a l
p o p u la tio n was r e a d i l y apparent d u rin g t h i s
s tu d y , th e moth was undetected f o r many y ea rs a f t e r th e i n i t i a l
re le a s e .
1966
T h is species was considered not t o have e s t a b lis h e d in
Montana u n t i l
1982 (S to r y 1 9 8 5 ).
A p l a u s i b l e e x p la n a tio n f o r t h i s
a g e n t 's e n ig m a tic e s ta b lis h m e n t is t h a t t h i s
in s e c t e x h i b i t e d an
e c l i p s e phase in which i t e x is t e d f o r y ea rs a t low numbers, be fo re
r a p i d l y in c r e a s in g
(Murry 1 9 8 5 ).
t h a t th e l a r v a e went unobserved.
w e ll w ith th e green v e g e t a t i o n ,
expe rien ce d o b s e rv e r.
more v i s i b l e
I f t h i s was th e case,
E a r ly i n s t a r s
(1 -3 )
it
i s p o s s ib le
a re s m a ll, blend
and a re d i f f i c u l t to see even by an
Fourth and f i f t h
i n s t a r l a r v a e a re l a r g e r and
(re d and b la c k aposomatic c o l o r a t i o n ;
F ig u r e 4 ) ,
but s t i l l
may have been missed i f o b s e rv a tio n s were not made d u rin g th e proper
tim e d u rin g th e summer.
The a g e - s t r u c t u r e and seasonal phenology o f th e spurge hawkmoth
a re shown in F ig u re 11.
F i r s t i n s t a r l a r v a e were v e ry small and
d i f f i c u l t t o d e t e c t , hence t h e i r low numbers.
A ll
o t h e r i n s t a r s were
26
w e ll
re p r e s e n te d .
As tim e proceeded, and heat u n it s accumulated
( H i g l e y e t a l . 1 9 8 6 ), th e phenology o f th e p o p u la tio n s h i f t e d to
second, t h i r d ,
It
f o u r t h , and f i f t h
la rv a l
i n s t a r developmental s ta g es .
i s im p o rta n t t o note t h a t due t o an extended p e rio d o f a d u lt
o v ip o s itio n , a ll
la rv a l
i n s t a r s were re p res e n te d in th e f i e l d
a t one
tim e .
P r i o r work by Harbich (1 976) r e v e a le d t h a t a d a y le n g th exceeding
16 h d u rin g th e f i n a l
two l a r v a l
i n s t a r s causes non-diapause pupae and
m u l t i v o l t i n e b e h a v io r in t h i s s p e c ie s .
The J u l ia n d ates corresponding
t o th e 16 h photo period a t t h i s s i t e were 160 to 190,
t h i s p o p u la tio n
suggesting t h a t
( J u l i a n dates = 190 to 240) d id not c o n t r i b u t e to a
second g e n e r a tio n .
D a i l y m o n ito rin g o f 52 in d i v i d u a l
cohorts t o t a l i n g
123 l a r v a e
r e v e a le d c o n s id e r a b le v a r i a t i o n in th e mean developmental r a t e f o r a
p a r t i c u l a r mean te m p e ra tu re .
( r = 0 .4 0 ,
Fig u re 12 i l l u s t r a t e s
a loose c o r r e l a t i o n
P = 0 .0 3 7 ) between r a t e o f co h o rt development and average
te m p e r a tu re .
Due to t h i s poor c o r r e l a t i o n ,
a minimum developmental
th r e s h o ld could not be determ ined from th e f i e l d d a t a .
Estim ates o f
te m p e ra tu re from th e s in g le w eather s t a t i o n a t th e s i t e l i k e l y
c o n t r ib u t e d to th e poor r e l a t i o n s h i p found between l a r v a l
and te m p e r a tu re .
development
Perhaps th e r e were enough m i c r o s i t e d i f f e r e n c e s to
th w a r t an a c c u ra te e s t im a tio n o f te m p eratu res e xperien ced by th e l a r v a .
O ther reasons f o r th e v a r i a b l e r a t e s may in c lu d e a c tu a l developmental
v a r i a t i o n due t o dis ea s e o r p l a n t n u t r i e n t q u a l i t y .
Causes f o r m o r t a l i t y o f th e spurge hawkmoth in th e f i e l d were
a ls o s tu d ie d .
During th e egg s ta g e , wind, r a i n ,
and h a i l were observed
NUMBER OF LARVAE
1600
1200
-
-
800
—
400
-
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
DEGREE DAYS > 12.8 0C
JULY
Figure 9.
AUGUST
Hvles euohorbiae ( L . ) f i e l d p o p u la tio n census ( a l l l a r v a l in s t a r s
combined) from the B r id g e r f o o t h i l l s research s i t e (1 9 8 4 ).
Degree
days c a l c u l a t e d from H ig le y e t a l . (1986) sine wave method.
DENSITY
(LARVAE/1 Om2 SPURGE)
2.234 - 0.000371 X
140
r = -0.197
100
200
300
400
500
600
CLONE AREA (m 2)
F ig u re 10.
R e la t io n s h ip o f Hvles euohorbiae ( L . ) l a r v a l d e n s ity (during peak
p o p u la tio n , J u ly 1984) to Euphorbia esula L. clone area a t the
B rid g e r f o o t h i l l s research s i t e .
Fig u re 11.
Hyles euphorbiae ( L . ) f i e l d p o p u la tio n census ( i n s t a r s 1 -5 ) from
the B ridge r f o o t h i l l s research s i t e (1 9 8 4 ).
Degree days
c a lc u la t e d from H ig le y e t a l . (1986) sine wave method.
30
t o d is lo d g e eggs from spurge p l a n t s .
It
is not known w hether these
eggs s u c c e s s f u lly developed a f t e r being d is lo d g e d .
La rva l performance was a ls o a f f e c t e d by both a b i o t i c and b i o t i c
in flu e n c e s .
Larvae stopped fe e d in g when exposed t o low tem peratures
and t h e i r exposed p o s i t i o n on th e host p l a n t made them v u ln e r a b le to
fre e z in g .
Symptoms o f dis ea s e became e v id e n t in th e f i e l d du rin g these
p e rio d s o f low te m p e ra tu re .
O ther m o r t a l i t y f a c t o r s in c lu d e d l a r v a e
t h a t were found on th e ground being preyed upon by ants and c a ra b id
b e e tle s .
Some l a r v a e were observed w ith wounds on t h e i r dorsal
s u rfa c e
as i f th e y had escaped avian p r e d a t o r s .
R e s u lts from th e caged arenas in which l a t e 5th i n s t a r l a r v a e
were placed r e v e a le d t h a t a l l
e xcavate a pupation s i t e
120 l a r v a e were a b le to s u c c e s s fu lly
in o r on th e s o i l
s u r fa c e .
In s p rin g o f th e
f o l l o w i n g y e a r , t h i s cage was m onitored c lo s e l y and o b s e rv a tio n s
r e v e a le d t h a t o f th e 120 l a r v a e t h a t were i n s t a l l e d o n ly 67 a d u lts
emerged.
T h is t r a n s l a t e s t o an o v e r w in te r in g m o r t a l i t y o f 44%.
im p o rta n t t o note t h a t t h i s degree o f pupal s u r v iv a l
It
is
(56%) was a t t a i n e d
o n ly w ith th e e x c lu s io n o f th e l a r g e r v e r t e b r a t e pupal p r e d a to r s .
Pupal d e s ic c a t io n
( f r e q u e n t l y observed in th e l a b o r a t o r y )
and
i n v e r t e b r a t e p re d a to rs (See Chapter 4) may have c o n t r ib u t e d to t h i s
o v e r w in te r in g pupal m o r t a l i t y .
A v is u a l
fo o th ills
survey o f spurge patches throughout th e B rid g e r
and S to ry H i l l s
km in th e l a s t 20 y e a r s .
re v e a le d t h a t th e in s e c t has d is p ers e d over 5
N e a rly e ve ry spurge patch t h a t was examined
was occupied by th e hawkmoth.
At some s i t e s ,
hawkmoth l a r v a l
d e n s itie s
exceeded 1/m2 ; a t o th e r s i t e s , o n ly a few l a r v a e / h a could be found.
2.55 + 0.51 X
TEMPERATURE
Fig u re 12.
Reciprocal o f mean l a r v a l development tim e (x 100) f o r f i e l d
cohorts o f Hyles euphorbiae ( I . ) regressed a g a in s t te m peratu re.
32
D e s p ite th e 20 y ea rs sin ce th e spurge hawkmoth was f i r s t re le a s e d
at th is s ite ,
it
has not y e t a t t a i n e d a p o p u la tio n d e n s i t y necessary to
s u b s t a n t i a l l y s tr e s s t h i s p e re n n ia l weed.
It
appears t h a t th e
p o p u la tio n l e v e l s a t t a i n e d by t h i s species have had l i t t l e
weed d e n s i t y and may f i t
impact on
th e model proposed by B rie s e (1 9 8 5 )
in which
an a g e n t 's p o p u la tio n d e n s it y s t a b i l i z e s below t h a t which impacts th e
t a r g e t weed.
D e f o l i a t i o n by t h i s in s e c t upon i t s host i s i l l - t i m e d to
i n t e r r u p t th e p l a n t ' s sexual r e p r o d u c t io n .
th e f o l i a g e ,
As l a r v a e begin to feed on
th e p l a n t i s a lr e a d y producing seed.
be an e f f e c t i v e sexual r e p r o d u c t iv e s t r e s s ,
th e p l a n t ' s phenology.
it
For d e f o l i a t i o n to
should occur e a r l i e r in
The d e f o l i a t i o n caused by t h i s
in s e c t
undoubtedly reduces p l a n t biomass and c arb ohydrate r e s e r v e s .
In fo r m a tio n needs to be g a thered which examines t o what e x t e n t t h i s
l a t e d e f o l i a t i o n reduces regrowth and r e p ro d u c tio n in th e f o l l o w i n g
year.
W hile th e r e p r o d u c t iv e c a p a c ity and d is p e r s a l
c a p a b i l i t i e s o f the
hawkmoth are adequate, t h e r e are fo u r n e g a tiv e f a c t o r s which reduce i t s
c o n tr o l
v a lu e .
I)
The poor synchrony o f th e hawkmoth w it h i t s
host was
mentioned above; 2) The u b iq u ito u s presence o f a d is e a s e in t h i s
p o p u la tio n may dampen th e e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f th e hawkmoth in th e f i e l d
and reduce th e v a lu e o f t h i s
in s e c t when r e a r i n g i t
in th e la b o r a t o r y
f o r r e d i s t r i b u t i o n and f i e l d r e le a s e ; 3) The presence o f n a t i v e n a tu r a l
enemies may c o n tin u e to a d v e rs e ly e f f e c t hawkmoth e s ta b lis h m e n t and
p o p u la tio n b u ild u p ; 4) F i n a l l y , th e presence o f newly in tro d u c e d agents
( H a r r i s e t a l . 1985,
more s t r e s s f u l
Pemberton 1985, Rees e t a l . 1 9 8 6 ), p o t e n t i a l l y
on th e t a r g e t p l a n t ,
support th e c onclus ion t h a t the
33
spurge hawkmoth may o n ly be e f f e c t i v e when used in c o n ju n c tio n w ith
a d d itio n a l
in tr o d u c e d 1 a gents.
34
CHAPTER 4
PUPAL PREDATION OF THE SPURGE HAWKMOTH, Hvles euohorbiae
( L . ) (LEPIDOPTERA: SPHI NGI DAE), AN INTRODUCED
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OF LEAFY SPURGE,
Euphorbia e s u la L.
In tro d u c tio n
M o r t a l i t y o f th e spurge hawkmoth ( Hvles euohorbiae [ L . ] ) , an
in tro d u c e d b i o l o g i c a l
c o n tr o l
agent o f th e p e r e n n ia l weedy spurges
( Euphorbia e s u la L. and E. c v o a r is s ia s L . ) , has been r e p o r te d by a
number o f re s e a rc h e rs in North America.
These s tu d ie s have included
pupal m o r t a l i t y due to s u b fre e z in g tem peratu res ( H a r r i s and Al ex 1 9 7 1 ),
and l a r v a l
and pupal p r e d a tio n by v e r t e b r a t e s
in v e rte b ra te s
(a n ts ,
(mice and raccoons) and
b e e t le s and wasps; H a r r i s and A le x 1971, H a r r is
1984, Forwood 1977, Forwood and McCarthy 1980a, B a tra 1 9 8 3 ).
O b servations o f th e symptoms a s s o c ia te d w ith p o ly h e d ro s is v ir u s
i n f e c t i o n have been r e p o r te d in Canada and th e U n ite d S ta te s
(Baker
1973, B a tra 1983, H a r r i s 1987, p e rs . comm.).
S tu d ie s o f p r e d a tio n o f pupae o f phytophagous b i o l o g i c a l
agents have g e n e r a l l y been q u a l i t a t i v e
c o n tro l
(Forwood 1977, B a tra 1 9 8 3 ).
However, re s e a rc h e rs in o th e r f i e l d s have measured th e pupal m o r t a l i t y
r a t e s o f f o r e s t in s e c t pests (Buckner 1959a, 1959b,
1966, S ch o enfelder
e t a l . 1978, Campbell and Torgersen 1983, Campbell e t a l . 1 9 8 3 ),
a g ric u ltu ra l
in s e c t pests (sorghum, Temerak 1979; c o rn , Young 1985;
a p p le s , Hagley e t a l . 1982; cabbage, Strandberg 1981) and rangeland
35
pests (Bellow s e t a l . 1 9 8 2 ).
O ther s tu d ie s have examined pupal
p r e d a tio n o f some non-pest species (N ie ls e n 1977, Young 1982, Wiklund
and S i l l e n - T u l l b e r g 1 9 8 5 ).
Diseases, such as i n f e c t i o n o f pupae by
nematodes (Kaya and Kara 1980) may a ls o c o n tr o l
in s e c t pest
p o p u la tio n s .
The purpose o f t h i s p o r tio n o f t h i s th e s is was t o measure th e
l e v e l s o f p r e d a tio n on spurge hawkmoth pupae near Bozeman, Montana
d u rin g a two y e a r p e r io d .
The im p l ic a t i o n s o f pupal p r e d a t io n were
a ls o examined in th e c o n te x t o f r e le a s e and r e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t h i s
b io lo g ic a l
c o n tr o l
agent.
M a t e r i a l s and Methods
The Bozeman study s i t e had an e x te n s iv e i n f e s t a t i o n o f E. e s u la
and was lo c a te d 3 . 2 km NE o f Bozeman, Montana in th e SW fa c in g
f o o t h i l l s o f th e B r id g e r Mountain range, e le v a t i o n 1540 m (See Chapter
3 ).
The s i t e had an e s t a b lis h e d H. euphorbiae p o p u la tio n p r e s e n t.
Pupae o f th e spurge hawkmoth were obta ine d by r e a r i n g f i e l d -
c o lle c te d ,
fifth
i n s t a r l a r v a e by two methods: I )
l a r v a e were provided
f r e s h l y c u t spurge bouquets placed in one l i t e r p l a s t i c b o t t l e s
c o n ta in in g fr e s h w a t e r ,
spaced a t 0 . 5 m i n t e r v a l s ,
i n s id e a caged-
sandbox outdoors; 2) l a r v a e were placed on bouquets o f l e a f y spurge in
p l a s t i c tubs c o n ta in in g sand in th e l a b o r a t o r y .
A f t e r p u p a tio n , th e
sand from both methods was g e n t l y s i f t e d t o l o c a t e th e pupae.
These
were c o l l e c t e d and held in a in c u b a to r o p e r a tin g a t 4 °C f o r l a t e r use
in th e f i e l d
s t u d ie s .
36
The exp e rim en tal design was adapted from Buckner's (1959b) study
on pupal p r e d a tio n o f th e l a r c h s a w fly .
S ix tr e a tm e n ts were employed
which in v o lv e d th e a l t e r n a t e placement o f 50 v i a b l e hawkmdth pupae on
th e s o i l
s u rfa c e and 50 b u rie d 4 cm below th e s u rfa c e ( F ig u r e 1 3 ) .
T h is was done on th e open range and w i t h i n two
cages.
s o il
3 . 2 x 2 x 2 m screened
Cages were e i t h e r c o m p le te ly sealed a t th e base (by packing
around th e base) o r sem i-s e ale d (by l o o s e l y p la c in g s o i l
th e b a s e ).
pupae.
The open tr e a tm e n ts allow ed a l l
around
p re d a to rs t o have access to
The s e m i-s e ale d cage tr e a tm e n ts were employed to e l i m i n a t e
v e r t e b r a t e p r e d a to rs (a v ia n p re d a to rs and l a r g e mammals) and th e sealed
cage attem pted to e l i m i n a t e a l l
p re d a to rs except small
The study was conducted in 1984 and 1985.
in v e rte b ra te s .
Pupae in th e open tr e a tm e n ts
were spaced a t one and th r e e m i n t e r v a l s du rin g th e f i r s t and second
y e a rs o f stu d y , r e s p e c t i v e l y .
The d is ta n c e o f th r e e meters was chosen
because i t c l o s e l y approximated th e mean hawkmoth l a r v a l
th is s it e .
d e n s it y a t
A n a ly s is o f th e percentage o f pupae s u r v i v i n g f o r each
tr e a tm e n t on each sampling d a te was perform ed.
Each tr e a tm e n t
percentage v a lu e was n orm alized using an a r c s in e t r a n s fo r m a t io n
(Z a r
1984) and then t e s t e d f o r s i g n i f i c a n c e among tr e a tm e n ts using an
a n a ly s is o f v a r ia n c e and a Newman-Keuls s e q u e n tia l
te s t
s tu d e n tiz e d range
(Snedecor and Cochran 1 9 6 7 ).
Results and Discussion
The f i r s t y e a r o f study (1 984) r e v e a le d a v ery r a p id d e c lin e in
th e number o f pupae s u r v iv in g th e open tr e a tm e n ts
(F ig u r e 1 4 ) .
37
A ll
pupae in th e o p e n -s u rfa ce and ope n -b u rie d tr e a tm e n ts were consumed
d u rin g th e f i r s t s i x and t h i r t e e n days, r e s p e c t i v e l y .
A r a p id d e c l i n e in pupal s u r v iv a l was a ls o observed in th e semis e a le d - s u r f a c e t r e a t m e n t .
In c o n t r a s t , pupal m o r t a l i t y was le s s severe
in th e s e m i-s e a le d -b u r ie d t r e a t m e n t .
These bu rie d pupae ( w i t h i n the
s e m i-s e a le d cage) must have been le s s d e t e c t a b l e than th e s u rfa c e
pupae, r e s u l t i n g in Tower m o r t a l i t y .
h ig h e s t s u r v i v a l
The sealed cage produced the
r a t e s a t th e c onclusion o f th e f i r s t y e a r ' s study.
Comparison o f th e mean p r o p o r tio n o f pupae (b u r ie d and s u rfa c e
combined) s u r v iv in g th e open range, s e m i-s e ale d cage, and sealed cage
tr e a tm e n ts i l l u s t r a t e d th e v u l n e r a b i l i t y o f th e pupae t o p re d a tio n and
th e importance o f p r e d a t o r e x c lu s io n (T a b le 2 ) .
During 1984, pupae in th e open tr e a tm e n ts e x h i b i t e d 100 p e rcent
m o r t a l i t y w i t h i n t h i r t e e n days.
among a l l
S i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s Were observed
tr e a tm e n ts on every sampling d a te ( p < 0 . 0 5 ) .
H ig h ly
s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s were observed among tr e a tm e n ts on th e s ix t h
through th e s ix t e e n t h days o f pupal exposure ( p < 0 . 0 1 ) .
sea led cage, which attem pted to exclude a l l
S u r v iv a l
in th e
p r e d a t o r s , was
s i g n i f i c a n t l y g r e a t e r than th e open and sem i-s e ale d tr e a tm e n ts
throughout 1984 ( p < 0 . 0 1 ) .
As was expected f o r th e s e m i-s e a le d
t r e a t m e n t s , pupal s u r v iv o r s h ip occurred a t l e v e l s between th e o th e r
tr e a tm e n t s .
During 1985 pupal p re d a tio n continued to remain h ig h ,
p a r t i c u l a r l y f o r th e open tr e a tm e n ts ( F ig u r e 1 5 ) .
The open s u rfa c e and
open b u rie d tr e a tm e n ts again e x h i b i t e d th e h ig h e s t l e v e l s o f p r e d a t io n ,
but th e degree and r a t e o f m o r t a l i t y was le s s severe than du rin g 1984.
.
OPEN RANGE
I
I
O
O
OO
00
OO
CO
S
OO
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
S
B
S
CO
S
CO
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
CO
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
CO
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
S
B
S
B
S
CO
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
CO
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
S
B
S
B
S
CO
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
CO
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
CO
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
S
I
I
S
I
B
UO
SEALED AND SEMI-SEALED CAGES
CO
(Z)
Figure 13.
B
S
B
S
B
S
B
D ia g ram a tic r e p r e s e n ta tio n o f the placement o f s urfa ce (S) and
buried (B) Hvles euohorbiae ( L . ) pupae to examine p re d a tio n .
Spacing o f pupae in open range treatm ents was I m and 3 m i n 1984
and 1985, r e s p e c t i v e l y .
Spacing o f pupae in the Sealed and Semisealed tre a tm e n ts was I dm both y e a rs .
B
39
In c r e a s in g th e spacing o f th e pupae from one to t h r e e meters may have
c o n t r i b u t e d to th e re d u c tio n in m o r t a l i t y in the open range tr e a tm e n t s .
T able 2.
Mean p r o p o r tio n o f H. euohorbiae pupae s u r v iv in g
p r e d a tio n under th r e e tr e a tm e n ts (1 9 8 4 )1 .
DAYS
EXPOSED
OPEN RANGE
n = 200
2
4
6
7
10
13
16
18
20
26
7 8 .0
6 4 .0
2 4 .5
8 .5
0 .5
0 .0
0 .0
0 .0
0 .0
0 .0
(0 .4 7 )a
(0 .7 4 )a
(0 .6 0 )a a
( 0 . 28)aa
(0 .0 5 )a a
(0 .0 0 )a a
(O.OO)aa
(0 .0 0 )a
(0 .0 0 )a
(0 .0 0 )a
SEMI-SEALED
CAGE
n = 100
8 5 .0
7 2 .0
6 8 .0
5 9 .0
3 6 .0
2 4 .0
1 5 .0
1 1.0
1 1.0
8 .0
(0 .2 1 )b
(0 .3 8 )b
(0 .3 9 ) b b
(0 .4 6 )b b
(0 .4 2 ) b b
(0 .3 3 ) b b
(0 .3 0 ) b b
(0 .2 6 )b
(0 .2 6 )b
( 0 . 19)b
SEALED
CAGE
n = 100
9 7 .0
9 6 .0
9 2 .0
8 9 .0
8 9 .0
8 7 .0
8 7 .0
8 3 .0
8 3 .0
8 0 .0
(0 .1 0 )c
(0 .1 1 )c
( 0 . 15)cc
( 0 . 19)cc
( 0 . 19)cc
(0 .2 3 )c c
(0 .2 3 )c c
(0 .2 3 )c
(0 .2 3 )c
(0 .2 4 )c
^Values [means ± ( S E )] fo llo w e d by a d i f f e r e n t l e t t e r w i t h i n a
row were s i g n i f i c a n t l y d i f f e r e n t ( p < 0 . 0 5 ) .
Double l e t t e r s
imply h i g h l y s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s ( p < 0 . 0 1 ) .
A comparison o f th e mean p r o p o r tio n o f pupae (b u r ie d and s u rfa ce
combined) s u r v iv in g th e open range, sem i-s e ale d cage,
and sea led -ca ge
tre a tm e n ts d u rin g 1985 again documented th e high degree o f pupal
p re d a tio n in th e open f i e l d
caged tre a tm e n ts
(T a b le 3 ) .
and a r e d u c tio n in m o r t a l i t y w i t h i n the
While pupae in the open tr e a tm e n ts
s u ffe r e d s i g n i f i c a n t l y more p re d a tio n than the o th e r two tre a tm e n ts on
a ll
dates ( p < 0 . 0 1 ) ,
little
d i f f e r e n c e was observed between th e sealed
and s e m i-s e a le d cages (p > 0 .0 5 , Table 3 ) ,
ele v en days a f t e r exposure ( p < 0 . 0 5 ) .
except on one sampling d a te ,
OSV SSS
TIME (DAYS)
AUGUST
Figure 14.
SEPTEMBER
Hyles euphorbiae ( L . ) pupal s u r v iv a l (p e rc e n t) through tim e .
Pupal tre a tm e n ts :
Open range s u rfa c e (OS) and buried (OB); Semisealed cage s u rfa ce (SSS) and bu rie d (SSB), Sealed cage surface
(SS) and b u rie d (SB); 1984.
41
U n f o r t u n a t e ly , th e sealed cage d id not exclude small ants (c a .
1-
2 mm in s i z e ) and f o r t u i t o u s l y had h ig h e r p re d a tio n l e v e l s than the
s e m i-s e a le d tr e a t m e n t .
However, t h i s d i f f e r e n c e was not s i g n i f i c a n t
(T a b le 3 ) .
Table 3.
Mean p r o p o r tio n o f H. euohorbiae pupae s u r v iv in g
p r e d a tio n under th r e e tr e a tm e n ts (1985)
DAYS
EXPOSED
OPEN RANGE
SEMI-SEALED
CAGE
n = 100
n = 200
3
5
7
9
11
15
18
20
28
4 0 .0
3 4 .0
2 5 .5
2 0 .5
1 6 .0
1 3 .5
1 1 .5
1 1 .5
1 0 .5
(0 .2 5 )a
(0 .3 4 )a
(0 .3 7 )a
(0 .3 5 )a
( 0 . 2 8)a
(0 .3 1 )a
(0 .2 6 )a
(0 .2 6 )a
(0 .2 4 )a
9 8 .0
9 8 .0
9 6 .0
9 4 .0
9 0 .0
8 9 .0
8 5 .0
8 5 .0
8 4 .0
(0 .0 6 )b
(0 .0 6 )b
(0 .0 9 )b
(0 .1 0 )b
( 0 . 15)b
( 0 . 15)b
( 0 . 17)b
(0 .3 2 )b
( 0 . 18)b
SEALED
CAGE
n = 100
9 9 .0
9 9 .0
9 9 .0
9 7 .0
9 7 .0
8 3 .0
7 7 .0
8 5 .0
7 6 .0
(0 .0 5 )b
(0 .0 5 )b
(0 .0 5 )b
(0 .0 8 )b
(0 .0 8 )c
(0 .2 3 )b
(0 .3 0 )b
(0 .2 9 )b
(0 .2 9 )b
1Values [means ± ( S E )] fo llo w e d by a d i f f e r e n t l e t t e r w i t h i n a
row were s i g n i f i c a n t l y d i f f e r e n t ( p < 0 . 0 5 ) .
