Radiant heating installations in Montana by Leroy C Horpedahl
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Radiant heating installations in Montana
by Leroy C Horpedahl
A THESIS Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requiremenrs for the degree
of Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering
Montana State University
© Copyright by Leroy C Horpedahl (1950)
Abstract:
Radiant heating is not something very new. The Romans used it over 2,000 years ago, but it was not
until 1908 that it was put on a commercial basis. There are many methods of supplying this form of
heat to a dwelling. It may be done by passing hot air through ducts in floors, walls, or ceilings, or it
may be accomplished by means of passing hot water through pipes in the same areas. This thesis
concerns only the latter.
Montana State College was granted a sum of $5,000 by the Danforth Foundation to be used toward the
erection of a campus chapel. Various departments have volunteered their services, both professional
and manual, to help make this chapel a reality at a minimum cost and at a maximum of student interest.
My contribution is the complete design of a radiant heating system for the chapel which is included in
this thesis.
Radiant floor panels used with hardwood floors have been the desire of many citizens, hence a
complete design and cost analysis is given with such a construction. This has been constructed and is in
satisfactory operation.
Much can he learned from the mistakes and suggestions of others, hence a survey of radiant heating
installations in Montana is included in this thesis. In connection with the survey, several inquiries were
made concerning proper floor coverings to use with heated floors, The results of the research conducted
on various types of floor coverings are also included in this thesis.
All calculations in this thesis were performed on a slide rule.
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Rev. 9/94
R&DI&NT BBA2IRG IRSTALIATIQRS
IR MORTARA
by
LEROY C. HORfBDABL
A THESIS
SubmLtilled to the Graduate Baculty
la
partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
Master of Selsnoe In Moohanleal .Engineering
Montana State
GmS^anj" Ei:SaIiffng“SoSmrtte©
Jaxiy' Graduate/DlrisIon
-2-
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT................ ...................... . ......... 3
RADINAT 1-EATING DESIGN FOR OANFORTH CHAPEL................. It.
Calculations using g-" tubing.......................... 5
General specifications................................ .
Calculations using 3/t " tubing,.......................
Layout of control system......... ....... ............ icj
Layout of panels using V> tubing.
............... ....20
Layout of panels using 3A " tubing.................... 21
Elevation views of Danforth Chapel.................... 22
RADIANT FLOOR PANELS /ITH VOOD FLOORS
Calculations................ ...
Construction...................
Cost analysis..................
Layout of control system.............................. 38
Layout of panels using short headers.................. 39
Layout of panels using long l eaders.... ..............
SURVEY OF MONTANA INSTALLATIONS............................ !p.
FLOOR COVERINGS OVER RADIANT PANELS........................ 55
LITERATURE CONSULTED....................................... 59
Ar iENDIa ................................................... .
9 4 6 #
'
Eadtairb heating Ig-. not .something very neWt. The Eomans
used it oven E5OOO yeans ago, but it was not until 1908 that it
was put on -a eamjaienoial basis* There are many methods of
supplying this form of heat to & deoiling* l t m a y b<& dona.by
passing hot air through duets: in floors, Walls5 or ceilings* or
it may be accompli shed by means of passing hot water through
pipes in the same areas„ This thesis concerns only the latter*
Montana State College was granted a sum of §5a000 by the
Panforth Foundation to be used toward the erection of a campus
chapel* Various departments have volunteered their services,
both professional and manual* to help make this.chapel a real­
ity at a minimum cost and at a maximum of student interest* My
contribution is the complete design, of a radiant heating system
for the chapel which is included in this thesis*
Radiant floor panels used with hardwood floors have been
the desire of many citizens* hence a complete design, and cost
analysis Is given with .such a construction* This has been
constructed and is in satisfactory operation*
Much can be learned from the mistakes and suggestions of
others* hence a survey -of radiant heating installations in
Montana is included in this thesis* In connection with the
survey* several inquiries were made concerning proper floor
coverings to use with heated floors*. The results, of the re­
search conducted on various types of floor coverings are also
included in this thesis*
All calculations in this thesis were performed on a slide
rule*
.A R&DIAMT EE&TIRG 8ZB37EM PQR A PROPOSED
DAI'JFORJPI O M i 5SL OH THE OAMPHS OF MOHTAM SfATS GOLLBG-E
In tlie design, Ole any building in Montanal9 careful con*alderatlon must ba given to the type of heating system used
with respeet to oost, msintalneaoe* and the ability to heat
during extreme weather conditions => In a more specific cases
such as the design of a chapel^ other conditions must also be
Included, such as quietness of operation^, comfort^ and earIuslon of elewenta which would tend to deviate from the modern­
istic theme of the contemporary chapel*
With these restrlc-
tions in mind, radiant heating was suggested and the following
do r>xfin. Is proposed*
&7o complete systems are shown a -one with
copper tubing and the other with 3/%." copper tubing.
selection of the
The
tubing system was chosen because of the
better heat distribution in the concrete floor with shorter
spacing distances» Also9 the cost was slightly less*
The first step in any heating design is to calculate the
heat loss of the building*
In radiant Installations* it la
necessary to break up the heat losses into each individual
room because the amount of panel installed in each room is a
function of the heat loss for that particular room*.
In this
particular case, recommendations for insulation and windows
were made in conjunction with the heat loss calculations at
the request of the architecto Heat loss calculations for both
single and double glass windows .were made to determine whether
single glass would be feasible e As the calculations which
follow show jj it would not be ix^aetieal here in Mcmtmia to use
the single glass over such a large area0 First of all* frost
formations would oeeur on the window with the resulting
moisture on the walls and floor below*
Secondly^ it would he
impossible to heat this chapel under extreme conditions with
just a floor panel using radiant heat without exceeding an
8^ °F floor temperature'o Wall or ceiling panels were not eon*
sidered in this design because of the nature of their eon*
Struetion0
She heat loss calculations with the necessary recornaend^
at ions and assumptions ^ follow 0
All heat transfer coeffi­
cients (XT) and resistances (R) were taken from the A SHFE
Guide (19^9)«
Heat !,ess Calculations
Ac Sanctuary and entry
I 0 Celling
R
Inside air film**
oo .
0 ,****«,»
0O'0 no 0 e O1e o. » e 0 &0 0 e0 0
000 O
% = 1/20*173 = 0*05 Btu/hr-3g,fto-*P
Ceiling area =
53 % 22*| « 2 z 6 * 5 n 2|- s 2| ~ lli|.9 sq* ft*.
Iieat loss * 1149 22 o05 % 90q * 5160 Btu/hr
~6~
2o- Walls
H
I^xsj»c3-@ aX p xaIxn#
^ @».o*^ ^ *» .ft * Q 0.6 0 6
2^y^32
» fro-# #“
0--*0*** **»* * *#**-ftft-.ft.ft*ft ... 1,055
25/32-" pine she athing»,,*&*,**. ,,*..*,.,. ,.* 0,98
I-Jp XiiILXX0X'ClI xjOOl o».0ft*f
t
.
-f
t
-oftO-ft**« *iiftft-O.e-a,oi.*#»ftftftl-l|-O80
25/ 32” pine sheathing»«.*■»
0,0 ft. Oft98
25^^32 ^peclv/ooci0jo."*-*»a.< dft>*ft*e »* a.**0** -0* 0.ft, 1.055
Qntstdle aap
^ v ^ o. o. on** #-o- o^ a 0 - »^n- oo »- *.ft. 0.167
« ' H
U = 1/1 9.6^3 = o05l Btu/kr-aq.fta- F
Wall apea
9& % 33.5 + 9& x 19 + 9i a 22*5 = 713 ea. ft.
