University of Warwick, Department of Sociology, 2012/13
SO201: SSAASS (Surveys and Statistics) (Richard Lampard)
SO 201
SURVEYS, SECONDARY ANALYSIS
AND SOCIAL STATISTICS
MODULE OUTLINE AND READING LIST
Overview: The core issue covered by the module is social statistics (particularly statistical
testing/inference/modelling), with statistical computing, the secondary analysis of survey
data, and social surveys more generally being important sub-issues.
Assessment: This takes a standard, fixed form (except in the case of any visiting students
who are not at Warwick for the full academic year), consisting of a two-hour examination and
a secondary-analysis based project report (Maximum length: 5,000 words) to be submitted by
2pm on the Tuesday of Week 3 in Term 3 (Tuesday 7 May 2013). (For a description of the
consequences of exceeding the maximum word length of 5,000 words, see the
Department’s Undergraduate Student Handbook.) Projects should be submitted to the
Sociology Undergraduate Secretary in the Sociology Reception Area by 2pm on the
specified date. Late submission where no formal extension has been granted (via the
relevant form located within the Undergraduate Study section of the Department’s web pages)
will incur a penalty of 5 marks per day deduction from the mark awarded.
Lectures are on
The ‘Seminar’ time is
Monday at
12noon - 1pm
Wednesday at 11am - 1pm
The Lectures are all in Room S0.08 (Social Studies Building: Ground Floor).
The ‘Seminars’ (Computer-based sessions) are held in R0.41 (a workarea, sometimes
referred to as Computer Suite 1, which is on the Ground Floor of the Library, located off a
lobby which is accessed via an external door just along the side of the building from the
corner of the Library which is nearest to the Ramphal Building) ,
Richard Lampard’s office is R3.29A on the top floor of the Ramphal Building and his e-mail
address is Richard.Lampard@warwick.ac.uk.
His pigeonhole is in R2.17A on the 2nd floor of the Ramphal Building.
1
MODULE SCHEDULE
(Note that the Wednesday session will usually ‘echo’ the topic of the Monday lecture, but will
also include other useful activities, e.g. focusing on particular features of SPSS, projects, etc.)
TERM 1:
WEEK 1:
[Wed.]: Bivariate Analysis with SPSS Revisited (focusing on chi-square)
WEEK 2:
Multivariate Analysis [Wed.: Multi-way cross-tabulations)
WEEK 3:
Secondary Analysis (and Official Statistics) [Wed.: Accessing data]
WEEK 4:
Regression I: Getting the preliminaries in place (e.g. correlation)
WEEK 5:
Regression II: Multiple regression
WEEK 6:
Regression III: Assumptions and complications
WEEK 7:
Logistic regression I
WEEK 8:
Logistic regression II/Log-linear models I
WEEK 9:
Log-linear models II
WEEK 10:
Issues relating to complex sample designs [Wed: Plus project planning]
TERM 2:
WEEK 11:
Operationalising concepts
WEEK 12:
Interpreting published articles based on multivariate analyses
WEEK 13:
Index construction
WEEK 14:
Analysing means I: (Extending) Analysis of Variance
WEEK 15:
Analysing means II: Nonparametric techniques
WEEK 16:
[READING WEEK]
WEEK 17:
Survival analysis/Event history analysis
WEEK 18:
Measuring association and inequality
WEEK 19:
Other multivariate techniques: clustering and scaling
WEEK 20:
A glimpse beyond the module:
Extensions of logistic regression, Multi-level models, etc.
(Note that the above should be regarded as provisional, especially with respect to the
topics and session order in Term 2!)
2
Learning outcomes
By the end of the module students should have...
Subject knowledge and understanding
 An enhanced understanding of statistical inference
 An enhanced knowledge of various statistical measures and bivariate forms of statistical
analysis
 An awareness of the value of, and practical experience of applying, multivariate analysis
techniques
 An enhanced knowledge of various stages and aspects of the quantitative research process
Cognitive Skills
 A heightened awareness of both the technical and theoretical/conceptual dimensions of
quantitative data analysis
 An enhanced understanding of the impact of the ways in which quantitative data are
generated, manipulated and analysed on the validity and usefulness of research findings
Key Skills; Subject-Specific/Professional Skills
 The ability to carry out a greater range of statistical tests using statistical computing
software
 An enhanced ability to manipulate and analyse existing survey data using statistical
computing software, and to present and interpret the results of these analyses
appropriately
 The ability to carry out multivariate statistical analyses using statistical software
 An enhanced ability to evaluate the merits, limitations and specificities of existing surveys
as sources of data
 A more developed ability to interpret and critiques published quantitative research
Learning and teaching methods which enable students to achieve the
module's learning outcomes
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
18 lectures, including formal coverage of statistical analysis topics
19 (two hour) computer-based sessions, in which students (a) apply statistical
techniques, as covered by some of the lectures, to data from existing social surveys,
(b) consider or discuss other data collection and/or analysis topics, sometimes with
reference to preparatory reading, and/or (c) discuss the project component of the
course assessment.
Students produce two pieces of classwork, in relation to which they receive both
qualitative feedback and a quantitative mark, but which are not formally assessed and
which do not contribute (directly) to the final module mark.
Students access learning materials in the library and on the module web-site.
Students are provided with examples and exercises, in relation to the statistical testing
and data analysis aspects of the module, that they can make use of outside the
module’s contact hours
With regard to project work, students are provided with a CD containing data from an
existing social survey (or download such date), and have access to statistical
computing software via the University computer network (and can download a copy
under licence)
Revision sessions are held during the first three-to-four weeks of the third term.
Individual advice, tuition and project-related support are available during the tutors’
office hours or by appointment (and also via e-mail).
3
Assessment methods designed to measure the achievement of the module's
learning outcomes
Students are assessed via the following:
a)
a two-hour unseen examination.
b)
a project report, maximum length: 5,000 words, and corresponding to the secondary
analysis of data from an existing survey.
Assessment of the examination answers and project report is based on the following criteria:
 Presentation of written work, including spelling and grammar
 Structure of written work, and its fluency, clarity and maturity
 Quality and soundness of argument
 Competence in the application of statistical techniques
 Competence in interpretation of quantitative research findings
 Quality and sophistication of linkages between data and substantive/theoretical ideas
 Breadth and accuracy of knowledge with respect to research methods issues
 Independence of thought and critical awareness within analyses
The learning outcomes for this module are reflected in the learning and teaching methods
employed, and the assessment methods measure the students’ achievements across the range
of learning outcomes.
Assessment of seminar performance/transferable skills
Students’ performance in the computer-based sessions and their achievement of transferable
skills are assessed as part of the Department’s review of student progress. This assessment
does not enter into the final mark for the module. Aspects of student performance relevant to
most or all modules include: writing skills (measured via the assessment of classwork), oral
skills (measured with respect to participation in taught sessions), time management skills
(measured with regard to attendance and preparation), and research skills (measured with
regard to use of the library and of IT resources). With regard to this specific module,
students are expected to enhance all or most of the transferable skills listed above. However,
performance in the context of computer-based sessions relates primarily to attendance,
willingness to engage actively with the material covered in sessions, and willingness to
develop data analysis skills. Students who do not miss any sessions without appropriate
explanation, participate actively within sessions as and when required, and carry out set tasks
outside the scheduled sessions adequately (including project work) will be deemed, at the
very least, to be making satisfactory progress.
Surveys and Statistics module web pages:
These can be accessed via: http://go.warwick.ac.uk/so201/, which is located within the
Sociology Department’s web pages within the University’s website. They will contain, in due
course, some or all of the following:






Material relevant to project work.
Links to pertinent websites.
Additional reading material corresponding to one or more of the topics on this reading
list, and to other research methods themes of relevance to quantitative social research.
Material relevant to examination preparation.
Material (data files, etc.) for use in computing sessions.
Any other material added as the academic year progresses.
4
Reading list (DRAFT - Partial)
The sections that follow list reasonably good texts relating to different aspects of the module.
No one text covers all the material contained within the module (and the module’s set of
Library course extracts may be collectively more useful), but you may feel it is worth buying
one or more of the texts marked with an asterisk (though others may be worth buying secondhand):
Statistical computing
The following texts are linked to SPSS for Windows, the software used in the module,
although many of them will not cover all of the techniques that we will apply using SPSS.
Note that there are subtle variations between versions of SPSS for Windows {e.g. between
Versions 6.1, 8.0, 9, 10, 11 and 12, and between 15.0 and 16}; we will be using Version 19
(or possibly 21) on the University’s PC network; for those of you who have your own
{adequately powerful} PCs, a licensed copy of the software (Version 21) has been made
available for download by IT Services
(see: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/services/its/servicessupport/software/list/spss/)
*MARSH, C. and ELLIOTT, J. 2009. Exploring Data: An Introduction to Data Analysis for
Social Scientists (2nd edition). Cambridge: Polity Press. [Covers much of the statistical
analysis/data analysis side of the module, and contains some material on SPSS].
*FIELDING, J. and GILBERT, N. 2006. Understanding Social Statistics. (2nd edition)
London: Sage. [First edition (2000) still useful. Covers SPSS for Windows and a fair amount
of the statistical testing material covered by the module].
ACTON, C. and MILLER, R., with FULLERTON, D. and MALTBY, J. 2009. SPSS for
Social Scientists (2nd edition). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
KINNEAR, P.R. and GRAY, C.D. 2010. IBM SPSS Statistics 18 Made Simple. Hove:
Psychology Press. [A good, straightforward, but broad text (& relatively cheap!); the 2008,
2006, 2000, 1997 and 1994 editions are also still of relevance.]
PALLANT, J. 2007. SPSS Survival Manual (3rd edition): A Step-By-Step Guide to Data
Analysis Using SPSS (Version 15). Maidenhead: Open University Press. [Leans towards
psychology (affecting the balance of the statistical content); earlier ed’ns still useful].
BRYMAN, A. and CRAMER, D. 2001. Quantitative Data Analysis with SPSS Release 10 for
Windows. London: Routledge. [The 1999 edition using Version 8 is also still of relevance,
and the 1997 version is still of some use].
GEORGE, D. and MALLERY, P. 2002. SPSS for Windows Step-by-Step: A Simple Guide
and Reference, 11.0 Update (4th edition). Allyn & Bacon. [Detailed, fairly recent text].
HO, R. 2006. Handbook of Univariate and Multivariate Data Analysis and Interpretation with
SPSS. London: Chapman & Hall/CRC. [Also available as an e-book!!]
