Farm security clients in Montana, an analysis of the operations, farm business and farm organization of
selected rural rehabilitation clients in Montana, 1937
by Charles P Butler
A THESIS Submitted to the Graduate Committee in partial fulfullment of the requirements for the
Degree of Master of Science in Argicultural Economics at Montana State College
Montana State University
© Copyright by Charles P Butler (1939)
Abstract:
The average total money received from farm operations, rehabilitation loans and other sources,
exclusive of the non-cash income from the farm, by 145 rehabilitation clients, distributed throughout
the state, in 1937 was 1454.38. Of this amount 51.4 per cent was from the farm business, 24.3 per cent
from Resettlement Administration Loans, 9.5 per sent from rehabilitation grants, 9.8 per cent from
miscellaneous receipts, 1.3 per cent from other loans and 3.7 per cent from work relief Including
income from C.c.c. The average total money paid out by these clients in 1937 was $1455.42 or $1.04
more then the total average receipts. Of the total money paid out 53.4 per cent was for farm business,
30.7 per cent was for family living, and 15.9 per cent was for payment on Resettlement Administration
loans and other debts. It should be recognised that the cash family living expenses does not include that
portion furnished by the farm.
The total average cash expenses for family living for 163 clients in 1937 was $431.26. The total
expenses compared very closely with the state budget for the different size family groups. However,
there was con-siderable variation of the distribution of expenses between the estimated budgets and the
actual expenses.
The range in labor income of 97 individual operators was from $2,212 to a minus $2,303 with an
average of minus $68. Labor income as used here represents the labor earning of the family from farm
operations exclusive of non-cash farm income. Factors associated with the larger labor incomes were:
large form, more acres in crops, more acres in wheat, larger wheat yields and more animal units per
farm.
Undoubtedly many of the rehabilitation clients are capable farm managers who, if given the
opportunity and backing, could become fully established permanent operators in their communities.
The best way for them to achieve self-sufficiency is to expand their operations from year to year. This
may be done by moving to better land or by enlarging their farms on the present quality of land. This
will enable them to keep more livestock, raise more cash crops and utilize their marginal abilities
somewhere near their capacities. Educational work with the class of clients who do not have
managerial ability to handle larger units will perhaps contribute more to their ultimate success then any
attempt to increase their units. The best single method of locating farmers who have managerial ability,
or those who do not, is through good farm business records accurately and conscientiously kept and
analysed over a long period of tine. ra<H .IifcJUiiITY CUMiTJ Dt MOEEiOM
•a MMtlyslo o f th e >per u t lo n e , F a ra B usiness
and Vmxm O rrm tl^ a tlu n o f J e le o te d H ural
R e h a b ilita tio n C lie n ts In
Wntwna, 1937
by
C hnrlea i‘. B u tle r
A DSAiIJ
t i t te d to th e Oretdutite U o ra d tte e
In p a r t i a l f u l f i l l m e n t o f th e r e q u l r a w i t s
f o r th e D ngrss o f M aster o f Joltm oo
In A# r l o u l t u r t t l .Kcon o b le s a t
i I-Qtttann - t a t s U u llsg s
Zn dm r; o ofV a ju r
o rk
Cha
Bo tv -un, J o c v n»
63343
37
-
2
-
iflOKHttsBtttiear
The «u%hor 1» la d et.ted to the Ftuna J e o u r lty A d rtln lstm tlon fu r
KmkIn# a v a ila b le th e M aterial uaed In t ills stu d y »nd os pee l a l l y to Mlse
1'tii
brj creon ,
ta o o lh te H n o t o r , Ibr h er v a lu a b le e r lt lo ie n e and hu(>
R eetlona tliroufliout th in study#
Mmgreee A d m in istration ,
>rk
ckno«le<lgmnt In a ls o due tite vrfca
Jeot Mimbery JB?1 (W 6d$>-91- J - 4 .5) and
+V 3*81 (OP 66S -91-A5- * * ) fb r a ssla tn u e e in tr a n sc r ib in g and ta b u la tin g
'
. Ield i, t;
or
.-rtj
I)
: i.t- Cl
lidtee fcn ex ^reue h ie a ^ r a o l t l o n to
“t
r.
K : rip .
• Um tierm e,
!•.<
r . C.
i
o
K raeneel,
and vrofeuaor Uo. ard lo rd fo r t i a l r v a lu a b le e u ^ e e tlo n a and o r lt lo le n
S Iy
o f th is study#
^ 2, 34- 3
- 3 OF
i'age
J-Ki1SviCTe•.. .... ... .. . ......
ee
m m iO O C T I * ............. ...................... .............................
PART I :
th e Purpose o f t h is -it t ^ y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Proeedure in ^ n u l y a l s . . . . . ................................................ ..
L lM ltatlona o f t o la S t u d y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
part
us
r & m x m m a n or- u w x f
s i i a c i r o Esau S e e a a m c m r o a
Pr-RT Vs
8
13
13
14
m M £t p id out by
WMtafA9 i s # . ..................
is
Income end Zxpenaes fo r th e F sm B u sin ess.........................
Incoige from Other j o i r e e a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.-iupwiry o f Caeh O p e r u tio n s ...................................................
19
83
25
P PT I l l s
PrtMT IVx
6
ErtMlLY L J V I B O ..........................................
27
FAKU ORGrtKIAATIali OB FkftiL. OFtOUTKD BY JELSOTgD IARH
.iAOURITY ULIBHTJ IK M'STJf . 193».......................... ........................
39
-UBrea in F a i e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a cres In »b e s t and «heat Y i e l d * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A s s e s s Ian o f L i v e s t o c k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
41
41
FXNLMCIrtL StiHM RY OF Frtlftf RUAlljEUS mD FACTOBJ ALXKJIkTSD iltR LOSOR DfCOlOi............................................................................
44
e n t FRM RLCtiIiOe XUS u at *;> .OUT IT StIJtiLD CtoiTrtIK....
58
ISPfrtL FaA-ILU-D OK RlLIlF HF KfALdtiW CCKSITYe WtiBttWA....
62
P RT VI:
PART V II s
m
E
S
len g th o f Realdenoe In C o u n t y . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
'reponderanoe o f Uile Heads o f I HtaehoI d s .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64
ipe o f Beedfl o f
u f le h o lt e ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64
S iz e o f H o u s e h o l d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
67
M u e e tlo e e l A tta in m e n ts.................
67
uptber o f Years on e l l e f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TC
C en d ltio e o f B u i l d i n g s .......................................................................
70
Uflttflflhold B in lg e w e t.......................................................
73
Income in 1 9 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
73
Operation U orrw lnj^ In 1 9 3 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
SI e o f F a r m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
Fflflfleflfllon o f L iv e s to c k .................................... ..................... .............
PB
, Jl \
: XL ■ Y 0 BI • BWfdUOtti u- LLi Cl WfclO TH - FAiftfXWC AREA; IH M-SfTiJJ .......... .......................................................
83
4
*nge
fi& m m x. ti* n * KLt iiv m j t t o f UWKi sm xjv& i) «m? ta m v paid
OUT Mt 4*JLM8Tm R dt* JaJUHlTY tiUMStt) IH
BT
C^om=Wt 19;)7...........................
66
MFraKBJU Cl aO, LItiisMTAaY TABUki ON J l M O t
ACKiiti IK
PASfBRBe TOTiiL QROPI^.a, ACK J Ui HLtTe KO 44KA.T
Y m O S OF .iHL^CT&O Fi-H - SBOtiRITT OLLalTS Bi MOKT.SA,
1937................................................
87
APPBiDix d :
aopF um iam anr Ta k j b oh m TO tim aaic* of L iv a m i t fakh S B K ia T t u m i m m m a m m , i<» ? ....................
M
AmBDXX Et aUPFLBWXTAKT T JOUto OF THE FHLJttlAL BUCLtRY OF
m Farm a m m m o r a s m m m fahm siso^ it y a u & m m
MONTAKAe 19 7 ..........................
92
BIivUOSi LlIT..................................................
%
- S LJLiT QF
Pmm
>’U:ure I .
I'imir* S .
lg u r s 3 .
F ig u re 4 .
fig u re 6 .
-ap o f T yp e-of-F om ln g Anrna in
Vmtnmi.............................
17
D is tr ib u tio n o f m n ey retieiv e ; snA money paid o u t by
Farm xiou rlty O ilen te in IAmtanm, 19J7«. . . . . . . . . . . . .
SO
Oonparlson o f th e D istr ib u tio n o f the cash ©oat o f
f w illy liv in g o f Far* s e c u r ity O iien te in Wontanm,
19*9, w ith the iM tltiated b u d g et..................... .......................
31
F in a n c ia l Svnnmry o f th e f a r * busln e s e o f F e m Deo u r lty C lie n ts In
1939. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
lab or lnoome fr o * fa r* b u sin ess o f 99 Farm -eotnrlty
C lie n ts In Iontmna, 1 9 . 1 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*0
—6 —
gUKM
n
IN
m
H Blyaie o f the G peratlone, f«ur» L1UfllneaB
end Fam Orpnni e tin n o f .!e le c te d IHnrnl
R ehablllt o t lo n Q llen te in
Idimttmo, 1937
A Iiiia UT
th e average t o t a l money receiv ed f*en f i .m o p era titm a , r e h f.b lllta tiu n lo o n s and o th e r so u r c e s, e x c lu s iv e o f the non-caeh inooiae from the
f « m , by 146 r e h a b ilit a t io n a lie n t s , d is tr ib u te d thzeu^nottt the a te t o . In
1937 Wte <1454.38. Of title amount 5 1 .4 per c e n t was from the farm Lueinesn,
8 4 ,3 p er c en t from K e ee ttlen en t A A tln le tm tIon Lome* 9 .6 per aen t from
r e h a b ilit a t io n gr?m to, 9 .8 per cen t fr u t mSeeellBueoue r e e o l; t a , 1 .3 per
c en t from o th e r lo e n s and 3 .7 per cen t from work r e l i e f Including; lnoone
from Q.C.O. The average t o t a l money paid o u t by Lheee o lleu U i in 1937 m a
1465.42 o r #1.04 more then tlxe t o t a l avwmg# re e l p t e . Of tlte t o t r l m n ey
* id out 6 3 .4 per cen t was f o r fa ro Kueines a , -> .7 p er cen t tmm -o r f . n i l y
11 vIn. , and 1 5 .9 per cen t vae fa r peiymect on iietiettler^ent d m in le tr o tlo n
loan s rnd o th e r d e b ts. I t should fee reco g n ised th a t the cash i^tnily l iv in g
ex, vases does n ot in clu d e fchnt p ortion fium ished 1». th » tu rn *
The t o t a l overage ooah expenses fo r fam ily liv in g f o r IW c l i e n t s
In 1937 m s 1431.86. The t o t a l expenses compered very c lo n e ly e ltli the
s t a t e budget fo r the d if f e r e n t a lt o fa m ily groups. However, th ere ma oona la e r o b le v a r ia tio n o f th e d is tr ib u tio n o f expenses between the estim eted
budgets and the i o tu n l expannes.
th e range in la b o r lasers* o f 97 in d iv id u a l open? torn oh* from
2,212 to a minus 38,303 w ith an i veroge o f minus 368. Labor lncom- «« used
here repreisants the Ivbor earning o f the fam ily from farm op erotion s e x clu ­
s iv e o f non-cash fa ro income. Ia eto re a sso c in ted 'lth the l e r ^ ir I- bor In etwsee were: la r g e farm , m r o acres in c r o p s, iw rc a cres in s h e e t , la r g e r
Aihest y ie ld s and more onI m l u n ite p er fa r o .
Undoubtedly many o f the r e h a b ilit a tio n e lle n t o are capable fa ro
im a g e r s who, i f given the opp ortunity and backing , om il
t coma f u l l y e a ta b lie h e permanent operators In th e ir o o m u n lt le s . fhe r e s t ^ny i.or them
t o ach ieve s e l f - s u f f i c i e n c y la to expand t h e ir operation- from ye r to .w. r .
This roy be done by moving t o b e tte r land o r by enl >rgin tlw lr faros on
p resen t q u a lity o f la n d . T his w i l l enable th e e to keep mors liv e s t o c k ,
r a is e more cash crops and u t i l i z e t h e ir m arginal a b i l i t i e s somewhere neor
t h e ir cn p eolt i e s .
duc- tto n a l work w ith the slew s o f s i le n t s uho do not
have Managerial a b i l i t y to handle la r g e r u n it# n i l I jwrhape c o n trib u te
more to U ie lr u ltls m te auoeeaa than any attem pt to lnore so t h e ir u n ite .
The bent s in g le method o f le e n tln g farmers who have R am iasrlnl a b i l i t y , or
th o se who do n o t. I s th ro w h m od farm bualnees m eorda a e o u n tte ly and
eon scli b! UBly kept « n < , mtlyised o v er * Ioiv period o f tim e.
8 —
'
PAST
I
,i^ rleu ltu ze i» e rmry d iv e r s if ie d Iaduatrye
I t la carried on
uotler th e Ttost v- r ied nmd et>?a,^in< o u M ltlo n a p o ssib le #
I t It; n o t on ly
•lA jeeS ed to changing eeonowl e o o n d ltlo n s toot Io e e b je e te d to the r isk o f
n atu ral and b io lo g ic a l oonditlom t iaont then any o th er In uo t r i a l weW rp rlee#
B w re a r e , w ith in the indue t r i a l d iv is io n o f a g r ic u ltu r e , people
end f s e l l le e who ere e o n tln u n lly o p w n tln f a t e l l lo v e la o f euosesa and
fa ilu r e #
O llia etie c o n d itio n s , rwovy fan# a o rtgaga d e b ts, lnpropmr use o f
la r d , poor m n a g e r ia l a b i l i t y and prenaure brought by g en era l aoonojiie oond l* lo n s are in gen eral th e recognized raalad Jun taanta on us in?- low lnoomea
and disadvantaged farm fa m ilie s#
■ 'I- : Vi . A
:
f a m ilie s in the U nited d t s t o e .
V Ii.. - .-.c-
I
|. j
;■ :
- I
i in
I th o w h th ere has Lotui eon sld e r s Me flu c ­
tu a tio n In numbers from tim e to tim e. I t la alm ost c e r ta in th a t the number
has lncreaaad in each succeeding
enara tio n #
Ffcr more than u Centuiry the
United -states cu rried on a lib e r a l piogram o f ru ra l r e l i e f under the culm#
o f f r e e la n d .
in,
Today we crux n ot u se t h is ea sy s o lu tio n a s a Hrutna o f our-
the a g r ic u ltu r a l and ln m a tr lu l i l l s #
. roe I u n i, capable o f producing
a d ecen t l i v i n g , has disappeared and «e have a t JLaBt been fo rced to cope
with the problem o f rura. r e l i e f in a new manner.
In 193*, the Keclernl Oovem ;Tent, In rwswer to the demands o f tn e
disadvantaged farm f a m ilie s , decided upon a
ethod o f fu m r e l i e f .
he
- S adnlniiitrafcloB ndoptad the p o lic y oi* h elp in g tlile un ie r -p r lv ile g e d fltroup
to g a in a aelf-su p ix a rtln , a Ustutt by woana o f a Miaitam o f fin a n c ia l uld
>'itv! too ,ale, I ,iulivutoe.
K am i re) nhbi l l t a t Ion f i r s t beotate tm a c t iv it y o f the lctderol
Govenaemt in A p r lle 19.>4, hb a part o f th e Federal
m in is tr a tio n .
renoy
The a s e t t l w c n t
Ter^eney T ielief
U bainletratlon replaced the /e d e r a l
A.*aer-
e l i e f J d n ln la tr e tlo n rb an ap.imoy roapsmaibl* f o r the ru ral r e h a b ili­
ta t io n pro^nm on J u ly I , 1935.
been d ele«ntw l to the Tnm
inc# th a t t i n e , th io r a e p n n e lb lllty hna
o o v r lty
W ln ia tn itlo n .
"Tiding d e s t it u t e and lo«-i:;Coree f e m fE '.llie a , thuurii a ayatcu
o f aup rvlaed c r e d it , fo m o the b a sic elcn o n ta o f tt;e r e h a b ilit a tio n protprmi.
jtber an aoaiated a c t i v i t i e s in th is f i e l d in clu d e to m -d e b t adjustment end
e x te n sio n o f group lo a n s to farmers and r e l i e f o f v ic tim s o f drought, flo o d
and o th er din s t e r a . " X/
The one id ee b*ok o f th e r u ra l r e h a b ilit a tio n program tms th a t by
extendin g a id to to r thy t ra fa m ilie s In nerd by p roviding thean w ith s e e d s ,
f e r t i l i z e r s , t o o l s , liv e s t o c k end perhaps oven la n d , they could keep o f f the
r e l i e f r o l l s and work th e ir way o u t o f esrar^cuoy-dole s it u a t io n s .
Ca able
farmers or th ose who eaera tbou# h t to be ca p a b le, were advanced Io ns th a t
n l^ h t be used f o r one o r another o f the to low im s p e c i f i c purpocca; " (I)
t o bay food t o r liv e s t o c k , (B) to to y s e e d , f e r t i l i s e r s , liv e s to c k end
e c ttlpawnt to produce c o r p s, (3) to provide oom aodltiee fo r su b n isten o e
j/
lesn n d er, i l l .
s o r t of" th e
m in is tr a tio n , 1937, lnge 3*
^ i n l s t r R t o r o f 'hut
c
t t l o vm t <i-
- I G -
u n t il • u f r ic ie n t food a t u f f s could be r a is e d f o r household u s e s , (4 ) to
o b ta in nodIcn l care and o th e r s p e c ia l fa m ily -liv in g gaods o r
■n.i (b ) to r . « t pren etiir. c x te t lr . - o b lig a tio n * *
e rv I oohs
':,•=«» Iom m s ex te n ted a t e
re; noonble r a te o f I n t e r e s t , were to he re e ld w ith in « 6 -y e a r period;
lim ite d grants fo r eubala tenoe were WLeo wide ^iumover necon ary u n t il
the c l i e n t eo u l
a ch iev e n s e lf - h e lp Btnndiiv , ”
Hie method o f r-iHkln,- loan s wee d is c o n tin u e d «hen the
e a e ttle -
rtent A dnlnletr n tlo n in J u ly 1 9 31, (succeeded by th e Fera u n cu rlty
1a ttr itio n ,
dndn-
e p terb er I , 1937) took over the d u tie s o f r u r a l raimbi l l tfitlcm ,
Ihe new program provided fo r feucm end home rmnagerent pl&ns «md o rem la ed
su p e r v isio n to loan o l l r n t s .
went In to o f f c o t and
11» o ld lorsna adv.-mood fcefori
ere c en t Inwtd tem p o ra rily ,
he new program
eedy fa m ilie s
era
Ivon
d i r e c t - r e l i e f gran ts to h elp ttitna u n t i l o th e r arrangements could be mad# to
care fo r them under the na
projyrom.
Under the new program, th e standard
fp ra and home plan lo e n s ./e r e , la many c a s e s , euppl< vented by subs la tenoe
g r a n ts.
Supervised c r e d it I s based upon th e r e a liz a tio n th a t farm fa m ilie s
In the l e s s advantaged groupe cannot improve U ieir c o n d itio n w ithout a comb liu -tlon o f f in a n c ia l h elp wad te c lia lo a l • u ld an ee,
I/
Hie ft.im md home
nsw f.emant plans are form ulated by the r e h a b ilit a tio n aup- r r ls o r in
cooper­
a tio n w ith the c l i e n t s fo r the meet econom ical u se o f t h e ir Vmd, lmbor,
I/
K lA p at r ic k , k. I . - ^ e l y s i s o f
, *"
u . j . d . a.
tbfc Farm ^ o u r ity A dm inistration end th e Bureau o f d g r to u ltu r a l
. v ,iioniee O coperatlng, Joel* I Kesenjpah «7» r t W. I •
- H
-
l l r e e t o t i t , and erope mad a re rin-mcod
yearts.
w i H a h o r t-te r a loan# o f H to S
Toamm In th e Uhlted J t e t e e haoe a tera g ed approxim ately
lo a n s curry a 5 per c en t I n te r e s t r a t e .