A d d itio n a l
comparisons re v e a le d t h a t buried pupae had a lo n g e r
d u r a tio n o f s u r v iv a l
and s i g n i f i c a n t l y g r e a t e r o v e r a l l
than th e corresponding s u rfa c e tr e a tm e n t f o r a l l
T able 4 ) .
s u r v iv o r s h ip
dates in 1984 (p < 0 .0 1 ,
This suggests t h a t one o f th e best defenses f o r the
c r y p t i c a l l y c o lo red pupa is to be b u rie d in the s o i l .
S i m i l a r tre n d s in pupal
S ig n ific a n t d iffe re n c e s
s u r v iv a l were obta ine d in 1985 (T a b le 5 ) .
(p < 0 .0 5 ) were observed between b u rie d versus
pupae t h a t were placed on the s o i l
day f i f t e e n
(p > 0 .0 5 ).
s u rfa c e on a l l
sampling dates except
PERCENT SURVIVAL
O SSB
TIME (DAYS)
AUGUST
Figure 15.
'
SEPTEMBER
Hyles euphorbiae ( L ) . pupal s u r v iv a l (p e rc e n t) through tim e .
Pupal tre a tm e n ts :
Open range s urfa ce (OS) and buried (OB); Semisealed cage s u rfa ce (SSS) and buried (SSB), Sealed cage surface
(SS) and bu rie d (SB); 1985.
43
T a b le 4.
DAYS
EXPOSED
2
4
6
7
10
13
16
18
20
26
Mean p r o p o r tio n o f H. euohorbiae pupae s u r v iv in g
p r e d a tio n under two tr e a tm e n ts (1 9 8 4 )1 .
BURIED
n = 200
9 8 .3
9 8 .0
8 3 .0
7 1 .6
5 7 .6
4 9 .3
4 3 .3
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
3 7 .3
(0 .0 4 )a a
(0 .0 4 )a a
(0 .2 3 )a a
(0 .3 6 )a a
(0 .3 9 )a a
(0 .4 0 )a a
(0 .4 2 )a a
(0 .4 2 )a a
(0 .4 2 )a a
(0 .4 0 )a a
SOIL SURFACE
n = 200
7 5 .0
5 6 .6
4 0 .0
3 2 .6
2 6 .0
2 4 .6
2 4 .6
2 2 .6
2 2 .6
2 1 .3
( 0 . 18)bb
(0 .2 9 ) b b
( 0 .3 4 )b b
(0 .3 3 ) b b
( 0 .3 5 )b b
( 0 .3 4 )b b
( 0 .3 4 )b b
( 0 .3 1 )b b
( 0 .3 1 )b b
( 0 .2 9 )b b
lv a lu e s [means ± ( S E )] fo llo w e d by a d i f f e r e n t double l e t t e r
w i t h i n a row were h i g h l y s i g n i f i c a n t l y d i f f e r e n t ( p < 0 . 0 1 ) .
T a b le 5.
DAYS
EXPOSED
3
5
7
9
11
15
18
20
28
Mean p r o p o r tio n o f H. euohorbiae pupae s u r v iv in g
p r e d a tio n under two tr e a tm e n ts (1 9 8 5 )1 .
BURIED
n = 200
8 2 .0
8 0 .0
7 8 .6
7 5 .6
7 2 .6
6 5 .6
6 4 .0
6 4 .0
6 3 .6
(0 .2 3 )a a
(0 .2 7 )a
(0 .2 9 )a a
(0 .3 2 )a a
(0 .3 5 )a a
(0 .3 5 )a
(0 .3 5 )a
(0 .3 5 )a a
(0 .3 6 )a a
SOIL SURFACE
n = 200
7 6 .0
7 4 .0
6 8 .3
6 5 .3
6 2 .6
5 8 .0
5 1 .6
5 1 .0
5 0 .0
(0 .2 8 ) b b
(0 .3 1 )b
( 0 .3 5 )b b
(0 .3 6 ) b b
( 0 .3 4 )b b
(0 .3 4 )a
(0 .3 3 )b
( 0 .3 2 )b b
( 0 .3 2 )b b
lv a lu e s [means ± ( S E )] fo llo w e d by a d i f f e r e n t l e t t e r w i t h i n a
row were s i g n i f i c a n t l y d i f f e r e n t ( p < 0 . 0 5 ) .
Double l e t t e r s
imply h i g h l y s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s ( p < 0 . 0 1 ) .
44
P red a to rs re s p o n s ib le f o r pupal m o r t a l i t y in c lu d e d b i r d s ,
grasshoppers and small mammals.
a n ts ,
B irds were observed to move both the
b u rie d and s u rfa c e pupae t o a d ja c e n t areas f o r consumption.
Ants and
grasshoppers o f t e n i n t e r n a l l y mined th e pupal case and consumed i t s
c o n te n ts , w h i le small mammals tended t o devour th e e n t i r e pupa le a v in g
o n ly p a r ts o f th e c u t i c l e re m ain in g .
W hile i t
is d o u b tfu l t h a t th e p r e d a to rs re s p o n s ib le f o r pupal
lo s s e x h i b i t e d a num erical response (Solomon 1949) t o th e u n i v o l t i n e
prey, a fu n c tio n a l
response is a l i k e l y p o s s i b i l i t y .
As in the case o f
th e 1984 open and s e m i-s e a le d tr e a tm e n t s , v e r t e b r a t e p r e d a to rs may have
e x h i b i t e d t h e i r c a p a c it y f o r l e a r n i n g and search image development
(M o il i n g 1961) r e s u l t i n g in th e lo s s o f 276 pupae in 13 days.
R e s u lts from t h i s study Show t h a t p r e d a tio n o f H. euohorbiae
pupae re p re s e n ts a s i g n i f i c a n t p r o p o r tio n o f th e t o t a l m o r t a l i t y o f
th is
in s e c t.
S im ila rly ,
re se a rch on pupal p re d a to rs o f f o r e s t in s e c t
pests have r e v e a le d t h e i r importance in reducing p o p u la tio n s iz e ( K e l l y
and Regniere 1 9 8 5 ), t h i s being suggested as th e c r i t i c a l
re g u la tin g
i n f l u e n c e f o r c e r t a i n d e f o l i a t o r species (Campbell and Torgersen 1 9 8 3 ).
E f f o r t s to e s t a b l i s h new p o p u la tio n s o f t h i s agent would
th e re fo re b e n e fit g r e a tly i f la rv a e ,
p r o te c te d from p r e d a t i o n . .
and th e r e s u l t i n g pupae, were
Methods, which reduce p r e d a t io n ,
such as
p la c in g th e l a r v a e in s id e a screened cage o r surrounding them by a
p l a s t i c arena in s id e a cage, would be recommended.
W ith o u t such
p r o t e c t i o n , th e high l e v e l s o f pupal m o r t a l i t y s u ffe r e d by t h i s
reduce th e o p p o r tu n it y f o r a l a r g e p o p u la tio n b u ild u p .
in s e c t
45
It
has been 20 y ea rs sin ce th e f i r s t r e le a s e o f 290 l a r v a e a t
t h i s s i t e and each y e a r in te n s e s e l e c t i o n pressure has taken i t s t o l l
on th e p o p u la tio n .
Perhaps, we need t o be p a t i e n t and w a i t f o r t h i s
in s e c t t o reach a new e q u i l i b r i u m which i s le s s a f f e c t e d by the
n e g a t iv e i n f l u e n c e o f pupal p r e d a tio n r e p o r te d in t h i s s tu d y .
46
CHAPTER 5
HISTORY OF RELEASES OF
Hvles euphorbias ( L . ) ,
AGENT OF LEAFY SPURGE,
IN MONTANA,
THE SPURGE HAWKMOTH,
A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
Euphorbia e s u la L . ,
U. S. A.
In tro d u c tio n
Beginning in 1965, m u l t i p l e r e le a s e s o f th e spurge hawkmoth,
Hvles euphorbias ( L . )
1967,
1968,
1980a,
have occurred in North America (W illia m s o n 1966,
1980b; USDA Unpublished Records).
Releases were
made in an a tte m p t to c o n tr o l th e e x o t i c p e re n n ia l weeds l e a f y spurge,
Euphorbia e s u la L . ,
and cypress spurge,
E. c v o a r is s ia s L.
( H a r r i s and
A le x 1 9 7 1 ).
In Montana, l e a f y spurge i n f e s t s over 2 20 ,00 0 ha (Nobel e t a l .
1979) and i s e c o n o m ic a lly damaging in 23 o f 54 c o u n tie s (Dunn 1 9 7 9 ).
Numerous r e le a s e s o f t h i s b i o l o g i c a l
Montana
c o n tr o l
agent have occurred in
(Baker and Anderson 1974, S to ry 1979, A p p e n d ix ).
U n f o r t u n a t e ly , n e i t h e r r e le a s e records f o r t h i s in s e c t nor i t s p re se n t
s ta tu s in Montana have been c o l l e c t i v e l y summarized.
^
The purpose o f t h i s c h a p te r o f t h i s th e s is was t o p ro v id e a
complete summary o f th e o r i g i n and r e le a s e s o f H. euohorbiae in Montana
and th e s ta tu s o f e s ta b lis h m e n t where known.
47
M a t e r i a l s and Methods
In fo r m a tio n on th e i m p o r t a t io n , r e le a s e and s ta tu s o f H.
euohorbiae in Montana was o b ta in e d from r e v ie w o f l i t e r a t u r e ,
unpublished Canadian and U. S. government r e c o rd s , personal
communication, and d i r e c t o b s e rv a tio n o f r e le a s e s i t e s .
R e sults and Discussion
The f i r s t
im p o r ta tio n o f H. euohorbiae i n t o Montana c o n sis te d o f
500 eggs and 410 l a r v a e .
T h is was p rovided by A g r i c u l t u r e Canada to
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y in 1965 (W illia m s o n 1 9 6 6 ).
T h is shipment was
placed in a greenhouse unknowingly On i n s e c t i c i d e - t r e a t e d l e a f y spurge
p la n ts ,
r e s u l t i n g in th e death o f a l l
l a r v a e (Baker 1988, p e r s . comm.,
H a r r i s 1987, p e rs . comm.).
In 1966 a second shipment o f 290 l a r v a e was made to M. S. U.
(W illia m s o n 1967) and was f i e l d
1988, p e rs . comm.).
r e le a s e d 3 . 2 km NE o f Bozeman (Baker
The v i c i n i t y o f t h i s r e le a s e s i t e c u r r e n t l y
supports th e l a r g e s t known p o p u la tio n o f H. euphorbiae on E. e su la in
North America (C h ap ter 3 ) .
Shipments in 1965 and 1966 o r i g i n a t e d from
a European l a b o r a t o r y colony o f H. euohorbiae (W illia m s o n 1 9 6 7 ).
In 1973, th e U . S . D . A . /A .R .S B i o l o g i c a l Control
L a b o r a to r y ,
o f Weeds
in Albany, CA (B .C .W .L .) hand c a r r i e d 100 hawkmoth l a r v a e
t o Montana (A p p e n d ix ).
S e v e n ty -n in e l a r v a e Were re le a s e d along th e
Madison R i v e r , 30 km W o f Bozeman (Baker 1973, A p p e n d ix ).
48
C o n firm a tio n o f e s ta b lis h m e n t was made near t h i s s i t e
a u th o r .
A d d it io n a l
in 1986 by the
r e le a s e s o f 100 l a r v a e were made 3 . 2 km NE o f
Bozeman and a t th e N edge o f M is s o u la , M issoula County in 1973 (Baker
1 9 7 3 ).
The source o f t h i s m a t e r i a l was pupae p rovided by th e
Commonwealth I n s t i t u t e o f B io lo g ic a l
In 1974 th e U .S .D .A .
(B .C .W .L .) again hand c a r r i e d 1500 l a r v a e to
Bozeman, Montana (A p p e n d ix ),
r e le a s e s :
Control and A g r i c u l t u r e Canada.
These l a r v a e were s p l i t
i n t o th r e e
500 were r e le a s e d along th e Madison R iv e r (30 km W o f
Bozeman), 500 were re le a s e d a t th e s i t e o f th e 1966 r e le a s e 3 . 2 km NE
o f Bozeman, and 500 were r e le a s e d a t th e M. S. U. Red B l u f f Experiment
S t a t i o n Ranch, 24 km W o f Bozeman.
a ll
E stablishm ent o f th e hawkmoth a t
t h r e e s i t e s was confirm ed by v is u a l o b s e rv a tio n in 1984 and 1985.
A second shipment o f 1391 H. euphorbiae eggs was sent to M. S. U. in
1974 (A p p e n d ix ).
Of th e s e , 635 l a r v a e hatched and were r e le a s e d along
th e Teton R i v e r , 0 . 6 km SW o f Choteau, Montana.
Exam ination o f t h i s
s i t e in 1983 and 1984 r e v e a le d t h a t t h i s r e le a s e f a i l e d t o e s t a b l i s h .
The l a s t shipment r e c e iv e d by M. S. U. in 1974 c o n s is te d o f 1286 eggs.
A p o r t io n o f t h i s shipment was r e le a s e d S o f Belt,, Cascade County
(Baker 1988, p e rs . comm.).
S to ry and Baker (1 9 87 ,
1988, p e rs . comm.)
r e p o r te d t h a t a r e le a s e was made on Waterworks H i l l , M is s o u la , Montana
t h a t y e a r and again in 1976.
e x is ts a t th a t s it e .
A ll
A s p a r s e ly e s t a b lis h e d p o p u la tio n now
r e le a s e s in 1974 o r i g i n a t e d from the
f o o t h i l l s o f th e Swiss Alps near L i e c h t e n s t e i n .
The f i r s t pupal r e le a s e was made by th e Western A g r i c u l t u r a l
Research C e nte r in 1978 near LoTo, Montana (A p p e n d ix ).
Of th e 174
pupae which were r e le a s e d , o n ly 3 a d u lts were r e p o r te d t o have emerged
/
49
(S to r y 1987, p e r s . comm.).
This m a t e r i a l o r i g i n a t e d from O n t a r io ,
Canada p o p u la tio n s e s t a b lis h e d on cypress spurge,
In a d d i t i o n , 450
hawkmoth l a r v a e were r e le a s e d a t t h a t same s i t e in 1978.
During 1980 th e Western A g r i c u l t u r a l
l a r v a e from Canadian sources v i a U .S .D .A .
Research C e n te r r e c e iv e d 37
(B .C .W .L .).
T h is m a te r ia l
was used t o begin a l a b o r a t o r y colony f o r f u t u r e r e le a s e e f f o r t s
(A p p e n d ix ).
Shipment o f 700 eggs and 800 l a r v a e was made in 1983 by the
U .S .D .A .
( B .C .W .L .) to th e U . S . D . A . 's Rangeland In s e c t Lab o rato ry
(R .I.L .)
a t Bozeman, Montana (A p p e n d ix ).
T h is shipment was d iv id e d
i n t o t h r e e l o t s o f 375 l a r v a e f o r f i e l d r e le a s e and one l o t f o r
l a b o r a t o r y stu d y .
F i e l d r e le a s e s were made a t th r e e l o c a t i o n s in
S t i l l w a t e r County, Montana.
These r e le a s e s
( o f Hungarian o r i g i n )
produced a s p a r s e ly e s t a b lis h e d p o p u la tio n a t one s i t e ,
Montana.
Columbus,
Another r e le a s e o f 22 pupae was made l a t e r in 1983.
made by th e U .S .D .A .
(R .I.L .)
This was
in R ichland County, Montana and has
e s t a b lis h e d ( C r u t c h f i e l d 1987, p e rs . comm.).
R e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f l a r v a e and pupae by M. S. U. personnel from th e
e s t a b lis h e d Bozeman f i e l d p o p u la tio n began in 1983.
Releases o f 87
l a r v a e and 100 pupae was made to a l o c a t i o n along th e Teton R iv e r ,
km W o f Choteau, Teton County, Montana.
h e r b ic id e th e f o l l o w i n g s p r in g .
20
This s i t e was t r e a t e d w ith a
E stab lis h m en t was d o u b t f u l .
A second shipment o f 111 pupae was re c e iv e d from Hungary in 1984
(A p p e n d ix ).
A p o r t io n o f th e progeny o f th e a d u lts which emerged were
re le a s e d by th e U .S .D .A .
(R .I.L .)
a t t h r e e s i t e s in Montana, two in
R ichland County and one in Sweetgrass County.
Only one o f the
50
R ichland county s i t e s now supports an e s t a b lis h e d H. euohorbiae
p o p u la tio n
( C r u t c h f i e l d 1987, p e rs . comm.).
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
a ls o r e le a s e d 225 l a r v a e from t h a t Hungarian shipment in C a r t e r County,
Montana.
E stab lis h m en t has been t e n t a t i v e l y confirm ed a t t h i s s i t e
(NoWierski
1987, p e r s . comm.).
Also in 1984, th e l a b o r a t o r y colony
e s t a b l i s h e d by th e Western A g r i c u l t u r a l
Research C e n te r was used in th e
r e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f 400 l a r v a e t o th e L o lo , Montana s i t e and 1300 to
t h r e e s i t e s near M issoula (S to r y 1987, p e r s . comm.).
R e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f hawkmoth l a r v a e continued in 1985.
Personnel
from Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y used an e s t a b lis h e d p o p u la tio n near
Bozeman (See Chapter 3 ) to r e d i s t r i b u t e a p p ro x im a te ly 5000 hawkmoth
la rv a e
(N o w ierski
1987, p e rs . comm.).
100 f o u r t h and f i f t h
in s ta r la rv a e .
A ty p ic a l
r e le a s e c o n sis te d o f
These were p rovided to i n d i v i d u a l s
in th e f i v e s t a t e s o f Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota,
Colorado,
and th e Canadian prov ince o f A l b e r t a .
D e t a i l e d r e le a s e
records were a v a i l a b l e f o r only 20 o f these r e le a s e s
(A p p e n d ix ).
T e n t a t i v e e s ta b lis h m e n t has been r e p o r te d from t h r e e o f these r e le a s e s
(N o w ierski
1987, p e r s . comm.).
Also d u rin g th e 1985 r e d i s t r i b u t i o n ,
900 hawkmoth l a r v a e were
brought from a p o p u la tio n on cypress spurge in New York by the
U .S .D .A .'s B e n e fic ia l
(A p p e n d ix ).
In s e c t In t r o d u c t i o n Lab o rato ry t o Montana
These l a r v a e were d i s t r i b u t e d w ith th e l a r v a e o r i g i n a t i n g
from Montana.
At th e s i t e near E k a laka, C a r t e r C o . , Montana, r e le a s e s by M.S.U.
o f 400 l a r v a e and 200 pupae, 200 l a r v a e ,
1986, and 1987, r e s p e c t i v e l y ,
and 1155 l a r v a e d u rin g 1985,
have r e in f o r c e d th e e s t a b lis h e d
51
p o p u la tio n a t t h i s s i t e
(Now ierski
1987, p e rs . comm.).
Since th e f i r s t shipment in 1965, th e r e have been numerous
i n d i v i d u a l s and agencies a c t i v e in th e r e le a s e and r e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f
th e spurge hawkmoth.
In most in s ta n c e s ,
a c c u ra te and s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d ;
r e le a s e documentation appeared
in a few cases, docum entation was
r e le g a t e d t o th e memory o f one or more i n d i v i d u a l s .
For th e
s a t i s f a c t o r y com pletion o f e v a lu a t io n s tu d ie s on any b i o l o g i c a l c o n tr o l
a g e n t, w r i t t e n documentation is e s s e n t i a l
CouTson 1 9 8 3 ).
( Dysa r t 1981, Klingman and
52
CHAPTER 6
SUMMARY
L a b o ra to ry s tu d ie s o f th e spurge hawkmoth r e v e a le d t h a t
r e l a t i v e l y warm te m p eratu res were r e q u ir e d f o r e c lo s io n and l a r v a l
development.
The c a l c u l a t e d minimum th re s h o ld s f o r egg and l a r v a l
development were 6 . 5 and 1 2 .8 0C, r e s p e c t i v e l y .
d u r a tio n o f l a r v a l
(± 0 . 4 1 ) ,
development in th e l a b o r a t o r y ranged from 3 3 .2 days
2 1 .5 days (± 0 . 3 5 ) ,
°C, r e s p e c t i v e l y .
The c u m u lativ e
and 1 4 .3 days (± 0 . 1 1 ) a t 20, 25 and 30
These c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s suggest t h a t t h i s agent may
have a poor temporal synchrony w ith i t s cold hardy, e a r ly - s e a s o n d e ve lo p in g h o s t, l e a f y spurge.
For d e f o l i a t i o n to p ro v id e th e most
e f f e c t i v e sexual r e p r o d u c t iv e s tr e s s on l e a f y spurge i t
should occur
e a r l y in th e season.
F i e l d p o p u la tio n s tu d ie s near th e f i r s t r e le a s e s o f th e moth
showed a w e l l - e s t a b l i s h e d p o p u la tio n .
Larval d e n s i t i e s on l e a f y spurge
ranged from 0 .0 1 la rv a e /m ^ to 1 .0 4 la r v a e /m ^ .
Only th e h ig h e s t l a r v a l
d e n s i t i e s were a b le to c o m p le te ly d e f o l i a t e th e h o s t.
d e n s itie s ,
l a r v a e caused minimal d e f o l i a t i o n .
spurge clo ne s i z e were weakly c o r r e l a t e d
A t most
L a r v a l d e n s i t y and
( r = -0 .1 9 7 ,
P = 0 .0 2 9 ),
which im p lie d t h a t a d u l t hawkmoth o v i p o s i t i o n was not in flu e n c e d by th e
s iz e o f th e spurge c lo n e .
a f t e r th e i n i t i a t i o n
Hawkmoth f o l i a g e fe e d in g in th e f i e l d
began
o f seed p r o d u c tio n . This poor t i m i n g w ith the
r
53
weed's sexual r e p r o d u c t iv e phenology was expected, based on l a b o r a t o r y
developmental s t u d i e s .
B i o t i c and a b i o t i c hawkmoth m o r t a l i t y was observed in th e f i e l d .
P re d a tio n on pupae appeared to be th e most im p o rta n t source o f hawkmoth
m o rta lity .
F i e l d o b s e rv a tio n s suggest t h a t p r e d a to r s such as a n ts ,
grasshoppers, b ir d s and mice were r e s p o n s ib le f o r pupal m o r t a l i t y .
E xclusion cages which s e l e c t i v e l y e lim in a t e d these p re d a to r s made
s i g n i f i c a n t r e d u c tio n s in pupal m o r t a l i t y , w h ile u n p ro te c te d pupae on
th e open range were s u b jec te d to extreme m o r t a l i t y .
O v e r w in te rin g
m o r t a l i t y was 44 p e r c e n t.
In th e 20 y e a rs sin ce i t s
d is p e rs e d over f i v e km.
f i r s t r e l e a s e , th e spurge hawkmoth had
Larval d e n s i t i e s in th e a d ja c e n t f o o t h i l l
E.
e s u la i n f e s t a t i o n s ranged from over l/m ^ t o 1 /h a .
Examination o f form er hawkmoth r e le a s e s i t e s th rough out Montana
r e v e a le d e s t a b lis h e d p o p u la tio n s a t a number o f s i t e s .
it
U n f o r tu n a te ly
appears t h a t th e p o p u la tio n l e v e l s a t t a i n e d by t h i s species have had
little
impact on weed d e n s it y and may f i t
(1 9 85 )
in which an a g e n t 's p o p u la tio n d e n s it y s t a b i l i z e s
which impacts th e t a r g e t weed.
th e model proposed by B rie s e
below t h a t
54
REFERENCES CITED
55
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APPENDIX
63
APPENDIX
CHRONOLOGICAL RELEASE RECORDS FOR
Hvles euphorbiae ( L . )
IN MONTANA.
These records were provided w ith perm ission f o r u se.by th e U n ite d
S ta te s Department o f A g r i c u l t u r e , A g r i c u l t u r a l
B io lo g ic a l
A. R. S . ,
Research S e r v ic e ,
Control o f Weeds L a b o ra to ry , A lbany, CA and th e U. S'. D. A . ,
Rangeland In s e c t L a b o ra to ry , Bozeman, MT.
t r a n s c r i b e d from th e o r i g i n a l
Records have been
h a n d w ritte n forms f o r l e g i b i l i t y .
64
INSECT RELEASE RECORD
D ate:
6 /1 1 /7 3
In s e c t s p e c ie s : C e l e r l o euphorbiae
Host
weed s p ec ie s:
Number r e le a s e d :
Stage o f i n s e c t :
20
Location o f r e le a s e :
Name and a f f i l i a t i o n
Euphorbia esula
Larvae
Greenhouse, Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
o f person making r e le a s e :
L. Baker, Montana S ta te
U n iv e rs ity
Name o f S hip p er:
Notes:
L. A. Andres, U . S . D . A . , Albany, CA (Hand C a rry )
Larvae re a re d from pupae from Schroder (Europe) and H a r r is
(C a n a d a ).
A ll
in good c o n d i t i o n .
darkened - asked Baker to hold i t
h e a lth y .
L a te r saw one l a r v a
s ep a ra te - a lthough i t was
(Balance o f l a r v a e r e le a s e d a t Grey Cl i f f
dated 6 / 1 2 ) .
-
see card
65
INSECT RELEASE RECORD
Date:
6 /1 2 /7 3
In s e c t s p e c ie s :
Host
weed s p ec ie s:
C e l e r i o euohorbiae
Number r e le a s e d : 79
Euphorbia esula
Stage o f i n s e c t :
Location, o f r e le a s e :
Larvae
Grey Cl i f f F is h in g Access, Madison R i v e r ,
G a l l a t i n C o . , Montana.
Name and a f f i l i a t i o n
o f person making r e le a s e :
L. Baker, Montana S ta te
U n i v e r s i t y , Jess Hodgson, U . S . D . A . , Bozeman, MT, L. A. Andres,
U . S . D . A . , Albany, CA.
Name o f S h ip p er:
Notes:
Andres (Hand C a rry )
Larvae from pupae -> a d u lts r e c e iv e d Schroder (Europe)
and H a r r i s
(C a n a d a ).