COLMAN, A. and PULFORD, B. 2006. A Crash Course in SPSS for Windows (3rd edition).
Oxford: Blackwell. [Fairly technical/orientated towards psychology; previous editions by
Corston and Colman still useful].
BURTON, D. (ed.) 2000. Research Training for Social Scientists: A Handbook for
Postgraduate Researchers. London: Sage. [Chapters by Gayle].
FIELD, A. 2009. Discovering Statistics Using SPSS (3rd edition). London: Sage.
ARGYROUS, G. 2005. Statistics for Research with a Guide to SPSS (2nd ed.). London: Sage.
SARANTAKOS, S. 2007. A Tool Kit for Quantitative Data Analysis. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
CONNOLLY, P. 2007. Quantitative Data Analysis in Education: A critical introduction using
SPSS. London: Routledge. [Esp. Chapter 6].
5
HINTON, P.R., BROWNLOW, C., McMURRAY, I. and COZENS, B. 2004. SPSS
Explained. Hove: Psychology Press.
BABBIE, E.R., HALLEY, F. and ZAINO, J. 2000. Adventures in Social Research: Data
Analysis Using SPSS for Windows 95/98 (4th Edition). London: Sage (Pine Forge Press).
[Don’t confuse this with the SPSS-PC+-related edition (1993/4); the 1995 edition (Babbie &
Halley) is, however, still of relevance/value, and is used for reference purposes below].
FOSTER, J.J., BARKUS, E. and YAVORSKY, C. 2005. Understanding and Using Advanced
Statistics: A Practical Guide for Students. London: Sage.
LANDAU, S. and EVERITT, B.S. 2004. A Handbook of Statistical Analyses using SPSS.
Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC. [Available online].
BOSLAUGH, S. 2005. An Intermediate Guide to SPSS Programming: Using Syntax for Data
Management. London: Sage. [May be useful for doing things with syntax windows].
COLLIER, J. 2010. Using SPSS Syntax: A Beginner’s Guide. London: Sage.
ROSE, D. and SULLIVAN, O. 1996. Introducing Data Analysis for Social Scientists (2nd
revised edition). Buckingham: Open University Press.
DAVID, M. and SUTTON, C.D. 2004. Social Research: The Basics. London: Sage. [Part III
on Data Analysis contains some useful material on SPSS].
MUIJS, D. 2004. Doing Quantitative Research in Education with SPSS. London: Sage.
HOWITT, D. and CRAMER, D. 2002. A Guide to Computing Statistics with SPSS 11 for
Windows (Revised Edition). Harlow: Pearson Education.
CRAMER, D. 1998. Fundamental Statistics for Social Research: Step-by-step calculations
and computer techniques using SPSS for Windows. London: Routledge.
EINSPRUCH, E.L. 1998. An Introductory Guide to SPSS for Windows. London: Sage.
HEALEY, J., BABBIE, E. and HALLEY, F. 1997. Exploring Social Issues Using SPSS for
Windows. Thousand Oaks: Pine Forge Press.
FRANKFORT-NACHMIAS, C. 1997. Social Statistics for a Diverse Society. London: Pine
Forge (Sage).
VOELKL, K. and GERBER, S. 1999. Using SPSS for Windows: Data Analysis and
Graphics. London: Springer-Verlag. [Covers statistical testing/using SPSS; fairly technical].
There may also still be (tatty) copies of some manuals for SPSS for Windows in the Library (if so, they may be
in SLC shelved within an IT Services Personal Copy section). Though a little dated, these may be as useful as
some of the above texts, and are not necessarily less accessibly written either!
e.g. NORUSIS, M.J. 1993c. SPSS Professional Statistics 6.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc.
See also: NORUSIS, M. 1997. SPSS 7.5 Guide to Data Analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
(Note that texts which are not tied to specific software packages may be a better bet if you're
interested in the statistical tests rather than the computing per se).
Social statistics
Various books cover at least some of the statistical tests covered by module, though they tend
to approach the material in different ways, and there is no single specific book that I would
recommend for purchase. Many of the items listed are intended as (e.g. Rowntree (1981) is
pretty good for basic technical material other than in relation to cross-tabulations; there are
numerous copies of the 1991 reprint in the Library, a slightly amended version was published
in 2000).
REID, S. 1987. Working With Statistics: An Introduction to Quantitative Methods for Social
Scientists. Cambridge: Polity Press. [Readable basic social statistics text, but possibly a bit
statistically lightweight as a consequence!]
6
DIAMOND, I. and JEFFERIES, J. 2000. Beginning Statistics: An Introduction for Social
Scientists. London: Sage. [Useful and accessible introductory text].
WALSH, A. 1990. Statistics for the Social Sciences. New York: Harper and Row. [More
comprehensive but quite technical].
ROWNTREE, D. 1981. Statistics Without Tears: A Primer for Non-Mathematicians.
Harmondsworth: Penguin. [Geared towards the non-mathematical reader; the 1991 reprint is
in the Library but not the 2000 update. The original version was reprinted in 2004 by Allyn &
Bacon (Pearson Education)].
HEALEY, J. 1993. Statistics: A Tool for Social Research (3rd edition). Wadsworth.
HINTON, P. 1995. Statistics Explained. London: Routledge. [Seems fairly user-friendly;
BLALOCK, H. 1981. Social Statistics [Revised 2nd Edn.]. New York: McGraw-Hill. [This is
the ‘classic’ social statistics textbook; fairly extensive but technical and therefore a bit heavy
going! The library has the 1970 and 1972 editions, which are OK, but you may be able to get
a cheap copy of the 1981 edition second-hand].
MARSH, C. 1988. Exploring Data. Cambridge: Polity Press. [No material on statistical
testing; useful material on describing data, looking at tables, etc. Contains potted descriptions
of some important data sources. Useful practical aid to data analysis/presentation?]
CRAMER, D. 1994. Introducing Statistics for Social Research. London: Routledge. [Linked
to SPSS (though not the Windows version); covers a wide range of basic statistical tests].
WRIGHT, D.B. 2002. First Steps in Statistics. London: Sage.
KENT, R. 2001. Data Construction and Data Analysis for Survey Research. Basingstoke:
Palgrave. [Data analysis text that may be useful with regard to project work].
DE VAUS, D. 2002. Analyzing Social Science Data. London: Sage. [Data analysis text that
may be useful with regard to project work].
WOOD, M. 2003. Making Sense of Statistics: A Non-Mathematical Approach. Basingstoke:
Palgrave. [Text which may be helpful to less mathematical students].
GARNER, R. 2005. The Joy of Stats: A Short Guide to Introductory Statistics in the Social
Sciences. London: Broadview Press.
ARON, A., ARON, E.N. and COUPS, E.J. 2007. Statistics for the Behavioral and Social
Sciences: A Brief Course (4th edn). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education International.
WRIGHT, D. 1997. Understanding Statistics: An Introduction for the Social Sciences.
London: Sage. [Interesting coverage of material, but somewhat technical and differs in
emphasis from the module].
LOETHER, H.J. and McTAVISH, D.G. 1993. Descriptive and Inferential Statistics: An
Introduction (4th Edition). London: Allyn and Bacon. [A good, detailed text, but probably
covers too much and goes into too much detail for our purposes].
BLACK, T.R. 1998. Doing Quantitative Research in the Social Sciences: An Integrated
Approach to Research Design, Measurement and Statistics. London: Sage. [Detailed text, but
not particular close to the module in style or emphasis].
CONNOLLY, T. and SLUCKIN, W. 1971. An Introduction to Social Statistics for the Social
Sciences [3rd Edn.]. London: Macmillan. {See also 2nd edition (1962)}. [Old, but sound].
HAYS, W. 1973. Statistics for the Social Sciences (2nd Edition). London: Holt, Rinehart and
Winston. [A personal favourite of mine when viewed as something akin to a work of
reference; the library also has later editions with slightly different titles].
BLAIKIE, N. 2003. Analyzing Quantitative Data: From Description to Explanation. London:
Sage.
7
Other potentially useful texts
*BUCKINGHAM, A. and SAUNDERS, P. 2004. The Survey Methods Workbook.
Cambridge: Polity. [Good coverage of much of the module content].
POLE, C. and LAMPARD, R. 2001. Practical Social Investigation: Qualitative and
Quantitative Methods in Social Research. Harlow: Prentice Hall (Pearson Education).
[Covers a broader range of material than the module but nevertheless contains much of
relevance both in terms of coverage and orientation. May be useful if you do/are doing an
empirically-based dissertation].
BRYMAN, A. 2004/2008. Social Research Methods. (2nd/3rd edition). Oxford: Oxford UP.
Good, wide-ranging general research methods text, 1st edition still useful too].
OPPENHEIM, A. 1992. Questionnaire Design, Interviewing and Attitude Measurement.
New York: Basic Books. [Relatively up-to-date edition of a classic text in this area].
GORARD, S. 2003. Quantitative Methods in Social Science Research. London: Continuum.
[Fairly wide-ranging text].
MARSH, C. 1982. The Survey Method. London: George Allen and Unwin. [Discusses a
range of criticisms of social surveys and defends the survey method against these criticisms].
BRYMAN, A. 1988. Quantity and Quality in Social Research. London: Unwin Hyman.
[Covers in an accessible fashion the philosophical differences and similarities of quantitative
and qualitative approaches to research; also catalogues a range of ways in which researchers
have attempted to combine the two approaches in practice. Less geared towards being an
instruction manual for actual research, but generally very useful].
DORLING, D. and SIMPSON, L. (eds) 1998. Statistics in Society. London: Arnold. [Covers
the uses and limitations of social/official statistics across a range of substantive fields.]
MILLER, R.L. and BREWER, J.D. (eds) 2003. The A-Z of Social Research: A Dictionary of
Key Social Science Research. London: Sage. [Potentially useful for looking up terms, etc.]
CRAMER, D. and HOWITT, D. 2004. The SAGE Dictionary of Statistics. London: Sage.
[Potentially useful for looking up terms, etc.]
LEWIS-BECK, M., BRYMAN, A. and LIAO, T.F. (eds) 2003. The Sage Encyclopedia of
Social Science Research Methods. London: Sage. [Good for looking up terminology, specific
methods, etc.]
JUPP, V. (ed.) 2005. The SAGE Dictionary of Social Research Methods. London: Sage.
