Introduction to Transportation
Systems
1
PART I:
CONTEXT,
CONCEPTS AND
CHARACTERIZATION
2
Chapter 2:
Transportation Systems Components: An Internal Perspective
3
Infrastructure
‹ Guideways: Special Purpose vs. General
Purpose Guideway -- some examples
‹ Highway
‹ Railroad
‹ Pipeline
‹ Air Corridors
‹ Terminals/Stations -- some examples
‹ Rail Freight Yards
‹ Container Port
‹ Airports
‹ Bus Stations
‹ Transit Stations
‹ Street Corner Bus Stops/Taxi Stands
4
Vehicles
‹ Automobiles
‹ Rail
Locomotives
‹ Airplanes
‹ Tractor Trailer
‹ Truck Trailers
‹ Railroad Cars
‹ Containers
5
Vehicle Characteristics
‹ Crashworthiness
‹ Degree
of Automation
‹ Energy Source: internal vs.
external
‹ Weight
‹ Material
‹ Aerodynamics
‹ Emissions
6
Equipment -- some examples
‹ Loading
Crane at Container Port
‹ Railroad Track Maintenance
Equipment
‹ Airport Baggage Handling
‹ Snow Removal Vehicles
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Power Systems
‹ Internal
Combustion Engine
‹ Diesel Engine
‹ Electric Motors
‹ Humans
‹ Animals
‹ Gravity
‹ Windmill
‹ Solar Panels
‹ Tidal Baffles
8
Fuel
‹ Gasoline
‹ Natural
Gas
‹ Diesel
‹ Coal
‹ Electricity (e.g., as generated from coal)
‹ Electricity (as in an onboard battery)
‹ Solar
Energy
‹ Tides/Currents
‹ Wind
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Control, Communications
and Location Systems
‹
Humans
Driver
‹ Controllers (as in air traffic)
‹ Dispatcher
‹
‹
Technology
Traffic Lights
‹ Sensors -- e.g., Loop Detectors
‹ Fleet Management Systems
‹ Automated Vehicles
‹ Block Control (railroad)
‹
Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
‹ Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
‹
10
Summary -- Transportation
Physical System
Components
‹ Infrastructure
‹ Guideway
‹ Terminals
‹ Stations
‹ Vehicles
‹ Power
Systems
‹ Fuel
‹ Control,
Communications &
Location Systems
Figure 2.1
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“Operators”
‹ Labor
‹ Management
‹ Marketing
‹Intramodal
‹Intermodal
‹Intersectoral,
e.g., Transportation
vs. Communication
‹ Strategic
Planning
‹ Operations
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Operations/Marketing
“Tension”
‹
‹
‹
Marketing people like to provide
high-quality service. To a first
approximation, they want to maximize
revenues.
Marketing people like to provide
universal, direct, frequent, and
high-quality service to transportation
customers.
Marketing people are basically
concerned with maximizing the
revenues that flow to the company.
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Operations/Marketing
“Tension”
‹
‹
‹
Operations people are cost-oriented.
Operations people are typically worried
about minimizing cost.
Operations people want to run an
efficient and cost-effective operation.
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“Operators”, continued
‹ Maintenance
Management
‹ Information Management
‹ Operations Research
‹ Administration
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Operating Plans
‹ Schedule
‹ Crew
Assignments
‹ Vehicle Distribution
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Connection Patterns -Hub-and-Spoke
Origin1
Hub
Destination 1
Origin 2
Origin 3
Origin 1
Destination 1
Hub 1
Hub 2
Origin 2
Destination 2
Origin 3
Destination 3
Figure 2.2
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Cost/Level-of-Service
Trade-off
C
Two Connection
Patterns
A
B
D
A
C
B
D
Figure 2.3
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Do we provide direct, high-quality
service from A to C as shown in
the lower figure, or do we
consolidate passengers at Node B
with other passengers from Node
D, into a single flight from B to C?
Here we have some fundamental
cost/level-of-service trade-offs.
Which pattern does the VPMarketing like? How about the
VP-Operations?
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Contingency Planning
What do we do when things go
wrong? How do we decide how to
alter our operating plan to reflect
changes in weather, demand for
service and accidents -- such as a
derailment?
20