"be
Llerun on the c l i e n t ' s c h a t t e ls
and c ropy are required so s e c urity fo r r e h a b ilit a tio n lo a n s but th e meet
lnportmmt s e c u r ity I s Imeeme s u l t y .
rIhs ty p ic a l farm and terns management
planB provided, f i r s t o f «11, to r the production o f f a m eo nodit Icso to
RK#t the fw a illn a own .•;« iltitnnoe n e e d s.
Feed production to r tht liv e s to c k
la th e n ext c o n sid e r a tio n and the r e m in d e r o f the farm la devoted to the
production o t cash oropa,
D iv e r s ific a tio n I s encounmed and h ig h ly apuo-
la llz e d one-crop s y a t iw* o f f«raln(> e r e fro$mnd upon by
he k te lr ilstr u tlo n .
The t o t a l m otive camem reported by the? R e w ttle e e n t /tdnln la tr n tlo n ,
Jwte jO, 1946 WW W 6.3D 8.
Of th ese 104,444 were a c tiv e g r e a t c a se s ; 189,06b
mere standard r u ra l r e b a b llltm tlo n lo a n s; 3 9 ,1 6 8 standard >tmte Oorporatlon
lo a n s; 166,009 were emergency ru ral r e h a b ilit a tio n lomna, nnd 1 u6 , iX)7 were
emergency S ta te Cooperation l o w s ,
th e se r e t in e v e r s 8 ,9 5 9 .
t h e t o t a l 'a c tiv e c o s e s In MtmtMM a t
Of th ese 8 ,8 9 0 were motive srmnt Oauem; 1,418
standard ru ral r e h a b ilit a t io n lo a n s , 48 ctaruianl S ta te O orporatlM I omb# ,
534 CdjfiJTgfBney r u ra l r e h a b ilit a tio n lo a n s , and 3^93 em rgtm ey J ta te OoopnratSon lof.u a. j /
Die t o t a l money
dvtmoed to r lo a m
from J n e X jt 19JB to June 30, 1936 tua 3 1 ,4 4 1 , 8 4 .
has c o n tin u a lly been addInr c l i e n t s to i t s r o l l
I pm cntiea.
ind ^jmmts in
Hw
d tln ls t r a t le n
both gran t and standard
The u xm n t o f money advanced has Inoxeoaod a te i l l y .
j / ’ TUgweH, Hextord 0 . - - I ^ t av* a il
t r a t io n , 1936.
an tuna
e .w r t o f the' h e s e ^ ,x i@ a t
Iihwevmr,
Im la ia - '
«• X£ —
ther®
* t i l l a ltirg e mmijer o f fn m n rs in t t e s t a t e e l i g i b l e fo r r e h a b ili­
ta t io n lonna tA o, beomsie o f lim it a t io n o f fu n is and o f Personnel, could n u t
bo helped•
'lho Piaaoen of Ihlw
The c h ie f purpose o f a tnxm b u sin ess a n a ly s is I s to r ev e a l ln f o r KHtior which w i l l a s s i s t th ose r e sp o n sib le f o r the euooe a o f the b u sin ess
to make the f a r e more p r o f it a b le .
The combination o f Hm v a r io u s fa c to r s
o f productle»i. on the saoot p r o fita b le fo r m Shtwld se r v e a s a i u ld e in re—
Ol';
!!l
U3
• i t
I
e
f u r
=.
n o th o r o b j e c tiv e o f t h is study in to portray the s it u a t io n during
1937 en d , in a broad may. I n d ic a te what th e farm S e c u r ity A d m inistration,
through i t s r e h h b tllte tlo n process i s doing f o r amt to the fan 11 Iem la v Iv ed .
The d if fe r e n c e s In o rg a n isa tio n
Md th e s ta tu s o f th e fa r e S e c u r ity
c l i e n t s by tenure c l asms end type o f farming areas w ill be pointed o u t.
This Btwly should be o f v a lu e to the ru ra l r e h a b ilit a tio n super­
v is o r s in provid in g basin f o r th e estim a te# In preparing the farm- and Home
iiasgememt f la n s .
The importance o f the farm fam ily record and I t s advantages to
tl.e s na fa m ily w ill be emphmslred.
Seems o f improving tiu> q u a lity o f re­
cords kept w ill » ls o be su( e a te d .
I f t h is study stim u la te s an in t e r e s t in farm end Hone accounts
and r e s u lt s In any way to induce the fa n s c l i e n t s to lcaep b e tte r records*
i t w ill be f e l t th a t a v ery worthwhile purpose has been M ooa^ilished.
13
j*mctKiure Xtt -w ilya ta
TOhto ?urR Security
fteiln 1 s t r a tio n B aie a v a ila b le fb r t h is study 326
^arm F a s lly Record Bueke k e p t by WatTi
eeuarlty c lie n ts In Mcmta n a .
o f these reoorAs were s e le c te d t o r t il ls tu m ly a la .
;n ly 148
1 1 reoorda th a t had a
Conr Ie t e record o f inctme und expenses fo r th e y ea r 19,57 were u sed ,
-tuny
o f I f f c lie n t s f a il e d to keep o o a p le t* records and atom k e p t ?pod records
f o r o n ly a p art o f th e y e a r .
W dltlcm al Inform ation wib obtained from the f H ea o f the county
ru ra l r e h a b ilit a tio n su p e r v iso r to supplem ent the ln fo r a a tio n contained in
the Tntm
am lly Hccord '-.oka.
For th e most p a r t, the f a r
o t Ined fr o * the farm plena as Uiey e r e seldom e .
Invcnh-rle u v e r s
l e t s In the record books.
S aw o f th e zM oxds o f th e ca sh Wqmnmum fb r fa m ily liv in g ware
obtained frof a p reviou s study by th e For* Security #W ilniatrritlon.
Tbace
records were sup I ; msnted w ith records o f the cash expenses fo r f m lly I Iv­
in, obtained from the record hooka.
A ll o f th e se record s were not cor I e t e enough to u se fo r o i l phases
o f t h is a n a ly s is s o , in sons o a s e s , th e number o f records used s i l l be ULff c ren t from th e mvnber used in o th e r phases o f th e a n a ly s is .
in s o fa r «e i t m s poattlh e , a standard procedure was follow ed In
EttkiiH', t ills a n a ly s is .
( roes Oi>nh f e r
The Cwwnlnf w d d is t in c t io n bat men such tern s as
income, n e t c;,sh fe r n income, inoom to I r ,t o r and c a p it a l ,
tmd la b o r Income must be kept in mind a t a l l tim es - hen such ter-.-s ere be In,
used .
14
Ttoe data fo r th e p art o f th in maalyeim dm,11% e s - e c la lly w ith
r en t cto-ma In Demon Oounty tsaa o b t* tlm d from the fu m s e c u r ity
d riln le-
t r a tio n fr o * a a t a t l a t l c a l mummery oonp lled by P b y llis &. J u U lr a a and
Hayrond Oe Barnett#
lA m ltotlons o f t h is
tudy
The number o f records need In t h is study w&a too sm all to make
Hiy I1W iem l oonolnaion «u$ to d lffe r e n o e s betw een e o u a tle e , ty p e -o f farming
a rea s
or tenure gm upa.
I n d ic a te , In a brood
Htn r e s u lt s o f t h is A n alysis c m o n ly serv e to
a y , th e se
lf f e r e n c e s .
wty r e s u lt s ob tain ed from a
H a lt e d anemic w ill n a tu r a lly have a la r n e probable erro r o f e s t lu a t e ,
Th* fa r m inclu ded In t h is a n a ly s is e re d is tr ib u te d over a l l p a r ts
o f the s t a t e and Include sm all f a r m , la r g e f a r ,a and «ediun~cl?cd fa m a
as
e l l n j some Ir r ig a te d end stsiie dry land farms#
'Ihe records were s e l e c t ­
ed a t random; th e o n ly requirem ent being th e t t!io rucord s e le c t e d be com­
p le te fo r th e year 19 # .
Tho v a lu e o f t h is R nolysia la a ls o lim ite d by tite tim e covered#
t at records ln o lu e o n ly the records fo r the one y e a r ’ s buulnesa, 19J7#
I t I s r e a lis e d th; t v a r ia tio n s In lnoorae are a ffe c te d by n a tu ra l c o n d itio n s
Wyond th e c o n tr o l o f men am e l l as tho o r g a n ic tio n o f production fe e tore#
th e r e fo r e , l a con sid erin g th e r e s u lt s obtained fro * t h i s r o a ly e le , c o n sid e r ­
a tio n and a llo w m o es f o r th e n a tu ra l c o n d itio n s p r e v a ilin g a t th a t tim e,
n u st be rod e.
I
th er e -juo con sid era b le v a r ia tio n in the q u a lity ox’ records kept
by th e c lit m t a .
«ere very p o r .
rt.oordn
ero very #*»od «md accu n t e ly kept
h i l e o th ere
Wwre woe a. m nrut o f elieeklnft on tim In d iv id u a l c l i e n t s
I t n u t be Nrtaursnd th at on oh c l i e n t has lla t o d a l l o f hits Income «md e x peaces aa in s tr u c te d .
In or eh record used the in d iv id u a l item e n tr ie s ***#
t » s e e th a t th ey were p rop erly record ed ,
th e e iee e n y ta b le s o f Ihe
records used vere c a r e fu lly checked w ith in d iv id u a l I t e a e n t r i e s .
A com plete concep t o f a l l th e v a r ia tio n s In farm ort^utlAution and
o p era tio n s o f th e farm J o c u r lty c l i e n t s in Hontona cannot be had from t h is
stu d y but i t I s b e lie v e d th a t t h is study has accom plished th e p rpoae o f
portreylm th e RemerHl s it u a t io n in 1937 end in a broad way Im iloatln^
« * •* th e Aum J e e u r lty Admlnletr o tltsu , through I t s r e h a b ilit a tio n proeew i,
i s doln<. fo r end to the fa m ilie s in v o lv ed .
13 iVKT U
Yearly <Jwm»ry o f *mey R eceived and
Miwiey Pnld OeS by ^ elec te d
Fr ra .Security O llen ta In
MonSeno, 19.57
This unelyeL ' K«a mode from 145 Fnra F m lly IWrmrda kept by
R a * W ourlty c l i e n t s In Hmiteee 1» 1937.
com .
A ll o f th e record s cover the
Ii te ye r eo tr a n s e c tl ne from J jai zy I , 1937 to Jttmmry I , 19;> .
lo st
o f the c l i e n t s ln c lu ad In t h is a n a ly s is are a t nd' rd fo r a lo a n e a se s a l ­
though, ee
111 be seen from t ills a n a ly s is , d ir e s t r e l i e f in the lb ra o f
K eaettlem ent gran ts amounted to a co n sid e ra b le sum.
Stt Ptitry Table I In the Fkrm Fkmlly Record Ixmks was used fo r t h is
a n a ly s is .
The money receiv ed Is c l a s s i f i e d nai
ISaney rec e iv ed from the
s a le o f fterr p rod u cts, ^ e s e t t le m n t a d m in istra tio n lo a n s , and o th er e urcers.
Th* M oney
e ld o u t i s c l a s s i f i e d ea:
<mey paid o u t fo r f a r • b u s i n e s s , fam­
i l y l i v i n g , and p a y m e n ts on R eeottl ament A d n ln letra tlo n lo a n s and o th er d e b ts .
Table I sh o ts the y e a rly sternary o f money r eceiv ed nod money paid
o u t by
rri
Jiourlty c l i e n t s in :A>nuuia fo r 19.57.
type-of-fnrm ln,
ureas In the s t a t e .
th e Utrratry 1« » He by
( We fitv-Ufe I ) . I /
The average t o t a l amount o f money received by n i l th e c l i e n t s m s
1 1 ,4 5 4 . Ml.
A c a v e r w lncoise from th e fn m b u sin ess s n m t e d to e l i t t l e m r e
then 50 p er ^ent o f the t o t #1 ta-tney r e c e iv e d .
2/
The amount r eceiv ed from Fe-
Hbr a stsw tr y o f th e c h a r a c t e r is tic s o f th e t e j o r ty p es o f farming areas
In Montana, s e e Appendix a , IWgo 7 9 . O n mnsrnry woe taken from an unjttbl I Jhei study o f the typ es o f fa ra ln g in Montana Wtrte by the -Snntaw,
AgrlcsilturH l Erperlment s t a t io n In e-o p e r a tio n w ith th e Furiwu o f /Agri­
c u ltu r a l i. oerm loe, ‘U. .. >. .
DANIELS
GLACIER
TO O LE
LINC O LN
BLAINE
FLA THEAD
CHOUTEAU
RICHLAND
LAKE
MC CONE
CASCADE
MEAGHER
BR OA D­
WATER
DEER
LODGE
P E TR O ­
LEUM
JUDITH
BASIN
POW ELL
GRANITE
G ARFIELD
FERGUS
LEWIS
AND
CLARK
M IS S O U LA
RAVALLI,
WHEAT
LAND
TR EA-
ROSEBUD
1SURE
YELLO W STO NE
SWEET
GRASS
G A LLA ­
TIN
1 S T IL L ­
WATER
CARTER
PARK
BEAVERHEAD
DAWSON
,M U SSE LSH ELL
GOLDEN"
VALLEY
JE F F E R -
SILVER,
W 1BOW
MADISON
BIG HORN
Mont. S ta te C ollege A gri. Expt. S ta tio n
B u lle tin 367. Types o f Farming in Mont.
POWDER
RIVER
CARBON
Figure I
Ref:
ROOSEVELT
P H IL LIP S
TETON
SANDERS
VA LLEY
PONDERA
Type-of-Farmlng Areas
EAUL. 1 . — Bi,, LY HfcUt^ar 0 / WtiiKY |:..<3 J i , J . N ) W « Y P ID OUT
BY afcLfcGTKD r » M JSW JH ltT O L S 0T 4 IK MuVXAJCA - 1937
( Average Per Family fo r J t e t e end Type-O f-Fam lep nretie)
k u ;t
J t o t e & Ty e
T b tel , # t .
o f Fam ing No. o f o f Muney S a le o f
Keoorda Heoelved For* ProAreee
rtucta I /
sta te
Area
Ame
rea
Area
rea
Area
Arwu
•rea
.r e a
I
II
III
IV
V
TI
VU
VIII
IX
Ji^QLiVfJ) FH 14
_______ :■
i .ID ,.UT
to ta l M t.
Peyw11 on
o f JJoney
R e a e ttle R e se ttle * t
Paid Out
Fax*
FOmlly Adam. Leana
mont . dam. oth er
Soureaa
lkielneea L iving » Other D eta
Lonna
14»
$1464.38
*748.06
$362.89
$353.43
$1*58.42
^ 777.33
»446.52
$£31.57
21
39
13
7
1398.00
1616.56
1773.63
1127.75
653.86
767.00
851.45
333.35
271.57
449.64
398.15
442.36
473.16
# # » .•
5 4 .0 3
382.05
1419.98
1476.30
1695.64
1110.73
761.00
816.90
819.90
314.16
442.44
463.60
414.43
216.54
239.89
412.14
182.14
542.33
574.30
1 :1 5 .4 3
981.44
303.14
309.58
636.71
161.05
398.21
394.10
174.21
239.44
1260.22
1268.02
2000.00
1457.41
# # # * # - 446.96
706.79
430.38
1005.00
593.35
8 4 4 .3 3
437.69
160.88
134.91
401.27
175.49
wee
eeeaen
82
13
11
19
1843.68
1278.6#
1626.36
1381.93
Ineiudee A. .A .
IlotnentN find C ow erv tlo n Payriettta•
.
19
se ttle m e n t
dmln 1 st r a tio n loune end o th e r soureee emoh am im ted to about
o n e -fo u r th o f
to t e l m- ney rec e iv e i.
The nvtiTfifrm t o t a l waount o f » ney paid o u t p er f t w i ly w e
# 1 ,4 8 5 .4 2 o r #1*04 more them the t o t a l amount r e c e iv e d ,
th e t o t a l money
paid ou t fo r farm hueIneea am unted to nova tWm t o t a l lnoune from farm
bu®iaei;n ( Vfible I I . )
Ilte average amount paid out f a r fa m ily l l v l a , „44<i.biJ,
w a about J l ,ior c en t o f tlv) t o t a l money paid o u t .
d eb ts
Itee urount x Id out on
ue 6 5 .8 per s e n t o f th e money receiv ed fm n H eeettlo <nt loim e.
type o f fa m in e «mi*«e I , VI, 7 1 1 , and I l m- ,rted 'hr. even$re
t o t a l amount o f money receiv ed to be l e s s t u n the nvem ge t o t a l amount
paid o u t.
TItnre rare no records from
rou V.
ihe y e a rly siamary o f money rec e iv ed aid m n ey paid out by c o u n tie s
la shown In Appendix Ba Itebln 1X271. iBmitc were v ery few records from m e t
o f the oou n tie s >nd some cou n tIi s had no reeo rd e.
Ilia aver
v
a)town In
t h is ta b le m y o r nay n ot be ty p ic a l fo r the c o u n tie s TCpreaented because o f
the I t R lt it lo n o f th e a lz e o f th e sam ple.
Income iind
Fot the farm Bualneaa
Only th ree type-of-farm ln*. a rea s In the
V to ,
raea I I I , V IIl and
I , had a n e t cash Income fru> the far* buslneaa ( Table I I ) .
The averoro f o r
a l l the c l i e n t s whose records were analysed was a n et lo s s o f { !9.8?.
V IlI and IX had the I c r f;eet iw t lncoeo from farm b u sln ea e.
re*-a
Over SS per cant
o f a l l c l i e n t s tend « n e t lo a n fro" Uia fu m b u sin ess (Table I I I ) .
Ii n er
family liv in g
30.7%
RESETTLEMENT
ADM. LOAN
'“><5
FARM BUSINESS
51.4%
FARM BUSINESS
53.47.
OTHER LOANS
1. 3 7 .
C C O. 5%
MONEY RECEIVED
MONEY PAID OUT
Figure 2 .—D is tr ib u tio n o f Money Received and Money Paid Out by
Farm S e c u r ity C lie n ts in Montana - 1937
TAWA I I . -T O tA L C vi RBGHljT * , f r U I
»0iD bHT 0 ,Li HiJi-Ji1TJ -W KMT L -08 RK U FWW BL1JIKV »o
OF «1 KTBlP VAliii OSOUHITY CUJtKTJ Ul MWTWLv . 1937
(jvern ge Per F»«« fo r J te te «o4 T ype-of-ferm inr Arena)
T b tel Oaeh
Reoelpta from
J ta te
S 946.06
I 7 7 7 .3 3
Hmmi
I
XI
III
IV
V
VI
VU
VUI
U
663.86
767.00
061.46
333.36
761.00
8 1 6 .SO
819.90
614.16
—
688.39
706.79
1006.00
844.33
I
Oaah -xpenae
fo r Farm
Byslnaea
C
I
itfite fc Type
o f Farming
64ti»SS
674.90
1 2 18.43
901.44
Met Ceah Re*
ov lpta o r Hat Ioea
from h sm Pualneae
I
-2 9 .2 7
-1 0 7 .1 4
-4 9 .8 0
31.58
-1 8 0 .8 1
-1 1 0 .1 6
-13 4 .8 9
H O .4 3
137.11
&
I
- es z m j s i n , — p »« cm 4t o r m i i i t&.vmo m r utw nui
>om MT m a t m j m m
t x a n m x i for
- .
iita te and Tyjie o f
Ffer tor. rena
S ta te
re*
irmm
Ame
Area
•ree
Area
me
Area
Area
I
Il
III
IV
V
VI
V lI
V IU
IX
-
-
,
.