8
Other material
Surveys
In addition to the titles listed below, the technical sections of books/reports relating to
specific social surveys are sometimes worth perusing:
MOSER, C. and KALTON, G. 1971. Survey Methods in Social Investigation (2nd edition).
London: Heinemann. [Rather dated and clearly the work of (social) statisticians rather than of
sociologists per se, but has been the standard text on social survey methods for many years
and is both comprehensive and detailed. Reprinted in 1993 {Aldershot: Dartmouth}].
HOINVILLE, G., JOWELL, R. et al. 1978. Survey Research Practice. London: Heinemann
Educational. [A by-product of a well-respected social research organisation, and orientated
towards practical aspects of the design and administration of social surveys].
DE VAUS, D. 2001. Surveys in Social Research. (5th edition). London: UCL Press. [Covers
a broad range of survey-related issues but arguably (as a consequence?) a bit sketchy in
places. Earlier editions, such as the 1st edition (1986) are still relevant].
DE LEEUW, E.D., HOX, J.J. and DILLMAN, D.A. (eds) 2008. International Handbook of
Survey Methodology. Hove: Psychology Press. [Wide-ranging recent text].
ALDRIDGE, A. and LEVINE, K. 2001. Surveying the Social World: Principles and Practice
in Survey Research. Buckingham: Open University Press. [Good text].
SAPSFORD, R. 1999. Survey Research. London: Sage. [Text covering both data collection
and analysis. Lots of interesting content, but organised into chapters in an awkward way;
good as a whole but less good for dipping into in relation to particular topics].
NARDI, P. 2003. Doing Survey Research: A Guide to Quantitative Research Methods.
Harlow: Pearson Education.
BABBIE, E. 1990. Survey Research Methods. London: Wadsworth. [Covers survey design/
implementation & survey analysis; US text with a more ‘scientific’ than sociological flavour].
FINK, A. 1995. The Survey Kit (various volumes). London: Sage.
FOWLER, F. 1993. Survey Research Methods (2nd Edition). London: Sage.
PUNCH, K.F. 2003. Survey Research: The Basics. London: Sage.
CARTWRIGHT, A. and SEALE, C. 1990. The Natural History of a Survey: An Account of
the Methodological Issues Encountered in a Study of Life before Death. London: King
Edward’s Hospital Fund for London.
9
Other potentially relevant material
General research methods
GILBERT, N. (ed.) 2008. Researching Social Life. (3rd edition). London: Sage. [A good,
broad research methods text; the earlier editions are still relevant].
ALASUUTARI, P., BICKMAN, L. and BRANNEN, J. (eds). 2008. The Sage Handbook of
Social Research Methods. London: Sage.
ALLAN, G. and SKINNER, C. (eds) 1991. Handbook for Research Students in the Social
Sciences. London: Falmer Press. [Quite accessible, but packs a lot in and therefore more of a
starting point than anything else].
SAPSFORD, R. and JUPP, V. (eds) 1996. Data Collection and Analysis. London: Sage.
[Good, general text, perhaps better on evaluating research than the practicalities of doing it].
BOWLING, A. 2002. Research Methods in Health: Investigating Health and Health Services
(2nd Edition). Buckingham: Open University Press. [Wide-ranging, emphasis on health].
O’CONNELL-DAVIDSON, J. and LAYDER, D. 1994. Methods, Sex and Madness. London:
Routledge. [Interesting general text].
PUNCH, K.F. 1998. Introduction to Social Research: Quantitative and Qualitative
Approaches. London: Sage. [Fairly broad coverage, including some statistical material].
GRAY, P.S., WILLIAMSON, J.B., KARP, D.A. and DALPHIN, J.R. 2007. The Research
Imagination: An Introduction to Qualitative and Quantitative Methods. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
DEVINE, F. and HEATH, S. 1999. Sociological Research Methods in Context. Basingstoke:
Macmillan. [Contains examples of a range of studies, including the National Survey of
Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles].
SEALE, C. (ed.) 2003. Social Research Methods: A Reader. London: Routledge. [Covers a
wide range of issues, and contains a good number of useful chapters].
WILLIAMS, M. 2002. Making Sense of Social Research. London: Sage.
PAYNE, G. and PAYNE, J. 2004. Key Concepts in Social Research. London: Sage.
Displaying and graphing data
CHAPMAN, M. and WYKES, C. 1996. Plain Figures (2nd Edition). London: TSO.
TUFTE, E.R. 1983. The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Cheshire, CO: Graphics
Press.
HENRY, G. 1995. Graphing Data: Techniques for Display and Analysis. London: Sage.
WALLGREN, A. et al. 1996. Graphing Statistics and Data. London: Sage.
HUFF, D. 1954. How to Lie with Statistics. London: Gollancz.
10
Week 1 (Wednesday)
Background material on measuring/testing for association
in cross-tabulations using the chi-square statistic.
(Note that the following are examples of appropriate readings: Other texts are also likely to
contain relevant material).
REID, S. 1987. [pp106-116]. [This material, within Chapter 7, is available as an online
course extract].
HINTON, P. 1995. [Chapter 19].
CONNOLLY, T. and SLUCKIN, W. 1971. [pp117-136]; 1962 [pp100-117].
HEALEY, J. 1993. [Chapter 11].
ROSE, D. and SULLIVAN, O. 1996. [Chapters 7 & 10].
BRYMAN, A. and CRAMER, D. 1997/2001. [Chapter 8]. [The relevant material from
Chapter 8 is also available as an online course extract].
WALSH, A. 1990. [Chapters 9 and 10]. [The relevant material from Chapter 9 is also
available as an online course extract].
POLE, C. and LAMPARD, R. 2001. [Chapter 9: pp212-224].
BUCKINGHAM, A. and SAUNDERS, P. 2004. [Chapters 8 & 9].
DIAMOND, I. and JEFFERIES, J. 2000. [Chapter 14].
SAPSFORD, R. 1999. [Chapter 9: pp163-169].
CRAMER, D. 1994. [Chapters 5 and 9].
KINNEAR, P. and GRAY, C. 1994/2000. [Chapter 11].
FRUDE, N. 1993. [Chapter 6].
ERICKSON, B. and NOSANCHUK, T. 1992. Understanding Data (2nd Edition).
Buckingham: Open University Press. [Chapter 14].
RUDAS, T. 1998. Odds Ratios in the Analysis of Contingency Tables. London: Sage.
DORLING, D. 2010. ‘Putting men on a pedestal: Nobel prizes as superhuman myths?’,
Significance 7.3: 142-144.
BABBIE, E. and HALLEY, F. 1995. Adventures in Social Research: Data Analysis Using
SPSS for Windows. London: Sage. [Chapters 14 and 15].
FIELDING, J. and GILBERT, N. 2000. [Chapter 9; pp210-213; Chapter 11: pp260-266].
PALLANT, J. 2001. [Chapter 21: pp256-259 {very brief!}].
HO, R. 2006. [Chapter 16.3].
Week 2 (Monday)
The role of multivariate analysis in social explanation
POLE, C. and LAMPARD, R. 2001. [Chapter 9: pp243-246; website].
DE VAUS, D.A. 1986/1996. [Chapters 2 & 3].
BRYMAN, A. and CRAMER, D. 2001. [Chapter 10].
SAPSFORD, R. 1999. [Chapter 9: pp169-175; Chapter 10: pp192-198].
BRYMAN, A. 2001. [Chapter 11: pp231-232].
ROSENBERG, M. 1968. The Logic of Survey Analysis. New York: Basic Books.
NARDI, P. 2003. Doing Survey Research: A Guide to Quantitative Research Methods.
Harlow: Pearson Education. [Chapter 9].
11
Week 2 (Wednesday)
Elaboration and partitioning: three-way tables and
sub-dividing chi-square
MARSH, C. and ELLIOTT, J. 2009. Exploring Data: An Introduction to Data Analysis for
Social Scientists (2nd edition). Cambridge: Polity Press. [Chapter 12 on ‘Three-Variable
Contingency Tables and Beyond’ is available as an online course extract].
DE VAUS, D. 2002. Analyzing Social Science Data. London: Sage. [Chapter 41 on
‘Understanding Bivariate Relationships: the Logic of Elaboration Analysis’ is available
as an online course extract].
REID, S. 1987. [pp125-132].
MARSH, C. 1988. [pp221-260].
DE VAUS, D. 1986. [pp161-170; (1996): pp198-212].
BLALOCK, H. 1981. [pp297-299].
WALSH, A. 1990. [Chapter 11].
HEALEY, J. 1993. [Chapter 17].
POLE, C. and LAMPARD, R. 2001. [Chapter 9: pp222-228].
FIELDING, J. and GILBERT, N. 2000. [Chapter 9: pp215-223].
DE VAUS, D. 2001. Research Design in Social Research. London: Sage. [Chapters 3 & 12].
HELLEVIK, O. 1988. Introduction to Causal Analysis: Exploring Survey Data by
Crosstabulation (2nd edition). Oxford: Norwegian University Press.
EVERITT, B.S. 1992. The Analysis of Contingency Tables (2nd Edition). London: Chapman
and Hall.
BABBIE, E. and HALLEY, F. 1995. Adventures in Social Research: Data Analysis Using
SPSS for Windows. London: Sage. [Chapters 17 to 20].
12
Week 3
Secondary Analysis (and Official Statistics)
Useful reading:
BULMER, M. 1980. ‘Why Don’t Sociologists Make More Use of Official Statistics?’,
Sociology 14: 505-525. [Reprinted in BULMER, M. 1984. Sociological Research Methods
(2nd edition). London: Macmillan].
DALE, A., ARBER, S. and PROCTER, M. 1988. Doing Secondary Analysis. London: Unwin
Hyman. [Chapters 1 to 3]. [SLC Photocopy of Chapter 2]. [Ch. 2 also in SEALE, 2003].
[Chapter 2 is also available as an online course extract].
ALLUM, N. and ARBER, S. 2008. ‘Secondary Analysis of Survey Data’. In GILBERT, N.
(ed.) Researching Social Life (3rd edition). London: Sage. [Chapter 19, pp.372-393].
DALE, A., WATHAN, J. and HIGGINS, V. 2008. ‘Secondary Analysis of Quantitative Data
Sources’. In ALASUUTARI, P., BICKMAN, L. and BRANNEN, J. (eds). 2008. The Sage
Handbook of Social Research Methods. London: Sage. [Chapter 31, pp. 520-535]. [Available
as an online course extract].
SMITH, E. 2008. ‘Pitfalls and Promises: The Use of Secondary Data Analysis in Educational
Research’, British Journal of Educational Studies 56.3: 323-339.