Beat, loss > 713 x .051 Z .90 = 3270 Btn/hr
3. Doors (assnmed thickness I 3/l|.rf)
B = 0,51 Btu/hr~sq,ft.*F
Door area = 7 x 3 5 21 sq.eft»
Beat loss = 2 a 21 x *51 x 90 = 1928 Btu/hr
l{_. Stained glass window
Tl
1 ,13 BW/Br-sq.ft,-*P
Area - 9/ xc 6 = 57 sq.ft.
Beat loss = 57 % 1*13 x 90 = 5^800 Btn/hr
5« Skylights
U = »45 BtuZhr-SQftft00Bt
Area = 5 X 2*5 X 2*5 ~ 31.25 sq.ft*
Beat loss = 31.25 x .45 x 90 F 1,265 Btu/hr
6, Glass wall area.
. 1
Area"^ 6-J x 43 t 2-| x 50 = 4^4 sq. ft..
(Assuming the use of double glass)"
U - »45 Btu/hr-sq.ft.-°F
-7“
Heat lass
hol\. x ,i(-5' x 90 = l6>350 Btu/hr
7» Infiltration-— oracle method
Windows
Factor for average windownon-weather stripped—
39=3 cu. ft0/it. crack/hr
Two.. „ . 2-|-1 x 3 { " 22 ft. of crack
One... f.2%-* x 5 f = lj3 ft. of crack
Total.............. «37 ft.
37 % 39« 3 = I W t cu. ft^/hr
Doors
Factor..».,110.5 on* ft./ft. crack/hr
Two doors... .3 ’ x 7 1 - lf.0 ft. of crack
IpO x 110.5 " l^i{-20 cu. ft./hr
Total = I ^
f Wt20 = 5^874- an, ft^/hr
Volume of sanctuary and entry
1180 X 10 = 11,800 CU. ft.
This only gives -J air change per hr.4 therefore^
assume I air change per hr.
Heat loss = 11S:8QO x *018 x 90 = 19 a100 Btu/hr
m e r e *018 % .2^ x .075
and »;2k “ specific heat of air
.075 ~ density of air^ Ihs./cu. ft.
8., Floor (ground loss)
Heat loss a Btu/hr
Gorlxng. •00. *.. ».* * c»........ »».,*»...
WallS . . . . » 0 0 . .
. » » e .. . .
..»*, *
Doors
.
.
Stained glass window.»„...»............
5l8o
3270
I92S
5800
-8~
U-I^SS u?a3.X» esite.
1262
O6eefreeceeee^gfl ,16320
IllfXeX 'fcl’atios® e # e » » e e « » » e 4 , .
i © cal g e *» » « »ji„„ „, »•,
,19100
»»<,»,,-»<,.**»».«,»o
Btaa/lii5'
A-S-Sujne ground loss 15^ of total heat loss?.
12# s 22873 = 7930 Btu/hr
rotal % 7930 f 22873 a 6o»8o3 Btu/hr'
B» Sacristy
I 0 Gelling area
Area = 17 z 11& - 7 x 3 - l6o sq0 ft*
G “ o05 Btu/hr - sq.» ft* -,*?
Heat loss ^ l6o x &02 X 90 = 720. Btu/hr
S0 Wall area
Area = 11& z 9%. 4 & %
+ 10& % %
G = *05l Btu/hr w S q 11 ft*
4 261 sq. ft*
''
Boor area = 21 aq. ft.
Window area a 21 sq* ft.
.
•. ■
(Total area.s 261 - 21 - 21 = 219 aq. ft.
Heat loss - 219 x »O/l x 90 = 1000 Btu/hr
3 o- Door area
Area = 21 aq* ft*
G - »51 Btu/hr ~ sq» ft* -°P
Heat Ioaa = 21 x »21 % go = 96%. Btu/hr
'-i-» Window area (assume double glass)
Area = 2& % 8# a 21 aq* ft*
G = *1x2 Btu/hr * sq. ft, -°F
Heat loss = 21 x Ji$ x 90 = 820 Btu/hr
5t> Infiltration— crack.method
Windows
Factor— -39«3 on. ft./ft, crack/hr
One.....2/' x 2*|**' — 9^2 ft. of crack
39*3 % 9*3 = 373 on. ft.
Doors
Factor-— 111./ -Cd* ft«/ft,, crack/hr
One.*.*.3 *" x 7 + = 20 ft. of crack
110.2 s 20 = 2210 cu. ft.
Total % 373 + 2210'= 2283 on. ft,/hr
Volume of sacristy = 160 x 1.0 = l600 eu* ft.
Orack method gives approximately two air changes
per hr.
Use Infiltration by .crack method for
heat loss.
Beat loss = *018 a 2283 % 90 - # 9 0 Btn/hr
6. Floor (ground loss}
Beat Iossj. Btu/hr
OoxImg
720
Walls
* . « * * * . . . a * . * . . * * . * . , - * * . * . * - , . . 9 1000
Do ors ... no» * . * . * . # . **...*.. o- 9hlx
V^mdOVTS,
39O
Imxltration. * a
*. ** o*♦ a *.*.**.. I4.I90
Total
~'J'J/TC Dtu/nx
.
*
O
0
.
*
.
.
- I A - O
.
.
*
*
* , * . .
A
*
*
* »
O
0
0
0
a
*
*
0
* . . » , * <
*
A *
* 1, .
A *
*
*
.
A *
.
*
.
.
.
A *
*
.
»
*: *
*
.
.
o
. . *
o
o
O
- O O
a
*
* .... *
0
Assume ground loss = 12# of total heat loss
12# x 7724 == 1128 Btu/hr
Total % 772^ + 1128 % 8882 Btu/hr
Total Beat Loss For Chapel
Assumed Use of Double Blass in Bast Wall
Sanctuary and entrance
10
0 ©
'6 » ti- e d o a
2 Q1 vlftSt-Li^ o o tf»
■fr
o d-dd'o'd
tf-
e o o o o odd
O d d d e
oo - a e . 6 - o d < |"'0 Oito.ddO
O
i!)O-O-^0 o o » -a o d * * * ttd o, e e -<i d ti er d o ft d d- o d
.Stained glass v/indow^ o******** ^8OO
Slc^w-vL-Xg^l.tjS1oe- e otie *r o o*iO- » d-ditotin Ao d I2l0^'
I
O o
O iI a s s
Ta
I n f i l t r a t i o n * * , * * * » . ,
v/all
A# o*
^ o o »
8 D
^ l O O r o-a 0 e d o
p a o
o^osioaao
a * e 0 A d a e -O o a , * o o e * a a
1 9 1 0 0
T 9 1 0
J?oval &0 **a d o »» 0 * Oj» doe AO* a * do* 0 800 OI 33xi%/lir
Saerlety
1
d
2 a
OOXlXXl^ 0
d- ti i>-£• ft ft ti -* »■ ,0' fr ti *'»
I'^ 1 1 S a * * » t i - o r d e «
34
oe d a e
ft 0
0 e: 0 0. a 't
o o o o Aftodftfto
OOO r B a ' A f t o f t e - f t A f t o o e o - f t o a o
» o e e-
»a
720
1000
a b
V J l n d O ^ T S >d e a eft. ft O ft ft oftft' ft O o o d V f t f t f t f t e
5<. Infll tration* •* + ******* v,*^*'**-,
6 ^“Floor d ft o ft A 0 ft ft ft c. 0 a 6-o * 0. «. ft ft o d * f l * 0
Total 0 d o ft- a 0 «>. • ft O -ft o 0 e ft a o d e d 0 d e f t d-
!{1 9 0
1158
3: Btu/hr
Total heat Iosa0* » * * * » t f « * * « o « « » o * 69,685 Btu/hr
Total Heat Hoas For Ohapel
Assumed W e of Single Glass in Fast Wall
Sanotuary and entrance
5160
1928
3270
5800
5
S h y I X g i l t S o d e o o - o o o o o o 'oeOoOo-oft-o-o
1265
8-o GlxXSS wall OooegfrOo eg oOfrfrfr 000Oo- IpLlOO
7 0 Infxltration-o 0,0 ©0- o-o-o o.0 0 oo-°-00 -0 & 19100
O e r la a ig p
I o
o
* * o @»#
*■ # » ^ o < » o # @ 0 0 0 0 0
-OOOrS o , O 0 O o O O O e d o o O g
O d O O O -O 1-O.
