Primary productivity of the Madison River in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming
by Elston Herbert Todd
A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Botany
Montana State University
© Copyright by Elston Herbert Todd (1967)
Abstract:
An investigation of the downstream decrease in productivity of the Madison River in northwestern
Yellowstone National Park was carried out in an effort to determine the correlation among
primary,productivity, current velocity, water temperature, light, carbon dioxide concentration, time of
day and reach of the river.
Seasonal, daily,and downstream variation in primary productivity over a 14-mile reach of the river was
determined by harvesting the standing crop of macrophytes; measuring changes in carbon dioxide
concentration; and determining chlorophyll concentration.
Statistical analysis using photosynthesis as the dependent variable and carbon dioxide concentration,
light, water temperature, and current velocity as the independent variables, showed carbon dioxide
concentration to have the highest partial correlation coefficient followed in decreasing order by
temperature, light and velocity.
It was concluded that the downstream decrease in carbon dioxide concentration was of primary
importance in accounting for the downstream decline in primary productivity of the river. PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY OF THE MADISON RIVER
IN YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 5 WYOMING
bY
ELSTON HERBERT TODD
A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty ini partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
in
Botany
Approved:
H e a d 5 Major Department
ifman 5 Examining^Committee
MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bozeman 5 Montana
June 5 1967
-iii-
ACKNOWLED GMENTS
The author wishes to express appreciation and deepest
gratitude to Dr. John C . Wright for his invaluable advice,
patient supervision and conscientious attitude throughout the
development of the study.and preparation of the manuscript.
Thanks are also due to D r s . John H. Rumely and I. K. Mills for
their assistance in securing a fellowship for the author and
for their time and effort spent in reviewing the manuscript.
Heartfelt gratitude is extended to Cedric A. Grainger for
his congenial companionship and faithful assistance during
the many all-night sampling periods through the summer of
1965d
Thanks are also given to Mr. Abraham A. Horpestad for
his identification of many of the aquatic macrophytes.
Sincere thanks are expressed to the officials of the
National Park Service in Yellowstone National Park for their
cooperation and support.
Assistance of the Yellowstone
Park Company in providing quarters and laboratory space is
gratefully acknowledged.
This research was supported with funds from Public Health
Service Research Grant WP-00125 and Training Grant 5T1-WP-1
from the division of Water Supply and Pollution Control.
Finally, the author would like to thank his family for
>n-
- ivtheir loving patience, sympathetic understanding, and constant
encouragement, without which this study could not have been
completed.
-vTABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
o
•
o
e
o
o
X
•
INTRODUCTION . . .
DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA.
J . . .
METHODS
o
o
o
,o
o
o
o
o
•
o
o
o
e
o
o
o
e
.
o ■ e ■ e
9
Carbon Dioxide Concentration.
Hydrology and Morphometry . . • .
Solar Radiation
Temperature.
Standing Crop of Macrophytes
Chlorophyll Determination „
RESULTS.
o
o
o
O '
O
o
6
O
0 - 0
O
O 11
12
13
13
13
14
O - O
Standing Crop of Macrophytes.
Chlorophyll Determination
pH and Alkalinity . . .- .
CO 2 Concentration . . .. .
Changes in Total CO 2 Concentration
Light Intensity
Water Temperature
Current Velocity.
Statistical Analysis of Data by Reach
Statistical Analysis of Pooled Data .
o
DISCUSSION
SUMMARY.
..
e
0
e
APPENDIX .
LITERATURE CITED
0
0
e
0
0
0
0
o
o
o
0 . 0
0
0
e
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o
O
o
o
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e
O
•
1
O
,22
••
0 •
0
0
25
29
32
35
.35
38
40
o
54
0
0
O'
16
19
0
0
0
5,7
117
-viLIST. OF TABLES
TABLE
Page
I „. Oven dry weights (gm/m^.) of macrophytic stand­
ing crops in the Madison.Riv e r . . . . . . . . . . .
TI. Percent composition of macrophytic standing
Crop (1964^ O O O . .
O O . . .
O O 6
0 . 6
O
17
O
18
III. Oven dry,weights (gm/m^)■of macrophytes for
various dates (1964). . .. ... . . . . . ., . . . ..
19
IV. Average values of photosynthesis, carbon di­
oxide concentration, current velocity, and tem­
perature for the various reaches over the en­
tire summer sampling period (1965) . . . . . . . . .
39
V. Correlation coefficients for various combina­
tions of independent variables over the entire
length of the study area. Photosynthesis as de­
pendent variable. (Significance ;IeveI s : ***
better than .0.001, ** better than 0.01, * bet­
ter than 0.05). . . . . .■ . . . . ... . . ... .
-44
VI. Constants of the regression equation relating
photosynthesis to light,.water temperature,
current velocity and CQ 2 concentration (Sam­
ple size 480, mean photosynthesis -23.6 iriM
C 02/m^ per three hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
VII= pH measurements at all stations during twentyfour hour periods on weekly intervals through
the summer of 1965. . . . . . ... . ... . . . . .
58
6 . 0
6
O
6
VIII. Total alkalinities at all stations during
twenty-four hour periods on weekly intervals
through the summer of 1965. . . . . . . . . . . . .
IX. Concentration of COg (moIes/m3) at all stations
during twenty-four hour periods on weekly in­
tervals through the summer of 1965. ... . . . . .
65
70
-vii-
LIST iOF TABLES--Continued
TABLE
Page
X. Flow.times (minutes) between stations oh
sampI m g d a t e s o » . o■ o o. o . o o , <> @. o o o » o » <>■ o o
XIc Average depth (centimeters) between stations
on samp I m g dates o.o o.o.o e « e o. o ,o- »■ » o o o o
~J
8
SO
- X I I . Change in CQ2 concentration per unit volume
(molesZmlj) between all stations during twentyfour hour periods on weekly intervals through
the summer of 1965„ . „ „ , » .. . . » » ..» »
82
XIII. Free CP 2 (millimoles/m-^) at all stations during
twenty-four hour periods on weekly intervals
through the summer of 1965.
.
88
XIV. -Exchange coefficients between the free carbon
dioxide of the water and t h a t .of the atmos­
phere for all reaches through the summer of
1
9
6
5
.
O
• O .
O
O
O
' O
O
.
D
.
O
'
O
O
0 . 0
0
-
0
.
0
.
. .
9 -
95
O
XVo Change in carbon dioxide concentration due
to biological factors (millimoles/m 2 per m i n ­
ute) at all stations during twenty-four hour
periods on weekly intervals through the sumuier of 1965 .. . -. . .. ■ ... . ..■ . -.. . .- . .- . .
- XVI= Water temperature (° Centigrade) at all stations
during twenty-four hour periods on weekly in­
tervals through the summer of 1965. . . . . . . . .
97
.
XVII. Light intensity (granv-calories/cm2) for three
hour intervals during twenty-four hour periods
on sampling dates through the summer of 1965. ....
104
Ill
-Viii1
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE
■
. Page
1» Map of Yellowstone National Park showing
location of study.area and stations„ .„. „ .„ „ . . „
2» Average chlorophyll .,"a" concentration for
each station during the summer sampling
6 ITIOd ^ 19 65) „ .O O O O O O O O -O O O O■ O -O■ O O O O
4
20
3. Seasonal fluctuation in chlorophyll Ma"„ The
concentration shown for each date is the aver­
age computed from the measurements for all sta­
tions at that collection time. . . . ........... ..
21
4. Rate of chlorophyll accumulation (ug/cm) per
day on glass microscope slides in the Madison
River (1965).
23
O ■
O
O1
O ,
O
. O
O
O
O
O •
O
O1
O
1 O
O
O
O
O
5.o Examples of pH.curves for all stations over a
twenty-four hour period (July 14-15, 1965)
24
6 . Weekly fluctuations in total alkalinity and
river stage at the gaging station oh .the Ma d i ­
son River during the summer sampling period
(1965)
o
o
•
O
O
O
O
O
O
0 - 0
O
O
O •
O
O
O
7 o Example of curves produced by titrating a
sample of Madison River water with carbon
dioxide saturated distilled water,
O
O '
O
0
0 . 0
O
o'
26
27
O
8 o Example of curves showing the concentration
of carbon dioxide at all stations during a
twenty-four hour sampling period (July/14-15
1965)
O
. Oi
O
‘ 1O
O
O
O
0 . 0
O
O
O
o •
O
O
O
• O
O
O
O
: 9 9 Example of curves showing the concentration
of free carbon dioxide at all stations during
a twenty-four hour sampling period (July 14-15
1965) O O ' O 0 * 0 O O
O
28
30
“ix.".
LIST OF FIGURES--Continued
FIGURE
Page
10. Average rates of change in carbon dioxide
concentration due to biological factors
in river reaches during a twenty-four hour
per rod (1965) . •. .»■ .
. >. » . . . .. . ■ .- . . .
31
. I ! . -Average daily uptake of carbon dioxide for
all stations over jthe entire -summer sampling
period on the Madison River (1965) . . . . . . . ..
33
12i Light intensity (g cal/cm^) per day from 0600
to 1800 hours for each sampling date through­
out the summer sampling period (1965). . . . .-.
34
13. Average daily water temperature (0600 to 1800
hours) for all stations during the summer
sampling period (1965) .
. „ . . . . . .
36
.
14. Average current velocity (ft/see) for all
reaches.on each sampling date during the
summer sampling period (1965). .. . . . .. . . .. .
15. Comparison of free COg, photosynthesis, stand­
ing crop of macrophytes and chlorophyll copcentration in the Madison Riv e r . Each point
represents an; average of the measurements over
the entire summer sampling period for the
designated reach.
(1965). . . ... . ... .
37
.41
-X-
ABSTRACT
An investigation of the downstream decrease in produc­
tivity of the Madison River in northwestern Yellowstone
National Park was carried out in an effort to determine the
correlation among primary,productivity, current velocity,
water temperature, light, carbon dioxide concentration, time
of day and reach of the river.
Seasonal, daily,and downstream variation in primary
productivity over a 14-mile reach of the river was determined
by harvesting the standing crop of macrophytes; measuring
changes in carbon dioxide concentration; and determining
chlorophyll concentration.
Statistical analysis using photosynthesis as the depend­
ent variable and carbon dioxide concentration, light, water
temperature, and current velocity as the independent varia­
bles, showed carbon dioxide concentration to have the highest
partial correlation coefficient followed in decreasing order
by temperature, light and velocity.
.It was concluded that the downstream decrease in.carbon
dioxide concentration was of primary importance in accounting
for the downstream decline in primary,productivity,of the
river.
INTRODUCTION
Until recent years 3 investigations of primary produc­
tion in bodies of water dealt almost exclusively with.lakes,
ponds and seas„
With the possible exception of Butcher
(1927, 1932a, 1932b, 1933, .1940, 1945, 1947, 194.8), whose
research pertained primarily to the ecology and taxonomy of
English rivers, flowing waters were almost entirely ignored.
Recently, however, methods were outlined (Odum, ,1956) and
demonstrated (Sargent and Austin, 1949, Odum and Odum, 1955,
Odum, 1957a, Odum, 1957b) for the effective study of the
metabolism of rivers, streams, and other moving masses of
water.
Since the publication of these exploratory works,
there has been a significant increase in investigations of
the biology of running water (Odum and Hoskin 9 1957, Hoskin 9
1959, McConnel and Sigler, 1959, Edwards and Owens, 1960,
Owens and Edwards, 1961, Edwards and Owens, 1962, Owens and
Edwards, 1962, Copeland and Duffer, 1964, Owens, Edwards and
Gibbs, 1964, Kevern and Ball, 1965, Duffer and Doris, 1966).
The Madison River in northwestern Yellowstone National
Park, Wyoming, offers an ideal opportunity for the study
of an unpolluted stream in which there is a continual de­
crease in productivity from its headwaters to a point about
14 miles downstream.
'« 2 “
The purpose of the present investigation was to deter­
mine quantitatively, the primary, productivity of the Madison
River and to compare the measurements with standing crops
of macrophytes and periphyton, light, temperature, carbon
dioxide concentration, and current velocity utilizing three
methods: (I) harvesting the standing crop of macrophytes,
(2) measuring the changes of carbon dioxide concentration,
and (3) determining chlorophyll concentration.
The results
)
are examined to determine what correlation exists among pri­
mary productivity, current velocity, water temperature, light,
CO 2 concentration, time of day and reach of the river.
The present investigation is one of a group of investi­
gations supported by Public Health Service Research Grant
WP-OO125 and Training Grant 5T1-WP-1 from the division of
Water Supply and Pollution Control.
DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY'AREA
At an elevation of 2,080.6 m (6,826 ft) the Madison
River is formed by. the union of the Firehole and Gibbon Riv­
ers which serve as the drainage of numerous hot springs and
geysers in a northwestern portion of Yellowstone National
Park.
Allen and Day (1935) estimated that the total amount
of thermal waters flowing into the Firehold River was
1.55 m^./sec (54.92 ft^/sec) and that thermal discharge into
the Gibbon River amounted to 0.19 m 3 /sec (6.85 ft^/sec).
The Madison River flows in a westerly direction through­
out the study, area (Figure I).
For the first 9.7 km (6 mi)
it passes through a deep canyon with cliffs and hills of
welded tuff on its north and more rugged cliffs and talus
slopes from the rhyolite flows of the Madison Plateau to .its
south.
After the river leaves the canyon, it flows through
an area of decomposed rhyolite and fuff.
The river bottom is variables consisting of boulders,
large to small cobble, coarse to fine gravel, sand and silt.
These may be either cemented together or resting loosely on
the bedrock material.
The w i d t h .of the river ranges from about 25.9 m (85 ft)
to about 67.1 m (220 ft) with an average of about 44.5 m
(146 ft).
The depth varies seasonally and at different Ioca-
Montana
Wyoming
YelIowsJl on#
Natdona I
Station
S tation
S tation
Station
S tation
S tation
Madison
River
Gibbon
R iver
Figure I: Map of Yellowstone National Park showing location of study area and stations
■-5-
tions within the study area.
The depth at the most shallow
.point during dry weather is about 0.2 m (0.5 ft) while the
deepest point, during the period of greatest runoff is nearly
,3.1 m (10 ft).
-Average depth is about 0.8 m (2.5 ft).
According to the Surface Water Records of Montana (19631964), the rate of discharge from the river normally fluctu­
ates between a winter minimum of about 8.5 rn^/sec (300 ft^,/
sec) and a spring maximum of about 43.9 rn^sec (1550 ft^/sec).
The extremes recorded are a maximum of 60.9 rn^/sec (2,150
ftrVsec) on May 243 1956, and an estimated minimum of 2.8 m^/
sec (100 ft^/sec) on February,7, 1933.
The average discharge
over a forty-nine year period was 13.4 m^./sec (473 ft^/sec).
Maximum discharge usually occurs during late May and early
June, at which time the heaviest rainfall of the region coin­
cides with the spring runoff from the heavy snows which cover
this mountainous area.
Concentrations of various ions remain quite constant
throughout the study area, but show seasonal variation.
Chemically, the water is a sodium-bicarbonate-chloride type,
with silica concentration remaining close to the saturation
level of the water.
Calcium and magnesium are present only
in small amounts (Roeder, 1966).
-
6“
■Six stations were located on the stream, separating the
river into five reaches„
Station one was located at the
National Park Service pullout designated, "Wild Animals at
Home," 1.6 km (I mi) from the confluence of the Firehole and
Gibbon Rivers.
At this station, long strands of aquatic
macrophytes in dense stands covered about 85% of the sub­
strate .
Chara vulgaris was the most abundant plant, but
there were conspicuous amounts of Potamogeton filiformis and
Po strictifolius as well as Berula erecta.
The plants grew
from the silt, fine to coarse sand and fine gravel of the
river bottom.
Mixtures of coarse graveI and cobble up to
about 7.6 cm (3 i n ) .in diameter were exposed in scattered
patches„
Station two was situated at a National Park Service
pullout entitled, "Mt. Haynes," 3.3 km (2.04 mi) below sta­
tion one.
At this point, the vegetation was dense, but
there was a smaller percent ..of the substrate covered by the
plants than at station one.
Chara and Potamogeton, the co­
dominant genera at this station occurred on about 70% of the
substrate, but there were large areas of exposed rubble.
Station three was established 2.6 km (1.60 mi) down­
stream from station two.
At this location, the vegetation
«7°°
was less dense than at the preceding stations, but was still
present in strands 0.6 to 0.9 m (2 to 3 ft) long.
garis made up about. 5.0% of the vegetative cover.
Chara vul­
The remain­
der consisted primarily of Sparganium chlorocarpum, Berula
erecta and Glyceria borealis in about equal quantities.
There
were scattered boulders ranging in size from about 0.9 m
(3 ft) to 1.8 m (6 ft) in diameter, but the major portion of
the exposed river bottom was made up of coarse gravel and
rubble.
Station four was situated about 9.1 m (10 yd) upstream
from the 7 Mile Bridge, 3 . 3 km (2.03 mi),below station three.
Less than 50%.of the substrate of sand, gravel and cobble was
covered by.the vegetation.
Chara vulgaris was the dominant
macrophyte with Sparganium chlorocarpum and MyriophylIum
exalbescens present :in significant quantities.
Station five was located at the National Park Service
pullout designated, "Riverside Soldier Station, 1V 5.1 km
(3,19 mi) below station four.
The sparse vegetation con­
sisted mainly, of the mosses Hygroamblystegium fluviatile and
Fissidens grandifrons w i t h .significant amounts of Chara
vulgaris, Glyceria borealis and Berula erecta.
The river
bottom included sand, gravel, and small boulders and large
T Sslabs of exposed bedrock.
Station six was established at the old Riverside Ranger
Station 5,I km (3.16 mi) downstream from station five.
About
90% of the river bottom supported no vegetation and consisted
of unconsolidated cobble 7.6 to 15.2 cm (3 to 6. in) in diam­
eter, small boulders 30.5 to 45.7 cm (12 to 18 in) in diam­
eter, and a few scattered patches of coarse sand and fine
gravel.
The meager vegetation was dominated by.the mosses,
Hygroamblystegium fluviatile and Fissjdens grandifrons, but
Myriophyllum exalbescens and Berula erecta were conspicuous.
/
METHODS
Carbon Dioxide Concentration
Water samples were obtained from the six river stations
at weekly intervals from May 15s to October 30, 1965„
On
each sampling date, collections were made every three hours
at each station, commencing at 0600 hours and proceeding
through .0600 hours the following day.
All. samples were col­
lected in one-liter polypropylene plastic screw-cap bottles
which were rinsed twice before being filled with the water
sample.
Immediately upon return to the field laboratory, pH
measurements were made with a Beckman Model 76 Expanded
Scale pH meter.
Alkalinity was determined for each set of
samples at six hour intervals.
The titrations were made on
100 ml of water with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, using methyl
orange as an indicator (Rutner, 1965).
Upon return to the laboratory at Bozeman, Montana, pH
changes were correlated with carbon dioxide changes according
to the method of Beyers et al„
(1963).
A series of graphs was produced for each sampling date
by first plotting the carbon dioxide concentration at station
one as the ordinate against the time of collection as the
abscissa.
The carbon dioxide concentration of each succes,-
-10-
sive station was displaced to the left by a time interval
equivalent to the flow time from station one to the station
whose data was being p lotted„
By plotting the curves in this manner 3 the vertical dis­
tance between two curves corresponded to the carbon dioxide
change during the time required to flow through the reach.