!Set Looses
Iiet ln e o m
5 2 .4
4 7 .6
6 1 .9
5 6 .4
a8 .5
9 1 .4
3 8 .1
4 3 .6
6 1 .5
2 0 .6
-
-
• 3 .6
6 1 .6
5 4 .5
1 5 .8
3 6 .4
3 8 .4
4 5 .5
8 4 .8
TABUS IV___DMTBIBUnCK OF 145 F.Jdd FAMHJUiti CLAtitiIFIjTO OK T tt
•
BAtiIti OF HXT <WM BiCtiIB ETtOH FARH WiilHXtiJi
by TYfB-OF-Fjaamro ARlLU - 19.37
Met IneoRe from
Ffem LAislneao
All Ffeme
Aet L ossee, n il
S l eOOO - $1,9 9 9
500 999
400 499
300 399
300 299
100 199
Lesa tliim ICO
Aet Incuraes, />11
I
O -S
99
100 199
200 299
300 399
400 499
500 599
1 ,0 0 0 - 1 ,9 9 9
2 ,0 0 0 - 2,999
S tete
Tfetal
I
11
TI
HI
145
21
39
13
76
13
22
3
9
7
14
12
17
14
2
I
3
3
3
2
3
3
69
8
17
16
19
7
9
4
13
I
I
2
2
I
I
I
I
8
8
B
3
3
8
I
I
I
4
k .Vl-■
V
VI
VH f i l l
lx
7
-
m
13
11
19
5
8
-
14
8
6
3
I
-
-
8
I
2
-
-
2
3
3
4
I
S
I
S
I
I
8
5
5
16
4
I
I
I
2
-
2
8
2
3
A -O ? -:
If
-
I
I
I
2
2
2
a
2
I
I
- £ I
I -
3
-
I
-
-
-
I
I
I
I
-
3
-
2
I
-
I
-
I
-
I
2
3
i
—
1 .3
—
per c en t o f th e c l i e n t s h- d a n e t I oho in Aren IV than in any o th er mreo.
rena I I I
nd I a were tlko o n ly arena th- t hud More e lie n t # w ith a n et In -
oome them tltono iiavtn#? e n e t lo n e .
The n e t lnoone from the fn m bualnesa fo r the in d iv id u a l c lie n t s
v aried from a n e t lnoome o f
2 , V7.09 to e n e t lo s s o f ,Me796.28e
Tnfclo
IV aliown th e d in tr ib iition o f th e farm fa m ilie s e l a s e l f i e d on the b a sis o f
n e t cash income from farm buslneao by type-of-fart-, in, a rea s •
Income from o th e r -kmrceo
The income fron o th er souroea shoun in Thhle I in c lu d e s income
from r e h a b ilit a t io n g r a n ts, e a e n e n o y
ork r e l i e f , 0 . 0 . 0 . , otim r lt oor und
rfilaoellnneoua r e c e ip t s , and lonne o th er then from the R esettle; iont .•,.toinI a tr titlo n .
Table V shows th e o ln s s i f ic e tio n o f the cash r e c e ip ts from o th er
so u ro ea .
Qremts make up th e g r e a te st p o rtio n o f t h i s Income.
The average
amount o f grants receiv ed during 193V by n i l the c l i e n t s was
average lnooro fro n g r m ta receiv ed by c lie n t s In
I i*
rtf
liv e ly .
-M
J
r
«:.t
r
c
t o’if**•!
reus Vl
U .V
I t Ie s ig n if i c a n t to n ote th a t the c l i e n t s in
r>.i
ltd
I JB.Oil.
I I , the
.
- ./•
reea VIII end I a
r e c e iv ed l e s s income from (grants than the o th e r areas end th a t Htey
u I the I
The
nver.-ftt net incotm fn m the fern Lxmineaa.
Ino
-
tAWA v , —O L A d jm O A n w o r Oajh u i r a s i m hiok o m u t ^ obhcbs
FCXR a ,JLWTKD FAKX JFCUKIlY CU^iTJ IR MORT.-N - 1937
(Avomge Per Fim lly t V
J ta te & Type
o f Feralng
reee
sta te
Area
Area
Aree
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
Area
I/
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VIX
fill
II
Lumber
of
Tocords
I b ta l Money
Keoolvad
R e h e b lllfrom Other ta tio n
Grunts
Oouroes
148
§ 353.43
$ 138.08
SI
39
13
7
473.15
899.58
8 2 4 .0 3
352.05
17 5 .1 3
133.79
96.18
181.73
—*»
0 5 .1 8
264.85
39.49
1 0 .6 8
-
82
13
U
19
^ate find Type-Of-Ftimlng > rens)
398.21
394.10
174.21
239.44
m m ? iw iL iviw FIiOM
Other Labor Lowm Other
Government
& 'I a c l.
than W s e ttle 0 .0 .0 .
R eceipts £ / lent Jjr-Ii.
,uzk
$
47, 7
4 1 .1 6
2 7.13
128.29
199.33
—
8 0 .3 4
6 .7 7
1 .1 5
S
b. 64
S 143.88
9 .3 4
1 .7 7
7 .6 9
—
—
9 .0 9
1 9 .3 3
198.94
120.40
282.89
1 .00
—
82.46
97.10
126.39
Ml2.4 0
8.8 9
$
18.86
88.88
1 6 .8 3
;:9.01
—
-11.14
6.1b
7 .1 8
7.47
Iheae fig u r e s are r e la t iv e l y low eonpared « lth the o u tsid e la b o r and m lseelluneuua lnoome as
reported by Dr. Cat1I F, K iw m w l In h ie recen t stud y. Hla study sh oes the avexege In oow from
Jlde Labor end M iscellaneous ^ ervloee a s $436.95 fo r a l l fa m ilie s s tu d ie d , $410.38 In MiCone
K
,
r e r , 3451.98 In F lath ead , and 8505.05 In Lake County. "-opulBtion
b U lll t y In e le c te d tantona Fam Oorraml t i e s
Montane ^ tr ie u ltu m l Xjorlnent >ta t Ion, Bul­
l e t i n Mo. J71, 1939.
. y JK
v. H U fJvq
the avemmry o f tlie CriOh oport tio n s fo r 19.57 la shown In Thble
V I,
S w avexwiw farm o p era tio n s r e s u lte d In a n e t lo s e o f #23#27.
Other
earnings# lncltnl in , lm tom from to verm-wit tirk , o th er la b o r nod min c e l lin eou a r e c e ip ts
nd income fru-n J . J .J .
ln,va as $167*22#
The o th e r r e c e ip ts m t e lo a o lf le v ne earn in a eueh « sj
He a e ttle n a n t
5 0 9 .8 ,).
^H y 196.49 IenwlrM Vte n et e.>m-
d m tB lstratlon grants und lo a n s ,
The n e t r e c e ip ts from cash oper tio n s
M o th er Icmw .n-untod to
m
67 7 .Ub, tn la vns the
Amount l e f t fron «hioh th e fam ily Iiw ln t expenaee and p&yesent on debts
■ net be made.
678.09 o r
The eowblned amount paid cm d eb ts end $ a r fa m ily llw tn g e s s
1 .0 4 i-xire then Ub n et r e c e ip ts ilnm cnrh o p e n t lo o a .
ln n lcn teu th a t some
:.evInniTt
Hils
o f the wash expanoea a r e paid by money on hrnid « t tiie
o f Uio ye r .
—
—
trtJSLu V le- J t A D f tirIiT Oi
OTtit TlaBJ
jitiau FAiBi JfcOtiRm o u s r a ® hubtaHa - m j v
(Average per FtM lly)
I.
ra Upermlio n s :
S 740.06
777. .33
C ask ln o o a e
Oeah &xp«noee
Het lnooae
2#
-
Other wtm lik s :
GoveriMent -ork
Jtht r I f l or end
OeCeGe
S
'Inc.
ee#
4 7 .2 7
142.86
6 .6 4
196.49
Ib te l
Je
Jthmr R eoelptes
. le Jrttnts
;.
Inane
Other lo en e
’
_
S 13 0 .0 6
.i>. »ifJ
16.06
aoe^aa
Yotel
4.
TJtal Iieoelpta from a ll Opemtlcma:
5.
Caah -aid u u ti
FmAlly L ivin g
-iyiacnt on d eb ts
T otal
6.
„
-ount ptild out over t o t a l ren elp -til
677.0ti
3 44 '.b~
) l eb7
,• 676.09
1 .0 4
87 PMiT U I
ax, o a s e s fo r
H vlw r
I t would be la to r e s tin g to know the t o t a l valu e o f the fam ily
l i v i n g , Iaolu d ln g a l l food s end s e r v ic e s used whether they were obtained
by d ir e c t purchase* o r produced on th e fe r n .
The valu e o f the fam ily l i v ­
in g fu rn ish ed by tin fe r n could not be obtained from th e c l i e n t s
records were s tu d ie d , j /
Those
T his a n a ly s is Ie lim ite d to the cash c o s t o f
fam ily l i v i n g secured f n w th e recorde o f 163 fn m S e c u r ity C lie n ts in
fcnteju* to r th e year 1937.
Thnee records in d ica ted co n sid era b le v a r ia tio n in cash c o o t o f
f i ^ i l y li v i n g
1 ,000
» r fa m ily ; th e t o t a l c o s t ranging from # 7 0 ,0 0 to n ea rly
{'T ,bio m ) .
The JLangeot proj r t lo n o f a l l f a m ilie s , 8 8 .2 per cen t
had * dash c o s t o f fa m ily l i v i n g ranging between #3*0 end $470.
Over 6 4 .4
p er c en t o f a l l the e l le site had ft t o t a l cash c o s t o f fa m ily li v i n g l e s s
th»n
470 p er fa m ily .
Iienrly IS per c e n t o f the A m ille s hml c« ah expenses
l e s s than *870 to r fa m ily l i v i n g .
Ihe cash expenaee to r tomI ly l i v i n g lnelu dea expenses fo r food ,
household o p e r a tio n , o lo th ln . , h e w in g , fu r n ish Inra end ec lp o e n t, medical
c o r e , personal e x p e n d itu r es, end expenses t o r ed u ca tio n , r e c r e a tio n , church
A stud y made o f the d o st o f 'LlVlnr o f Jdontena' F sm fam lTlee by h r . J e s s ie
£ • Hlehnrdeon o f the Department o f Home iLoomsiloe shcn a th e co n trib u tio n
o f tlm farm to fam ily li v i n g na fo llo w s : Food - 1 6 0 4 .3 2 , housing - ; 8 6 .
o r e t o t a l o f $8 3 0 .3 8 . ‘The ts a lity o f L ivin g In %ntene Farm Ita m a * ,
-kmtana r r lo u lttm il JSwnHmeet s t a t io n , I S ille tln No. 260 - 1933, p. 1 9 .
The fa m ilie s rep resen ted In P r. Rlchardson*e stud y were In the more suc­
c e s s f u l h ig h er Lncown ,groups end would n o t bs ecenwruble to r e h a b ilita ­
tio n c l i e n t s .
• £8 W
ttiius ViI.—iJi-rmiixjTi M or isa r^ai r .Jilikj
(SUttkSimD ON m B*S2y O. CAflB GXVt or
F uIILY LIVING _ 1937
C$e»h Ooet
of
___ r
UvUttt
*
LttRbor
of
. ...... ...................FeRllIgp
Percent
70 - 169.99
4
2 .4
170 - 269.99
20
1 2 .3
270 - 369.99
30
2 1 .5
370 - 469.99
46
2 8 .3
470 - 569.99
30
1 6 .4
570 - 669.99
17
1 0 .8
670 - 76 9 .9 9
S
3 .1
770 - 8 6 9 .9 9
4
2 .4
HTO w 969.99
S
1 .2
T„feU$ m i . —Civiii SLU=StaBi you t.o m x um iG ok isam m o farm aaounm cuehtj in akwt^ u
AVBR vOB PKR FaMILT BY I ;* DF FMlOLY GHOUiU - 19a?
S iz e
of
Family
T otal
N w ber
Ceeh Kxof
pensea fo r
Fem lllea Family Liv­
in g
Food
A ll Fam­
i l i e s (4 .9 } IGJ
I
S
3
4
8
6
7
8
9
10
U
18
I
19
31
38
84
16
14
6
18
I
I
3
LausohoId
Operetiom
I 4 )1.88
9 ,3 8 .9 7
I 2 9 .1 6
193.36
891.03
364.99
419.01
486.89
490.18
439.11
4 ,6 .1 9
543.44
870.69
626.34
84 .1 4
4 9.00
1&A.38
197.18
w l.H
258.98
882.61
L64.98
211.85
279.98
313.93
4 1 .5 0
488.32
39.00
31.07
26.41
£ 0 .8 3
29.40
32.19
29.81
28.31
35.74
1 4 .1 1
94.91
8 0 .4 3
TOSaL OAiKi KViikim FOi Housing
FurnIahIng end
Serson al
Medioal
BquipSxpeadlC lothing aernt
Cere
turea
# 7 0 .8 2
104.36
?.'? ■
8 1 .1 8
68.97
8 3.67
6 7 .7 4
8 4 .1 6
6 6 .1 3
HF,.54
169.44
94.68
15...94
I 31.16
16.36
31.33
31.88
32.91
38.64
1 8.21
82.06
39.99
32.60
7 2 .8 5
54.00
$ 34.93
26.46
1 9.30
27.56
26.55
38.68
13.08
1 3 .6 3
4 4 .5 6
1 9 .4 8
6 .78
86.58
I 13.21
BAueetloni
B eoreattoni
Ohurehi # 1fa r e j O lfte
t « 6.10
m
ee
9 .3 3
13.28
14.30
1 5.31
1 4.32
7 .7 9
1 6 ,2 8
1 7.44
6.7 0
11.59
36.3L
24.96
.49.57
34.06
84.13
38,23
13.27
84.26
15.65
28.27
•
14.60
- .50
w elfare and g i f t s .
Ik b le f i l l shows the s unitary o f th e oesh e x p e ^ e a fo r
fa m ily li v i n g by s i z e o f f m l l y groups.
In g e n e r a l, th e c o s t o f fam ily
l i v i n g ln creo a es w ith an lnerenae in th e s i z e o f the fa m ily , hut does n ot
In crease In proportion to th e in crea se la e l s e o f fa m ily .
la due la r g e ly to th e in creased c o s t o f food and c lo th in g .
o f o th e r lt e a e o f fa m ily li v i n g tended to be
%a in c r ea se
Iho c ah c o a ts
txjut the mme fo r the d if f e r ­
en t s i z e fa m ilie s me e group, but a s la s h o w In ta b le IX a s th e s i z e o f
fa m ily increased th ere me a ten d s e y fo r c o s t per person to d ecren se.
Varl
a tlo n a In the amount o f ^goede produced on the farm and the purchase p r ic e
o f o o k m d itie ii th a t were purchaoed e r e f e e to m th a t in flu e n c e the cash
o o s t o f fam ily l i v i n g .
There » ?»b a gen eral tendency f o r cash o o s t per person to decrease
ns the s i e o f fam ily Increased ( Thble l x ) .
Tills tcndoncy was true fo r
e l l Items ex cep t c lo th I jw ex p en ses.
Cash expenses f o r food were 5 4 .7 per c en t o f th e t o t a l expensuw
per fam ily f o r a l l the c l i e n t s (Table
There
no some Varla--Ion by e l s e
o f fam ily group a o f the per c en t d is tr ib u tio n o f the cosh ex p e n ses.
There
was a tendency f o r the p er c en t o f the cash expenses p er person fo r food
and c lo th in g to In crease as the e l s e o f fa m ily In creased .
Food and c lo th in g
mere th e two la r g e s t Items o f exp en se.
The average t o t a l expense f o r fam ily liv in g by s i z e o f fam ily
gm ups Mti< very c lo s e to Idie s t a t e budget ( Tuble X I).
Ho* o v e r . In the
d is tr ib u tio n o f th e expenses th ere *as co n sid era b le v a r ia tio n between th e
FOOD 27.8%
FOOD 55.2%
ESTIMATED BUDGET
ACTUAL EXPENSES
Figure 3 . —Comparison o f the d is tr ib u tio n o f the Cash Cost o f Family
L ivin g o f Farm S e c u r ity C lie n ts in Montana - 1937 w ith the
Estim ated Budget, fo r the s i z e fa m ily o f 4 (See Table XII)
TvBLS !X e -C- >’! . v"dv.>' ■- f ' V ..-"ILY UVJvS 0# JXUttHD FARMSXCrJRITT CUXRW 0; H MTAfiA
AVXRAOX SiR m < s m BT I 4 o r F MiLY o aoura - 19S7
S la e
of
Family
T otal
Iiiaebor
Oeeh I x of
penaee f o r
F am ilies Femily U t ln«
Food
A ll FemI l l e e ( 4 .9 ) 183
I
X
3
4
8
6
7
8
9
IU
U
IS
I
19
31
38
84
16
14
6
IS
I
I
3
$
88.01
» 4 8 .1 4
192.3#
148.81
121.66
104.76
9 7 .SB
8 3 .0 3
6 2 .7 3
83.2?
60.41
6 7.07
36.94
7 0 .1 8
4 9 .0 0
7 9 .1 9
6 6 .7 3
8 7.78
6 1 .7 8
4 7 .1 0
37.88
26.44
31.10
31.39
31.08
4 0 .6 3
Household
JgKiratioa
I
5 .9 5
39.00
1 8 .5 4
8 .8 0
5 .1 3
5 .8 8
8 .3 6
4 .8 6
3 .8 4
3.97
1.4 1
8 .6 3
6 .7 0
TQTTnL GA >11 XAPWiSW FOR.
Hoyslog
FurnlahPereonal
In g and
Medleal
XxpendiS q u lp ment
Oare
turee
OlotbilljR
M uaatlong
R ecreatioa;
Obureh; . e l fa r e ; O lfte
I
I
1 4 .4 8
104.36
18.91
1 7 .0 6
1 7 .1 7
1 6 .7 3
11.29
1 8 .0 8
8 .3 7
1 2 .0 0
1 5 .9 4
8 .6 1
1 2 .7 4
I
6 .3 6
$
6 .09
I
8 .6 9
5 .3 3
m
8 .1 8
10.44
7 .9 7
6 ,6 8
6 .4 4
8 .1 ?
8.8 1
4 .4 5
3 .2 8
6 .6 2
4 .5 0
1 3 .2 3
6 .4 3
6.89
5.31
4 .7 7
1 .8 7
1.69
4 .9 7
1 .9 8
.61
2 .1 3
4 .6 6
4 .4 3
3.87
3 .0 6
8.3 9
1 .1 1
8 .0 4
1 .9 8
.6 7
1 .2 8
5«80
8.7 ?
6.8 4
7.9 1
5 .6 8
3.45
4 .7 8
1.47
8 .4 3
1.42
8.36
T tBLK U — i .-JiOI-STttflS DJU TRiaJTl S OF CnTH . a .Ji-« 5 FOR FAUILY LlHKO W
SjkLitiJTKD FAiU SBCimmr CmKTd M EmTriKA BY S iz e OF FAMILY (Jti )UI1J . 19.57
(Bused on Avernfie C osts Fer F sm lly)
KhKCaiT:OK TIJTtUBUT!3
BswlflS
I -T
B eN s
of
of
Family
F am ilies
__________________________ F' c-g
A ll FamUloa ( 4 . 9 )
10
U
IS
Household
C ln th ln f
FtaSBlShInfi end
I1Orscmnl
EquipMedloel
Fxpeodlr en t______ J ire______ tnrea
IlM M ttiiai
R eereetlen$
Cbureht # 1 fa re: G ifts
163
8 4 .7
6 .6
1 6 .4
9 .8
8 .8
3 .1
6 .0
I
19
a
36
:j4
16
14
6
IL
I
I
3
3 5 .8
5 4 .4
5 4 .0
58. 8
6 3 .8
56 .9
8 0 .3
4 9 .6
8 1 .5
5 6 .0
5 4 .5
5 7 .7
8 0 .3
1 0 .9
9 .8
4 .9
6 .0
6 .6
6 .8
6 .7
6 .6
2 .5
1 6 .8
9 .6
6 4 .2
1 3 .0
1 4 .0
1 6 .4
1 9 .8
1 3 .6
1 9 .1
1 6 .6
a o .9
2 9 .9
1 5 .1
1 8 .2
_
—*
9 .1
5 .4
6 .6
6 .6
6 .9
3 .0
3 .2
8 .8
3 .4
1 .1
3 .0
•
*
3 .8
3 .6
3 .4
3 .8
2 .9
1 .0
3 .8
3 .8
1 .2
1 .7
4 .0
7 .8
b .s
8 .1
6 .6
6 .5
9 .0
8 .4
4 .3
2 .6
3 .4
5 .6
8 .6
9 .6
8 .8
7 .8
3 .5
1 8 .8
9 .4
5 .7
1 1 .6
6 .4
I
8
I
*» <54 —
YniitB
op m m s m a m of yh* cash
oodT or family liybio *
IN WOKTAkA a im tHS ACTUAL c m RCPKiUias - 19.37
Uiae
of
F efiily
I/
Cf UH C UT OF F IILY LIVD U
AOtual
le t fe te *
Avweeae Tbtal
u<b*et fo r
C ost from
the Uttite I /
16 K«$eorto
I
I 213.00
I 192.36
8
S90.00
291.02
3
» « .0 0
.564.99
4
4 1 4 .0 0
41 9 .0 1
8
470-00
4 0 6 .2 9
6
Sil-OO
4 9 8 .1 8
7
572-00
439.11
8
62,5-00
426.19
9
6»4.00
8 * 3 .4 4
10
736.00
570.69
U
791.00
6386.3*
IS
842-00
8 4 2 .1 4
k a tlm te d by th e Form Jeoxzrity ^feiiuiatratio n .
