Implementation of DTTB
Case Study - Australia
Andrew King
Director : BroadSpectrum Consultants
Chair : Australian Radiocommunications Study Group 6
(Broadcasting)
25th May 2015
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Australian Terrestrial TV Licence Areas
Free to air broadcasts :
2 national services
3 commercial services
1 community service (limited areas)
DARWIN
Queensland
Remote
175 tx sites
0.07 pp/km2
REGIONAL W.A.
(3 sub markets)
(7 sub markets)
7 QLD (7)
WIN (9)
Southern Cross (10)
Prime (7)
WIN (9, 10)
CENTRAL
BRISBANE
IMPARJA (9,10)
Southern Cross (7)
Northern NSW
(6 sub markets)
PRIME (7)
NBN (9)
Southern Cross (10)
PERTH
Regional
367 tx sites
6 pp/km2
MILDURA
Metro
69 tx sites
144 pp/km2
GRIFFITH
SYDNEY
Southern NSW
(5 sub markets)
ADELAIDE
MELBOURNE
South Australia
Southern Cross (7,9,10)
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WIN SA (7,9,10)
- LOXTON
- MT GAMBIER
Victoria
(6 sub markets)
PRIME (7)
WIN (9)
Southern Cross (10)
PRIME (7)
WIN (9)
Southern Cross (10)
TASMANIA
(2 sub markets)
WIN (9)
Southern Cross (7 & 10)
2
A Variety of
Transmission Facilities
Medium Power UHF
Low Power UHF
infill
High Power VHF
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Australian broadcast & communications environment
– regulatory players
MINISTER FOR COMMUNICATIONS
Content
Carriage
POLICY ADVICE
Department of Communications
INDUSTRY BODIES WITH
CO-REGULATORY FUNCTIONS
INDUSTRY BODIES WITH
CO-REGULATORY FUNCTIONS
Free TV Australia
(Commercial Television
Industry Body)
GOVERNMENT
Commercial Radio
Australia (CRA)
Community Broadcasting
Association of Australia
(CBAA)
Internet Industry Association
(IIA)
REGULATORS
Australian Communications
and Media Authority
(ACMA)
Australian Subscription
TV and Radio Association
(ASTRA)
Telecommunications
Industry Ombudsman (TIO)
Communications
Alliance
Australian Competition
and Consumer Commission
(ACCC)
OPERATORS
•Carriers
•Telephone Service Providers
•Internet Service Providers
•Broadcast Transmission
Providers
•National Broadcasters
•Commercial Broadcasters
•Community Broadcasters
•Subscription Broadcasters
•Narrowcasters
Industry User Groups
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USERS
Consumer Groups
Regulation
Accountability
4
Roadmap Overview
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2009
2010
First analogue
TV switch off
30th June 2010
1. Preparation and Planning
International and Initial Work
2008
Domestic Planning
2011
2012
2013
2014
Last analogue
TV switch off
10th December 2013
2. Implementation
Original Simulcast Duration – Metropolitan Areas
Original Simulcast Duration - Regional Areas
3. Digital Enhancement
Planning
DTTB Commences
1st January 2001
Installation
4. Analogue Switch Off
Planning
Switch off by region
5. Digital Restack
Planning
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Restack
Spectrum Release
31st December 2014
5
Preparation & Planning
• ABA Specialist Group on Digital Terrestrial
Broadcasting 1993 – 1997
• Broadcaster-led Specialist Group
• Selection Panel
– Choice between ATSC and DVB-T
• Planning Implications
– Same coverage; digital tx at analogue tx sites 6dB
lower power
– Urban, suburban and rural field strengths defined for
Bands III, IV & V
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Preparation & Planning 2
• Government Decisions
–
–
–
–
–
–
Broadcasters provided a 7MHz channel for digital
Metros commence 1/1/01, Regionals 1/1/04
Nominally an 8 year simulcast
Minimum quota of HD (20 hours / week)
Triplecast (SD/HD/analogue)
No multichanneling, but can “multiview”
• Technical Decisions
– DVB-T MPEG-2 SD/HD
– No SI “cross carry” (no multiplex operator)
• Implications for “interference”
– HD bitrate compromised by SD
– Audio up to 5.1
– captioning
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Transmission Standard
Digital television—Terrestrial broadcasting
Part 1: Characteristics of digital terrestrial television transmissions
AS4599.1.