BULMER, M., STURGIS, P. and ALLUM, N. (eds) 2009. The Secondary Analysis of Survey
Data (4 volumes). London: Sage.
LEVITAS, R. and GUY, W. 1996. Interpreting Official Statistics. London: Routledge.
POLE, C. and LAMPARD, R. 2001. [Chapter 7: pp148-151; pp166-188].
GOVERNMENT STATISTICIANS’ COLLECTIVE. 1979. ‘How Official Statistics are
Produced: Views from the Inside’. In IRVINE, J., MILES, I. and EVANS, J. Demystifying
Social Statistics. London: Pluto.
MILES, I. and IRVINE, J. 1979. ‘The Critique of Official Statistics’. In IRVINE, J., MILES,
I. and EVANS, J. Demystifying Social Statistics. London: Pluto.
ROBERTS, H. (ed.) 1990. Women’s Health Counts. London: Routledge. [Chapters by
Macfarlane and Arber].
GILBERT, N. (ed.) 1993. Researching Social Life. London: Sage. [Chapter 13 (by Procter);
Exemplar C (by Ginn)].
BRYMAN, A. 2001. [Chapter 10].
HINDE, A. 1991. ‘Secondary Analysis’. In ALLAN, G. and SKINNER, C. Handbook for
Research Students in the Social Sciences. London: Falmer Press.
SAPSFORD, R. and JUPP, V. (eds) 1996. Data Collection and Analysis. London: Sage.
[Relevant chapters: Thomas: “Statistical Sources and Databases”; Sapsford: “Extracting and
Presenting Statistics”.].
Official Statistics Code of Practice:
http://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/assessment/code-of-practice/index.html
ONS Sexual Identity Project
http://www.ons.gov.uk/about-statistics/measuring-equality/sexual-identity-project/index.html
PAPASOLOMONTOS, C. and CHISTIE, T. 1998. ‘Using national surveys: a review of
secondary analyses with special reference to education’. Educational Research 40.3: 295-310.
SCOTT, J. 2010. ‘Quantitative methods and gender inequalities’, International Journal of
Social Research Methodology 13.3: 223-236.
HOFFERTH, S.L. 2005. ‘Secondary Data Analysis in Family Research’, Journal of Marriage
and Family 67.4: 891-907.
GORARD, S. 2002. ‘The Role of Secondary Data in Combining Methodological
Approaches’, Educational Review 54.3: 231-237.
EAGLE, A. 2007. ‘The Statistics Bill: the Treasury’s view. The goal of continuous
improvement’, Significance 4.3: 130-132.
BYRNE, D. 2002. Interpreting Quantitative Data. London: Sage.
13
HEATON, J. 1998. ‘Secondary analysis of qualitative data’, Social Research Update 22.
[Available at : http://www.soc.surrey.ac.uk/sru/sru.html]
HEATON, J. 2004. Reworking Qualitative Data. London: Sage.
SEALE, C., GOBO, G., GUBRIUM, J.F. and SILVERMAN, D. (eds) 2003. Qualitative
Research Practice. London: Sage. [Chapter by Corti and Thompson].
SIMPSON, S. and DORLING, D. 1994. ‘Those missing millions: implications for social
statistics of non-response to the 1991 census’, Journal of Social Policy 23: 543-567.
Additional references (cited on Week 3 lecture handout):
HOLT, D. 2003. ‘The need for new statistical legislation for the UK’, Journal of the Royal
Statistical Society (Series A) 166.3: 349-367.
HUGHES, C. and COHEN, R.L. 2010. ‘Feminists really do count: the complexity of feminist
methodologies’, International Journal of Social Research Methodology 13.3:189-196.
MILES, A. 1993 ‘How open was nineteenth-century British society? Social mobility and
equality of opportunity, 1839-1914.’ In A. Miles and D. Vincent (eds) Building European
society: Occupational change and social mobility in Europe 1840-1940. Manchester:
Manchester University Press. (pp. 18-39).
SCOTT, J. 2010. ‘Quantitative methods and gender inequalities’, International Journal of
Social Research Methodology 13.3: 223-236.
LAMPARD, R. 1992. An Empirical Study of Marriage and Social Stratification. D.Phil.
thesis: University of Oxford. [In process of being digitised by the Bodleian library in Oxford].
COHEN, R.L, HUGHES, C. and LAMPARD, R. 2011. ‘The Methodological Impact of
Feminism: A Troubling Issue for Sociology?’, Sociology 45.4: 570-586.
Material relating to some significant studies:
PARK, A. et al. (eds) 2008. British Social Attitudes: the 24th report. London: Sage. [And
many earlier years/reports; some shelved as a Social Sciences periodical].
DALE, A. and MARSH, C. (eds) 1993. The 1991 Census User’s Guide. London: HMSO.
WHITE, I. and McLAREN, E. 2009. ‘The 2011 Census taking shape: the selection of topics
and questions’, Population Trends 135: 8-19.
MARTIN, J., MELTZER, H. and ELLIOTT, D. 1988. ‘The Prevalence of Disability among
Adults’, OPCS Surveys of Disability in Britain, Report 1. London: HMSO.
OPCS. 1992. General Household Survey 1990. London: HMSO.
JOHNSON, A. et al. 1994. Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific.
FOGELMAN, K. (ed.) 1983. Growing Up in Great Britain: Papers from the National Child
Development Study. [Chapter 4].
KING, S. and MURRAY, K. 1996 ‘Family and Working Lives Survey: Preliminary Results’,
Labour Market Trends 104.3 (March 1996): 115-119. [Shelved at 41/F (Library 4th Floor)].
DEX, S. and JOSHI, H. 2005. Children of the 21st century. From birth to nine months.
Bristol: Policy Press.
Additional references:
Statistics sources (via the Library):
http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/services/library/main/tealea/lawofficialpublications/statistics/
RIEDEL, M. 2000. Research Strategies for Secondary Data: A Perspective for Criminology
and Criminal Justice. London: Sage.
OFFICE FOR NATIONAL STATISTICS [ONS] 2000. Guide to Official Statistics: 2000
Edition. London: The Stationery Office [Section Ref. 41A, 4th Floor of Library].
MORT, D. 2002. Sources of Non-official UK Statistics (5th edition). Aldershot: Gower.
14
SCOTT, J. 1990. A Matter of Record: Documentary Sources in Social Research. Cambridge:
Polity Press.
DORLING, D. and SIMPSON, L. (eds) 1998. Statistics in Society. London: Arnold.
HINDESS, B. 1973. The Use of Official Statistics in Sociology: A Critique of Positivism and
Ethnomethodology. London: Macmillan.
HAKIM, C. 1982. Secondary Analysis in Social Research: A Guide to Data Sources and
Methods with Examples. London: George Allen and Unwin.
SLATTERY, M. 1986. Official Statistics. London: Tavistock.
MARSH, C. 1988. Exploring Data. Cambridge: Polity Press.
GRAHAM, H. 1982. ‘Do Her Answers Fit His Questions? Women and the Survey Method’.
In GAMARNIKOW, E. et al. (eds) The Public and the Private. London: Heinemann Educ.
CHARLTON, J. et al. 1992. ‘Trends in suicide deaths in England and Wales’, Population
Trends 69: 10-16.
HERKENRATH, M. 2002. ‘Quantitative Cross-National Analysis as a Research Tool in the
Sociology of Developing Countries: A Critical Examination’, Current Sociology 50: 517-30.
COLEMAN, C. and MOYNIHAN, J. 1996. Understanding Crime Data: Haunted by the Dark
Figure. Buckingham: Open University Press.
HASKEY, J. 2000. ‘Projections of the population by ethnic group: a sufficiently interesting
or a definitely necessary exercise to undertake?’, Population Trends 102: 34-40.
Week 4
Regression I: Preliminaries
Background reading on describing and displaying data and on levels of measurement:
REID, S. 1987. [pp33-70].
MARSH, C. 1988. [pp3-23; pp123-156].
DE VAUS, D. 1986. [pp120-128; (1996): pp154-164].
DIAMOND, I. and JEFFERIES, J. 2000. [Chapter 2: pp 6-10; Chapter 3].
POLE, C. and LAMPARD, R. 2001. [Chapter 9: pp211-212].
FIELDING, J. and GILBERT, N. 2000. [Chapter 1: pp14-16].
FIELD, A. 2009. Discovering Statistics Using SPSS (3rd edition). London: Sage. [Chapter 4
on ‘Exploring Data with graphs’ is available as an online course extract].
SARANTAKOS, S. 2007. A Tool Kit for Quantitative Data Analysis. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
[Chapter 5 on ‘Data Analysis: Graphic Presentations’ is available as an online course
extract].
Background reading on summary statistics:
CRAMER, D. 1998. Fundamental Statistics for Social Research. London: Routledge.
[Chapter 2 on ‘Measurement and Univariate Analysis’ is available as an online course
extract’].
REID, S. 1987. [pp71-85].
DIAMOND, I. and JEFFERIES, J. 2000. [Chapters 4 & 5]. [Chapter 5 is available as an
online course extract].
CONNOLLY, T. and SLUCKIN, W. 1971. [pp23-57]; 1962. [pp18-49].
MARSH, C. 1988. [pp24-41].
ROWNTREE, D. 1981. [Chapter 3].
DE VAUS, D. 1986. [pp105-119; (1996): pp137-153].
FIELDING, J. and GILBERT, N. 2000. [Chapter 5].
ROSE, D. and SULLIVAN, O. 1996. [Chapters 5 & 6].
15
BRYMAN, A. and CRAMER, D. 1997/2001. [Chapter 5].
WALSH, A. 1990. [Chapters 2 and 3].
CRAMER, D. 1994. [Chapter 2].
KINNEAR, P. and GRAY, C. 1994/2000. [Chapter 4].
FRUDE, N. 1993. [Chapter 6].
ERICKSON, B. and NOSANCHUK, T. 1992. Understanding Data (2nd Edition).
Buckingham: Open University Press. [Chapter 3].
Background reading on sampling distributions/statistical testing:
ARGYROUS, G. 2005. Statistics for research: with a guide to SPSS (2nd ed.). Thousand
Oaks, CA: Sage. [Chapter 11: ‘The normal curve’ is available as an online course
extract.]
ROWNTREE, D. 1981. [Chapters 4 & 5].
DIAMOND, I. and JEFFERIES, J. 2000. [Chap. 6: 84-93; Chap. 7-11; Chap. 12: 153-8].