The change in carbon dioxide concentration per unit
volume per minute from one station to the succeeding one down­
stream was determined by dividing the change in carbon dioxide
concentration per unit volume by the flow time between sta­
tions ,
By.multiplying this value by the average depth of
the water between the two stations 9 the rates of change were
converted to a unit area basis„
Concentration as parts per million (ppm) of free carbon
dioxide for each collection time at each station was calcu­
lated by converting the -milliequivalents per liter total al­
kalinity, to parts per million alkalinity,as HCO 3" according
to the equation derived by Rainwater and Thatcher (1960);
ppm CQ 2 = 1,589 X 10& |H-h[ X ppm alkalinity as -HCO3"
The concentration in ppm CO 2 was then converted to the
equivalent molar concentration per cubic meter,
•The exchange coefficient ( k ) :between free carbon dioxide
-11-
of the water and that of the atmosphere was computed by di­
viding the areal rate of change of carbon dioxide in a reach
by the difference in concentration .of free CC>2 between the
water and atmosphere.
The computation was made using only
the measurements from the samples collected at 2100, 2400 and
0300 hours as pH curves indicated that respiratory rates were
minimal at.these times.
The exchange coefficients calculated
for these three sample periods were averaged to produce the
values utilized in .later calculations.
•An exchange coefficient was not calculated for the reach
between stations one and two in the above described manner
because a few hundred yards above station one, a small hot
spring discharged water greatly enriched with carbon dioxide
into the river, thus distorting the measurements utilized in
determining .this parameter.
Physical and biological charac­
teristics of the reach between stations one and two and those
between stations two and three were so similar that the ex­
change coefficient computed for the reach between stations
two and three was also utilized for the reach between sta­
tions one and two.
•The change in carbon dioxide due to biological factors
was calculated by use of the equation:
-12.™
R = Cc - k(Cf - Ca)
where Cc is the change in carbon dioxide concentration per
unit area per minute, k is the CO 2 exchange coefficient, Cf
is the concentration of free carbon dioxide in the river
water, and Ca is the concentration of atmospheric carbon
dioxide.
Hydrology and Morphometry
Discharge measurements were obtained from the rating
table for the stream gaging station maintained by.the U,S ,
Geological Survey near station six.
Flow times between consecutive stations were measured
by introducing a few cubic centimeters of rhodamine-B dye
into the main current at the upstream station.
The passage
of the mass of water into which the dye was introduced was
detected fluorometrically.at the succeeding downstream
station by pumping water through a Turner Fluorometer,.Model
HO,
equipped with a continuous flow cell and recorder.
The time which elapsed between the introduction of the dye
at the upstream station and the recorded passage of the
peak dye concentration at the downstream station was con­
sidered to-be the flow.time between the two stations.
-13-
This procedure was repeated for several different river
stages„
Flow times were plotted against river stage and
flow .times for water levels intermediate to those measured
were calculated from the graphs =
Current velocity, was determined by dividing the flow
times between stations into the distance separating the
stations.
Areas of river reaches were measured by planimetry from
aerial photographs.
Solar Radiation
Solar radiation was determined with a recording Eppley
PyroheIiometer that was mounted on top of the laboratory .at
station six.
Temperature
While each sample was being collected, the temperature
of the river water was measured with a standard laboratory
thermometer.
Standing Crop of Macrophytes
The standing crop of macrophytes was measured period­
ically at all river stations from April 11, to November I,
)
-14-
1964.
The plants were harvested from a series of eight
.one-quarter-meter quadrats along a transect across the river
and were placed while still moist in air-tight polyethylene'
plastic bags.
The bags and their contents were refrigerated
until the plants could be sorted according to species.
Sort
ing was generally completed less than four days after the
plants had been harvested.
After the plants were sorted, they were oven dried at a
temperature of 105° Centigrade, cooled to room temperature,
then weighed on a triple beam balance.
The standing crop at all river stations as well as
points intermediate to stations two and three, four and five
and five and six was measured using the. same procedure on
August 24-25, 1965 3 except that they were not sorted to
species.
Chlorophyll Determination
Glass microscope slides were submerged in modified
Catherwood Diatometers (Patrick et a l . , 1954) at all river
stations from May 18, to October 24, 1965.
Each slide re­
mained in the water for a span of from two to four weeks
before it was replaced by a new slide.
Immediately upon
-15-
removal from the diatometer, the slide was immersed in 30 ml
of 90% acetone in an individual container and refrigerated.
Chlorophyll-a concentration of the extracts was deter­
mined according to the method of Richards with Thompson
(1952).
-The spectrophotometrie analyses were completed
within twenty-four hours after the removal of the slides
from the river.
RESULTS
S t a n d i n g Crop of M a c r o p h y t e s
Results of harvesting.the macrophytic standing crops
are recorded in Table I.
The extremes and the means are ex­
pressed for the samples collected during the summer of 1964,
whereas the weights shown for the summer of 1965 represent
the collections of a single sampling period.
The mean weights for the stations in the 1964 samples
•indicate that there was a decrease in the standing crop of
macrophytes downstream from station one.
The 1965 samples
from the stations did not show the downstream decrease so
obviously, but it is easily,noted in the means for the
reaches.
Furthermore, a correlation coefficient of -=9473
between samples of macrophytic standing crop and stations is
significant to the 1% level of probability.
With the ex­
ception of reach.five, standing crops were much greater in
1965 than in 1964.
The floral composition of the community in 1964 also
changed downstream as is shown in Table II.
The dominant
plants at the upper stations were Chara and Potamogeton.
the lower stations, the mosses became dominant.
At
Berula and
Myriophyllum were minor components'at all stations.
The seasonal variation.in standing crops is evident in
Table-I .- Oven dry weights (gm/m^) of macrophytic standing crops in the Madison River.
Station
I
Mean
1964 Samples
Extremes
360.8
Mean for Reach
212.0-564.7
Station
811.3
310.5
2
.
260.1.
238.2-299.4
849.2
-887.1
232.6
2a
" 3
517.1
226.5
205.0“'
113.9-304.3
437.8
165.6
4
126.1
80 .4 -202.5
449.9
461.9
117.4
4a
5
238.5
154.8
108.7
56 .1 -236.2
98.8
81.5
5a
6
Average
of Means
1965-Samples
Mean for Reach
59.7
51.6
54.2
185.8
14.0-115.6
28.7
350.9
-
Table I I i
Chara
Percent composition of macrophytic standing crop (1964).
.Mosses
Station
Berula
Potamogeton
I
18.5
43.4
T
6.8
2
2.4
47.3
T
1.5
3
11.2
■50.4
0.3
4
9.5
45.7
T
5
9.9
22.9
6
10.8
2.7
Sparganium
Glyceria
24.2
7.0
T
41.2
6.7
T
• 4.4
6.8
15.5
11.3
9.9
11.9
9.2
13.6
29.4
5.0
2.6
8.4
21.8
72.3
13.5
0.0
0.6
T
.
-19“
Table III,
Averages of the values for stations five and six
were used because samples were collected over the longest
period from these stations.
High water in May and June
prevented sampling at the upper stations.
Table III,
May 9
45,2
Oven dry weights (g/m^) of macrophytes for
various dates (1964),
June 26
42,6
July 27
55,3
Aug 3
Sept 16
Sept 22
110,1
167.3
124.1
The greatest growth occurred between July 2 7 3 and
August .3j at which time there was a 99% increase.
Chlorophyll Determination
The average chlorophyll concentration at each station
for the summer sampling period is shown in Figure 2.
There
was a significant decrease downstream from station one.
The
correlation coefficient between average chlorophyll concen­
tration and stations was -.8360, which is significant to the
5% level of probability.
Seasonal fluctuations are protrayed in Figure 3, with
maxima occurring in the latter part of July and the middle
of October.
Figure h shows the rate of change of chlorophyll concern-
!'I
-2 0 -
Stoti on*
Figure 2:
Average chlorophyll "a" concentration for each station during
the summer sampling period (1965).
Chlorophyll
-2 1 -
Figure 3:
Seasonal fluctuation in chlorophyll "a". The concentration
shown for each date is the average computed from the
measurements for all stations at that collection time (1965).
=22=
tration in micrograms per square centimeter per day that the
slides were in the water.
Each point represents the average
for slides collected from all stations on the indicated date =
Comparison of Figure 4 with Figure 3 reveals that the
peak rate of change appeared on July 29 3 whereas the peak
concentration occurred about a week earlier.
The slides
which were removed on July 23, had been in the water for a .
period of 35 days, while those removed on Jyly 29, had been
in the water for only 16 days.
The September 9 minimum is
present in both curves, so except for the displacement of
the July peak, the two curves are similar.
pH and Alkalinity
Figure 5 is a series of pH curves showing changes which
occurred during one sampling date at all stations during the
twenty-four hour sampling period.
The pH of station one was
slightly greater than that at station two, otherwise there
was a general increase downstream from station one. •A daily
cycle of changes is evident with the maxima usually occur?ring at 1500 hours and minima usually present at 0300 hours.
Figure 6 shows the relationship between total alkalini­
ty and river depth at the gaging station during the summer
Chlorophyll
accumulation ( jjg / c m 2) per
-2 3 -
23
Figure Ui
2
12 22
2
12
Rate of chlorophyll accumulation (jug/cm) per day on glass
microscope slides in the Madison River (196$),
-2 4 -
Station 6
■AStation 4
“ Station 3
sA----
0900
0600
Figure 5:
■f Station I
"S ta tio n 2
0300
2400
0600
Examples of pH curves for all stations over a twenty-four
hour period (July lU-15, 196$).
-25-
samp ling period.
The inverse relationship between alkalini­
ty and river depth was apparently, due to the dilution effect
of surface runoff from snow melt.
Maximum depth occurred on
June 5, at which.time the total alkalinity was minimal.
Each time the total alkalinity of the river water
changed significantly, the relationship between pH change
and total dissolved carbon dioxide was determined by/titrat­
ing a sample with carbon dioxide saturated water as suggest­
ed by Beyers et-al.
(1963).
curve is shown in Figure 7.
An example of such a
CO
2
~
pH
The CO 2 concentrations were
computed from curves similar to Figure 7.
CO 2 Concentration
An example of total CO 2 concentrations is shown in
Figure 8 .
The total CO 2 concentration at pH 8=4 was used
as an arbitrary zero point for the calculations.
A significant decrease in total carbon dioxide concen­
tration from ,the upper stations to those downstream is shown
in Figure 8 =
There was also a daily periodicity,with minima
generally present between 1200 and 1500 hours and maxima
usually occurring at 0300.
At the pH ranges which occurred
during the study period; the changes in total CO 2 corre-
-2 6 -
2.4
23
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.9
-
1.6
1.5
1.4
T o ta l
1.7
a l k o l i n it
I*!
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
09
15
25
Figure 6:
14
24
14
24
13
23
12
22
12
22
Weekly fluctuations in total alkalinity and river stage at
the gaging station on the Madison River during the summer
sampling period (1965).
-2 7 -
8.0
•
7.9
■
7.5
■
7.4
•
mM
Figure 7:
CO2 Zi
Example of curves produced by titrating a sample of Madison
River water with carbon dioxide saturated distilled water.
-2 8 -
-A--
Station 2
—A
Station I
Station 3
Station 4
lotion 5
Station 6
0300
0900
0600
Figure 8:
1200
2400
0600
Example of curves showing the concentration of carbon dioxide
at all stations during a twenty-four hour sampling period
(July 1 U -1 S , 1965).
■=•29” ■
sponded to changes in free CQ 2 «
This is evident if Figure 8
is compared to Figure 9, which portrays the free C02 concen­
trations for the game period.
A decrease in free CO 2 from
the upper stations to the lower ones is apparent.
Changes in Total CO 2 Concentration
Figure 10 shows the rate of change in total carbon di­
oxide concentration due to biological factors for each of
the reaches during a twenty-four hour period.
Each point
represents the average of all values measured over the en­
tire summer collection period for the indicated time.
It
can be seen that the most rapid rates of utilization and
production of CQ 2 took place in the reach between stations
one and two.
A progressive downstream diminution is appar­
ent with the lowest rates being exhibited in the reach from
station five to station six.
.Maximum rates of utilization of CO 2™-indicating maxi­
mum p^otosynthetic rates--were achieved from 0900 to 1200
hours for all reaches except that between stations two and
three, where it occurred during the interval between 1200
and 1500 hours.
There was a great deal of variation as to the time of
—3 0 —
Station 2
— a
Station I
200-a
Station 3
CO. (mM/m*)
Station 4
Station 5
Station 6
0300
0900
0600
Figure 9:
2400
0600
Example of curves showing the concentration of free carbon
dioxide at all stations during a twenty-four hour sampling
period (July lU-15, 1965).
—3 1 —
0.00
0900
0600
Figure IOt
0300
2400
Average rates of change in carbon dioxide concentration due
to biological factors in river reaches during a twenty-four
hour period (1965)»
-32-
maximum respiratory rates»
The reach between stations one
and two and that between two and three showed a peak be ­
tween 2100 and 2400 hours„
The peak respiration of the
downstream reaches appeared to occur erratically, probably
because of the inaccuracies of the method when small changes
in CO 2 concentrations are involved.
The seasonal pattern of net photosynthesis is shown in
Figure 11.
The maximum rate occurred during the latter por­
tion of June and the early part of July after which time
there was a general downward trend toward the minimum
achieved in late October during,the latter part of the sam­
pling period.
Light Intensity
/Figure 12 shows the total light intensity, between the
hours of 0.600 and 1800 for each sampling date through the
■summer.
When Figures 11 and 12 are compared, it will be
noted that photosynthesis was low on May 22 and June 5,
.
. '
whereas the light intensity was high. During the rest of
:!
ji
the season, the highest photosynthetic rates were correlatI
'I
ed with the highest light intensities and there was a grad­
ual trend downward in photosynthesis correlated with de:
,
)
)
'
.
;
■
■
I
per day
-3 3 -
] 4 ____2 4
Figure 11:
4
14
24
3
13
23
2
12
ZZ
2
12
22
Average daily uptake of carbon dioxide for all stations over
the entire summer sampling period on the Madison River
(1965).
“ 34—
Z 300
S 250
14
Figure 12:
24
14
24
Light intensity (g cal/cm^) per day from 0600 to 1800 hours
for each sampling date throughout the summer sampling
period (1965).
-35,creasing light intensity.
Water Temperature
There was not a great deal of variation among the sta­
tions in their average daily water temperature as is shown
in Figure 13.
However, there was a general tendency,for
the downstream stations to become warmer than the upstream ■
stations during warming trends and cooler during cooling
conditions.
This tendency can be noted in the warmer tem­
peratures in spring and early summer, and the cooler tem­
peratures in the fall at the lower stations.,
Seasonally, there was a gradual warming trend toward
the maximum which was attained in late July and early
■August, after which there was a more rapid cooling to the
J
minimum that was reached during the latter part of the
sampling period in October.
■Current Velocity
i
Figure. 14 shows the average current velocity for reaches
between all stations for each sampling date throughout the
summer sampling period.
Changes occurred simultaneously in
all reaches although there was a less abrupt change in the
reach between stations two and three than the others.
This
—3 6—
,station 2
■station I
station 4
' " I station 5
station 6
May
Figure 13:
14
June
24
14
July
12
24
Aug.
Sept.
22
12
22
Oct.
Average daily water temperature (0600 to 1800 hours) for all
stations during the summer sampling period (196$).
-3 7 -
Vel
2 .7 ■
15
Figure lU:
25
14
24
14
24
13
23
12
22
Average current velocity (ft/sec) for all reaches on each
sampling date throughout the summer sampling period (1965)»
“ 38-
was especially true during.the. period from mid-May, to late
June, at which time the maximum velocity,was attained in ail
reaches.
During the spring runoff, when the maximum velocity oc­
curred, the greatest average velocity was found in t h e .reach
separating stations four and five.
This was followed in
order of magnitude by reaches one to two, five to six, two to
three and three to-four.
After the. spring runoff, when the
river reached its more stable summer level, the greatest
average.velocity, was still found in the reach between sta­
tions four and five, but.it was followed by reaches two to
three, five to six, one to two and three to four.
Statistical Analysis of Data by Reach
A comparison was made of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide
concentration, current velocity and temperature between
reaches.
The average values of these variables for each of
the five reaches is given in Table IV.
A correlation coefficient of -.8202 (significant to the
0 .1% level) was obtained between the downstream sequence of
reaches and concentration of free carbon dioxide.
The cor­
relation coefficient of -0.4540 between reaches and photo-
Table 1%.
Average values of photosynthesis9 carbon dioxide concentration, current
velocity and temperature for the various reaches over the entire summer
sampling p e r i o d (1965)
Reach
Photosynthesis
moles/m^/day
CO2 Concentration
moles/m^
I
41.1
145.6
.65
16.0
2
32.1
131.6
.71
15.9
3
2 2 .5
108.6
.5 2
15.7
4
' 16.5
78.7
.77
15.6
5
5 .8
45.1
69
1 5 .8
Current Velocity
m/sec
- Temperature
°C
\
” 40
™
synthesis was also significant to the 0.1% level.
Correla­
tion between reaches and current velocity (R=.1201) was found
to be significant to the 1% level of probability.
However,
temperatures were not significantly different between the
reaches.
The parallelism between photosynthesis, macrophyte
standing crop, chlorophyll concentration, and free CO 2 con■
centratipn is portrayed In Figure 15.
Statistical Analysis of Pooled Data.
A study was carried out with an IBM 1620 Model II Disk
Loaded Routine OMPREG.
This program presents the means,
standard deviation, variance and sum of the squares of each
variable, the linear regression coefficients of the equation,
the standard error of the regression coefficients, partial
and multiple correlation coefficients, coefficients of deter„
:
'
mination, standard error of the estimate, t value and F
.
ratios.
Photosynthesis measurements w e r e .assumed to be a valid
:
'
indicator of the primary productivity of the river and were
taken as the dependent variable.
Light, water temperature,
current velocity and carbon dioxide concentration values
—4 1 —
-1700
-1500
-1400
-1300
I
-1200
6
-MOO
Free
CO
-IOOO
-
900
-
800
700
I
OJ
E
<Oi
a,
E
w
-6 0 0
0
Chlorophyll
-
500
-
400
■
300
-
200
1
OJ
OI
- IOO
Figure 1S>1 Comparison of free COg, photosynthesis, standing crop of
macrophytes and chlorophyll concentration in the Madison
River, Each point represents an average of the measurements
over the entire summer sampling period for the designated
reach (1965).
-42-
were used as independent variables„
In this analysis all of
the data for the entire study section were pooled without
regard for differences between reaches„
Light intensity, which was measured by a single pyrheliometer located at station six, was considered as being the
same for all stations„
Doubtless,
there was variation in the
light over the 14 miles which separated station six from
:
station one, but the difference was assumed to be negligible„
Regressions were run, however, between the photosynthesis
which occurred at a particular time of day and the light at
the same time.
■When a simple regression analysis was carried out using
each independent variable individually, a correlation coefI;
ficient which was significant tb the 0 .1% level of probabili­
ty ,was obtained for all factors except current velocity.
The
i
l
correlation coefficient for velocity was hot significantly
different from zero.
By,far the largest correlation coeffi­
cient was found for carbon dioxide concentration.
•A multiple regression equation using each of the factors
as separate independent variables gave a coefficient of de­
termination of .2658 over the entire length of the river
studied.
)
This indicates that about 2.7% of the variation.in
I
”43'=
the photosynthesis was associated with the variables u s e d .in
the equationo
Carbon dioxide concentration was found to have
a much larger partial correlation coefficient than any. of the
other three factors (see Table V ) .
by temperature, light and velocity.
It was followed in.order
All except velocity were
significant to the 0.1%,level of probability.
The partial
correlation coefficient of velocity was not significantly
different frbm zero.
Table VI portrays the constants of the multiple regres­
sion equation relating photosynthesis to light, water temper­
ature , current velocity and COg concentration.
All _t values
except that for velocity indicate significance to the 0 .1%
.level of probability.
The t: value for velocity shows no
significant difference from zero.