Coding
Teletext / Subtitles
Service Information
Video / Audio
Implementation
ETSI TS101154
Conveying in System B
ETSI EN300472
Service Info
ETSI EN300468
Data Broadcasting
ETSI EN301192
Framing & Modulation
ETSI EN300744
Video / Audio Spec
ETSI TS102005
Enhanced Teletext
ETSI EN300706
Service Info
Implementation
ETSI TR101211
Data Broadcasting
Implementation
ETSI TS101202
MIP for SFN
ETSI TS101191
IP Framework
ETSI TR102033
VBI in data in DVB
ETSI EN301775
Service Info codes
ETSI TS101162
Software Update
ETSI TS102006
DVB-H
ETSI EN302304
MPEG2 over IP
ETSI TS102034
Closed Captions
OP42
TV Anytime
ETSI TS102323
SSU
OP46
DVB-T Implementation
ETSI TR101190
DSM-CC
AS/NZS 13818-6
Data
ONID & NID Allocations
OP40
Electronic Service Guide
OP44
LCN
OP41
Time Related Tables
OP45
Content Codes
OP39
EIT Schedule
OP58
Service Replacement
Service
OP43
Modulation
Others
Misc Standards covering
Conditional Access
Interactive Middleware
Copy Protection
Measurement
DVB-H Implementation
ETSI TR102377
DVB / ETSI Standards etc
Broadcaster Operational Practices
Note : System Characteristics have changed over time.
2011 Version indicated.
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Broadcast Structure (Pre Digital)
f1
f3
f2
Broadcaster
studios
Studio to
Transmitter
Link
Broadcaster
Control
Self- Help
Operator
Control
A Tx
Re-tx
A Tx
A Tx
Main
Transmitter
Translator
10m
Definitional Planning Height
Viewer
Building
Body Corporate
House
Manufacturer
Unit
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9
Broadcast Structure (Simulcast)
f1,f4
Broadcaster studios
SD
SD
HD
f3
Studio to
Transmitter
Link
f2,f5
Self- Help
Operator
Control
A Tx
23Mbit/s
Re-tx
D Tx
D Tx
SD Dec
A Tx
Broadcaster
Control
A Tx
Transmitter
Translator
10m
Definitional Planning Height
Viewer
Building
Body Corporate
House
Manufacturer
Unit
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10
Australian DTV Growth
Digital Australia
established
Digital Tracker
Surveys
(households)
Digital Switchover
Taskforce established
Industry Sales
Data (converted
to households)
HD capable LCD / Plasma
displays reach acceptable
consumer price points
Media reform
Package
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3. Digital Enhancement
4. Analogue Switch Off
5. Digital Restack
11
Digital Reception Issues
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Interference Management Scheme
Educate viewers / market to “cliff effect” of digital
Antenna maintenance “Analogue Antennas”
Masthead overload / high receive levels
Local clutter / moisture
Knife edge diffraction
SFN design
– Same frequency, time, data
– “mush zones”
– Failures mean interference
• Receiver software design
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Digital Enhancement
• Broadcaster review of underserved areas
• Gap filler planning
– Metropolitan Licence Area Key Issues
• Future-proofing, Growth areas, Building clutter
– Regional Licence Area Key Issues
• Growth areas, vegetation along riverbanks
– ACMA insist on suburban field strength levels
• TV “Black spot” sites converted by broadcasters
• Viewer Access Satellite Television service (VAST)
• Coverage
– Metro areas: 99.4 – 99.7%
– Regional areas: > 98%
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Analogue Switch Off
• Activities co-ordinated through DSTF
• Government Assistance Schemes
– Households Assistance Scheme
– Satellite Subsidy Scheme
• Monthly Transmission & Spectrum Working
Group meetings
– Broadcaster advice on gap filler roll out
– co-ordination of govt resources and information
• Switch off Regions
– Legislated 6 month switch off “windows”
– Mildura test market 30/6/2010
– Melbourne last major market 10/12/2013
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Broadcast Structure (Digital)
f4
f6
Broadcaster
studios
f5 SFN
Studio to
Transmitter
Link
f5
D Tx
f5
D Tx
D Tx
Broadcaster
Control
Main
Transmitter
Converted
Self Help
Gap Filler
D Tx
Translator
New Gap
Filler
10m
Definitional Planning Height
Viewer
Building
Body Corporate
House
Manufacturer
Unit
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15
Restack Objectives
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
clear the digital dividend band of broadcasting services as soon as practicable;
plan for six digital channels at each transmission site;
plan for six VHF channels at all metropolitan main station sites;
plan such that coverage of all six channels is similar;
maintain or improve digital television coverage;
simplify viewer reception of terrestrial digital television;
establish spectrum planning arrangements that support future needs;
retain 14 MHz of spectrum in VHF Band III for possible expansion of digital radio;
comply with the legislated framework;
consistent with the minister’s direction, the ACMA should wherever possible:
a)
b)
minimize viewer costs and disruption;
minimize commercial and national broadcaster costs.