«• oj) *•
eXitlmtefl end the uetenl «xj;en,‘H>a (Yohie t i l ami I iguxw J).
spent for fbod
am twlee the aaousit eatlmtteti.
'ilie amount
ne explf netlon of this
could be that the el leaats did not produce as mob fbod on the farm am had
been estimated.
Expenses for medical care nnd fo r eduoatlin, recreation,
church, welfsro and <rifts sere about the same as the eotim tee,
Ihe
other lteass o f expenses, boumehfilJ operation, hcuBtn, , AimIahInr» and
eculptaeet, and personal expenditures :^#re over estlm ted In the budget.
Table XII also aham a eonparleon o f the distribution of caeh ex­
pense* for family livin g between farm security c l lenta and farm families
studied In 1929-30 by the department of Horn Beoacmloa of the tgrloultarnl
Hbtperleent station, ‘kintnna Jteto College. I /
It la noteworthy that the
eaah expenses for family livin g for the ftsellles studied Sn 1929-30 were
over t Ice the amount sjimt by 3nm ieourlty Clients in 19%9.
Ho ever, i t
should be rom*^bered Idtot the families studied In 1929-30 were acre success­
fu l and could not be eonsldered typical of
are
ocurity Clients.
there wee m Indication free the records studied that the higher
labor Income groups cmjo efi a higher level of living (Table aI I I ) . 2 /
could fee argued
It
the lower income grouse usually Iwve larfrer A n llle s
l/
Richardson, Jeaslc . - The uallty of Uvliv In
Mentaua Experiment Utaticm Etolletln Ho. IjdQ.
g/
Hm higher ItWr income groups bed more livestock <m tluslr faxes end
».ma.
i t is quite possible that a larger amount of the family livin g wte furnlmhmd by the form than that o f the lower labor Income groups, however,
there is no nvl encc to support this oamrtptlon. for a definition of
labor income see footnote on page 44.
than the Mjhor lnoome
roupa and that the total onah ex erusea for family
living would naturally be hit her.
B it, this is not true for the mvorda
studied as is nhowt in Table XIII8 the average s l -e of the families in
the higher lnsone groups were about the unme as those In the lower Income
groups,
l heee records lndieete that the lev el of living o f fere families
i s largely influenced by habits and customs of the community.
- 37 ta sls m . — o »$
• s o r m * 01 / r , I # o r 5 m o ^ a t
couT o r r ^ iiL T t m s o o r JS L eerao fA m J s a u m w e u m r u m
wok
n i 19J7 a m am . / T i k / n 2 n m s T ; / m m ru u o a u *
c ai C u ? o r F JiiLY u v B sC m 1 9 2 9 - 1 9 jo
!tea of
JLxprooe
& ...
*1006.94 100.00
w m t
115.00
27.0
231.11
53.5?
141.37
31.3
Juusehald Operation
70.00
16.9
20.5.1
4.9
157.54
14.6
Clcthing
80.00
30.5
68.67
16.4
109.37
17.4
Housing, Fuzsiishtoga
end Lqulpaant
69.00
16.7
n .m
9 .6
114.99
10.5
Helical Care
30.00
7.3
527.86
Cl
Ibtal
SatWited
Budget for
ji-vernflB 31TC
Fimlly o f 4,
1937 j /
■fs tmt
100.00
414.00
, veruee
XStUfll C oh
iixr>enoea for
ven>se las
Ftoilly o f 4.5
free 40 Rec­
ords, 1929—
195» &
veroee
otmal Cffciih
Expenses Ibr
Average Ixe
FoMily of 4
f*o« 35 Rec­
ords. 1937 n/
MBWt ...
ICO.00
3419.01
10,8 j
80.00
4.0
14.30
)
3.4 )
110.91
Peraonal
Education, FectTCstlon;
Church; dfm rc; Gifts
520.00
6.0
34.96
5.9
174.96
1 6 .1
Food
)
I/
sstlastod b j the Fima Joourity .^slnlstrt t ion
2/
Theae 35 records " a # Fam J e ey r ity e lle n t u IncludmJ o n ly the f n j lli.e e
it h 4 in th e htJtwelk l d .
3/
Flchnraatm, Jataie K. - The unlit of LivW to Montoa. Fem Iiowea MMrtew EtperSnwit Jtatlen Bulletin Md. MO. These figure# TCffMMflUt
the a v erse onah erfmostee for e l l feetilles.
£/
the coal: exp<mse« for pe monel end Kedieel care
ere sho e tOi Othor,
- .TB - ‘i i l . — V '»1 . I S BR OAUH OKiT OF AdEILT LIVJDSOe
or iimoTso Fajbs JKtnmiTr G t i u r m
m
m m m
m
LABtJK IKUdfis Grf-Uto - 1937
( . Ven .fie per /teaU y)
Group
Kunber
of
Keeorde
__
Coah
Coat of
Jfcrilly
Ltibor luoofiK
Jlaee
of
jtverttfw
I
IC
S leOOO and over
II
10
BOO ~ $99#
III
SB
IV
29
T
U
VI
9
#1,495
9863
5.6
675
414
6.0
1-499
194
4.13
4.8
O - -499
-246
433
5.0
-SSOO - -999
-721
497
5.6
504
6.9
- I eOOO nnd over
-1,619
39
PART I?
Patw Uramal Tatloa on F m a
Farm security Client* in
by
. 1%^?
Ihe r « m organ l n tlo n v a r ie s tilth the gen eral con.iltio n a and
typen o f fe m la g throu#Ueout the s t a t e ,
Ihe H a lt e d aunber o f re<k>rd»
a v a ila b le fb r t h is a n a ly s is otm do zm s o r e then she* th e o r g a n isa tio n on
th e fe z e s stu d ie d fdtid I n d ic a te , In a breed
th e s t a t e under which Fbzw
'!here
y s is .
a y , the M eneral co n d itio n s In
e o u r lty C llm t a operated in 19.57.
era o n ly 97 com plete fn m records a v a ila b le ft»r t h is a n a l­
The casli r e o e ip te and expenaeo were obtained fror. th e a c tu a l records
o f the c l i e n t s w hile a l l In v en to ries and a c r e s and y ie ld s o f crops
tain ed from the ia r a Plane prepared by t e e C o m ty
e r e ob­
oh* h i l l t u t Ion su p e r v iso r s .
i& a s L tiL h m
th e average s i z e f e z e o p e r a te l by th e c l i e n t s stu d ie d ,yna 743
a cres (Table JV ) .
This I s somewhat sm a lle r than th e average s iz e T m o f
940 a cres reported by e l l t im e r s in the s t a t e in th e 1936 A g ricu ltu ra l
Cemms.
e ah 11 a ls o s e e from the a n a ly s is o f ru ral r e l i e f c l i e n t s In
Oeason County th a t th e farms operated by r l i e f c l i e n t s are sm a ller than
th e average e l e farm.
The c l i e n t s In ty p e ■of-farelnM
the la r g e r feraas.
The c l i e n t s In
rm.n V III, I I I , ami VII r e ^ r t e u
zee IX reported tee a m U e r fi-.ms e v e r -
Hglnt o n ly HO a c r e s .
Tbe average a c r e s In postu re w e 489 and th e t o t a l crop land w e
2.59 a c r e s .
Ib ere earn more v a r ia tio n In the neree In p astu re by ty p e - o f-
40
ife&xji m . —domtii w w t m , a o u s it;
.
a m m m a u u ? im
Yijs-Lo . ^ek -am i,
FOR iUUjiXEbit} Fitffll y AtiUkm tiUSOTte - 19J?
(A v e n w
or Fore fo r S t s t e end T yp e-of-F am lag tr e e s )
#
S t e t e end
IV p e-ofFanalng
rea
S ta te
tree I
U
111
tv
tf
W
VI
VI I
V lII
IX
Hunber
of
Ib tn l
varea
In
M m
Anr es
In
FziBture
T btal
Crop
area
97
743
459
339
73
4 .9
15
38
9
4
96b
496
1078
640
717
sms
nu
836
238
5306
808
398
8»
41
74
109
1 .5
1 5 .2
3 .1
-
a
10
6
13
64b
1071
1534
UO
416
576
1098
60
222
439
391
48
no
186
123
8
4 .8
2 .7
1 .6
1 1 .5
Acres
in
heat
-Iumt Y ield
Per Acre
iim h els
- 41
feurrilng a
ttian tlw pe was in t o t t i l cro p lan d *
Ib e c l i e n t s i n
re * f i l l
r e - o r t e d an a v erag e a c r e s ;# In p a s tu r e a s 1 ,0 3 8 a c r e s , th e l a r p e e t r e p o r t­
ed by any a r e a .
M n w b e in g
The o l le ittn In Area V Il re p o rte d an --Veror e o f CW cro p
n e a r ly tw ic e th e a v e ra g e a c r e s
e p o rte d by a l l th e c lie n ts *
The v a r ia tio n # i n s i z e o f farm by te n u re e la a a e # - I th ln th e ty p e ,
o f-fe rm ln tt a re a # i s shewn l a Appendix 0.
The re c o rd s do n o t in d ic a te any
d e f i n i t e tendency o f r e la tio n s b lp e e x i s t i n g betw een Uss te n u re cla«>sea*
o re s In
h e a t and
h e a t Y lelda
Tbe a v erag e acre * In w heat re p o rte d by a l l th e c l i e n t s s tu d ie d
wee o n ly 73 a c r e s and th e a v e rt* # y lu ld p e r a c r e
n s 4*3 b u sh els*
Jho l a r ­
g e s t a v e ra g e a c re a g e s o f rSieut re p o rte d by c l lanfet in any are* ms 186 a c re *
fo r
re a f l l .
fo r re n i
The s m a lle s t a c re a g e report*?
by any are* was o n ly 8
e ra s
The ln r p o a t a v e ro re y ie ld p e r a c r e tms l b .2 J is h e ls o b ta in e d
by c l i e n t s In
ran 1 1,
The c l i e n t s In Area V lI l re ; o r te d th* s m a lle s t a v e r -
y i e l d p e r a c r e o f o n ly 1*6 V-unhela*
fonseam I m o f L iv esto ck
D m s M f s g c in v e stm e n t In llv e e te e it f o r e l l u lle o to s tu d ie d s e e
#833*
(T able
V ).
In t e r m o f an im al u n i t s th e a v e n u # ln c r m u e frtsa
J nuary I , 1337 to J a n u a ry I , 1939 was *6L. 3 /
I* .
r e med In t e r m o f ma­
tu r e e q u iv a le n ts th e e v ereg e w e ib ers o f liv e s to c k re p o rte d by a l l c l i e n t s
w ere:
4 h o r s e s , 16 c a t t l e , 66 c h ic «ms, g t u r k s y s ,
E hog* and 7 s h e e p .
\ j ' s e ani% #l u n i t o awjls' one 'aafeire" hors# C3r leow," "fbur m l v e s , two y w r I i n g h e i f e r s , s t e e r s or c o l t s , f i v e m ark et bo*#, o i h t sh o te ts, one sow
w ith p ig s , f o u r sow s, sev en sh e e p , fo u rte e n I m b s , f i f t y tu rk e y s o r one
himdred h # ts*
% IiLS CV.—*ST ttUHOi IM TOT^iL MIMaL UNIT ; , ,,VKHAOg V UJK W ALL LIVLiTOSK,
AMD HUtii iikd OF MUMOIPAL KXSDd OF LIVKdTOCK FOR SStiMtBD TMU d SM UTY CLIKNTti Bi WST.'MA - 1937
( Avemge per Farm to r J te te end T ype-of-F am ing Areea)
J te te and
T ype-ofFanalng
Area
Sueber
of
Records
S ta te
A re a I
II
III
XV
V
TI
VlX
VIII
IX
I/
Leee than .5
N et Ohenge
in T ot.A n is a l U nits
during the
Xeor
97
/ .6 2
18
38
9
4
/1 .1 0
- .8 4
-0 .6 8
- 2 .0 0
—
e
10
6
13
ee
/ 7 .3 8
/ .3 8
/3 .2 3
/ .8 9
verage
valu e o f
a l l liv e ­
sto ck ____
S
Nunber o f Llveatook
(Mature K quivelent)
Iioreea
C n ttle
Ohlckena
838
4
10
65
2
2
7
984
894
867
298
—
867
378
1683
604
4
4
3
3
—
3
2
7
2
11
9
14
3
47
49
43
18
—
82
47
121
136
3
4
3
—
I
8
I
11
U
I/
•
•
R
i
i
2
2
12
'
10
6
24
7
Turkeys JfoKB
V
I
a
2
y—
Ihoeo
-
3
fbe Hvert,tee JUnreeteient in liv e e to e k by c l i e n t s in Area f i l l was
# 1 ,6 6 3 and mm the l i z y a t reported fo r any a r ea ,
th e a m i le n t average
investm ent in liv e s t o c k m s reported by c l i e n t s in Area I f and see o n ly
#2*8*
The average numbera o f liv e s t o c k m p o r te l from Area IV Mere 3 hor­
s e s , o sores and 18 c h ic k e n s.
Ihs v a r ia tio n s in numbers o f p r in c ip a l kinds o f liv e s t o c k sad
investm ents in liv e s to c k Uy tenure c la s s e s w ith in the ty p s -o f-fa r a ln #
areas are shoun in Appendix 9 .
th e importance o f liv e s to c k In the forts orgnnl ^ticnu and th e ir
r e la t io n to th e s u c c e s s o f th e farm o p erator in Montana w i l l U d iscu ssed
la te r ,
- 44 P~BT f
y ip a n o la l JwmaXT o f Fana
and
Fmatorm ,W w gitited %lth Labor Iaooiaa
Hie sticoeaa o f eiyr Vmtinesa e n te r p r ise tdmiher i t 1« fa m in e ,
bank 1» , m anufacturing, m ereaoadleiag o r any o th e r , i s ju ged by i t s
a b i l i t y to pro dues an lnatm t' to the operate r ,
lb t a i <teah ro eeip ta o r n et
eash r e c e ip ts from fa m in g are In io t l rm o f atont the op era to r receiv o e
f o r h is la b o r , but th ere are a ls o o th e r lmuortont C onsidem tlona to be mode.
The operator could Inoiw iae h ie cash r e c e ip ts by deertm elng h ie in v en to ry ,
o r , on the o th e r hand, ho mi lit during the year accumulate c a p it a l a took
Mhloh should bo con al iered a s an Income,
Inventory ln creesea m is t be r-tfclded
to th e n et each r e c e ip ts a n ! in ven tory d e r e a o p e must be su b tracted to ob­
ta in the retu rn s to la b o r and c a p it a l .
la
The charge ft»r the use o f C ap ital
e te r n ise d by the goin g r a te o f in t e r e s t , S per cen t in t h i s o a e , and
la Roaputed on the average t o t a l investm ent.
Ihe in t e r e s t on investm ent
I s subtracted from tiw retu rn s to c a p ita l sad la b o r and the rem in d e r i s
le b o r income. I /
J/
Labor Inoosae ran be used to determ ine the fin a n c ia l
la b o r income u s u a lly r e fe r s to th e op erators la b o r earn iirns o n ly . I t
I s computed by f i r s t coding to g e th e r th e cech fa n s r e c e ip t s , fo ra per­
q u i s i t e s , nd any in c r e a se In n e t fa r a c a p ita l; from t h i s t o t a l i s de­
ducted the sun o f cash farm ex p en ses, any decrease In n e t farm c a p it a l,
c o s t o f board In? hired la b o r , a charge f o r the uae o f n e t farm c a p ita l
fig u red a t b per c e n t, and a charge fo r th e s e r v ic e s o f unpaid fam ily
labor o th e r thun th e of eui t o r s . Ihe v a lu e o f the f u r p r l s i t c a was
n o t a v a ila b le fo r the farms included in t h is study and n e ith e r w o th ere
sa y expenses deducted f o r th e c o s t o f boarding h ired le b o r , o r a charge
fo r the ere ic e s o f unpaid fam ily la b o r . Labor in co n e, hs used h ere,
rep resen ts th e la b o r ram in gn o f the o p era to rs ttm w e ll as th a t o f o ttier
w sbere o f the fam ily mho worked on the farm, e e lu s iv e o f th« value
o f oods ^uralahnd by the farm.
a> 45 *»
sueoeae o f the fern o r g a n iz a tio n .
harm th e r v t u n m
to oisp itiil and la b o r
are w eedier then the ehfirge fo r the ur,e o f O u p ltel, le b o r lnctomi w ill be e
a Inua q u a n tity .
The flm m o la l e w m e r y o f t h e f u m bus l n e a e b y ty p e-o f-fcrm ln g
areas l e e h o e e l a T h b l # X fIe
the o lie n t a stu d ied wee
The a v e r a g e t o t a l f a r # r e c e i p t s f o r a l l
#21.
le a v in g a n e t l o s e o f *‘6 8 .
Total o sf farm expenecia averaged 3809,
The
155 n e t ln o r e ese in ftura e n p i t a l when add­
ed to th l-3 amount g iv e s an average return to c a p i t a l and l a b o r o f
17.
I n te r e s t e h ,rgen o f SlSS deducted from '87 le a v e s a Binus 368 labor income.
l e t cash r e c e ip ts w ire h ig h er in area V III averaging 3119 end
were lo w e st in area VI av*rifiln#| e minus 02Od.
VIIX and IA had p o s it iv e n e t Onah r e c e ip t s .
Qttly th ree a r e a s . I I I ,
Moat o f the c l i e n t s Q tulled
had e n e t inorenae in fax# c a p i t a l , the la r g e s t average n e t in crea se being
in area VI o f t 68d.
Areedl IV and V III were the only a rea s having a n e t
d ecrees* in fa r e C a p i t a l w l'h
114 end
46 uvonige ieeronae reapm ctivaly.
The e verges returns to c a p it a l and la b o r ^ r e hlgh eat In a res VIs
and Ivweat in
rue IV being a minus
316.
479,
Vmly thrw ereaa le d a p o s itiv e
average la b o r income, areas I , I I I and VI w ith # 5 , Sb? and $384 r e s p e c tiv e ­
ly *
The f in a n c ia l suwaary o f th e fax# bu sin ess by tenure c la s s e s I s
shown in Appendix K.
The ra n e e in l a b o r ln o o n e o f th e i n d i v i d u a l o p e r a t o r s
1 2 ,2 1 8 to a R im m 32303 (d e e F i u r e f t) .
a s fro m
Ten o p e r a t o r s h ad a l e b o r in o o w
o f more th a n V1 , 0 0 0 ; t e n w ith l a b o r incom es from J500 to
999; t-o n ty -fiv e
DO LLARS
DOLLARS
— i 2 ,0 0 0
2,000 i—
1,800
1,600
TOTAL CASH INCOME
153 TOTAL CASH EXPENSES
- E S INCREASE IN PARM INVESTMENT
IEO 5% INTEREST ON INVESTMENT
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,400
1,200
1,200
1,000
1,000
800
800
600
600
400
400
200
200
O
O
STATE
X
TI
TTT
TV
~VT
ITTT
TYPE OF FARMING AREAS
-VTTT
TST
F igure 4 . —F in a n c ia l Summary o f the Farm B usiness o f Farm S ecu rity C lie n ts
in Montana, Average Per Farm - 1937
TAfeLS XVI.— JTUiAHOIAL BUmNOT OF rHS FARM BBJDtKkJ OF 97 SKUUiTti) FAiflI JSCUiiITY ClWMB
Bi MOKtAlLi, AVSUOS PM FaRMFOP STiTg AHB TYPS OF FutSlJtoO RSaJ - 1937
F e.
of
ReoOWtS
Average
Tbtttl
FttOT In­
vestment
ID
d t« te
97
3091
/1 8 8
821
889
- 68
Aree I
18
3816
/3 1 8
710
826
II
3S
8188
/1 3 6
812
III
9
.1102
/1 8 8
IV
4
2496
-114
J te to end
"Vpe-OfItiTRing
Areas
V
B et Change
In FeOT In­
ventory dur­
in g th e Yr.
m
-■
Tbtol
Cash
Farm Re­
c e ip t s
(S)
fe ta l
Cash
Fbot Axpen oea
(S)
Returns
Bet
to Cap­
Oeah Re­ i t a l &
c e ip ts
Lobor
(J )
(S)
I n t.
