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Ie 4nc curflc 4- A Armpe re Ors 6 C rvtoles " ImM I<civ AOLU CcA 1Je I Alen SI ~ I I here cLact 4I2(yb 50pptcVi4L aI ale rFdian cl r s1 rAj (2/ /O A Iradtia c I le FGer s~~ercrdla~~~~~t ( A /- 36 MJ ITV.1 r ,S) riLCJe &, ma;v c ' 5 6 i14,Id :5p ) Ae ; mdatscc 2 OkeN arc 9 , (,)he IC4tf r, .a C rae. raT A : r' ,l 3 (561sJ 1 rl ) sr per sp C­ 1 o rn s4er&J 1_- Ot -t4 L 44CfJ all ifA L4· r. ,i1· 4 2-x s3r* 4X12 ble C-a'Ia dVs 6aVj ti I C"L cL P7, 19i-k,t lL la c1l6 sI fASB C- 6,4,'2 ; -7, 1 ~~~,; r, 17/o 5U & ~L) L&ve h6, C 41 4 zu A r,,, r 4# roeU4' 4 tgkClal4Jf , nk awvfxJ 7a J6t fatrdl,%4 L k etyt-Jr -IJ/U12LIO 46Lc aIlb6w44v/--c ,4 Physics Radiometry Radiometric Units Flux Angular flux density Flux density Flux density Radiant energy Radiant power Radiance Irradiance Radiosity Radiant intensity joules [J = kg m 2 /s 2 ] watts [W = joules/s] [W/m 2 sr] [W/m 2 1 [W/m 2 ] [W/sr] Physics Photometry Photometric Units Flux Angular flux density Flux density Flux density Luminous energy Luminous power Luminance Illuminance Luminosity Luminous intensity talbot lumens [talbots/second] Nit [umens/m2 sr] Lux [lumens/m2sri Lux [lumens/m 2 sr Candela [lumens/sr] - , C­ ­ nn~ EI~~L~n~Is ra I Ike -e-I " I Aa M vtc rtC,.. 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MuvlIcIe "··c�C; tAe cU/4 pl~e C(k ft Soruac lentp TROcYM_ l4Ae sunGL re (RCR" 1h I 5 pfic 7 pFpeC3he, rl/ture locit Si(slV, r Jpe) i)a (MWY( Cl ) n6ao MMJt ;ce,/, ~cV ,~~~~~~ I r~ o>VI [ KCK +vV\Al (I 5 Verticc Surfce areac k r :z --Pta Ike Aei sor kQ•ee Cavl CCul I4 6a LLF Jc6 Arl J eclra4Sa& CClvr jllg F F dl'rr Ovr- i'` 0 7 L-LF ,2 -14. acrme MnyTiaar Les. lanL ckpCJ ]yeccjl C 6F J c4Aii fc Fl or~ ( e He ofA rec'rvs Ie O I ,ssEGIjr (LI t-OVY' A 6 h UI\e 6ces 6F Ybmz,61: ITh re FC(i:e! ce s eulvalerVJ I) s r hiW, ke .hA & the EXacmpiee T)C513r Ke IgVjis 1r a Cla s rrnz~c lk5 h.A 6 nA.- Y 3 w-, 80,1 fPC7 "P W : J,-f : .2 lom IA-ai re lalp r cJ 31Z, ,-ikd InLen, Take 5as 1u t ke L.rLplAre l RCK I 5 Ill atk 19 3 -0, 8 )Y J('NV echC I RCR 80 ( Ac (S t d) Im/W ) "SUM 2-6 I p0F : 1, CA lars&ift 8I cv Kc IR, 0. 8 fadvjke.L 4te, 1464 0. 93 fvFrr PF -·) 6)d ( Ct,: 0.61 t -( ), aljn,cC L OS9 f l I 11ler or e LL F lgye At L calcWIcL F;ai Jma46ci cl, J se -ads -7 ,,r Wth LLFr o. 7 bLcm . ecuA6l, solvm, s5o0 I E-A r I; 90 t 0.61 x ,7 CU LLF 4sOOD L IA urdoc k AheK ( (&s. dle k - 1 105s,400 1I 0.43 Nwu evJ IoI r(A'Ct res df I&,~o, cO wLik 16-17 46D - 6. 