A study of the correlation of the characters of barley
by John Edward Hodgskiss
A THESIS Presented For the Degree of Master of Science
Montana State University
© Copyright by John Edward Hodgskiss (1913)
Abstract:
no abstract found in this volume A STUDY OP THE COBHHLATIOZi OP THE
CHARACTERS OF BARLEY.
by
John Edwprd ilo d g sk ieo .
* ***
A THESIS
Preoentcd For the Bepree o f
Haeter o f T cien o e.
****
1913
* * * *
Hontana S ta te C o lle g e,
Bozeman, Hontana,
Archives
rJsli
HW/'
A "TJjY 3?
roHRElATIOE 3P THE
CHARACTERS OF BARLEY.
Thie Btudy Iti made fo r the ^uri'Otie of
fin d in g whether c o r r e la tio n s are p r e se n t in
variout: ch rrrotoro of h r r le y and a ls o fo r the study
o f c o r r e la tio n in g e n e r a l.
U n til r e c e n tly
p r a c t ic a lly n o th in ' hro
been done a lo n t t h is l i n e ,
e s p e c ia ll y w ith b a r le y .
.ov,ever, we fin d sone
a t te n t io n has been paid to the c o r r e la tio n o f n it r o ­
gen co n te n t, M ea lin ess, c o lo r
f f r a in and p e le a e ,
I e n fth and th ic k n e ss o f in te r n o d e s, fin e n e s s of h u ll,
PV errfe w o ifh t per k e r n e l, and le n f t h of head.
; o st of t h i s was done b efo re ti e modern s t a t i s t i c a l
: cthod was in tr o d u ce d .
C o r r e la tio n , a cco rd in g to
octo r I e V ries ,
i s the name riv en to re g u la r co in c id e n c es o f
ap p aren tly independent ch a ra c te rs end n a r k s.
Davenport8 d e fin e s i t ,
na
c o r r e la tio n r e fe r s to th a t
in t e r r e la t io n between se p a r a te ch a ra cters by which
they te n d , in 6 one d egree, to move to g e th e r .
By
stu d yin g the in s ig n if ic a n t ch a ra cters o f a p la n t , a
way mey be shown in which they nay in d ic a te an
in c r e a se or d ecrcaeo in the q u a li t ie s o f a more
v a lu a b le or commercial ch aracter or an in d ic a tio n
of the y i e l d .
A ch a ra cter which may be e a s i l y
seen or measured may f i v e an in d ic a tio n o f the
valu e o f a ch aracter which can not be e a s i l y exam­
ined .
C o rr ela tio n s may be fu rth er v a lu a b le in
th a t they may enable Judfment to be passed on the
probable ch aracter o f th e product w h ile the p la n ts
are s t i l l y Ounfr.
Thit i s e s p e c ia lly tru e o f
b ie n n ia l, lik e su fn r b e e t s , and p ere n n ia l p la n ts
l i k e f r u it t r e e s .
I t w i l l a ls o aid in th e o r ig in ­
a t io n o f new hybrid v a r i e t ie s by the p h y s io lo g ic a l
m a n ife s ta tio n s between the predominant and h e LcrOiiygate.
The r e la t io n between th ese ch a ra cters
i s in d ic a te d by the c o e f f i c i e n t o f c o r r e la tio n in
t h is method.
Two c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s o f c o r r e la tio n s have
been brought fo r th .
Doctor Vebberv d iv id e s
c o r r e la tio n s in to environm ental, m orp h ological,
p h y s io lo g ic a l, and c o h c r i t a l .
Environm ental, as
the name im p lie s, d e a ls w ith c o r r e la tio n s a ffe c te d
by environm ent, a s f e r t i l i t y o f s o i l compared to
prowth o f pI r n t .
th o s
Ilo r p h o lo c ica l c o r r e la tio n s r r e
whore a v a r ia tio n in one ch aracter i s the
very cause o f v a r ia tio n s in an oth er, ee w ith the
in c r e a s e in s i z e o f the p;ern in corn th e re i s an
in c r e a se in the o i l c o n te n t.
P h y s io lo g ic a l
c o r r e la tio n s are explainable by w e ll reco g n ized
phy;. i o l o f i e a l p r in c ip le s , as ex cess o f l e a f p ro­
d u ction in tobacco i s c o r r e la te d w ith la ck o f seed
p ro d u ctio n .
A c o h e r it a l ch aracter i s d efin ed as
th o se r e la te d to and dependent upon each oth er in
such a way th a t they are in h e r ite d to g e th e r .
"he
other c l a s s i f i c a t i o n proposed Ie that by Doctor
East 4 .
Here, c o r r e la tio n s are c l a s s i f i e d os
som atic and g a m etic.
"he som atic combines the
environm ental and m orphological c o r r e la tio n s oS
Webber, and the gam etic c o n s is t s of c o h e r ita l and
p h y s io lo g ic a l c o r r e la t io n s .
he w r ite r p r e fe r s
the c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f Webber and d e a ls w ith the
p h y s io lo g ic a l c o r r e la tio n s in t h is work.
B a rley i s one o f the most prominent
c e r e a ls in the U nited 't a t o s .
At the p resen t tim e,
i t ranks fo u rth in production and i u
been alm ost phenomir.al.
in c r e a se has
I t has been grown from
the e a r l i e s t tim es and was most prominent u n t il the
in tr o d u ctio n o f o a ts when i t s p roduction and im port­
ance decreased .