8 / on
In v e st­
ment
Labor
In­
come
LSI
(S)
/ 87
188
- 68
-116
/1 9 6
191
/
918
-103
/ 32
109
- 77
1034
. 980
/ 54
/2 1 8
168
/ 67
369
871
-SOfe
-316
125
-441
-
-
-
8
VI
8
2681
/6 8 3
716
919
-8 0 3
/479
131
/384
m
10
3649
/ 89
686
794
-108
- 19
177
-196 -
v ia
6
8819
- 48
1464
1345
/1 1 9
/ 73
291
-218
IX
13
3469
/ 36
637
823
/ M
/ SO
173
-1 8 3
LABOR INCOME
$
2,500
-----------
LABOR INCOME
------------
$
2,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
1,000
500
0
-5 0 0
-5 0 0
-1 ,0 0 0
-
1,000
-
1,500
-
2,000
-
2,000
-
2,500
-
2,500
Figure 5 , —Labor Income from Farm B usiness o f 97 Farm S e c u r ity C lie n ts
in Montana - 1937
- 49 -
1« the
I to ^439 Kmup, t» e n ty -« la e to the 40 to atone 3499 ,group, fo u r-
In th e n in e s 1860 to n in e s #999, «n4 n in e w ith lnb or In eo w e o f * Iraie
1,000 fmd ItiQti.
th e to p o rten t fn e to r s show
to th b le m i a m th a t the fn m e m
having ti e le r g e s t le b o r toeomee, ope --tt; th e la r g e s t ft$ m s, htrtof' more
a cres to p astu re find to c m p a.
The m e t p r o fit a b le f t m a a ls o have th e
l r g e e t wheat y ie ld s and w ire a n tr a l u n its per farm,
th e tends, ey was t o r
t6tewit y ie ld s to be sm a lle r on th e t n t m having the sm a lle a t la b o r inooRo.
th e no t p r o fita b le group o f fansa had an average= vitont y ie ld o f l.»,4
fcuAhela per a c r e , w h ile th e l e s t p r o fita b le had an evere e y ie ld o f 1*9
bushels par a c r e .
Ihe mmit p r o fita b le fh m a lied a .d B an inn I u n its per
fa r e and the le tts t p r o fit a b le had o n ly 11*752*
la b or Inor=CTe increased fr o *
th ere aa s a tendency as the
ero fo r th e average s lx e o f the farm and the
s e r e s to wheat to be < re » te r and as la b o r to come dserenood from zero o r
in c reused to s minus q u a n tity the s i z e o f to r * end acrtta in w heat, a ls o
lnoreansd«
th e f e e t th a t to e t o n s Shewing to e la r g e s t X oesss were la r g e r '
to acreage than the groups making sm all tocoiaee i s s ig n lf io o n t and y e t
e a s i l y e x p la in a b le .
%en th e tor* toocrw i s in s u f f ic ie n t to meet ex p en ses,
e it h e r because o f poor mnmtgamnt o r in esca p a b le loan from n a tu ra l c e u s e s ,
toe la r g e r t o e f e n heel n e s s to e la r g e r tlie l o s s i s l i k e l y to be*
.T
th e I u r -
than average t o n s were more p r o fit a b le but they a ls o Iaa the p o s s i b i l i t y
o f la r g e r lo s s e s in even t o f crop f a ilu r e o r o th e r d is n o te r a .
the c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f f a n s by s i z e end lnoor j i l l u s t r a t e s fu r­
th er th a t sm all farms tend to have sm all la b o r Incomes o r sm all minus la b o r
c»
Ta BII i m i . — TtOIQiM A3- *'iOI TSD ITH JUTJB W
U Wt OF
97 HiiUCTSD F RM SMCURITY OUIJMTa IM IMITAMA - 1937
( tvem ge per f a n )
lb t a l
ore*
In
?nm
Acres
in
>aMture
t-vcree
In
Orope
Acres
In
Ztoet
theet
Y ield
Per ucre
Jhushele
Tbtal
ABlsra
\ s it s
11,498
1 ,7 5 8
1,408
386
94
1 3 .4
29.32
678
748
304
234
74
6 .8
16.34
194
826
348
167
40
5 .7
14.74
I
$5
I
Croup
>Jxaaber
of
Heoorde
I
10
ZZ
IU
III
28
1 -4 9 9
IV
29
0 - ”499
-248
688
336
199
67
2 .9
13.11
V
14
-SOO - -999
-721
628
200
311
97
3 .0
1 1 .9 3
n
9
-1619
778
478
299
141
1 .9
11.72
Ifibor Iaccme
S I 1OOO fc over
500 ~
999
-1000 and le e s
- S l -
inoom m w hile more o f the la r g e r fa m a have la r g e la b o r Inoonee th ere are
Riao more having la r g e elm ts ls b o r lnesones {Tnble
V II I ).
feo e ig h t turn th e p ic tu r e around and look a t th e fn m or,«m izRtlo n and la b o r inoowt an r e la te d to th e eisse o f th e farm (Table H e).
The 14C to 179 more f a n s had th e la r g e s t p er se n t o f th e land in cro p s,
c res in wheat Increased as te e » i$ e o f form in 'r e a ed .
h ea t y ie ld s
were h igh er on th e sm all fare® and lo w e st on the forma in the 180 to JJO
a cre group.
Labor income .-^s la r g e s t on th e farms o f more than 1,000
• c r e s . th e fere® le a s than 60 aeree k?d th e c e r t la r g e s t ln b o r income and
those from 60 to 99 s e r e s ranket th ir d .
The fmrms Pnngiiu: fron 100 to
1 ,0 0 0 s e r e s in s i z e averaged s Minus la b o r insem e, t e e group from 100 to
1.39 a c re s had the lm rgoot minus income o f 8386 per farts.
V arlntlcm s i s s i z e o f b u sin ess are u s u a lly c lo s e ly a s so c I* ted
w ith v a r ia tio n s in the e f f ic ie n c y o f u t i l i z a t i o n o f la b o r and overhead
investm ent,
la r g e r than average fare® are u s u a lly more e f f i c i e n t in oper­
a tio n than sm a ller fm res.
me d i f f i c u l t y encountered in usin#? a cres in
farms a s an I M ie a tlo n o f slam i s th a t a l l land la M t the same q u a lity
SMd i s s o t operated under te e s e e s c o n d itio n s .
An Irr ig a te d tm m o f 80
a c r e s might be a much la r g e r farm b u sin ess from the sta n d p o in t o f In v e st­
ment and la b o r requirem ents tlmn a smch la r g e r dry land f a r .
I t la s ig n if i c a n t to n ote th a t th e group r e c e iv in g th e lo w est
la b o r Incomes a ls o r eceiv ed sm a lle r g ra n ts on th e nven c e than did the
o th e r ineome grou p s, (Table LX) .
Tte c l i e n t s having a la b o r ln o o a s o f
table
J lz e o f
IeH tm
(o r e s)
A ll Fhiwb
Leaa than 60
m x ie — i i
■ )F tt a iu a m r o tabm a i o m m o u m u » w m tm A
O L ^xiinS D BY 8 B S o r IWU* AND
XNCOMS reUM FrtHM OPSRATItlLi
193?
I b tn l
No. o f
Ioras
$1,0 0 0
& over
J1BCO 999
SI 499
so -4 9 9
-S SOCI -999
-L i ,000
$
i
8
10
10
85
29
&
-
-
I
I
18
8
£
4
I
2
I
I
I
8
-
3
7
2
I
I
4
I
3
2
I
I
97
14
9
-
100-139
4
140-179
U
180-339
6
340-499
8
I
800-999
28
2
I
9
8
4
4
1 ,0 0 0 fc over
a
8
4
3
B
8
2
3
TAUUT A lJ U -F flRtI ( m rtl
p CTOfcJ aMI) LABOR aflDHB AS KaUTlJO f ) JtUE OF
FOK SMJitiTBD FAfcM JttiURlTT CUiXTO Cl MOMtAKA - 193»
( ver^fie per Farm)
Group
...
of
ltacorda
I me*
I
8
TjOsm than SO
II
12
60
(W erm a T
tir>D Lanfl
Per cen t
•.ores o f t o t a l
Aeree
Per cen t
o f to ta l
36
T;9
8 2 .8
6
1 7 .8
99
81
83
38 .4
64
68 .7
4
1 0 0 -1 3 9
1S2
66
4 5 .1
88
4 8 .6
IT
16
140 - 179
150
45
88.1
no
T
6
1 8 0 -3 3 9
315
146
4 6 .3
TI
a
340 - 499
463
245
TH
89
SOC - 999
694
T ill
81
1 ,0 0 0 & over 1872
in
-
AiwrnMB
h
M ree
Ib U l
Animal
=
Inoome
Yield
8 .8 9
142
34.3
11.80
184
U
1 0 .0
1 1.06
-386
6 8 .8
21
9 .4
13.69
-161
161
8 1 .1
60
•4
10.80
-174
5 4 .8
190
4L.0
73
1 4 .0
11.04
-169
406
8 8 .5
299
4 3 .1
97
4 .4
13.76
-800
1388
7 3 .8
476
38 .4
136
3 .0
34.77
/5 2 8
6
«• fM *•
no re than
1 ,0 0 0 rec e iv ed on m» e v e n ; #
7 2 .0 0 in gn aata.
Th
vSOO to
999 la b o r ln coae ,-roup remoire,; tiie I .r o ot ancamt in -rento u v er J n
178.
lIhe r e la tio n s h ip between la b o r inftome and fr o n ts a e em u p o s i t e
to t * e t i t slu-uld Iii Vtt been.
I t Ie tru e th a t in c r ea se in fu n - Inventor­
i e s may have been l o n e l y r esp o n sib le fo r th e la r g e r la b o r ln eo o ee but
f e m e re who hod la b o r iner»me$) gren t e r than ^SOO a t l e a s t h<td the so ca rl ty
t o o f f e r f o r eubelateiuM lo n ee rath er th ee be g iv en e e& e ie te e e e g r a n ts.
I t la e v id e n t th a t th ere was n o t an e q u ita b le d is tr ib u tio n o f grants oa
the b e s ie o f rtisiily n eed s.
I t i s noteworthy th a t th e group r e c e iv in g th e la r g e s t la b o r In eoema r e p id a la r g e r p er cen t o f t h e ir r e h a b ilit e t io n loan s ttmn the
group# w ith Io e r la b o r Incom e (Table
a ).
'%#re was a gen eral twsiiency
a s th e la b o r income* decreased f o r th e p er c e n t o f th e repny— ite on re­
s e ttle m e n t lo a n s t o d e c r e e se .
However, th e group having th e lo w e st IWMr
InctMes repaid 1 la r g s r per oen t o f t h e ir loan* than d id the average o f
a l l c lie n t* .
This
roup a ls o had th e la r g e s t average Investm ent in farm
property a m th e r w ie ttln m n t loan s represented a e m ll# r per cant o f the
vhI us
o f th e p rop erty.
1Ote t o t a l r e s e t t le m n t Icwns does M t reproomit
th e t o t a l l i a b i l i t i e s o f a l l the c l i e n t s .
No doubt many o f th e c lie n t #
have o th er b i l l s o u tstan d in g such a s d elin q u en t ta x e s , grocery b i l l s , &*d
emergency feed and seed lo a n s th a t were end# b efore th e
gram wwit In to e f f e c t .
e a e t tle n e n t pro­
I t I s a le e q u ite probable th a t many o f te e e e e e r -
o p ereto rs and p art o- nere have r e a l e s t a t e mortgagee with a g e n c ie s o th e r
-W tH0LS 30U—
MSIT Oi KWtAL RffliABILI ATItS (S iIRti RSWSmo
PES FAMILY BY LsBQM IBC SE CMuUPti FOR 97
UAL JTED f/Util tiiOUJOTY CLl#Tti HS KSttAliA - 19 !?
Number
of
Keeordfl
iiSSfiS,
I
10
41 ,0 0 0 & over
IZ
10
$
m
Ortnyi
Rurul
R e h a b ilita tio n
QrtUits
81498
$
72
SGO -
399
675
178
SS
I -
499
194
160
IV
29
O - -499
-848
137
V
14
-781
136
TI
9
-1619
127
-SOO - -999
-1000 end l e s s
t«BLs ax*—eeu*itseaiif‘ o /
l ^ or l^guuk to R U L aniT ^T iow i d ^
OF .iELSOTH) FAltM JfeCURITY CUiOiTS Ui MUbTvOiA - 1937
(aTem^e pep Fum )
Group
Suabep
of
Keoonls
I
10
ZI
10
III
T otal Money
-Ktvnnoed
Through Re­
IvereflO h a b ilit a t io n
J OfdlS
Labor Inooae
KanftO
U vOOO A
over
I b t a l Ropnymnto
on Rehabi­
lita tio n
Ker c en t
Repayoente
are o f
T btal
Average
Value
o f Fam
Prop-
i R eh ab ili­
ta tio n Lonoe
are o f I b ta l
Value o f
81496
81944
$448
2 2 .9
#80?
4 6 .2
8 0 0 -9 9 9
678
1863
300
1 9 .2
3776
4 1 .4
28
I - 499
194
1171
804
1 7 .4
2378
4 9 .8
IY
29
O -"499
-248
1685
US
1 3 .0
2165
76 .4
f
14
-SCO -"999
-781
2004
283
1 4 .1
3142
63 .8
YI
9
-ICOO * l e e s -1619
1664
348
2 0.9
63*6
26 .8
-
than the
a m J e o u r ity
57 -
4 n in l8 t r e t io n .
Tbe r e ls tlo n a h ip e o f la b o r lneone to r e h a b ilit a tio n lo a n s pre­
sen ted in Table JLl are s ig n if i c a n t , not because they show to Mwt ex­
te n t th e v a r ia tio n s in la b o r income are a s so c ia te d e it h v a r ia tio n s in
r eiirittle ee n t lo a n s , but th a t v a r ia tio n s are p r e se n t.
- O H -
PAKT ¥1
■A #
J W e e A . I t a B—
i t JhoiiJLci Contnln
l i e v l y a l l Tnmera keep acrete kind o f reco rd s, but very few
Tnnnera keep a com plete s e t o f reco rd s.
TJie e x te n t o f mme o f th ese
record a Id the record Inc on th e a id e o f th e b u m , o f b reo iln ,; (In ten o f
liv e n took or marking on the onlendar tlte d ate e hen In to h it c h ,
ions
farmers keep e record e f cosh expenses end r e c e ip ts and o th e r s keep o n ly
a record o f whet th ey owe o r whet o th er s owe them.
The amount o f d e t a il s d e s ir a b le fo r n fn m s r to keep In bin
records should be governed f o r th e most p e r t by whet he wants to know
about h is b u s in e s s .
This n a tu r a lly p resen ts tb s q u e stio n t
a farmer know about h is b u sin ess?
Yooountin; i s but a t o o l o f ;mnoge-
n e n t, made to serv e A m a g e n e n t I /
e e t use I t should do two th in g s:
h o t should
I f t h is t o o l I s to be o f I t s ;*rsat-
V lr s te i t whould show whet th e p r o f it s
and lo s s e s era end .share th ey come from; Second, i t should shot, the de­
t a i l s o f Die lo o s e s
mi why they o c cu r.
I f the record I s to r e v e a l th ese
W ) o b j e c tiv e s I t f u s t co n ta in four th in g s :
I.
Ac inventory a t th e beginn ing o f the year .vhlch ^ho a
the value o f r e a l e s t a t e , m achinery, I Iv a sto o k , f e e d s ,
c r o p s, end s u p p lie s on bead.
2*
A ll farm r e c e ip ts fb r the y e a r .
3.
A ll farm expenses fb r th e y e a r .
I n k ie r , d . M. - Perm
counting from the view point o f th e «ra Manager,
Jou rael o f the inerlenn J o o le ty o f Jfera Kenagera and Rural A ppraisers
Volume I I , !lumber I , A p ril 1936.
59
4«
in Invwnt--Jry a t th e c lo s e o f the yea r >,hleh ahn n
the v a lu e o f r e a l e s t a t e , m o l.Inory, liv e s t o c k ,
f e e d s , c r o p s, end sup lie n on hand.
An accou ntin g plan to f i v e t h is in fo !M otion Ie not herd to Htalnta lii o r A f i l c u l t t
tinderstnnd.
-iany farmers carry on a g r e a t deal o f
accounting d e t a il a s a m atter o f h a b it end f o r no purpose anti w ithout ob­
je c tiv e .
Then, uhen d e t a i l i s g lv « i an o b j e c t iv e , the c l e r i c a l \x»rk i s
o ften reduced because o f th e e l ImjUiation o f n o n -e s s e n tia ls and d u p lica­
t io n s .
Thus, i t in OftMi foun
th a t the a c tu a l work r* uired to show
f a c t s in th e proper maimer i s l e s s than was required to slim; meanln g len s
bw lanees.
farm uooountin, m a s beyond the mere recording o f the In v m to r le a
a t the beginning and end o f th e yea r and the recording o f expenses and
r e c e ip ts in t h e ir proper p la c e s .
There m ist be a c a r e fu l a n a ly s is Bude o f
th e record to show the manager what he w ishes to know about the farm.
The fo llo w in g re acme have been Riven fo r fu m e ro keepiiu* re­
co rd s.
I.
TO determ ine th e degree o f p r o f it th a t the b u sin ess
i na kin# •
8.
Tb su g g e st ways o f in c r e s in g p r o f it s .
3.
To provide an argument vlttm s o lic it in g
4
.
8.
lo a n s .
Tb determ ine th e d e t a il s o f farm in vestm en t, r e c e ip t s ,
e x p e n ses, and n e t Income.
Tb determ ine th e n e t retu rn s from in d iv id u a l farm en ter­
p r is e s t o r th e purpose o f d e te c tin g lo s s e s o r in d ic a tin g
____________ so u rces o f g r e a te s t p r o f i t .
|7
I..am,
U Farm ISanaeeeent. F ir s t e d itio n page S M .
so 6.
To fu rn ish a nemoKrnrtura o f b i l l s oi.ed by o r to th e
A rm .
?•
Ib provide a w ritten record o f o p era tio n s f o r fu tu re
gulrtenee.
8.
Ife A m la h o p«n; I f io ln fo r a a tIo a , a s th e amount o f
feed fe d to I I v m to o k , m ou n t o f production end
e f f ic ie n c y o f methods used In prod u ction .
th e s u c c e s s fu l farm manager i s n o t o n ly In te r e ste d in h is
In­
d iv id u a l fa r e W sln e sa but he In a ls o in te r e s te d in o th e r farm b u sin esses
in h is county and community, f o r by comparing h is p r o f it s and h is o rgu n ls a t lo e w ith th e p r o fit s and o r g a n isa tio n o f o th er f a r m , fatf I s a b le to
d isc o v e r h is itetumesses and str o n g p o in ts end u l l i be <uided to the com­
b in a tio n o f p rod u ctive fa c to r s th a t .111 g iv e him the g r e a te s t p r o f i t s .
Ifer t h is reason i t la very d e s ir a b le to have a l l farmers use a standard­
iz e d system o f u o c o u n tin ,.
the r eco rd s.
This f a c i l i t a t e s a n a ly s is and ocnparlaon o f
In order th a t each record w ill be on a comparable b a sis
th ey should e l l cover e com plete y e a r ’ s tr a n s a c tio n s .
Fenemre should be
c a r e fu l to fo llo w a l l d e t a i l ln s tr u e tle n s l i s t e d in whatever kind o f re­
cord I s chosen A r u s e .
The a n a ly s is should be en tru sted to someone
experienced end fa m ilia r ■■I th th e work*
Svery farmer who has been poked to prepare a form plan and
every farmer who has bees asked to provide production reco rd s f o r crops
and liv e s t o c k , has undoubtedly r e a lis e d none o f the advantages o f farm
r ec o r d s.