7 316­ Fifvres, spacedJ e v llf u nckrkmCA l L1aI A. ~3. (NMurdc& cpl->y9) + n As Futhk(2 L, s 1ky c2arc Sn rrmclrmkr NurnylLars s -~ -cy Arik s 5lr;ce- k 1 IVrn -L ;un "1 rcZJ n C rrd rr toljccIce Iob61/V C 3J1 tke Jlr ,(JLr/ AiA (P I U0 Ar,6uJ I. " v sonr I, cajL , Ia/ Ol6ay '. Irn M61,e delal I -- ­ 5rJ o 0AlJe Eo-rc ', 1377 VV/M 2 ( I2a7 5 93 h1Lnt spAe re i27, S6X 1i,4/) IM/\4 -17­ Ci 4 E Ecr W5l\ rfce M N\wlcx) SrpOCJr C,lo Os 6A JCLA/V y OfC0Ld Ln+ S u 4S 1I ~zs+ L FT9< eKf urFcI surg;e E I rS EcA/s z Eo I A - S. R C, i rL, cx F c CleValcMt c urn oAoCIe F S£glIe CLIrAO-h = meL ede c Iia lC -xIIIaJIM crC4leAWd 0 Asles h 103 klux 40 30 Oo 70 so 92 84 69 o0 I0 too 0 97 17e orii~orl ­ 0 0.2 o b llumactc. rFer the on but SlWa IBri;ZJ'ALI C. I ( I3or2 ,,* M 1 \/ A I EV644 I - I / Is S6lcar a IcUd e sed e)\ PIav& Esul\ son r Khlera i 1 I. Pe LIIC urCis / i F -I L I I I'K -18­ Esun osh s Y TheC eelJ all, LJe cMdI aiUx hF the Son mlalhne-e JOGICixak d Sece1durOCh rIe- tle A S IItHvz clJx AhaIkelt, cWI, 9 C 1 eCJ) kaz,J At solar I4\e o½" tke CLzlA4i act ictJ For criAhkdl Is el1StYl c sol5 1, ­ ,,, Fkc e6L IACr I & E:Cvl A6rY 23 ,- l a. CA -,J rtxe arv rJ He p- 1/,1) rd , E k's 1--ez I-- F AL Cf F 11a I ' r 'I"' ,16 ,t,, Sbru. son -"rik1 it h so-L- 23. I,, -'4, /kk t raepecf to - I . CL a-L ,- 3/21,9i ) solshcc QC(aer k' 90- L 6/i' ( umm-Cer solslccQ //U· CLICCl" n. W W. 66?y4,sufnan t.4,j,4 " rh xWj w . a e. . arMr oL,-IPK eI b/ Moe-~Zlre-s -I ­ 4A orwz Isi cA I.. 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I u-6 tsJ, (Zelu-culzm · ET, ET r AT I teo eoxt Unnv C> Lt fwZ, A L, Z ,A (SeL -" I ~ nU, q'LJ (f) h;T - LrCe4, E~~~ -It'ird.; sa dg~~eI, c,4~r L* ztln4i~L o-~A--, ~~Lyn 41. eOL/sforgcrelA kXc 41, (7 w -Ps fo " 4 mn C E g,aE-vrdre Or 4rn Lfarjcus 5. p 108(10,000) 96.8(9000) 7- E, g 75.3(7000) W 64.5(6000) 53.8(5000) . 43.0(4000) 7 -ir Z, A 21.5(2000) 10.8(1000) n --- Wv O-- K' ,-11 Y 10 u f _J Ve-- :2!!! i OIC --- ­ rv f I r 32.3(3000) : - - rq h" La --- rW- 7- .99=== H 86.0(8000) i E, l -I ; V75- _ __e --­ ~smsm~imn. _ := 30 = 40:= 20 = 50 _ 60 70 N 80 90 Solar Altitude, Degrees Figure 9.4 Solar illuminance. (Source: IES Daylighting Committee, Recommended Practice of Daylighting, IES, New York, 1979, fig. 37-A, with permission.) II 1-r a EVo' W'44(, & ' SIUJL \)a IvICLnce al Sorc (, lt FPWK tIAe or cr ! oJrn Orrl is tP.ij- .0C) -19 ­ s c t\& S abO~ll sky - ovrcoJ or JeL ? Almospherl scic4isL kVs nkcZsorezci k sIy Ivunrcnance rca 4 d^. j{L. cwctdj )a (ae alzz cise, nltR). -ei L - LurcAnce, I-f 2S- 3. 