In.subsequent equations involving the entire length, of
the study, area, when carbon dioxide occurred in combination
with any of the other independent variables9 its.partial cor­
relation coefficient was consistently larger than that.of
the others, and.was in all cases significant to the 0.1%
level of probability.
Table V«
Correlation coefficients for various combinations of independent variables over the
entire length of the study area. Photosynthesis as dependent variable. (Significance levels: ***better than 0.001, **Better than 0.01 , *better than 0.05)
Independent Variables
Simple Coro
Coefficient
Light
. 1798* * *
Temp.
.1 7 0 0 * * *
Vel.
Multiple Cor.
Coefficient
Partial Correlation Coefficients
Light
Temp.
Velocity
CO2
-.0271
O sl
U
.4 0 9 1 * * *
Light 3 Temp
.2 2 1 2 * * *
.1 4 3 7 * *
Light, Vel.
.1 9 0 2 * * *
.1 8 8 3 * * *
Light, CO2
/ 47 I O * * *
.2 5 6 0 * * *
Temp, Velo
.1 6 9 9 * * *
.1 6 7 8 * * *
Temp., COg
.4 8 5 0 * * *
.2 8 5 5 * * *
Velo, CO2
.4 0 9 9 * * *
Light, Tempo, Vel.
.2 2 3 9 * * *
.1 4 8 0 * *
.1 2 0 4 * *
Light, Temp., CO2
.5 1 6 7 * * *
.2 0 3 7 * * *
.2 4 0 7 * * *
Light, Velo, COg
.4 7 1 2 * * *
.2 5 4 8 * * *
Tempo, Velo, GO2
.4 9 1 4 * * *
Light, Temp0, Vel., COg
.5 1 8 1 * * *
.1 3 1 2 * *
- .0632
.4 4 2 6 * * *
0
.00 0 3
.4 6 0 9 * * *
.0294
.1 8 8 7 * * *
.4 0 9 1 * * *
-.0355
.4 7 8 7 * * *
»<.0161
.4 3 9 2 * * *
.2 9 7 1 * * *
..0904*
.4678***
.2 4 4 2 * * *
..0 4 5 5
.4 7 9 7 * * *
Table VI.
Constants of the regression equation relating photosynthesis to light, water temper­
ature, current velocity and CO 2 concentration (Sample size 480, mean photosynthesis
-23.6 iriM COgZm^ per three hours).
Regression
Coefficient
•Standard Error
of Regression
Coefficient.
-.0649
0.0166
1
00
110.04
Temperature
-1.8692
0.3405
-5.48
15.80
-.2442
Velocity
-2.0305
1.2042
-0.99
2.18
-.0455
S
-0.2977
0.0250
-11.90
101.91
■- .4794
Independent
Variable
TT-I
<r
Light
t
Value
Mean Value '
of
Variable
-
•Partial
Correlation
Coefficient
-.1887
CM
DISCUSSION
A downstream decrease in the productivity of the Madi­
son River from its headwaters to Station 6 -was demonstrated
by a progressive decline In macrophyte standing crop, chloro­
phyll concentration, and photosynthesis„
A discussion.of
the probable cause of this phenomenon now.remains„
Since the light regime could be assumed to be the same
for all reaches and since temperature differences between
the reaches were statistically nonsignificant, these factors
may,be ruled out.
There were significant differences.in current velocity
between the reaches; however, both the “simple and partial
correlation coefficients between photosynthesis and current
velocity were statistically nonsignificant.
There was also
no significant correlation between current velocity, and
macrophyte standing crop, or between current velocity and
chlorophyll concentration.
It has been stated that current velocity, has some effect
on growth of macrophytes and periphyton.
.Blum (1956) con­
cluded that although rapid current presented mechanical dan­
ger for phytoplankton organisms, benthic algae were in some
■way,benefitted by moderate current.
Whitford (1960) desig­
nated 15.2 cm/sec (0.5 ft/sec) as the lower limit which.pro­
-47-
duced the current effect, but he did not indicate an upper
limit.
.Figure -14 shows that during the entire study period,
the average current velocity of all reaches exceeded the
lower limit designated by Whitford 0 As there was no signifi­
cant difference between current velocity and chlorophyll
concentration, there must have been no important difference
in benefits to the algae of the various reaches, or if there
was, it was hidden by,some undetected variable„
Blum (1957), in his work on the Saline River in Michi­
gan, found an increased growth of Cladophora glomerata at
the crest of certain riffles, whereas it was either absent
or reduced elsewhere.
The only observable or measurable
difference between the crest and other portions was a slight
increase:in current rate at the crest.
The average velocity
on the riffles was from 0,30 to 0,90 m/sec (0,98 to 2,95
ft/sec).
Maximum occurred at low water where the.rate was
1/35 m/sec (4,43 ft/sec) and at this point, sterilized .rocks
developed algal colonies within eight weeks after their
placement.
Concentration of free carbon dioxide was the only meas­
ured variable that had a highly significant correlation
»48-
with photosynthesis and which also declined downstream in a
manner consistent with the observed downstream decrease in
photosynthesis.
Duffer and Doris (1966) from their work on the Blue
River in Oklahoma, felt that productivity was determined by
the bottom material of the various reaches„
This was not
considered to be true in the upper Madison River as this
river system occurs almost completely.within rhyolite lava
flows (Boyd, 1961) .
There was some variation in the size, of
the materials making up the river bottom with the larger
boulders occurring in the intermediate reaches, but the
i
parent material throughout the length of the study area was
the same.
When all of the data were pooled and reaches were disre­
garded, highly significant correlation coefficients were ob­
tained between photosynthesis and each of the following:
free carbon dioxide concentration, light and temperature.
The highest partial correlation coefficient,value was found
between photosynthesis and carbon dioxide concentration (see
Table V ) »
H o w e v e r , t h e multiple correlation coefficient b e ­
tween photosynthesis and carbon dioxide concentration, light
and temperature was considerably greater.
-
49-
The results of the statistical analysis indicated that
the temperature was more highly correlated with photosynthe­
sis than was light„
Comparison of Figures 6 , 11 and 12
shows that the rise in photosynthesis from June 5 to June 23
accompanied an increase in temperature during the same per­
iod.
During this time, light intensities decreased.
Since
the light reaction of photosynthesis is not temperature de­
pendent and the dark reaction is temperature dependent, the
increase in photosynthesis during this period may have been
a result of the synergistic effect of an increase in tem­
perature and carbon dioxide concentrationi
The higher
correlation coefficient obtained between photosynthesis and
temperature than between photosynthesis and light may be
due to the close-parallelism between temperature and .photo­
synthesis at this time.
After June 2.3, there was no corresponding increase in
photosynthesis as temperatures increased to the July maxi­
mum.
Instead, =there was a gradual downward trend of pho­
tosynthesis associated with declining light intensity.
Temperatures also exhibited a decline after early/August.
However, it is difficult to clearly separate the interac­
tions between the three variables during this period.
Rar
-50 =
diant heating of the water would become less as light de­
clined resulting in lower temperatures„
Since carbon di­
oxide concentrations were high as indicated by the high alka­
linity levels at this time, declining temperatures would
appear to have had less effect.on the dark reaction than de­
clining light had on the light reaction.
Thus it would
appear that the effect of temperature would depend upon
whether the system was light limited Or carbon dioxide lim­
ited,
In Ju n e , carbon dioxide limitation seems to be more
I
important and more phtosynthesis occurred with higher tem­
peratures o
From August on,, light limitation seems to be
more important,
■ If river stage (Figure 6) is compared with net photo­
synthesis (Figure 11), the high water period in May and
.
|j
early June was correlated with declining photosynthetic
rates.
Chlorophyll concentration was also minimal at this
time (Figure 3),
Light certainly was not limiting during
'I
this period (Figure 12),
On the basis of this evidence, it
would appear that high current velocity depressed plant
growth and photosynthesis.
However, during this time, the
|
dilution effect produced a low concentration of carbon di-
I
oxide,
)
)
I
In view O1I the higher correlation coefficients be =
“51-
tween carbon dioxide concentration and net photosynthesis,
it would appear more likely that the low photosynthesis
rates were due to the markedly lower carbon dioxide concen­
trations rather than to the current velocity.
When Figure 3 and Figure 11 are compared a rather anom­
alous situation appearss since the greatest amount of chlor­
ophyll on July 2, lagged behind peak photosynthesis by a
month and was harvested at a time when photosynthesis was
minimal.
The peak chlorophyll concentration in October oc­
curred after photosynthesis declined abruptly in late Sep­
tember.
This, was an entirely unsuspected result since one
would expect maximal photosynthesis to occur with the great­
est standing crop.
However, one can only measure the dif­
ference between photosynthesis and respiration during the
daylight hours, and it may be that as the periphyton devel­
oped more fixed carbon was utilized.in respiratory ,-processes
which would lower the net photosynthetic rate even though
gross photosynthesis remained high.
As the periphyton b e ­
came senescent,.perhaps most of the photosynthate was re­
spired, accounting for the low photosynthetic rates when
chlorophyll was maximal.
The relationship between standing
crops of periphyton and photosynthesis needs more Tnvestiga-
-52-
tion«
Since the coefficient of determination for the multiple
•linear regression equation was CL 2685, only about 27% of the
variation in photosynthesis of the river is accounted for by
these independent variables of the equation.
Concurrent
\
measurement of standing crop of macrophytes and periphyton
with collection of samples would probably greatly -increase
the value of the coefficient of determination.
These m e a s ­
urements could not be made simultaneously, therefore over
70% of the variation.in productivity remains to be ascribed
to factors other than those measured in this study or to an
inadequate statistical approach.
In the statistical approach used, it was assumed that
the relationship between photosynthesis and the independent
variables was linear.
However, this is a biologically un­
realistic assumption, since the relationship between light
and photosynthesis and carbon dioxide and photosynthesis can
be expected to be nonlinear.
It is quite possible that much
higher correlation coefficients could have been obtained if
a nonlinear analysis had been made.
However, the .complexity
and expense of performing such an analysis limited its feasi­
bility at the time of this study.
-53-
The results of this study, confirm the preliminary in­
vestigation by.Wright (1964, unpublished) indicating that
with.the exception of free COg concentration, there was no
significant change downstream among the macroelements which
could account for the decline in productivity=
SUMMARY
Samples of the standing crop of macrophytes wete col­
lected periodically.through the summer of 1964 from six sta­
tions on the Madison River.
The first station was located
about one mile below the confluence of the Firehole and Gib­
bon Rivers with the lowermost station located about 14 miles
downstream.
Samples from these stations as well as from
three stations intermediate to them were collected once dur­
ing the summer of 1965.
A significant decrease in downstream
productivity,was found, with the greatest growth occurring in
late July and early,August.
During the summer of 1965, a downstream decrease in
productivity of periphyton was found by determination of
chlorophyll concentration upon glass microscope slides sub­
merged at each of the six stations.
.Two periods of increased
productivity o c c u r r e d o n e in late July, the other in midOctober.
.Measurement of changes.in carbon dioxide concentration
over twenty-four hour, periods at weekly intervals through the
summer of 1965 also indicated a downstream decrease in pro­
ductivity.
A daily periodicity was noted with minima usually
present between 1200 and 1500 hours and maxima usually occur­
ring at 0300.
-55-
In statistical analyses, photosynthesis measurements
were assumed to be a valid indicator of the primary produc­
tivity of the river and w e r e •taken as the dependent variable,
while light, water temperature, current velocity, and carbon
dioxide concentration values were used as independent vari­
ables. ■ Simple regression analyses showed carbon dioxide con­
centration to have a much larger correlation coefficient than
any of the other independent variables.
The correlation co­
efficient between photosynthesis and current velocity was not
significantly different from zero.
The results of the statistical analysis indicated that
temperature was more highly, correlated with photosynthesis
than was light.
It -is proposed that this result may be due
in part to the assumption of a uniform light climate along
the river as measured by a pyroheliometer at only one sta­
tion while temperature was measured for each river reach and
time interval.
.Thus there was more variation in the tem­
perature data than in the light data to correlate with var­
iation in photosynthetic data.
There was a period in mid-summer when temperatures in­
creased with no resulting increase in photosynthesis.
In­
stead thefe was a gradual downward trend of photosynthesis
-56-
associated with declining light intensity.
Because of this,
it is suggested that the effect of temperature would depend
upon whether the system was light limited or carbon dioxide
limited.
In early,summer, carbon dioxide limitation seemed
to be more important, while in late summer light limitation
seemed to be more important.
•Evidence from this study conclusively demonstrates that
carbon dioxide concentration was of primary importance in
, determining the productivity of the Madison River.
.APPENDIX
-58~
Table VII. pH measurements at all stations during twenty
. four hour periods on weekly intervals through
the summer of 1965.
TIME
Date
Hour
May 15-16
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
May 22-23
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
May 29-30
0600
0900
1200
•
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
June 5-6
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
I
2
7.22
STATION
3
4
5
6
7.30
7.25
7.42
7.45
7.45
7.41
7.36
7.36
7.28.
7.20
7.45
7.41
7.40
7.33
7.32
7.32
7.26
7.22
7.25
7.48
7.47
7.51
7.36
.7^34
7.34
7.31
7.30
7.30
7.53
7.55
7.45
7.38
7.38
7.38
7.33
7.50
7.53
7.72
7.78
7.67
7.57
7.58
7.54
7.51
7.68
7.70
7.91
7.98
7.92
7.81
7.77
7.73
7.72
7.27
7.29
.7 ..33
7.33
7.33
7.29
7.31
7.29
7.32
7.31
7.33
7.36
7.33
7.32
7.28
7.29
7.30
7,32
7.32
7.35
7.42
7.39
7.35
7.29
7.33
7.34
7.35
7,32
7.36
7.43
7.43
7.40
7.33
,7.33
7.34
7.36
7.50
7.55
7.63
7 .66
7.61
.7.51
7.53
7.50
7.51
7.66
7.73
7.79
7.83
7.81
7.70
7.70
7.64
7.64
7.28
7.30
7.31
7.33
7.34
7.26
7.25
7.25
7.23
7.28
7.33
7.33
,7.35
7,31
7.23
7.23
7.26
7.24
7.30
7.37
7.40
7.40
7.37
7.27
7.27
7.28
7.26
7.31
7.40
7.43
7.45
7.43
7.31
7.28
7.29
7.26
7.52
7.59
7.64
7.67
7.67
7.53
7.46
7.48
7.44
7.76
7.82
7.82
7.85
7.87
7.71
7.65
7 .66
7.63
7,23
7.31
7.26
7.30
7.28
.7.23
****
7.28
7.31
7. 2.7
7.27
7.36
7.33
7.37
7.32
7.29
7.35
7.36
7.42
7.36
7.45
7.51
7.53
7.61
7.59
7.62
7.67
7.69
7.74
7.75
-59Table VIIo
Continued
TIME
Date
June 12-13
Hour
2100
7.19
2400
0300
0600
7.19
7.18
7.19
0600
0900
7.17
7.29
1200
2100
7.34
7.31
7.22
7.23
2400
0300
0600
7.19
7.17 .7.19
7.17
7.17
1500
1800
CTv
!—I
I
OO
I—I
June
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
7.26
7.24
7.27
7.21
7.24
7.22
7.24
7.25
7.25
7.18
7.20
7.32
7.22
7,31
7.36
7.39
7.39
7.31
7.28
7.30
7.28 7.33
7.22 .7.27
7.23 7.25
7.19 7.21
7,23
7.31
7.32
7.32
7.29
7.25
7.28
7.22
7.47
7.43
7.40
7.42
7.40
7.50
7.57
7.60
7.54
7.49
7.21
7.21
7.21
7.21
7.42
7.40
7.40
7,30
7.38
7.40
7.40
7,37
7.32
7.39
7.41
7.52
7.60
7.67
7.46
7.72
7,70
7.59
7.51
7.50
2400
0300
0600
7.23
7.23
7.21
7.22
7.21
7.19
7.25
0600
0900
7.13
7.31
7.22
7.21
7.46
7.39
7.39
7.61
1200
7,33
7.44
1500
1800
7.31
7.14
7,31
7.34
7.30
7.46
7.71
7.47
7.74
7.41 . 7.67
7.31 7.55
7.28 7.51
7.28 7.51
7.24 7.49
2400
0300
0600
i
7.20
7.20
.5
7.42
7; 32
7.27
7.27
7.27
2100
June 28-29
7.24
7 b34
7.35
7.35
• 7.28
7.25
STATION
3
4
7.28
7.27
7.28
2100
June 23-2.4
I
2
0600
0900
7.21
7.28 7.32
7.24 ,7.25
7.24 7,21
7.20
7,19
7.23
7.31
7.27
7.30
7.30
7.18
7.40
7.37
7,28
7.25
7.27
7.24
7.34
7.37
7.34
7.39
7.49
7.57
7.59
6
7.67
7.60
7.56
7.58
7,57
7.67
7.71
7.75
7.71
****
7.60
7.59
7.57
7.40
7.79
7.84
7.89
7.89
7.80
7.72
7,69
7.68
7.68
7,84
7,85
7.93
7.91
7.76
7.73
7.71
7.71
7.79
7.82
-60 =
Table VII.
Continued
TIME
Date
STAT I O N
Hour
120Q
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
July 9-10
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
July 14-15
06.00
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
July 21-22
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2.100
2400
0300
0600
I
7.34
7.35
7.31
7.29
7.26
7.28
7.22
2
7.34
7.38
7.32
7.26
7.23
7.24
3
4
5
.6
7*21
7.44
7.48
7.45
7.32
7.28
7.29
7.28
7.48
7.54
7.51
7.40
7.31
7.33
7.28
7.72
7.82
7.83
7.67
7.58
7.55
7.56
7.89
7.97
8.03
7.92
7.82
7.79
7.79
7.32
7.38
7.44
7.47
7.36
7.34
7.26
7.31
7.28
7.32
7.41
7.45
7.47
7.38
7.30
7.25
7.26
7.24
7.41 7.42
7.53 7.52
7.61 7 .66
7.62 7.69
7.54 . 7.62
7.38 7.47
7.32 7.37
7.35 7.38
7.31 7.34
7,71
7.83
7.95
8.03
7.97
7.81
7.69
7.69
7.67
7.95
8.07
7.32
7.39
7.50
7.55
7.45
7.36
7.31
7.29
7,31
7.30
7.42
7.52
7.49
7.45
7.30
7.29
7.27
7.28
7.39
7.55
7.64
7.71
7.60
7.42
7.36
7.36
7.36
7.41
7.56
7.72
7.78
7.73
7,53
7.42
7.40
7.40
7.79
7.85
8.08
8.08
8,10
8.12
8.23
8.27
7.89
7.78
7.73
7.75
8.10
7.51
7.51
7.66
7.52
7.45
7.33
7.28
7,26
7.30
7.48
7.51
7.64
7.49
7.44
,7.29
7.25
7.23
7.27
7.57
7.65
7.82
7.62
7.57
7.38
7.33
7.30
7.35
7.58
7.66
7.90
7.72
7.69
7.50
7.40
7.37
7.40
7.92
7.94
8.21
8.02
8.05
7.83
7.71
7.66
7.72
8.10
.8.19
8.20
8.04
7.93
7.91
7.93
8.11
8.22
8.03
7.98
8.00
8.15
8.17
8.38
8.16
8.25
8.04
7.95
7.90
7.94
-61Table VII.