In licence area overlap regions, nine services per site would be planned at existing
transmission sites.
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Restack Planning Principles
Principle 1 : Use Ch 6 – 12, 28 – 51
Principle 2 : create sub-band for DAB+ in Ch 9 9A
Principle 3 : Plan 6 digital channels in each area (9 for overlap regions)
Principle 4 : Plan so viewers have only one band antenna
Principle 5 : Plan services within defined blocks
Principle 6 : Channel assignment rules
Principle 7 : Transmission site block assignment rules
Principle 8 : Make all SFNs the same
Principle 9 : Plan for DVB-T 64QAM, 2/3 FEC, 1/16 GI with co-channel
protection ratio (20dB) and defined field strengths
Principle 10 : Equalise technical parameters between broadcasters
Principle 11 : Determine timing windows for the restack
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Restack Planning Model
Block A
6
174
Block B
12
DAB+
230
28
526
Block C
33 34
568
Block D
39 40
610
Block E
45 46
51
652
694
MHz
• Planning Methodology
– Queensland study
• 198 transmitters in Ch 52 – 69 needed moving
• Minimal moves – added 46 move transmitter moves
• Block Model – added 83 more transmitter moves
– But, long term benefits of block model recognised
– Nationwide 930 transmitters in Ch52 – 69 1,299
transmitters restacked including consequential moves
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Public Information Campaigns
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Restack Example
Newcastle Licence Area
Central Coast Overlap
Sydney Licence Area
50 km
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520
Consultants Pty Ltd
694
Frequency (MHz)
SBS58 Gosford
NEN59T B G W
ATN60 Manly
ATN61 B G W
TCN62 B G W
TCN63 Manly
SBS64 Bouddi
TEN65 B G W
TEN66 Manly
ABC67 Bouddi
NBN68 B G W
T
TEN55 Gosford
T
TCN52 Gosford
SBS39 Manly
NBN40 Gosford
NBN41 Bouddi
ABC42 Manly
NEN43 Gosford
ATN44 Bouddi
TEN45 Manly
ABC46 Gosford
TCN47 Bouddi
ATN48CManly
ATN49 Gosford
TEN50 TBouddi
ABC37 B G W
ney
NEN32 Bouddi
TCN33 Manly
SBS34 Syd M B
SBS28 Sydney
TSN29 Sydney
ABC30 Manly
Legend
Analog
Digital
Restacked Digital
NBN69 Wyong
TEN66 Wyong
TCN63 Wyong
ATN60 Wyong
NRN56 Wyong
NEN53 Newc
NRN51 Newc
ABC42 Wyong
ANBN36 Newc
ABC37 Newc
SBS38 Newc
SBS39 Wyong
NRN33 Wyong
NEN30 Wyong
Spectrum Allocations Pre Sydney ASO
Digital Dividend Spectrum
820
21
Restack and Spectrum Licences
January 2015
NEN35 Newc
ANBN36 Newc
ABC37 Newc
SBS38 Newc
NRN39 Newc
Possible EIRP
23dBm/5MHz
113
85
58
Block C
Block D
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TBD
Unsold
Telstra
Optus
Mid Band Gap
Unsold
Telstra
Optus
NEN46 B G W
NBN47 B G W
NRN48 B G W
Guardband
Digital Dividend Spectrum
Block E
694
520
Base Station
Transmit
Mobile
Transmit
30
SBS40 B G W
ABC41 B G W
ATN42 B G W
TCN43 B G W
TEN44 B G W
ATN28 Manly
TSN29 Sydney
ABC30 Manly
TEN31 Manly
SBS32 Manly
TCN33 Manly
Typical ERP
60dBm/7MHz
Block B
Possible EIRP
64dBm/5MHz
Frequency (MHz)
Legend
Digital
Restacked Digital
820
22
Thank You for your attention
Questions?
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