0 (A reclveleJ r(A -S.L ' U,,Se Is ,cG|d 1 l(\~ictce Fur o, VAAty aA 15I CS aE Lte_ It 3IsprD sky L (S Qa s le-\jcJL.4-e, srz JL cale. I-' h {IPcAfcO2 aJ 4 ) nt 5b- I~k~ a S610r c( kor-6 rz lialmtceA - ~ 51 klne FIjyalI aIlxLtct(cQ y 6 Si lurAIAtACZ me /ec L h L I-/ ai v en.Vt&.±aelI QC4ImI g Funjo-4- u w piy ,,,,,~dIry F-jloa1 d- Ven4Ur-/ equLvaleA tker "n+e Ikle U S. cvS<t f jIAa- L Morl 4e Ca lumlhamc~e. La wlV rl uhIvalce C Ah0ft 44wetcl~, l VCAIe4qulJa C k Lc t r c a a gh&T ab iw, ear sh/ a Icss ll as Lvio Jt, ? O clk e. (WLIct 3018 ?1% 4 1,f- Sy jvMYnanCe Aear Ike .e a¢S a d N)QI'lS 11J4told ftar A VlUnlAnAe ,er l2 A-8le ; NCr A4n hLo be dc Iv>&lce u ~,CC-p6ss J'ez,6,A d]O, ,"" 4Y IX cltg. -- he 6Ikec A M ar_ j anll l c IAaCt I e k^ 14 is . [.luall C i laCj 424 gncL 'CK P sblr 6jae JaM Scar. c44 e-&1ll M IV # curvc-- 'CiC cea lnilfahl nJ Ike Lvoril-? iorn e xIet +641< IMtA LM II i d IE 10 0 4; 70 60 50 40 30 Solar Altitude, Degrees Figure 9.6 Equivalent sky luminance-clear sky (no direct sun). 0 10 20 80 efkcr-.. PAl*. 1 Tke, a horwzmALl 4 16Lr SOW fu.r 1AiSn 1JtIAct Co*L C padlJ a4 L 6 j4ii ,. Iw ...I 5t ... I,UIUJ i Iu sunaJ le r I - U I Ut I UUUU) 0 x 96.8(9000) = C 86.0(8000) I *C .. 75.3(7000) 53.8(5000) a 43.0(4000) 0 32.3(3000) 21.5(2000) 10.8(1000) N 0 x ;0 .... 7; n -0 irect Sun /L 5 -Clear = f U. _110--_ _ 7Z IJ a.: 64.5(6000) I, . irect Su ;/ Z ------- C ear Sky Dlus r P _ - 10 20 _ 30 ._ 40 _ 50 l I Sky_ :m l l. 60 Solar Altitude, Degrees Figure 9.7 Horizontal luminance-clear sky plus direct sun. - 1'9F- k a dax ,. 70 I80 L C. LumQn meTJOA , NJ oors) ihk fs Cnr er ckpprLs -; I I E Wobr~oi An CLS tL : x f- t ,t1l l 1t{ Kk lVm coe-Fic;en\ lss FcLCLr Esp) E l<y CO E worLplne Esun iec 1AJ sare on Wpe A AAT 1I 4 y) ( o p~n I z Jilizalimv KLA, IS" or slkyllKDs L\n IkQ adboe ido) A skyIlm-t E sl A vorkpla/Je - 20­ SlkyIII4 %C eqc rgCl x IACL Km Sa e ace A oaL cvr sk\~ ,' k/ E ELAL Eso Eshly 1OU 4AJ cot hSbOI "Y ,tJkLJe SLIOD VL, al-l oo I~m RsC-U >I Sb1,3 s nZ4~ nor needl or os9Iln V, J<l Ka* e x I CA, 1 4 coeWcicl of U lbo%. remhy -Ft 1 rne+ sleKav Taks 9 &fr Kv1L . ~too"Ao-c x f o, ~)4­ odc5A0o7 princs 4a am eeu I X( Rl -luzv [-Icto* \ow aLt IUx 0. 