REID, S. 1987. [pp86-105].
HINTON, P. 1995. [Chapters 4 to 6 and 9].
CONNOLLY, T. and SLUCKIN, W. 1971. [pp73-106]; 1962. [pp64-90].
MOSER, C. and KALTON, G. 1971. [pp53-78].
BLALOCK, H. 1981. [pp149-166].
POLE, C. and LAMPARD, R. 2001. [Chapter 3: pp46-49 & pp54-65].
BUCKINGHAM, A. and SAUNDERS, P. 2004. [Chapter 9].
FIELDING, J. and GILBERT, N. 2000. [Chapters 7, 10 & 11].
HO, R. 2006. [Chapter 1].
STUART, A. 1984. The Ideas of Sampling. High Wycombe: Griffin.
ROSE, D. and SULLIVAN, O. 1996. [Chapter 9].
BRYMAN, A. and CRAMER, D. 1997/2001. [Chapter 6].
WALSH, A. 1990. [Chapters 4, 5 and 6].
LOETHER, H.J. and McTAVISH, D.G. 1993. [Chapter 12].
CRAMER, D. 1994. [Chapter 4].
ERICKSON, B. and NOSANCHUK, T. 1992. Understanding Data (2nd Edition).
Buckingham: Open University Press. [Chapters 7 to 9]
Background reading on some basis features of SPSS
PALLANT, J. 2007. SPSS Survival Manual (3rd edition): A Step-By-Step Guide to Data
Analysis Using SPSS (Version 15). Maidenhead: Open University Press. [Chapter 4 on
‘Creating a data file and entering data’ is available as an online course extract].
HUIZINGH, E. 2007. Applied Statistics with SPSS. London: Sage. [Chapter 12 on
‘Describing your data’ is available as an online course extract].
BABBIE, E.R., HALLEY, F. and ZAINO, J. 2000. Adventures in Social Research: Data
Analysis Using SPSS for Windows 95/98 (4th Edition). London: Sage (Pine Forge Press).
[Chapter 7 ‘Recoding Your Data: Religiosity and Political Orientations’ is available as
an online course extract].
EINSPRUCH, E.L. 1998. An Introductory Guide to SPSS for Windows. London: Sage.
[Chapter 4 on ‘Data Manipulation’ is available as an online course extract].
[See also Weeks 5 and 6 for correlation-related readings]
16
Weeks 5 and 6
complications
Regression II and III: Multiple regression, assumptions and
DIAMOND, I. and JEFFERIES, J. 2000. [Chapter 13].
REID, S. 1987. [pp119-124; pp132-142].
HINTON, P. 1995. [Chapters 20 and 21].
CONNOLLY, T. and SLUCKIN, W. 1971. [pp137-168]; 1962. [pp118-153].
MARSH, C. 1988. [pp180-198; pp199-219].
DE VAUS, D. 1986. [pp138-149; (1996): pp173-185].
ROSE, D. and SULLIVAN, O. 1996. [Chapter 8].
BRYMAN, A. and CRAMER, D. 1997/2001. [Chapters 8 & 10].
WALSH, A. 1990. [Chapters 12, 13 and 14].
POLE, C. and LAMPARD, R. 2001. [Chapter 9: pp235-240].
BUCKINGHAM, A. and SAUNDERS, P. 2004. [Chapters 8 & 10]. [Chapter 10 is available
as an online course extract].
GARNER, R. 2005. The Joy of Stats. London: Broadview Press. [Chapter 4 is available as
an online course extract].
TARLING, R. 2008. Statistical Modelling for Social Researchers: Principles and Practice.
London: Routledge. [Chapter 4].
ROWNTREE, D. 1981. [Chapter 8].
CRAMER, D. 2003. Advanced Quantitative Data Analysis. Buckingham: Open Univ. Press.
NARDI, P. 2003. Doing Survey Research: A Guide to Quantitative Research Methods.
Harlow: Pearson Education. [Chapter 9].
CRAMER, D. 1994. [Chapters 10 and 11].
KINNEAR, P. and GRAY, C. 1994/2000. [Chapters 11 and 12].
SAPSFORD, R. 1999. [Chapter 10: pp176-184; pp188-191].
FRUDE, N. 1993. [Chapter 11].
ERICKSON, B. and NOSANCHUK, T. 1992. Understanding Data (2nd Edition).
Buckingham: Open University Press. [Chapters 13, 19 and 20].
DALE, A., FIELDHOUSE, E. and HOLDSWORTH, C. 2000. Analyzing Census Microdata.
London: Arnold. [Chapter 7: pp146-174]. [Chapter 7 is available as an online course
extract].
MILES, J. and SHEVLIN, M. 2000. Applying Regression and Correlation: A Guide for
Students and Researchers. London: Sage.
WRIGHT, D. 1997. [Chapters 5 and 8].
LEWIS-BECK, M. (ed.) (1993) Regression Analysis. London: Sage.
ALLISON, P. 1999. Multiple Regression: A Primer. London: Sage (Pine Forge).
KLEINBAUM, D., KUPPER, L. and MULLER, K. 1978. Applied Regression Analysis and
other Multivariate Methods. North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press.
DRAPER, N. and SMITH, H. 1998. Applied Regression Analysis (3rd Edition). New York:
Wiley.
COHEN, J., and COHEN, P. 1983. Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the
Behavioral Sciences (2nd edition). Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
WEISBERG, S. 1995. Applied Linear Regression (2nd Edition). New York: Wiley.
FREEDMAN, D.A. 2005. Statistical Models: Theory and Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press. [Regression/path models]
17
SPSS-related readings
BABBIE, E. and HALLEY, F. 1995. Adventures in Social Research: Data Analysis Using
SPSS for Windows. London: Sage. [Chapter 14].
FIELDING, J. and GILBERT, N. 2000. [Chapter 6: pp134-137; Chapter 8; Chapter 12].
[Chapter 12 is available as an online course extract].
PALLANT, J. 2001. [Chapters 11 & 13].
MUIJS, D. 2004. [Chapter 9].
HO, R. 2006. [Chapters 10, 11 and 14].
Weeks 7 and 8
Logistic regression
KINNEAR, P. and GRAY, C. 2000. [Chapter 14].
GEORGE, D. and MALLERY, P. 2002. SPSS for Windows Step-by-Step: A Simple Guide
and Reference, 11.0 Update (4th edition). Allyn & Bacon. [Chapter 25].
TARLING, R. 2008. Statistical Modelling for Social Researchers: Principles and Practice.
London: Routledge. [Chapter 5].
CRAMER, D. 2003. Advanced Quantitative Data Analysis. Buckingham: Open Univ. Press.
GILBERT, G.N. 1993. Analysing Tabular Data: Loglinear and Logistic Models for Social
Researchers. London: UCL Press.
PAMPEL, F.C. 2000. Logistic Regression: A Primer. London: Sage.
MENARD, S. 2001. Applied Logistic Regression Analysis (2nd Edition). London: Sage.
[Also 1st edition, 1995].
SAPSFORD, R. 1999. [Chapter 11].
KLEINBAUM, D. 1994. Logistic Regression: A Self-Learning Text. New York: SpringerVerlag. [Quite technical: listed primarily for future reference].
COX, D.R. and SNELL, E.J. 1989. The Analysis of Binary Data (2nd Edition). London:
Chapman and Hall. [The classic (technical) statistical text covering logistic regression; listed
primarily for future reference].
WALSH, A. 1990. [Chapter 15].
JACCARD, J. 2001. Interaction Effects in Logistic Regression. London: Sage. (QASS).
MARSH, C. and ELLIOTT, J. 2009. Exploring Data: An Introduction to Data Analysis for
Social Scientists (2nd edition). Cambridge: Polity Press. [Chapter 12: pp.254-276 is
available as an online course extract].
BOROOAH, V.K. 2002. Logit and Probit: Ordered and Multinomial Models. London: Sage.
AGRESTI, A. 1996. An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis. New York: Wiley.
HOSMER, D.W. and LEMESHOW, S. 1989. Applied Logistic Regression. New York:
Wiley.
CHRISTENSEN, R. 1997. Log-linear models and logistic regression (2nd ed.) New York:
Springer.
18
Weeks 8 and 9
Log-linear models
ROSE, D. and SULLIVAN, O. 1996. [Chapter 11].
FIELDING, J. and GILBERT, N. 2006. Understanding Social Statistics (2nd edition)
London: Sage. [Chapter 12: pp.278-307].
GRAY C.D. and KINNEAR, P.R. 2011. IBM SPSS 19 Made Simple. Hove: Psychology
Press. [Chapter 13].
FOSTER, J.J., BARKUS, E. and YAVORSKY, C. 2005. Understanding and Using Advanced
Statistics: A Practical Guide for Students. London: Sage. [Chapter 4 is available as an
online course extract].
COLMAN, A. and PULFORD, B. 2008. A Crash Course in SPSS for Windows: updated for
versions 14, 15, and 16 (4th edition). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. [Chapter 13].
GEORGE, D. and MALLERY, P. 2002. SPSS for Windows Step-by-Step: A Simple Guide
and Reference, 11.0 Update (4th edition). Allyn & Bacon. [Chapter 26].
CRAMER, D. 2003. Advanced Quantitative Data Analysis. Buckingham: Open Univ. Press.
[Chapter 14].
PAYNE, C., PAYNE, J. and HEATH, A. 1994. ‘Modelling Trends in Multiway Tables’. In
DALE, A. and DAVIES, R. (eds.) Analyzing Social and Political Change: A Casebook of
Methods. London: Sage.
GILBERT, G.N. 1981. Modelling Society: An Introduction to Loglinear Analysis for Social
Researchers. London: George Allen and Unwin. [An attempt to make the log-linear model, an
important statistical technique which is commonly perceived to be difficult to get to grips
with, accessible to a wider range of social researchers].
GILBERT, G.N. 1993. Analysing Tabular Data: Loglinear and Logistic Models for Social
Researchers. London: UCL Press. [Revised version of the previous item].
FIENBERG, S.E. 1977. The Analysis of Cross-Classified Data. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT
Press. [A classic, technical text on log-linear models]
FINGLETON, B. 1984. Models of category counts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[Another technical text in the area of log-linear models].
TARLING, R. 2008. Statistical Modelling for Social Researchers: Principles and Practice.
London: Routledge. [Chapter 3 on ‘Statistical preliminaries’ is available as an online
course extract].