3 O
IfifallsO O O O o O O O O O o - O Q O Of 0 O- >0 O O O 0-0 O o
Ito Stained glass win-doe0«,-»«..0..*.*,0
2-0
6
CF
F l O O r S
t i o - O f r O - o o o f r d o f r O - o - O f - g - o -O- 0 - 0 0 ' 0 0 6
Total 0
OQ- 0 O g- 0 0 0
0 OOfrOO
Btu/hr
O O ' O f r O O o-0 0 - 0
Sacristy
Oexling O f r O f r f r O - O 0-0 - 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 -6 f r f r O o O O O
0 Vfalls O o o 0 O 0 -O O O f r o OfrfrO- O O frfrd O O O O-ADoors O o ofr o f r f r o d O o d o e ofrfr.ofr 0 0 d . f r O O
I 0
d
3
720
1000
<b
If 0
xndon? Sfrfr
O O - O f r g f r f r f r O a-fr-fro-fr-d-fr-poofr-fr
5 0 Infxl u-raxxon ©0°*00 *«♦■ og,0o»0 *.t* % 190
6
0
F lO O r o . o f r f r o o f r f r f r f r . f r f r - o o f r f r o o o f r - o o a e o
1158
T O vul O o f r o
8882 Btu/hr
-O- frOo-frfri f r f r t t o o o o O-Ofr -O- * 0 0 6
Total heat loss 6 a
a a ® -e v *
a o*a
0
9 4 > W 5 Btu/hr
-IiDealgik of Ploop Panels
Hotel
Heat losses based on the use of double glass'in all
windows except stained glass mural*
Design temperature of water is U O r F with a 20*F temperature drop through the circuit*
•■
Depth of burp Is 2 inches *
A 0 Floor panel -
copper- tube 9" and. 6 ft 0*0»
I*. Sanctuarj and entry
Heat less - 60803 Btu/hr
Panel rating used = $0 Btu/hr-sq*. ft*
Floor panel area required -■ 60803 9 50 - 1215 sq, ft.
Actual floor area = ll60 sq* ft*
Use i I! copper tube 9 n and. S n 0*0*
Length of tube required » I0I3.O x 1*3 - 1352 ft*
120 x 2^0 = 2^0 ft*
Total**
e • e « o '«
9
« 0- « -0 «-
0
«0«>
4
*..*** 1592 ft*
2* Sacristy
Heat loss - 8882 Btu/hr
■
Panel rating used = 50 Btu/hr - sq* ft*
Floor panel area required ~ 888-2 r 50 “ 177 sq* ft*
Actual floor area ” 182 sq* ft*
Use
copper tube 9 H °»C0
Length, of tube required ~ .162 x 1*3 ~ 210 ft*
Total length of tube, required - 1592 t 210 - 1002 ft,
3* Circuits
Uoe oirouito of approaiimtaly 180 feet*
Mo* of circuits = 1802 * 180 = I^Approzlmatoly
Circuit #10„
r?
ir
a
f«o-o«dfoeoOOCO OO0OO0 18k Pt*
a-oOb'OOOCti-OOO-OOOOOOO 186 n
u
o o » oo-teco o Q» ocot t t eooo 173
ecteoooooooo. ^coe-oooo
181 n
Mf-DCf>oofoo O O Q - o p t i r o p o p - a o t i O t e t e - o - o c 170 ii
t
u.Co <> o- o o <>
O O O 1O P ^ O t e O O O 0 P Cr O oteteo
186 r?
?/'To o o e o o o o C f t e o t e o t e o o t e o t e t e o o o o t e 185 I?
IQl Il
ofiotitetyteOtkxko-teteooote-c-te
>y'9O aOti,ti-OO t e o t e o ^ o t e - o t e o o t e O t e A O o o 182 If
v/lO OGOOO o b- o O o O if c tete O'te^te-O - O O t e O 166 if
^JotalO O O Ote-teO-teteteOteCtete-teCftO-OOte
Ptx
o- y- e o
fi?
H D o- o o o <j o
-<
U
is
U
n
si
M
t?
N -C
o - =e o
ti
O
a
‘/ / ' 3
O
fi: o
e
tf
!!-o Supply nnd return hoadors
il.5<3 2" Ur0 I» pipe.-, If. ft a long oaohc
5 o Pump
Tj.oo 1-|M standaixl or l|-tt Mgli head
6 o ITater boat or
RociQBBnend use of hot water comforter similar to
dOif.-li as supplied by General Fittings Oo0 and
rated at lt.7O oq# ft. of hot water radiation (5 lb*
stooati)„
7 6 Valroo
Use stop and waste valves on the return header to
facilitate removal of air during the filling operation*
Dao gate valves on the supply header*
?be general apoclfieatioua, H a t of materials, and
cost fGllcnfO0
General Speolfieatiauaa
Beat Ioaa from the chapel is based an the insulation
quantities given 'beloiw
Any deviation trill possibly change
the entire s e t - u p heneo strict adherence is advised for aat**
lofaotory operation of the heating Systos0
I0 Insulation:
(1) Oeilingoa O-O^m rock wool or equivalent
(2 ) Walls® <.<>.«a
rock wool or equivalent
(3 ) FlooroaaaaaI tt fiber glass insulation at opposed
perimeter of slab® Extend 3 s inside along the
rack Wall0
II,a. Windows:
(I) Sanctuary„«„„double glowing throughout of a
^thormopaneN nature^ three operating -sections^
one over each door approximately 2 * 6 ” x 3 4 Orr
and on© in the end bay approximately 2 8 6 H %
2'
0".
(B) Skylights6ti®0.double glass (I8n airspace}®
(3 ) SacrIsty00&«„double glasingj one operating
section approximately 2 r 3 ff x 2 1 Gnc
IIl0
Poors?
(I) All doors are flush wood doors I"3Atn thick®
IF0 Floors z
(I) Ihe floor is to be constructed of a V 5 concrete
slab poured on. 6 !,t crashed rock or extremely coarse
gravel®
The floor must be poured separately from
the foundation and may havo- a concrete surface
finiSh5 tile^ linoleum5 or wood nailed to sleepers
embedded in the concrete®
it
A 3A A copper' tubing supply and return line
shall bo imbedded in the concrete from the heating
roomcto the east wall to be used with radiant base­
board* along the east wall of windows should it
become necessary.