01 :- S-o"6 0~' Db ebit K Lt I< \s6 Va e 60 1 iy ia -21-4 X -- I, i ( /0, d. Lon-thq- ELmpirloc - IY\ -IM ancAL IWkxI| scu k IoFiA1 ) j IYAirce, pcirW Ckt rZmvm­ Aoor\E - (cS 4'ewa31IZacJs YrcJIcJ - Keuiret &)JalM gzj S p4rede The Ltuhse l& J a I+ e4J'calua" -5u aaJ sy, a1J PIm t c_ tG C~M~l L FMYK At S)~y cankA bi rLC ( Frt s~n~ se J .1 6o c,'vc, zun zL q u 5 rcin r Flsurezs g reS m-& ins X4 LnkfS E_ :fr1 E�Sq II E, 4 M;'st6% / ­ f I­ 2; A V E % C-3 , K l< r^ E sp: EY SQe l -!t3C I<kK< Morcdo CAREUL ! Adls 16 1t . s- K tvi os ~- awJ C>- ir c~ c,-z R1t runi JTKT- C Qj" uJillZ6110, I< rmZ0, d 6~el P 1a4 e'I &*- I ,LVI ac, JjR 6dk ovh 4l~u 4rij/-ji mzyx- ke At SrCALIS a LA cdZurS Cs' 1K¥ _ v D4A K CIX- SMALL _ ac (,)Iml CL xi-)LL 0.(01 - 0,02 Cs ' K, c TS A Eve, cc . cAA j , .C t)IM pcl4, F IcLYv(Af or3 c) Jl 102,AL)cIo kX saw ~, co­ ~~ 102, 8Oeb 61s, t) I W% am I 0. - I max (-Pt L A\ 120 -F ' Esp 4- -6ZI -PC El''z lq 30 3Z H E[r.'%A (PtC> Em.2 Cal zA­ ee rm & , 12 / L0 14 . r1mv &),cAmt If elua( fI 96o,aCD r, XI, :' LE9,L ' q, i: "'- -- ars,C Ik pOb Ja, , tI 0. 77, Jr c I 4 T -oc-e IrwfbLAf:e -7 E-,U t ""'A- fke,&e Co-7e- A. A / . 0,77 ( aikV 3rlt 1 En ; En I Cy ( CS 5Ie A.s IK C3 w 2 EJ CK'S - R ce K>-AI Km c 1-OLeggyV~f4i ric4 I anAJ yl/c, nol enmpi - o - Me cJlo s bF obkc hemsspkc n 52t E em.. ^ smm v u ao heintsp e poJn LbdlLs zrr IA-CN ppC4, I rhzre cpn&xA ha, 5k yA fof JL-Jtvo- cmJ rl T3F L Cpl ClL (53mpea4tS Du 6kYNL\/ E thls bi -J-- SC - ERC -,e IR¢C Sc - s epi £4) al t - I I ,2- 1" -. ---- --- 7 rc4 ) im aJf ReL 4 t Lt Src ptcrohuoL 19 Is L e lawer IcZ,cr'r Z)fl f,L Wird&B to rv,, 0, 1 Sc dc C fD 1S Asb sh6Ml. Ls5 Fpc tssel c lb - 2z ~zC afLcj I A,,Zgdc ,, cf> 6 lt)ht4lC( 1jf &Llf Is ,f ty FtC % 5T~ baA AC 45A Xtcln heSFkI , JIRCLA 1L ha IF o sc K Icre le csts are atij /r cdecr s CCWAs I,L VIS ,I, a"iOtatce, 0hiJ VIl Jl/f pVlerm4,,tcz -Mur ssu. s . fs~S /),, prec- VISOVl poF /ra C, b IsCert ,. tOAntcolotr alo ½ a rJlalJers * dlraclt fOF ti t prlj ent 0ens4 "onk occurs &hen pupi) diceler > 3nhtr a r nrn LQ0. % 14.- Iris Fu,,i r 2- 8 tmm amq4(zr V\. F2A. 8 'ar"a j 1l M 2. C Ilihr C '- t-If Io 6f I C] I M twat aC ]ADOt IU 4 '[ - ­ I z CM take 4'1eU l0*IAtcvCZ-a a. JIM In 11-4 1nle ri coron­ of. i1 t& ISca)efk fCr 1, a Qky~m - /J I 4 b lens anroarLnce isbI 11 s /&Z IOm)anVcc IQ. 4 ore prorouJczj fr 2a In Ajij small sorces 3. Sj6Ort. Scakerm, - 1)SP df also kInown (iforrz, IQAS, and Accn. di4lls1i/dce