POLE, C. and LAMPARD, R. 2002. Practical Social Investigation: Qualitative and
Quantitative Methods in Social Research. Harlow: Prentice Hall (Pearson Education).
[Chapter 9: pp225-228].
RUDAS, T. 1998. Odds Ratios in the Analysis of Contingency Tables. London: Sage.
Week 10
Issues relating to complex sample designs
N.B. More specific readings for this week’s topic will be provided during or before Week 10.
Background reading on survey design and implementation:
MOSER, C. and KALTON, G. 1971. [pp79-187].
BABBIE, E. 1990. [Chapters 5 and 6].
HOINVILLE, G., JOWELL, R. et al. 1978. [Chapter 4 on sampling: pp55-89]. [Chapter 6 by
Airey on fieldwork is available as an online course extract].
GILBERT, N. (ed.) 2008. Researching Social Life. (3rd edition). London: Sage. [Chapter 9
by Sturgis on ‘Designing Samples’ is available as an online course extract].
DE VAUS, D. 1986. [pp52-69; (1996): pp60-79; pp106-125]. [SLC Photocopy of Chapter 6
on sampling].
19
GILBERT, N. (ed.) 1993. [Chapter 5 (by Arber)].
POLE, C. and LAMPARD, R. 2001. [Chapter 3; Chapter 2: pp25-31; Chapter 5: pp112-117].
[Chapter 3 on ‘Suitable samples’ is available as an online course extract].
CORBETTA, P. 2003. Social research: theory, methods and techniques. London: Sage.
[Chapter on ‘The survey’ is available as an online course extract].
BUCKINGHAM, A. AND SAUNDERS, P. 2004. [Chapter 4].
SAPSFORD, R. 1999. [Chapter 3 {parts}; Chapter 4].
ALDRIDGE, A. and LEVINE, K. 2001. [Chapters 4 & 5; Chapter 1: pp17-21].
BRYMAN, A. 2001. [Chapters 4 & 2].
MAY, T. 2001. Social research: issues, methods and process (3rd edn). Maidenhead: Open
University Press. [Chapter 5 on ‘Social surveys: design to analysis’ is available as an
online course extract].
RUSPINI, E. 2002. An Introduction to Longitudinal Research. London: Routledge.
ROSE, D. (ed.) 2000. Researching Social and Economic Change: The Use of Household
Panel Studies. London: Routledge.
References on research design and sampling:
HEDGES, B. 1978. ‘Sampling minority populations’. In WILSON, M. (ed.) Social and
educational research in action. Harlow: Longman. [Good example of a situation where
standard sampling techniques are problematic].
GOYDER, J. 1987. The Silent Minority: Nonrespondents on sample surveys. Cambridge:
Polity Press. [Focuses on one, important issue; glance at it rather than read it word-by-word!]
GRAY, R., CAMPANELLI, P., DEEPCHAND, K. and PRESCOTT-CLARKE, P. 1996.
‘Exploring Survey Non-Response - The Effect of Attrition on a Follow-Up of the 1984-85
Health and Lifestyle Survey’, The Statistician 45.2: 163-183.
MAISEL, R. and PERSELL, C. 1996. How Sampling Works. Thousand Oaks: Pine Forge.
COCHRAN, W. 1977. Sampling Techniques [3rd edition]. New York: Wiley. [Standard
statistical text; good as a technical handbook but not exactly bed-time reading].
KISH, L. 1965. Survey Sampling. London: Wiley.
HAKIM, C. 1987. Research Design. London: Unwin Hyman. [pp26-35; pp135-145;
Considers a range of different types of large-scale quantitative study].
GROVES, R. 1989. Survey Errors and Survey Costs. New York: Wiley.
BULMER, M., BALES, K. and SKLAR, K. 1991. The Social Survey in Historical
Perspective 1880-1940. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
BLAIKIE, N. 2000. Designing Social Research. Cambridge: Polity Press.
BECHHOFER, F. and PATERSON, L. 2000. Principles of Research Design in the Social
Sciences. London: Routledge.
DE VAUS, D. 2001. Research Design in Social Research. London: Sage.
FOX, J., MURRAY, C. and WARM, A. 2003. ‘Conducting research using web-based
questionnaires: practical, methodological, and ethical considerations’, International Journal of
Social Research Methodology 6.2: 167-180.
SEALE, C. (ed.) 2003. Social Research Methods: A Reader. London: Routledge. [Chapter by
Sheehan and Hey on on-line surveys].
SELM, M. and JANKOWSKI, N.W. 2006. ‘Conducting Online Surveys’, Quality and
Quantity 40.3: 435-456.
20
References relating to examples of surveys:
WADSWORTH, J. et al. 1993. ‘Methodology of the National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and
Lifestyles’, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Series A) 156.3: 407-421.
WELLINGS, K. et al. 1994. Sexual Behaviour in Britain: The National Survey of Sexual
Attitudes and Lifestyles. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
JOHNSON, A. et al. 1994. Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific.
STANLEY, L. 1995. Sex Surveyed 1949-1994: From Mass-Observation’s ‘Little Kinsey’ to
the National Survey and the Hite Reports. London: Taylor and Francis Ltd.
DEVINE, F. and HEATH, S. 1999. Sociological Research Methods in Context. Basingstoke:
Macmillan. [Chapter 6].
BUCK, N. et al. 1994. Changing Households: The British Household Panel Study 1990-1992.
Colchester: ESRC Research Centre on Microsocial Change in Britain.
BERTHOUD, R. and GERSHUNY, J. (eds) 2000. Seven years in the lives of British families:
Evidence on the dynamics of social change from the British Household Panel Survey. Bristol:
The Policy Press. [Website: http://www.iser.essex.ac.uk/bhps/]
Survey interviewing
MOSER, C. and KALTON, G. 1971. [pp270-302].
BABBIE, E. 1990. [Chapters 10].
HOINVILLE, G., JOWELL, R. et al. 1978. [Chapter 5].
POLE, C. and LAMPARD, R. 2001. [Chapter 6].
BRYMAN, A. 2001. [Chapters 5 and 15].
GOMM, R. 2004. Social Research Methodology: A Critical Introduction. Basingstoke:
Palgrave. [Chapter 8 compares qualitative and quantitative interviews].
CATANAI, J. et al. 1996. ‘Effects of interviewer gender, interviewer choice and item
wording on responses to questions concerning sexual behaviour’, Public Opinion Quarterly
60.3: 345-375.
GOBO, G. 2006. ‘Set Them Free: Improving Data Quality by Broadening the Interviewer’s
Tasks’, International Journal of Social Research Methodology 9.4: 279-302.
MARTIN, J. and MANNERS, T. 1995. ‘Computer assisted personal interviewing in survey
research’. In Lee, R. (ed.) Information Technology for the Social Scientist. London: UCL
Press.
ANDERSON, B., SILVER, B. and ABRAMSON, P. 1988. ‘The Effects of the Race of the
Interviewer on Race-Related Attitudes of Black Respondents in SRC/CPS National election
Studies’, Public Opinion Quarterly 52: 289-324.
LAVIN, D. and MAYNARD, D.W. 2001. ‘Standardization vs. Rapport: Respondent Laughter
and Interviewer Reaction during Telephone Surveys’, American Sociological Review, 66.3:
453-479.
STYLIANOU, S. 2008. ‘Interview Control Questions’, International Journal of Social
Research Methodology 11.3: 239–256.
MORTON-WILLIAMS, J. 1993. Interviewing Approaches. Aldershot: Dartmouth.
McCROSSAN, L. 1991. A Handbook for Interviewers. London: OPCS/HMSO.
SEALE, C. (ed.) 2003. Social Research Methods: A Reader. London: Routledge. [Chapters
by Jones and by Oakley].
GILLHAM, B. 2005. Research Interviewing: A Practical Guide. Maidenhead: Open UP.
21
Week 11
Operationalising concepts
Key readings:
DE VAUS, D. 1986. [pp39-51; pp187-196; (1996): pp47-59; pp233-248].
POLE, C. and LAMPARD, R. 2001. [Chapter 5: pp95-102; pp117-124].
BURGESS, R. (ed.) 1986. Key Variables in Social Investigation. London: Routledge and
Kegan Paul. [esp. chapter by Marsh on social class and occupation].
ROSE, G. 1982. Deciphering Sociological Research. London: Macmillan. [Chapter 3].
Additional references:
BRYMAN, A. 2004/2008. Social Research Methods. (2nd/3rd edition). Oxford: Oxford UP.
[Chapter 11 on ‘Structured Observation’ is available as an online course extract].
ALDRIDGE, A. and LEVINE, K. 2001. [Chapter 2: pp32-41; Chapter 7].
SAPSFORD, R. 1999. [Chapters 5 & 6 {parts}; Chapter 7].
HOINVILLE, G., JOWELL, R. et al. 1978. [pp155-181].
BRYMAN, A. 2001. [Chapter 3: pp65-74].
BRYMAN, A. and CRAMER, D. 2001. [Chapter 4].
PROCTER, M. 1993. ‘Measuring attitudes’. In Gilbert, N. (ed.) Researching Social Life.
London: Sage.
BULMER, M. 1982. The Uses of Social Research: Social Investigation in Public PolicyMaking. London: George Allen and Unwin. [pp50-79].
OPPENHEIM, A. 1992. Questionnaire Design and Attitude Measurement. Aldershot: Gower.
SHAW, M., GALOBARDES, B., LAWLOR, D.A., LYNCH, J., WHEELER, B. and DAVEY
SMITH, G. 2007. The handbook of inequality and socioeconomic position: Concepts and
measures. Bristol: Policy Press.
NÍ BHROLCHÁIN, M. 1990. ‘The ethnicity question for the 1991 Census: background and
issues’, Ethnic and Racial Studies 13.4: 542-567.
ASPINALL, P.J. 2000. ‘The New 2001 Census question set on cultural characteristics: is it
useful for the monitoring of the health status of people from ethnic groups in Britain?’,
Ethnicity and Health 5.1: 33-40.
BURTON, J., NANDI, A. and PLATT, L. 2010. ‘Measuring ethnicity: challenges and
opportunities for survey research’, Ethnic and Racial Studies 33.8: 1332-1349.
FRANKFORT-NACHMIAS, C. and NACHMIAS, D. 1992. Research Methods in the Social
Sciences [4th Edition]. Sevenoaks: Edward Arnold. [Chapter 18].
GIDDENS, A. 1992. The Transformation of Intimacy: Sexuality, Love and Eroticism in
Modern Societies. Cambridge: Polity.