A ll
looked in good c o n d itio n
r e tu r n e d t o Bud Thomas (U . C .) f o r disease c h e c k ).
(e x c e p t one 20 l a r v a e
placed on pi a n ts in greenhouse (B aker) a t U n i v e r s i t y (see o th e r
c a rd ).
Released C e l e r i o on Madison R iv e r a t Grey Cl i f f
A re a. A ppro x im ately 25 m ile s W o f Bozeman.
under 6 x 6 x 12 f o o t Saran screen cage.
p la n ts in cage and a d ja c e n t.
74 l a r v a e placed
8 :3 0 AM. Number o f
P la n ts in blossom.
one l a r v a e w i t h i n s everal m inu te s.
F is h in g Access
Saw ant e a t in g
Could f i n d no o th e r ants
under cage.
6 /1 5 - checked r e le a s e s i t e - l a r v a e looked OK.
v ie w - appear f u l l
s iz e d .
Ants on p l a n t s .
g e t r i d o f a n ts .
P ic tu re s .
60 l a r v a e in
Larvae a p p a r e n tly can
Drove to H a m ilto n .
66
OM» NO. O lf- O B H IEKP */«■/■?)
40. PINAL DETERMINATION -tien, sp, fubspL, auth"
U.S. Department of Agriculture
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD — Q U A R A N T IN E F A C IL IT Y
□
□
•
( S h ip m e n t/C o n t ig n m e n t fr o m Q u a r a n tin e /
->
SECTION I - REPORT OF MATERIAL SHIPPED. CONSIGNEDor RELEASED
!.FROM ( Q u a r a n t in e f a c i l i t y - n a m e a n d a d d re e e )
V ORG ANIBM SHIPPED-A. Gem. sp., subsfx, auth.
Q
P a u l H. Dunn
U . S . D . A . - A . R . S . - B i o l o g i c a l C o n t r o l ot
Weeds L a b o r a t o r y
1050 San P a b lo Avenue
A l b a n y , CA 9470 6
H yles euphorbiae
74
-
I & 2
W. Hodges
.
— — — — — A-*
— — — — — --- --- --- — --- —UPAraslte
C-DeIermIned by fnames A a f f i li a t i o n s )
PHedator
OwEed feeder
fZ)
«. OATLS TRANSFORMED TO STAGES SHIPPED
( m o n th .d a y . y e a r)
8 - 1 7
M
1000 L
[PO
M
Cl POIllnator
CloTher
D
I i Emerged In Quarantine
Shipped directly
io. location - Country A Piovlnce/StateolOrlgln
GNone
U- POREIGN/OVERSEAS SOURCE
A l f r e d Hoffmanner
13. ORIGINAL MOST/PREY -Gen.. t o . ( o r o t h e r f o o d s o u r c e )
no
G HostAireyAiest only
n. ORIGINAL COLLECTORS
( n a m e s 4 a f f i li a t i o n s )
O rig in a ted in R a f i s , S w itzerla n d
75 km L-SE o f Z u r i c h n ea r B u c l i s ,
E l e v a t i o n 450 m
IL LAB CULTURED (F, ♦)
In Quarantine
G No
Q Deneflclal with host/prey
Reared i n l a b
on S w i s s s t o c k
0
%
present
9. DATES ORIGINALLY
FIELD COLLECTED ( f n . d . y )
Overseas
7. MATING OBSERVED
I- IYes
June 1974
CTsSSt / p»rffV/ Piaf^aAfEiRAL
D
D
□
□
VTVPC OF ORGANISM explain Ml 4 OT
in blk. 20
ClMIcroUIaI
5 NOS. A STAGES SHIPPED ( te e c o d e t )
•
«
X QUARANTINE FILE NO.
(L .)
B. Order: Family
R
□
□
I VSTAGf/PART OF HOST/PREY
ATTALKLD
19. ORIGINAL FOOD SOURCE OF
HOST/PREY
Euphorbia c y p a r i s s i a s
17. LAB HOST/PREY-Gen.. sp. ( i f d i f f e r e n t f r o m b l k . 13)
(n u m b e r o f
g e n e r a tio n s )
ie. INTENDED host / prEV- Gem, sp. ( i f d i f f e r e n t f r o m b lk . 13)
E u p h orb ia o b l o n g a t a , E . p e p l u s
Euphorb ia e s u l a L.
mSHIPPEO/CONSIGNEO TO
Hand Cgrj-Ied t o :
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
T a i HCPm-SEWTATIVE
consigned ( m , d , y j |
&•*) 23.FACKINC/HANOLIHC
1 7 - 1 8 June
C3Usual
ZS. SCHEENETi OH PACKAGED OV
Hand C a r r i e d
D o th e r ( e x p la in In b lk . HO)
SECTION Il - REPORT OF RECEIPT AND INTENDED U
S
E
26. DATE OF RECCIFT
(m .d .y )
27. DATE OPENED
( m . d .y )
17 Ju ne 1974
26
(A.Container
CONDITION I
17 June 1974
|B. Contents
30 INVENTORY OF MATERIAL. RECEIVED (u x e c o tte g )
iJumbci and slag#
B. Number Emerged ( ita g e e )
ecclved ( b l k . 2 )
Benellclals
ZS. HCPORTVO OH EXAMINED BV
Good
In r a c r
31.OTHER SPECIES INCLUDED OH EMERGED
IrdenFamIIy and C
8 Determined by
ecles, author. Il km
( n a m e d a f f ilia t io n )
C. No. and
Stages
- -Juxe codeaA-
1000
W al5'
K INTENDED USE
A.Q lm m .= .. , . , . 1 . . »
( c o m p le te Sec I I I )
Lab culture/study
I B -D
3». INTENDED LAO MOST/PRE V -Gemi SlX
r. , . . . . ,
Euphorbia e s u l a L .
I C 1L I No release Intended
SECTION III - REPORT OF RELEASE^
Kl Field
Gareentiouse
GC
age
36. Types of release
G o th e n
3 7 . Locations (State, County,
Bozeman, MT, P o v e r t y
Ranch n ea r B ig M
nearest Town or physical
feature, m
apcoordinates)
( U s e A D - 9 4 2 A f o r m o r e d e t a ils )
BOpIeld G Greenhouse Q Cage
I-!other:
I-Irield
G Greenhouse Q Caoe
Cl Other:
F i s h and Game Ref uge
Madison R i v e r , 30 m i l e s
from Bozeman
38. Number andstagesreleased.
[PO 500 (+)
(see c o d e s )
39. Uatcsof release fm.d.yj
ipn
I 7 June 1974
5 0 0 (+)
18 June
[ESI]
1974
40. Target hosts/prey at release
A. Primary
B. Other
- C c n u s , s p e c ie s
_ E, ^ t n j U i ----------------------------
- G e n u s , s p e c ie s
C
. Fam
ilies
41. Food (plant/animal/other) of
target host/prey at release.
42. R
eleased by ( N a m e d a f f i l i a t i o n )
43.REMARN, ( u „ A D
P a ul Dunn, L. 0 . B a k e r , Norm A nderson
1; I n s e c t S COged i n 2 0 ' x 2 0 ' x 3 ' COgC
9 4 2 A f o r m o r e d e I a iU )
R e l e a s e d d u r i n g warm w e a t h e r . S i t e 2:
In sects released
i n o p en .
44. REPORTEDBY
A. Nam
e
}>a u X Dunn
O
. Date ( m . d . y )
67
QMP n o . o s n e o i a |exr. z/xe/e z|
U.S. Department of Agriculture
BIO LO GIC ALSH IPM EN T R E C O R D -Q U A R A N T IN E F A C IL IT Y
( S h i p m e n t / C o n s ig n m e n t f r o m Q u m r m n tin e f
SECTION I - REPORT O
F MATERIAL SHIPPED. CONSIGNED or RELEASED
• .FROM fOuenenfine f a c i l i t y ■n a m e a n d a d d r e n )
!•ORGANISM SHIPPCO. A. Gen., sp.. subsp., authT
Q n S-OUARANnNE FILE NO.
P a ul H. Dunn
U .S .D .A .- A .R .S .-B io lo g ic a l Control of
Weeds L a b o r a t o r y
1050 San P a b l o Avenue
A l b a n y , CA 947 06
H yles eu p h orb iae ( L . )
Eggs and f i r s t
e g g s - 1391
R. W. Hodges
%
D No
E HOST J PRtV / PEST MATERIAL
IvlUeneflclal withhosl/prey
From: R a f i s , S w i t z e r l a n d , 75 km
E-SK from Z u r i c h , n ea r B u c h s ,
K i e v , 450 m
Reared i n l a b .
L I O
verseas
D Ves
in star
10. LOCATION - Country & Pmvlnce/St ate of Origin
1
3ORIGINAL HOST/PHEV -Gen., s p f o r o t h e r f o o d s o u r c e )
IS LAB CULTURED (F , ♦)
©WEed feeder
D POlIInator
DMlcroblaI
OoTher
7. MATING OBSERVED
e
. OATES TRANSFORMED TO ETAGES SHIPPED
(m o n th , d a y , y e a r)
Q Shippeddirectly
9 DATES ORIGINAlJ-V
FIELD COLLECTED ( m . d . y )
D PAraslte
D PRedator
c. Determinedby( n a m e s S a f f i l i a t i o n s )
b- NOS. a STAGES SMirweo < ie e c a d e t )
™
7 4 - 5
ATVPE OF ORGANISM enplaln Ml & OT
Inblk. 20
B-Ordenl-amlly
D No
D e m e r g e d In Quarantine
DMostAxeyypest only DNone
II. ORIGINAL COLLECTORS
(n a m e s A a f f ilia t io n s )
O- TOREK.N/OVERSEAS SOURCE
A l f r e d H o f!manner
IS. ORIGINAL FOOO SOURCE OF
HOST/PHEV
14. STAGE/PART OF HOST/PHEV
ATTACHFO
Euphorbia c y p a r i s s i a s L.
17. LAB HOST/PREV-Gen., sp. U f d i f f e r e n t f r o m b lk . 13)
i c l In(quarantine
IS. intended HOST/PHEV-Gen.. S
p
k( i f d i f f e r e n t f r o m b l k . 13)
(n u m b e r u /
g e n e r a tio n s )
K. e s u l a
l»SMIM»eo/CONSIGNCO TO
P r o f . L. 0 . Baker
P l a n t and S o l i S c i e n c e D e p t .
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , Bozeman, MT
26 June 1974
59715
Z3. PAC KING/M A NOLI NG
& •[]
( x lu s u a l
n u m b e r:
K S M ir r to v ia
D o t t i e r ( e x p la in in b lk . 20)
ZS. SCHCENCO OH PACKAGEXJ BV
A irm ail S p ecia
SECTION Il - REPORT OF RECEIPT AND INTENDED U
SE
Z«. DATE OF RECEIPT
( m .d .y )
Z7. DATE OPENED
( m .d .y )
28 Ju ne 1974
28 June 1974
2«
| a .Container
CONDITION I
RECEIVED
30. INV CNTOHV OF MATERIAL RECCIVCO (U»e C t M it lf
" lu m b e r a n d s t a y
B Number Emerged ( it a g e i f
e c e iv e d ( b l h . 2 )
Beneficial!
Host/Prey
Alive
Dead________Alive
Dead
756 E
635 L
h a tc h e b from
Fitaij'
ig g s se it
SI.OTHER SPECIES I
A.OrdertFamlly and Genus,
species, author. If known
3 O H EMEHGEO
ietermined by
e S a f f ilia t io n )
C. No. and
J u ie c o d e i f -
SzTHEMAHkS-
is _
®___ ™_
3< INTCNOEO USE
A - Q l m m e d l a t e re le a s e
( c o m f i r te S e c . I l l )
ZS REPORTED OR EXAMINED BV
|u. Contents
ZS INTENOEO LAB HOST/PHEV - GeA1Spu
B.-L
CJ
l Release
Intended
I B
R e le a s e In
.
I C L I N o re le a s e
E. e s u l a
SECTION III - REPORT OF RELEASE^
0
Field
Dcreenhouse
D C
age
3 7 . Locations (Slate, Counly,
nearest Town or physical
D Field
Dcreenhouse
D C
age
LI Other:
36. Types of release
D Field LI Greenhouse LI Cage
[ !other:
I m i l e SW o f C h o t e a u ,
T e to n C o u n ty , MT
feature, m
apcoordinates)
( U s e A D - 9 4 2 A f o r m o r e d e t a ils /
38. Number andstagesreleased.
(see c o d e s )
39. Oalcsof release ( m . d . y )
40. Target hosts/prey at release
A. Primary - ( ie n u s . s p e c ie s
B. Other
[eii] 635 L
BD
5 Ju ly 1974
Kuphorbla e s u l a L.
- G e n u s , s p e c ie s
C Fam
ilies
41. Food (planl/animal/oihcr) of
target hosl/prey at release.
L. Baker and Wm. R i c h t e r
AD942A f o r m o r e d e ta d s ) Re l e a s e d l n an unUStid g r a s s - s h o r t bru sh
a r e a , I m i l e SW o f C h o t e a u .
42. R
eleased hy ( N a m e A a f f i I i a I i o n )
a,. R E M A R K S
44 REPORTED BV
L. Baker
n. Dale ( m . d . y )
a. N
am
e
68
OM
iEiNo1 Oiie-PoiaiEMr1ZZzezeTl
IOM ben, :p,(ubtp^ euth.
v.s.
M N
C (M fU e a )
U.S. Department of Agriculture
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD - Q U AR AN TIN E F A C IL IT Y
□
□
□
□
. □
»□
( S f iip m m n t / C o n iig n m n t f r o m Q u a r a n tin e )
SECTION I - REPORT OF MATERIAL SHIPPED. CONSIGNED or RELEASED
!.FROM ZQuoronffne f o c lU t y ■n a m e a n d a d d r e a t)
!.ORGANISM SMIFFEO-A. OeiL, Sp.. SUbSpu. »Ut h.
P a ul H. Dunn
U. S . D. A . - A . R . S . - B i o l o g i c a l C o n t r o l o f
Weeds L a b o r a t o r y
1050 San P a b lo Avenue
A l b a n y , CA 9470 6
H
7 4 -7
ATYFE OF OMOAMISM explain Ml & CTT
UPArasIle
C. Deiermlnrd by (n a m e a So f f i li a U o n a )
□
R. W. H o d g es, U.S .N .M .
3. NOS. & STAGES SHIPVCD(ae e c o d c a )
H»0
[EsO
EsO
PHedator
C lM lc r o b I a I
ISwEed feeder
□ POlIInator
doTher
I OATis TMANSFORMCD TO STAGES SHIPFCO
n th , d a y . y e a r)
1286 E
D Yes _
(xl Beneficial with host/prey
Cl Shipped directly
I. OATES ORIGINALLY
FIELD COLLECTED f m . d . y )
10. LOCATION - Country & Provlnce/Stateof Origin
IS. LAB CULTURED (F , ♦)
Overseas
D
O Mostyprey/pest only
C ] Non
A l f r e d lloffm anner
13-ORIGINAL HOST/FMt v -Gen., sp. ( o r o t h e r f o o d t o u r e r )
no
S m Quarantine __________
Ocmerged in (Quarantine
It. ORIGINAL OOLLLCTOHS
( n a m e a tk a f f i li a l in n a )
From: R a f i s , S w i t z e r l a n d , 75 km
E-SE Z u r i c h , n ea r B u c h s , E l e v .
450 m
Reared i n Lab.
D
3- QUARANTINE FILE NO.
E uphorbia c y p a r i s s l a s
L ea v es
17. LAB HOST/FRCY-Gen., sp. ( i f d i f f e r e n t f r o m b lk . 13)
(n u m b e r o f
K e n e r a tio n t)
E. e s u l a , E. o b l o n g a t a
** INTEMUEO host / prey - Gen.. sp. ( i f d i f f e r e n t f r o m b lk . 13)
E. e s u l a ( a f t e r e c l o s i o n )
I l SMI FFE O/CO NSl GN EO TO
P r o f . L. 0 . Baker
P l a n t and S o i l S c i e n c e D e p t .
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , Bozeman
ZI. DATE shipped/
consigned ( n \ d . y . )
2 Ju ly
1974
B e ca u se o f h o l i d a y - 4 t h J u l y - s e n t
t o home 505 S o u th 1 1 t h , Bozeman, MT
597J 5_
IZ3. PACKING/HANOLING
ZA-SMirFEO VIA
|[x)Usual
Al r mn I I
D o t h e r ( e x p la in in b l k . 201
ZS. SCMtCFNEO OR PACKAGED BY
S p i
n
SECTION Il - REPORT OF RECEIPT AND INTENDED U
S
E
-J u c
30. INVENTORY OF MATERIAL RECEIVED ( U te c a d e t )
.. Number and stage
B. Number Emerged ( il a t e a )
received ( b l k . 2 )
Benellclals
Host/Prey
Alive
Dead________Alive
Dead
Zl HEPORTED OR EXAMINED HV
SI.OTHER SPECIES INCLUDED OR EMERGED
A Order FamIIy and Genus,
B. Determined by
species, author, 1»known
fruime A a f f i l i a t i o n )
C. No. and
Stages
-Zuee c o d e t ) -
I z REMARKS
IStaij'
tLTAIMED BY RECEIVER
D
Yes_
_
_
_
_
_
,
C D No
3< INTENDED USE
. D lm m e d U ,. . . . . . . .
( c o m p le te S ec, t i l l
Lab culture/study
33. INTENDED LAB HOST/PREY - Gen.. sp.
I B .D R . , . . - I n M n M d
I C
. LJ No release Intended
SECTION III - REPORT OF RELEASE
——;---------------------------------------------------------STTE Z
Q F ie ld
36. Types of release
D G re e n h o u se
D Cage
O F ie ld
I_
!Greenhouse O Cage
L I M e ld
O o th e r:
O o ilie r :
O o th e r:
(PD
[p g
IytJ
L J tir e e n h o u $e
37. Localions (Stale, County,
nearest Town or physical
feature, m
apcoordinates)
( U t e A D - 9 4 2 A f o r m o r e d e ta ils )
38. Numberandsugcsreleased.
( te e c o d e a )
39. Datesof release fm.d.y/
40. Target hosls/prey at release
A. Primary - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
B. Other - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
C
. Fam
ilies
4 1. Food (plant/animal/other) of
target host/prey at release.
42. R
eleased by ( N a m e A a f f i l i a t i o n )
43 REMARKS ( u t e A D - 9 4 2 A f o r m o r e d e I a i l t )
4 4 R C F O R T C O BV
B . D a le fm .d .y /
O Cage
69
OMB n o . e s ie -e e is (e x p z / x a / e i )
e#. PINAL DETERMINATION Den, MX. (Ubkp., *uth.
« * . v .» .
M NC
U S. Department of Agriculture
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD - Q U A R A N T IN E F A C IL IT Y
□
.□
□
b□
□ D
( S h ip m e n t/ C o n t i g n n r n t fr o m Q u e r a n tin e f
SFCTlON I - REPORT OF MATERIAL SHIPPED. CONSIGNED or RELEASED
!.ORGANISM SNIPPED. A. Gen.. so., subs*, euiii.
!.FROM ( Q u o r a n l i n e f a c i l i t y - n a m e a n d a d d n e tt)
P. Dunn
U .S .D .A .-A .R .S .- B i o l o g i c a l Control of
Weeds L a b o r a t o r y
1050 San P a b lo Avenue
A l b a n y , CA 94 706
S. OUARAimNE FHJE NO.
Hyles eu p h orb iae ( L . )
—- — — — — —
H. O r d e r: F am Dy
— —
■ —
—
*•
BCWRL-77-32
—
*■
M eapUInMI AOT
O
c. Determined by ( n a m e s 4 U ffiH e H o n e )
P A r e s Ite
I X J w E e iI
eeder
Q p R e d e Io r
C l P O lI I n e io r
C l M l c ro b Ie I
C l o T h e r __________
9. NOS. & STAGES MIlPPEO fee* C a d e t)
Q v e s _________ %
[|»n Pupae
D no
[e*G
Queneflclel with host/prey
Q Shipped directly
Demerged in Querentlne
DHostAireyAwst only
D none
10. LOCATION- Country & Provlnce/Steteof Origin
». DATES ORIGINAU-V
FIFUD c o u -ecteo ( m . d . y )
R elease s i t e
i n Canada
Dunn
ALB-76-1
June 1976
11. ORIGINAL MOST/PREV -Gen., sp for o t h e r f o o d e o u r c e )
IE LAB CULTURED* P, ♦)
D
Oversees
17. LAB HOST/PREY Gen.. sp ( i f d i f f e r e n t f r o m b lh . 13)
B flln Q u e re n tIn e _________
!n u m b e r o f
g e n e r a l io n e )
I ORIGINAL ►
'
14. STAGE/PART OF HOST/PREY
FoTfS^
Euphorbia e s u l a L.
O no
E uphorbia o b l o n g a t a and d i e t
I*. INTENDED HOST/PREY-Gen.. sik ( i f d i f f e r e n t f r o m b l k . 13)
Euphorbia e s u I a L._____________________
I ESH IPPEO/CO NSI GNEO TO
Jim S t o r y
E x t e n s i o n O f f i c e , Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
8 18 B u r l i n g t o n , M lss o u l . t , MT 5 9 8 0 1_________
22. HFPRFSENTATIlJ E
12 Dec 1977
2A SHIPPED VIA
23. PACKING/HANDLING
RtrrAINED*
Iyl Usuel
num ber:
7V SCREENED OR PACKAGED BY
b n .D el.A ir
D o t h e r ( e x p la in in b lk . 20)
S . I e v i nyufl
SECTION Il - REPORT OF RECEIPT AND INTENDED U
SE
2«. DATE OP receipt
( m .d .y )
14
27. DATE OFENEO
( m .d .y )
2#
| a .Container
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14
D pr
1977
Dp c
1977
R“ ,,W“
30. INVENTORY OF MATERIAL RECEI VED (u e e c o d e e )
B Number Emerged (e ta g e e )
A. Number end stages
received ( b l k . 2 )
Host/Prey
Beneflclels
174
8 °o d
111. Contents
I
2W
. rcpor IEO OR EXAMINED BY
good
SI.OTHER SPECIES INC LUOED OR EMERGED
H. Determined by
A.Order:Family and Genus,
( n a m e d a f f ilia t io n )
species, author. Il known
C. No. end
Stages
P
32 REMARKS
TOTALS —
74
ICl
I
F
«S MfOM SHlNeENT
SSiii1Sg Q BY RECEIVER
D no
D ves
[§]
33
ICl
ICl
34. INTENDED USE
A1D lm m e d i.,.
I c n m p l v le
E
Leb culture/study
8
r.le.se I . E a . , ~ » ln.H.d«.
S e c I I I ) I C.l !No release Intended
S3. INTENDED LAB HOST/PREY - Gen.. SO.
E.
e s u la
SECTION III - REPORT OF RELEASE
------------------------------------------------------------------ SfTE 2
jol Field
Dcreenhouse
Dcage
36. Types of release
37. Locations (State. County,
nearest Town or physical
feature, m
apcoordinates)
(D e e A D - 9 4 2 A f o r m o r e d e ta ile )
38. Numberand stagesreleased.
(ee e c o d e e )
D Field
D G
reenhouse
L.
D Cage
D FIeld D Greenhouse
D o th e r:
Dothers
ED
ED
M aclay p r o p e r t y , 2 m i l e s
S o f L o l o , Montana i n
M i s s o u l a County
ED 174 P
39. Datesof release ( m . d . y )
5 June
40. Target hosts/prey at release
E. e s u l a L.
1978
A. Primary - G e n u t . t p e c i e i
B. Other - G e n u t . t p e c i e t
C Fam
ilies
41. Food (plant/animal/other) of
target host/prey at release.
42. R
eleased by ( N a m e A a f f i l i a t i o n )
Most pupae dead _ o n l y 3 e m erg ed , one w i t h
l efo rm e d w i n g s . P .H .D . a s p e r S t o r y .
44. REPORTED BY
A. Nam
e
Jim S t o r y
B. D a te ( m . d . y )
D C
age
70
OMB NO. OSH-OOH (EXP. 2/2a/«7)
.............. 4' V S
M NC
a*. FINAL DKTKRMIN ATION -ben, sp, subsp^ auth.
U.S. Department of Agriculture
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD - Q U A R A N T IN E F A C IL IT Y
(Shipment/Consignment from Quarantine)
□ D
.
b
□
.
SECTION I - REPORT OF MATERIAL SHIPPED. CONSIGNED or RELEASED
!.FROM ( Q u a r a n l i n * f a c f l i l y - r u i m * a s id o J J m u J '
t . ORGANISM SHIPPED, a . Gen.. sp.. tubsp., auth.
USDA-SEA-AR-WR
B i o l o g i c a l C o n t r o l o f Weeds
1050 San P a b lo Avenue
A l b a n y , CA 947 06
B-OrderiFamlIy ~
ATWC OF OHGANISPK-BKPlaln Ml «. o r
P a ul H. Dunn
U
ipg
TO STAGES SHIPPED
(J PArasMe
QwEed feeder
L I PMedaIor
D
D M lc r o b I a I
O oTher
POlIInator
7. MATING OBSERVED
D
N/A
I
□
□
B C W R L-8 0 -57
—
c. Determined by ( n a m e s A a f f i l i a t i o n s )
DATES THA
(m o n th , d a y , y e a r)
□
S
-OUARANTINE FILE NO.
H yles euphorbiae ( L . )
5. NOS. & STAGES SHIFTED ( te e c o d e * )
(see (lias)
•
Y e s _________ %
D
no
DBeiieIIcIaI with host/prey
D snipped directly
Demerged In Quarantine
DMoilAireyAiest only
10. location - Country A Provlnce/St aloof Origin
B r a e s i d e , O n t a r i o , Canada
CAN-80-1
J . S . K elleher
16. UAB CULTURED (F , ♦)
D Overseas
11.ORIGINAL MOST/PREY -Gen., sp. ( o r o t h e r f o o d s o u r c e )
Euphorbia c y p a r l s s l a s L.
QjNo
M ORIGINAL FDOO SOURCE OF
HOST/PREY
L e a v es
17. LAB HOST/FREV-Gen., sp. ( t f d i f f e r e n t f r o m b l k . 13)
D lnOiarantIne
D nomb
0_ POREIGN/OVERSCAS SOURCE™
( n a m e s * a f f i li a t i o n s )
(n u m b e r o f
g e n e r a tio n s )
U. INTENDED HOST/PREY- Gen., sp. ( i f d i f f e r e n t f r o m
blk. 13)
Kuphorbla e s u I a L.