xj ve-l lA t * Scarecd IvMInCce OPLsz aJJs IV1n IAd~te aSl bacgmvvd., decrcaslg ckdmst -~ lbg 1II S ,TI re ClK r lt cCLLse nl4eJ aLbvOe Trats I \ 4 CLJet Lkeys D Ls com rcrr 1. z. -ecc L bl'rect - ce Will n J ax, ofteTcLLcJ csz rzc Iclare 2. a cO7-slar pvtJ \V/ L&u lI Co or b Ire arj IJ C; / r. ·Set m4rJ-ocJ ckcpker 8 Iur inan cje Feld Iurli I hgre ar\ cc aCgas c. Ach zercCsz 3cstr vieteLGave \ileed L.~WH Ik1 i L j-- Lc c: 1Z Lscos 5 cjal A c~ t celling - , - s oufrCes -5 r6alc Pt I tUOr a sA I lre I aA/ I - ok FellI I dorvl o, o-6e , I/ I ppOs -I­ o 1 -f 78 r 77ve iU^8Ce at V -- Sua IThe I lze 4It sI] ac garc source Ap '? I2 8 t /2 A A o-&6 Emp-r IiaI 1 , rr, tkt glara, Cc 1Ih solLcJd &ale 0I l zoAq cJ -L· Q s re ao-ykpllcdJpei 1 1 .2 Q o (steradians) -3­ 2 )<tX,2\/ t / 61) c -vJ cJaxC 0. 2 - 0. 7 5­ lu S ov-rcz ' rIAtOncC w /A verccz lumrinaAc ke d fse alrctda. If I Alraclm 4 Aee is czrJela [/L Le(ASR Ap dbtcrveron&J A 6v 4e, +C be i-a }DroJ t j I re J, Mt 10miaf-C IA- qI~f F c,.& l ie TE lore CA rert. i-e ImrIeAirz L- Arp IO f;T a, .~r source ¢CQ _ ~_ q o.s LQ pFo-44 VA ('Aqic of tke Ilare soupc 1',4 ca rc 5 CASLLII LaJ t CarQ 1A #')4 'JIM2 -4­ 4anli es pr c jJA 2 cnrat val clcrz preeasure : ALj s1 - SoSJt - - 4Or diSJcct aL 13rJle" co4Amf badA , I - 6J aura,6e obScrv/r - c:zat Luiv nc C ( VCC) I 1 a A 0I gure 8.22 w (steradians) BCD luminance versus source solid angle. Solid angle (steradians) 1ilvWha^GMC oF1ourcf Cone angle (degrees) 5.0 3.0 2.0 78.2 58.5 47.0 1.0 32.7 0.5 0.2 23.0 14.5 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.005 0.002 10.2 7.2 4.6 3.2 2.3 1.4 0.001 0.0001 1.0 0.3 Mluliple soarces ncec Experleet de IV n glare sansoacra SOVUrC Se M 6 M M Bi~,4C v 3)Ctr n aJ. cCIofrl 1 s0 .. t M, lb( R Z,(t\-,l r9au op tbFobserrs (\I p ) I1 rvA Fr+ r~cb6 1 3s44 107 obseva In 3S 100 VCP: K : 4 ) 0­ - .0914 aIlJ-1Jrt/, tI s J 15cO/Vfo4 glare eva nto ,een re/lwt,?54jp 2 10 observere anCdJ 48 1 l4A -Stdy wig ( ra\e -l,/,4ar 6. 374 1Pr Lb1A-ik 0 iyAfg11 K t,, 1.32.27 ClCe) conJiit e. k/ Jlk .D6 ¢ lJ,e r 1ES cr,I Fg IL r : rm Thke 74 IIC'j Al 2 mce 'Hi'm, coriJ JCl0jA > 70 1. VCP 2. o of RkCLA al/vrtu lrmalamnce ,5, ° < { -A, S c als S c/ 6,° 75°d For bo . IM ax/ rylory lcnykwl5e IL)M I a I M o& fimie ' 4J-r6 lv/rA ond crossats5e. va ir I unI laf Jo no cdAJ crosscs uolote IuIA i^a/ r c sC Ic-6n ihAR-tzlsszI leCAe CQ'S Ae xce 11a')Iy \J&1s A nle Fo lcrkcl -4\ b 73g 8 S- I lctsmuvnt L 771 C0 3840 2570 16 9 CCJ/Y z IES 0 Ala (; u lk (A Jal! l 1 JI or fl( .rQ rmciUJ) o, LQ P Fo 6g cLre SSCLjoz t 7 . 