R e h a b ilita tio n su p ervisors perhaps r e a liz e th e v a lu e o f good
farm records more then anyone e l s e .
Good record s are e s s e n t ia l to the
Al •
fan* S ecu rity ,»<tml n l f it m t Ion I f I t Ie to flake the nupervlaert farm plans
e ffe c tiv e ,
th e sn e r v la o r y c a p a c ity o f th e r e h a b ilit a tio n su p erv iso r
puts him In the p o s itio n o f a farm een ep er ami as such he should be f u l l y
q u a lifie d to in s tr u c t farmers as to th e proper method o f keeping farm
a c co u n ts.
He should a ls o be a b le to make a complete a n a ly s is o f the farm
records and in te r p r e t h is fin d burn to the farmers and tjulde them to the
most p r o fita b le com bination o f t h e ir p rod u ctive r eso u r c es.
Many farm J e c u r lty c l i e n t s have been required to keep records
th a t have been o f l i t t l e valu e to them.
She o b j e c tiv e s o f keeping a
record should be f u l l y understood and when th e o b je c tiv e s ore accom plish­
ed in the f in a l a n a ly s is , the c l i e n t s w i l l be more enper and more en th u si­
a s t i c o’.-out keeping a good farm reco rd .
‘the b eat s in g le method o f lo c a tin g farmers who have managerial
a b i l i t y , o r th o se who do n o t , la through good farm b u sin ess reco rd s, ac­
c u r a te ly and c o n s c ie n tio u s ly kept ond an a ly - e-t.
PART VII
KMJfnI FhwI H os On R e lie f Xfl
Dawson Ctnmty. ' •<»: Ujv.-.
Thm ujutlyol'. o f Dbwsob County IneIudes 492 r u ra l fa m ilie s on
r e l i e f In 1937«
The ln fo n a e tlo n oonteined in t h is ennlyu la ,.as supp lied
by th e r e l i e f c l i e n t s when they node a p p lic a tio n f o r r e l i e f .
c l i e n t s are grant o a s e s .
A ll o f th e
Bus purpose o f p resen tin g t h is n o ta r ia l i s to
d e scr ib e the e h a r a e te r la tlo o f r u ra l r e l i e f fa m ilie s and to r e v e a l some
o f the p r e v a ilin g c o n d itio n s among r u r a l r e l i e f fa m ilie s th a t ,a s not
sho n in o th e r p arts o f t h is t h e s i s .
Of the 492 e a se s s tu d ie d , 230 were ow ners, 100 were te n a n ts,
138 were c l a s s i f i e d as share crop pers, I / and 24 fa r e la b o r e r s .
•Die 1936 Census o f A gricu lture shows the t o t a l number o f farms
in Uawson County a s 1 ,0 1 8 in 1930 end 1 ,0 1 7 in 1936 which in d ic a te s a very
s t a p le co n d itio n in s o fa r a s th e number o f farms era concerned.
Assuming
then th a t th ere were approxim ately the same number o f farms in 1937 as
th ere were in 1936, t h is a n a ly s is In clu d es 46 per cen t o f th e farm operators
in th e com ity.
f the 330 tenan ts and share croppers reported in 1 9 ® ,
t h is a n a ly s is rep re sen ts 72 p er c e n t, and 33 per cen t o f th e owners are
rep resen ted .
I/
Tke term ’share cropper" a s uso i h e r e , although n o t f u l l y ex p la in ed ,
d i f f e r s from the u su a l meaning and d is t in c t io n made between share
croppers and ten an ts in the Uouth. I t I s h lie r e d th a t Hte d is t in c ­
tio n im p lied here i s th a t tenant r e f e r s t o cash ten a n ts w h ile share
croppers r e f e r to sh are tanast o .
TA#L* XJLU•—a VXRAQS mMSSK Cf TlAto I* OOORTTt JMD HOflUBI AU
CUSiTd IN CUtiMTY BT WbQiriMD KflfliItR Oi TBLOtd BT TSIWA CL<k,Bd,
DiVnjOH COtiMTY - 1937
Tenure
Claeaee
T btal
Number
R enortlna
Average
Number
Tears In
County
Number and Per Cent o f C lie n ts in County S p e c ifie d
_______________ IiMfciff Hf Tnnrii____________
le e s
Than &
85.29
30-39
4C &
Over
125
3 5.4
, 167
33 .9
47
9 .6
6
1 .0
15-19___ 20.24
5-9
10-14
83
4 .7
67
1 1 .6
40
8 .1
28
5 .7
A ll e lle n t a
Number
Per Cent
498
100
8 1 .0
SCO
100
23.2
3
1 .3
IS
6 .8
13
XX
6.3
13
5 .7
51
3 6 .5
93
4 0 .4
P9
1 8 .6
4
1 .8
100
100
1 9 .0
SC
10
1 0 .0
19
19 .0
9
9 .0
5
5 .0
19
1 9 .0
37
27.0
10
1 0 .0
I
1 .0
138
100
1 9 .4
XX
7
5 .1
SO
1 4 .5
16
1 1 .6
8
3 .8
37
£ 6 .8
42
30.4
8
8 .8
-
as
100
ic .a
3
1 2 .8
3
1 2 .5
3
1 2 .5
8
8 .3
8
33.4
5
3 0 .8
-
XX
Ownere
Number
Per Cent
Tenante
Number
Her Cent
Shnre Croppere
Number
Per Cent
Farm la b o rers
Number
Per Cent
XX
- M Lexyth o f R eeiW w e Ut Coimty
For the henrte o f houaehnlds r ep o rtUk ;, th e «ver?t#ae le n g th o f
reald en ee In th e county
oe El ye r e .
( IV b le OCZX} .
About 46 per c en t
he# H ueS In th e county f o r more then 34 y ea rs and W p er c e n t 30 o r
•o r e y ea rs.
8 years.
Leee than B per c en t had liv e d 1st the county f o r l e s s than
The average le n g th o f r esid en ce o f th e owners were 4 y e r a
lo n g e r ti n th e ten a n ts end shi re cropper# w h ile the share croppers and
ten an ts average lim gth o f resid e n c e In th e county was more than B y ea rs
Ion# er than th e e v e n ge resid e n c e o f th e farm la b o r e r s .
Tliia d iffe r e n c e
was n a tu r a lly expected s in c e th ere was a corresponding cllff e m n o e in the
aver ^e a#ee o f th e se tenure c la s a e s .
(Table UIV) .
r reTondenmoe o f Male Heads o f su uanholds
ore than 97
th e r e
e r c en t o f I c heads o f households
e r e ,-v i e .
e re more fem ale heads among th e owners than th ere were in any o th er
tenure c la s s ( we Table XXlI I ) .
There was o n ly one fem ale head out o f
th e 138 share croppers and th ere were no fem ale heads in th e ten an ts o r
farm la b o r o lu sa en .
Hdoubtedlye the premmce o r ab enoe o f a male be d wtml i be an
I n f lu e n t ia l fa c to r in determ ining th e p o lic y o f Farm S e c u r ity Administra­
tio n tow ird an in d iv id u a l faxaily.
,urn o f Ueuda o f laaiisel^lda
ietids o f households were m id d le-aged , aver»gin#? 4.5.7 years fo r
e l l c l i e n t s (T? b le
XlV) .
The owners a v e n ged 4 7 .8 years Ooitynred w ith
68
tm ~ < X m x ew^ B t i W H )t BifDLUS o r KUILL rklccf
OLHjSTSJ CLr xUIfIiW BY OSK ,KD TSHURS,
Dii iSCH OiXKTT - 1937
Tenure U lsse
dumber
Both
Oex
ifeile
A ll Client®
492
Owners
t m t Gent
Feiaale
Both
8«
Male
F e m le
489
13
100
9 7 .4
2 .6
230
218
12
100
9 4 .8
5 .2
Tencmts
100
100
100
100
-
Oh»r# Croppera
136
137
I
100
9 9 .3
.7
a m Lab-rare
24
24
-
100
100
-
TnfcLE XXIV.—AVHVtiS AOC AKD KlAtodi tiKl/ P1 H C t K t W HS-tiU Of 8QVL'QluLDS
JK MOB ACS OROVP, AlMNO RBXISf O U Q m , PT TttVHS OLaSMB,
ILiitiCK ootamr - ids *
—— —— — —
Tenure
Oleeeeo
Tbtal
Kwbey
iie;Tortlnfi
Avemge
AfTO Of
Head (In
y ea rs)
tim ber and m r Cen t
68 &
Over
30-3*
80-a*
AU O llen te
ZTuoteer
Per c en t
498
100
4 3 .7
XX
89
5 .8
49
1 0 .0
58
1 0 .6
180
84 .4
148
30.1
92
1 8 .7
S
.4
Oenere
Number
Per e en t
too
100
4 7 .8
XX
8
.9
8
u.b
17
7 .4
61
2 8 .2
91
39.6
69
£ 5 .6
8
.9
Tenantn
Zbnaber
Per cen t
100
100
4 1 .5
XZ
U
1 1 .0
11
1 1 .0
7
7 .0
38
38 .0
21
21 .0
18
1 8 .0
Share C r ee p * *
Kxesber
Per cen t
138
100
38 .7
XX
n
8 .0
29
8 0 .3
84
1 7 .4
27
1 9 .6
36
26.4
13
• 9 .4
24
100
3 8 .5
XX
5
£ 0 .8
K
8 .3
4
1 6 .7
10
41 .7
I
4 .8
a
8 .3
farm Laborere
S w b er
Per cen t
-
67
4 1 .b f o r the tonfuita, 5 8 .7 fo r the ahure oroppora and .55J6 fo r th e fern
la b o r e r s .
I t la noteworthy th .it th e la r g e s t proportion o f the hetsds, 3 9 .S
per c e n t , o f th e owners were In th e nge groups ocmprlulii( 4S-64 y e a r s ,
th e
la r g e s t p ortion o f the Iweda In the ten a n ts end farm la b o r e rs c la s s e s ware
In the 35-44 y ea rs age group,
th e fn m la b o r e rs have a la r g e r proportion
o f I t s heads l e s s than 3b ye. re o ld tivtn any o th e r tenure e l -y=i.
Ihe oM y
tenure c la s s having heads 65 years o f ago o r o ld e r wee the owners an* l e s s
than I per cen t were In t h is group.
4 a o f inusehnld
The avert{je s i z e fa m ily %ns 4 . E persons (Table
iV ).
Tlie la r g e s t
r , g ir t Ion o f the c l i e n t s , 2 0 .5 per o e i t , hud a s i z e fam ily o f 4 .
'there
* r e 3 8 ,3 p er cen t o f the c l i e n t s w ith fa m ilie s sm a ller than 4 rm 4 1 .2 per
cen t
I th fa m ilie s la r g e r than 4 .
th e average s i z e fam ily o f th e owners was s l i g h t l y lmrger than
the «v«m.iw s i r s fa r I ly o f th e o th er tenure groups.
About 31 per cen t o f
the farm Ir; borers had o n ly S In the fu ssily and 1 8 .8 per c e n t h i on ly o n e .
M ncatlonfcl .i.tta IimfflBta
th e g r e a te r per cen t o f the Heads o f hou sehold s, 4 0 .5 , completed
th e e ig h th grade in s c h o o l.
Only 4 .7 per c e n t fin is h e d h igh sch o o l with
an a d d itio n a l 8 per c en t pursuing a high e d u c a tio n .
fin is h e d fo u r years In c o lle t * (Table a,.7 I ) .
formal sch o o lin g was 5 .6 .
Lesa than one per c en t
The p er cen t rep ortin g no
tabu
xtr.—A tsiiA oa
ih IAflB a m
J im w w m m iw
D
Ib ta l
No. Reo o r tln e
Average
si%e In
A ll C lle n te
Lueber
Per Cm t
498
100
Owners
Luaber
Per Cent
Tenante
Number
Per Cent
Tenure
w m bsk
h»
^ . h o w t o? ? m u . *
oh jup, A^jHG HSLmr OLD-,;it j , Br T m m
olas -ss
IOB COUKTT, 19UT
I
£
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
U
4 .2
XX
28
5 .7
80
1 6 .3
80
1 6 .3
101
2 0 .5
76
15 .8
41
0 .3
36
7 .3
17
3 .5
18
3 .7
8
1 .0
S
1 .0
3
.6
830
100
4 .6
XX
13
6 .6
36
1 6 .6
.57
1 6.1
42
1 8 .3
34
28
1 4 .8 1 0 .9
16
9
7 .0 3 .9
8
3 .5
3
1 .3
4
1 .7
3
1 .3
100
100
4 .6
XX
9
9 .0
12
1 2 .0
15
1 5 .0
17
1 7 .0
16
11
11
3
1 6 .0 1 1 .0 1 1 .0 3 .0
3
3 .0
2
2 .0
I
1 .0
Jbftre Crop; e r
Number
138
100
Per Cent
4 .1
XX
3
2 .8
27
1 9 .6
88
1 8 .1
38
2 7 .8
SI
1 5 .£
3 .7
XX
3
12 .5
5
2 0 .8
3
1 2 .6
4
1 6 .6
7
2 9 .£
8
3 .6
8
5 .8
4
3 .0
7
b.O
—
I
— 4 .2
I
4 .2
—
—
Fnm Laborers
Nwmber
Per Cent
34
IfjO
is
13
fciBLB V(VIi w Tl)Hita. SCiiOOUDG OF IlKAIKi OF im o S tO J )
AttSlO iiim^U HKUkF CLIKtTJ, L-Y TK URK O W J ^ i,
D -Xil OOUHTY - 1937
PKR CKlT
J
UrFde FinlsIwA
In Jnhool
Tbtnl Reporting
Jo Formal J o h o o lIng
le t
2nd
3rd
4th
Mb
6th
7th
eth
1st jta * . .
2nd year It, 3 ,
3rd yenr He J«
4th year
?•
W alnaaa Co le g e
l e t ye«r C ollege
2nd year C olla1 a
4th yerr C ollege
A ll
C llen ta O-new
830
492
18
4
19
SB
30
39
OO
289
14
12
6
23
e
i
a
4
8
3
12
17
17
17
88
104
10
8
3 .
7
8
2
4
YtTlv-f) 18
Ftvrn
Jhere
Labor- A ll
CropC lie n ts Oieww
s e w . .....
Ltibor-
Teaiwite
JUaW
Cropoers
S
100
138
34
100
100
100
100
100
4
6
I
3 .6
4 .0
4
8
6
10
16
72
3 .6
8 .9
3 .6
4 .4
7 .3
11 .6
5 8 .8
'•
3 .6
1 .4
6 .8
.7
4 .2
•
4 .8
3
3 .6
.8
3 .8
6 .0
6 .1
7 .9
1 2 .2
4 6 .8
2 .8
2 .4
1 .8
4 .7
.4
.2
.6
.8
5
6
9
19
46
I
a
4
I
-
I
I
I
3
3
8
a
S
8
9
I
*
I
3
-
1 .3
8 .8
7 .4
7 .4
7 .4
9 .6
4 8 .8
4 .3
.9
1 .3
3 .0
.9
.9
1 .7
3 .0
8 .0
6 .0
9 .0
1 9 .0
4 8 .0
1 .0
3 .0
4 .0
1 .0
-
.
4 .8
4 .2
1 2 .8
18 .8
3 3 .3
8 .8
.
1 8 .8
-
I
S
I
- 70
th *re was w r y l i t t l e dIfferw noe In the ed u e e tltm el attW am eat
o f heads o f households w ith in the d if f e r e n t tenure o li s s e s .
A s lig h tly
la r g e r per c en t o f the owners had a tta in e d a h ig h er grade in sch o o l than
the heeds in the o th er tenure o lw m e s.
th e c l i e n t s , w ith h igh er e u o e tio n a l a tt a in m t s should he no re
capable o f wanHglng c a p ita l advances than th e c l i e n t s w ith o n ly a sm all
HiYiiuit o f formal s c h o o lin g .
amber o f Yemru *\ N e lle f
th e RWMit e s t proportion o f the f a n l l l e e , oK.7 ^ r c e n t re$xirtett
being on r e l i e f 4 y e a r s ,
c lie n ts
ns .5.^3 (Table
th e fiv e n g e number o f yeorsi on r e l i e f f o r a l l
V U )*
th e e v e r , e f o r the fu rr L b o r e r s, -5.6 y e a r s ,
SBB s l i g h t l y more than th e average o f th e o th e r tenure c l a s s e s .
dune o f th e fa m ilie s reported beIzn-' on r e l i e f b efore th e p resen t
r e l i e f p r o m * beco*e e f f e c t i v e .
The f a c t th a t B I.4 per cen t o f a l l the
c l i e n t s reported being on r e l i e f fo r 4 o r more years in d ie itea th a t they
have made very slo w , i f any, p rogress toward a tta in in g a s e l f supporting
sta tu s.
C ondition c>f JuH dlm gi
The c l i e n t s were asked to n t io r t the co n d itio n o f th e b u ild in g s
as
o d , f i r o r poor,
.lie nnJ o r lty o f tite c l i e n t s , 5 6 .9
w»r c e n t, rep orted
th e c o n d itio n o f the b u ild in g s an f a ir ; 1 7 .9 per cen t reported hnviiu' good
b u ild in g s , and 8 0 .9 per e a s t reported poor b u ild in g s , w h ile 4 .2 per ca n t d id
TMUJi x m i . — AVStirat HUKIiSR YIWIa QK RKUiy 4 X0 NUXRa 4® P m OBKT Of
o u m a ox RSLXir
ltotfll
iiWbflT
Report-
Tenure Oleea
___________________ ini'.
Ufkoxfixd *uxmm
of ixa ss , by tutors
DA=Tauh 0OCMTY - 1937
em a»,
AVflTMF*
Hwber of
Huwber nnd Per cent of Clienta on Relief OpeeiYenra on
flea Kumber of Ye.^rg
Relief__________ 1
2
3
4
i > 6 ? ' ~
>f
498
100
3.3
XX
83
16.9
114
23.8
42
0.8
161
38,9
46
9.1
4
4.9
21
4.3
W^
Nunber
Per Cent
230
100
3.1
XX
47
30.4
88
88.2
U
4.8
77
33.5
16
7.0
11
4.0
10
4.3
I l
Tenanta
Hwber
Per Cent
100
100
3.4
XX
10
10.0
26
26.0
U
11.0
36
33.0
7
7.0
5
5.0
B
5.0
HO
AU Cliente
Htenber
Per Omit
kr
Number
Per Cent
ic e
100
3.4
XX
21
16.8
24
19.4
19
12.3
46
32.6
19
13.0
8
5.8
4
2.9
Fhrrn Laborers
K Taber
»r Jmnt
24
100
.6
XX
6
30.8
6
26.0
3
12.5
4
16.7
3
12.5
Uenere
Store Oroppora
-
2
8.3
- 73 -
XXfme—Otov U f|:* Uif BUH.-Sitw - i
. /IflKB Iflf
IfifUL EWUL? c u itr r n , B Ta,miL m j& m a
U,, X ti C ,UBTfe 19lf7
Tbnure Olaee
to ta l
No. o f C llonta Ra a r t la g
Conrtitltffi o f H ow e
Humber
Hot m of
Onod
fa m e
n i l O llen te
498
88
390
103
Oiaieni
330
49
144
36
lbn ante
100
2D
46
39
ihiire Oto per
130
18
89
29
Ftim Lebomre
24
I
2
4
IAliLI J
Per Cent Reporting
Ctsmiiti^m o f fbtuie
Kot re—
J b lx
17 .9
5 6 .9
3 0 .9
4 .3
2 1 .3
U3.6
1 5 .2
.9
3 0 .0
4 6 .0
36 .0
S
1 3 .1
6 4 .6
2 1 .0
1 .4
17
4 .2
6 .3
1 6 .7
7 0 .0
a
2
O X l - ”i © 95 « OiSTT QF HUKAL RWLIhF CLDtIfS HWiRIIWf
ABS UntB HiDUlOLB SDIFU^IT BT TiOiUHL CLSSfXS
BAtOOR CTUSiTf, 19J7
Tenure C lesa
T b t a l ________ITir W r__________
No . o f
'.I
Ves
Ho
Dprtinii
' arms
/e r C ent
Set re-
. DliL .