IS SHIPPED/CONSIGNEO TO
20. REMARKS
Mr. Jlm S t o r y
W es tern A g r i c u l t u r a l R e s e a r c h C e n t e r
531 Quast L a n e, C o r v a l l i s , MT 598 28
23. PACK INC/HAND LING
R E T ^ AT,Vlr
D Usual
number:
29. SCREENED OR PACKAGED BY
D o t h e r ( e x p la in in b l k . 20)
A i r Cargo
A. H. Kru eger
SECTION Il - REPORT OF RECEIPT ANO INTENDED U
S
E
26. DATE OF RECEIPT
( m .d .y )
27 DATE OPENED
(m.d.y)
18 J u l y
17 J u l v 1980
26.
|a .Container
CONOmON I
1980
ROOd
29. REPORTED OR EXAMINED BY
good
30. INVENTORY OF MATERIAL RECEIVED (u s e c o d e s )
Tiber and^sU yet
B. Number Emerged (s ta g e s )
37 L
JB. Contents
31.OTHER SPECIES INCLUDED OR EMERGED
CL C
C. No. and
Stages
■fuse c o d e s } -
2 L
TzTr e m a r k s
Ei j L l IS
7
I
34. INTENDED USE
J t J l m m e d I a t e re le a s e
( c o m p le te S ec. I l l )
0 Field
36. Types of release
37. Locations (Slate, County,
nearest Town or physical
feature, m
apcoordinates)
( U s e A D - 9 4 2 A f o r m o r e d e t a ils )
38. Numberand stagesreleased.
(see c tfd e s )
39. Datcsof release fm.d.yj
40. Target hosls/prey at release
O c re e n h o u s e
Lab culture/study
39. INTENDED UAB HOST/PREY - Gen., Sp.
I B D f t e l e a s e Intended
i
.
| C. I...) No release Inlen.i. .
SECTION III - REPORT O
F RELEASE
—— ----------------------- r — --------------- — -------STPE 2
D Cage
Drield D c r e e n h o u s #
D o th e r:
D o th e n
O caye
Drield
D
Greenhouse
D o th e r:
W ester n A g r i c u l t u r a l Res •arch
C e n t e r n ea r C o r v a l l i s , M
i n R a v a l l i C o . , 531 Quas : Lane
Eh]
37 L
s*a
&0
18 J u l y 1980
E u p h orb ia e s u l a L.
A. Primary - ( ie n u s , s p e c ie s
B. Other - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
C Fam
ilies
41. Food (plant/animal/other) of
target host/prey at release.
42. R
eleased by ( N a m e * a f f i l i a t i o n )
Jim S t o r y __
43. REMARKS (u s e A D - 9 4 2 A f o r m o r e d e t a ils )
44. REPORTEDBY
:
Z
U
l r
D
Cage
71
U.s.
OMBM
O o#i# eeim |cxi». z/am/a?)
4*. PINAL DEfEMMINATIOM Derxl SP^ SuBsp., auTKT
M NC
Department of Agriculture
BIOLOGICALSHIMVIENT R E C O R D -Q U A R A N T IN E F A C IL IT Y
□
□
•
(Shipment/Consignment from QuarantinoJ
»
SECTION I - REPORT O
F MATERIAL SHIPPED. CONSIGNED or RELEASED
!.FROM ( Q u a r a n t in e f a c il i t y - n a m e a n d a d d r r t e f
USDA-ARS-WR
B i o l o g i c a l C o n t r o l o f Weeds Lab .
1050 San P a b lo Avenue
A l b a n y , CA 947 06
□
□
< TYPE OF ORGANISM explain Ml & OT
In blk. 20
R. W. Pemberton
I DATES TRANSFORMED TO STAGES SHIPPED
(m o n lh , d a y , y e a r)
E & L
.
BCWRL-83-14
a.Order: Family
5. MOS- * STAGG SMdVtO . . . cod.i)
.
S-OUARANTtNE FILE NO.
H y l e s e u p h o r b i a e L.
C. Determined by ( n a m e * A a f f i l i a t i o n * )
gsi]
[EsE]
IuD
□
□
D PAreslte
D PRedator
D POIIInaIor
DM IcrubIaI
D oT he r
^lw E ed feeder
7. MATING OBSERVED
D ves
N /A
%
D no
/
J u l y 1983
4. HOST PREY / MjiV^aATERlAL
IXJ Beneficial with host/prey
Oshlpped directly
t. DATES ORIGINALLY
FIELD COLLECTED ( m . d . y )
«0. LOCATION- Country & Province/State ot Or Igln
June 1983
(x) Overseas
Euphorbia v i r g a t a W a l d s t . & K i t .
D no
17. LAB HOST/PREY-Gen., sp. ( i f d i f f e r e n t f r o m b lk . 13)
(n u m b e r o f
g e n e r a tio n * )
D None
VL POREIGN/OVERSEAS SOURCE
A. R i z z a &
P. P eco ra
13. ORIGINAL HOST/PRtV -Gen., %p. ( o r o t h e r f o o d i o u r c e )
D InQuarantlne
D HostA>reyA>eit only
It. ORIGINAL COLLECTORS
(n a m e * A a f filia tio n * )
D e b r e c e n , Hungary
IL LAB CULTURED (F , ♦)
^E m e rg ed In Quarantine
BCWL-E-83-16
14. STAGE/PART OF HOST/PREV
ATTACHED
IS ORIGINAL. FOOO SOURCE OF
HOSI /PREY
L e a v es
ie INTENDED HOST/PREY Gerx1sp. ( t f d i f f e r e n t f r o m b l k . 13)
Euphorb ia v i r g a t a
11 SHIPPED/CONSIGN EO TO
Mr. Norman E. R e e s , USDA-ARS-WR
Ran geland I n s e c t L a b o r a t o r y
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , Bozeman, MT
21. DATE Shipped/
28 J u l v 1983
22. RCPRXSCNTATIVE
SPECIMENS
(y-l
Usual
n u m b e r:
5971 7
23 PAC HI NG/H ANDLlNG
Z4.SHI-PEO VIA
D o t h e r ( e x p la in in b l k . 20)
23 SCREENED OR PACKAGED BY
U . S . Mn 11
A. H. Krueuer
SECTION Il - REPORT OF RECEIPT AND INTENDED U
SE
26. DATE OF F
O n .d . y )
. DATE OH
tm .d .y )
I AUg 1983
|A.Container
c o NDnr K
RECEIVE!
I Aug 1983
Good
30. INVENTORY OF MATERIAL. RECEIVED (u $ e c o d e $ )
umber and stages
D. Number Emerged ( § t a t r a )
icelved ( b l k 2 )
Benellcla.s
700 E
BOO L
2». RETORTED OR EXAMINED DY
Good
31.OTHER SPECIES INCLUDED OR EMERGED
A Order FamIIy and C
determ
inedby
species, author. If km
e A a f f ilia t io n )
None
C
. No. and
Stages
■fuae c o d r t ) -
N/A
Sii REMARKS
[Ei
in
3*. IN TC N O tb use
D ves _
~|o. Contents
Labcuiture/sludy
I •
D no
(X)Field
36. Types of release
rn
O Gieenliouse O C
age
In L n d..
D Field
35. INTENDED LAII HOST/PREY - GeiX1Sp^
L e a fy sp u rg e
Dcreenhouse
OC
age
I-If Ield
Dother:
Dother:
Dother:
[uD
[Ui]
LuO
I—
IG
reenhouse D C
age
37. Localions (Slate, County,
neait.i I own or physical
feature, m
apcoordinates)
< U *e A D 9 4 2 A f o r m o r e d e t a il * )
38. Number andstagesreleased.
(*e e c o d e * )
39. Datesof release ( m . d . y )
40. Target hosts/prey at release
A. Primary - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
B. Other - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
C Fam
ilies
41. Food (plant/animal/other) of
target host/prey at release.
42. R
eleased by ( N a m e A a f f i l i a t i o n )
. I HEMAAKS i u ~ A D M 2 A f o r dvi.ti.j
As e g g s h a t c h , t h e y w i l l be r e a r e d i n the
l a b o r a t o r y u n t i l e a c h Wednesday and t h e n t r a n s p o r t e d t o Columbus, MT
44. REPORTEDBV
Norman
A. Nam
e
U
. Date frn.d.y/ _
E.
RtiCS
72
7|
vs.
NC ( • • r f l l a m f
*«* Ic
U.S. Department of Agriculture
* -O
erv1
ap*eubepL.auth.
M
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD - Q U A R A N T IN E F A C IL IT Y
□ □ .□
□ □ »□
( S h i p m e n t / C o n s ig n m e n t f r o m Q u a r a n t i n e !
SECTION I - REPORT OF MATERIAL SHIPPED, CONSIGNEDor RELEASED
!. f r o m ( Q u o r a n U n e T o c lt lt y ■n a m e a n d a d d r a u ) '
S.ORGANISM SHIPPED. A. Gerv1RX.subtp., autiT
USDA-ARfl-WR
B i o l o g i c a l C o n t r o l o f Weeds L a b o r a t o r y
1050 San P a b lo Avenue
A l b a n y , CA 947 06
5. NOS. flk STAGES SHIPPEDfee* c o tU ’t )
H yles eu p h orb iae
B
3. QUARANTINE FILE NO.
(L .)
IkOrderiFamllv
BCWRL-83-19
— —
< TYPE OF ORGANISM explain Ml & OT
In blk.20
C. Determined by ( n a m e * A a f f i li a t i o n s )
I—
I PAratIte
Q^REed feeder
ITlpRedator
D POIIInator
ClMIcroblal
d o Ther
e. OATES TRANSFORMED TO STAGES SHIPPED
(m o n th . J a y , y e a r)
p
10 -
MATtNG-OOGERVED
C l y Ct M / a
15 Au gu st 1983
%
C Ino
/ PFSfM A TERiA C
ClU e n e flc la l w it h h o tt/p r e y
E»<]
Q shlpped directly
9. DATES ORIGINALLY
FIELD COLLECTED ( m , d , y )
d I Io tty y re y A te tt o n ly
to. location - Country AProvInce/StateotOrlgln
j^ N o n e
O- rORCK-N/OVERSEAS SOURCE
i lla t io n s )
June 1983
A. R i z z a &
P. Pecora
D e b r e c e n , Hungary
IS. LAB CULTURED (F, ♦)
D Overteat
("!emerged In Quai
BCWLE-83-17
13. ORIGINAL HOST/PREY -Gen.. tp. ( o r o t h e r f o o d s o u r c e )
Cl No
Euphorb ia v i r g a t a W a l d s t . & K i t .
17. LAB HOST/PREY Gen., tp. H f d i f f e r e n t f r o m b lh . 13)
£ 3 In Quarantine __________
Leaves
IS. INTENDED host/ prEV-Gen., tp. ( i f d i f f e r e n t f r o m b lk . 13)
(n u m b e r o f
g e n e r a tio n s )
IS SHIPPED/CONSIGNED TO
20. REMARKS
Norman E. R e e s , USDA-ARS-WR
Rangeland I n s e c t L a b o r a t o r y
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , Bozeman, MT
SepnW
59717
(y.g 23. PAC KING/HANDLING
I DAfE
D A T E thkppei
S h ip p e d /
21.
RETAINED
bilutual
ZASMlTPEO VIA
IS. SCREENED OR PACKAGED UY
U . S . Mail
Cloiher ( e x p la in i n b l k . 2
0
1
G. R. Johnso n
SECTION Il - REPORT OF RECEIPT AND INTENDED U
SE
2«. DATE OF RCCCII
fm .d .y )
27. DATE OPENED
fm.d.y)
S ep t 1983
r
|A.Container
6 S e n t 1983
Good
INVENTORY OF MATERIA
TERl Al. RECEIVED (u s e
dumber and slagt
Q. Number Emerged (s ta g e s )
ecelved ( b l k . 2 )
Conlentt
2# RCPORTEU OR EXAMINED DY
Norman E. Rees______
Good
31.OTHER SPECIES INCLUDED OR EMERGED
A .Order: Fam Ily and Genut,
II. Determined by
special, author. Il known
(n a m e A a f f ilia t io n )
C . No. and
fu s e c tx le s ) -
8 A
44 V
2 A
I P
Wtal* "
32TREMARKS-
[fl.
34? INTENDED USE
A - D lm m M . ,!. ,., ... .
(c o m p le te S ec. I l l )
DFiold
36. Types of release
(Mother:
N o.s in c r e a s e
Lab culture/itudy
I e .0 A . lM » I n l. n d M
I C. LJ No releaie Intended
(^Greenhouse
D Cage
D Field
Laboratory
i n g r e e n h o u s e and l a b o r a t o r y
S3. INTENDED LAH HOST/PRE V - GerLl Ip.
E. p s u d o v i r g a t a t y p e s
Clcreenhouse Dcage
Cl FIeld I—IGreenhouse
D o th e r :
37. Locations (Stale, County,
nearest Town or physical
feature, m
apcoordinates)
( U s e A D - 9 4 2 A f o r m o r e d e ta ils )
38. Numberand stagesreleased.
(s e e c o d e s )
[$»[]
Ip O
39. Oatcsof release fm.d.y)
40. Targel hosts/prey at release
A. Primary - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
B. Other - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
C Fam
ilies
41. Food (plant/animal/other) of
target host/prey at release.
42. R
eleased by ( N a m e A a f f i l i a t i o n )
43. REMARKS (u s e A D - 9 4 2 A f o r m o r e d e t a ils )
44. REPORTED BV
O. Dale fm.d.y)
D cage
73
US Department of Agriculture
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD - Q U AR AN TIN E F A C IL IT Y
OMB NO. O lia-O O fl |EXP. 2/21/17)
r n . PINAL DETERMINATION Gen, sp, subsp.. auth.
freeAM
*/
□
□
•
( S h i f t m e n ! / C o n s ig n m e n t f r o m Q u e n n t i n e )
b
□
□
.
D
» □
SECTION I - REPORT OF MATERIAL SHIPPED. CONSIGNEDor RELEASED
!.FROM ( Q u a r a n t in e f a c u l t y - n a m e a n d a d d r e s t)
3. QUARANTINE FILE NO.
H y Ies e u p h o r b i a e ( L . )
USDA-ARS-WR
B i o l o g i c a l C o n t r o l o f Weeds L a b o r a t o r y
1050 San P a b lo Avenue
A l b a n y , CA 9470 6
BCWRL-84-
B. O r d e r : F a m i l y
ATYPE OF ONGANISM-explain Ml s o r
In blk. 20
- LeBltiPBtera.: _ S B ) i i n £ i d a e . __________
D
C. Determined b y ( n a m e s S a f f i l i a t i o n s )
s. NOS.
A STAGES SHIPPED free coder)
E»0
in
Q l V E e d fe e d e r
D
P O IIIn a to r
A. R l z z a - BCWLE
D M Ic ro b Ia I
O oT her
7. MATING OBSERVED
Oct 1983
D Yes m / a
S- OATES TRANSFORMED TO ETAGES SHIPPED
(m o n th ,d a y . y e a r)
p
P A r a s Iie
D p R e d a lo r
%
D no
A HOST / PllifV / PEST MATERIAL
E»D
D o e n e f Icial w i t h h o s t / p r e y
D ^hlpped directly
». OATES ORIGINALLY
10. LOCATION- Country L Provlnce/StateolOrlgln
Demerged In Quarantine
DuuslvUrey/pest only
.
O- POREIGN/OVERSEAS SOURCE
11 ORIGINAL COLLECTORS
f runner a f f i li a t i o n s )
FIELD COLLECTED (Wl.d.y)
A
BCWLE-84-6
D e b r e c e n , Hungary
June 1983
IS. LAB CULTURED
(F, ♦)
j^ O v e r s e a s
D no
13. ORIGINAL HOST/PREY Gen., sp. for of/ipr f o o d s o u r c e )
IA STAGE/PART OF HOST/PREY
17. LAB HOST/PREY-Gen., sp. ( i f d i f f e r e n t f r o m b lk . 13)
(n u m b e r o f
g e n e r a tio n s !
IS. ORIGINAL FTXXJ SOURCE OF
HOST/PREY
KU
Euphorbia v i r g a t a
DlnQuarantIne
I X lN n n e
ta INTENDED host / prey - Gen.. sp. ( i f d i f f e r e n t f r o m b lk . 13)
E. e s u l a / E. c h a r u c i a s
20. REMARKS
1%SMI PPED/CONSIGN ED TO
Norm R e e s , USDA-ARS-WR, Rangeland I n s e c t La b .
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , Bozeman, MT 59717
0
U sual
Kept 2 a t Albany f o r Vou ch er S p ecim en s
U .S . M a il
D o i h e r ( e x p la in i n b l k . M l
A. H. Krueger
SECTION Il - REPORT OF RECEIPT AND INTENDED U
SE
26. OATE OF RECEIPT
2».
|A.Container
CONDITION I
27 OATE OPENED
( m .d .y )
27 June 1984
27 June 1984
-lumber and stages
ecelved ( b l k . 2 )
|B. Contents
Good
received
2». REPORTED OH EXAMINED BY
Good
Linda Thors on
B. Number Emerged ( t l a g e t l
Beneflclals
Alive
Dead
B. Determined by
(n a m e A a f f ilia t io n )
Host/Prey
Alive
Dead
C. No. and
-(uxe c o d e i h
118 P
IS™"
-Jj SL
G reen h o u se c a g e r e l e a s e :
34. INTENDED USE
Lab cullure/study
______
D no
A. D l m m e d l a t e re lea se
( c n n ip l e t e S e c . I l l l
D r ie l d
36. Types of release
tr a n sfe r eggs
IS. INTENDED LAB HOST/PREY -GefVt Sp.
NED BY RECEIVER
L e a fy sp u r g e com plex
I B - Q R e l e a s e Intended
I C l I No release Intended
OGreenhouse
D
D r ie ld
Cage
D
G reenhouse
D
Cage
D r ie ld
D c re e n h o u s e
D o th e ri
D o th e n
37. Locations (Stale, County,
nearest Town or physical
feature, m
apcoordinates)
( U s e A D - 9 4 2 A f o r m o r e d e ta ils )
,
38. Number andstagesreleased,
I
I
I
I
_____I____I_____
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
*
I
V
I
B. Other - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
C Fam
ilies
I
A. Primary - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
I
<
39. Dalesof release ( m . d . y )
40. Target hosls/prey at release
IN
free c o d e s )
41. Food (plant/animal/other) of
target host/prey at release.
42. R
eleased by ( N a m e A a f f i l i a t i o n )
43 REMARKS (u s e A D - 9 4 2 A f o r m o r e d e t a ils )
4A REPORTEDBY
U D a le ( m . d . y )
D Cage
74
J« MNAL OEieRMirNAi ion
O M B N O 051#
Gen, tp., tubsp.. auth.
001 3 <CX P 2 / 2 6 / # H
I te e f d e i l
U.S. Dupuitmcni ol Agriculture
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD - NON Q U AR A N TIN E
..
□
□
».
LJ □
□
.
5 □
SECTION I - REPORT O
F MATERIAL RELEASED O
R SHIPPED
2 BENEFICIAL
. FROM ( S a m e A a tld r c tM o f S h i p p e r / H e le a ic r )
R o b ert M. N o w i e r s k i
4 09 L. J o h n so n H a l l
Dep a rtm ent o f E ntom ology
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
Bozeman, MT 5971 7
A. Gen., $p.. Subip.. auth.
I. SMlPPl R / HCLE ASILR FILE NO.
(te r In tlr u c tio n tl
H yles euphorblae ( L . )
LS-BZN-85-0
B. O id e i: Femily
_
L epid op tera:
«. TYPE OF BENEFICIAL
S p h in gid ae
( 3 PAritlte
GO WEeu feeder
CJ PHcdator
H
POllinator
CJ Microbial
I K x p la in
M I o r (J T ):
□
OTher
C. Determined by ( T la m r a n d a f f i l i a t i o n i f k n o w n i
R. M. N o w i e r s k i
Parl A. Frorn U.S. Field Cnllecllon
( C o lle c t e d f o r f i e l d t o f i e l d r e c o lo n u a h o n o r l a b o r a t o r y c u l t u r e )
And/Or
S.COLLECTION LOCALITY (SI State, County, nearetl town
( I f m o r e th a n 2 c o l l e c t i o n t i l c i . g iv e S la t e * C o u n t y o n l y )
Part D
. From Laboratory Culture
• . SOURCE FILE NOS.
M i l e s NE o f Bozeman, G a l l a t i n C o u n ty ,
Montana
2
□
AO-942, AO-943: Nos.
□
Part A
( 3 Other:
10. COUNTRIES/HEGION/STATE OF ORIGIN
D e l m o n t , S w i t z e r l a n d VIA B r a e s i d e , O n t a r i o
Canada
A l b a n y , C a l i f o r n i a . USA
6 DATES OF COLLECTION ( m . d . y )
J u l y 15
&
16,
N o w i e r s k i , R.
S . J . H a r v e y , M .S .U.
1985
, &
II. ORIGINAL COLLECTORS ( S a m e l
a n d a f fih o lio n i)
7 COLLECTORS ( S a i n r t a n d
B. U.S. FIELD HOSTS/PRE Y AT COLLECTION
A. Genus, species
M.
&
D
Schroder, D ., C .l.B .C
fi
nF
h
IB. Slaqe/part
I
at lacked ( te e
c o d e t)
I
Euphorbia e s u l a L.
12 NO. LAB GENERATIONS ( M t h i p p e r /
r e le a t e r l o c a t i o n )
- F 'o
LV
D F» '
'
- f »o
13. LABORATORY h o s t / prey
A. Genus, species
lB. Slaqe/part
|
altacked fere
E u p h o rb ia e s u l a L.
1
LV
SECTION Il - REPORT O
F SHIPMENT
is NO. & stages SMiPPEO/usc cutieeon r e v e r ie )
14 SHIPPED TO ( N a m e A a d d r e i t )
Susan Reed
c / o M i s s o u l a County Weed D i s t r i c t
M i s s o u l a , MT
M
W. DATE SHIPPED ( m . d . y )
J u l y 18,
,00 L
17. SHIPPER S REMARKS
Hand C a r r i e d
VIA :
1» DATE RECEIVED fm/l.v)
20. NO & STAGES l u t e c o d e
A. Hee d. Alive
B Emerged ( U e n c f I c i a I i )
18 J u l y 1985
I* " ]
22. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BY RECEIVER
(33 No
IOO
lt^
L
23. Intenoeo use
not.
t c o m / t l c t t S e e l. I l l l
27. Number A stagesreleased
( U ie c o d e t ; t e e i n s t r u c t i o n !
f o r r e c o rd in g m u lt ip le
r r lv a ie i. )
Yet
not.
24. INTENDED LAB HOST / PREY -Genl l Sp.
I fl Qnelease Intended
| c ' Q nu
ln, „ „ oca
LJ Greenhouse
LJ Cage
LJ Field
D Greenhouse
25. Types of release
26. Locations (Slate, County,
nearest Town or physical
feature, m
apcoordinates)
( U ir A D - 9 4 3 A f o r m o re d e la ih .
ie e i n s t r u c lio n i o n c o v e r ih e e l)
no
Q
100 L
SECTION III —
REPORT OF R
ELEASE/ RECOLONIZATION (S ee i n s l r u c l i o n t o n c o v e r t h e e l ; usf f o r m
SITE I
(id Field
n
21 RECEIVER S REMARKS
Lab cullure/study
( c o m p l e t e U lk . 2 1 )
A .clllmmediate release
I I Ii t
1985
ta. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BY SHIPPER
LJ Caqe
A l) 1
J -IJ A f o r m o re d e lm ltl
LJ Fieid
□
Greenhouse
LJ Cage
LJ Other:
Reed R e s i d e n c e , L o lo Cri e k ,
L o l o , M i s s o u l a Co. MT
LLIlJ
100
if« j
If-'O
L
28. Dales of releases ( m . d . y )
(S e e i n t l r u c l i o n i f o r
r e c o r d in g m u l t i p l e
r c le a t e i . )
29. I argct hosls/prey al release
A. Primary - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
19 J u l y 1985
E u p h orb ia e s u l a
L.
B. Other - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
C Fam
ilies
30. I ood (planl/ammal/othcr)
ol target host/prey at
II. R
eleased by
a/7dionnn/
Euphorbia e s u l a L.
R. .I. Lundy. Ms l a . Co. Veed D l s t .
R. J . Lundy
19 J u l y 1985
B. Date ( m j l . y l
75
OM B NO
O S H - PO 1 3 ( C X I '
2 /2 # /« /|
US Dcpurtmeni of Agriculture
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD - NON Q U AR A N TIN E
SECTION I - REPORT O F MATERIAL RELEASED OR SHIPPED
I. FROM( N a m e Si a U d r c t i o f S h i p p e r / l t r l e a t c r )
2. BENEFICIAL. - A. Gen., ip., luDlp., «ulh.
3. SMlPfen / PELE ASLN FILE NO.
ls c c in s t r u c t i o n s )
[M)
R o b ert M. N o w i e r s k i
409 L. J o h n so n H a l l
D ep artm ent o f E n tom ology
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
Bozeman, MT 597 1 7
H yles euphorbiae
B. Order: Family
(L .)
LS-BZN-85 -0 0 6
— — — — — — — — —
L epid op tera:
4. TYPE OF BENEFICIAL
And/Or
WEed feeder
I I POiilnator
□
OTlior
I H x p l a in
M lo r O T ):
R. M. N o w i e r s k i
Part A. From U S. Field Collection
( C o l le c t e d f o r f i e l d t o f i e l d r v c o l o n i e a t i o n o r l a b o r a t o r y c u l t u r e )
3.COLLECTION LOC A LI T Y (S) - State, County, neareit Town
H f m o r e t h a n 2 c o l l e c t i o n s ite s , g iv e S t a le A C o u n t y o n l y )
lx)
LI PAraiIte
I I PRedator
LI Microbial
Sphin gid ae
C. Determined by ( R o m e a n d o f f IU a tT o n t f I t n o iv n
Part 0. From Laboratory Culture
e. SOURCE FILE NOS.
M i l e s NE o f Bozeman, G a l l a t i n C o u n ty ,
Montana
2
□
AO-942. AD-943: Not.