Continued
TIME
STATION
Date
Hour
July 28-29
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
Aug 4-5
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
.0600
Aug 10-11
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
Aug 17-18
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
)
I
2
3
4
.5
6
7.34
7.41
7.51
7.53
7.49
7.36
7.33
7.33
7.35
7.31
7.44
7.53
7.54
7.47
7.32
7.30
7.32
7.32
7.39
7.58
7.71
7.74
7.61
.7.44
7.39
7.38
7.42
7.46
7.56
7.78
7.82
7,76
7.56
7.47
7,49
7,47
7.80
7.91
8.09
8.14
8,18
7.90
7.82
7.79
7.84
7.36
7.47
7.52
7.54
7.50
7.38
7.35
7.36
7.37
7.34 ,7.42
7.46
7.61
7.51 7.72
7.50
7.65
7.46
7.57
7.34 7.45
7.34 7.43
7.32 7.42
7.32 7.41
7.49
7.62
7.82
7,81
7.69
7.54
7.50
7.47
7.48
7,84
7.97
8.16
8,17
8.14
7,89
7.86
7.82
7.79
7.35
7.45
7.52
7.62
7.56
7.40
7.35
7.35
7.36
7.34 7.44
7.48 7.62
7.54 .7.76
7,78
7.57
7.49 7,63
7.45
7.36
7.34 7.46
7.32 7.43
7.34 7.43
7.46
7.62
7.83
7.89
7.82
7.60
7.51
7.48
7.49
7.82
7.97
8.08
8.22
8.34
8.38
8.36
8.17
7.37
7.48
7.52
7.65
7.62
7.44
7.42
7.36
7.47
7.52
7.59
7.53
7.38
7.34
7.51
7.62
7.82
7.91
7 .86
7.63
7.52
7,45
.7,61
7.75
7.78
7.67
7.50
7.42
8,31
8.13
7.93
7.84
7.82
7.88
7,86
8.07
8.14
8.21
8.26
7.98
7.85
8:07
8.12
8.29
8.25
8.25
8.10
8.03
8.03
8,10
8,10
8.18
8.27
8.32
8.30
8.12
8.11
8.06
9.02
8.21
8.10
8.06
8,13
8.06
8.24
8.24
8.32
8.38
8.19
8.09
=■62=
.v
Table VII.
Continued
TIME
Date
Aug 24-25
STAT I O N
Hour
7.82
7.82
8.05
8.04
0600
0900
7.40
7.53
7.55
7.62
7.53
7.47
7.37
*
7.46
7.31
7.50
7.55
7.59
7.51
7.38
7.34
7.49
7.62
7.83
7.89
7.83
7.56
7.50
.*
7.52
7.82
7,96
8.13
8.29
8.04
8.16
8.26
8.36
8.36
7.42
7.44
7.65
7.75
7.77
7.64
7.47
7.44
.*
7.48
7.46
7.51
7.57
7.71
7.69
7.49
7.46
*
7.43
7.44
7.51
7.59
7.62
7.60
7.43
7.40
.*
7.40
7.53
7.61
7.78
7.80
7.73
7.55
7.53
*
7.50
7.65
7.94
7.64 . 7.98
7.83 8.07
7.91 8.22
7.89 8.19
7.66
7.99
7.61 7.88
7.54
7.90
8.11
7.38 7.36
7.49
7.47
7.61 7.58
7.68 7.59
7.67 . 7.59
7.54 7.50
7.42 7.44
*
. *
7.43 7.40
7.46
7.57
7.72
7.75
7.70
7.59
7.53
7.83
7.95
8.05
8.18
8.06
8.17
8.23
8.30
8.31
8.15
7.48
7.51
7.62
7.76
7.87
7,83
7.67
7.60
*
7.51
7.47
7.55
7.70
7.67
7.52
7.55
7.72
7.76
2400
0300
0600
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
0600
0900
1200
1500
)
7.43
7.56
7.60
. 7.55
7.40
7.49
7.59
7.56
’
*
■*
7.94
7.80
.V c
in
2100
8.22
CO
0600
0900
1500
1800
)
6
7.50
7.51
1200
)
5
7.42
7.43
2400
0300
0600
)
4
7.33
7.33
2100
Sept 15-16,
3
7.38
7.39
1500
1800
Sept 8-9
2
0300
0600
1200
Sept 1-2
I
•*
8.12
7.96
7.90
8.12
8.03
*
8.06
8,12
8.18
8.21
8.35
8.36
8.26
8.09
*
8.10
*
.*
7,84
8.05
7.83
7.90
7.91
8.07
8.07
8.15
8.14
8.28
“63Continued
TIME
Date
Hour
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
Sept 22-23
0600
0900.
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
Oct 2-3
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
Oct 9-10
5
7.55
7.50
7.67
7.58
7.94
7.90
AA
AA
AA
AA
AA
AA
AA
AA
AA
**
A*
AA
AA
.AA
AA
8.10
8.. 10
7.36
7.42
7.46
7.46
7.43
7.43
7.32
7.41
7.40
7.35
7.42
7.46
7.46
7.43
7.42
7.41
7,40
7.39
7.43
7.52
7.58
7.51
7.50
7,47
7.40
7.45
7.46
7.49
7.59
7.64
7.54
7.65
7.58
7.49
7.55
7.51
7.78
7.85
7.94
7.98
7.92
7.83
7.77
7.86
7.81
7.98
8.06
8.13
8.19
8.04
8.04
8.03
8.05
7.44
7.49
7.51
7.57
7.53
7.46
7.39
7.38
7.43
7.49
7.46
7.42
7.38
7.34
7.50 7.58
7.57 .7.61
7.68 7.74
7.67 7.80
7.56 7.69
7.51 7.59
7,50 7.55
7.89
7,94
8.06
8.08
8.09
7,91
7.87
8.09
8.14
8.23
8.26
8.27
A
A
8.11
8.07
*
8 08
7.90
7.90
8.09
8.08
8.11
7.55
2400
0300
0600
7.43
• 7.46
7.52
7,59
7.56
■ 7.49
7.43
7.42
7.40
7,38
7.41
7.47
7.50
7.45
7.36
7.36
7.34
7.33
7.51
7.53
7.66
7.63
7.60
7.49
7.47
7.49
7,47
7.58
7.58
7.69
7.78
7.72
7.56
7.54
7.56
7,53
7.85
7.88
-7.87
7,86
0600
7.44
7.39
7.51
7.56
2100
8.02
A
7.49
1500
1800
**
.* *
■;A
7.35
0600
0900
6
7.48
7.47
7.47
7.49
**
7.39
1200
Oct 16-17
STATION
3
4
OO
OO
2400
0300
0600
I
2
OO
■'J
Table VII.
8.02
;,
8.09
8.13
8.26
8.19
8.07
8.02
8.09
8.06
8.08
”6 4 “
Table VII.
Continued
TIME
Date
7.43
7.46
7.51
7.54
7.50
7.46
*
*
7.41
*
*
*
*
8..14
8.22
7.95
8.06
8.09
8.04
7.93
8.25
8.23
8.15
*
*
*
7.52
7.57
7.88
7.38
7.42
7.45
7 i45
7.42
7.39
*
7.47
7.54
,7.65
7.66
7.56
7.56
*
*
7.53
7.53
7.57
7,71
7.77
7 .68
7.57
7.85
7.93
*
7.58
*
7.91
7.36
7.40
7,47
7.45
7.40
7.38
7.49
7.57
7.68
7.65
7.61
7.51
7.55
7.60
7.71
7.78
7.71
7.59
7.89
7.96
9.02
,8.08
8.16
8.10
8.02
8.26
*
*
*
7.37
*
*
7.50
*
*
*
7.58
8.09
8,05
8.14
8.00 .8.19
8.09
8.25
8.02
8.22
8.10
7.91
*
*
*
7,93
*
*
O
i— I
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
*
7.59
7.74
7.80
7.73
7.60
OO
7.43
7.46
7.50
7.51
7.51
7.46
*
*
7.45
7.55
7.67
7.68
7.57
7.53
.6
5
(T i
OO
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
7.42
7.48
7.46
7.42
7.40
4
OO
CO
7.49
7.51
7.55
7.53
7.48
*
*
7.45
3
CO
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
CO
Oct 29-30
2
I
I''.
Oct 23-24
STAT I O N
Hour
8.21
8.22
8.12
*
.*
8.09
* Samples were not collected at this time because the
change in pH between succeeding periods was found to
be too small to be detected by the methods used.
.** Samples were not collected at this time because
excessive snow made the highway,impassable.
**** Samples Iosti
-65"
Table VIII.
Total a lkalinities at all stations during
twenty-four hour periods on weekly intervals
through the summer of 1965.
TIME
Date
May 15-16
Hour
1.60
.1,65
1,55
1.40
1.40
1.20
1*20
1.20
1,20
1800
2400
0600
1.30
1,20
1.10
1.25
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.25
.1.40
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.20
1.20
1.30
1.25
1.20 1.30
1.25
1.25
1.30 .1.30
0600
1.10
1.00
1.10
1,25
1.25
1.30
1,25
1.15
1.30
1.30
1.30
0600
1800
2400
0600
*
•k
•k
k
1.20
*
k
k
1.60
1.65
1.60
k
1.45
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.20
1.20
1,30
1,30
1.20
k
k
k
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.20
1.20
0.80
0.80
0.90
0.90
0.85
0.90
0.90
1.00
0.90
0.90
0.95
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.95
0.90
0.90
0,95
0.95
0.85
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.95
0.90
0600
1.10
0.90
0.90
0.95
0.90
1.00
1.00
1800
2400
0600
0.90
0.90
0.90
1.00
1200
0.90
0.85
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.95
0.90
0600
1.15
1.20
1200
1.10
1.25
1.20
1.20
1800
2400
0600
.1.20
1.15
1.20
1.20
1.20
.0600
1200
1800
2400
0600
June 18-19
1,60
1.60
1.60
6
1.40
1200
June 12-13
1.70
.1.65
1.55
5
1.50
1200
June 5-6
STATION
3
4
1.55
1.60
1.60
.1800
2400
0600
May 29-20
2
1.05
1.55
1.55
*
1.30
0600
.1200
May. 22-23
I
1.10
1.25
1.00
1.25
1.25'
1.15
1.00
0.95
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.90
0.90
0.90
2.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.20
1.25
1.25
1,20
1.20
1,20
1.20
1.25
1.25
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.20
-66“
Table V T X I .
Continued
TIME
Date
Hour
June 23-24
0600
1.20
1200
1.15
1.15
1800
2400
06,00
June 28-29
0600
1200
1800
2400
0600
July 9-10
1.20
1.20
1.40
1.35
1.35
0600
1.75
1200
1.65
1.85
0600
1200
1800
2400
0600
July 28-29
1.25
1800
2400
0600
.1800
2400
0600
July. 21-22
1.20
1.65
1.55
1.60
1.65
1.65
0600
1200
July 14-15
I
0600
1200
1800
2400
0600
1.75
1.75
1,80
1.80
1.90
1.80
1,80
1.90
1.80
1.90
2
STATION
3
4
5
6
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.30
1.15
1.25
1.30
1.25
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.15
1.30
1.30
1.25
1.30
1.15
1.25
1.30
1,35
1.20
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40
1.40
1,45
,1.45
1.25
1.25
1.40
1.40
1.50
1.50
1.25
1.30
1.40
1.45
1.45
1.25
1.30
1.75
1.65
1.70
1.55
1.55
1,65
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.50
1.60
1.65
1.70
1.40
1,45
1.45
1.65
1.65
1.70
1.70
1.65
1.70
1.65
1.70
1.60
1.65
1.65
1.75
2.15
1.70
1.75
1.90
1.85
1.90
1.85
1.80
1.90
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.80
1.80
1.70
1.75
1.80
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85 ,1.85
1.80
1,85
.1.90
1.75
1.85
1.85
1.80
1,90
1.80
1.90
1.85
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.90
1.90
1,90
1.85
1.85
1,90
1.90
2.00
1.95
2,00
2.00
1.90
1.95
1.70
1.65
1.85
1.85
1,80
1.90
1.90
1.90
1.90
1.90
1.90
1,90
1.90
1,90
1,90
1,90
1.80
1.90
1.95
1.85
.1,90
2,00
2.00
2.00
1.95
2.00
2,05
1.95
1,90
1.95
2.00
1.90
-67“
Table VIII.
Continued
TIME
Date
Aug 4-5.
Aug 10-11
STATION
Hour
0600
1.50
1.90
2.00
1800
2400
0600
2.00
2.05
2.05
2.05
2.05
2.05
0600
2.00
2.05
2.00
2.10
2.00
2.00
1800
2400
0600
0600
1200
Aug 24-25
Sept 1-2
2.15
2.05
2.00
2,05
2.05
2.05
2.05
2.10
2,05
2.10
2.05
2.10
2.10
2.00
2.00
2.10
2,00
2.05
2.05
2.10
2.10
2.05
2.15
2.05
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.15
2.10
2.05
2.05
1200
1.95
2.00
1800
2400
0600
1.95
1.95
2.05
2.00
2.10
2.05
2.10
2.05
2.10
2.05
0600
2.05
•2.10
1200
2.00
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
1800
2400
0600
0600
2.10
2.00
2.00
2.10
2.00
2.10
2.10
2.05
2.15
2.05
2.05
1.90
2.00
2,00
2,05
2,10
2.00
2.00
2.10
2.05
2.05
2.05
2.10
2.10
2.05
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.00
2.10
2.05'
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.15
2.10
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.05
2.10
2.05
2.10
2.05
2,00
2.05
2.05
2,05
2,00
2, 10
2,10
2.00
2.00
2.10
2,00
2.10
2,10
2.05
2.05
2.05
2.05
2.10
2,10
2.10
2.00
2.05
2.15
2.05
2.10
2.05
2.10
2,10
2,00
2.05
2.05
2.00
2.00
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
1.90
2.10
2.00
1.90
2.10
2.05
2.00
2,00
2.00
2.05
2.05
2.05
6
2.00
2.05
2.05
,5
2.05
0600
0600
2.05
2.15
2.10
4
1.80
2.00
1.80
2.10
2.05
1200
Sept 15-16
2.00
2.00
1.75
3
.1800
2400
0600
1800
2400
0600
Sept 8-9
2
1200
1200
Aug 17-18
I
2.00
1,95
2.10
2.15
2.00
-68”
Table VIIIo
Continued
TIME
STAT I O N
Hour
1800
2.00
1,80
2400
**
0600
* *
1200
Sept 22-23
Oqt 2-3
Oct 9-10
■
0600
1200
0600
1200
**
**
**
2.05
2.00
2.05
1.95
2.00
2.05
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.05
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2,00
2.00
2.00
2.05
2.00
2.00
2.10
2.10
2,20
2.10
2..10
2.10
2.10
2.05
2,05
2.00
2.10
2.10
2.00
.2.05
2.05
2.10
2.10
2,10
2.15
2.05
2.05
2.05
2.05
2.05
2.00
2.05
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.10
2.20
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.05
2.10
2.10
2,10
2.00
2.10
1.95
*
2.00
2.05 ' 2.00
2.00 2.00
2.00 2.00
2.15
*
2.05
* *
*
*
2.05
*
*
2.15
2.00
2.10
2.15
2.20
2.05
2.10
2 .10. 2.15
2.00 2.10
2.05 2.15
2.10
2.10
2.15
2.15
2.10
2.10
2,10
2.10
2.15
*
*
2.00
2.10
2.10
2.10
*
*
#
■*
2.00
2.20
2.10
O
*
*
NS
2.10
2.10
0600
2.05
1200
2.05
1800
2.05
2.10
2.20
2.20
2,20
2.20
2.20
2.20
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
2400
*
*
*
0600
2.10
2.20
2.15
2,10
2.20
0600
2.10
2,10
2.30
2.10
2.20
2,10
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.20
2.10
1200
*
2.20
O
H
Oct 29-30
**
2.00
CM
.1800
.2400
0600
Oet 23-24
* *
'
O
i— I
Oct 16-17
2.00
2.00
CM
1800
2400
0600
2.00
* *
2.10
2.00
1200
2.00
1.95
6
5
* *
1800
2400
0600
1800
2400
0600
4 .
2.05
2.00
1.90
0600
3
2.05
1.90
1200
0600
2
I
h-1
Date
-69-
Table VIII.
Continued
TIME
. Date
Hour
1800
2400
0600
I
2.20
**
2.10
2
STATION
3
4
2.20
2.10
*
*
2.15
2.20
2.20
5
2.10
Vf
2.10
6
2.20
*
2.15
* Alkalinity not determined at this sample period,
** Samples were nqt colle cted at this time because
excessive snow.made the highway impassable.
2,10
70“
Table IX.
Concentration of COg (moIes/m3) at all sta~
tions during twenty-four periods on weekly
intervals through the summer of 1965.
TIME
Date
May 15-16
Hour
.249
1200
.183
1500
1800
.173
.173
.187
. ,204
.204
.237
2400
03.00
0600
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
May 29-20
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
June 5-6
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
)
.228
' 0600
0900
2100
May 22t 23
I
2
.264
.274
.173
.187
.190
.216
.219
.219
.244
.189
.183
.168
.168
.168
.183
.175
.183
.171
,175
.162
.156
.153
.148
.145
.167
.171
.171
.177
.162
.193
,167
.188
.170
.178
,168
.157
.168
.171
.186
.183
.179
.171
.148
.148
.143
,153
.177
.177
.167
.173
.197
.179
.167
,178
STATION
3
■4
.264
.249
.166
.168
.163
.209
.212
.212
.223
.171
.161
.138
.148
.161
.183
.168
.163
.161
.228
.228
.152
.146
.173
.197
.197
.197
.216
.171
.157
.137
.137
.146
.168
.168
.163
.157
.156
.138
.131
.131
.138
.164
.153
.131
.124
.119
.124
.164
.162
.167
.162
.159
.167
.188
.152
.166
.152
.173
.154
.152
.136
.152
.163
.153
5
6
.159
.152
.108
.098
.118
.142
.139
.149
.157
.107
.108
.120
.092
.109
.096
,092
.099
.117
.113
,119
.118
.082
.076
.117
.113
.078
.069
.076
.093
,099
.072
.073
.086
.086
.094
.091
.106
.068
.093
.061
.061
.058
.056
.074
.083
.,085
.080
.080
,103
.118
.113
.122
.128
.116
.082
.087
.098
.096
.091
.084
.077
.101
.076
.112
•
:j
'i
)
)
-71Table
IX.
Continued
TIME
Date
STATION
Hour .
2100
2400
0300
0600
June 12-13
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
June 18-19
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
.208
.208
.204
.204
.212
.208
.201
,201
.217
.173
.158
.167
.197
.217
.193
.208
.217
.217
.239
.197
.194
.197
.222
.233
.177
.169
.177
.197
.193
.208
.208
,217
.244
.208
.204
.204
2400
0300
0600
.244
.244
.255
.249
.262
0600
0900
.299
.294
.208
.197
.213
.204
.233
,255
1200
1500
1800
.208
.201
.208
2400
0300
0600
.221
,239
.239
.262
.267
0600
0900
.223
,232
2100
June 28-29
2
.217
.255
.255
2100
June 23-24
I
3
.182
.189
.189
.189
.182
.186
.189
.186
.204
.164
.152
.161
.179
.186
.201
.167
.201
.201
.201
.213
.183
.177
.177
.187
.221
.229
.221
.234
.249
.179
.164
.177
,187
.272
.221
.238
.225
.239
.241
.228
.212
.201
.239
4
.139
.144
.167
.177
, 197
.201
,201
.204
.179
.173
.158
.171
.204
.224
.224
,224
.254
.179
.158
.156
.173
.208
.221
.222
.239
.212
.193
5
.126
6'
.142
.087
.098
.108
.137
.102
.142
.117
.104
.098
.109
.119
.136
..142
.142
.104
.087
.081
.076
.081
Vr***
.098
.142
.122
.177
.133
.108
.098
.102
.125
.144
.149
.149
,158
.119
.099
.089
.108
.139
.149
, 144
.149
.142
.137
.101
.109
.086
.078
.072
.072
.084
.098
.104
.106
.106
.078
.077
.067
.068
.091
.092
.100
.100
.096
.091
-72Table IX.