44 IES IK PL c1 q-l,F,~P \VCP #6r csnr+ F aFstV (lC AI . V k l/Mvrcocl 0-o 0Iol,o Is &h tLAO4C;I 310-ra lajay lecls LC uueftc I Iracor rproa, anC Luvns. n ITariainc. m IcrO 'CA- Iead's 14 S. IES form I dc'I rea ICL re 1, CT , I yj ajqX .for 7h_ a 3 ,OF J Ls C.6m t lar Jue 6Ike sky sean d agl /re te proJitzcL Frm. t,,,rvlh az Ka GJ,or, ke- (or n l I ]ars 5ourc z JqX MIn& Ia re K< o Ft -0073os £ Rak L, K1 ) I T- aryle J- forJposOA Cc,c r ba slJ 10- lol,o yllak~41,Lre 2 3 (CzL +k &r ke L sgFvrc-z, ptJilFeJ held d4 vlew 6; Ittj ex 14) (b4) 47or 20 ( )bserveA: reJer inlerance of 3g r Fr lv*sy,as fhqj Fx. a- cohtpacarble tJloz, a 1Am)v3 Saa sVkahmt , prLmdeJd ke 1am ndex ljkI Sl~ rCL C;oi 0o - ­ 5,s n-btg a1is rsult arecs fLc JwA dlata; LaA CacPC ith anoir, Wke-r a small 1ixse, arJ a) a 9he7v s pacl S6Lcq f_ Ae. , CA,,le Cu 1 obeWrr b TABLE VI - Comparison of Glare Indices for artificial light (IES GI) and daylight (DGI) Glare Citerion IES GI DGI Just imperceptible 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 Just uncomfortable Just intolerable . T paleem ,M c~p,,d; mt +e sly llr6,wLc-q. Just acceptable tie ccls/rr (F ISclkccll, Consider a rw. 12 12 6 t ra4 Cicac . . 6Ol4NO IS Tu#X perpeAJ lx Lr L daStsce O• W1 Figure 17- The relationshipbetween daylight-glare index andwindow sizefor sky luminancesbetween 1600 and 8900 cd/m2 . The window is viewedfrom a perpendiculardistance of 6m in a room of dimensions 12m x 12m x 6m. Resultsforaverage reflectance of 0.4 (17). r)/ II-"]: =2 fa L, or O. 4 8.90 cj/ 2 I crScZ S TsIO arnA cdorier - OTaslaAMry-e LS Sorro,4uAJg1 Sg 31 cnLrLer Str4;bcS sf rcas anr Ms '~InrAUr rs F If lLuMac 101 I20S SurronuAijs (excqpt 1F1 ecoraike) 46: A+ toobec Fr MPss Is iz,~lQ, -13 ­ o re s.1 S XLpro le ­ ker I F lo:1, . - JM/2 }NL -- Vm MJ1 $S I/ Z~ L -- Ion ej/mz tta 5S h - - ct Seo 1wc: ,Pz o.7 RatoO 2. t fee4 I\le IS aL ILw, 06, CM EC L J/K 1I, OT - pMUlP Fc1m- 6 -S NJ 3 6,1 V M l,,-/a -, 2 SraIOa 0 : b SerVA S tzL L4s 9L4k\1" k R hr - / t zI ut czeA~ ale %.Ae a Ilraxq, wb Ad At \iA as< _ eectd TplellyS I11 v K, r, a Lwa~L Ca ekcA1 44) 7 Is I1 Ljfl 5ue 4efs IFLLLe ; aretkrm 7 S[",JD VI4e iJ a RnpF spaeeZt Lb P? Ii# Jc 3 s eear 1 pltrN I*" rtn VJ XK OwMJ cavdV-5ta': rveles I 6L" LMA&WM 3~U~gI maize aC I SC4ALN. IAl 15,46x-