O
P«M A
Q Other:
10. COUNTRIES/HEGION/SrATC OF ORIGIN
D e lm o n t, S w i t z e r l a n d VIA B r a e s i d e , O n t a r i o
C a n a d a , 4 A l b a n y , C a l i f o r n i a , USA
6 DATES OF COLLECTION ( m . d . y )
J u l y 15 & 1 6 ,
7. COLLECTORS ( N a m e s a n d
1985
S. J .
N o w i e r s k l , R. M. &
H a rv ey , M .S .U.
S. U S FIELD HOSTS/PRE V AT COLLECTION
A. Gctiut, tpeciei
IU Slaqe/part
I
attached (see
Euphorbia e s u l a L.
I
Il- ORIGINAL COLLECTORS f.Vurnve
a n d a f f ilia t io n s )
12. NO. LAB GENERATIONS ( A t s h i p p e r /
r e le a s e r l o c a t i o n )
S chroder, D ., C .I.B .C
□
FI
D
f
- F IO
D
13. LABORATORY HOST/PHEY
A. Genus, ipeciei
LV
f SI *
I l - F »0
10. Si aqe/ par I
|
attacked (se e
E u p h orb ia e s u l a L .
1
LV
SECTION Il - REPORT OF SHIPMENT
1
3
. NO. ASTAGES SHIPPCORrai- c o d e s o n r e v e rs e )
1
4
. SHIPPED TO( N a m e A a ild r e s s )
Pete S tra zd a s
D e p t , o f S t a t e Lands
Box 1456
^Conrad, MT
IS. DATE RECEIVED lm ^ l^ y )
19 J u l y 1985
6 no
100 L
I I Yei
noi.
21. RECEIVER'S REMARKS
[|.!]
23 INTENOEO USE
not.
1985
(X)No
Hand C a r r i e d
24. INTENDED LAB HOST / PWCV -Gen., ip.
Labculture / i t udy
( c o m p le t e I l l h . 2-1)
A. C
DImmediate release
n Yci
J u ly 18,
,00 L
IS. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BY SHIPPER
20 NO. &ETAGCS (u s e c o d e •J
A. Rac'd. Alive
B
. Emerged I l l e n e f i c i a l s )
C
fcM
]
22 SPECIMENS RETAINED
BY RECEIVER
M
M
. DATE SHIPPED ( m . d . y I
(FOmplFl, SFFl I W
I
LJReieaie Intended
I c'
|„ |. „ d«d
SECTION III —
REPORT OF RELEASE/ RECOLONIZATION (S ee i n s t r u c t i o n s o n c o v e r s h e e t , u s e FormA l l b - t J A f o r m o r e d e ta ils )
SITE I
SITE 2
Ijj Field
25. Types of release
LJ Gieenhoute
LJ Cage
LJ Field
LJ Greenhouie
LJ Caqe
LJ Field
CJ Greenhouie
LJ O lher:
2
6
. Locations (Stale, County,
nearest Town or physical
feature, m
apcoordinates)
(U s e A D - 9 4 3 A f o r m o r e d e t a ils :
see i n s t r u c t i o n s o n c o v e r s h e e t !
27. Num
ber & stagesreleased
( U s e c o d e s ; see I n s t r u c t i o n s
f o r r e c o rd in g m u lt ip le
re le a s e s .)
T o o l e C o u n t y , Montana
SF.1/4, NE,/ 4 . S e c . 3 6 ,
T31N, R2W
IfiG
(E
M
l)
II mJ
100 L
28. Dates of releases ( m . d . y )
(S e e i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r
r e c o r d in g m u l t i p l e
re le a s e s .)
19 J u l y 1988
29. Target hosls/prcy at release
A. Primary - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
Euphorbia e s u l a L.
0. Other - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
C
. Fam
ilies
3
0
. Food (plant/animal/other)
of target host/prey at
*1 Relvaied by
A f f ilia t io n )
32. REMARKS { U s e A D
Euphorbia e s u l a L.
P e t e S t r a z d a s , DSL
J I J A f o r m o r e d e t a ils )
1
Spurge somewhat d r o u g h t s t r e s s e d .
33. REPORTED n Y
a .Nam
e
pece
B. Oalefm1
J.y>
gtrazdas
O C
aye
76
OMBNO OSia 0013 |CXM 2/2«/# f |
14 MNAL OCTtRMINATION-G
eO
,S
P
.. Subip.. auth.
Is r e f i l n l
US. Department of Agriculture
□
□
..
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD - NON Q U AR AN TIN E
S E C T IO N I -
».
2. b e n e f i c i a l • A . G e n ., sp ., subsp., a u th .
R o b ert M. N o w i e r s k i
409 L. J o h n so n H a l l
D ep artm ent o f Entom ology
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
Bozeman, MT 597 1 7
M yles e u p h o r b l a e
l.S-B ZN-85-008
U. O r d e r : F a m ily
4. TVPt OF BENEFICIAL
L epidoptera:
Sphin gid ae
l_ J P A ra s Ite
I
C D e le im m e d b y ( N a m e a n d a f f J i a l i o n T f I t n o i v n )
P art A . F ro m U S. F ie ld C o lle c tio n
*
2 M i l e s NE o f Bozeman, G a l l a t i n C o u n ty ,
Montana
C D M ic r o b ia l
D e l m o n t , S w i t z e r l a n d VIA B r a e s i d e , O n t a r io
C a n a d a , & A lb a n y , C a l i f o r n i a , USA
II. ORIGINAL COLLECTORS l N a m e i
12 NO. LAII GENERATIONS ( A t l h i p p e r /
D f i - f io
□ F ' | - F »0
Schrod er, D ., C .I.B .C
13 LABORATORY HOST/PREV
IB. Slage/part
attacked ( ie e
c o d e i)
I
I
r e le u ie r I o c a lio n l
a n d a f f illa lio n i)
N o w l e r s k l , R. M. &
S . J . H a rv ey , M .S .U.
E u p h orb ia e s u l a L.
C D O Ther
(h'.x p l a i n
M lo r t) T ) :
10. COUN TR I ES/REG I ON/S TA TE OF ORIGIN
7. COLLECTORS (A'oiriee a n d
I. US. FIELD HOSTS/PRE V AT COLLECTION
A. Genus, species
| | P O llin a to r
#. SOURCE FILE NO*.
□ AD-942. AD-943: Nos.
□ Psrt A □ Other:
LOCALlTVist -State, County, nearest Town
H f m o r e t h a n 2 c o l l e c t i o n i i l c i . g iv e S l a l c
County o n l y I
J u l y 15 & 1 6 , 1985
IXJ W E ed feeder
I P R e d a to r
Part 0 . F ro m L a b o r a to r y C u ltu re
( C o l le c l e i l f o r f i e l d I o f i e l d r v c o l o n i t a l i o n o r I u b u r u l o r y c u l t u r e )
OATES OF COLLECTION ( m . d .X )
□
3. SHIPFt-R / RCLE ASLR FILE NO.
( ic e i n i l r u c l i o m )
(L .)
R. M. N o w i e r s k i
6
.
6□
R E P O R T O F M A T E R I A L R E L E A S E D O R S H IP P E D
I. F R O M ( S a m e Xr a d d r v n o f S h i p p e r / l l c l c a i e r )
s COLLECTION
□
□
A. Genus, species
LV
attacked ( ic e
1
R E P O R T O F S H IP M E N T
IS. NO. A STAGES SHIPPEOfu«<- c o d e i o n r e v e r ie )
14. S H IP P E D T O ( N a m e <6 a t ld r e u )
B. Si age/ par I
|
E u p h orb ia e s u l a L.
S E C T IO N I l -
D fH•
I
LV
M DATE SHIPPED ( m . d . y l
iE u J
Larry N e l s o n
J u d i t h B a s i n County Weed D i s t r i c t
S t a n f o r d , MT 5947 9
v ia
J u l y 18,
100 L
17. SHIPPER'S REMARKS
□
Hand C a r r i e d
NO
F I Ves
:
1». DATE RECEIVED ( m / l. y )
18 J u l y 1985
20. NO. A STAGES ( u i r c o d r i l
A . R e c 'd . A h v e
|B. E m e rg e d ( B e n c f i c i a l t l
100
fp b )
22. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BV RECEIVER
L
1985
U. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BY SHIPPER
nos.
21. RECEIVER'S REMARKS
B»0
24. INTENDED LAB HOST / PREV -G en., SP.
LaD L u ll ure / St Udy
( c o m p l e t e D lh 2 d I
23 INTENOEO USE
Q no
I I Ycs
nos.
( c o m p / c l. S e c t. I l l )
| c Q no
In „ n a „ d
S E C T IO N I I I — R E P O R T O F R E L E A S E / R E C O L O N I Z A T I O N IS e e i n t l r u c l i o n t o n c o e e r t h c e l . im r h a r m A U 9 J J A f o r m o r e i l e t a i l t l
Ixl Field
25. Types of release
□ Giecnhouse
□ Cage
LD Field
□ Other:
26. Locations (Stale, County,
nearest Town or physical
feature, m
apcoordinates)
( U » r A D - 9 4 J A f o r m o re d c t a iU .
l i e i m l r u c t i o n i o n c o v e r th e e I )
27. Num
ber A stagesreleased
( U ie e o d e t, te c i n i l r u c l io m
f o r r e c o rd in g m u lt ip le
r e le a ie i.)
□ Greenhouse
l_l Cage
□ F icld
□
M ontana, J u d i t h B a s i n
U tica.
U
E
m)
Cu
□ G
reenhouse
Other:
**
lf,.j
Ifj
100 L
28. Dates ol releases ( m . d . y )
(S e e i m l r u c t i o n i f o r
r e c o r d in g m u l t i p l e
re le o ie i. I
19 J u l y
29. Target hosls/prcy at release
A. Primary - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
1985
Euphorbia e s u l a L.
B
. Other - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
C
. Fam
ilies
30 I ood (piant/animal/other)
of target host/prey at
3
1
. Released by
*a U i li a I to n )
32. r e m a r k s ( U i e A l )
Larry N e l s o n
9 IJ A f o r m o re d c t a ili)
33. REPORTED BV
A. Name.
L o c a te d 20 l a r v a e 0>. 21 J u l y 1985
R
. Dale ( m j l . y )
N elson
□ Cage
77
OMBNO O il#
14 MNAl. OClKRMlNATlON-Gsn, Ip.. SUbSP., 4uth.
OOI 3 (EXP 4/?4/Kr|
lir e f lir t I
US. Department of Agriculture
0 0.0
0 0.0
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD - NON Q U AR A N TIN E
SECTION I - REPORT O
F MATERIAL RELEASED OR SHIPPED
I. F R O M fA /orm -A a t l d n a t o f S h l p p c r / l l i - i r a i c r )
J BENEFICIAL - A. Uun., ip., IUbIP., .u lli.
R o b ert M. N o w i e r s k l
409 L. J o h n s o n H a l l
D ep artm ent o f E ntom ology
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
Bozeman, MT 5971 7
H yles eu p h orb ias
U
. Order FSinlly
I. SHlPPtn / HCLf AStn FILE NO.
( ie e I n a l r u c l i o " * )
3
(L .)
L S -B Z N -8 5 -0 0 9
—
L epid op tera:
4. TVPC OF BENEFICIAL
Sph in gid ae
D PArasite
(&] W
Eed feeder
FI PRedator
Cl POlIInator
PI Microbial
I H x p la m
M lo r O T ) :
D OTher
c T b e t e im m e d b y f F l a i n r J i l d H f fiT la lT o itT f I tT to u m )
R. M. N o w i e r s k i
Part A. From US
. Field Collection
( C o lle c t e d f o r f i e l d t o f i e l d r e c o l o n i t a l i o n o r I u b u r a l o r y c u l t u r e )
S COLLECTION LOCALIT V(SI - State, County, nearest Town
( I f m o r e th a n 2 c o l l e c t i o n a ilc a , g iv e S la t e A C o u n t y o n l y )
And/Or
Part 0. From Laboratory Culture
». SOURCE FILE NOS.
2 M i l e s NE o f Bozeman, G a l l a t i n C o u n ty ,
Montana
□
AO-942. AD-943: Nos.
□
Part A
Qother:
10. COUNTRIES/REGION/STATE OF ORIGIN
D e l m o n t , S w i t z e r l a n d VIA B r a e s i d e , O n t a r i o
Canada
Albany^ C a l i f o r n i a , USA
6 DATES OF COLLECTION ( m , d , y )
J u l y 15
&
16,
1985
7 COLLECTORS ( N a m e a a n d
a n , I,. , , o n . ,
N o u le r s k l>
R-
„
&
, &
II. ORIGINAL COLLECTORS I N a m e i
a n d a f f ilu iliu n i)
S . J . H a rv ey , M .S .U .
•. U.S. FIELD HOSTS/PRE V AT COLLECTION
A. Genus, species
IB Staqe/parl
attacked ( a r e
I
I
E u p h o rb ia e s u l a L.
12 NO. LAU GENERATIONS ( A l A t ip p e r /
r e I e a ie r I o e a t i o i t l
□
Schroder, D ., C .I.B .C
F I
- F I0
Q f SI *
D f H - f S=
13 LABORATORY MOST/PREV
A. Genus, species
LV
IB. Si aqe / par I
j
at
( ic e
Ucked
E u p h o rb ia e s u l a L.
1
LV
SECTION Il - REPORT O
F SHIPMENT
IS NO. A STAGES SHiPPEOfuic c o d e i o n rc u e ra e )
ta S H IP P E D T O ( N a m e A a d d r e n )
Ross R a cin e
Bureau o f I n d i a n A f f a i r s
B l a c k f e e t Agen cy
B r o w n in g , MT 5941 7
N DATE SHIPPED ( m . d . y )
100 L
J u l y 18,
l i. SHIPPER'S REMARKS
Hand C a r r i e d
V IA I
I * DATE RECEIVED fm/i.vf 20 NO. & STAGES (Uae c o d e i )
A. Hee d. A h v e
a. E m e rg e d ( B e n e f ic i a l ! )
19 J u l y 1985
6 *0
22. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BV RECEIVER
□
L
io o
I I Ves
nos.
I c o r w l c u SFCl
25. Types of release
27. Num
ber & stagesreleased
11U e c o d e i ; ere i n s t r u c t i o n s
f o r r e c o rd in g m u lt ip le
re le a s e s .)
Yes
Lab Cull lir e / S i u d y
( c o m p l e t e D IM . 2-1)
IW
24 INTENDED LAB HOST / PRlV -G e n , sp.
□ Greenhouse
U C
age
□ Field
LI G
reenhouse
Li C
age
A U 9-1J A f o r m o r e d r I t i d i I
□ Field
□ G
reenhouse
D Other:
NWl/4, N E 1 /4 , SW1/4,
S e c . 2 3 , T37N, R14W
LEl'J
IfL l
Ii5
1
J
100 L, IV & V i n s t a r
28. Dales of releases ( m . d . y )
(S e e i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r
r e c o r d in g m u l t i p l e
re le a s e s )
19 J u l y 1985
29. I argcl hosls/prcy at release
A. Primary - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
E u p h orb ia e s u l a L.
B. Other - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
C . Fam
ities
30. I ood (plant/animal/other)
of target host/prey at
3
1
-R
eleased by
fOffihaUon)
3
2 REMARKS ( U s e A U
Ross R a c i n e , B . I . A .
9 4 J A f o r m u r e d e t a ils )
nos.
I q Q lH e ie a s e In te n d e d
I c Q N b ........... ..
□ Other:
2
6
. Locations (Stale, County,
nearest Town or physical
feature, m
apcoordinates)
( t ' i e A U - 9 4 3 A f o r m o r e d e t a ils ,
i r e in s tr u c tio n ! o n c o v e r ih e e t)
no
D
RECEIVER S REMARKS
SECTION III —
REPORT O
F RELEASE/ R
ECOLONIZATION (S ee m i l r u c l i o n * one o v e r a h r e l . u i r f o r m
Field
□
S ‘0
23 INTtNOEO USE
A ( ^ I m m e d ia t e release
no
it
1985
IS. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BV SHIPPER
33. REPORTED BV
O
- D a le ( m jd .y )
□ C
age
78
OMUNO 051« 0011 (EXP 2/2«/i?|
MNAL d e t e r m in a t io n - Gen, ip., lubsp., auth.
I f -e f i l e t )
K
US. Department of Aoricullure
□
□
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD - NON Q U AR A N TIN E
□
□
.
»
□
□
SECTION I - REPORT O
F MATERIAL RELEASED O
R SHIPPED
I. FROM fVami' * o t l d r e t t o f S h i p p e r / U e l e a t e r )
I. SHIPPER/RClX ASLH FILL NO.
( te e i n t l r u c l i u n t )
2 BENEFICIAL - A. Gen., Sp.. SUbSp.. eulh.
R obert M. N o w i e r s k i
4 09 L. J o h n so n H a l l
D ep a rtm e nt o f Entom ology
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
Bozeman, MT 597 17
H yles e u p h orb lae ( L .)
LS-BZ N-85-01 3
U. Order: Femlly
4. TYPE OF BENEFICIAL
L epld op tera:
Cl PArasite
CJ PRedalor
I I Microbial
S p h in gid ae
C Deteimined by ( N a m e a n d a f f i U a t i o n T f I t T i o t v n ) " '
”
(I-:x p l a i n
M lo r O T ) :
R. M. N o w i e r s k i
'O ' I
r IU lll V l. 3 . r IClU VIIIICLI lu ll
( C o l le c t e d ( o r f i e l d I o f i e l d r v c o l o n i i a t i o n o r l a b o r a t o r y c u t lu r e )
, _ r
0. fom Laboratory Culture
. __ ,
®
S.COLLECTION LOC A LIT VlS | -Stale, County, nearest Town
( I f m o r e ( b a n 2 c o l l e c t i o n t i l e t , g iv e S t a le A C o u n t y o n l y )
(XJWEed feeder
CJPOlHnator
Cl OThor
S
. SOURCE FILE NOS.
M i l e s NE o f Bozeman, G a l l a t i n C o u n ty ,
Montana
2
□
AO-942. AD-943: N
oS
.
□
Pan A
Qoiner:
1
0
. c o u n t h ie s / h e g io n / s t a t e o f o r ig in
D e l m o n t , S w i t z e r l a n d VIA B r a e s l U e , O n t a r i o
C a n a d a , & A l b a n y , C a l i f o r n i a . USA
« OATES OF COLLECTION ( m . d . y )
Ju ly
15
&
16,
J. COLLECTORS ( N a m e t a n d
N o w i e r s k i , R. M.
S . J . H a r v e y , M .S .U.
1985
#
. U S. FIELD HOSTS/PRE V AT COLLECTION
A. G
enus, species
II. ORIGINAL COLLECTORS ( N a m e t
a n d a f f llla llo n t )
&
I
D h - - F I0
D fI I '
D f ' I - F io
18. Staqo/part
I
allacked ( te e
c o d c t)
E u p h o rb ia e s u l a L.
1
2
. NO LAB GENERATIONS ( A l t h i p p c r /
n f Ic a te r I o c a llo n l
Schroder, D ., C .I.B .C
I) LABORATORY MOST/PREV
A. G
enus, species
LV
lB. Slaqe/ parI
i atlacked ( te e
1 c o d c t)
E u p h orb ia e s u l a L.
1
LV
SECTION Il - REPORT O
F SHIPMENT
IS NO. & STAGES SMlFPCOfutf c o d a o n r c i« r $ e )
1
4
. SHIPPED TO ( N a m e A a d d r t t e )
Andrew K u l l a
U. S . F o r e s t S e r v i c e
L o lo N a t i o n a l F o r e s t , S u p e r i o r Ranger D i s t .
Box 460
VIA:
Superior.
IS. DATE RECEIVED ( m j l . y )
19 J u l y 1985
ioo L
Hand C a r r i e d
D
No
11. RECEIVER S REMARKS
R e l e a s e d i n good c o n d i t i o n , no m o r t a l i t y o b s e r v e d
24. INTENDED UAB HOST / PRCV Cen1 ip.
Lab culture / Study
( c o m p l e t e O lb 2-1)
( c o m p l e t e S e c t. I l l )
1985
Cl v e t.
[lii]
23. INTtNOEO USE
nos.
J u l y 18,
I r SHIPPER'S REMARKS
20. NO. & STAGES ( U te c a d e t )
A Rcc'd. Alive
8. Emerged ( U e n r f i c i a h )
A .D G lm m e d ia te release
NO
Q Yes
W OATE shipped ( m . d . y i
,0 0 L
59872
Ltsri
22. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BY RECEIVER
□
MT
M
H QReiease Intended
C. O no **'«*»® Intended
SECTION III —
REPORTOF RELEASE / RECOLONIZATION(S ee m t l r u c l i o n s «
>
ne t w v r a h e c t . u i c h a r m A l ) U 4 J A f u r m o r e t l c l a i b l
SITE 3
U u Meld
25. T y p e s o f re le a s e
Q
G
reenhouse
LJ C
age
L Z jF ie ld
L J Other:
2fi. L o c a t io n s ( S t a t e , C o u n t y ,
n e a r e s t T o w n o r p h y s ic a l
f e a t u r e , m a p c o o r d in a t e s )
( U t e A l ) 9 4 3 A f o r m o r e d e t a il * ,
te e i n t l r u c l i o n t o n c o v e r i h e e l )
27. N u m b e r 4 s ta g e s r e le a s e d
< l'* e c o d e t ; te e I n t l r u c l i o n t
f o r r e c o rd in g m u lt ip le
M on tana, M i s s o u l a Count;
SE 1 / 4 , S E l / 4 , S E l / 4 , Sec
T12N, R20W, P.MM
Le u ]
LJ G
reenhouse
IZ I C
age
L J FIe id
Q
G
reenhouse
LJ C
age
L J Other:
.’
3 6 .
[EU]
IE U ]
100 L
28 . D a te s o f re le a s e s ( m . d . y i
(S e e i n t l r u c l i o n t f o r
r e c o rd in g m u lt ip le
20 J u l y 1985
29. T a r g c i h o s l s / p r e y a l re le a s e
A. P r i m a r y B
. O ih c r -
Genus, specici
Euphorb ia e s u l a L.
Genus, species
C . F a m itie s
30. I o o d ( p l a n t / a n i m a l / o t h e r )
o f ta r g e t h o s t / p r e y a t
31- R e le a s e d b y
^ Hi!Nation)
32. REMARKS ( U t e A U
S 4 3 A f o r m u re d c la d t)
Larvae f e e d i n g w i t h i n one hour o f r e l e a s e , l e a f y s p u r g e abundant
33 REPORTED B Y
A Name Andrew K u l l a
□. OaiermAy/ 20 J u l y 1985
79
OMM n o n a n
S
4
. FINAL DETERMlNAr IO
N-Gen, tp.. subsp.. auth.
o o n
(cxi»
z/za/m ?!
Ite e f ile t I
US. Department of Agriculture
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD - NON Q U AR AN TIN E
..
□
□
.
D
-
□
□
D□
□
SECTION I - REPORT O
F MATERIAL RELEASED OR SHIPPED
I. FROM I N a m e A o d d r c e i o f S h i p p e r /U e le u e c r )
2
. BENEFICIAL. -A. Gen., $p., subip., «uth.
R o b ert M. N o w i e r s k i
409 L. J o h n s o n H a l l
D ep a rtm e nt o f E n tom ology
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
Bozeman, MT 597 1 7
H yles euphorbiae
O
. Order: Family
. SHlPFt-N/REUE ASIER FILE NO.
Ite e I n t I r u c I i o n t J
(L .)
L S -B Z N -8 5 -0 1 4
— — —— — — — —
L ep id op tera:
«. TVPE OF BENEFICIAL
Sphin gid ae
C Oeleimmed by ( N a m e a n d a f f J l a t l a n i f knoum
)
. . /rv.
And/Of
a. c o l l e c t io n l o c a l i t v | s | - Stale, County, nearest Town
( I f m o r e th a n 2 c o l l e c t i o n t i t e t , g lu e S t a le A C o u n t y o n l y )
D
QW
Eed feeder
f~]
Q
PRedalor
□ Mlcioblal
lK * p lm ln
M lo r O T J :
R. M. N o w i e r s k i
pan m. rrom u.*>. Meid collection
( C o l le c t e d ( o r f i e l d t o f i e l d r e c o l o n l t a l l o n o r l a b o r a t o r y c u l t u r e )
D PAretHe
POlIInaIor
□ Other
n . _ _
_
.
^
Pait O
. From Laboratory Culture
e. SOURCE FILE NOS
Q
2 M i l e s NE o f Bozeman, G a l l a t i n C o u n ty ,
Montana
AO-942, AD-943: N
os.
O Pe,t A
O Other:
ID- COUNTaiCS/REGION/STATE OF ORIGIN
D e l m o n t , S w i t z e r l a n d VIA B r a e s l d e , O n t a r i o
Canada,
A l b a n y . C a l i f o r n i a , USA
4. DATES OF COLLECTION ( m . d . y )
J u l y 15
&
16,
1985
&
II. ORIGINAL COLLECTORS ( N a m e t
a n d a f f ilia lt o n i)
? COLLECTORS ( N a m e t a n d
S.
J .
N o w i e r s k l . R. M.
H a r v e y , M .S .U.
t. US. FIELD HOSTS/FREY AT COLLECTION
A. G
enus, species
&
lB. Slaqe/part
I
attacked ( te e
E u p h orb ia e s u l a L.
I
12. NO. LAU GENERATIONS ( A l t h i p p e r /
r e le a t e r l o c a t i o n )
Schroder, D ., C .l.B .C
□
FI
□
F l . - F SO
- F m
13. LABORATORY HOST/FREV
A. G
enus, species
LV
□
Fn
•
18 Slaqe/part
i
attacked ( te e
c o d e t)
E u p h o rb ia e s u l a L.
1
LV
SECTION Il - REPORT OF SHIPMENT
IS. NO. B STAGES SHiFFEOfUfF c o d e t o n r e v e rs e )
14 SHIPPED TO ( N a m e A o d d r e t t )
B jll-J
Rodger A s h l e y
R o o s e v e l t County E x t e n s i o n Agen t
Box 416
C u l b e r t s o n , MT 5 9 218
io o
M. DATE SHIFFEO ( m . d . y )
L
J u ly 18,
17. SHIPPER'S REMARKS
Hand C a r r i e d
0
N
d
Q ves
VIA :
It. DATE RECEIVED ( m 4 j )
19 J u l y 1985
22. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BY RECEIVER
0
1985
ie. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BY SHIPPER
6 *0 100 L
S-O
23. INTENDED USE
N°
nos.