JAMIESON, L. 1998. Intimacy: Personal Relationships in Modern Societies. Cambridge:
Polity.
GROSS, N. and SIMMONS, S. 2002. ‘Intimacy as a double-edged phenomenon? An
empirical test of Giddens’, Social Forces 81.2: 531-555.
Readings on social class:
Operationalizing class
ROSE, D. and O’REILLY, K. (eds) 1997. Constructing Classes: Towards a New Social
Classification for the UK. Swindon: ESRC/Office for National Statistics.
ROBERTS, K. 2001. Class in Modern Britain. Basingstoke: Palgrave. [Chapter 2 on class
schemae, including NS-SEC]. [Chapter 2 is available as an online course extract].
22
ROSE, D. and PEVALIN, D. 2002. A Researcher’s Guide to the National Statistics Socioeconomic Classification. London: Sage.
ROSE, D., PEVALIN, D.J. and O’REILLY, K. 2005. The National Statistics Socio-Economic
Classification: Origins, Development and Use. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Web pages relating to new classification:
http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/classifications/current-standardclassifications/soc2010/index.html
CRAIG, P. and FORBES, J. 2005. ‘Social position and health: are old and new occupational
classifications interchangeable?’, Journal of Biosocial Science 37.1: 89-106.
DONKIN, A., LEE, Y.H. and TOSON, B. 2002. ‘Implications of changes in the UK social
and occupational classifications in 2001 for vital statistics’, Population Trends 107: 23-29.
ROSE, D. and HARRISON, E. 2007. ‘The European Socio-Economic Classification: A New
Social Class Schema for Comparative European Research’, European Societies 9.3: 459-490.
GOLDTHORPE, J.H. 1987. Social Mobility and Class Structure in Modern Britain [2nd
edition]. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
PRANDY, K. 1990. ‘The Revised Cambridge Scale of Occupations’, Sociology 24.4: 629-55.
WRIGHT, E.O. 1985. Classes. London: Verso.
MARSHALL, G., ROSE, D., NEWBY, H. and VOGLER, C. 1988. Social Class in Modern
Britain. London: Hutchinson. [Chapter 2 & Coda].
GOLDTHORPE, J.H. and HOPE, K.E. 1974. The Social Grading of Occupations. Oxford:
Clarendon Press.
OPCS (Office of Population Censuses and Surveys). 1991. Standard Occupational
Classification (3 volumes). London: HMSO. [Library 4th Floor, Reference section, Ref. 41F].
I.L.O. 1990. International Standard Classification of Occupations. ILO.
CROMPTON, R. 2008. Class and Stratification (3rd edition). Cambridge: Polity. [Chapter 3;
see also 1993/1998 1st/2nd editions].
BREEN, R. and ROTTMAN, D. 1994 Class Stratification: A Comparative Perspective.
Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf. [Chapter 4].
EDGELL, S. 1993. Class (Key Concept in Sociology). London: Routledge. [Chapter 2].
RUNCIMAN, W.G. 1990, ‘How Many Classes are there in Contemporary British Society?’,
Sociology 24.3: 377-396.
STEWART, A., PRANDY, K. and BLACKBURN, R.M. 1980. Social Stratification and
Occupations. London: Macmillan.
CHAN, T.W. and GOLDTHORPE, J.H. 2007. ‘Class and Status: The Conceptual Distinction
and its Empirical Relevance’, American Sociological Review 72.4: 512-532.
OESCH, D. 2006. Redrawing the Class Map: Stratification and Institutions in Britain,
Germany, Sweden and Switzerland. Basingstoke: Palgrave. [Chapter 5].
BURROWS, R. and GANE, N. 2006. ‘Geodemographics, Software and Class’, Sociology
40.5: 793-812.
LAMPARD, R. 2007. ‘Is Social Mobility an Echo of Educational Mobility? Parents’
Educations and Occupations and their Children’s Occupational Attainment’, Sociological
Research Online 12.5.
TǺHLIN, M. 2007. ‘Class Clues’, European Sociological Review 23.5: 557-572.
Le ROUX, B., ROUANET, H., SAVAGE, M. and WARDE, A. 2008. ‘Challenging Class:
Class and Cultural Division in the UK’, Sociology 42.6: 1049-1071.
23
Operationalizing women’s class
ABBOTT, P. and SAPSFORD, R. 1987. Women and Social Class. London: Tavistock. [Ch.
1].
ROBERTS, H. 1993. ‘The women and class debate’. In MORGAN, D. and STANLEY, L.
(eds) Debates in Sociology. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
WALBY, S. 1986. ‘Gender, Class and Stratification’. In CROMPTON, R. and MANN, M.
(eds) Gender and Stratification. Cambridge: Polity Press.
DUKE, V. and EDGELL, S. 1987. ‘The operationalisation of class in British sociology:
theoretical and empirical considerations’, British Journal of Sociology 38.4: 445-463.
BONNEY, N. 2007. ‘Gender, employment and social class’, Work, Employment and Society
21.1: 143-155.
Week 12
Interpreting published articles based on multivariate analyses
GIRDEN, E.R. 1996. Evaluating Research Articles from Start to Finish. London: Sage. [Esp.
Chapter 4].
SAPSFORD, R. 1999. [Chapter 8].
Examples
CHATZITHEOCHARI, S. and ARBER, S. 2009. ‘Lack of sleep, work and the long hours
culture: evidence from the UK Time Use Survey’, Work, Employment and Society 23.1: 3048.
WEINBERGER, M.I., HOFSTEIN, Y. and KRAUSS WHITBOURNE, S. 2008. ‘Intimacy in
young adulthood as a predictor of divorce in midlife’, Personal Relationships 15: 551-557.
PAMPEL, F.C. 2009. ‘The Persistence of Educational Disparities in Smoking’, Social
Problems 56.3: 526-542.
LEE, H.J., ELO, I.T., MCCOLLUM, K.F. and CULHANE, J.F. 2009. ‘Racial/Ethnic
Differences in Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration Among Low-Income Inner-City
Mothers’, Social Science Quarterly 90.5: 1251-1271.
Week 13
Index construction (and research instrument design more generally)
DeVELLIS, R.F. 2003. Scale Development: Theory and Applications. (2nd ed.). London:
Sage.
MOSER, C. and KALTON, G. 1971. [pp303-376].
DE VAUS, D. 1986. [pp70-94; (1996): pp80-105; 249-275].
HOINVILLE, G., JOWELL, R. et al. 1978. [pp27-54].
BABBIE, E. 1990. [Chapters 7 to 9].
GILBERT, N. (ed.) 1993. [Chapter 6 (by Newell)].
POLE, C. and LAMPARD, R. 2001. [Chapter 5: pp102-111].
ALDRIDGE, A. and LEVINE, K. 2001. [Chapter 6; Chapter 3: pp51-58]. [Chapter 3 is
available as an online course extract].
DE VAUS, D. 2001. Surveys in Social Research. (5th edition). London: UCL Press.
[Chapter 7 on ‘Constructing questionnaires’ is available as an online course extract].
BRYMAN, A. 2001. [Chapter 6 & 7].
SAPSFORD, R. 1999. [Chapters 5 & 6 {parts}].
BUCKINGHAM, A. and SAUNDERS, P. 2004. [Chapters 3 & 5].
OPPENHEIM, A. 1992. Questionnaire Design and Attitude Measurement. Aldershot: Gower.
CONVERSE, J. and PRESSER, S. 1986. Survey Questions: Handcrafting the standardized
questionnaire. Beverly Hills: Sage.
PETERSON, R.A. 2000. Constructing Effective Questionnaires. London: Sage.
FODDY, W. 1993. Constructing Questions for Interviews and Questionnaires: Theory and
Practice in Social Research. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
24
FOWLER, F. 1995. Improving Survey Questions: Design and Evaluation. Thousand Oaks,
CA.: Sage.
SUDMAN, S. and BRADBURN, N. 1982. Asking Questions: A Practical Guide to
Questionnaire Design. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
GOVERNMENT STATISTICAL SERVICE. 1995. Harmonised Questions for Government
Social Surveys. London: HMSO. [Library 4th Floor, (Official) Statistics section, 41 N 30:
(19)95-391-1]. See also: http://www.statistics.gov.uk/harmony/
MORTON-WILLIAMS, J. 1978. ‘Unstructured Design Work’. In HOINVILLE, G. et al.
Survey Research Practice. Aldershot: Gower.
HALFPENNY, P., PARTHEMORE, J., TAYLOR, J. and WILSON, I. 1992. ‘A knowledge
based system to provide intelligent support for writing questionnaires’. In WESTLAKE, A. et
al. (eds) Survey and Statistical Computing. London: North Holland. [Available from me].
BELSON, W. 1981. The Design and Understanding of Survey Questions. Aldershot: Gower.
Note that some important questionnaires can be viewed via the Question Bank web pages on
the Internet, the site address being as follows:
http://surveynet.ac.uk/sqb/
Friendship
ALLAN, G. 1989. Friendship: Developing a Sociological Perspective. Hemel Hempstead:
Harvester Wheatsheaf.
NARDI, P. 1992. Men’s friendships. London: Sage.
O'CONNOR, P. 1992. Friendships between women. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester
Wheatsheaf.
KALMIJN, M. 2002. ‘Sex segregation of friendship networks - Individual and structural
determinants of having cross-sex friends’, European Sociological Review 18.1: 101-117.
PAHL, R. 2002. ‘Towards a more significant sociology of friendship’, Archives Europeennes
de Sociologie 43.3: 410-423. [Available online].
SPENCER, L. and PAHL, R. 2006. Re-thinking Friendship: Hidden Solidarities Today.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
PAHL, R. and PEVALIN, D.J. 2005. ‘Between family and friends: a longitudinal study of
friendship choice’, British Journal of Sociology 56.3: 433-450.
Additional material relating to friendship (and masculinity) can be found on the web
pages corresponding to the module
Masculinity/femininity
ANNANDALE, E. and HUNT, K. 1990. ‘Masculinity, femininity and sex: an exploration of
their relative contribution to explaining gender differences in health’, Sociology of Health and
Illness 12.1: 24-46.
SPENCE, J. and HELMREICH, R. 1978. Masculinity and Femininity: Their Psychological
Dimensions, Correlates and Antecedents. Austin: University of Texas Press.
ERICKSON, R.J. 2005. ‘Why emotion work matters: sex, gender, and the division of
household labor.’ Journal of Marriage and Family 67.2: 337-351.