VI.
Construction of the heating system will be done
b y the student# taking the radiant heating course
during the fall quarter under the direction of
Dr. Et F, Mulllkln* if agreeable.
VII. Bill of material* and cost;
I circulator (!&" atd. or 1&" high haad)....$ %9»00
I Indoor thermostat (Perfex line voltage)...
11»5>0
I converter (almllar to 00^*^* General
Fittings Co.)....
73.20
I floating thermostatic trap ( 3 / % $ . * ) ^ . 1 ^ . 0 0
I temperature regulator (no. 9 2 @~LC
Fulton Sylphoa^li*).........
80.00
I expansion tank (20 gal* ) • . . . . * * # . • .
16•00
I automatio air vont•••»«••••*•«••••***•••«•
10 shut—off valves (1/ 2 ®)* ........* *.**«.*«♦•*. *
l«30
13 •50
10 stop and waste valves ( l / 2 " 1 $ . 0 0
I supply W a d e r ()#. ft. of 2* W*I. plpe)^....
^.00
I return header U|. ft* of 2* W.I. pipe).....
$.00
ft. of 3/%" copper tubing type L........
20.00
90
I check valve
»»««••••••••••»•• ««•*«.
6.00
I reducing valv# and I relief valve
(combined)
I altitude gage (thermometer included)......
1800 ft. of i* copper tubing type
12.00
7*$0
282.00
4. shut-off valve*
^0*00
30 ft..
water pipe ® ^2^ per ft.*...*..*
12*60
Mxseel3.anions elbows, tees, etc ........... 8
IO0OO
fJ1Ou a I
V illa
O
O O O f l O O O O
O
O O
O
O O C O e
O f l O
fl
I,
O f l C C O O f l o O
O O
»
^O O 6 O O
O O
D
The prises quoted above are subject to edueatio&al discounts which can be received If ordered
through the Mechanical Engineering Department.
I3C.
The return header will be located In a pit
slightly b e l o w .the floor level to facilitate drainlag the system*
A sewer outlet will be located, in
the pit.
X*
:
The headers may be located along the north wall
instead, of the south wall as shown on the drawing.*
This will help prevent excessive heat in the utility
room.
Xltt
•
At each joint in the concrete, wrap each tube with
felt or some cloth-like material to prevent the tubes
from shearing off due to ground movement 0
Floor panel— 3/%" copper tube 12" and 9" 0,0.
I. Sanctuary and entry
Panel rating ■« j?0 Btu/hr
Heat loss and panel area same as with i-n tube P
Length of tube required - 9li„0 x I
200 % 1.3 *
T o ba l
c> 0 f l o o o . o 0
» on
o oo o
fl fl O O
so o .
9ii0 ft a
260 ft
1*200 ' f t
2o SaG&la&jr
Hoat Z033 and panel area oamo &o %ltb
tube
&@mgth of tube roqalzvd. = 162 a I = 162 fto
#otal length = 1 2 0 0 * 162 - 1362 ft*
3* Olroultg
Hoo G ircu ltg o f approzhuatoly 2&0 f t *
Ho0 Ox c i r c u i t a «* 1362 4 2S0 s approxim ately 5
O x r c t L i ‘0
,/Io o«croaai>oyiroa,oe»t>Q».cia-ao(y
2 7 9
f t
<3
^
-;'i-2 «
........
oAA
s.............
»e ooti.tiooco
SQO tf
Ei
!fjP*ooeott^o-ooiS Ooqfeo-Obtao-Qb 00
^
n
<
1
Q
6
O
O<ty0
0
4
0
t
k
O
e
O
9
C
t
i
o
x
y
v
oo
O
^
n
>/'5Q»6*0.0,6 16«Oo-OtiO OO.titiOOQ«O.O1 273 ^
l
IlOtnlo OtiO Otioabootbooa*otb% Gq eo&odo-IjyJt X1
Oo
4 o Supply and return imadors
0ac Stl Wti Xa p Ip o^ ii. ft a ©aeh
Je
I3ISiip
Woo 1§" Otandard or 1%" high hood
6* Water hoator
Hocoiiinicmd 1100 of hot vator coiwortor similar to
no* GGk-.^ ao supplied by Goaeral Fittings Go, and
rated at ^70 ag» ft* of hot trator radiation (J lb.
otoam*
7o Valwoa
Hoo atop and %aoto valvos on tho rotura. header to
facilitate removal of air during tho filling opera­
tion* Hso goto valvoa on the supply hoador*
Sbc coma gonorul spoolfloatiana ulll bo used for the 3/^"
tubing ao for tho &" tubing*
17
Llmt of material* and eomt;
I olrmulmtor
mtd* or 1^* M g h heed) B & &*..***..$ ^9*00
I indoor thmrmomtmt (Perfmx line v o l t a g * 1 1 * $ 0
I oonrartmr (mimllar to GG^-4* General Fitting# Co****
73*20
I floating thermoetatio trap UA")*.***....*.***..*** ' 4*00
I temperature regulator (no* 928-LG Fulton Sylphon-I^"
80*00
I expansion tank (20 gal*
16*00
I automati* air v
e
n
t
*
.
!$.*30
6 shut-off v&lv©a (3 A ” )*«.•*•***«»*•*•«*.»»»**»•*.*• *
11 *00
6 atop and w&afe® valyas* ••#•**•*«*•* «****».......... * **
12. 00
I supply header (% ft* of 2" #* I. pip#)*.*..*.*.**.*.
2*00
I return header (4 ft. of 2" #* I* pip#)**.*...*..*.**
2*00
1490 ft* o f 3/ 4 * sapper tubing type L
*
.
.
332*00
I check yalwa C1%" )*.*** ............ *.*## •* ***.*.*.«.*.
6*00
I reducing Tale# and relief *al*a (combined) &"..*.***
12.00
I altitude gage (thermometer included)*.....*..*,.**.*
7*20
4 8at# valwem (1"& ).* ***.**.. ##.***. **,
#..
4o* 00
per ft*.*....***.*.*.*****
12*60
Mlmeellaneoum teem, elbow#, ete.......................
10.00
30 ft* !&" eater pipe @
Total.
,1691*10
The coat of material# far the two #y#tema 1# slightly in
favor of the &* myatem, tut the added labor would put both of
Wamm about equal.
It i# reoemaanded that the &* mymtem be
u w d because the cloaer spacing will give a more uniform panel
-
18-
t*mp*r*tur* and the smaller tubing gives more turbulent flow
and henoe better heat transfer.
This shape! has been designed by the students of the
Montana State Gollege Department of Arohlteoture.
As many
departments as possible *111 eontribute toward its eonstruotion when sufficient funds are available*
AIFi VENT
SXdr.____u.
i' REUEF VALVE
t
-- -t-'-i
TEMPERMUKE REGULATOR
'T H T j CE GAGE
f'."! .
Y MATER -•Ti
REDL :R G VAY E
——®,--‘
CHECK VALVE
DRAIN CGCK
— "&• L
ROOM THERMOSTAT
Y
MONTANA, STATE
COLLEGE
BOZEMAN, MONTANA
CONTROLS FOB DAAVFOFTH CMAPEL
HfATiNG SY ST E M
C R. SY
TH. BY
L. HOriPEUAHL
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STATE
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HEATING
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SECTION C-C
If
Stl E C T
OT
3
V
4I
T
-23HEATING FOR A TYPICAL MONTANA
LOG BUNGALOW WITH HARDWOOD FLOORS
radiant
Most people associate radiant heat with a concrete floor
slab. The result is that they don't consider radiant panels
with hardwood floors.