Continued„
TIME
Date
STATION
Hour
1200
1500
1800
2100
July 9-10
.224
.232
.203
.197
.219
.245
.258
.254
3
4
5
.157
,166
.174
.219
.144
.152
..157
.191
,237
.232
.237
.224
.216
.237
.217
.178
.157
.154
,175
.213
,181
.144
.138
.154
.133
6
.086
.092
,089
,061
.071
.121
.077
.092
.096
.096
0600
0900
.253
.228
1200
.206
1500
1800
.196
.236
.244
.279
.257
.196
.228
.262
.284
.228
.252
.279
,241
.191
.232
.228
.271
.289
,257
.244
.322
.274
.220
.200
.242
.292
,339
.257
.274
.199
.171
.151
.183
,263
.197
.151
.133
.146
.131
.068
.114 . ,063
.042
.068
,064
.039
.032
.061
.257
.293
.207
.108
.064
.257
.078
.293
.274
.274
.133
.146
, 141
.101
.097
.043
„054
.052
.081
,053
.074
.122
.036
.076
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
.237
.264
.269
.253
,217
,203
.212
.224
.242
,338
2400
0300
0600
.330
.348
.329
.357
.359
.357
0600
0900
.217
,228
.217
.164
.217
.171
,212
,242
. . 314
.224
.247
.348
.392
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
.357
.379
,339
.420
,368
.293
,198
.171
.123
,176
.193
.189
.279
.221
.268
.287
.268
.314
,339
,300
,164
.106
.148
.156
.142
.147
.062
.245
2400
0300
0600
July.21-22
.206
.207
2
2400
0300
0600
2100
July 14-15
I
.144
.086
.086
.066
.061
,072
,046
,082
,112
.043
.071
.141
.138
.147
.089
.093
.094
.111
.088
.089
.005
.151 .„097
.164
.106
.148
.092
- 73-
Table IXo
Continued
TIME
Date
Hour
July 28-29
0600
0900
.£54
.263
.228
.203
0900
1200
.209
0194
.188
.200
.245
.258
.254
.249
.213
.197
.200
,218
,263
.168
,143
.158
.179
.217
.166
.125
.267
.273
.273
.224
.228
.237
.246
.193
.207
,158
.124
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
)
)
STATION
4
5
0600
210.0
Aug 17-18
3
2400
0300.
0600
1500
1800
Aug 10-11
2
.262
.231
.196
.189
.202
.252
.267
,267
.262
1200
*Aug 4-5
I
.242
.203
.182
0156
.171
.277
.239
.212
.121
.069
,218
.189
.187
.207
.174
.141
.181
.127
.117
.129
.098
.067
.058
.051
,062
.027
.037
.180
.207
.202
.101
.208
.112
,122
.099
.272
.282
.272
.272
.176
.168
.191
.226
.242
.242
.237
.237
.246
.233
.194
.182
.148
,237
2100
.156
.207
2400
.214
6
.254
.246
,138
.167
.218
.239
.243
.226
.121
.153
.203
.200
.211
.211
,203
.158
.127
,149
.187
.200
.209
.207
.200
.156
,111
.099
.112
.161
.184
.194
.191
.184
.182
.163
.127
.156
.113
.121
.096
.179
.144
.229
0246
.188
.105
.153
.214
, 182.
.197
.116
.088
.062
.064
.066
.113
.118
.125
.131
.113
.086
.039
.021
.057
.092
„021
,065
,077
„077
„065
„074
.057
„036
.023
.028
.069
,072
,082
.089
.067
.042
.013
.002
,009
.049
.109
.113
'.101
.063
,106
.068
„054
„070
.069
„057
.042
,033
,037
.035
,018
.004
,084
.107
.046
„064
- 74 “
Table
IX.
Continued
TIME
Date
Aug 24-25
STATION
Hour
0300
0600
,229
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
Sept 1-2
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
Sept 8-9
.237
,191
..184
.166
,191
.209
.278
.221
.200
.158
.137
.133
.161
.249
.263
*
,213
*
.226
,200
.184
.168
.135
.139
.191
0600
0900
.245
.203
.168
.152
.154
.188
2100
*
,213
.184
.173
.197
.246
.228
.207
.184
.163
.156
.161
.211
.222
*
.228
.253
.210
.177
,174
.173
.200
.221
2400
0300
0600
.228
.224
*
.237
0600
0900
.222
.234
.181
.1,69
.183
,202
1200
1500
3
.214
.200
1500
1800
2
.250
.250
2400
0300
0600
1200
Sept 15^16
I
*
.172
.179
.211
,209
.221
4
5
6
.188
.184
.113
.113
.072
.073
.203
.166
.125
,086
.101
,061
.068
.031
.047
.104
.128
*
,048
.123
,113
.123
,182
,200
*
.209
*
.194
.179
.158
.148
,151
.121
.111
.117
.131
.173
.179
*
,207
.096
.099
.141
.158
*
.194
,213
.179
.143
.137
.147
.173
.191
*
.207
.208
.183
.143
.151
.012
.012
,069
.088
*
.120
,082
.191
.089
.068
.039
.059
.047
.042
,046
.082
.101
.009
.012
.032
*
.064
■*
.120
.082
.197
.166
.136
,117
.123
.154
.171
*
.197
.123
.082
.101
.084
.059
.046
.057
,028
.069
.026
.101
.112
.068
.192
.183
.138
.129
*
.074
*
.122
,089
.112
.100
,098
.069
.056
.058
.069
.029
-75Table IX.
Continued
TIME
Date
Sept 22-23
STATION
Hour
.183
**
**
**
.151
.174
**
**
**
i 224
.203
,132
.194
.177
.197
,224 . .200
.174
.161
.119
,104
.069
.097
.054
.108
.086
.123 . .086
.138
.088
.118
.084
.128
.089
.202
2400
0300
0600
**
**
**
.204
.208
**
**
**
06,00
0900
,254
.228
.258
.228
1200
.213
.217
.224
.224
.272
.213
.217
.232
.237
.228
.232
.237
.241
.229
.211
1500
1800
.207
.191
.184
.166
.179
2100
: ,200
.229
.246
0600
0900
1200
2400
0300 .
0600
.226
0600
0900
1200
.191
.201
.214
*
*
.226
.242
.211
.200
.182
.229
.218
0300
0600
,214
.222
.197
.188
.203
.237
.237
,246
.250
0600
207
.226
1500
1800
2100
2400
Oct 16-17
4
.208
2400
0300
0600
.163
.171
.191
.211
6
,3
1800
2100
Oct 9"10
2
2100
1500
1800
Oct 2-3
I
.198
.209
.237
.187
.158
.176
.203
.189
.217
.213 . .197
.188
.168
.142
.144
.171
.184
.188
*
.191
.166
.184
.179
.147
.153
.161
.191
.197
.191
.197
.166
■.166
.184
.158
.128
.117
.139
.163
.173
*
.173
.139
.121
.133
.171
.176
.171
.178
.171
■5
.092
.100
**
**
**
.099
.091
.068
.067
.064
.098
.103
*
.103
.098
.098
,064
.067
.070
.070
**
**
**
.097
.082
.064
.055
.039
.032
.029
.061
.068
*
.067
.061
.064
.077
,057
.031
.046
.107
,068
.101
.103
.104
.077
.064
.069
101
.067
= 76 =
Table IX.
Continued
TIME
Date
.191
1200
.189
1500
1800
.176
.179
2100
.193
2400
0300
0600
*
*
.203
0600
0900
.211
.200
,188
2
,214
.193
3
,229
.176
.144
.142
.168
.179
*
*
.182
.229
.197
.176
.168
.135
.200
.214
.223
*
*
1500
1800
.184
.184
.214
.203
.203
,214
2100
.200
.226
2400
0300
0600
*
*
*
.203
.229
.179
0600
0900
.211
.200
.237
1200
.184
.176
.191
.168
.142
.148
.158
.184
*
*
.188
1500
1800
4
■* ,
.222
.197
.203
2100
.188
.200
.222
,229
2400
0300
0600
*
*
.218
*
*
.233
,148
.146
.171
.171
*
*
.5
.163
.128
.117
.131
,161
*
.089
.069
.064
.073
.092
*
*
*
6
.055
.039
.033
.037
.053
*
*
.064
CO
0900
1200
Oct 29-30
I
kO'
1
—I
e
Oct 23-24
STAT I O N
Hour
.101
.179
.107
.092
.081
,064
.077
.096
.072
.055
*
*
*
.122
.142
.168
.*
*
.166
.173
.161
,135
.121
.136
.163
ic
*
.166
.*
.091
.099
.087
.077
.063
.077
.092
*
*
.099
.046
.033
.039
.063
.063
.062
.052
.042
.032
.039
.059
*
*
.064
* Samples were not collected at this time because change
in C 02 concentration between succeeding periods was
found to be too small to be detected by the methods
used.
** "Samples were not collected at this time because
excessive snow made the highway impassable.
T able IX.
Continued
**** Sample Ipst.
”78”
Table X 0
Flow times (minutes) between stations on sam­
pling dates,
STATIONS
3-4
1-2
2-3
May 15-16
71.0
54.0
98.0
110.0
85.0
May 22-23
61.0
52.0
86.0
99.0
77.0
May 29-30
62.0
52.0
82.5
100.0
78.0
June 5-6
56.0
51.0
78.5
90.5
72.0
June 12-13
58.0
51.5
81.0
92.5
73.0
June 18-19
63.0
52.0
89.0
103.0
79.0
June 23-24
65.5
53.0
92.0
104.0
81.0
June 28-29
70.0
54,0
97.0
109.0
84.0
July 9-10
85.0
59.0
111.0
123.0
96.0
July 14-15
95.0
63.0
122.0
133.0
104.0
July 21-22
97.0
64.5
124.0
134.0
106.0
July 28-29
100.0
66.0
127.5
137.0
108.5
Aug 4-5
105.0
68.0 . 133.0 .141.5
113.0
Aug 10-11
108.5
70.0
137.0
144.0
115.5
Aug 17-18
108.5
70.0
137.0
144.0
115.5
Aug 24-?25
104.0
68.0
132.0
141.0
112.0
Sept 1-2
. 111.0
71.0
140.0
146.0
117,0
Sept 8-9
105.0
68.0
133,0
141.5
113.0
Date
4-5
5-6
“79T able X.
Continued
Date
1-2
2-3
Sept 15-16
94.0
63.0
Sept 22-23
103.0
Oct 2 1
-3
Oct 9^10
STATIONS
3-4
4-5
5-6
121.0
132.0
103.5
67.0
: 131.0
140.0
110.0
108.5
70.0
137.0
144,0
115.5
111.0
71.0
140.0
146.0
117,0
Oct 16-17
. 110.0
70.0
138.5 .145,0
116.0
Oet 23-24
■ 111.0
71.0
140.0
146.0
117.0
Oct 29-30
113,0
72.0
142.5
148.0
119.5
~ 80
Table XI.
Average depth (centimeters),between stations on
sampling dates
Date
I
1-2
STATIONS
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
May 15-16
109.6
95.6
151.5
70.1
52.7
May 22-23
121.8
112.7
171.4
79.9
60.7
May 29-30
119.4
110.6
168,9
77.4
59.7
June 5-6
134.7 :
134.0
196.0
92.6
70.8
Jpne 12-13
130.1
126.8
187,8
87.9
67,4
June 18-19
117.6
107.7
165.6
75.5
-58,4
June 23-24
114.8
103.6
160.6
72.8
56.4
June 28-29
110.6
97.1
153.2
68.7
. 53.4
July 9-10
100.8
82.2
135.9
59.1
43,3
July 14-15
95.2
73.6
126.0
52.6
42.3
July 21-22
94.2
72.3
124.4
52.7
41.6
July 28-29
92.8
70.0
121.9
51.3
40.6
Aug 4^5
90.6
66.6
117.8
49.1
39.0
Aug 10-11
89.2
64.5
115.4
47.7
38.0
Aug 17-18
89.2
64.5
115.4
47.7
38.0
Aug 24-25
91.o'
67.4
118,6
49,5
39.3
Sept 1-2
88.2
63.1
113.9
46.8
37.3
Sept 8-9
90.6
66.6
117,9
49.1
39,0
-81Table XI.
.C o n t i n u e d
2-3
Sept 15-16
95.6
74.4
Sept 22,23
91,4
Oct 2-3
4-5
5-6
126.8
54.1
42.7
68,0
119.5
49.9
39.6
89.2
64.5
115.4
47.7
38.0
Oct 9-10
88.2
63,1
113.9
46,8
37.3
Oct 16-17
88.6
63.7
114.6
47.3
37.6
Oct 23-24
88.2
63,1
113.9
OO
1-2
<h
Date
STATIONS
3-4
37.3
Oet 29-30
87.3
61.6
112.3
45.9
36.6
“82-
Table XII.
Change in CO 2 concentration per unit volume
(moIes/m3) between all stations duping twentyfour hour periods on weekly intervals through
the summer of 1965.
TIME
Date
May 15™16
1-2
2-3
0600
0900
+ «040
-.005
-.046
-.036
-.056
1200
-.003
+ .016
-.006
-.021
-.020
-.018
-.011
1500
1800
-.074
-.044
-.052
-,099
-.052 . -.034
-.038
-.026
-.035
-.040
- .057
-.053
-.043
-.006
-,006
-.013
-.007
,-.006
-.015
-.016
-.002
-.019
-.003
-.057
-.055
-. 044
-. 142
-.038
-.054
-.052
- .045
-.031
-.013
-.017
-.017
-.005
-.006
.-.002
.-.011
-.013
-.055
-. 008
-.007
-.012
-.010
-. 017
1500
1800
-.002
-.010
-.009
-.oio
-.025
-.023
+ .015
2100
+.011
-.008
-.013
-.043
-. 042
-.039
-.032.
-.041
-.033
-.042
-.026
2400
0300
+ .003
- .046
-.041
- .036
0600
0900
-.005
-.003
-.051
-.034
-.030
1200
-.020
0.000
-.040
-. 048
-.038
- »038
- »054
-. 049
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
0900
1200
June 5-6
.027
5-6
+ .023
+ .003
-.015
-.004
2400
0300
May 29-30
-.008
4-5
-.018
- 0007
-.004
2100
May 22-23
STATIONS
3-4
Hour
1500
1800
2100
2400
+
+ 0020
+ .015
+
,025
-.017
-.019
-.008
+ ,001
+. 008
+ .002
+ .007
-.007
-.013
-.001 . -.004
+. 008
-.004
-,005
-.001
-.002
-. 008
-.003
0.000
-.018
-.008
-. 006
-.013
-. 008
-.023
+ .001
-.012
-. 008
-.003
-.015
-.020
-.010
+ .002
-, 047
-.039
-.041
-.029
-.022
-.020
-.022
- .031
-.024
-.026
-.017
-,030
-.030
-.091
-.021
-.035
-.031
"
Table XII,
83
“
Continued
TIME
i
5-6
-.012
-.001
-.050
-.036
0600
-.013
+. 002
-.023
-.017
-.016
-.014
-.009
-.012
-.072
-.057
-.038
-.040
-.053
-.050
-. 058
-.058
-.044
-.032
-.024
-.020
-.036
-.029
-.037
-.038
-.073
- .065
-.071
-. 058
-.057
-. 018
-. 040
+ .014
+ .016
-.011
-,001
-.023
2100
+ .004
-.003
-. 007
+ ,003
- ,002
2400
0300
0.000
-.007
-.007
-.003
0.000
- .038
-.026
-.021
0600
0900
-.007
-.007
2400
0300
+ .010
+, 010
+ .012
+ .009
+ .022
+ .009
+ .009
0600
-.034
-.061
0900
1200
-.004
+. 002
+. 002
-.033
1200
1500
1800
2100
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
June 28-29
4-5
-.011
1500
1800
June 23-24
STATIONS
3-4
0300
0900
1200
June 18-19
1-2
CO
June 12-13
Hour .
CM
Date
-.008
+. 002
+ .011
-.011
0600
0900
+ .013
1200
.-.005
1500
1800
-.002
2100
2400
0300
-,010
+, 004
+ .018
+ .012
+ .022
-.026
-.025
-.021
-. 007
-.011
-.013
-.001
-.032
-.026
-.026
-.034
-.007
-.005
+ .004
-.069
-.077
-.076
- .044
-»116
-.071
- .065
-.062
-. 007
-.029
-.010
-.007
-.011
0.000
-,006
-.020
-.010
-. 017
+ .004
-.032
-.033
-. 099
-.038
-.029
-.018
-.031
-.028
-.025
-.030
-.035
-.009
-,022
-.033
-. 021
-.012
0.000
-.010
-.022
-.020
-.015
-.005
-,057
-.05,1
-.068
-.078
-.076
-.076
- .074
- .067
-.062
-.051
-.057
-. 080
-.071
-.044
- .041
-.026
-.022
-.042
-.047
-.049
- .044
-. 048
».050
-,032
-.025
-.021
-.037
-. 048
-.051
-
=84“
T able X T I .
Continued
TIME
STATIONS
,Date
Hour
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
July 9-10
0600
0900
-.047
-.023
-.019
2400
0300
-.016
-.017
-.006
+. 014
+ .007
+ .028
+ .003
+ .027
-.094
-. 087
-.067
-.060
-.052
-.061
-.093
-.083
-.056
-.048
-.032
-.027
-.024
-.033
-.051
-.045
0600
0900
-.018
-.043
1200
-.002
1500
1800
+ .033
+. 045
+ .057
+ .028
+ .010
-.143
-.121
-.087
-.071
-.053
- .080
-.116
-.132
.066
064
-.028
^ ,029
'•■b 013
-.036
-.050
-.058
-.090
- . 105 .
-.040
-.073
-.050
-.090
-.110
-.135
-.050
-.068
-.012
-.037
-.018
-.050
-.053
r .063
1200
1500
1800
2100
July 14-15
2100
2400
0300
July 21-22.
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
+ o007
-.018
+ .032
+.023
+ .036
+. 055
+ .047
+. 006
-.046
-.046
T .036
-.036
- .036
-.034
-.033
-.079
- .065
-.046
- ,066
-.043
-.073
-,065
-, 066
-.016
-.006
+ .001
-.013
-. 022
-.004
-. 048
-.036
-.032
-.010
0.000
-.016
-.026
-,019
-.041
-.025
-.045
+ .010
-.022
-.027
+ .005
-!.056
-.030
-.070
-.083
-,035
-. 040
-. 048
-.032
-.047
-
-.
I
July 28-29
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
-.014
-.028
-. 008
•+.008
+ .038
+ .026
+ .009
+. 005
-.059
-.055
—■.049
-.040
-.026
-.046
-.030
-.021
-.013
-. 048
-.005
-.019
-.042
-.037
-.037
-.036
-.108
-.105
-.067
-.064
-.049
-.068
-.111
-, 097
-.056
- .054
-.034
-.030
-. 006
-.028
-.039
- .018
“85T able XII.
Continued
TIME
STATIONS
Date
Hour
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
Aug 4-5
0600
0900
-.053
-.053
-.049
- .036
-.027
-.043
-.041
-. 041
-. 048
-.033
-.017
-.015
-.005
-.097
- .098
- .062
-.061
-.050
- .056
-.055
-.033
-.020
-.018
-.018
-.069
-.077
-.042
2400
0300
-.015
-.005
+■.005'
+ .022
+ .041
+ .021
+ .012
+ .019
-. 080
-.039
0600
0900
- .024
-.019
-.055
-. 047
-.052
-.036
- .020
-.035
-. 042
-.037
-.034
-.106
-.106
-.086
-.051
.-.030
-.056
-.060
-.043
-.012
-.039
1200
1500
1800
2100
Aug 10-11
1200
-.010
1500
1800
2400
0300
+ .025
+ .044
+. 016
+,099
+ .008
0600
0900
-.019
-■.005
-.050
-.049
1200
-.010
-,057
1500
1800
-.033
-.019
2400
0300
+ .025
+. 050
+ .032
+ .034
+ .021
0600
0900
-.017
-. 005
-,077
-,039
1200
-.006
+ .021
-. 048
-.030
+ .032
+ .047
+ .004
*
-.022
-.033
2100
Aug 17-18
2100
Aug 24-25
1500
1800
2100
.2400
0300
-.032
-.031
-.037
-.043.