24 INTENDED LA* HOST / FREY -Gtn, Sp.
Labculture/study
(c o m p le te l l lk . 2 4 )
A .^immediate release
fives
I c o n t p l e t t S e e l. I l l l
I B. QReleese Intended
| c Q no
, „ „ „ ae0
SECTION III —
REPORTOF RELEASEZRECOLONIZATION !S e e l n t l r u c l l o n t o n c n v e r ih e c l . u
*«
* form A D m J A
SITE 2
SITE I
r»
Qfield
Q Gieennouse
Q C
age
25. Types of release
26. Locations (Slate, County,
nearest Town or physical
feature, m
apcoordinates)
( U t e A D - 9 4 3 A f o r m o r e d e ta ils ,
te e i n s t r u c t i o n s o n c o v e r t h e e l)
27. Num
ber & stagesreleased
( U t e c o d e s ; te e I n t l r u c l i o n i
f o r r e c o rd in g m u lt ip le
r v le a t e i . )
nos.
21. RECEIVER'S REMARKS
20. NO. & STAGES ( U te C O d e t)
A. Rec'd. Alive
B. Em
erged ( U e n c f ic I a I t )
Il
nmar
U
G
reenhouse
LJ Caqe
f o r m o r e d e la iltJ
Q Field
D
Q Greenhouse
Q Caqe
Other:
M o n atana, R o o s e v e l t Co.
C u l b e r t s o n , S e c . 13,
T27N, R56E
IiitD
lug
SnD
100 L
2& Dates of releases ( m . d . y )
(S e e i n i l r u e t i o n i f o r
r e c o r d in g m u l t i p l e
20 J u l y 1985
29. Targci Iiosts/prey at release
A. Primary - G c n u i , s p c c i a
L u p lio tbla e s u l a L.
B
. Other - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
C. f am
ities
30. Food (planl/animal/other)
of target host/prey at
31.
32.
R
eleased by
fOffdiaUon)
Rodger A s h l e y ,
REMARKS (Ute AD-94JA for muredetails)
E x t . Agei t
33. REP
ONTEOBY
A.N.me Roge r
A shley
B Oale(m.d.y)
20 J u l y
1985
80
OMBNO 03t> 0013 (CXP Z/jW/g?!
S4. FINAL OCTCNMI NATION - Gen, ip., subip.. aulh.
I i e e /ile*I
US. Dciiai tnieni of Agriculture
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD - NON Q U AR ANTIN E
..
□
□
. n
o
□
□
O □
SECTION I - REPORT O
F MATERIAL RELEASED O
R SHIPPED
I. FROM ( N a i t u - A a i h l r c $ i o f S h i p p e r / l t r le a s c r )
2 BENEFICIAL - A. Gen., $p., $ub$p.. aulh.
R obert M. N o w l e r s k i
409 L. J o h n s o n H a l l
D ep artm ent o f Entom ology
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
Bozeman, MT 597 1 7
H yles euphorblae
3. SHIPPE11/ RELT ASEH FILE NO.
I t c e instruction*;
0
(L .)
LS-BZN-85-015
U.Older: Family
4. TYPE OF BENEFICIAL
L epid op tera:
LJ
IJ
LJ
Sph in gid ae
C. Determined by fF la m e a n d u f I i H a t i o n T f I m o t v n f
Part A. From US. Field Cnilecl ion
( C o l le c t e d f o r f i e l d t o f i e l d n ' c n l o n u a l i o n o r I n h o r a h t r y c u l t u r e )
And/Or
PRedator
Microbial
( E x p la in
R. M. N o w i e r s k i
5. COLLECTION LOC A LIT Y(s| - State, County, neareil Town
( I f m o r e th a n 2 c o l l e c t i o n site*, g le e S t a te A C o u n t y o n l y )
iX] WEed feeder
LJ POllinator
PArante
□
OT her
A t lu r O T ) :
Part II. From Laboratory Culture
». SOURCE FILE NOS.
M i l e s NE o f Bozeman, G a l l a t i n C o u n ty ,
Montana
2
□
AO-942. AO-943: Nos.
□
Part A
LJothcr:
10. COUNTRIES/RECION/ST ATE OF ORIGIN
D c l m o n t , S w i t z e r l a n d VIA B r a e s i d e , O n t a r io
C a n a d a , & A l b a n y , C a l i f o r n i a . USA
6. DATES OF COLLECTION ( r n . d . y )
J u l y 15
16,
&
1985
7. COLLECTORS f/Vomr* a n d
S .
N o w i e r s k i . R. M.
J . H a r v e y , M .S .U .
a. u s. FIELD HOSTS/PRE v a t c o l l e c t io n
A. Genus, species
H ORIGINAL COLLECTORS ( N a m e i
a n d u f fd u M tio m )
&
IB. Stage/part
I
attacked ( ie e
E u p h o rb ia e s u l a L.
I
12. NO. LAU GENERATIONS ( A l s h i p p e r /
r e le a s e r l o c a t i o n )
Schrod er, D ., C .I.B .C
□
Fl
□
F M - F 10
- F IO
13. LABORATORY HOST/PREY
A. Genus, species
LV
D p SI *
IO. Si age / par I
|
attacked l i c e
E u p h o rb ia e s u l a L.
1
LV
SECTION Il - REPORT O
F SHIPMENT
IS. NO. & STAG ES SHiPPEOf ii«v c o d e s o n re v e rs e )
14. SHIPPED TO ( A ta m e A a d d r e s s )
G l a c i e r N a t i o n a l Park
R es o u r c e Management
West Lakes D i s t r i c t O f f i c e
West G l a c i e r , MT 5993 6
H. DATE SHIPPED ( m . d . y )
Ju ly
lt‘,J 450 L
17. SHIPPER S REMARKS
18,
1985
«■. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BY SHIPPER
Q
Hand C a r r i e d
NO
Q Y
es
VIA :
I*. DATE RECEIVED ( m ^ l. y )
19 & 23 J u l y
1985
20- NO a STAGES fu*e c o d e
A. Ree d. Alive
B- Em
erged ( B e n e f ic I a I t )
&0
22. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BY RECEIVER
Q no
IMI
450 L
23. INTENOtO USE
nos.
24 INTENDED LAB HOST / PRTV -Gen., Sp.
Lab culture/study
( c o m p l e t e D lk . 2-1)
A.KJlminedIale release
Qves
nos.
21. RECEIVER S REMARKS
I c o m p l e U S e e ,. I l l ,
I q Qlielease Intended
|
I n l. „ d . e
Q no
SECTION III —
REPORTOF RELEASEZ
R
ECOLONIZATION(S e e i n i t r u c t i o n g an rovertheet. ute Fnrni A/> !/-IJA f o r m o r e d e l a d t l
[ I d Field
25 . T y p e s o f re le a s e
Q
2
6
. L o c a t io n s ( S t a le , C o u n t y ,
n e a r e s t T o w n o r p h y s ic a l
fe a t u r e , m a p c o o r d in a t e s )
( t t s r A D iZ -IJ A f o r m o r e d e t a ils ;
s e e i n s t r u c t i o n s o n c o v e r s h e e l)
27. N u m b e r
&
s ta g e s re le a s e d
IlJ s e c o d e s ; s e c i n s t r u c t i o n s
f o r r e c o rd in g m u lt ip le
re le a s e s .)
Q
Greenhouse
Q
Other:
Cage
Q
Field
O
Other.
Q
Greenhouse
Q
Caqe
Mon tana, F l a t h e a d Co. ,
Big P r a i r i e , G l a c i e r
N a t i o n a l P a rk , UTM: 696, 2 X 5 4 1 0 . 8
LfalJ
L u iJ
Q
Field
Q
Greenhouse
Q
I u iJ
4 50 L
28. D a le s o f re le a s e s I m . d . y )
(S e e i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r
r e c o r d in g m u l t i p l e
re le a s e s . I
19 and 23 J u l y
29. T a r g e t h o s t s / p r e y a t re le a s e
A . P r im a r y - C r n t i s , s p i r i t s
1985
Euphorbia e s u l a L.
B . O t h e r - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
C.
F a m ilie s
30. I ood ( p l a n t / a n i m a l / o t h e r )
of ta r g e t h o s t / p r e y a t
31
R
eleased b y
( a f f ilia t o m l
32. REMARKS ( U s e A D
Maura J . Longden and Dav e L a n g e , G l a c i e r N a t i o n a l
D -IJ A f o r m o r e d c la d s )
i'a r k
33. REPORTED BY
A N,meMaura Longden
"
10 Aug 1985
Cage
81
WNO osia
0013 ICXP 2/26/>7|
US. Ucptiitmcin o
< Agrinilture
(*n f i l c i I
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD - NON Q U AR AN TIN E
S E C T IO N I -
a.
□
□
.
□
0.
U
IJ
=
IJ
R E P O R T O F M A T E R I A L R E L E A S E D O R S H IP P E D
I. FROM ( \ 'a m e A a d d r e t t o f S h i p p e r / H e le a te r )
2
. b e n e f i c i a l - A. Gen., Ip., $ub$p., auth.
R obert M. N o w l e r s k l
409 L. J o h n so n H a l l
Departm ent o f Entom ology
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
Bozeman, MT 597 17
H yles euphorbiae
3. SHIPPER/RCLE ASCII FILE NO.
Ite e i n a l r u c l i o n t )
(L .)
L S -B Z N -85-15,-37,& -38
O
. Order: Famity
« TYPE OF BENEFICIAL
L epldoptera:
Sph ln gld ae
C Deteimmed by ( N a m e a n d o f f ! T ia t io n T f Imoivri)-
R. M. N o w l e r s k l
* •* ■
r ru m w .5 . r ieio Loiiecuon
( C o lle c t e d f u r f i e l d t o f i e l d r v c o l o n i t a l i o n o r l a b v r a i o r y c u l t u r e )
.
. /r».
(XJ W
Eed feeder
C J PRedator
C J POIlinator
O Microbial
(K x p l a i n
M Iu r(J T ):
Q OTnor
„ . „ .
Pjrt 0. From Laboratory Culture
A n d /O r
SCOLLECTION LO CA Li T Vls| -StaI e. County, neareit Town
H f m o r e th a n 2 c o l l e c t i o n i i t c i , g iv e S la t e A C o u n t y o n l y )
(_) PAraiite
—~
• SOURCE FILE NOS.
M i l e s NE o f Bozeman,. G a l l a t i n C o u n ty ,
Montana
2
□
AD-942. AD-943: No
s
.
□
p4ft A
O Other:
10. COUNTAIES/AEGION/STATE OF ONICIN
D c l m o n t , S w i t z e r l a n d VIA B r a e s l d e , O n t a r i o
Can ada,
A l b a n y . C a l i f o r n i a , USA
6. OATES OF COLLECTION I m . d . y )
J u l y 15
16,
&
1985
&
H ORIGINAL COLLECTORS ( M a m e t
a n d a f f ilia t io n ! )
/. COLLECTORS ( M a m e t a n d
S.
J.
N o w l e r s k l , R. M.
H a r v e y , M .S .U.
•- U.s FIELD HOSTS/PRE V AT COLLECTION
A. G
enus, species
ID. Sta<|C/parl
I
attacked ( ie e
E u p h o rb ia e s u l a L.
I
18 J u l y 1985
22. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BV RECEIVER
[TJno
I IYes
E u p h o rb ia e s u l a L.
LV
is NO. &STAGCS SHiPPEOfuev c o l l e t o n r e v e r ie )
w
date shipped
J u l y 18,
fm .d .y )
1985
1# SPECIMENS RETAINED
BY SHIPPER
IjJ N°
Q Ves
nos.
21. RECEIVER'S REMARKS
iB. Emerged( H e n r f I c i a I i )
A l l Larvae seem t o have made th e 20 hour t r i p
[CM]
i n good s h a p e .
24. INTENDED l_A* MOST / PRl V -G
en., Sp.
Labcullure/Siudy
( c o m p l e t e U lk . 2-1)
Iu QReIease Intended
Ic ClNo ,0100» ImondId
c o d r t)
23. INTENDED use
Icontpltlt Sfct
1
Hand C a r r i e d
A.Olrnmediale release
nos.
D f II *
IB
. SIaqe/ parI
| attacked five
300 L , IV - V i n s t a r
V IA I
a STAGES / u t e
A. Rec’d. Alive
M
300 L
- F IO
□ F I l ' F50
R E P O R T O F S H IP M E N T
(M a m e A a d d re s s )
20. no .
fJFI
S chroder, D ., C .I.B .C
B i l l Dopp
F l a t h e a d County Weed C o n t r o l
800 S. Main
K a l l s p e l l , MT 59901
I*. DATE RECEIVED I m j l l V I
12 NO. LAO GENERATIONS ( A l t h i p p e r /
r e le a t e r I o c a h o n I
1
3 LABORATORY MOST/PREY
A. G
enus, species
LV
S E C T IO N I l -
14SHIPPEDTO
&
IW
S E C T IO N I I I — R E P O R T O F R E L E A S E /R E C O L O N IZ A T IO N (See i n a l r u c l i o n t o n c o v e r th e e I . u t e t ' o r n i A U 9 4 3 A f u r m o r e tie I o t l t I
H S Field
25. T y p e s o f re le a s e
D
Greenhouse
26 L o c a t io n s ( S t a t e , C o u n t y ,
n e a r e s t T o w n o r p h y s ic a l
fe a t u r e , m a p c o o r d in a t e s )
( U s e A D - 9 4 3 A f o r m o r e d r I a iU .
te e i n a l r u c l i o n t o n c o v e r t h e e ()
27 . N u m b e r & s ta g e s re le a s e d
U r 11J
( U t e c o d e s ; te e I n a l r u c l i o n t
f o r r e c o rd in g m u lt ip le
re le a s e I . )
D
Pasture
MT, F l a t h e a d
C ounty,
Kokanee Bend
H i o th e r:
C
age
CTj Field
D
G
reenhouse
(Tl Cage
CTl Field
LJ G
reenhouse
D
CD Other:
Iio J
300 L, IV-V i n s t a r
28. D a te s o f re le a s e s I m . d . y )
(S e c i n a l r u c l i o n t f o r
r e c o r d in g m u l t i p l e
re le a s e s .)
19 J u l y 1985
29. T a r g e t h o s t s / p r e y a t re le a s e
A . P r im a r y B. O th e r -
Genus, species
Euphorbia e s u l a L.
Genus, species
C . F a m ilie s
30. f o o d ( p l a n t / a n i m a l / o t h e r )
o f ta rg e t h o s t / p r e y a t
31
R e le a s e d b y
^ a H U ia ti o n )
32. REMARKS
( I 's c A l f ■9 4 J A
E uphorbia e s u l a L.
B i l l Dopp
f o r m o r e d e t a ils I
A l l l a r v a e were i n goo d c o n d i t i o n .
33. REPORTED DY
A. N.tne B i ] 1
Qopp
B. IialefmxLyJ
19 J u l y
1985
C
age
82
n&l# -O
O
l 3|I X
»' 2/2«
14 MNAE OertnMIHA-MON -Gen, sp.. iubip.. autn.
five f t i n I
US. Department ol Agriculture
□
□
..
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD - NON Q U AR A N TIN E
».
□
□
.
.
□
□
SECTION I - REPORT O
F MATERIAL RELEASED O
R SHIPPED
I. FROM ( N a m e A a t l d r c n o f S h ip p e r / H e l c u t v r )
2
. BENEFICIAL - A. G
en., sp., Iubip., 4Ulh.
R o b ert M. N o w i e r s k i
409 L. J o h n so n H a l l
D ep artm ent o f Entom ology
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
Bozeman, MT 597 1 7
H y Ie s e u p l i o r b i a e
I. SHIPPER/RCEE ASER FILE NO.
f ir r i n i t r u c l i o n i )
(L .)
LS-BZN-85-021
O
. Order : Family
4 TYPE OF BENEFICIAL
L epid op tera:
Q
S p h in gid ae
C Determined by ( F la m e a n d a f f i T ia t i o n T f I t n u w n )
DO WFed feeder
PAiaiile
(_J PRedator
Q Microbial
~
( | POiIinator
Q
OThor
I h '.t p l a i n
M lu r U T ):
R. M. N o w i e r s k i
A. Fiom US. Field Coilcciion
{ C o l l e c l e i l f u r f i e l t l I o f i e l d n - r n l o n u a l i o n o r l a b o r a lt » r y c u l t u r e )
Pait 0. From Laboratory Cultuio
S COLLECTION LOCALITV(S) Slate. County, neareit Town
( I f m u r e th a n 2 c o l l e c t i o n t i l C l, g le e S t a le A C o u n t y o n l y )
e. SOURCE FILE NOS
Q AO-942, AD-943: No*.
2 M i l e s NE o f Bozeman, G a l l a t i n C o u n ty ,
Montana
Q Part A
Q Other:
10. CO UN TRIES/REG I ON/ST A TC OT ORIGIN
D e l m o n t , S w i t z e r l a n d VIA B r a e s l d e , O n t a r i o
C a n a d a & A l b a n y . C a l i f o r n i a . USA
b DATES OF COLLECTION ( m . d . y )
7
. COLLECTORS ( N a m e i a n d
J.
N o w i e r s k i , R. M.
H a rv ey , M .S .U.
e
. u.s f ie l d HOSTS/PREv AT c o l l e c t io n
A. Genus, species
T
b Siaqe/part
^
atUcked fire
J u l y 15 & 1 6 , 1985
S.
E u p h o rb ia e s u l a L.
I
&
,
II. ORIGINAL COLLECTORS f.VuMIV
l
a n d a f f ih o t io n i)
Schroder,
1
2 NO. LAO GENERATIONS f/I f l l t l p p e r /
n Ivwvr I o c a l i n n l
□ F I - F IO
C .l.B .C
D .,
D f O
I *
H f II-f O
O
•1 LABORATORY HOSr/PHCV
A. Genu*, species
LV
lU. SUqC/part
j
atUcked fee#
E u p h o rb ia e s u l a L.
*
LV
SECTION Il - REPORT O
F SHIPMENT
IS. NO. » STAGES SHIPPEDfuiO curlfi on r e v e r t * )
1
4
. SHIPPED TO ( N a m e A o d d r e u )
U. S . F o r e s t S e r v i c e
91 N. F r o n ta g e Road
D eer L o d g e , MT 597 2 2
^
100 I.. I l l
M. DATE SHIPPED Im.ii.yf
6, IV i n s t a r
Ju ly
Hand C a r r i e d
18 J u l y 1985
E No
C l ve,_
20. NO. * STAGES Iuie c o d e t I
A. Rac'd. Alive
8. Em
erged ( B r n e f i c I a h )
Ce1C
22 SPECIMENS RETAINED
BV RECEIVER
100
L
S" <
A l l but two s u r v i v e d .
98 OK.
24. INTENDED UAB HOST / PHEV -Gen^ I,
LabCult ure/»t udy
( c o m p l e t e B l k 2-1)
A.(XlImmediate reieive
I ' - " " 1' "
21. RECEIVER'S REMARKS
(E1
I)
Z* INTENDED USE
□ Vc*_
1985
□ No
E r r o l Hammond_______
VIA:
I t . DATE RECEIVED I m j t . y )
18,
I u Q R e ie a ie Intended
" "
c Q no
Intended
SECTIONIII —
REPORT OF RELEASE / RECOLONIZATlON (See i n t l r u c l l o n i on c n v e r t h e e l ; uie t - o m i A U V 4 J A f o r m o r e U e l a t l i l
Hd Field
(I] Other:
25. Types of release
2
6
. Locations (Slate, County,
nearest Town or physical
feature, m
apcoordinates)
(V » e A D - 9 4 3 A f o r m o r e d e t a il * .
iw i n s t r u c t i o n ! o n c o v e r i h e e l )
27. Number & stagesreleased
H J ie c o d e t , i e c I n i t r u c l i o n i
f o r r e c o rd in g m u lt ip le
r e le a s e i.)
D Gieennouie
D Caqe (Z) Field
□ Other:
m Greenhouse
(T l
C
aqe
Cl IrIeId
fJ Greenhouse
LU Caqv
LJ Other .
M on tana, Deer Lodge Coui c y ,
L ost Creek,
Rl IW, T5N, S e c . 1 4 , NENl f
LWJ
100 L , I I I
Itoi]
&
IV i n s t a r
li-'J
28. Dates ol releases fm.d.yf
(S e e i n i l r u r l i o n i f o r
r e c o r d in g m u l t i p l e
r e le a ie i.)
19 J u l y 1985
29. Target hosts/prey at release
A. Primary 8. Other -
Genus, species
E u p h orb ia e s u l a L.
Genus, species
C . Fam
ilics
30. f ood (plant/ammal/othcr)
of target host/prey at
3
1
. R
eleased by
^ a f f ilia t io n )
32 REMARKS f Die A l )
Wm. B a u m g a rtn e r, U . S . F . i
94 J A fo r m o re d c t a ili)
.
33 REPORTED BY
a
Nam
e ^ nii
B. DaleI m M . y I
Baumgartner
83
OMBNO ns I # POI 3 (C XP 2/2«'B/|
14 MNAL. OCTCNMI NAT ION - Gen, ip.. LUDIP.. 4Uth.
I t c e f t le t I
US. Duiwitmcni ol Agriculture
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD - NON Q U AR A N TIN E
..
□
□
.
».
U
□
D
□
□
SECTION I - REPORT O
F MATERIAL RELEASED O
R SHIPPED
I. FROM ( N a m e A a d d r e s s o f S h l i i / i e r / H e le a s e r )
R o b ert M. N o w i e r s k i
409 L. J o h n so n H a l l
D ep artm ent o f Entom ology
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
Bozeman, MT 597 1 7
I. SMIPFLR/RCLE AStN FILE NO.
lubSP., 4 U lll.
H yles euphorblae ( L . )
2 BENEFICIAL - A. GCfi., Ip.,
Ite e i n s t r u c t i o n s )
LS- BZN-85-024
U. Order Family
4. TYPE OF BENEFICIAL
L epldoptera:
LJ PArasite
I I PRedator
**
Cl Microbial
Sph ln gld ae
C. Determined by ( N a m e a n d a f f i l i a t i o n i f l t n o u ‘ n ) ~ '
i-a n
. I I U in u . 3 . f i c i u v o i i c c i i o n
( C o lle c t e d f o r f i e l d t o f i t f l t l r c c o l o n u o t i o n o r l a b u r a l u r y c u l t u r e )
feeder
Q
OTlier
I f x p la in
M Io rQ T ).
R. M. N o w i e r s k i
,
4,1 B
- F'om Laboratory Culture
^
3. COLLECTION LOC A L IT Y (SI Stale, County, nearest Town
( l f m o r c th a n 2 c o l l e c t i o n s tie s , g iv e S t a le A C o u n t y o n l y )
(XJ Wfed
| | POlImator
». SOURCE FILE NOS.
M i l e s NE o f Bozeman , G a l l a t i n C o u n t y ,
Montana
2
□
AO-942, AO-943: Nos.
□
PaM A
LJother.
IO- CO UN TR I ES/REGION/ST A TE OF ORIGIN
D e l m o n t , S w i t z e r l a n d VIA B r a e s i d e , O n t a r i o
C a n a d a , & A l b a n y , C a l i f o r n i a . USA
6. OATES OF COLLECTION frn.d.Yl
J u l y 15
&
16,
N o w l e r s k i , R. M.
S . J . H a r v e y , M .S .U.
1985
B U S. FIELD HOSTS/PREY AT COLLECTION
A. Genus, species
II. ORIGINAL COLLECTORS ( N a m e s
a n d a f f ilia t io n s )
&
lO. Slaqe/part
j
attacked feee
E u p h o rb ia e s u l a L.
I
12. NO. LAB GENERATIONS ( A t s h i p p e r /
r e Ie u s e r l o c a t i o n I
Schroder, D ., C .l.B .C
□
FI
□
F I I - f IO
13. LABORATORY HOST/PREY
A. Genus, species
I,v
1
IS. NO. A STAGES SMiPPEOfuei" c o d e s o n r e v e rs e )
LeuJ
18 J u l y 1985
23. INTENDED USE
nos.
GG ho
F I Yes
24. INTENDED LAB HOST / PREY -Gen., SP.
L Jb CU lt lire / Si tidy
( c o m p l e t e I l l h 2-1)
I y QRelease Intended
,oomp/elo S e c t, t i l l
,nl.ndoo
SECTION III —
REPORTOF RELEASE/ REC
OLONIZATION IS e e i n t l r u c l i o n t o n c o v e r t h e n . u«v f o r m
H
SField
25. Types of release
Q G
ieenhouse
□ C
age
□ Fleld^
□ Greenhouse
□ other:
26. Locations (State, County,
nearest Townor physical
feature, m
apcoordinates)
( t ' s r A D - 9 4 3 A f o r m o r e d e t a ils ,
see in s tr u c tio n s o n c o v e r s h e e t)
27. Number & stagesreleased
(U s e c o d e s ; see i n s t r u c t i o n s
f o r r e c o rd in g m u lt ip le
re le a s e s .)
nos.
21 RECEIVER S REMARKS
I [E ,tj
100 L
A .BUlrnmediale release
Yes
18, 1985
ie. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BY SHIPPER
Hand C a r r i e d
20. NO » STAGES (u«e c o d e s )
A. Ree d. Alive
113. Emerged ( B e n c fIc I a Is )
Ces O
□ No
□
17. SHIPPER S REMARKS
59330
*4. DATE SHIPPED ( m . d .y )
Ju ly
100 L
D. A F in nicum
Dawson County Weed D i s t r i c t
207 W. B e l l
22 SPECIMENS RETAINED
BY RECEIVER
LV
REPORT O
F SHIPMENT
14. SHIPPED TO ( N a m e A a d i t n ss)
IS. DATE RECEIVED (m .d ,y >
D f II *
IB. Slaqe/part
| attacked (s e e
E u p h o rb ia e s u l a L.
SECTION Il
J i k B M ' " ' MT
- F IO
ID C
age
A D D - I J A f o r m o r e d e t a ih l
□ field
□
□ G
reenhouse
□ C
age
Other:
M on tana, Dawson C o . ,
9 m ile s S of C len d iv e,
MT, NENW, S e c . 2 0 , T U N , R55E
fruj
IEsf)
100 L , I I l - V
It .ij
in star
28. Dates of releases ( m . d . y )
(S e c i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r
r e c o rd in g m u lt ip le
re le a s e s . I
19 J u l y 1985
29. Target hosts/prey at release
A. Primary - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
_ EupjjojrhiA-BJjiLl
8. Other - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
C
. Fam
ities
30. I ood (plant/ammal/othcr)
It
of target host/prey at
E u p h orb ia e s u l a L.