They forget that wall and ceiling panels
even existJ In this particular design, wall and ceiling panels
were not ,feasible due to the particular interior finish of
rough logs, hence a floor panel was used.
Pig. I - Monte Benson Residence
The nature of construction of this residence was a full
basement bungalow of 9" log walls, the logs being sawed on two
sides.
The cracks were filled with "Hydroseal", an asphalt
base sealer, both inside and outside.
The basement was finish­
ed in the form of bedrooms to be heated from the panel in the
floor above.
Tlie first step in the heating design was to compute the
heat loss.
The computations are as follows.
"
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
GooffIolenta of Hottt Transfer (IT)
A s- Walls
H
I s IZlSliO Om f -LllSs c ti v o y f>u un <>Of, Od y y o o Dooo ti o d O O0606
2.0' 9 * l e g t r a il (assum o Bff average- th lo -k n o ss ) o-ol0a00
3 Oaide air fa Xlll0 d0 dCO 0u0a0.CO 0^an c0g 0y00OOvi 0Io Y
H ^ I 0Z773
H % lAo.773 » *093 Btn/br ^ sq*.
B s Windows
Is Single glassed «■ H % I 0.13 B.tu/hr ^ sqe. ft.* *»°F
2 * IbenrtOpane
H F 0lf.5 Bt’ti/br «< sq.*.- It90F
3* Single glazed (double bung}- « U a ^
Btu/br
C 6 Ceiling
sqs ft.9
H
1 -0' I u a x d,0 a x r f xlzii& q . *■&-# ^ o.9. » s * 0^ ^ ,0»- a »: 0 ^ .Cr.»:f> O&6 0 &
2*
- 30
10
3©
6,s
5/8 x Ir fXooring-o.0.*-0*^«-.»%&*
^ ««-*.
s* a■*0*0■»
2 roeIc v/ool.o o-0u^a<*o.0uUo99 0o-,<1a>>09^^9 y0u0y0
2 air anaoe 0c^ 0@060 o0000o.y000^*0«t>o-o»a 0ud 9
X. ^XZ3 S l Z O q 0n00 O'o-o-c/»--qqrV '»■:o"0o'u-»-0-§.■*yab e
Built-up rsofing (assumed thielmesa 3/8" )*«
7 * O u ts id e a i r
0*8Ol
rJ0IlO/
1*100
Xff020
O6277
z H m * 0 0 &0 c 0 <, ^ 0 0 <>0 ^ „ u 0 » 9 »»□ 0 0 d o 9 . *167
R » IX Z o t
H ? 1/11*378 = „09 Btn/br - sq& f t / ?
Sineo tbo Z n air spade is used for Ventilating purposes#
ealeuXato ttH lf from inside fe the air s.paee assuming tbo air
spaee is at outdoor conditions*
Use .tbo higher value of the.
two*
R
.
a x r f x lm 6 0%
. 9 6 @0» y y.u». s 6 ,%9 9 » o-9 .*'»,».* * 606
2o.. 5/8tf fir xlooring-o, 0** 6sp-a«spo-.oini,*0sa)6..o'0 & « &-IS- *8OX
3 o’ 2 rook wool,>0&o &c *6■©0000 000 0»®».»0000 n„ 0,,0«36/4.03
k0 Outsido air film (still air)*»,**.».*»***** *6O0
. I-*.' i n s i d e
R = W
H % l/90i{.2 “ 0*106 Btu/br « sqa. Xt0oF
Hao- H “ ol'O Btu/br »■ aq* ft*°F
B
D* Doe**
(Aateal th&ekna#* I 3/S*)
8 » *$1 B$a/br - *q* f&**P
R
B# Bathopoom wall
If & l/&t*2 * ,,Okie B W / b r *. *q* f%**P
P. Ioflltratlom
& # * * * & mdardbaag# pa* k** (groumd f l o w )
A m m a w i #1* a&wesg* p#*b** (baaaaaot )
0. Baaaaaat **lla and flee*#
B * *1 Btu/b* * #g* ft**F
»##% Ieea Galeatatlon#
Iaald* ^W#l#a taapa*#tu*a
a ?o^P
Outalla l*al#p teapaamtu*#
~ 20"P
IaalRe Raaamam t -daalawlMmgwNm&ta*#
+ 70 P
Outalda Rmaaamt daalge twqpmeatm*
+bO*R
A, Llalag Room
I* ## H a
A*a# e 20$ % 8$ ^ lb* a 8$ ^ 3 W *
% b6*) - 3$ x
6*8* - 2* * %*7* ~ 2* * 8* * 162 mg. ft.
Rmat lea# * 162 % »093 % 9@ = 1*3$6 Bte/b*
2. Plade##
Aema (tbaeaqpen*) * #* x b*7* - 22*9 aq* ft.
Sadt Ioaa - 22«9 %
90 = 92.9 Btu/br
3 3 26.9 aq» ft.
Araa (alagle g&a&ed) = (28* .%
Beat leas a 26*9 a 1*13 a 90 a 2^?%D Bto/br
3 o- Door
Area a 3 * x 6 *8 " a 20 sq0 ft*
a 918.Btu/hr
Beat Ioaa a 20 % $0
k-v OeillBg
. .Area a 20 z . % » .280
ft#.'.
Best Ieag ^ 280.% 90 »1 a. 2g20 B w / h r
50 IBfiltration
V & t w m a 20 X ill % 8 S 22lf,0 Ou0 ft*
Beat Ioaa = .018 % 1120 % 90 = 181$ Btu/br
6 o- Total heat Ieaa “ 10*278 Btu/hr
.Be Bedrecmi E@0. I
:-
Ie Walls
Aroa = 13 3/% % & + 9 3/% JK 8 * 2 1/3 % 3 5/6 » 2 3/3 a
2 2/3 % 173 aq. ft.
Beat less " 173 X .093 % 90 ™ lg% 6 Btu/hr
2.0 Windows ,
Area s 2 1 / 3 % 3.5/6.*- 2 1/3 % 2 2/3 = 15*2 sq. ft,.
Heat less ” 15*2 X. lol3 %. 90 3- l ff5i|-5 Btu/hr
' 3» OoiliBg
'
Area = 13 3/%-% 9
Heat 10.
m
= 1 3 % X 90 x
= 13% aq.