MacDONALD, M. 1995. Representing Women: Myths of Femininity in the Popular Media.
London: Hodder Arnold.
Disability and psychological well-being
ABBERLEY, P. 1996. ‘Disabled by Numbers’. In Levitas, R. and Guy, W. (eds) Interpreting
Official Statistics. London: Routledge.
GOLDBERG, D. and BLACKWELL, B. 1970. ‘Psychiatric illness in general practice: a
detailed study using a new method of case identification [i.e. the General Health
Questionnaire]’, British Medical Journal 2: 439-443.
25
Week 14
Analysing means I: (Extending) Analysis of Variance
HINTON, P. et al. 2004. Statistics Explained (2nd edn.) London: Routledge. [Chapters 8-9].
BRYMAN, A. and CRAMER, D. 1997/2001. [Chapter 7].
WALSH, A. 1990. [Chapter 7].
POLE, C. and LAMPARD, R. 2001. [Chapter 9: pp229-235].
CRAMER, D. 1994. [Chapter 7].
KINNEAR, P. and GRAY, C. 1994/2000. [Chapters 7 and 8].
CRAMER, D. 2003. Advanced Quantitative Data Analysis. Buckingham: Open University
Press. [Chapters 10 and 12].
PALLANT, J. 2010. SPSS survival manual : a step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS
(4th edition). Maidenhead: Open University Press. [Chapters 18 & 19].
HO, R. 2006. [Chapters 6 and 7].
FIELD, A. 2009. Discovering Statistics Using SPSS (3rd edn.) London: Sage. [Chapter 12].
Week 15
Analysing means II: Nonparametric techniques
NEAVE, H.R. and WORTHINGTON, P.L. 1988. Distribution-Free Tests. London:
Routledge.
FIELD, A. 2009. Discovering Statistics Using SPSS (3rd edn.) London: Sage. [Chapter 12].
HO, R. 2006. [Chapter 16].
HINTON, P. et al. 2004. Statistics Explained (2nd edn.) London: Routledge. [Chapters 10-11].
Week 16
[READING WEEK]
Week 17
Survival analysis/Event history analysis
Life tables: Technical descriptions
HINDE, A. 1998. Demographic Methods. London: Arnold. [Chapter 4].
NEWELL, C. 1988. Methods and Models in Demography. London: Belhaven. [Chapter 6].
COX, D.R. 1972. ‘Regression Models and Life-Tables’, Journal of the Royal Statistical
Society (Series B: Methodological) 34.2: 187–220
LAMPARD, R. and PEGGS, K. 1999. ‘Repartnering: the relevance of parenthood and gender
to cohabitation and remarriage among the formerly married’, British Journal of Sociology
50.3: 443-465.
KLEINBAUM, D. 2005. Survival Analysis: A Self-Learning Text (2nd ed.). New York:
Springer.
VERMUNT, J. 1997. Log-Linear Models for Event Histories. London: Sage.
HOSMER, D.W. and LEMESHOW, S. 1999. Applied Survival Analysis: Regression
Modelling of Time to Event Data. New York: Wiley.
YAMAGUCHI, K. 1991. Event History Analysis. London: Sage.
BLOSSFELD, H-P., HAMERLE, A. and MAYER, K.U. 1989. Event History Analysis:
Statistical Theory and Application in the Social Sciences. Hillside, NJ.: L. Erlbaum
Associates.
BLOSSFELD, H-P. and ROHWER, G. 1995. Techniques of event history modeling: new
approaches to causal analysis. Mahwah, NJ.: Lawrence. Erlbaum Associates.
MAYER, K.U. (ed.) 1990. Event History Analysis in Life-Course Research. Madison:
Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press.
COX, D.R. and OAKES, D. 1984. The Analysis of Survival Data. London: Chapman and
Hall.
26
Week 18
Measuring association and inequality
Odds Ratios
Technical descriptions: GILBERT, G.N. 1993. Analysing Tabular Data: Loglinear and
Logistic Models for Social Researchers. London: UCL Press.
RUDAS, T. 1998. Odds Ratios in the Analysis of Contingency Tables. London: Sage.
Applications: GOLDTHORPE, J.H. 1987. Social Mobility and Class Structure in Modern
Britain. (2nd edition). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
READING, R. 1997. ‘Social disadvantage and infection in childhood’, Sociology of Health
and Illness, 19.4: 395-414.
Lorenz Curves and the Gini Coefficient
Technical descriptions: MARSH, C. 1988. Exploring Data. Cambridge: Polity Press. [pp7895].
ATKINSON, A.B. 1983. The Economics of Inequality. (2nd edition). Oxford: Clarendon
Press.
Applications: ATKINSON, A.B. (ed.) 1980. Wealth, Income and Inequality. (2nd edition).
Oxford: Oxford University Press. [Chapters 6 and 7].
Le GRAND, J. and RABIN, M. 1986. ‘Trends in British health inequality, 1931-1983’. In
CULYER, A. and JONSSON, B. (eds) Public and Private Health Services:
Complementarities and Conflicts. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
See also: LAMPARD, R. 1994. ‘Comment on Blackburn, Jarman and Siltanen: Marginal
Matching and the Gini Coefficient’, Work, Employment and Society, 8.3: 407-411. [Relates
to the use of the Gini coefficient to measure occupational segregation].
Two debates relating to the measurement of ‘inequality’
SAUNDERS, P. 1995. ‘Might Britain be a Meritocracy?’, Sociology 29.1: 23-41.
MARSHALL, G. and SWIFT, A. 1996. ‘Merits and Mobility: a Reply to Peter Saunders’,
Sociology 30.2: 375-386.
SAUNDERS, P. 1997. ‘Social Mobility in Britain: an empirical evaluation of two competing
explanations’, Sociology 31.2: 261-88.
BREEN, R and GOLDTHORPE, J. 1999 ‘Class inequality and meritocracy: a critique of
Saunders and an alternative analysis’, British Journal of Sociology 5.1: 1-27.
HELLEVIK, O. 1997. ‘Class Inequality and Egalitarian Reform’, Acta Sociologica 40.4:
377–397.
MARSHALL, G. and SWIFT, A. 1999. ‘On the Meaning and Measurement of Inequality’,
Acta Sociologica 42.3: 241-250.
HELLEVIK, O. 2000. ‘A Less Biased Allocation Mechanism’, Acta Sociologica 43.1: 81–83.
RINGEN, S. 2000. ‘Inequality and Its Measurement.’ Acta Sociologica 43.1: 84.
MARSHALL, G. and SWIFT, A. 2000. ‘Reply to Ringen and Hellevik’, Acta Sociologica
43.1: 85.
LAMPARD, R. 2000. ‘Measuring inequality in a cross-tabulation with ordered categories:
from the Gini coefficient to the Tog coefficient’, International Journal of Social Research
Methodology, 3.1: 1-14..
HELLEVIK, O. 2002. ‘Inequality versus Association in Educational Attainment Research:
Comment on Kivinen, Ahola and Hedman’, Acta Sociologica 45.2: 151–8.
RINGEN S. 2006. ‘The Truth about Class Inequality’, Sociologicky casopis (Czech
Sociological Review) 42.3: 475-491. [Available via: http://sreview.soc.cas.cz/en/archive].
27
Week 19
Other multivariate techniques: Clustering and scaling
Multivariate analysis (various techniques)
MANLY, B.F.J. 2005. Multivariate Statistical Methods: A Primer (3rd edition). London:
Chapman and Hall.
CHATFIELD, C. and COLLINS, A.J. 1980. Introduction to Multivariate Analysis. London:
Chapman and Hall.
BARTHOLOMEW, D.J., STEELE, F., MOUSTAKI, I. and GALBRAITH, J.I. 2008,
Analysis of Multivariate Social Science Data (2nd edition). London: Chapman and Hall.
KRZANOWSKI, W. 2000. Principles of Multivariate Analysis: A User’s Perspective.
(Revised edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
EVERITT, B.S. and DUNN, G. 1991. Applied Multivariate Data Analysis. London: Arnold.
Correspondence analysis
GREENACRE, M. 2007. Correspondence Analysis in Practice (2nd edition). London:
Chapman and Hall.
Cluster analysis
EVERITT, B.S. 1993. Cluster Analysis (3rd edn.) London: Edward Arnold [+ other editions].
Multidimensional scaling
KRUSKAL, J.B., and WISH, M. 1978. Multidimensional scaling. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
COX, T. and COX, M. 2001. Multidimensional Scaling (2nd edn.). London: Chapman and
Hall.
COXON, A.P.M. 1982. The User’s Guide to Multidimensional Scaling, with special
reference to the MDS (X) library of computer programs. London: Heinemann Educational.
Week 20
A glimpse beyond the module: Extensions to earlier techniques
Extensions of logistic regression
HOSMER, D.W. and LEMESHOW, S. 2000. Applied Logistic Regression (2nd edition). New
York: Wiley.
AGRESTI, A. 2002. Categorical data analysis (2nd edition). New York : Wiley.
LONG, J.S. 1997. Regression models of categorical and limited dependent variables.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Multi-level models
LUKE, D.A. 2004. Multilevel Modeling (QASS No. 143). London: Sage.
GOLDSTEIN, H. 2007. ‘Becoming familiar with multilevel modelling’, Significance 4.3:
133-5.
HECK, R.H. and THOMAS, S.L. 2009. An Introduction to Multilevel Modelling Techniques
(2nd edition). New York: Routledge.
HECK, R.H., THOMAS, S.L. and TABATA, L.N. 2010. Multilevel and longitudinal
modeling with PASW/SPSS. New York: Routledge.
HECK, R.H., THOMAS, S.L. and TABATA, L.N. 2012. Multilevel modeling of categorical
outcomes using IBM SPSS. New York: Routledge.
SNIJDERS, T and BOSKER, R. 2012. Multilevel Analysis. An introduction to basic and
advanced multilevel modeling (2nd edition). London: Sage
HOX, J. 2010. Multilevel analysis: Techniques and applications (2nd edn.) New York:
Routledge.
GELMAN, A. and HILL, J. 2007. Data Analysis Using Regression and
Multilevel/Hierarchical Models. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
PLEWIS, I. 1997. Statistics in Education. London: Arnold. [Including multi-level models].
GOLDSTEIN, H. 1995. Multilevel Statistical Models (2nd Edition). London: Edward Arnold.
See also http://www.cmm.bristol.ac.uk/.
28