*
-.022
- ,0.12
-.006
-.025
-.008
-.033
-.026
-.018
-.007
-.014
-.028
-.029
- o044
-.023
-. 021
-.012
0.000
-.014
-.023
*
-.037
-.016
-.041
-.061
-.033
-.015
-.025
-.035
-.072
-.090
-.043
-.052
-.107
-.099
-.068
-.064
-.056
-. 032
-.036
-.006
- o05 2
-. 070
-.027
-.075
-. 040
-.093
-.090
-.052
-.083
-.070
-.029
-.033
-.038
-. 048
-.040
-.019
-.037
-.006
-.060
.-,024
-, 041
-,075
*
1<
= 86T able XII.
Continued
TIME
Date
Sept 1-2
STATIONS
Hour
1-2
2-3
3-4
4=5
5-6
0600
0900
-.0 0 6
-.0 3 5
-.040
-.0 4 3
-.0 3 4
-.017
-.035
-.041
-.029
-.039
-.022
-.019
-,005
-.017
-. 014
-.058
-.079
-.064
-.052
-.028
-.043
058
- .039
-. 046
-.043
-.029
-.024
-.028
- .038
-.051
-.043
-.037
-.0 3 4
-.0 1 8
-.0 2 1
-.0 2 8
-.036
- . 0,34
-.020
-.015
-.003
-.007
-. 010
-.090
-.078
-.072
-.051
. -.031
-. 044
-.055
-.053
-.050
-.048
-.030
-.020
-.029
- ,034
*
*
*
-.034
-.032
-.0 2 7
-,016
-.0 1 6
**
**
**
-.021
-.031
-.010
-.006
- .017
-.088
- .085
-.058
-. 042
-.053
**
**
**
**
**
,* *
-. 044
-.0 3 9
-.029
-.0 1 9
-.0 2 1
-.0 1 0
041
-.029
0.000
-.030
-.030
-.015
-.043
-.023
-.081
- .066
-.062
-.082
-.039
-. 042
-.080
- o 064
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
Sept 8-9
-.015
1200
+ .008
+ .022
+ .033
+ .025
-.003
*
2100
2400
0300
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
Sept 22-23
-.0 0 9
+. 024
+ .048
+. 026
+. 022
0600
0900
1500
1800
Sept 15-16
-.012
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
-.011
-.0 0 5
+.003
+ .007
+ .012
-.001
**
**
**
-. 012
-. 008
+ .002
+ .004
+ .002
+ .006
-.037
+ .007
'
0.000
-.0 2 1
-.
049
-.043
-.052
-.015
-.022
-.
•**'
**
**
-. 044
.045
-.043
-.027
-.022
-.036
-.052
-.031
-
~87“
Table X T I .
Continued
TIME
S T A TIONS
Date
Hour
1-2
2-3
■ 3-4
Oct 2-3
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
+ .011
+. 00 8
+ .013
+. 043
+ .043
+. 040
+ .018
*
- .049
-.052
-.048
-. 047
-.037
-.039
-.057
*
-. 028
-.032
-,022
-.010
-.017
-.013
-.015
Oct 9-10
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
+ .012
+ .005
+ .010
+ .034
+ .050
+. 046
+ .031
+ .034
Oct 16-17
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
Oct 23-24
4-5
5-6
- „039
-.044
- „034
-.037
.-„019
-.032
-.035
it
-.074
-.085
-.061
-.052
.-.053
-.060
-.069
*
. -.047
-.051
-. 048
-.032
-.032
-.044
-.043
-.054
-.018
-.034
-.021
-.022
-.004
-.017
-.025
-.015
-.068
-.096
-.073
.-,046
.-.035
-.068
-. 074
- „068
-.035
-.038
-.023
-.026
-.019
-.033
-.031
-.036
+ .011
+ .010
+. 014
+. 0 34
+ .040
+ .032
*
*
-. 046
-.050
-.050
.- .048
-.043
-. 044
*
-.020
-.043
-.024
-.013
-.017
■-.016
+ .008
+. 008
+ .016
+ .026
+. 036
+ .027
1*
*
-. 041
-. 048
- „0.55
- „046
-. 042
-.054
*
-. 028
-.032
-.023
-.007
-.013
-.003
it
it
it
it
it
it
it
-. 082■
-.091
-.063
-. 046
- „045
- „066
it
-.043
044
.- .033
-. 029
-.027
-.038
it
it
it
it
it
it
- „086
-. 084
. -„067
- „046
-.053
-.074
-.048
-.042
-. 044
-.027
-.026
-.033
=8 8 “
Table XIIIo
Free CO2 (millimoles/m3) at all stations during
twenty-four hour periods on weekly intervals
through the summer of 1965,
.■•TIME
Date
Hour
-May ,15-16
I
2
0600
0900
170.8
192.2
205.0
1200
128 oI
121.7
121.7
132.4
149.5
149.5
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
May.22-23
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
May 29-30
0600
0900
1200
June 5-6
179.4
213.5
121.7
132.4
134.5
160.2
164.4
164.4
187.9
152.6 ,138.4
133.1
145.5
.133.1 124.2
133.1 133.1
,133.1 136,7
,145.5
149.1
138.4 145.5
145.5 .142.0
136.7
136.7
138.6
138.6
132.0
123.7
128.7 . 123.7
1500
1800
123.7
2100
145.2
2400
0300
0600
148.5
148.5
155.1
0600
0900
118.6
120.4
1200
98.4
111.0
1500
1800
100.9
106.0
118,8
128.7
155.1
155.1
145.2
151.8
STATIONS
3
4
205.0
192.2
113.2
115.3
5
6
170.8
170.8
100.4
96.1
121.7
140.9
140.9
140.9
160.2
98.2
64.1
104.6
66.2
136.7
127.8
106.5
115.4
127.8
145.5
133.1
136.7
88.7
124.2
104.7
104.7
79.9
67.4
62.1
53.2
129.6
127.8
129.6
83.4
88.7
124.2
87.0
132.0
128,7
103.9
79.2
67.6
46.2
97.4
61.1
56 „I
56.1
77.6
90.7
87.4
39.6
104.6
149.5
178.6
178.6
166.5
112.2
103.9
103.9
111.8
133.1
133.1
94.1
112.2
97.4
128.7
141.9
138.6
141.9
135.3
138.6
145.2' 145.2
U 8.6
*****
106.0
108.5
98.4
108.5
106.8
100.4
68.3
70.5
66.2
42.7
55.5
36.3
72.6
40.6
53.4
91.8
89.7
62.1
69.2
87.0
95.7
57.6
46.1
42.6
44.4
55.7
55,7
65.7
60.3
39.6
38.0
36.3
51.1
.59.4
57.8
62.7
47.9
44.2
88.3
71.9
61.8
59.3
75.7
49.2
88.3
51.7
36.6
36.6
88.3
103.5
90.9
94.6
85.8
97.1
41.6
-89T a b l e XIII.
Continued
TIMES
Date
Hour
I
2
2100
130.0
130.0
132.5
130.0
126.2
126.2
2400
0300
0600
June 12-13
133,2
102.6
93.3
2400
0300
0600
0600
0900
.154A
122.5
157.7
130,9
1200
120.8
120.8
134.2
110.7
105.7
105.7
114.1
140.9
144.3
2100
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
.0600
0600
0900
201,3
2400
0300
0600
0600
0900
146.3
152.0
1500
1800
2100
)
140.9
151.0
157.7
157.7
164.4
133.0
127.9
133.0
143.3
156.9
156.9
170.5
1.75.7
1200
June 28-29
116.1
116.1
116.1
139.9
111.9
106.6
111.9
127.9
125.2
164.4
137.2
143.9
1500
1800
June 23-24
121.1
110.0
.143.9
109.3
97.3
103.9
127.9
125.2
157.7
143.9
143.9
0600
0900
1200
June 18-rl9
,123.7
STATIONS
3
4
99.9
114.6
119.9
144.3
130.6
130.6
5
6
63.1
113.6
113.6
113.6
68.1
42.9
74.4
79.5
75.7
50,5
55.5
53,0
129.9
103.9
83.9
66.6
86.6
86 „6
57,3
53.3
.61.3
57.3
45.3
41.3
103.9
111.9
144,3
130.6
130.6
68.0
82.2
83.9
83,9
38.6
41.3
*****
52.0
54.6
57.3
151.0
129.2
109.1
104.0
92.3
100.7
129.2
144.3
144.3
144.3
197.8
133.0
124.5
163.7
110.9
167.3
110.9
93.8
98.9
93,8
52,9
56.3
39.2
39.2
136.4
131.3
153.5
167.1
160.3
179.1
92.1
107.4
116.0
105.7
143.3 133.0
153.5 .143.3
143.3
146.7
156.9
156.9
49.5
56.3
30.7
34.1
76.7
83.6
83.6
47.8
87.0
52.9
159.6
152.0
138.7
129.2
81.7
49.4
77.9
45.6
129.2
129.2
137,6
164.4
164.4
161.1
172.8
140.9
138.7
123.5
80.5
67.1
57.1
52.0
53.7
68.8
2.2
83.9
#
85.6
66.5
105.7
43.6
38.6
35.2
35.2
41.9
52.0
55.4
55.4
51.2
52.9
-90
Table XIII.
Continued
TIMES
Date
STATIONS
2
3
4
138.7
136.8
148.2
,155.8
167.2
159.6
182.4
138.7
125.4
146.3
167.2
178,6
174,7
186.2
110.2
100.7
87.4
93.1
119.7
148.2
142.5
159.6
177.2
151.9
133.5
124.3
161.1
168.0
202.5
179.5
193.3
177.2
142.7
131.2
124.3
151.9
184.1
207.1
202,5
194.3
164.0
1200
126.2
1500 . 113.6
1800
143.8
2100
176.6
2400
.196.8
0300
206,9
0600 ' 196.8
201,9
151.4
Hour
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
July 9-10
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
July 14-15
July 21-22
I
0600
0900
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
126.4
126.4
90.3
123.8
147.0
193.3
216.6
227.0
206.3
211.8
100.7
108.3
146.3
159.6
155.8
159.6
142,7
108.2
89.8
87.5
105.9
151.9
177.2
165.7
179.5
121.1
164.0
113.6
93.4
128.7
78.2
143.8
100.9
151.4
176.6
176.6
176.6
201.9
212.0
217.0
212.0
136.7
126.4
95.4
131,5
149.6
211,5
232.1
242.4
221,8
110,9
92,9
61.9
98.0
110.9
170.2
193.4
206.3
185.7
.5
58,9
39.9
45.6
45.6
64.6
79.8
85.5
83.6
32.3
138.1
110.5
80,6
76.0
87.5
124.3
156.5
151.9
168.0
71.3
55.2
-41.4
34.5
39.1
57.6
76.0
76.0
156,5
111.0
78.2
65.6
75.7
118.6
151.4
159.0
159.0
65.6
58.0
35.3
108.3
90.3
51.6
•79.9
85.1
128.9
162,5
175.4
162.5
6
78.3
32.8
30.3
53.0
65.6
75.7
73.2
49.0
46.4
25,8
38.7
36.1
61.9
79.9
90.3
79.9
28.5
36.1
45.6
49.4
49.4
41.4
32.2
29.9
23.0
23.0
34.5
41.4
46.0
41.4
35.3
32.8
25.2
22.7
22.7
32.8
37.8
.49,9
40.4
31.0
28.4
15.5
28.4
23.2
38.7
46.4
51.6
46.4
-91Table XIII.
Continued
TIME
STATIONS
Date
Hour
I
2
3
4
July 28-29
0600
0900
196.4
166.8
131.8
1500
1800
126.4
137.2
174.8
113.0
83.4
78.0
147.9
118..4
1200
104.9
75.3
2100
188.3
.201.8
209.8
156.0
126.4
123.7
145.2
207.1
215.2
207.1
207.1
156.0
2400
0300
0600
Aug
A ug
4-5
10-11
193.1
1200
1500
1800
132.4
126.9
138.0
2100
182.1
2400
0300
0600
198.7
0600
0900
149.0
193.1
187.6
201.4
151.7
135.2
138.0
151.7
201.4
201.4
212.5
177.5
161.4
165.5
107.6
85.5
99.3
118.7
157.3
162.8
165.5
37.7
32.3
21.5
32.3
29.6
24.2
21.5
118.4
145.2
137.2
145.2
53.8
64.6
35.0
40.3
40.3
35.0
140.7
104.9
63.5
46.9
30.3
69.9
64.6
66.2
69.0
91.1
126.9
138.0
149.0
146.2
171.1
208.5
165.7
108.5
80.0
157.1
108.5
1200
205.7
162.8
137.1
1500
1800
108.5
125.7
122.8
74.3
60.0
108.5
162.8
157.1
68.6
203.0
153.6 - 156.5
139.0
139.1
104.3 118.8
165.2
113.0
84.0
75.3
98.5
144.9
173.9
180.0
2400
■ 205.7
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
68.6
145.7
199.9
208.5
219.9
208.5
2100
0600
0900
151.4
131.4
205.7
199.9
197.0
110.1
136.2
■168.1
.173.9
191.3
211.5
-
168.5
168.5
6
67.3
53.8
35.0
212.4
0600
17-18
193.7
0600
0900
0300
-Aug
201.8
174.8
.5
114.2
139.9
151.4
145.7
69.9
61.9
30.3
33.1
57.9
60.7
66.2
24.8
22.1
22.1
33.1
35.9
38:6
71.7
4.1.4
68.6
40.0
48.6
28.6
20.0
28.6
22.8
34.3
17,1
20.0
51.4 . 31.4
65.7
68 „6
60.0
142.0
63.8
110.1
69.6
40.6
34.8
58.0
29.0
26.1
49.3
66.6
63.8
110.1
139,1
35.9
30.3
37.1
40.0
34.3
40.6
26.1
26.1
23.2
17.4
29.0
37.7
-92Table XIII.
Continued
TIME
,Date
Aug 24-25
S T A TIONS
Hour
I
2
3
4
0300
0600
191.3
188.4
217,3
217.3
173.9
171.0
144.9
142.0
0600
0900
179.1
133.6
127.9
108.0
133.6
.153.5
193.3
*
'156.3
221.7
142.1
127.9
116,5
139.3
187.6
207.5
*
170.5
164.9
102.3
145.0
108.0
157.9
140.6
123.4
166.5
140.6
117,7
89.0
109.1
71.8
94.7
146.4
157.9
*
169.3
114.8
169.3
180.8
'*
86.1
129.2
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
Sept 1-2
0600 .
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
Sept 15-16
0600
0900
1200
1500
59.7
68.2
40.6
43.5
68.2
42.6
51.2
34.1
31.3
22.7
28.4
25.6
19.9
19.9
34.1
*
150.7
125.1
142.1
*
136,4
51.2
71.1
42.6
*
*
65.4 . 39.8
134.9
111.9
103.3
106.2
51.7
34.4
48,8
31.6
74.6
68.9
5%.4
60.3
40.1
100.4
134.7
*
132.0
45.9
28.7
20.1
. 20.1
25.8
164.9
134.9
* .
143.5
199.0
187.6
.145.0 .153.5
119.4
110.9
93.8 116.5
96.6 116.5
142.1
130.7
164.9
170.5
*
*
179.1
167.7
156.3
122.2
88.1
82.4
161.2 ■172.1
120.2 139.3
109.3 112.0
120.2
122.9
147.5
122.9
87.4
91.0
116.5
133.6
*
150.7
92.9
139.3
108.0
79.6
62.5
68.2
96.6
113.7
*
139.3
131.1
122.9
84.7
76.5
28.7
28.7
60.3
*
57.4
68,2
51.2
39,8
31.3
34.1
51.2
56.8
*
65.4
65.6
. 54.6
59.6
38.2
37.3
*
CO
Sept 8-9
180.8
68.2
76.7
105.2
153.5
69.6
69.6
CO
2400
0300
0600
82.4
6
5
39,8
31.3
25.6
22.7
22.7
34.1
37.0
*
39.8
38.2
32:8
32.8
21.8
93Table XIII.
■C p n t i n u e d
TIME
Date
Sept 23-24
STATIONS
Hour
I
1800
147 o5
2100
139.3
2400
0300
0600
**
**
**
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
Oct 2-3
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
.0600
Oct 9-10
0600
0900
•kii
92,9
.5
35.5
35.5
kk
kk
kk
irk
irk
kk
irk
irk
kk
114.7
142.8
120.0
60.0
122.8
111:4
51.4
40.0
40.0
165.7
145.7
139.9
122.8
134.2
157.1
185.7
*
185.7
174.2
.162.4
141.8
188.5
168.5
145.7
157.1
171.4
188.5
208.5
*
205.7
186.1
0600
168.9
189.3
121.1
129.9
150.6
174.2
6
49.2
54.6
142.1
114.3
103.1
128.2
100.3
117.1
142.1
125.4
136.6
. 177,2
2100
itic
4
164.4,
195.1 200.7
167.2 167.2 133.8
153.3 153.3
117.1
153.3 153.3
136.6
.164.4 164.4 . 139.4
164.4 167.2
150.5
214.6
172.8 175.6
172.8
175.6
158.9
175.6 .181.2 153.3
2400
0300
0600
1500
1800
3
144.8
122.9
136.6
147.5
*/Y
irk
irk
** '
194.9
183.1
159.5
147.7
168.3
206.7
206.7
215.6
221.5
1200
Oct 16-17
,2
94.3
82.8
71.4
97.1
94.3
125.7
139.9
117.1
142.8 128.5
."k
*
145.7 .128.5
47.4
72.5
39.0
64.1
50,2
33.4
.47.4
27.9
53.0
-41.8
66.9
41.8
75.2 , 41.8
61.3
39.0
41.8
69.7
37.1
57.1
62.8
*
37.1
34.3
25.7
25.7
25.7
37.1
40.0
k
62.8
40.0
124.0
124.0
97,5
112.2
76.8
91.6
118.1
150.6
129.9
159.5 .139.5
150.2
130.0
159.5
138.8
59.1
59.1
38.4
41.3
44.3
38.4
38.4
128.1
.61.1
144.7
138.8
103.9
142.7
67.9
62.0
65.0
65.0
35.4
26.6
29.5
41,3
44.3
38.4
41.3
40.8
-94-
Table -XIII,
Continued
TIME
Date
Hour
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
Oct 23-24
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
Oct .29,30
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
STATIONS
3
4
5
6
148,5 .174.7
154.3
142,7
160.2
131.0
136.9
174.7
154.3
183.4
*
*
*
*
166.0 . 192.2
131.0
99.0
96.1
125.2
136.9
*
*
139.8
119.4
52.4
84.4 . 40.8
72.8 ' 37.8
87.4
43.7
116.5
52.4
*
*
174.2
162.4
147.7
144.7
144.7
162.4
*
.*.