= l s2:05 Btu/hr
-2 7 -
k-c
W l t M a ~ 13 3/4 ac 9 3/4 % 8 - 1070 Ort0, tto
Baat Ieea = ,018 % 90/2 x 1070 - *81 a 1070 - 86? Btu/br
3a W t a l heat, loam & W & 3 Btu/hr
0» Bedroom Ho, 2
I* Walla
. Area = 10 # 8 * 3 ^ 2 / 3 2 x 8 » - (2 1/3 x 2 2/3 ) 2 =
lS? sqti ft6
Boat loss “ 167 x 90 x e,.093 “ lij-OO Btu/hr
2.» Wlmlows
Area - 2 (2 1/3 % 2 2/3) = 12*4 aq* ft*
Heat loss ■«, 12,4 x 90 X 1,13 —■126o Btu/hr
3* Ceiliag
Area = 10 X 12 3/12 = 124.2 Sq. ft*
Boat loss -s 124s2 x 90 X ,1 “•'1120 Btu/hr
4» 'lnflltratiom
Volume 3 1 0 x 1 2 ^/12 X 8 - 995 ou, ft,
Heut loss ” ,o:81 % 995 ~ 806 Btu/hr
3* W t a l beat loss * 4388 Btu/hr
B',. Bathroom
1» Walls
Area “ 8. x 5 ^ 2 x 2
2/3
34°7 sq* ft*
Hoat loss ” 34®7 x 90 x. ,0415 ” 130 Btu/hr
2* Wlaaew
.Area - 2 x 2 2/3 % 3+3 8q* ft*
Beat logs s
%. 90 % 1*13 % 239 Bto/hr
3* Ooiliag
Ai?ea s 2 x T ^ 32 Sq.« ft*
Beat Iaee = 3 2 ^ 90 x * l = 312 Btu/hr
%.» i&fllta&tioa
Valgme = 2 a. ? % 8 = 280 etu ft*
Beat Ioae = *81 % .280 a 22? Bta/be
2» Total heat loss « 1211 Btu/ly? ■
E* ICitehoa '
I* Wstil
Area = 9& a .8 * 2 1 / 3 ^ 2 . 2/3 = ? 0 a q * ft*
B&at lees a 70 ac 90 % *093 = 286 Bto/br
2a Windoxr
.x
A2*@a. = 2 1/3 % 2 2/3 = 6*2 eg* ft*
Heat less = 6*2 x 90 % 1*13 ~ 830 Btu/hn
3*. Ceiling
Area * g& x 13*878 = 132 aq* ft*
Beat Iesa ” 132 x 90 x *1 « 1187 Btu/hp
i|.o Infiltmtien
'
Volume s 9& x l 5l87& x 8 = lo22 on* ft*
Beat leas = 1023 % *81 = 82# Btavfbr
5.0; Total he at leas = 3%#8 Btn/hr
F b, Qfning room
I* Walls
Arm. = ll;& z 8 .* 9 7/12 x 8 - 2 x k 7/12 * 2 3/% x
2 2/3 = 3b63o2 s<&* ft*
Seat loss ~ 163*5 x *093 X 90 “ 1370 Btu/te*
Zs Oindeus
Area (thozmepcmo) s
a
= 22*9 aq* ft*
Seat .Iosa " 22,09 % j-0 x 90 & 919 Btaa/hr
Aroa (alagle glased) 9 2 1/3 % 2 2/3 * 6*2 aq* ft*
Seat Ioas % 6*2 a 1*13 % 90 =- 630 B t a / W
3* GolllBg
. Area » li|.% x 9 7/12 - I39 sq0 ft*
Seat .Ioaa * 139 % 90 at «1 ^ 12$%) Bta/hr
k-o X^filtmtlea
“ Ilii x 9 7/12 X .8 « 11X 0 ea*. ft*
Seat less " o8l x XllO « 900 Bty/br
5* Total heat Ioaa t 508O Btu/hr
0* Sail
I* Gelling
.. Area “ 7 x 3 ^ 2§ x Ii ~ 39 aq* ft*
Hoat loss. % 39 x 90 x *1 “ 391 Btu/hr
2» Total heat loss = 351 Btn/hr
H 0 Baaemeht entraBoe
I* Wall
Area " 8 x 3i « 2 2/3 x 6 2/3 = 10*3 aqe, ft*
3&&at X&8# a 10*3 2. 90 % *1 ^ 93 Btu/hr
2* Boor
. Area = 2 2/3 x 6 2/3 = 17*7 aq* ft*
HeatlOGa = % 7 * ? X 90 x *51 = 811 B&u/hr
3* Total heat loss ” 90% Bta/ha?
■
*«30**-
1» BasemdiBt
I* Walla
Jkrea = 2 (36 as 7&) .* 2 (30%. ?) - 10 .(1 z li) s
9I2 Sqa. ft,*
Heat leas = (.1) 2 x 30 # 9 1 2 = 9%72 Btn/hr
2 0 F lo e a *
Area * 30 % 3 & ? I 080 &%* ft*
Boat lea# & 1080 z *1 % 30 c 321*0 Bto/hr
3 o- WlBdiWS
Area » 2 (I.% Ii-) 1.0 » 2$ sq*. ft*
Seat, loss -. 90 x .23 x. 1*13 “ 23^0 Bta/te
XBflXtBatIem Casswae
als? ehmige/tir)
.Hoat less “■ 081/2 X 7-cS .# 1080 - 3273 Btu/hr
Total heat. Ieaa (groood. floor).*».*»**«**,*.6***30*767 Bto/hr
Total ilea's, less (lsasoiaeiit}.&0 «.»o-o-*»* *.% ao,-*o;«« »0-Ca-01^.5:327 Btu/iu?
fetal heat loss Chease Ja *■0- » . . . » %0
0
«.
0
a *
0 -1
<> 0 n „ * * $ <> 0 i
[.3^29^[- Bta/hB
Calculations .for Pipe length
Assume panel output .to be %0 Btu/hr ** sq, ft. to the
ground floor*
Tb calculate additional panel, output necessary te heat
the basements, do the following,$
Hoeessapy heat/hr - aq* ft* “ Ilt327/1060 ~ 13c/3 Btu/hr **
sq* ft* . ,*&
13 Btu/bp * sq* ft*
Total panel output
ko -t 13 “ 33 Btu/hp ^ gq. ft*
A* hiring Room, (area = 280 sq6 ft*)
fin tube-| 6" o$Gj
2 = S 26 ft*
Pt* of W b G a
B 0 Bedroom Ho* 'I (Area s %3hr sq.0, ft,)
§*
ta w s
6" o .c *
F t* o f t a w
= 7 0 7 3 /S J , # 2
= 25#
ft*
Ge, Bedroom Ho* 2 (area s 12i|, sq0 ft*)
' |w
tabes 6” OtiG ti
Pt* of tnbe F 6% 6/23 ^ 2 F 23% ft*
D* B a t W o o m (area ~ 32 sq0 ft*)
&" tubes. 6" OoOci
Ftti.of. tube “ d.736/22 x 2 - 63 ft®
E et Eitehoa. (area » 132 sq0.ft*)
tubes B lt 0 *0*
-
'
8/22 # 2 = 197 ft*
Ft* of tube F ^
F.C Biaifig' room (area u I39 aq* ft*)
i if .Wbos 6 n 0.oG*
Ft, of tube F 7162/22 2 2 F 26% ft*
Go Hall, (aroa F 39 aq* ft*)
tube; 12* 0*0*.
. Ft* of W W
a c#6/ 2 2 a: 2 * 3% ft*
H* Total ft* of tube
f
1272 ft*
I0 H-Ott of circuits - 1272/180 ft<,/circuit ~ -approx* 9 circuitsBoiler
A used, hot water beater using am oil burner was used to
sure installation cost and await the arrival of the natural
gas pipe lime, to Belgrade*
'This hot water heater has a
- 3 2 -
capacity of 6o gallons which is too large but due to its large
size, it had a low demand and hence a low price.
Circulator
Use a I?" std. B. & G.
Headers
Use two W.I. pipes (2")
Of particular importance in this design is the floor con­
struction as shown on the drawing.
Notice that a sub-floor
is laid over the floor joists followed by a layer of water­
proof sisalkraft paper.
One-inck by two-inch furring strips
were laid on top of the paper on 12 " centers with two tubes
between each furring strip.