R
eleased by
Dave F in n i c u m . Dawson
a/YdfaRnnf
32. REMARKS ( U s e A D
Ct .
Weed.
D ist.
,J 4 3 A f o r m o r e d e ta ils )
Larva e were i n v e r y goo d c o n d i t l o n a t th e tim e o f r e l e a s e .
33 REPORTED BY
a .Nam
e [)e A . Fin nlcu m
B. DdteffM1
J.y# 19 Aug 1985
84
OMBNO O il ■ -OOI 3 I r x e 2/28/871
J4 MNAL oe TCRMI NATION-Gen, ip., iubip.. auln.
M NC !se e file s )
US. Dupuilmeni of Agncullure
□ □ . n
U D „ □
*.
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD - NON Q U AR ANTIN E
».
SECTION I - REPOHT O
F MATERIAL RELEASED O
R SHIPPED
I. FROM ( N a m e A a i l d r c t i o f S h i / i p c r / ll e l e u s c r I
2. BCN EFICIA I. • A.Gcn., $p., IublU., aulh.
R o b ert M. N o w l e r s k i
4 09 L. J o h n so n H a l l
Dep a rtm ent o f E ntom ology
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
Bozeman, MT 5971 7
H yles euphorblae
B. O lder: Family
(L .)
LS-BZN-85-032
— ~~
L epld op tera:
4. TVFE OF BENEFICIAL
S p h in gid ae
0
Pail A. From U S. Field Collection
( C o l le c l e d f o r f i c h l t o f i e l d r e c o lo n i s a t i o n o r l a b o r a t o r y c u l t u r e )
And/Or
K l VVEed feeder
I I POIlInalor
□
OThor
1 K x p lo in
M lo r U T ! :
R. M. N o w i e r s k i
S.COLLECTION LOC a Cl T v|S| • SI ale. County, neareit Town
( I f m o r e th a n 2 c o l l e c t i o n s ite s , g lu e S t a te A C o u n t y o n l y )
PAraiite
Q PRedaior
Cl Microbial
C Determined by ( N a m e a n d ^ f / f i a t l o n T f l t n o w n ) ~
Part B. From Laboratory Culture
e. SOURCE FILE NOS.
M i l e s NE o f Bozeman , G a l l a t i n C o u n t y ,
Montana
2
□
AU 942, AO-943: Noi.
□
P *H A
Q l Ollier:
10. COUNTNIES/HCGION/STATC OK ORIGIN
D e l m o n t , S w i t z e r l a n d VIA B r a e s i d e , O n t a r i o
C a n a d a , & A l b a n y , C a l i f o r n i a . USA
6. OATES OF COLLECTION ( m . d . y )
I COLLECTORS ( N a m e s a n d
a f f ilia t io n s )
J u l y 15 & 1 6 ,
1985
S. J .
N o w l e r s k i , R. M.
H a r v e y , M .S .U.
• • U S FIELD HOSTS/FREY AT COLLECTION
A. Genui, ipeciei
&
I
12 NO LAO GENERATIONS ( A l s h i p p e r /
re le a s e r I o c a l i o n l
nF
S chroder, D ., C .I.B .C
I
-
n F«' •
f >0
IZI f M - f IO
IB. Stage/parl
I
al tracked (see
E u p h o rb ia e s u l a L.
II. ORIGINAL COLLECTORS ( N a m e s
a n d a f f ilia t io n s )
13 LABORATORY HOST/FREV
A. Genui, species
LV
IB. Si aqe / par I
^ attacked (see
E u p h orb ia e s u l a L.
1
LV
SECTION Il - REPORT O
F SHIPMENT
IS. NO. &STAGES SHiFFCOfusv c o d e s o n r e v e rs e )
14. SHIPPED TO ( N a m e A a d d r e s s )
Duane H a l v e r s o n
Box 35
P e n d r o y , MT 594 67
M
DATE SHIPPED ( m . d . y )
100 L
J u ly 18,
17. SHIPPER S REMARKS
1985
11. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BY SHIPPER
Hand C a r r i e d
□
No
D V
es
VIA :
1
»
. DATE RECEIVED fm
A.W 20. NO. &STAGES (u s e c o d e •>
A. R
ee d. Alive
8. Em
erged ( H e n c f ic I a h )
18 J u l y 1985
LuQ 25 L
Em]
2
3
. INTENDED USE
BY RECEIVER
Q no
nos.
24. INTENDED LAB HOST / PMEV -G
en., SO
.
Lab culture/ i l udy
( c o m p le te f llh . 2 4 )
A .CxJlm
m
edlate release
I IY
es
nos.
21. RECEIVER S RlM AR KS
(compl,„ S t c l " "
I u QjReieaseIntended
Ic ClNo IO
I11MInlond1IJ
SECTION III —
REPORT OF RELEASE/ RECOLONIZATION Ib e e i n s t r u c t i o n s o n c o e e r s h e e t , u se t - n r m A l ) 94JA f o r m o r e d e l m is I
(XI Field
25. Types of release
Q] G
reenhouse
Q) C
age
I~1Field
(Tl Greenhouse
LI C
age
D
Field
Cl Greenhouse
Ql Cage
m Other:
26. Locaiions (Slate, County,
nearest Townor physical
feature, m
apcoordinates)
( U s e A D - 9 4 3 A f o r m o r e d e ta ils ,
see i n s t r u c t i o n s o n c o v e r s h e e t )
27. Number & stagesreleased
(U s e c o d e s ; see i n s t r u c t i o n s
f o r r e c o rd in g m u lt ip le
re le a s e s .)
MonLana, T e to n C o . ,
Pendroy o r Bynum
T 2 7 , R6W, S e c . 33
IeuJ
lest]
(ttij
25 L
28. Dales ol releases ( m . d . y )
(S e e i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r
r e c o r d in g m u l t i p l e
re le a s e s I
18 J u l y 1985
29. Target hosts/prey at release
A. Primary B
. Other -
Ccntis. species
Euphorbia e s u l a
L.
Genus, species
C
. Fam
ilies
30. FooU (planl/animal/other)
of target host/prey at
31. R
eleased by
i O f f ^ ia U o n )
32. REMARKS ( U s e A l )
Duane H a l v e r s o n
9 4 J A f o r m o r e d e t a ils )
33. REPORTED B Y
AName0uane
HalVCTSOn
B. Dale( m . d . y )
24 J u l y
1985
85
OMBNO 0*t»
J4 MN AL. OCleRMINAMON -Gen, tp.. subip.. auto.
0QI3 | r x p
j/2«/«7|
Ite e f ile t )
US. Department of Agriculture
□
□
..
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD - NON Q U AR ANTIN E
D
.
□
□
.
b
□
□
SECTION I - REPORT O
F MATERIAL RELEASED O
R SHIPPED
I. FROM f/Vam
t' A tu tU r c t t o f S h i p p e r / R e le u te r )
2
. BENEFICIAL -A. Gen., ip., subsp., auth.
R o b ert M. N o w i e r s k i
409 L. J o h n so n H a l l
D epartm ent o f E ntom ology
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
Bozeman, MT 5971 7
(«1
H yles euphorbiae ( L . )
O
. Order: Kemily
LS-BZN-85 - 0 3 3
—— ———
L epid op tera:
4 TYPE OF BENEFICIAL
Sph in gid ac
□
And/Or
□
OThor
I H x p la in
M I o r O T ):
R. M. N o w i e r s k i
Parl A. From U S
. Field Collection
( C o lle c t e d f o r f i e l d I o f i e l d r r c o l n n i t a l l o n o r U i b o r u lo r y c u l t u r e )
tx] WEed feeder
I_I POIIinaior
PArasite
[,,'I PRedalor
I_I Microbial
CO
elermined by ( R a tn c a n d o f fiF ta h n n i f I t t i o w n ) - '
3.COLLECTION LOCALiTV(S)-Statcl County, nearest Town
( I f m o r e th a n 2 c o l l e c t i o n t i l c t , g iv e S l a lc A C o u n t y o n l y )
3. SHIPPER / RCLE ASER FILE NO
I te c i m l r u c l i o n i )
Pari U
. From Laboratory Culture
• . SOURCE FILE NOS.
M i l e s NE o f Bozeman, G a l l a t i n C o u n ty ,
Montana
2
□
AO-942, AD-943: Nos.
□
Part A
Q Other:
10. COUNTS ICSy RECION/ST A TE OF ORIGIN
D e l m o n t , S w i t z e r l a n d VIA B r a e s l d e , O n t a r i o
Canada.
A l b a n y , C a l i f o r n i a , USA
6. OATES OF COLLECTION ( m . d . y )
J u l y 15
16,
&
&
II. ORIGINAL COLLECTORS I N u m e t
a n d a t f ilia liu n i)
I COLLECTORS I N a m e i a n d
N o w i e r s k i , R. M.
S . J . H a r v e y , M .S .U.
1985
•. U S. FIELD HOSTS/PRE V AT COLLECTION
A. Genus, species
&
IB. Slaqe/part
I
attacked ( te e
E u p h orb ia e s u l a L.
I
LV
1
2
. NO. LAU GENERATIONS I A I i h i p p e r /
r e le a t e r l o c u t i o n )
S chroder, D ., C .I.B .C
□
FI
□
F H - F SO
- F I0
13. LABORATORY HOST / PREY
A. Genus, species
Q f SI *
IB. Si aqe/ par I
|
atUcked ( te e
E u p h orb ia e s u l a L.
1
LV
SECTION Il - REPORT O
F SHIPMENT
IS NO. &STAGES SHlPPEOfuav c a d e t o n r e v e r ie )
14. SHIPPED TO ( N a m e A a d d r e t t )
G era ld Wendt
1209 E. 5 t h S t r e e t
Anacon da, MT 5 9 7 1 1
^ 11"1 100 L
te DATE SHIPPED ( m . d . y )
J u ly 18,
17. SHIPPER 'SREMARKS
Hand C a r r i e d
□
No
Tl V
es
VIA s
I*. DATE RECEIVED
20. no . a
. stages ( u t e c o d e
A. Rac’d. Alive
8. Em
erged ( R e n e f ic I a h )
Cu Vl
18 J u l y 1985
22. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BY RECEIVER
100 L
I IV
es
nos.
! c o m p l e t e S e e l. I l l l
nos.
21 RECEIVER S REMARKS
fes«J
Zl inten d ed use
A.Olmmediate release
Q no
1985
ia. SPECIMENS nrTAINED
BY SHIPPER
Labculture/study
(c o m p le te IW i. 2 4 )
24. INTENDED LA* HOST / P
W
T
Y i_en.. Sb.
I n QRelease Intended
Jf.
ln,.nd«„
SECTION III —
REPORTOF RELEASE/ R
ECOLONIZATlON (S ee i n i l r u c h o n t o n c o v e r t h e e i . u t e h a r m A U 9 4 J A f o r m o r e Ue l a i l t )
25. Types of release
2
6
. Locations (State, County,
nearest Town or physical
feature, m
apcoordinates)
(U te A D - 9 4 3 A fo r m o re d e la ilt;
te e i n i l r u c t i o m o n c o v e r t h e e I )
27. Num
ber & stagesreleased
O Field
D Greenhouse D Cage Cl Field
[3 Other:
D Other:
M on tana, Deer Lodge C o . ,
S e c . 3 0 , T4N, R10W,
n ea r An aconda.
LtiQ
D
G
reenhouse
O
C
age
I l Mr!*.
D
G
reenhouse
ItiQ
( U t e codes, te c I n i t r u c l i o n i
f o r r e c o rd in g m u lt ip le
r e l e a t e i. )
100 L
28. Dates of releases I m . d . y )
(S e e i n i l r u c t i o m f o r
r e c o r d in g m u l t i p l e
r e le a t e i. )
18 J u l y 1985
29. Target hosts/prey at release
A. Primary - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
B
. Other - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
C . r am
ilics
3
0
. I ood (plant/animal/other)
of target host/prey at
31 Ki'Ieased by
^ M ilio tio n )
32. REMARKS l U t c A l )
G era ld Wendt
9 ) J A f u r m u r e d e la ilt )
33 REPORTED BY
a .Nam
e
G era ld Wendt
U
. Date(m.d.y)
LJ Cage
86
OMB NO OSH -POI 3 (C. XP 2/2»/# 7|
34 FINAL OCTtRMINAT ION -Gen, SP.. SUbSp.. auth.
lic e f l i r t )
US Dcpuitmcnt of Agnculmrr
a.
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD - NON Q U AR A N TIN E
□
□
»•
□
□
□
.
b □
SECTION I - REPORT O
F MATERIAL RELEASED OR SHIPPED
I. FROM ( N a m v & a t l d r c n o f S h l p p c r / I l v l e a i v r )
2
. UENC FICIAU •A. Gen., S
P
., $ubip., aulh.
R o b ert M. N o w i e r s k i
409 L. J o h n so n H a l l
D ep artm ent o f Entom ology
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
Bozeman, MT 597 17
H yles euphorbiae
B. Older: Family
— — —— —
L epid op tera:
I. SHIPPER / RCUL ASLH FIUE NO.
lic e in it r u c t io n i)
(I.)
LS-BZ N-85-034
_ _ _
4. TYPE OF BENEFICIAL
CD PArastte
Sph in gid ae
And/Of
s. c o l l e c t io n LOC A l i t V|s| - S ta te . County. nearest Io ...!
( I f m o r e th a n 2 c o l l e c t i o n i i t c i , g le e S la t e S C o u n t y o n l y )
NE o f
Bozem an,
G a lla tin
Part U F r o m Laboratory Culture
e. s o u r c e f il e n o s .
CDAD 942. AO-943: Nos.
CDP«'t A □ Other.
C ounty,
10. c o u n t r ie s / r e g io n / s t a t l of o r ig in
D elm o n t, S w itz e r la n d
6 OATES OF COLLECTION ( m . d . y )
J u ly
CD POllinator
CD OTher
CD
Microbial
I H x p la tn
M lo r U T l:
R. M. N o w i e r s k i
Part A. F r o m US. Field Collection
IC o I Ie e Ie U f o r f i e l d I o f i e l d r v c o l o n i i a t i o n o r la b o r a t o r y c u l t u r e )
2 M ile s
M ontana
Dd V
V
Fed feeder
. O PRedator
C Determined by f f t a i n r a n d a f fiU a tT n n T / h m t w n ) “
15
&
16,
1985
collectors
S.
J.
IN a m e i a n d
N o w i e r s k i , R.
H a r v e y , M .S .U .
a US. FIELD HOSTS/PRE V AT COLLECTION
A. Genus, species
E u p h orb ia
4
IB. St .KlC/ pa 11
I
attacked fare
L.
e su la
M.
I
C anada, & A lb a n y . C a
11. ORIGINAL COLLECTORS I N a m v i
a n d a f f ih a lio n t )
Schroder,
D .,
VIA B r a e s i d e , O n t a r i o
l i f o r n i a . USA
12. NO LAU GENt RATIONS ( A l t l t i p p e r /
r v lc a i e r I o c a l i o n l
C .I.B .C
□
r I
□
F . . - F >o
- F I.
13 LABORATORY HOST/PHtV
A. Genus, species
LV
E u p h orb ia
esu la
Q f SI *
IB. Sta<ie/ part
|
attacked far#
L.
1
LV
SECTION Il - REPORT O
F SHIPMENT
IS. NO. * STAGES SHiPPEO/uer c o d e i o n r e v e r ie )
14. SHIPPED TO ( N a m e £ a d d r e u )
Don B e r r y
B e r r y Ranch
H. C. 5 8 B o x 18
B a l n v i l l e , MT 5 9 2 1 2
100
19 J u l y
1985
22. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BV RECEIVER
CDn o
8 Lmerged ( B e n c f I c I a I i )
Qcifl
Ust]
100
L
23. INTtNOtO USE
nos.
CD
Ha nd C a r r i e d
20. NO. A STAGES fU«F c o d e
A. Rec'd. Alive
18,
1985
I t u m p l t l e I i t t I. , I l l
ID |
jc
No
F I ves
, nos.
21 RECEIVER'S REMARKS
24. INTtNOCO LAB HOST / PREV -Geri., Sp.
Lab culture/study
I c o m p l e l e D IM . 2-1)
A. [D4lmmediate release
C D ves
J u ly
It. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BV SHIPPER
VIA I
It. DATE RECEIVED fm/f.?/
N. DATE SHIPPED ! m . d . y )
L
[Release Intended
lolina, 0
Q no
SECTION III —
REPORT OF RELEASE/ RECOLONIZATION (S e e i n i l r u c h n n t o n c o v e r ih e v t . u i e F o r m A l ) V-IJA f o r m o r e d e t a i l i )
25. Types of release
2
6
. Locations (Stale, County,
nearest Town or physical
feature, m
apcoordinates)
I U i f A D - 9 4 3 A f o r m o re d e t a ili.
te e i n i t r u c l i o n i o n c o v e r i h e e l )
27. Number & stagesreleased
I U i c c o d e i ; te e I n i t r u c l i o n i
f o r r e c o rd in g m u lt ip le
r e le a ie i.)
be) Field
CD Giecnhouse
CD Cage □
Meld
CD Greenhouse
CD Caue CD Field
CD Greenhouse
CD Cage
C D o th e r:
M on tana, R o o s e v e l t C o . ,
Snowden, S E l / 4 , SWl/ 4 ,
S e c . 3 5 , T27N, R59E
Iffl
B ifl
Iffl
100 L
28. Dates of releases ( m . d . y )
(S e c I n i l r u c l i o n i f o r
r e c o r d in g m u l t i p l e
2
9
. T a r g e t h o s l s / p r e y a t re le a s e
A. P r im a r y 8. Other -
Ccnus. species
19 J u l y 1985
Euphorbia e s u l a L.
Genus, species
C
. Tam
ilies
30. f ood ( p l a n t / a n i m a l / o t h c r )
of t a r g e t h o s t / p r e y a t
3
1
-R
eleased by
f a f f7 ia U o n )
Susa n B erry
32. REMARKS I U iC A l ) ■1
J - IJ A f o r m o r e d e t a il! )
Moth a p p e a r s t o have e s t a b l i s h e d on h o s t
Don Be r r y
H
. Dalefmxf vt
23 J u l y 1985
87
O M U N O 0 51#
34 F IN A L . OSTKRMi Na t i o n - Gen, so., iubip.. autn.
001 I ( E X P
2 /2»/#7|
( ir e fd e il
US. Dupuilmenl of Agriculture
.
O Cl
u a
K.
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD - NON Q U AR A N TIN E
...
D
B □
SECTION I - REPORT O
F MATERIAL RELEASED O
R SHIPPED
I. FROM ( N a m e Ji a tI i i m t t o f S h i p p e r / H e le a te r )
aB K N k F ie iA U
R o b ert M. N o w l e r s k i
409 L. J o h n so n H a l l
D ep a rtm e nt o f E n tom ology
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
Bozeman, MT 5971 7
- A . G e n . , N i.. SUbID ., a u l h .
3 SHIPPLR z nr LX ASLR FILE NO.
( ic e i n i t r u c l i u n i )
g
H yles eu p h orb ias ( L . )
L S -B Z N -H 5 -0 3 6
H. Older : Family
4
L epid op tera:
S p h in gid ae
-
C. Dclernnned by ( N a m e a n d a f fH ia tT o n T f IrmntTrU
And/Of
!.COLLECTION LO CA LIT Y ($1 - State, County, neareil Town
H f m o m Ih a n 2 c o l l e c t i o n i i t c i , g iv e S t a le A C o u n t y o n l y )
D
PAraille
(fl
Q]
PRedalor
Q
POIIlnaIor
L)
OTnor
L I Microbial
( H x p la m
R. M. N o w i e r s k i
Perl A. From U S. Field Collecllon
( C o l le c t e d f o r f i e l d I n f i e l d r c c o l n n U u t i o n o r I n b u r a l o r y c u l t u r e )
T Y P E OF BENEFICIAL
WEed feeder
M I o r O T ):
P
»M0. From Labor,Uory Culture
». SOURCE FILE NOS.
M i l e s NE o f Bozeman, G a l l a t i n C o u n ty ,
Montana
2
□
AD-942. AO-943: Noi.
□
Part A
L I Other:
IO COUN TRIES/ACCION/STA TE OF ORIGIN
D e l m o n t , S w i t z e r l a n d VIA B r a e s i d e 1 O n t a r i o
C a n a d a , 4 A l b a n y . C a l i f o r n i a . USA
6. OATES OF COLLECTION I m l IC y )
J u l y 15 & 1 6 ,
/ COLLECTORS f/V.iirin a n d
N o w i e r s k l , R. M. 4
S . J . H a r v e y , M .S .U .
1985
s. U.S. FIELD HOSTS/PRE V AT COLLECTION
A. Genus, species
IB . Stage/part
I
attacked ( ie e
c o d e i)
E u p h orb ia e s u l a L.
I
Il ORIGINAL COLLECTORS ( N a m c i
a n d o f f llia lio n i)
12. NO. LAlI GENERATIONS ( A l l h i p p e r /
rv (c u te r lo c a tio n )
□
Schrod er, D ., C .I.B .C
*
Q f SI *
D f M - f SO
13- LABORATORY host / PRLV
A. Genus, species
LV
Hi. Stage/ part
|
at Ucked face
E u p h o rb ia e s u l a L.
1
LV
SECTION Il - REPORT OF SHIPMENT
is NO. & stages SHiPPEOfu*,' c o d e t o n r e e e r te )
14 S H I P P E D T O ( N a m e A a d d r v u )
Hank M cN e el, A g ro n o m ist
Bureau o f Land Management, MCDO
P .O . Box 940
M i l e s C i t y , MT 59301
V IA
J u l y 18,
17. SHIPPER S REMARKS
Hand C a r r i e d
19 J u l y 1985
20. NO. & STAGES ( U ie c o d a )
A. Rec'd. Alive
B Emerged ( B e n c f i c ( a l i )
B *0
2a. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BY RECEIVER
nos.
DO F ie ld
j
c
Q
Ves
nos.
no
G ie e n h o u s e
D
D
L I O th e r:
26. Locations (State, County,
nearest Town or physical
feature, m
apcoordinates)
(V n c A D - 9 4 3 A f o r m o re d c lu iD .
te e i n s t r u c t i o n ! o n c o v e r s h e e t)
( U s e c o d e t ; te c I n t t r u c l i o n i
f o r r e c o rd in g m u lt ip le
re le a s e s .)
No
D
24 INTENDED LAB HOST / PREY Gen, Sp.
Lab cullu r c / st udy
( c o m p l e t e D lh 2-1)
l c u r . p l . , . S e e l. I l l l
25. Types of release
27. Num
ber & stagesreleased
D
21. RECEIVER'S REMARKS
(L it]
Z3. INTENDED USE
0NO
ves
1985
IS SPECIMENS RETAINED
BY SHIPPER
:
IS. DATE RECEIVED ( m j i . y )
D
*4 DATE SHIPPED ( n i . J . y )
100 L
Cage
D
F ie ld
D
O th e r:
Montana, C u s te r C o . ,
K n o w l t o n , T 6 N , R53 E ,
S e c . 2 , S I / 2 , S E 1 / 4 , SWi / 4 ,
D
G ree n h o u se
L J Cage
F ie ld
D
O th e r:
D
G ree n h o u se
D
SEl/2 .
Lu,]
IUtJ
D
|U 'J
9H L
28. Dates of releases I m . U . y )
(S e e i n t l r u c l i o n s f o r
r e c o r d in g m u l t i p l e
re le a s e s . I
29. Targct hosts/prey at release
A. Primary - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
19 J u l y
1985
Euphorb ia
esula
L.
B. Other - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
C . Fam
ilies
30. I ood (plant/animal/other)
of target host/prey at
3
1
. R
eleased by
u/Y
ZhaR
nnZ
Hank M c N e e l ,
BLM
f
n
,
Re l e a s e i n F le m in g R e s e r v o i r W i l d l i f e
Number o f g r a s s h o p p e r s p r e s e n t .
F en ce down, c a t t l e i n
r e m a r k s , U . r A IJ O i A
E x c lo su re.
exclosu re.
>
33 REPONTFO BY
B. DJtte(m jd.y)
Cage
88
34 MNAL DCTERMlNATlON-Gen^ Sp., SUbSP.. auth.
M NC
US. Department of Agriculture
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD - NON Q U AR A N TIN E
..
□
□
»
U □
( te e f i l e t !
. □
0n
SECTION I - REPORT OF MATERIAL RELEASED O
R SHIPPED
2
. BENEFICIAL -A. G
en., sp., iubsp., aulti.
I. FROM ( N a m e A a d d r c t i u f S h i p p e r / t i v l e u u 'r )
R o b ert M. N o w i e r s k i
409 L. J o h n s o n H a l l
D ep artm ent o f E ntom ology
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
Bozeman, MT 5 9 717
H yles euphorblae
0. Order : Family
3. SHlPPf H / RCLE ASlER ULC NO.
I ir r i i u l r u c l t o n t )
(L .)
LS-BZ N-85-03 9
——
L epid op tera:
—
4. TYPE OF BENEFICIAL
Sph in gld ae
□
C
. Determined by ( N a tn e a n d a f f i U a t i o n T f k n o w n ) """
_
Part A. From U S
. Field Collection
( C o lle c t e d f o r f i e l d I n f i e l d r e c o l t n i i t o l l o n o r I a h o r o l o r y c u l t u r e )
M iles
Montana
NE o f
2
Bozeman,
G allatin
And/Or
II
□
Other
Part 0. From Laboratory Culture
• . SOURCE FILE NOS.
County,
□
A D - 9 4 2 , A D - 9 4 3 : N os.
□
P art A
□
O th e r:
to. COUNTNICS/NEGION/STATE OF OHIGIN
Delm ont,
15
&
1 6 ,
1985
S.
J.
N o w i e r s k i , R.
H arvey, M.S.U.
S. U S FIELD HOSTS/PHE V AT COLLECTION
A . G e n u s , species
E uphorbia
esula
M.
Schroder,
LV
E uphorbia
Ontario
12. NO. LAB GENERATIONS ( A t t h i p p r r /
r e le a s e r I o c a l i o n l
D .,
□ F • ‘ F IO
D F I * " F so
C .I.B .C
D
13. LABORATORY HOST/ PREY
A . G enus, species
c o d c tl
I
VI A B r a e s i d e ,
lif o r n i a , USA
a n d a f f ilia llo n t }
6,
IQ . S la q e /p a it
I
a tta c k e d ( te e
L.