A ll C lie e te
492
392
91
9
7 9 .7
1 0 .5
1 .8
O tiers
830
191
39
—
8 3 .0
1 7 .0
-
Tenants
IDO
89
lb
-
8 6 .0
1 5 .0
-
uhafe Cru iiper
138
108
a
2
7 6 .0
2 3 .6
1 .5
Para leb o rere
8*
11
7
4 6 .8
2 8 .0
2 9 .2
6
IJ O t
re p o rt thn oondltltm o f the b e :IdHwm CEnble x m i l ) .
tSim In d ie Ktlona #$ni ti«rt th e otmera h r e b e tt e r : u lld ln t o on an
MfeiNge than the o th e r tenure oliteo ea .
Io o r Wuuea are undoubtedly one o f
the many r*o; ona f o r d l a e a t l a f ie ! farm A m llle a .
Hi i#ahold ^ lU lm e n t
Yhble CXlX cdatkm th e e ir a a r / o f th e r e p lle e to th e
iedtettmr o r n o t th ey hnd ad en m te household ernlpiaemt.
u e s tlo n ,
A In rg er per oent o f
the etm ers reported herInc adequate W uooteld or u ip m n t than any o th er ten­
u re elfetuu
u re-A urth o f to e fan* lo h o r e m reported n ot hnvl.ie adorn#t e
hou.-oh .ld « ruipewit & U e the o th e r tenu re e la sa o o reported a u m lle r per
o e n t.
o etm a ls o I l e t tiie look o f ado unto hou^eh ld equlrxsent a*
tm o f
th e eeuaee o f t o r e t o e l l l e a being d le e n t la f le d .
Inooea In 1046
th e average t o t a l o s h lnooae t o r a l l rural r e l i e f c l i e n t s re­
p o rtin g t h e ir ozito lneoea t o r 19:S6 men $41* (Table
In * He t o m f a m in g , t o m p r iv a te JUtor,
o th e r e o u r e e e .
XX).
Jhls Included
ork r e l i e f , d ir e c t r e l i e f and
I t to o, in to r o a t t. n ote tozit «*1 Ut o h e - t o l f o f Sto to ta l
oziah Inc m t o r each to mro e li im vee t o m
iortt r e l i e f and th a t th e onto
mediae torn Atmliw ooceprtoed a l l h t ly no r e than o n e-fo u rth o f ties t o t a l
OtiSh In* me.
Here U^snin tse n o t ic e a s l i g h t edvantotge o f the omwra over th e
o th e r tenure oltuiaeo InooAxr as t o t a l cash Iaozret la comoemedu
Ihla I s
TABUS CvJU-XRa i' . car RURAL
C U llr tS , BY i c m
D A -,: JOK COUNTY, 1936
Tenure Sleuie
OUwlyMS
Niinber
v e r ir e o»«L
froM ' hodc Pvo f t in-_____
T btal
Reporting Ntmber
Inw me
Htmber
lu b e ie Re o r tin g
lneone
Inooae
lneone
from
R eporting tu n es
Caah
Tbtal
from
from R r i- fron ork Dirwot Other
ln oom
ln o o m
Im o m
Fnrnlnr v s te Li-ty^r R e lie f
R e lie f Inoum
49 a
99
403
412
136
39
209
10
19
Omere
230
44
186
462
196
23
217
7
80
le m n ta
100
IS
94
423
122
62
212
14
13
I
Jhare Cropper
136
21
119
340
66
43
204
9
18
2
Fens Laborers
34
#
16
883
11
86
134
6
47
All
C lie n ts
I
- 7R -
due to the le r g e r lnoom o f the ownen- from fn n .lm*.
t o r ie s w r e
Ik iw ver, I f IUiven-
ooBaictored, d e p r e c ia tio n end I n te r e s t aJ.nr^aa $i#ht rev ea l
the owners to be in e worse p iI^Uit than th e o th er tenure e ln e s e o .
The farm lehoreere r eceiv ed a M ealier eeeh Income than e ey o th er
tenure c l o s e .
,hey hud a la r g e r income from p riv a te la b o r and a ls c e lla n e us
so u r ce s then any o th e r c l a s s .
Ihe farm lehrirere a ls o r eceiv ed con sid erab ly
I e e e from work r e l i e f then did th e o th e r c la e e e c .
the f e l l y was an ln f la e n c lc
lowed fo r each fa m ily .
fa c to r in
e te m ln in .
Apptmmt l y , tiw e l s e o f
the amount o f r e l i e f
1-
I f t h t wuo tr u e , i t would p a r t ia lly ex la in the
d iffe r e n c e in the um tm t receiv ed frena woxk r e l i e f by the fa m latiorera mad
tiie o tlie r tenure d a s a e e .
Jnme o f the c l i e n t s d id n o t rep o rt t h e ir cash Inoorm but reported
cubslB tenec r e l i e f .
In aomn o f the c a se d , th e c l i e n t s
era t iv<m O irect
r e l i e f in the form o f c e r w o d ltle s , s in c e no v a lu e was placed e»n th ese corv
mod I t i e s t h e ir cash income or t h e ir cash c u iv a lr m t could n e t be det# m in e d .
The number o f c l i e n t s rep o rtin g ®ubals te n o e incomes i s shown fo r each tenure
e la n s in Table XaX.
low income can. be s in g le d o u t on bein g the moot ix iw r fu l co n d itio n ­
in g fa c to r op eratin g t o reduce farm f m i l i e f l to a low econoMlo on I s o c ia l
s ta tu s m itt ea u siii $ a d i s s a t i s f i e d o le a s in a g r i u ltu r e .
/ijomtlcm Iorrowinga i|> 1%%
.More than 40 p er e«mt o f the c l i e n t s reported o p era tio n borruuin*^
-
in 1936*
(Iiib lo aXO } •
Tho overage i r ount borrrrueri £br o p era tio n fb r
SatS*
th o se re port la g
? fi -
a
IugM r p er c e n t o f Hw oenere reported borrm.-
in ,a then any o th e r tojnuro c lc a o and the a v e n g e amount bo pro ed was a ls o
a li# 0 it!y la r g e r .
Otoly <aw o f th e farm la b o r e rs o u t o f th e 86 reported oper­
a tio n borrowing#.
I t i s ^ o rth tih lle, a t thin tim e, to co n sid er ugaln the t o t a l In o m
Slkjim in Table 11U*
'fh*i t o t a l «wm gto InccMa waa 4 1 2 .
-Ith an average
s i 'O fam ily o f 4 , H iis amount lack ed »8 o f be inn enough to equal the budget
fo r th e cash c o s t o f fam ily l iv in g prepared Iqr the Fam S e o u r lty
t io n .
m ln ie t r e -
The c lie n t * # l i a b i l i t i e s fb r the y ea r then would be increased by the
amount o f the o p era tin g loan p lu s 9 # in t e r e s t on
2h?.2h .
*e h e r e n o t s e r r ie d the a n a ly s is fa r enough y e t .
Z f wo c o n sid er
the c l i e n t ’ s o p era tio n s from » ?surely b u sin ess sta n d p o in t, the o p eratin g loiui
i s a l i a b i l i t y a g a in s t the farm b u sin ess and should he paid from the ln e m e
from fa m in g .
The average income f r m fur.-iln#:; wm o n ly ■l - l i ,
to l i t t l e more than o n e -h a lf o f th e o p eratin g lo a n .
expense*
.hich amounted
The t o t a l o p era tin g
u ld , no i>ubt In r e a l i t y , ?>e m t»,ter timn t e o p era tin g lo rn.
This very d e f i n i t e l y in d ic a te s u n p r o fita b le fa r» o p era tio n s in 19.16.
S la fc S L ite B .
The average s i z e o f furw reported fo r a l l c l tw its was 6E2 M ires,
( Tbble TXXll J.
te n a n ts ,
The owners operated la r g e r farms on the average than the
the ten an ts operated L rg er farms than the ah re era>t ^era, w hile
- 77 TABtK m # * —OPSRATION BfFPC1-INC ; AMORO RgLIKt CLI TTS, B i T WRR CJA1 -WSm
DMfison cofmrr - ig s e
Tenure
C lese
T otal
Number o f
Farms
Farms R eporting Operation
Tiorrewiogs - 1936
Number
fW c e n t
Average Operation
!"sorrowings Per
Term Pepemting
A ll C lie n ts
482
196
4 0 .2
I 246
0«er.
230
HO
4 7 .8
282
Temmts
100
36
3 5 .0
201
Shape Croppers 138
62
3 7 .7
202
I
4 .2
100
Farm Laborers
24
76 th e f a m lh b orers operated r e la t iv e l y sm all fe r n s ooMpnred w ith th e o th er
tenure G la s s e s .
The a v e r n r o am unt o f land In pastu re wee s i I, M tly rwre
than the 'io re a o f plow la n d .
The share croppers hid more a cres o f plow
land than they did o f pasture le n d .
%a average a c re s r e p o r te d by the farm
la b o r e rs m a o n ly 8 meres o f plow la n d end 160 ueree o f p a s t u r e .
Tbe llcjfc A g ricu ltu ra l Census r ep o rts the Bverai e s in e farm In
Deweon County a s 960 aeree which i s n e a r ly tw ice a s la r g e as %he average
e l s e farm op erated Iqr the r e l i e f c l i e n t s .
The r e l i e f c l i e n t s had SSS as*##
o r 4 8 .5 per cen t o f th e t o t a l farm Imnd a v e lia b le fo r crops compared w ith
the census avora e fo r the county o f
MO a cres o r d7..> per c e n t o f th e t o t a l
a cres In th e farm.
The In d ic a tio n s are th a t the r e la t iv e l y s n a il farms era la r g e ly
r e sp o n sib le fo r the low Income o f th e r e l i e f c l i e n t s .
e s h a ll s e e the e f ­
f e c t th e lim ite d aerenge o f H teture has had on the number o f liv e s t o c k .
iVi. sea a lo n o f liv e s to c k
L ivestock l a o f g r e e t eounomio Importance in Dewsoa County.
Over
80 per c en t o f the farms in the county ra.ort^ d h o r se s, cows and chickens
In 1936 (Table 0 X 1 1 1 ).
ported sh eep .
»3rJLy 41 per cen t reported swine and 19 per c en t r e ­
I f we eompure th e percentages with th e per c e n t o f r e l i e f
c l i e n t s rep o rtin g th e p r in c ip a l kin ds o f liv e s to c k (Tnble %XXXf) i t I s In­
te r e s tin g to n o te th a t tlie per c « i t o f the r e l i e f c l i e n t s reporting: the
d if f e r e n t kinds o f liv e s t o c k wee sm a lle r thisn the per c en t o f a l l the fm r^ ra
79
TABLE XXXI I , — ACPES PER IAPf A* TC VWU T-SJLIF
BT thicrt: ciA SSE n— j i j & 'm co D irr, 1937
Total
Rumber
o f I R rm e
Tenure C lass
CLIMTfS
Average Acres In farm
Plcw
Peeture
T otal
Land
Land
A ll C lie n ts
492
622
253
269
Ownora
230
692
270
322
Teeants
100
601
236
266
Share Croppers
138
426
240
186
Farm Leborers
24
168
8
160
TAM* r a m . —^ r
:T <: :
' 'fT'
OF LTVRSTOCT AHD AVPRAOK HFMBER P R FARM R?-PfiRTlTTO,
DAL POR CCSTWTT, 1935 l /
Kind o f L iv esto ck
Number
Per Cent
o f Fareai
o f fo rm
R eporting 2 / sp o r tin g
TWiber o f
L ivestock
Reported
KINDS
Average * o .
• ■ Fepertlng
Horses and Mules
881
8 6 .6
8611
10
Mileh Cows
6SS
8 1 .9
4187
6
Bmmt Cowe
859
64.6
13621
16
Seine
420
4 1 .3
1190
S
sheep
195
1 9 .0
32817
170
Chickens
829
8 1 .6
38828
47
l/
U nited Cemsue o f A gricu ltu re - 1975, V ol. I , ta b le 2 , pege 817.
2/
T otal number o f farms in County was 1017.
*
In the ooTinty reportin/r in la :® .
8 0
«»
I t ia
h
1»<»
n otab le In Table XXUV th a t
a ln r e o r per cen t o f the owners reported th e p r in c ip a l k in a o f liv e s to c k
than :lid th e o th er tenure o la s n e e .
Ilot o n ly d id a m a i l e r p er cen t o f the r e l i e f c l lo n ta report the
p r in c ip a l kinds o f liv e s to c k than d id a l l the fo m e n i in the county, but a
eowparleon o f th e Average number p er fa m rep o rtin g revealed the r e l i e f
c l i e n t s to have fewer o f each kind o f liv e s t o c k per f a in rep o rtin g (TftWe8
UCUII euu, XXX?).
AS has been p oin ted out in the previous d leom m ion , the average
ecrea o f p astu re land was l e s s fo r the r e l i e f c l i e n t s than th e average o f
f i l l farms In Ute cou n ty.
Under this co n d itio n one would n a tu r a lly exp ect
the r e l i e f c l i e n t s to have fewer liv e s to c k than was reported by the average
o f a l l T am ers in the cou n ty.
Ihe pcMiaeeaion o f liv e # to o k , although H a lt e d by the a le e and
o rg a n iza tio n o f the farm, i s app arently m
important fa c to r in flu e n c in g
the in corse from farm op en . t o r s .
I t ia s ig n if i c a n t to n ote th a t n e a r ly SD per c en t o f the r e l i e f
c l i e n t s did n o t rejjort m ilch cw s nnd th n t o v e r SO per c en t did not retxsrt
c h ic k e n s.
Undoubtedly the cash c o s t o f fa m ily liv iz n was HL h e r fo r th ese
c l i e n t s than f o r th o se having coon end c h ic k e n s.
Ih e advantages a t poa~
•c o s io n o f m ilch oo a and chickens in h e lp in g provide fo r the liv in g o f
the f « m fam ily ia g e n e r a lly mi llaja ited .
table
S
W
I
Total
%o. o f
Fanse
manber Peportln?:
MIloh R eef
ChioVCows Cows fIwtne Sheep era
>er dent
V llo h e e f
Foraee Cows Ccwe Swine
I
Tenure C lass
- nmrntrw PcTmiPALm p g
x m v . —Ttmmist and m ? c m w taw
OF Livm ocr AMONO RKLIRf CIIRRTH BY TRRDRE CLASSES,
DARSOW COUNTY, 1937
CKYeIfT
A ll C lie n ts
492
581
400
304
178
49
586
77 .4
6 1 .5
61.8
5 6.2
1 0 .0
7 8 .6
Owner#
230
200
204
172
88
26
205
C7.0
8 8 .7
74.8
3 8.3
1 1 .5
8 8 .5
Tenants
100
76
BI
52
29
11
75
7 6 .0
8 1 .0
6 2.0
2 9.0
1 1 .0
7 5 .0
Share Croppers
158
97
HO
79
61
106
7 0.2
7 9 .7
5 7 .2
44 .2
8 .7
7 6.1
24
8
6
I
5
3 5 .5
2 0 .8
4 .1
Farm la b o rers
12
—
2 0 .8
I
®
I
TABI.E Xm.--AVKRAQfi WJMBER OF PRIRCIP* fIVBfi OF I.IVRSTOCpr pop FARMS RfifiOPTIRC
AKORQ RWAt RKLIfiF CU ""TS, BY TfWSPg CTASRfB
SAKSOY COTRTY, 1987
Tenure C laes
Averare dumber o f P rin cip a l Hnde o f I IventocV fo r H nre
Milch
Horses
Cows
Cows
'twine
Sheep
A ll C lie n ts
6
4
10
8
94
86
Owners
6
4
10
4
141
40
Tenants
6
4
8
2
SS
SI
Share Croppers
6
4
10
8
SO
58
Farm Laborers
8
2
8
-
50
83
AifP m D ix a
.jvciptt ry o f th e ^ y M t e r l a t i a a o f
^aJoy :ry;>g~Qf-^i.r?-;
. rena
In W tn n c I /
Area I# Honchliu .Ith o n ly a c a tte r e d ani m ostly tmsii.;oes fvjL
try land Rjmln fa m in , In the pruoesa o f r ev ersio n to nu^'e u s e . S r uthe
and e x p lo it a tio n have r e s u lte d Ic low cerryln#7 e a p e c ltle a an i re Ieeed
numbers o f s to c k .
rea I J . ille h Grade ranchInA In f o o t h i l l area , low grade dry
land f r ein fa m in g on bench lo n d s, b is e c te d by v e i l developed lr r lm t e d
a rea s alo n g Y ello w sto n e, Booldort and H g Bbm Blvwrs and Book Greek,
d f t t lf a , suiter b e e ts , and t min are th e Mjor I rl to crops vIth f i e l d
pees itnd henna lmporinnt In lo c a liz e d a r e a s .
Aree 111. Jw atly a low .v'.rv.da dry f a m i l y and rw toklag area
b is e c te d ty the Lower Y e llo w tone I m lg s t lo n P r o je c t ( a l f a l f a , sugar ^ e e ts ,
g r a in s } .
b l i e abandonment a f dry fa m in g leend has been henry, Onah ru in
production c o n tin u es a s th e Major e n te r p r ise ov er much o f th e a r e a .
rea IV. Oite o th e two major aheut ; roducln ero a s o; th e s t a t e .
S o lis e r e f a i r l y good but th ere i s e gran t v a r la U l t y In ^dwmt y ie ld s .
L ivestock numbers tend to flu c t u a te In v e r s e ly w ith tdier t p rod u ction .
rtm V. a broken arm th in ly In tersp ersed w ith low grade dry
fa r e in* and ranching. L oceliaed dry farming arena resen b le Areu IV w hile
much o f the range land I s s im ila r to tree I . th e area I s b ise c te d by
I r r ig a te d lan d s along th e Milk R iver denoted to the production o f n l f a l f n ,
* vain -Ikt Btu tr b e e ts .
,.rea V I. The la r g e s t dwmt producing area In the s t a t e with
important ranching l o c a l i t i e s . I r r ig a te d s e c tio n s are m o stly denoted to
producing each g r a in s and k e y . th e weetern and southern p o r tio n s extend
in to f o o t h i l l areas which accounts fo r much o f the v a r ia b ilit y In s o i l s ,
c l L t e nd to TOgrnphy.
j/
This SU-VWiry was taken from unpublWhed m a teria l o f a stu d y mode by"
Montana A g r icu ltu r a l Experiment S tn tltm in cooperation w ith H v ia lo n
o f Farm Sfenagm tni and C osts Iuroau o f ^ r i e u lt u r s l Economics, United
s t a t e s DepnrtSMttit o f ^ rd cu ltu re w ith a s s is ta n c e o f the ortcs Pro ro se
iim ln ls tr o tlo n .
- B4 -
4WW V ile Denoted la r n e ljr to dry farm in# on o r e uni fo ra b u t,
cm the it)Xe, low er tcrnde fn m ln n land than ^ren VI* Llvoatoek production
co n fin ed la r g e ly to th e -Sweet Qreee HULle and to the wore broken la n d s,
h il e e a l e abandonment we# experienced during 1917-19;-J2 In » period o f
proloeged drouth but th e area haa su ffe r e d l e s s tr o n drouths s in c e 1930,
then lead # fa r th e r to Hw e a s t .
- r ee V II I . -imchln*! dominant rai l based on ir r ig a te d fbnqai
supplemented w ith range on R ation al Herwet lands* Cweh g ra in production
I s e l no lK io r te n t. ^ griou ltu re la o m fln e d to a f u r ie s o f mountain
e a lle y s lo c a te d on the sea torn slo p e o f the Hooky fo u n ta in s end le a s
s u b je c t to drouth than th e p la in # area o f th e s t t r e . Hhe ir r ig a te d
T a lle y s produce cash g ra in s and forage fo r b e e f ont t i e , sheep and In the
GeI I b t in V a lle y , co n sid era b le numb re o f d a ir y oows*
Area IX* S im ila r to -ree V III but I y ln 6., on th e w estern s lo p e
o f the Ttocky Range under c lim a tic co n d itio n s p erm ittin g rre: t e r d iv ­
e r s i t y o f crape* Less range forage I s a v a ila b le and lo c a l arena s p e c ia l­
iz e d in d a ir y in g , gen eral fa m in g , cash grain s and tree f r u i t production.