After this was accomplished, a
layer of a poor grade of concrete was poured and leveled off
k
with the tops of the furring strips. Wlien the concrete was
thoroughly dry, the hardwood floor was laid.
Pig. 2 - Purring strips laid on sub-floor
-
33 -
Pig. 3 - Floor ready for layer of concrete
The object of the concrete, which was actually 25/32"
thick, was threefold.
First, its purpose was to carry the
heat away from the tubes by increasing the emlssivity factor.
A shiny copper tube has an emlssivity of about 0.15 as com­
pared to rough concrete of 0 .95 *
Secondly, it removed the
air space which is a good insulator.
Thirdly, the concrete
acted as a grill to spread the heat uniformly over the floor.
This installation was constructed and put into operation
in January 1950 and maintained a room temperature of 70*F.
while the outdoor temperature was - 35#F. with 120°F. water.
At the present time the unit is heated by an oil burning con­
ventional hot water heater until natural gas is piped into
Belgrade, Montana, the site of this residence.
The owner,
Monte Benson, is, in his own mind, convinced that his heating
system is cheaper to operate and has a cheaper installation
cost than any hot air system he could have installed.
In
-3 k -
Fige k - Boiler and nearly completed
return header
addition, his heating plant uses a space about Ip feet square
in the basement with no duct work to take up space and no
convection currents to carry dust and cause objectional drafts
throughout the house.
"An added feature", says Mr. Benson,
"is a warm bed to crawl into every nightJ"
Since the interior is all finished in natural log, it
would be extremely undesireable to have large quantities of
dust moving through the air and settling on the logs.
heat cuts convection down to a minimum.
Radiant
Interior decorating
-
i3 expensive.
35 -
With no air ducts to darken the walls with
the rising air currents, it is obvious that there would be a
saving in interior decorating in any radiantly heated home.
Also, there are no radiators or convectors to take up space
and interfere with the decorating scheme.
In this particular
case, they would distract severely from the rustic log cabin
theme.
With the present system, it appears as if the fire­
place is the only source of heat.
These are just a few of the
many advantages achieved by using radiant panels.
Fig. 5 - Interior of Benson Residence
The materials used and their cost is as follows:
Line voltage room thermostat......................... ^ 11.50
1600 ft. of
copper tubing @
ft...............
Sisalkraft paper............... ....................
232,00
12.00
Hot water heater.................................... . 150.00
Circulator Lg-" B. & 0. std...... .................. . .
58*00
300 gal. fuel tank with pipe and fittings............
i(.6,00
3 C
A-XS*
Cu .
'5.(3. TJO..Cl V O
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V'al'VG 0
^ o o o u O -J O o o y o o o r/ o D
0
o o o O o o O <> o O \P 3*3.41^0
O ,0, a- e tt O » 0 »■ *. e * a * »-« O B- 6 ».b> « e 0- * B » » Ji1« |6 e * * « & » O- O » * V=
Oombination noli of and roduoing Tcilvoy*»*4.***,.****»
2 WfrXo- boadonSf 3 Xto oaob C.2^
OcsBonn ***
^
B-BB u>Bo-b fraoBV BB-OV-^bb 0
^ 4 S*Q
11*7#
3#00
3 O &o•» b-.
0-»-0.-»b *o-y-0»* »■o'b &b &^ »O-B-B-B # o^O
dmr1x3iTig o'ujO-LjO0 00 =>0<>00oo 0y0 =>co0000 0-?000^%0o-^oo =>u^y ^0==:- 20fr00
S a n d
C I
^ y a n d j ^
Mx s g q H c m o o n s
a v *
b
- °= - a a -0 B » B - » 0 , CF -b . -b
to- Br - a
cog
5 ^ o i b o T i s •> 0 1 0 n 0 .-^ «=0 0 a 0 » o « ^ 0 o a y * o u *
b
tic f r 0 a B B B - V
b
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b o
q
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-t i O O
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X o t a l fr fr B fr- ■»-B- to,B -Q to 0 B -O- B B. O= 9 O -B- B -B 0' 'B B -B- B- O O B B B B B B--» to'B =O1to -» d B B' O -O til to- tt-V p 3 / 3 = 0 O O
Most of the laboa nas dono by Mr* Benaona banco an exact
labor cost analysis was not mrailable „. EonoTers assmnlng
that two min conld install the ays tern in flto oight-hour days
$t #2*#0 por honr-f. the labor coat nonld. be 13200*00? making the
total installed cost #793 * 60 .
AA estimate for a hot air
system to boat the same hones was given as $900»GQ by a local
dealer*
It* of course3= would be accompanied by a large fur*
m e n with duets taking up valuable space and a higher main**
tainonco and operating coat with loss comfort end satisfaction*.
Xwo different header systems are shown*
Xhe short header
system was used with all the valves located In the basement*
This makes the filling operation and balancing much easier*
Xhe "main-type"' system locates all the valves on the ground
floor where they may be balanced or shut off*
Xhoy are so. ar~
ranged that all valves are located in closets or cupboards*
It Is necessary with this system- to rim. the headers through
the floor joists which Is; rather undesirable o
Xf the build­
ing Is cjuite Iarge3 it Is necessary to use the. itInainu system
to keep the circuits from getting too Idng4
system was used ,in the. Benson residence,*
The short ,header
Sotiee on the draw­
ings that each room has more than one .circuit passing through*
This gives extra control for obtaining the- room temperaturedesired*
In any design*, each room should have -at least one-
circuit of its own*
In order to prevent overheating the basement 3 enough re­
sistance to heat flow was placed, between the sub-floor and the
.basement celling to get the correct proportion downward 0
drawings follow0
The
38
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>
§
S
to
MONTANA
STATE COLLEGE
BOZEMAN, MONT A N A
C O N T R O L S FOR BfNSON RESIDENCE
HEATING S Y S T E M
12/6/47
CK. S Y
APR Bf
DRAWING NO. M E 324
r c:‘K a s s r - Y ' X . g p
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ICAL
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v * ^ ,x - GONLrETE
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AT'
---
CHfETHO LR
CONSTRUCTION
b o i U f; a r e a
- SU PPLY
HEADER
RETURN H E A D E B
DESIGN NOTES
OUTSIDE TEfIR RZDeF.
INSIDE TEMP. + 7 0 T
WAi.uS 9 " LOOE SAWiO O.N TWO SiUES
Al .
window s
W.T:-: .-W.'
except on east
-
double hung
CN LAST - TtjERMQPAWE
CJHCLI T S
CF
'/£ ' Q C F F E R
TUiAsN G
5.,^ T - C - - T . VA l C O N S U P 1-LY E N D CF EAC H C i H J U t T
S T O P AX;
. W A S T £ VALvT ON fit T-r.v t vL CV t-C. C i E C O j J
VALVES, HEADERS A N D BOILER LCUATru V BASE M t N T
A 1 L TUfiINu ON G "Ce N rEAS E X V - jT E rC-EN CM 3 " ALj HAiu LC- jL C E N TERS
LAVER OF SISAi-KRAFT PAPER AeCVt S L BFu CCn
ALL
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N
MuNTAPvA
STATE
COLLEGE
BOZEMAN, MONTANA
BAOIANT MEAT,NG FOB MONTE BENSON
FFSuOLNCE, BELGRADE, M O N T A N A
DR. GY
L._HORP-CDARL
TP. Sr
---SCALE I '/2 = / FT.