168.3
138.8
127.0
91.6
79.7
97.5
127.0
*
.194.9
159.5
135.9
.06.3
103.4
129.9
129.9
*
*
138.8
124.1
59.1
38.4
175.9
164.0
146.1
137.1
149.1
.164.0
*
208.7
187.8
161.0
169.9
187.8
196.8
' *
152.0
128.2
134.2
119.2
62.6
41.7
53,7
98.4
92.4
107.3
116.3
77.5
92.4
32:8
29.8
26.8
29.8
146.1
122.2
•k
184.8
194.9
177.2
168.3
168.3
177,2
192.0
•* •
*
*
202.7
Vf
125.2
it
it
■Vc
it
Vc
149.1
125.2
it
34.9
29.1
26.2
26.2
34.9
*
it
61 iI
37.5
67.9
41,3
35.4
29.5
38.4
53.2
47.3
38.4
44.3
59.1
29,5
38.4
it
it
it
it
44,7
38.8
44.7
53.7
35.8
*
it
it
it
62 „6
OO
*
2
CO
CO
2400
0300
0600
I
Free CO 2 not «calculated at this time because samples
were not collected,
** Samples were npt collected a t :this time because excessive
snow made the highway.impassable,
)
-95-
Table XIV.
Exchange coefficients between the free carbon
.dioxide of the water and that of the atmos­
phere for all reaches through the summer of
1965.
OO
I
CM
DATE
STATIONS
3-4
May 15-16
-.0011
-.0011
-.0006
-.0040
-.0057
May 22.-23
-.0025
-.0025
-.0011
-,0.054
-.0045
May 29-30
-.0016
-.0016
-.0006
-.0045
-.0053
June 5-6
-.0033
-.0033
-.0016
-.0084
-.0090
June 12-13
-.0012
-.0012
-. 0004
-.0080
-.0083
June 18-19
-.0044
-.0044
-.0004
-.0082
-.0079
June 23-24
-.0017
-.0017
-.0012
-.0074
-.0083
June 28-29
-.0027
-.0027
-.0013
-.0067
-.0091
July 9-10
-.0032
-.0032
-.0012
-.0065
-.0,067
July 14-15
-.0058
-.0058
-.0016
-.0087
-.0069
July, 21-22
-.0044
-.0044 .-.0026
-.0067
-.0060
July 28-29
-.0029
-.0029
-.0017
-.0067
-.0040
Aug 4-5
-.0027
-.0027
-.0013
-.0052
.-.0058
Aug 10-11
-. 0024
-.0024
-.0011
-.0047
-.0058
Aug 17-18
-.0020
-.0020
-.0016
-.0044
-.0048
Aug 24^25
-.0026
-.0026
-.0014
-.0049
-.0042
Sept 1-2
-.0026
-.0.026
-.0013
-.0039
-.0056
1-2
)
4-5
5-6
-96Table X I V s .C o n t i n u e d
DATE
STATIONS
1-2
3-4
2-3
4-5
5-6
Sept 1-2
-.0 0 2 6
-.0026
-.0013
-.0039
-.0056
Sept 8-9
-,0024
.T .0024
-.0 0 0 8
-.0040
-.0045
Sept 15-16
*
*
*
*
*
Sept 22-23
-.0007
-.0007
-.0020
-.0039
-.0049
Oct 2-3
-.0 0 3 4
-.0034
-.0011
-.0045
-.0041
Oct 9-10
-,0030
-.0030
r „0013
-.0042
-.0036
Oct 16-17
-.0 0 3 2
-.0 0 3 2
-.0013
-.0053 . - . 0 0 5 3
Oct 23-24
-.0041
-.0041
-.0002
-.0023
-.0039
Oct 29-30
-.0 0 2 8
-.0028
-.0014
-.0051
-.0040
* Samples not collected at 2100
this date.
5
2400 and 0300 hours on
-97-
Table XV.
Change in carbon dioxide concentration due to
biological factors (millimoles/m2 per minute)
at all stations during twenty-'four hour periods
on weekly/intervals through the summer of 1965.
TIME
.Date
Hour
May 15-16
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
May 22-23
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
May 29-30
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
June 5-6
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
)
1-2
2-3
STATIONS
3-4
4-5
5-6
+.2866
-.4451
-.4690
-.1638
+. 0083
-.0/15
-.1440
+.0103
+.1244
-.6156
+.0057
-.2576
-.2517
-.1668
+.0599
+.1130
-.4609
-.7701
-.2250
-.1192
-.2895
+.0318
-.1537
+.0164
-.0429
+.0728
+.0210
-.4550
-.5082
-.3107
-.1088
+.0399
-.0488
+.0420
-.2463
+.1829
+.1090
-.1309
-.1086
-.1824
+.2049
-.0428
-.3823
+.0181
-.1352
+.0827
-.0370
-.0093
-.1615
+.0939
+.0701
-.0432
-.0745
-.0532
-.0657
+.0049
-.0282
-.0319
+.0538
-.1988
-.0409
-.0177
-.0176
-.0253
-.0455
+.0097
+.0389
-.1109
-.2502
-.2310
-.1426
+.2006
+.1643
+.1103
-.0810
-.0411
-.0942
-.2138
-.0649
-.0090
-.0679
-.0679
+.1183
.1959
-.1493
-.1328
-.1551
+.0106
-.0935
+. 0088
+.0703
-.1210
-.0470
-.0276
+.0004
+.0243
-.1299
-.1037
-.1424
-.0356
+.0013
+.0109
-.0216
+.0258
+.0547
***
-.3475
+.1084
+.3342
+.1039
+.0798
-.1528
+.0432
+ .1166
-.0964
+.0723
-.4271
+.1519
-.3765
-.1470
+.1727
-.1171
+.0885
-.0144
+.0132
-.0897
-.0721
-.0511
-.0771
+.0271
-.0067
-.0007
-.0241
+.0391
+.0194
-.0616
+.0461
+.0101
-.0489
-.0469
-.2753
-.1126
-.0662
-.0105
-.0421
-.0803
-.1019
-.1012
+.0635
+.0014
-.0330
-.0198
-.0511
-.0526
+ .045.6
-98Table XVo
Continued
TIME
Date
June 12-13
STATIONS
1=2
Hour
5-6
+.0299
+.1385
+.0596
+.0420
0600
0900
-.5798
-.1394
-.0141
+.3710
-.3 2 5 3
-.0991
-.2915
-.4485
-.4203
-.2847
-,2464
-.1 8 9 3
-.4426
+.0562
-.0 2 9 4
-.0 2 9 4
-.3476
-.1716
-.2250
-.1323
-.0325
-.0062
-.0229
+.0476
-.1050
-.1 0 0 8
+.0053
-.0457
-.1053
-.0 2 3 1
-.0039
+.0281
-.0261
-.0150
+.0257
+.0402
-.0851
***
-.0054
+.0069
-.3275
-.1281
-.1356■
-.0 9 8 2
-.1172
+.2434
+. 0008
-.0 1 3 8
-.2472
-.1240
-.1033
+.0165
-.0 7 2 7
+.0043
+.0516
-.3437
-.0913
-.1677
-.2096
+.0172
-.0832
-.0400
+.1275
+.0307
-:0206
-.1465
-.0930
-.0 7 1 8
-.0359
+.0153
+.0366
+.6112
-.0421
-.0225
-.0050
-.0050
-.0112
-.0053
+.0215
-.6945
-.2 7 8 8
-.1 8 8 2
-.1680
-.4 7 8 8
-.1389
+.0419
-.3550
-.9336
-.4760
-.4 3 7 8
-.5212
+.0018
+.0872
-.0 1 5 0
+.0343
-.3192
-.0533
-.0234
-.0954
+.1130
+.0411
-.1374
+.0895
-.2030
-.0900
.-. 1486
-.1 1 7 8
-.0255
+.0065
-.0125
+.0015
-.0599
+.0399
-.1444
+.0062
-.1048
-.0259
+.0117
+.0372
-.0764
-„4603
-.4 1 7 3
-.4 0 5 8
-.2645
+.0231
-.0409
+.1065
-.2320
-.2 7 5 6
-.4 1 6 8
-.2 9 0 3
-.3320
-.0136
+.0043
+.0299
+.0232
-.2019
-.1683
-.0908
+.1061
-.0172
-.0591
+.0914
-.0087
-.0215
-.1047
-.1 6 2 3
-.0 9 2 9
-.0 0 3 4
-.0466
+.0483
+.0398
-.0075
+.0549
+.0304
2100
2400
0300
0600
0900
1200
1500
.1800
2100
2400
0300
,0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
June 28-29
4-5
+.0459
1500
1800
June 23-24
3-4.
0300
1200
June 18-19
2-3
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
•
-..1020
+.0212
-.0113
+.0052
+ .0207
-99Table XVo
Continued
TIME
Date
July 9-10
STATIONS
1=2
Hour
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
July 14-15
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
July 21-22
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
July 28-29
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
)
.
2-3
3-4
.4-5
5-6
-.3 8 2 3
-.5050
-.4112
.-..I960
-.1906
+.1616
+.0615
+.2083
-.2350
-.1280
-.3315
-.1125
-.3903 .-.1118
- . 2 5 8 4 +. 0042
-.1995 +. 0790
-.0523
-.0228
+.0565
-.0927
+.0337 +.1364
-.0 6 2 9
-.0523
-.1339
-.0778
-.1275
-.0210
-.1388 - . 0 4 4 7
-.0705
-.0312
+ .0066. +.0352
-.0276
-.0298
+.0205 +.0282
-.2727
-.8161
-.5800
-. 186.1
+.0217
+.4789
+.2411
+.0955
-.0384
-.1 6 7 2
-.0624
-. 6.995
+.0162
-.0414
+.1983
-.1920
-.2637
.-.2126
-.2 2 3 8
-.0167
-+..1027
+.0062
-.0447
+.0398
-.1056
-.0831
-.1435
-.1008
+ =05.00
+.0387
+.0032
+.0266
-.1042
-.1133
-.0194
-.0406
+.0244
+.0006
+.0219
+.0291
-.3 6 7 2
-.3059
-.3736
-.2350
-.0 2 9 1
+.4278
+.4699
+.0880
-.0110
-.1789
-.3112
-.0 7 9 0
+.1348
+.0706
+.0157
-.0 7 3 3
+.0009
-.2465
+.0040
— .0429
+.1413
+.0043
+.0414
-.0454
-.1 0 2 6
-.1792
-.0 9 3 4
-.1049
-.0 3 1 8
-.0162
+.0256
-.0030
-.0792
-.1655
-.0472
-.0438
-.0004
-.0330
+.0014
0066
.-.1874
-.4733
-.3736
-.2330
+.1077
+.1759
+.0416
-.0190
-.152,1
-.2 8 8 9
-.3 1 1 2
-.2314
-.0 0 4 8
-.0 9 0 0
+.0281
+.0890
-.2079
-.1051
-.1015
-.0340
+.0607
+. 0001
-.1265
+.0305
-.0305
-.1 0 9 8
-.0934
-.1 0 0 3
-.0435
+.0287
-.0598
+.0281
-.1047
-.1189
-.0472
-.0615
-.0175
-»0108
-.0343
+.0478
.
-100-
Table XV.
Continued
TIME
Date
Hour
Aug 4-5
0600
0900
1-2
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
Aug 10-11
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
Aug 17-18
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
Aug 24-25
0600
0900
1200
1500
. 1800
2100
2400
0300
.
2-3
STATIONS
3=4
4-5 .
5-6
-.2625
-.3103
-.2686
-.1143
+.0866
+.0482
-,0294
+.0610
-.1033
-.2596
-.2801
-.1155
-.0294
-.0275
+.0070
+.0143
.-.2535
-.1709
-.0794
-.0581
+.0592
-.0272
+.0051
+.0194
-.0662
-.1559
-.1174
-.1139
-.0612
+.0019
-.0114
+.0108
-.0518
-.0808
-.0368
-.0662
+ ;0063
-.0197
-.2762
-.3 7 2 1
-.3 4 6 1
-.0791
+.1321
+.0321
-.0050
+.0142
-.1367
-.2 0 0 3
-.3 1 4 8
-.1810
-.0515
+.0406
-.0376
-.0 1 9 4
-.1515
-.1797
-.1225
-.0477
+.0123
-.0976
+.0738
+.0716
-.0827
-.1767
-.2045
-.1159
+.0078
+.0162
-.0297
-.0321
-.1015
-.0593
-.0169
-.0330
+.0003
+.0070
-.0058
-.3219
-.3018
-.3757
-.1 2 8 6
-.0272
+.0740
+.1309
+.0355
-.1468
-.2421
-.3 7 2 8
-.1722
+.0014
-.0239
+.0432
-.0113
-.1197
-.1244
-.1276
-.0772
+.0247
+.0399
-.0317
-.0229
-.1227
-.1350
-.0569
-.0059
+.0105
+.0072
-.0445
-.0352
-.0253
-.0524
+ .0086
-.0048
+ =.0008
+ .0081
-.2 1 9 4
-.3213
-.3670
-.1604
-.0048
+.2520
-.0725
, *
•-. 3644
-.1 5 0 4
-.2915
-.1279
+.0256
+.0421
-.0 2 7 4
*
-.2084 . - . 0 4 8 7
-.0715
-.1215
-.1093 -.1807
-.0403
-.1 9 0 9
-.0 4 7 2
+.0794
+.0332
-.0161
- . 0 2 3 8 +.0287
*
*
-.0519
-.0852
-.0811
-.0 3 1 4
+.0142
+.0107
-.0133
*
+.0020
-.1202 ' - . 1 9 9 9
0.0000
+.0226
- 101Table XV.
Continued
TIME
Date
Sept 1-2
Hour
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
Sept 8-9
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
Sept 22-23
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
Oct 2-3
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
.1-2
2-3
STATIONS
3-4
4-5
5-6
-.1335
-.2484
-.2842
-.0443
+.1612
+.0685
+.0890
*
+.0097
-.0954
-.2180
-.1454
+.0426
-.0051
+.0195
*
-.1166
-.1942
-.1043
-.0949
+.0227
.-.0454
+ ,.0465
*
- i.0291
-.1077
-.0937
-.0996
-.0227
-.0036
+.0044
. :*
+.0039
-.0341
-.0408
-.0443
-.0283
-.0125
+.0233
*
-.1617
-.2363
-.1542
-.0404
+.0546
+.0747
-.1265
*
-.1520
-.1555
-.1786
-.1628
+.0145
+.0463
-.0293
*
-,2165
-.1356
-.1228
-.0922
+.0188
+. 0061
-.0069
■*
-.0855
-.1118
-.1366
-.0978
-.0172
+.0061
-.0072
*
-.0555
-.0835
-.0531
-.0.186
+.0016
-.0026
*
-.2637
.- .2516
-.1726
-.1548
-. 164.9
-.1273
-.1035
-.0787
-.3396
-.3102
-.2204
-.1052
-.1236
-.0042
+.1149
-.1099
-.1128
-.0590
+.1832
-.0403
-.0961
+.0744
-.1310
+.0180
-.0508
-.0301
-.0701
-.1522
+.0229
+.0664
-.0367
.-.0339
+.0175
-.0272
-.0475
-.0129
+.0693
+ .0189
-.0386
+ .0232
-.1238
-.2165
-.2528
+.0325
+.0812
+.1147
+.0018
*
-.0051
-.1008
-.1608
-.1421
+.0474
+.0773
-.0788
-.1164
-.1597
-.1069
-.0183
-.0521
+.0067
+.0023
*
-.0268
-.0233
-.0513
-.0537
-.0635
-.0043
-.0007
+.0018
-.1020
-.0738
-.0439
-.0604
+.0469
+10023
*
-.1022
-102Table XVo
Continued
TIME
Date
Oct 9-10
Hour
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
.2100
2400
030.0
Oct 16-17
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
Oct 23-24
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
03.00
Oct 29-30
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
*
)
)
1-2
2-3
STATIONS
3-4
-.0002
4—5
-,1167
-.2077
-.2387
■-.0834
+.1055
+.1889
+.0697
+.1203
- .-0181
-.0713
-.1509
+.0177
+.0354
+.0263
+.0619
-.0638
-.1 2 6 1
-.1 8 1 8
-. 2139
-.0 3 4 0
+ .060,6
+.0241
*
*
+.0012
+.0178
-.0547
-.0277
+.0518
+.1676
+.1569
*
*
+.2424
+.0834
-.2023
-.2373
-.1001 -.1710
-.0430
-.0320
+.1122 •-. 0886
+.0054 .-.0113
*
*
*
*
.1460 - . 0 3 6 8
i .1733 .-.0407
-.1325
-.0701
-.0856
-.0188
-.0945 +.0127
-.0003
-.1277
*
*
*
*
-.1632
-. 2914
-.2891
-.0865
-.0518
- o0884
.*
*
-.0 8 5 7
-.2 2 0 8
-.0 0 3 0
-.0 3 9 1
-.0 4 4 7
-.0004
+.0173
-.0019
*
■*
-.0 7 3 6
-.1750
-.1 6 6 1
-.0 2 4 3
-.0311
*
*
-.2101
-.1681
-.1857
-.0005
*
'*
-.1304
-.0591
-.0940
+.0715
+ .0156
-. 0464
+.0321
-.0139
-, 2.147
-.1 0 3 8
-.0279
-.0419
+.0041
-.0181
-.107 8
5-6
-.1210
-.0 2 2 3
+.0255
+ .0189
-.0 2 5 1
+.0067
+.0046
-.0 8 0 1
-.0 5 0 2
-.0106
+ .02,39
+.0015
*
*
-. 0563
-.0699
-.0207
-.0179
+.0817
-.0027
*
*
-.0148
-.0244
+.0127
-.0285
+.0042
+.0021
+.0193
-.0180
+.0160
-.0.186
-.0508
-.0161
-.0096
+ .0008
*
*
-.0170
-.0434
-.0524
-.0 1 8 4
-.0095
-.0008
.*
*
Calculations not made for this period because sa.mples
were not collected.
T able XV.
Continued
*** Samples lost.
-104-
Table X V I o
Water temperature (° Centigrade) at all stations
during twenty-four hour periods on weekly inter­
vals through the summer of 1965.
■ TIME
Date
Hour
M a y ,15-16
I
0600
0900
11.8
12.8
1200
15.0
17.0
17.0
14.5
.1500
1800
'
2100
.
May 22-23
2400
0300
0600
*
*
13.0
0600
0900
9.4
10.2
1200
12.4
13.4
13.2
.*.
1500
1800
2100
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
June 5-6
J
12.0
12,0
12.0
12.0
12.3
15.0
16.8
17.0
14.5
13.0 .13.0
15.2
15.0
17.0
16.5
17 ..5 17.3
15.0 15.0
*
.*
13.2
15.2
16.0
17.0
15.0
.13.5
16.0
.16.5
16.5
15.0
.*
*
*
■
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
9.6
10.4
9.6
10.4
9,6
10.4
9.8
9.8
12.6
12.6
12.8
13.8
13.2
*
13.6
13.2
13.2
13.2
10.6
12.6
12.8
10.8
12.8
12.6
12.8
*
*
*
*
*
*
13.2
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
11,0
11.4
-12.0
12.6
11.8
12.0
14.0
16.4
17.0
15.0
14.0
16.2
16.8
15.0
12.4
14.2
16.2
16.8
15.0
13.6
13.2
14.6
. 16.2
16.4
14.0
13.8
14.2
15.5
16.4
16.2
13.0
11.0 . 11.0
10.0 11.0
11.2 11.8
11.0
10.0
12.6
10.0
12.0
11.6
11.8
12.0
12.2
12.2
12.8
13.8
15.8
16.6
14.2
15.8
16.2
14.8
16.0
16.0
10.2
10.6
11.2
1 1 . 6
11.4
.14.0
16.0
16.6
14.0
2400
0300
0600
12.0
10.0
10.4
11.0
8.0
10.8
0600
0900
.10.4
10.8
10.8
11,0
1200
1500
13.6
16.0
17.0
11.4
13.8
16.2
17.0
11.4
13,8
16.0
16.8
1800
C-J
'
12.0
6
OO
May 29-30
.5
2 .
O
I—I
2400
0300
0600
STATION
3
4
1 1 .6
13.2
= 105-
Table X V I .