Switzerland
Canada, & Albany, C a
H ORIGINAL COLLECTORS (,Vomve
e. OATES OF COLLECTION (fll.li.v/ / COLLECTORS f K a i n c t a n d
July
D POiIinator
Microbial
I H x p l a in
M I o r O T i:
R. M. N o w i e r s k i
s. COLLECTION LOC A L iT Y |S| - S ta te . C o u n ty , nearest T o w n
( I f m o r e Ih a n 2 c o l l e c t i o n t i l e t . g le e S t o le * C o u n t y o n l y )
DO WtTed feeder
PAraslte
D PHedator
esula
f OI ♦
10 . Si aqe / par I
| a tta c k e d ( te e
L.
1
LV
SECTION Il - REPORT OF SHIPMENT
is. NO. a
14 S H IP P E D TO ( N a m e A a d d r e t t )
David Hein
SE Ranch
G ra s s Ran ge, MT
LL“ J
stag ES SHIPPEOf use
c o d e s o n r e v e rie )
IOO L
*4 DATE SHIPPED ( m . d . y )
J u ly 18,
17. SHIPPER S REMARKS
BY SHIPPER
5903 2
D
Hand C a r r ie d
V IA :
20 NO. a STAGES (u s e c o d i
A . R e c 'd . A liv e
O. E m erged ( I I e n e f i c ia I i )
Iti J u l y 1985
Bsi]
22 SPECIMENS RETAINED
BY RECEIVER
□
No
T l Ves
I* OATE RECEIVED
No
100 L
nos.
21. RECEIVER S REMARKS
f e s tj
23 INTENOEO u s e
24. INTENDED LAB HOST / PREY -G en., $p.
L a b c u llu ie / s t u d y
( c o m p l e t e D lh . 2-1)
A .Q 3 Irn m e d ia Ie release
I IYes
1985
14. SPECIMENS RETAINED
nos.
( e o m p le lr S t c l. I l l l
I B D h e ie a s e In te n d e d
Q N„
ln l. naeo
SECTION III —
REPORTOF RELEASE/ R
ECOLONIZATIO
N f.Srr m i l r u c t i o n i o n c o in ’ r t h e e l : u t e FormA H - H - I J A f o r m o r e d e l u d t l
SITE I
Id Field
25. Types of release
D Greenhouse
D C
age
(_JOther:
26. Locations (Stale, County,
nearest Town or physical
feature, m
apcoordinates)
(U s e A D - H 4 3 A f o r m o r e d c i a i lt ;
te e i n s t r u c t i o n ! o n c o v e r t h e e l)
27. Num
ber & stagesreleased
( U t e c o d e t ; te e i m t r u c l i o n i
f o r r e c o r d in g m u l t i p l e
r e le a te t.)
D Field
D Other:
D G
reenhouse
D C
age
D Field
D G
reenhouse
D C
age
D Other:
M on tana, F erg u s C o . ,
T y l e r , T13N, R23E.
IEiG
LfiG
IcG
100 L
28. Dates of releases i m . d . y )
(S e e i n t l r u c l i o n t f o r
r e c o r d in g m u l t i p l e
r e le a te t. I
19 J u l y 1985
29. I argel hosls/prey at release
A. Primary - Genus, species
B. Other -
Euphorb ia e s u l a L.
Genus, specks
C
. Fam
ilies
30. I ood (planl/animal/oiher)
of target host /prey at
31. R
eleased by
'oWhohmi/
32. r e m a r k s I U se A l )
David H e i n . U n i v . o f Wvo nine
9 4 3 A fo r m o re d e I o ilt l
33. REPORTED BY
a .Nam
e
Dav id He In
B. Ol L fm A y l
J9
J u ly
[9 3 5
89
OMB n o . o>i> eel 3 Ii-XH z/za/a?|
34 FINAL OCTkRMIMAriON - Gen, Ip., Illbtp., iuth.
M NC Ir ve f i l e t I
US. Department of Agriculture
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD - NON Q U AR A N TIN E
..
Cl U
. Cl
b.
□
b
□
Cl
SECTION I - REPORT O
F MATERIAL RELEASED O
R SHIPPED
a. BENEFICIAL
I. FROM( K a m c A o d i l r c a u f S h i p p e r / I t v l v a ic r )
R o b ert M. N o w i e r s k i
4 09 L. J o h n so n H a l l
D ep artm ent o f E ntom ology
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
Bozeman, Montana 5971 7
• A. Gen., sp.. subip.,»ulh.
H yles eu p h orb iae
B. O r d e r : F a m ily
— —
L e p id o p C era :
(SJ
(L .)
LS-BZN-85-061
—
4. TVFC OF BENEFICIAL
I I PAratile
I I PRedator
n Microbial
S p h in gld ae
C- Oelcrniined by iTJeme end Q f f it ia tT ttn T f I t i i o i u n l
( C o l l e c t 'd f o r f i e l d i t
kbum lory culture,
A n d /0 f
S. COLLECTION LOCALITY |S| Statu. County, nearetl Town
( I f m o r e Ih a n 2 c o l l e c t i o n t i l c t , g iv e S t a le A C o u n t y o n l y )
n i' ' 0
D r ' - F 'o
□
(L .)
&
1
1
D F »'
*
F U - F so
13 LABORATORY MOST/FHEV
A. Genut1species
iB.Slaqe/parl
esu la
E uphorbia c y p a r i s s i a s L.
A. Genus, ipecie. Ru p h o r b l a
5-7
- ( SDH) - 8
12. NO LAU GENERATIONS f/tf r/||/iprr/
r c lc a e e r I o c a l i o i i l
S . D. M i g h t , B . I . I . L
S U S. FIELD HOSTS/FREV AT COLLECTION
OThor
F,om Laboratory Culture
It. ORIGINAL COLLECTORS I N a m e t
a n d e/Afiehone;
7 COLLECTORS ( \ 'a m e i a n d
a f f ilia lio n t )
J u ly 1 2-14,1985
□
e. SOURCE FILE NOS.
KJ A O-»4*. AO-943; Not.
g e e : B1 1 L
C h e s t e r t o n , New York
□ Part A
O Other:
a)
Dynam ite H i l l S k i A r e a , I . I m i l e s E o f 1 - 8
10. COUNTRI ES/RECION/ST ATE OF ORIGIN
b)
Median o f 1 - 8 7 , 0 . 7 m i l e s N o f i n t e r s e c t i o i
o f 1 - 8 7 and Route 8
6. OATES OF COLLECTION ( m . d . y ,
KJ WCcd feeder
I~1 POllinator
IF x p Ia In
M lo r D T I:
D. M i g h t , USDA:ARS: BIIL
S .
3. SHIFPt R/ RELL ASEN TILC NO.
( te e i n i l r u c l i u n t ,
IB. Si aqC/ par I
j aUacked (are
I
LV
SECTION Il - REPORT O
F SHIPMENT
IS. NO. & STAGES SHIFFEDfurn c i i d e i o n r e v e r ie )
14. S H IP P E D T O ( N a m e A a d d r e t t ,
M
George H i r s c h e n b e r g e r
Bureau o f Land Management
B u t t e , MT
v ia
W DATE SNIFFED I m . d . y l
100 L
18 J u l y 1985
It. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BY SHIPPER
Q
Hand C a r r i e d
No
P I Yes
:
IS. DATE RECEIVED ( m j l . V t
18 J u l y 1985
^
22. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BY RECEIVER
[1*0
100 L
23. INTENDED USE
(~") Yct
not.
Added f r e s h c o l d p a c k s and f o r a g e
24. INTENDED LAB HOST / FREV Gen, tp.
Lab cullure/ttudy
(c o m p le te I l l k 2 1 )
A.(^Immediate release
K lN o
(eon.,.Iele Seel. I W
not.
21 RECEIVER S REMARKS
20 NO. a. STAGES ( u t e c o d e
A. Rec'd. Alive
B Emerged I U e n e f ic i a h I
I B QReieate Intended
|£
Q no
,mended
SECTION III - REPORTOF RELEASE/RECOLONIZATION (See I n t l r u c l i o n e o n c o v e r e h e c l. u t,- F o r m A l ) 9 W A ( o r m u r e ,I e l a i l i l
Qd Flaid
D
Greenhoute
D
Cage
O
Field
O
Greenhouse
25. Types of release
Cage
C l Field
D
26. Locations (State, County,
nearest Town or physical
feature, m
apcoordinates)
IU te A D 9 4 3 A f o r m o re d e la ih .
i r e i n i t r u c l i o n i o n c o v e r t h e e 11
27. Number
D
&stagesreleased
M ontana, S i l v e r Bow Co.
n e a r S i l v e r S t a r , MT
T1S, R6W, S e c . 12 , SENW
Ir,']
( U t e coder, te e I n i t r u c l i o n i
f o r r e c o rd in g m u lt ip le
6»0
D
Greenhouse
Other;
If,']
100 L
2fL Dates of releases ( m . d . y )
(S e e i n i l r u c l i o m f o r
r e c o r d in g m u l t i p l e
r i'le a t c i. ,
19 J u l y 1985
29. Target hosts/prey at release
A. Primary
B. Other
-
U c n iis , s p e c ie s
Local spurge
- G e n u s , s p e c ie s
C
. Fam
ilies
30. I ood (piant/animal/other)
of target host/prey at
release
31. R
eleased by
^/dlofmn/
32. REMARKS ( U t e A l )
Local spurge
G eorge
9 4 3 A f o r m o re d e I a ih l
HirschenberKer
ant
Brad B i r f o r d
33 REPORTED BY
B Uatefm1
J,yj
D
Cage
90
OMBNO osi# qnis | r * P
2/ 2 e/a>)
US Orpartmem of Agriculture
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD - NON Q U AR A N TIN E
SECTION I - REPORT O
F MATERIAL RELEASED OR SHIPPED
r
I. FROM ( N a m e A a d U re s i u f S h i p p e r / I t v l e a s e r )
S te p h e n D. Might
USDA-ARS-NER
B e n e f i c i a l I n s e c t In tro d u ctio n
B u i l d i n g 2 6 4 , BARC- E a s t
B e l t s v i l l e , MD 207 05
BENEFICIAL. - A. Gen., Sp., SU
bIp., iuth.
Myles e u p h o r b l a e ( L. )
l.ep Idop t e r a :
1985
□
Sph in gid ae
S . D. Might
I h 'x p l a i n
M lo r U T r
And/Or
Pert B From Laboratory Culluie
• SOURCE FILE NOS.
□
AD-942, AD-943: Noi.
□
Part A
1 3 Other:
IO COUNTRIES/REGION/STATE OF ORIGIN
I COLLECTORS !N a m e s a n d
a f f ilia t io n s )
II. ORIGINAL COLLECTORS ( N a m e s
a n d a f f ilia t io n s )
12 NO LAB GENERATIONS ( A t s h i p p e r /
r e le a s e r l o c a t i o n )
D fI
S . D. H lg h t
I. U S FIELD HOSTS/PRE V AT COLLECTION
A. C.enus. species _
, ,
,
Euphorbia e s u l a
E uphorbia c y p a r l s s l a s L .
(L .)
IXl WEetI feeder
I I P O H in e to r
PArailte
I I PMedalor
[~J MlcioblJl
C h e s t e r t o w n , N.Y.
a ) Dynam ite H i l l S k i A r e a , 1 . 1 m i l e s E o f 187
b) Median o f 187 0 . 7 m i l e s N o f i n t e r s e c t i o n
o f 187 and Route ti
Ju ly 12-14,
4. TVPT OF BENEFICIAL
C Otilei m
ined by ( R a tn c a n d a f I J l a l i a n T l I t n i u v n l — ~
Pert A. From US
. Field Collection
!C o lle c te d f o r f ie ld I o I ie ld r e c o lo n lt a lio n o r Ia b o r u lo r y c u lt u r e J
» COLLECTION LO CA Li T V1$| - State, County, neareil Town
H f m o r e I h a n 2 c o l l e c t i o n sites, g iv e S t a le A C o u n t y o n l y I
6- OATES OF COLLECTION ( m . d . y l
B IIL-(SDM)- 8 5 - 7
B. Older: Family
- F «e
Q f S' ♦
Q f " " F so
,
&
IB. Si j<je/pjrt
I
at lacked (see
codes)
1
I l LABORATORY HOST / PHLV
A. Genus, speciei
lU. Slaye/pjlt
j
atucked (se e
LV
SECTION Il - REPORT O
F SHIPMENT
IS NO. BSTAGES SMiPPEDfuer c o d e s o n r e v e rs e )
14 SHIPPED TO( N a m e A a d d r e s s )
Mr. N. E. Rees
USDA-ARS-Rangeland I n s e c t L a b o r a t o r y
c / o Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
v ^ z e m a n , MT 597 17
Q
22 SPECIMENS RETAINED
BV RECEIVER
23 INTENDED USE
noi.
No
24 I
noi.
21 RECEIVER'S REMARKS
(t»D
24 IN TENDED LAB HOST / PHI V -G
en., IP.
Labculliiie/itudy
( c o m p l e t e D lk 2 4 )
A.Qlmmedlale release
Q Yei
1985
It. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BV SHIPPER
H
S vet
20. NO. &STAGES (u s e c o d e s )
A. Rec'd. Alive
U Em
erged ( D e n e fic ia Is )
Q no
16 J u l y
1
7
. SHIPPER S REMARAS
It. DATE RECEIVED ( m / J .v )
B*0
»
*. DATE SHIPPED ( m . d . y l
1129 L
( c o m p l e t e S e c t. I l l )
I u QmeieaseIntended
|
Q no ,el. ase,m
ended
SECTIONIII —
REPORT O
F RELEASE/ R
ECOLONIZATION(S ee I i i s l r u c l l o r u o n c o v e r s h e r l . use t ' o n n A / I - 9 4 3 A f u r m o r e tie la d s I
Q Field
25. Types of release
Q Gieenhouie
Q C
age
(Tl Tjald
Q G
reenhouse
Q C
age
I- 1Meld
L J Greenhouse
Qoiher
26. Locations (Slate, County,
nearest Town or physical
feature, m
ap coordinates)
( U s e A D - 9 4 3 A f o r m o r e d e t a ils ;
see i n s t r u c t i o n s o n c o v e r s h e e t)
27. Number A stagesreleased
Le > 0
(U s e c o d e s ; sec In s tr u c tio n s
f o r r e c o rd in g m u lt ip le
(P O
Iu iJ
28. Dates of releases I r n . d . y )
(S e e i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r
r e c o rd in g m u lt ip le
re le a s e s )
29. Target hosls/prcy at release
A. Primary - ( ic t iu s . s p e c ie s
B. Other - G e m is . s p e c ie s
C
. Fam
ilies
30. Food (plani/anunal/othcr)
of target host/prey at
31. R e le a s e d by
( a H iU a l i n n )
32 r e m a r k s !U s e A l )
9 4 3 A ( o r m o r e d e t a ils )
13 REPORTED BV
O . Dalei m j l . y )
, Q C
age
91
OMO NO OSH OOtl (C XP 2/2«/# /I
US. Department of Agriculture
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD - NON Q U AR A N TIN E
SECTION I - REPORT O
F MATERIAL RELEASED O
R SHIPPED
t. FROM( N a m e A a d J r e s t o f S h i p p e r / U e le a s e r t
2. BENEFICIAL. - A. Gen., *p., tubip., auth.
R o b ert M. N o w i e r s k i
409 L. J o h n so n H a l l
D ep artm ent o f Entom ology
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
Bozeman, Montana 597 17
H yles euphorbiae ( L . )
B. O r d e r T F e n i l i y
— — — — —
L ep id op tera:
_
_
_
4. TVFE OF BENEFICIAL.
S p h in gid ae
c Tb e t e r mi n T d by ( f r a m e a n d H f f t f i a t l o n T f k r t o w h ) ~
And/Or
P A r e tIle
DO WEed feeder
O
P H e d e to r
D
P O lI in e t o r
D M lc r o b l e l
( E x p la in
S . D. M i g h t , USDA:ARS: BI IL
P e rl A . F r o m U S F i e l d C o l l e c t io n
( C o l le c t e d f o r f i e l d I o f i e l d r e c o l o n u a t l o n o r l a b o r a t o r y c u l t u r e )
□
mi
or art.
P a rt 8 . F r o m L e b n i a l o r y C u l t u r e
5 COLLECTION LOC A LIT Y(S| -Stale. County, neeretl Town
( I f m o r e th a n 2 c o l l e c t i o n s ite s , g iv e S t a t e A C o u n t y o n l y )
e
. SOURCE F I L t NOS.
6. OATES OF COLLECTION ( m . d . y )
It. ORIGINAL COLLECTORS ( N a m e s
a n d a f f ilia t io n s )
K) AO-942, AD-9«: No..
g e e : B I I L - ( SDH)- 8 5 - 7
C h e s t e r t o n , New York
a)
Dynam ite H H l S k i A r e a , 1 . 1 m i l e s E o f n1 - 8 a D oiM f1
10. COUNTRIES/REGION/STATE OF ORIGIN
b)
Median o f 1 - 8 7 , 0 . 7 m i l e s N o f I n t e r s e c t i o i
o f 1 - 8 7 and Route 8
J u ly 12-14 ,1 9 8 5
7 COLLECTORS ( N a m e s a n d
a f f ilia t io n s )
IE NO. LAB GENERATIONS ( A l s h i p p e r /
r e le a s e r l o c a t i o n !
S . D. M i g h t , B . I . I . L
□ F I - F is
D f O
I *
D fII-f O
O
a
. U.S. FIELD HOSTS/PREV AT COLLECTION
.. ........... ...
E u p h o rb ia e s u l a
E u p h o rb ia c y p a r l s s i a s L.
IB. Sleqe/pert
(L .)
&
'
""
1
3
. la b o r a t o r y h o s t / FREV
A. Genutl specie!
18. Siege/perl
j attacked (see
LV
1
SECTION Il - REPORT OF SHIPMENT
IS. N
O
. & STAGES SMlFFEOIuee coiiea on r e v e rs e )
14. SHIPPED TO ( N a m e A a d d r e s s )
B*G
Dave P h i l l i p s
F erg u s Co. E x t e n s i o n S e r v i c e
L e w i s t o w n , MT
100 L , I I I - I V l n s t a r
*4. DATE SMIPFED ( m . d . y )
16 J u l y 1985
It. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BY SHIPPER
Hand C a r r i e d
□
NO
P l Yes
v ia :
I* DATE RECEIVED PnAy> 20. NO. & STAGES (u s e c o d e
A. Rec'd. Alive
8. Emerged ( O e n e fIc Ia Is )
18 J u l y 1985
ZE SFECIMENS RETAINED
BY RECEIVER
KJ no
D vet
not.
(f»Q
I OO
L
not.
21. RECEIVER'S REMARKS
fe*D
21. in te n d e d USE
Leb culture/tlu d y
( c o m p l e t e D lk . 2-1)
A.(^immediate release
Ioom pl.!, S e c t. I l l l
24. INTENDED LAU MOST / FWEY -Gen1 Ip.
I B QReIeate Intended
| c Q no
SECTION III —
REPORTOF RELEASE/ RECOLONIZATI ON(S ee I n s lr u c ll o n s onc o v e r s h e e t . u«r Form AU S-IJA ( o r m o r e d e ta ils )
25. Types of release
26. Locations (State, County,
nearest Town or physical
feature, m
apcoordinates)
IU s e A U - S g J A f o r m o r e d e t a il s ;
see i n s t r u c t i o n s o n c o v e r s h e e t !
27. Number A stagesreleased
( U s e c o d e s ; s e c I n s lr u c li o n s
f o r r e c o rd in g m u lt ip le
release#.;
GiQField
D
Greennoute
D
Caqe
Cl Field
G ra s s R a n g e , MT
NW1/4.SW1/4, S e c t i o n 2 2 ,
T15N, R23E
LisQ
IesQ
D
Greenhoute
LJ Caqe
IZl Fnild
D
Greenhoute
Ii-Q
100 L, I I I - I V i n s t a r
28. Dates of releases ( m . d . y )
(S e e i n s t r u c li o n s f o r
r e c o rd in g m u lt ip le
re le a s e s .)
29. Target hosis/prey at release
A. Primary - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
19 J u l y 1985
Euphorbia e s u l a ( L . )
B. Other - G e n u s , s p e c ie s
C
. ramilics
3
0
. I ood (plant/animal/othcr)
of target host/prey at
3
1
. R
eleased
by
^ f f H k ilio n )
E u p h orb ia e s u l a
(L .)
Dave P h i l l i p s
32 REMARKS ( U s e A U - 9 4 3 A f o r m o r e d e t a ils )
33 REPORTED BY
Dave P h i l l i p s
‘
8 . D e le ( r n j i. y )
Ju ly
1985
D
Caye
92
OMHNO 0SI» 0013 (EXP
»4 PINAL OCTSRMI NATION -Gen, sp.. subsp., euth.
Ite e f i l e t I
U S . Department ol Agriculture
BIO LO G IC AL SHIPMENT RECORD - NON Q U AR A N TIN E
Cl Cl
Cl □
»•
t
□
D□
SECTION I - REPORT OF MATERIAL RELEASED OR SHIPPED
Z RCNCPiCiAl_ •A. Gen., ip , iubip . aulh.
I. FROMi N a m e A a d t l r e u u f S h i p p c r / n e l t - a t e r )
R o b ert M. N o w i e r s k i
409 L. J o h n so n H a l l
D ep artm ent o f E ntom ology
Montana S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y
Bozeman, Montana 5971 7
SMlPPeR / RCLX ASCR FILE NO.
’ • ( te e i n t l r u c l i o n s )
©
H yles euphorbiae ( L . )
B. Order: I-emlly
«. TVPC OF eCNEFICIAL
L epid op tera:
O
S p h in gid ae
S . D. H i g h t , USDA:ARS: B I IL
fC o / le e t e d f o r S ! d ^ ^ % ^ Z % o m o % % f o r y c u l l y r e ,
^ndZOr
3. COLLECTION LOC A LIT V |S| ■itelo, County, neeresl Town
O f m o r e Ih a n 2 c o l l e c t i o n t i l c t , g l v e S t a l e A C o u n t y o n l y )
J u ly 12-14 ,1 9 8 5
K J W E e d fe e d e r
P A e d e to r
□
P O lI in e t o r
D
M lc r o b l e l
/ K x p la in
A l / o r OT*;
Q
O Ther
Pen 0. From Leborelory Cullure
3. SOURCE FILE NOS.
C h e s t e r t o n , New Yor k
a)
Dynam ite H i l l S
b)
Median o f 01. -78 7m, i l e s N o f i n t e r s e c t lo t
o f 1 - 8 7 and Rou Ce 8
». OATES OF COLLECTION p n . J . y j
P A r e s Ile
_D
C
. Deleinimed by ( R o m e a n d a f f i U a l l o n T / ImoiTnj""*
@ a o -942. a d -943: Nos.
□
Pert A
See:
10. COU NTR I ES/HEGION/S T A T E OF ORIGIN
II. ORIGINAL COLLECTORS ( N a m e t
a n d a f f llla lio n t )
j . COLLECTORS ( N a m e t a n d
a f f llia llu n t )
B lIL-(S DH ) - 8 5 - 7
O other:
12. NO LAB GENERATIONS ( A l t h i p p e r /
re Ie u te r I o c a llo n l
D
S. D. R i g h t , B . I . I . L
f
I
“ F IO
D
f SI ♦
D f M - f SO
•. U S. FIELD HOSTS/PRE V AT COLLECTION
.. ........... .
E u p h orb ia e s u l a
E u p h orb ia c y p a r l s s l a s L.
IB. Siege/part
(L .)
&
'
1
U. LABORATORY MOST/PREV
IB. St ege / par I
""
LV
SECTION Il - REPORT O
F SHIPMENT
is. NO. BSTAGES SMiPPEOfuar c a d e t o n rn-ereej
14. SHIPPED TO ( N a m e A a d d r e t t )
H. DATE SHIPPED ( m . d , y )
LtiQ
B i l l O tten
M i s s o u l a County Weed D i s t r i c t
M i s s o u l a , MT
80 L
18 J u l y 1985
IS. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BY SHIPPER
Hand C a r r i e d
via
:
I*. DATE RECEIVED ( m j l . y )
18 J u l y 1985
°
80 L
No
n
V
es
nos.
21 RECEIVER S REMARKS
20 NO. & STAGES ( u t e c o d e
A. H
ee d. Alive
B
. Em
erged ( B e n c f l c I a lt )
M
22. SPECIMENS RETAINED
BV RECEIVER
O
EiD 80 L
INTENDED USE
24 INTENDED LAB MOST / PREV Gen, SP-
Lab cullure/study
( c o m p l e t e U lh . 2 1 )
(X) NO
D vei
nos.
I c u m p L U S .C I. I l l l
I c Q no
In,.n0e0
SECTIONIII - REPORT OF RELEASE/ RECOLONIZATION /S e e I n t l r u e l l o n t o n c o v e r t h e n , u t e FormA U H 4 J A f o r m o r e d e I a i l t I
©Field
D Other:
25. Types of release
2
«
x Locations (Slate, County,
nearest Town or physical
feature, m
apcoordinates)
(U te A D -9 4 3 A f o r m o re d r la ilt ,
te e i n t l r u c l i n n t o n c o v e r t h e e l)
27. Number
4 stagesreleased
( U t e coder, are I n t l r u c l i o n t
f o r r e c o rd in g m u lt ip le
r e le a t c t . )
D Greenhouse
O Cage D Field
D Other:
D Greenhouse
D Cage D Field
D Other:
D Greenhouse
M i s s o u l a C o u n ty , MT
T 1 3 , R l 9 , S13
SE c o r n e r
lf«J
80 L, I - I I I
Bit]
ItiQ
in sta r
28. Dales of releases I m . d . y )
(S e e i n i t r u c l i n n i f o r
r e c o r d in g m u l t i p l e
r e le a t e t . )
19 J u l y 1985
29. Target hosls/prcy al release
A. Primary - ( i t n u t , s p e c ie s
Euphorbia e s u l a L.
B. Other - ( ie n u s . s p e c ie s
C
. Tam
ities
3
0
. I ood (plant/animal/other)
of target host/prey at
31. Released by
'a f f f i i Z h o n )
32 REMARKS ( U t e A U
E u p h o rb ia e s u l a L.
B i l l O tten
94 JA f o r m o re d e la ilt)
33. REPORTED BV
1». O aiefm A yj
D Cage
MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES
IlillllillllIIlIliI
3
1 762
1013
17 8 6 3