AfVjgtUIX B
wV’J .—7
/.Mitfti or HO*!-'
dSLUSTSO JfA!<M dtUUHITY OUiitiTf IN MMTAKA
,
(ATer»#zi» Per Far* by Ommtiea - 133?)
S ta te
and
Cetm tiee
Bi# Worn
I rop-dwater
Carbon
Carter
Oneoade
Chjjutenu
C uster
DnMela
F allon
Fevgua
MuVLTr
Tbtal
S e le o f
No, o f m ount
Farm
Ri oorde o f Money Products
I/
4
I
I?
%
■ 8
3014,78 V 960.74
3794.33
693.8E
1431.38 ■ 7 .V
2030.09
408.81
1683.83 1184.08
RXxizIVXD FROMl
R eset*
t l affiant
-dnn,
Other
6 8 3 .3 » % 4 0 . 7 9
191,70
1907,00
46 9 ,8 3
238.33
980,00
704.86
274.50
288.30
I b tn l ,M t.
o f Wkney
Fnm
Paid Out
It iNi-Y PAID QQTt
Payn *t on
U e e e ttle *t
F e e lly ,Aden. Ionni
L
TV-V*-
1878.90 £1039.51 S 5G9.U9 t :V9.G1
3839.46 1237.88
633.16
938.45
1366.76
394.61
299.18
1868.86 1263.40
413.94
192.58
1687.23
925.42
467.85
864.26
3
3
3
6 .
10
364.89
667.59
1309.08
1904^83
963.23
260.90
194.06
266.46
683.19
300.96
96.67
80.00
667.83
381.00
231.00
207.32
4 2 3 .8 3
424,76
4 7 0 .0 4
40«!
624.09
837.34
1368.03
1264.60
995.48
327.33
.381.46
610.47
893.23
421.79
843,64
444.21
421.66
460.18
470.30
8 3 .1 3
11.67
383.00
211.18
103.39
Flflthend
U n lln tla
C n rfield
G lnoier
G (ton Vallwr
8
3
3
3
1347.00
1714.6 8
1787.94
139.03
1104.00
778.99
1301.3»
98 0 .3 8
948.70
382.00
199.99
876.00
427.60
78 3 ,3 3
480.00
366,08
146.29
410.06
407.00
272.00
1494.77
.I- ■ . 1
1818.78
2168.71
993.70
868.67
766.44
1147.39
1499,23
616.30
*10.03
690.28
MOetS
6 ,7 .4 6
262.40
816.17
244.48
310.63
132.02
116.00
H ill
J effereo n
vu H th i 'vi-ln
Lake
Lewie k Clttrtt
I
4
8
9
8
8198.60
1106.65
1347.83
1387.53
3818.14
1049.66
488.67
724.01
1170.99
u 60.64
828.00
574.78
367.80
180.00
494.00
6L3.94
848.33
366.01
8 8.54
6 7 .8 0
6341.34
1247.91
1366.28
1410.88
3103.68
1326.30
666.61
617.84
790.81
1869.16
647.30
649.64
396.49
470.84
628.03
367.74
31.66
341.98
149.20
1206.80
ThbIa ■ -Vl (continued)
-----
1131«83 # 886 .8 3 0 B40.00
708,85
3178.43 8306.13
410,00
7 4 .0 0
784.00
80,00
117.91
I'
>.
1298,19
668,24
338.00
177.45
300.00
808.34
343.45
1111.66 3 638.26 I 367.67 I 2 1 5 .7 3
698.18
3230.90 2330.£2
202.60
641.00
315.50
976.80
470.67
491.18
30.00
991.85
873.21
444.89
1377.39
59.89
94V. »
1123.00
1966.93
8271.49
1890.11
481.37
106.30
1686.93
1848.42
1067.18
115.00
360.00
300.00
448.80
248.29
360.93
696.70
579.57
874.64
1003.60
1117.60
2043.11
2871.12
1865.79
553.31
566.54
1805.74
1077.80
918.93
IU e V
851.06
305.17
47 6 .5 9
580.78
234.80
71 7 .0 3
366.14
4
2
4
2
U
954.27
630.70
1072.30
1677.08
1805.66
363.62
280.70
4 3 8 .6 3
798.48
857.94
373.25
136.00
333.80
377.00
869.04
£97.80
148.00
299.97
501.07
378.68
905.01
636.66
1005.27
1697.28
1177.67
441.93
219.02
425.25
784.19
668.79
409.Crfl
299.19
378.59
844.29
405.39
64.00
18.46
201.43
368.80
106.39
I
8
661.11
22088.00
177.49
1168.39
9 8.00
485.70
388.62
JG0.91
860.04
3061.03
201.80
1348.43
812.39
468.66
145.86
233.94
1464.38 5 748.06 $ 352.89
353.43
L ib erty
Maaiaom
M e* no
vInezml
ark
I
I
I
I
4
Powaer H irer
P m lr le
K e v a lll
Hloblena
Roeebud
6
I
I
6
7
Sheridan
S t lllw e t e r
J e ee t Graaa
Teton
Tbole
-thentltimd
Yellowe tone
STAtB
......._
145
$1455.48 $ 77 7 .3 3
136.42
| 4 4 6 .9 8 #831.87
—
X
-pfrAk/SSDljt C
TAfcL
XXVII.— vJRKri IW F i J O O - B> P.tiRtZKt, TfTiL CKlLLANi),
AORto IM JtEAT m > -dtBAT YIMUti PlR /*8116 FOB
d&LSLTLl V.Am Xc J U R m CUhLLi II-I JfefliTJiA
Nxaeher
of
iita te % Typeo f . Pfirninp
S ta te
Area I
II
IU
IV
V
TI
TH
T ill
IX
T btel
-crea
In
/wre#
in
Peetrme
T btal
Omp
- area
Vi
( Avernre per Fem f o r S ta te end T y p e-o fS m t in, ;, Oimer-Opwmt to on ly * - 1 9 3 7 .)
.heat
Y ield#
Per ore
33
858
487
159
53
8 .4
6
5
4
1440
430
400
1113
Rfla
246
.
JlC
156
ISO
-
136
26
SO
1 .2
8 .2
1 .7
—
8 .2
1 .6
12 .1
—
3
3
8
10
133
720
2840
07
89
JAJ
8709
43
—
98
336
130
42
36
140
8
8
TAbLK X X iV III-A C H 3 IH #> «19, aCRW IM Ia^TO -K, OTAL VHOJjL JIB,
AflRBS IK XUm T AND AHSAf Yl IiXi PR* XSUi 'OH
331L5T33 F-XtM SgOUHlTY CUBMW a MOMlAlLi
< vermg# iier ^nrn f o r tn te and T yjje-ofFamlni; Arena, :« r t Ovaiere o n ly - 1 9 3 7 .)
14
S ta te
6
I
•
I
.
b
I
I
Area I
Il
III
IT
T
VI
m
m i
IX
%
S
I
farm
3
Soureei
T btel
Adree
in
FhHB
U
Hxadber
of
J t a t e & Typeof-enrrtlng
I b ta l
Crop
796
499
263
624
480
—
640
1205
800
80
470
345
260
ISO
1^3
375
450
JBS
61
719
413
19
Security C lie n t#
earem
in
Jw at
Y ield#
Per ->ore
8 .9
JB
90
M
lt i.4
107
190
1.1
3 .5
^ m s s ix o
SUhLS xacaju—* a u ii %& t o r n , ^amu B i i ’/UfUHX, tytn L o k m * * ® ,
ACRJti Bi ®MT ,Jm 'JiiUT YlELIti PIffi ,UffiJS MR
^KLBOTS) RJEJ JgffiffilTY CLBffiTU BI H titH A
(Average per Ymbb fo r t o t e and T y p e -o f-fa ra Ing - r e a a , Tenant open to re o n ly - 19J7. )
J ta t e &. TypeOf-Ynmlng
i*^q.
Kuaber
of
T otal
jvcres
In
Fnm
Uoree
In
Ybtal
Crop
» eres
In
Ilawt
M at
Y ield s
Per «ore
I
I
S ta te
SO
729
429
880
73
7 .0
urea I
II
III
IV
V
VI
m
V III
H
4
M
5
3
—
5
2
3
2
690
609
1620
640
—
962
1450
907
340
433
283
1263
227
—
648
806
254
170
236
219
344
406
•
296
562
568
70
73
44
93
S3
■
112
S tt
177
12
1 .8
1 6 .4
3 .7
*raroe:
' am Plano of Ywm ^eourJty Clients.
8 .2
2 .2
1 .9
9 .2
AmMBIX D
TaDLB XL.—4
0 . WB ZN TJTiA JlIK A WIT , AVKKWS MJUil OF ^LL L iV,.HV^OK HO NIliLSK Of
PRlDOIP^L KIHtU OF LI VSdTOOK1 FW OKLBOThD F R
MdBOOKITT ULIWIU IN MiHTjtMA,
ArhStAtLi PKB F k FOR STATS sKD WJ^)F«F«thUIHO ,J tv U , OK iU SLY
1937
S ta te fc Typeo f- ie r o tn g
ree
sta te
Area I
Il
III
IV
»W
VI
VII
V IU
IX
ource;
j/
ILtmber
of
Records
Ket Ohnnge
In Total
Anlmel Unite
During the
Year
average
Value o f
A ll
Chlok-
TOr-
Horace
ikMa
33
- .6 6
I 871
3
U
88
3
8
6
6
S
*
/ .87
/ .4 5
- 8 .4 6
“
1125
980
649
4
5
3
12
8
9
“
48
53
38
•
8
I
6
I
3
V
-
13
14
i/
3
3
S
10
/1 .6 7
-8 .1 7
/4 . ^
/ .7 8
860
300
8538
610
I
I
6
2
13
5
SO
7
131
41
94
149
4
I
I
2
8
I
3
3
Ferai P lea s o f Farm iioou rlty O llen te
Iesa tluan .6
KtaiBtit or UVKiTOCK
3
$
I
A m K D jU D
T ..
Stfitm St 'iypeO f-Fnrslng
rea
u a . —, -T Vl ; < . i
;
, . , UliIT.!, -Vr..:, i.-tt V
.
-U i.T
I
.
MUNUIPAl KBiiKi Oiii Uf&ITOOt, HOK tiELSOHsa R 4154 UAUURIIi OLIiiKIS IK 4 OTfcKA,
HAIKI FOR STAtS AMD T m - »
1939
Number
of
Reeorda
Net Ohenw
In T otal
Antoel Nnlta
During th e
Average
Velue o f
e l
KUM8SB Of LIVitiiTOGK
(Mature $' u lv n le n t)
Oblek- Tur-
: Qc
-
. ,Xwr,
U tete
/ rea I
II
III
IV
v
VI
V Il
V III
IX
H
/ .2 8
I 676
4
8
52
8
I
/1 .2 0
A .6 1
4
11
8
4
51
18
I
- 3 .8 D
981
372
392
S
I
I
- 1 .0 6
- .7 5
/2 .0 4
398
1480
370
-
«»
S
4
«e
8
9
3
I
I
S
8
e
I
15
-
I
4
-
I
2
2
m
40
«,
e
6
12
3
59
100
24
m
m
-
•
8
I
APMMDla D
tabls
m i . —e a r c, -imx n$ tot^o, , mbial u s m ,
valua
o / ^ll l iv ^ y o e x .4«» m aosr uf
!'H U M Ii'A L KUtKJ OF UVSJTUO K, SOR JjdJSOTSD FARM J g O U R m ULIiM TJ JUl tiORtANA,
AVgRAGg PM* FARR FOR u t , % >MD TyPM JF-FAH UINO A R iW , TtaiAtiTU ONLT
193T
J t u t e & Typeo f-F u m ln g
reoa
J ta te
rea I
Il
III
IV
V
in
m
V III
IX
U o u ro e :
Kunber
of
ReoortB
Net Chenpe
In T btel
A n im l Ublte
During th e
Yuur
Average
Value o f
A ll
NUNBLR OF UVgJTOGK
( im tu r # j f t i u lT a l x p t)
T m lo k ,In rR tii1.
J ' t t .ln:
«r. n
TurWava
i .n.-.-p,
. hfwn
CO
/1 .8 8
» 881
4
9
74
3
I
8
4
M
B
3
■
8
S
3
8
/1 .3 0
/ .a s
/1 .4 0
- 1 .6 3
-1 0 .7 8
/7 .7 6
/3 .3 7
- .8 0
776
903
1048
266
4
4
37
80
46
U
I
8
I
-
I
8
I
S
U
I
8
8
9
17
2
3
I
6
2
9
9
10
10
84
26
149
128
S
I
8
I
Z
8
I
870
418
1134
684
F b i e >jl»sna o f F R m J e o u r l t y O l l e n t a .
3
19
APPENDIX B
TABLE XL1IL~: r V Al
! AT-T Cl " LA’-'. . : V ' ■ ( , S I CTSD LAlT, .V Tff
C LtW tS IH MDNTABA* AV^Afli? P3B FAPBi, FOR STATE A?fD TY-E-OF-FARMI PO
AREAS, OWNBR-OPRRATOR^ ONLT - 1957.
S te te A Typeo f - I e m in g
Areee
STATS
Aree I .
II.
in .
17.
H
V#
V I.
V II.
V II I .
IX.
Number
of
seconds
Averafe
T otel
Fera
In v e st­
ment
(» )
Net Change
In farm
Inventory
During Year
T otal
Cash
Fare
R eeelpte
(» )
Total
Cesh
Net
Peturne
Iera
Cash
to C apital
nxpeneee R eceip ts A Labor
Cl)
(I)
(I )
55
8050
/ 198
956
925
6
5
4
-
8678
4468
4841
/ 415
/ 508
- 209
—
770
652
1590
——
5
S
2
10
4445
4872
11174
5990
/ 455
/5 0 0
/ 89
/ 89
1098
644
2002
785
In t. at
on
I n v e st- Lebor
nent
Income
- Cl)
Cl)
5
/ 201
252
-
1156
768
1570
—
- 586
- 126
/ 220
—-
/ 27
/ 132
/ 11
294
223
227
——
- 267
- 41
- 216
992
572
944
803
/ 106
/ 72
/lo s e
- 60
/ 569
/ 572
/1174
/ 59
222
244
569
200
/
/
/
-
/
61
537
128
588
161
APPgHDIX B
TABLE XLIV.-F m H C IA L StTOARY OF TIIR PARK BUSIKISS OF SRLBCTBD PARIt SBCURITT
CLIKKTS IK VCHTAKAi AVLJRAOB PSR FARM, FOR STATR AKD TrPB-OF-FAFHIlM
AREAS, PART CWHRR3 OKLY - 1937.
't a t e A Typeef-B RfBing
Areas
state
Area I .
n .
Kunber
of
Records
3377
/
6
I
3260
1346
——
4912
——
—
3688
3946
2336
/ 594
/ 218
IT I#
-
I
v.
V I.
V II.
-
IX.
Bet Change
in Far*
Inventory
During Year
(I)
14
n .
v in #
A v en g e
T otal
Far*
I n v e stmerit
(I)
6
I
I
1»
——
/ 862
-—
- 217
-1476
/ 78
Total
Caah
I arm
R eoeipts
(I)
T otal
In t. a t
Cash
Bet
etu m s
on
Far*
Cash
to C a p ita l I n v e s t- Labor
Expenses R ecsip ts A Labor
ment
Income
1»)
(* )
(I)
(I)
ill
723
709
/
860
262
676
296
/ 186
- 44
——
628
———
672
779
907
——
1009
—
——
732
1096
486
M
/
53
169
- 136
/ 679
/ 174
163
117
/ 416
/ 67
/
246
- 168
mmmm
—■
- 481
-*
——
- 60
- 317
/ 421
81
——
—*
- 277
-1798
/ 499
——
—
■—
a—a—
184
197
117
- 461
-1990
/ 362
APPBm u
V
TABlB XLV.-FMARCIAl StROiART OF THB FARM SUilMBSS Ol SBLBGTED FARM SBCURItT
CLIHTiTS IS Mf-HTARAi AVRPAOB PKR FARM, FOR STATS APT mS-OF-FARMlPO
AF AS, TSHAST OP,PATORS OSLT, 1957.
S ta te A Typeof-farm ing
Area*
Average
Total
Fara
In v est­
ment
(I)
Ret Change
In Fans
Inventory
During Tear
(I)
Total
Cash
Farm
Peoaipta
(I)
Total
Cash
Het
Returne
Farm
Cash
to C apital
Expenaae R eoelpta A Labor
(I)
m
M)
T nt. a t
8# on
In v e st- Labor
sen t
Inoocsa
« )
Cii
STATS
80
1732
/ 164
775
910
- 157
/
27
117
Area I .
II.
4
26
6
3
•
6
2
S
2
1418
1783
1960
1690
/ 65
/ 98
/ 465
- 558
434
868
689
516
621
945
667
435
- 67
- 77
- TB
- 109
- 32
/ 21
/ 375
- 447
Tl
09
98
84
- 105
- 68
/ 277
- 531
1526
1218
2669
1401
/
/
/
-
466
785
1558
1228
874
1285
1698
1093
/
/ 428
/ 57
- 21
- 117
76
61
145
70
/ 362
- 24
- 1C4
- 187
in .
If.
V.
V I.
V II.
V II I .
IX.
L
Humber
or
Feeorda
816
559
539
249
568
802
560
152
m
90
- 95 -
B im oatL ti1Hr
1#
Adfuw, Re Le , « m m u *n ‘ tm i. F ir s t E d itio n , MeQraw-MHl I*o k Conpany, Ino. , Few Y oik, 1921#
Be
flexm uler, *111 . , oix. r t o f the A dm inlstrotor o f The :.eaet tlenmnt
A ciniltilstr.tlon. 1939.
o,
F o ste r , 0 , . , l-arti )rm.nl o tlo n »tnd A n u n w i m X . *1T e n tic e -'t a i l , I n e .,
Few York, 1930.
4 .
o l m e e , J . L . , a e o r y j >?loo o f F>t r n i m
Heetii and U mpeay, Hen York, 1936.
5.
Hopkins, John A.,
New York, 1936.
6.
JotoMOBi e l l . and ^auzhteraon, • i u , Types o f n m ln
Mont. Mxpt. J tiitio n Sttls S o . S B , O ctober, 1936. "
7.
I ir k pet r ic k , . . . . ^ fiIyais o f 70.000 Hural e h ib i lit - .t lo n F a m ilie s.
U. J . D ept, o f r r l . , The Fem o o u r ity d m in is tm tio n , and The Niranu
o f n r lo u ltu r n l co n o n ice, o -Oijeretinp:, -o o la l Pkiaearoh He o r t M . Tc,
u;$uet, 1936.
8.
K m en zel, Carl # . , vm ilt,t ion mobility in H eleotoJ .nt-urut Farm -kinruutitie a . o n t.
r i . -Xpt. J ta tin n D e l. Do. 371, 1939.
9.
- loherdevn, J e n sie , . , "lip <i^iI Ity o f Livin;; in oiri-n:
o u t. ,.pri. n ip t, ttitio n Rul. Ho. 26 0 , A p ril 1933.
H n i .^ tio n
f»od
Ien en ts o f Form
x m t:, o c m t .
re t l e e -
G.
i l l , I n o .,
In
o n t-n n .
<■> a s .
10.
T aylor, Gerl C ., h e e le r , Helena . , and K irk p a trick ,
I -., JlandvonJ la s iem in rm rlenn > r ic u ltn r e , U. Se D ept, o f v c g rl.. The Farm
J e c u r ity drain in trr-tio n , raid 1Ilio lu m e u o f J g r ie u ltu m l hoonaniee,
cooper*tin. , J o c ie l Research Report Ho. YII I ,
r l l , 19 8 .
11.
Tttgwell, Raxford 3 . , P lia t ow ual
tr-rtl n . 1936.
12.
U. i. Dopt. o f CoMWWe w ilted
Wld 1 2 , 1933.
13.
14.
o -Jirt o f the F en ettlom m t
tn tea Jawaua o f
Wlh&ar.
, rln J t j a ^ . Y ol. I
,srren , 0 . F . , K'am - .n m . o n t . Ihe a a c ifllltm Coetgeny, Hm Vork, 1932.
J la k le r e M. Mse "^YfTM
f r w the Viewpoint o f th% FttML HMMjg**.
Journal o f th e American S o c ie ty o f Farm JW m ^ra and Kuml J y m is e r a ,
VoI . I l e Ho. I , A p r il, 1938.