Continued
TIME
Date
I
2100
2400
12.0
13.0
13.0
14.0
.11.0
11.0
10.0
12.8
11.0
10.0
12.8
12.0
11.0
10.0
12.0 12.0
11.0 .13.0
13.8
14.2
14.4
14.4
14.8
16.4
17.2
17.4
16.0
16.0
15.2
13.9
14.5
14.8
16.2
17.0
17.4
16.0
16.0
15.2
14.0
15.2
17.3
16.5
15.9
15.4
14.4
15.6
15.8
17.1
17.7
17.4
16.5
15.8
15 ,4
14.7
15.8
16.4
17.6
17.9
17.4
16.2
15 ,5
15.4
14.7
12.6
12.8
12.8
12.7
13,4
15.6
13.7
15.2
15.2
15.4
16.0
15.5
14.8
14.0
13.0
14.7
15.2
15.8
15.6
15.2
14.7
14.2
16.7
16.8
17.9
16.8
17.3
18.6
16.8
18.3
19.2
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
June 18-19
.12.4
.14.2
14.6
16.3
17.2
17.4
16.3
15.6
15.0
.13.6
.12.0
1200
15.0
16.5
12.4
2100
16.8
16.3
2400
.0300
0600
15.7
.14.4
13.3
0600
0900
15.9
16.2
17.8
1200
June 28 v 29
9.0
0600
0900
1500
1800
June 23-24
6
Hour
0300
.0600
June 12-13
2
STATION
3
4
it
12.2
12.6
12.4
12,7
15.0 .14.6
16.2
16.0
16.7 16.6
16.2
16.2
15.8
15.7
13.8
14.9
13.7
13.8
16.4
16.4
18.0
16.6
■it
1500,
1800
18.8
19.1
2100
17.6
17,6
2400
0300
0600
16.8
15.8
15.0
17.1
16.0
15.3
0600
0900
12,4
12.6
13.3
13,4
16.7
17.8
it
15.2
16.6
17.2
16.2
it'
5
13.0
it
15.2
15.0
14.4
14.0
if
18.8
19.0
17.7
17.1
16.0
15.4
18.8
17.8
17.0
16.1
15.6
18.8
17.9
16,9
16.1
15.8
12.5
13.4
12.5
,13.2
12.6
12.6
13.4
.14.0
17.6
16.8
15.8
15.6
-'106“
Table XVI.
Continued
TIME
Date
STATION
Hour
I
2
1200
15.6
18.0
18.7
17.4
16.4
15.4
14.8
15.5
17.9
18.8
17.6
16.6
15.6
15.1
1200
17.4
17.8
19.9
17.7
18.2
19.9
1500
1800
22.1
22.6
2100
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
July 9-10
July 14-15
0.600
0900
6
15.4 .14,9
17.6
17.2
18.6 ,18.4
17.5
17.6
16.5
16.7
15.6 15.5
15.0 15.1
15.2
16.8
17.6
17.2
16.4
15.3
15.0
15.8
17.1
17.6
16.5
15.6
15.2
14.8
17.5
18.2
17.5
17.8
19,4
17.5
18.6
20.3
17.3
.19.0
21.2
4
21,8
20.0
21.6
21,4
22,5
21,4
22,3
21.4
2400
0300
0600
20.0
20.2
20.1
21.2
21.8
21.2
20.2
18.8
17.8
19.1
17.9
18.8
17.8
19.0
17.9
0600
0900
16.6
16.7
1200
20.0
22.0
22.8
21.8
17.0
17.1
19.7
16.8
17.2
19.7
21.4
22.4
21.5
20.4
*
18.0
16.8
17.0
19.0
1500
1800
2100
July 21-22
.5
3
2400
0300
0600
20.4
0600
0900
17.8
18.2
.20.8
1200
.1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
i<
17 i9
21.8
22.0
21.0
20.0
18.8
18.2
21.8
22.7
21.8
20.6
*
18.0
18.0
18.4
20.3
21,9
22.0
21.0
20.2
18.9
18.4
17.8
18.4
20.0
21,4
21.9
20.8
19.9
19.8
18.2
21.4
21.2
21.8
19.8
18.8
18.1
21.4
19.9
19.2
18.4
17.9
17.0
17.7
16.8
18.4
20.0
21.2
20.6
21,8
20.7
21.5
21.1
21.0
21.4
20.5
*
18.2
20.4
19.9
*
18.2
19.7
19.2
17.8
18.1
19.8
17.8
18.6
20.8
21,8
20.8
20.9
21.2
21.2
21.4
19.7
19.1
18.0
17.6
19.8
18.8
18.2
20.6
20.2
20.4
19.5
18.5
18.0
■*
17.8
17.6
19.2
21.4
-107Tab Ie XVIo
.Continued
TIME
STATION
Date
Hour
I
2
3
July 28-29
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
18.2
18.3
18.7
18.2
18.1
18.6
21.0
23.0
18.2
.
Aug 4-5
Aug 10-11
-Aug 17-18
18.4
21.6
23.5
21.2
24.2
23.8
22.9
21.8
20,4
19.6
23.4
20.4
21.9
23.0
22.8
21.6
22.4
20.4
20.4
19.3
19.4
19.2
19.1
*
19.0
19.1
*
19.1
21.8
21.2
20.0
21.2
21.2
20.2
21.1
21.2
19.5
18.5
19.4
18.0
18.1
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
20.0
20.0
21.9
23.9
24.4
19.0
24,0
•*
21,7
-20.1
19.2
0600
0900
17.7
17.8
18.0
18.1
1200
19.8
22.2
22.6
21.6
19.4
19,6
21.8
22.3
21.6
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
1500
1800
2100
2400
22.8
23.4
4
21.4
20.4
19.2
19.0
19.0
*
*
21.4
20.0
21.7
18.8
*
20.4
20.5
19.9
19.2
18.3
17,8
20.0
20.2
19.8
20.3
21.9
20.4
19.8
19.9
21.4
22,5
18.6
23.4
19.7
21.6
23.2
23.4
*
21,7
20,0
19.0
17.7
18.2
19.6
21,3
•21,8
21.3
19.7
19.2
18.2
17.6
22.8
*
5
6
18.0
19.0
18.0
19.6
21.8
22.2
22.3
21.6
21.2
22,8
22.6
22.2
20.9
20.4
20.4
19.4
19.8
18.8
19,7
*
18.4
20.0
20.2
20.2
19.2
20.1
20.0
18.8
17.8
17.3
19.2
it
18.8
18.2
17.5
17.1
19.8 19.4
20.7 . 21,2
22,0 23.0
23,2
22.1
*
23.9
22,2
*
21.6
20.8
19.9
20.4
19.2
19,9
19.1
19.2
18.6
17.8
17.4
18.2
,16.8
18.8
20.3
21.1
22.0
17.8
19.2
20.6
21,2
20.9
20.0
21.4
20.5
19.9
19.0
20.4
19.0
18.2
- 108Table XVI,
Continued
TIME
Aug 24-25
STAT I O N
Hour
I
2
3
0300
0600
18.7
17.6
18.9
17.8
18.7
17.6
19.0
17.7
18.5
17.4
17.6
.16.9
0600
0900
.16.4
16.2
18.0
19.8
16.5
16.4
17.8
19.8
20.0
20.0
. 18.9
18.0
19.0
18.1
16.2
16,5
17.8
19.2
19.5
18.8
17.9
16.0
16.2
17.5
18.4
19.2
18.6
17.8
15,2
16.6
18.2
18.8
18.2
17.7
17.3
14.8
16.7
19.3
19.3
18.2
16.8
16.5
kk
kk
kk
kk
kk
16.5
.16.0
15.5
14.5
14.2
15.8
17.3
17.8
17.8
16.9
14.0
14.6
16.4
17.5
16.7
16.4
16.0
13.2
14.9
.17.2
18.0
16.6
15.4
15,1
1200
1500
1800
2100 .
2400
0300
0600
Sept 1-2
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
Sept 8-9
0600
0900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
Sept 15-16
0600
0900
.1200
1500
irk
4
5
6
16.8
OO
Date
16.6
14.6
14.3
16 „6
.19.1
19.2
18.5
.16.9
14.8
14.6
16.2
18.6
18.9
18.7
17.1
14.6
14,6
16.2
18.2
18.5
18.0
16,9
kk
kk
kk
kk ■
kk
kk
k
k
k-
k
k
k
16.0
16.1
*
18.1
.18.1
17.1
16.2
,k k
15.0
16.0
16.2
14.4
14.2
.14.8
■ 15.2
■k
15.8
15.8
k
15,8
15.5
k
15.2
15.5
k
14,8
15.8
k
17.8
17.8
17.1
16.6
17.4
17.4
16.7
16.2
16.9
17.1
16.5
16.2
16.5
16.1
15.8
15.4
16.5
15.7
14.8
14.6
kk
kk
kk
kk
kk
15.2
15.0
15.0
14.6
14.4
14.4
14.1
14.4
15.0
14.4
13.9
14.0
15.0
14.2
13.7
.13.8
14.4
13.4 13.2
13.4
13.7
13.5
13.5
14.0 .14.0
-109Tab Ie XVI.
■C o n t i n u e d
TIME
Date
STATION
Hour
I
2
3
1800
14.1
13.4
14.0
13.6
14.0
13.2
Y fY fY f
Y fY fY f
2100
Sept 22-23
13,3
13.0
12.9
14,4
Y fY fY f
Y fY fY r
Y fY fY f
Y fY fY f
Y fY fY f
*Y fY f
Y rY f*
Y fY fY f
Y f*Y f
* * Y f
Y fY f*
Y f* *
Y f*Y r
0600
0900
12.8
12.2
12.4
12,0
11.8
11.2
12.1
11.9
11.5
1200
12.4
13.2
12.3
13.0
12.7
12.0
11,8
12.6
10.9
11.3
Y c **
12.8
2100
12.4
2400
0300
0600
11.6
11.0
10.2
0600
0900
12.6
12.8
1200
14.8
16.5
17.0
16.0
15.0
2100
2400
0300
0600
12.6
11.6
11.0
10.2
13.0
12.2
12.2
11.3
11.0
10.0
12.0
11..9 11.1
12.0 .11.0
11.2 10.5
11.0 10.3
9.3
10.0
13.0
12.4 .12,0
12.9
12.2
13.1 12.7
12.3
14.6 .14.2 13.8
14,0
16.2
15.5
14.6
14.4
14.0
16.8 16.0
15.0
16.0 15.4 15.0 ,13.8
15.0
15.0 . 14.4 13.4
10.9
11.6
10.7
10.4
9,9
,9,4
8.8
11.3
12.0
14.4
15.0
13.8
12,5
12,2
Y fY f
■ 13.0 .13.2
13.0
12,9
12.2
11.6
13.4
13.4
.15.0
16.4
16.2
16.0
15.0
14.2
13.4
13.0
13.0
14.6
16.0
16.0
15.4
14.8
13.8
13.2
13.0
14.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
14.6
14.0
13.2
12.4
12.4
14.0
15.0
14.0
14.0
13.6
13.0
11.8
2400
0300
0600
13.2
13.0
15.0
16.4
16.4
16.0
.15.0
14.0
.13.4
0600
12.0
12.4
12.0
12.0
0600
0900
1500
1800
2100
Y fY f
*Y f
12.8
Y f*
10.8
10.6
Y fY f
1200
Oct 16-17
.6
YfYeYe
1500
1800
Oct 9-10
13.9
13.2
.***
5
2400
0300
0600
1500
1800
Oct 2-3
4
Y fY r
12,4
14.2
15,0
13,6
12,6
12.4
12.8
12.0
11.8.
11.0
10,0
-110Continued
TIME
STAT I O N
Hour
3
12.0
12.6
11.8
12.0
11.2
12.2
10.8
12.2
13.4
13.0
13.2
. **
13.2
13.0
13.0
12.2
.13.0
13.6
14.0
13.6
**
**
12.2
13.0
14.0
14.0
13.8
**
**
12.4
0600
0900
11.6
11.1
12.0
10.8
1200
13.0
15.0
15.0
14.6
**
**
13.0
14.4
14.8
14.4
**
**
11.6
11.6
11.6
12.8
1500
1800
2100
2400
0300
0600
0600
0900
1200 .
1500
1800
2100
14.0
14.0
13.6
**
**
irk
■kk
kk
irk
kk
kk
12.0
12.0
10.0
11.6
11.2
12.6
11.6 10.8
11.0 .10,4
12.1 12.1
10.2
12.1
13.4
14.0
14.0
**
■ **
13.0
13.0
13.0
12.8
12.0
12.0
13.0
11.4
10.4
irk
kk
kk
kk
kk
kk .
12.0
11.6
11.4
11.0
12.0
12.0
11.6
11.2
12.2
11,2
11.0
11.8
10.8
10.8
12.0
13.0
13.0
13.4
**
12.4
12.4
13.0
12.4
11.4
10.0
10.2
12.0
12.0
11.0
11.2
10.4
kk
kk
irk
kk-
kk
kk
13.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
**
* *
12.0
11.8
kk
■
i'
11.6 . 10.6
9.8
CO
11.8
12.6 .12.0 11.8
12.8 11.6 •11.0
as
2400
0300
0600
.
6 .
5
O
i—I
2400
0300
0600
4
CO
12.0
1200
2100
Oct 29-'30
2
0900
1500
1800
Oct 23-24
I
O
Date
O
Table XVI.
* Temperature was not determined at this time because the
thermometer was broken during the collection of samples.
.** Temperature was not determined at this time because no
samples were collected at this sampling period.
*** Temperature was not determined at this time because
excessive snow made the highway impassable.
-Ill-
Table XVII.
DATE
May 15rl6
May, 22-23
May 29-30
June 5-6
Light intensity (gram-■calories/cm^) for three
hour intervals during twenty-four hour periods
on sampling dates through the summer of 1965.
HOURS
LIGHT INTENSITY
0600-0900
0900-1200
1200-1500
1500-1800
1800-2100
2100-2400
2400-0300
0300-0600
86.7
173.1
188.5
99.7
10.9
0600-0900
0900-1200
1200-1500
1500-1800
1800-2100
2100-2400
2400-0300
0300-0600
63.5
180.0
82.3
19.5
5.1
0600-0900
0900-1200
1200-1500
1500-1800
1800-2100
2100-2400
2400-0300
0300-0600
89,1
178.6
0600-0900
0900-1200
1200-1500
1500-1800
.1800-2100
2100-2400
2400-0300
0300-0600
0.0
0.0
5.5
0.0
0.0
.1.4
200.1
123.2
19.8
0.0
0.0
4.4
102.1
.186.4
200.4
126.3
22.2
0.0
0.0
7.2
“
Table X V X I o
112
=
Continued
DATE
HOURS
LIQHT INTENSITY
June 12-13
0600-0900
0900-1200
1200-1500
1500-1800
1800-2100
2100-2400
2400-0300
0300-0600
79.2
173.4
183.7
66.2
17.1
.0.0
June 18-19
0600-0900
09P0-1200
1200-1500
150.0-1800
1800-2100
2 1 0 0 -2 4 0 0
2 4 0 0 -0 3 0 0
0300-0600
.91,8
217.1
138.3
57.4
17.4
0.0
0.0
5.8
June 23-24
0 6 0 0 -0 9 0 0
0900-1200
1200-1500
1500-1800
1800-2100
2100-2400
2 4 0 0 -0 3 0 0
0 3 0 0 -0 6 0 0
88.4
162.2
156.7
40.3
4 .4
0 6 0 0 -0 9 0 0
0900-1200
1200-1500
1500-1800
1800-2100
2100-2400
2 4 0 0 -0 3 0 0
0300-0600
105.8
192.2
190.8
.106.9
12.3
0,0
0600-0900
0900-1200
91.2
185.0
June 28-29
July. 9 = 10
o.o
3.4
o.o
0.0
7.2
o.o
11.6
il
-113Table XVII.
Continued
DATE
HOURS
1200-1500
1500-1800
1800-2100
2100-2400
2400-0300
03,00-0600
July 14-15
July. 21-22
July 28-29
A u g 4-5
0600-0900
0900-1200
1200-1500
1500-1800
1800-2100
2100-2400
2400-0300
0300-0600
LIGHT TNTE;
220.5
128,4
11.9
0.0
0.0
9.2
86.0
164.2
.185.4
120.5
23.6
0.0
0.0
4.1
0600-0900
0900-1200
1200-1500
1500-1800
1800-2100
2100-2400
2400-0300
0300-0600
72,4
159.4
208.3
125.6
25.6
0600-0900
0900-1200
1200-1500
1500-1800
1800-2100
2100-2400
2400-0300
0300-0600
67.3
156.0
146.8
74.8
0600-0900
0900-1200
1200-1500
1500-1800
65.9
163.5
126.3
38.6
0.0
0.0
24.2
20.8
0.0
0.0
4.8
“ 114Table X V I I o
DATE
Continued
HOURS
LIGHT INTENSITY
1800-2100
2100-2400
2400-0300
0300-0600
6.5
0.0
0,0
3.8
Aug 10-11
0600-0900
0900-1200
1200-1500
1500-1800
1800-2100
2100-2400
24OO-03OO
0300-0600
-92.2
148.8
187.8
98.7
.18.4
0.0
0.0
2.4
Aug 17-18
0600-0900
0900-1200
1200-1500
1500-1800
1800-2100
2100-2400
2400-0300
0300-0600
58.0
146.8
178.6
105.5
0600-0900
0900-1200
1200-1500
1500-1800
1800-2100
2100-2400
2400-0300
0300-0600
48.8
150.9
173.4
99.4
7.2
0.0
0.0
0.7
0600-0900
0900-1200
. .1200-1500
1500-1800
1800-2100
2100-2400
62.5
145.4
170.0
82,6
5.8
0.0
Aug 24-25
Sept .1-2
11.6
0.0
0.0
1.7
~ 115 Table X V I T ,
Continued
DATE
HOURS
LIGHT INTENSITY
2400-0300
0300-0600
0.0
1.0
4
Sept 8-9
0600-0900
0900-1200
1200-1500
1500-1800
1800-2100
2100-2400
2400-0300
0300-0600
35,8
149.5
83.0
52.9
2.7
0,0
0.0
0.7
Sept 15-16
0600-0900
0900-1200
1200-1500
1500-1800
1800-2100
2100-2400
2400-0300
0300-0600
22,9
86.4
34.1
7.2
0.7
0.0
0,0
2.0
Sept 22-23
0600-0900
0900-1200
1200-1500
1500-1800
1800-2100
2100-2400
2400-0300 .
0300-0600
16,4
29.0
31.4
17.8
4,4
0.0
0.0
2.4
Oct 2-3
0600-0900
0900-1200
1200-1500
1500-1800
1800-2100
2,100-2400
2400-0300
0300-0600
38.6
121.2
122.3
55.6
.6,1
0.0
0.0
0.7
-116Table XVII.
Continued
■ DATE
HOURS
LIGHT INTENSITY
Oct 9-10
0600-0900
0900-1200
1200-1500
1500-1800
1800-2100
2100-2400
2400-0300
0300-0600
33.5
95.9
122.9
50,2
0,7
0600-0900
0900-1200
1200-1500
1500-1800
1800-2100
2100-2400
2400-0300
0300-0600
13.0
63,8
Oct 16-17
Oct 23-24
Oct 29-30
0,0
0.0
.0.7
120.2
22.2
4.4
0.0
0.0
4.1
.0600-0900
0900-1200
1200-1500
1500-1800
1800-2100
2100-2400
2400-0300
0300-0600
31.8
98.7
99,7
30.4
4.1
0600-0900
0900-1200
1200-1500
1500-1800
1800-2100
2100-2400
2400-0300
0300-0600
13.7
35.2
0.0
0.0
2.7
100.0
30.7
3.1
0.0
0,0
0.7
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fke^diU^U'
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