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(RASEM fN T)
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HEAEEP1
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-
DESIGN NOTES
OuTSjCE T e M R -£0°F
INiSfCC TEMP. +TO^F
W/__S
9"L0GS S A W E D ON T W C S I D E S
A l L / ;C '
EXCEPT '-V £AST — CG1
UBkE .-PNG
VV =U G O vVS ON EAST W A U L — T H E R M O P A N E
A L - C RCUtTS O F ' / z " C O P 0 E R T U B I N G
f" H E A D E R S C U T T H R O U G H J J - S T e A T C E N T E R
BOIuER L O C A T E D N B A S E M E N T
ALL T J G N S IN A" CENTERS c AC F P T K I T C H E N C M S ' C E t f T f R S
.
I
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5 TAT:
COLLE-E
BOZEMAN, MONTANA
i
BAEIANT H E A T i n j FE,R M O N T '
FEHS- V
RcSfTfZZCc,BELOBACE,ML \ "ANA
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L. HOFPEEAt - L
IZ/ I S A fi C K. F Y
IA Pr. S>
i
A SURVEY OF SOME TYPICAL MONTANA
RADIANT HEATING INSTALLATIONS
Since radiant panel heating is comparatively new, it
seemed very worthwhile to make at least a partial survey of
such installations in Montana to get personal reactions as well
as technical and practical information concerning them.
Much
was learned from mistakes made and suggestions given by very
cooperative and friendly citizens.
The following is a group of brief discussions concerning
each installation visited.
Several others were surveyed but
were identical to some already visited, hence left out of this
discussion.
Plumbers and architects were also contacted, when­
ever possible, for their views on the subject of radiant heat.
Several types of construction seem adaptable to radiant
heat.
The residence of Professor L, 0. Brockman, Bozeman, is
a two story duplex using walls of l6M of rammed earth.
The
lower story is half below and half above the ground, taking ad­
vantage of a hillside beautifully*
The concrete basement floor
area covers 1)4.50 sq. ft. and uses 6 floor circuits of
copper
tubing with its own circulating pump controlled by a room ther­
mostat.
The second story of the duplex was heated by
tubing celling circuits covering the same area.
copper
The tubes were
on 8^M centers and were supplemented by radiant baseboards
under the windows on the south wall.
the entire length of the wall.
These windows extended
The ceiling circuits had their
—lj.2—
own pump which was controlled by a room thermostat.
The system
was fired by a natural gas 216,000 Btu input boiler located in
the basement.
Btu/hr.
The calculated heat loss of the house was 75*000
Total installed cost of the heating system was about
12/a of the cost of the house.
Comments by the Brockmans in­
dicated they would possibly like to install an outdoor thermo­
stat.
Also, they had a problem of solar radiation due to the
many windows on the south.
A great deal of natural circulation
was noticed which caused excessive heating.
would have prevented that.
A flow check valve
The fuel bill for this house was
$14.1.00 during the winter of 194-9-5>°*
Another radiantly heated Bozeman residence is that of the
Karl Swingles on Huffine Lane.
This is a one story, flat
roofed log home covering an area of 2550 sq. ft. and no limit
on "picture" windows.
At a cost of 10$® of the cost of the home,
radiant heat was installed using I" copper tubing on 12" centers
except in the living room where it was put on 6" centers.
All
circuits are in the If." concrete slab floor poured on 8" of
crushed rock.
The outside perimeter of the slab is insulated
with I" of asphalted felt.
ed with zonolite.
The pumice block foundation is fill­
Each circuit is fed by a supply and return
main header system and equipped with a balancing valve.
The
control system employs a room thermostat to operate the pump in­
termittently while the aquastat governs the flow of natural gas
to the 250,000 Btu input boiler.
Calculated heat loss of the
-
43 -
house was 120,000 Btu/hr.
Sourdough Creek, south of Bozeman Is the site of a
radiantly heated log cabin owned by the Nicholas Helburns.
Two
floor panels were used involving 1” W.I, pipe on 9" centers
buried in a 4 ” concrete slab.
Tlie floor slab was poured over
a sub-floor of 4 ” concrete using 6 parts zonolite and 4 parts
cement.
No insulation was put between the floor and the found­
ation, hence an early crop of daffodils occurs each spring!
An aquastat sets the oil-fired boiler temperature while the
room thermostat turns the burner on and off.
runs constantly.
The circulator
Cost for heating this 575 sq. ft. cabin, runs
about #150.00 per year.
As for comments, they were sold on
floor heating, especially with children.
Improvements suggest­
ed were the use of one-half as much piping under beds and run
circuits under cupboards and closets too.
They mentioned that
certain waxes failed to harden on the linoleum due to its heated
condition.
Installation cost ran about one-eighth of the cost
of the house.
Another residence using log construction is that of Pro­
fessor Roy Wiegand, Huffine Lane, Bozeman.
Ratio of the cost
of heating system to cost of the house ran about I to 10.
This
1900 sq. ft., one-story home has 10 floor panels which heat it
and its basement.
The basement, which covers half the floor
area, houses the 100,000 Btu input gas-fired boiler and auxilliary equipment.
Hardwood floors are used throughout the house
-a-
with -|-t! copper tubing placed on 8^" centers between the sub­
floor and the hardwood floor.
Purring strips are placed be­
tween the floors to support the finished floor.
At the time
of construction, the tubes were left in air spaces between the
floors but due to the low emissivity factor of the shiny copper
tubes and the insulating quality of the air space, the house
could not be heated although the water temperature was up to
210°P.
The water returned from the circuits at practically
the same temperature at which it entered.
The only solution
was to either tear up the hardwood floor and pour concrete or
some similar material around the tubes, or take up boards and
force the concrete under with a caulking gun.
method was used with excellent results.
The latter
Of course the moisture
caused the floors to bulge and warp but the heat brought every­
thing back to normal.
A room thermostat controlling the cir­
culator and an aquastat to govern the water temperature com­
pletes the control system.
Despite the misfortune of not put­
ting concrete around the circuits during construction, the
TLegands are sold 100$ on radiant heating.
The average years
fuel bill runs about #120.00.
The summer of 19^8 found Dr. H. F. Mullikin installing
radiant heat in his now one-story Boseman home.
Several sources
had released information stating that Montana homes could not
be heated radiantly by floor panels alone, hence this residence
has ceiling panels to furnish the heat and floor panels to keep
the concrete slab floor warm.
Fourteen celling circuits of
copper tubing were used together with 6 floor circuits of the
same size.
Each circuit was approximately 1^0 ft. long and
was valved at each end to short headers located in the boiler
room.
This method allows all balancing to be done at one lo­
cation and all valves are out of the way from possible tamper­
ing by children.
An indoor-outdoor control system is used
employing a three-way mixing valve allowing the water to by­
pass the boiler when equilibrium conditions occur.
An indoor
thermostat operates the circulator intermittently.
A day-
night clock thermostat, to cut down the temperature at night,
doesn’t seem to perform properly, probably due to the heat lag.
Domestic hot water is heated by the same gas-fired 210,000 Btu
boiler by means of a tankless heater furnishing an unlimited
supply of hot water.
Comments by Dr. Mullikin indicated he
would just as soon have all the heat in the floor to cut down
installation costs.
Aside from installation cost, the
Mullikins are well satisfied with radiant heating.
Probably the most unique installation in Montana is that
of IIirara Dotson, Rimini Route, Helena.
His system requires no
boiler because water from a natural hot spring is used, hence
the only operating cost is the power to operate the pumps and
controls.
This one story residence is H O x 