In 1866, 1 1 , -'.83 , 807 b u sh els o f
b a rley were produced, a t which time i t ranked s ix t h
araonf the c e r e a ls ; but in 1912, by o u tstr ip p in g
buckwheat and ry e, b a rle y rose to fo u rth p la c e w ith
the p rod uction of 2 2 3 ,8 2 4 ,0 0 0 b u s h e ls .
wenty
tim es as much was produced in 1912 as in 1866, thus
makinp a much la r g e r gain than any o th 'r c e r e a l.
7 h e e t, I t s c l o s e s t r i v a l , gained ten tim es in p ro ­
d uction w ith in th e erne p e r io d .
For a l l p r a c t ic a l purposes, b a rle y may
be c l a s s i f i e d in to six-row ed and two-rowed ty p e s .
I t may a ls o be classified a ccord in g to c o lo r o f
grain and in to brewing and m altin g b a r le y s .
Some
have su g g ested c l a s s i f y i n g i t a s to the p ercentage
o f p r o te in c o n te n t,
of six -r o w e d .
,Ve have two d i s t i n c t typ es
rhey are the round six -ro w ed ,
(Hordeito hel n e t i chon) In which the s p lk e lo t s
appear as i f r n d ia te ly arranged upon the r e c h is
g iv in g the head a round form, as in th e Utah
in te r
and the square six -ro w ed , which i s co/.monly c a lle d
-four-rowed (Hordeum v u lg a rc ) .
The head assumes
—5 —
a square form and it-, sometimes known as th e Man­
churian ty p e, which com prises n in e t y - f iv e p ercen t
o f the six-row ed b a r le y s grown in the United
S ta te s.
Two types o f two-rowed b a rle y are c u l t i ­
vated in the United S t a t e s .
One has a lon g
sle n d e r head which bends over or nods when r i p e .
C h evalier b a rley i s a t y p ic a l example and in c id e n t ­
a l l y i s the type used in t h i s stu d y .
F u lly n in e ty
p ercen t o f th e two-rowed b a r le y grown in the United
S ta te s i s o f t h is type and is t y p ic a l o f th e
Hordeum d is tic h o n group.
The other type has
broad, sh o r t, e r e c t heads w ith awne sometimes spread­
in g .
A good example i s the Primus v a r ie t y .
th e se ty p e s, su b -ty p es might be made.
From
'he two awn-
Ioeo ty p es er e th e hooded and th e new hybrid aw nlese
v a r ie t y , A rlin gton a v m lees, both o f the Hordeum
vu lgare group.
Three ty p es o f h u lle s s b a rley are
( I ) six-row ed bearded h u ll e s s ,
(2) two-rowed bearded
h u l l e s s , and (5 ) six-row ed hooded h u l l e s s .
The v a r ie ty of b a rle y used in t h is stu d y
i s the Hew Zealand two-rowed C h evalier b a r le y .
"his b a rley b elon gs to th e two-rowed ty p e , known as
th e Hordeua d ltitio h o n which has a Io n f sle n d e r
head bonding over when r ip e .
Peefi was obtained
from the Iiontana S ta te C o lleg e Experiment S ta tio n
and was p la n ted on the c o lle g e experim ent form in
Bozeman. Hon tana, on Hay 1 8 th , 191;., in rows
tw elve in ch es apart and in d iv id u a l se ed s s i x in ch es
apart in th e row s.
u p.
On Eay P8th, th e p la n ts came
fThey wore ir r ig a te d July 18th , and ten clays
l a t e r headed o u t.
On 'eptenbor 27th, th ey were
p u lle d up and la b e le d acco rd in g to the number o f
row and s it u a t io n in row.
Bach p la n t was t ie d
s e p a r a te ly and a l l th e p la n ts in the sane row wore
t ie d in a b u n d le.
The bundles were hung up in
th e c o lle g e granary w ith heads hanging down u n t i l
u se d .
Three hundred and seven p la n ts c o n s is t in g
o f 4,609 culms were examined.
"lie in d iv id u a l
p la n t i s taken a s a u n it end n ot the in d iv id u a l
culm as i s done by some i n v e s t ig a t o r s .
however,
each culm was examined s e p a r a te ly and recorded
a c c o r d in g ly .
A ll measurements were made in
cen tim eters and a l l w eigh ts in grams.
-7-
"'he following" data were o b ta in e d :
1.
!!umber o f culms recorded c o n siste d o f
the number o f culms examined e x c lu s iv e o f the
preen culms which were so green as not to be o f
any econom ical v a lu e .
2.
The le n g th o f culm was measured from the
base o f the culm to the apex of the s p ik e .
3.
"'he le n g th o f head was measured from the
f i r s t b a sa l s p ik e le t to the t i p o f th e l a s t s p i k e l e t .
4.
The number o f k ern els per culm included
a l l k e r n e ls produced, th o se m issin g b ein g c a lc u la t e d .
5.
"he rudim entary s p ik e le t s c o n sis te d o f
th o se only at the base o f the head.
6.
"he number o f s p ik e le t s c o n siste d o f a l l
e p lk e le t o , whether rudim entary or o th e r w ise .
In
the case o f t h is typ e o f b a rle y , th ere i s only one
k ern el fo r each s p i k e l e t .
"hue, th e only d i f f e r ­
ence between th e number o f k ern els and the number
of s p ik e le t s i s th a t th e number o f rudim entary
s p ik e le t s in added to th e number o f k ern els to g iv e
—8 —
the number o f s p ik e le t e .
7.
he average w eight per k ern el was ob­
tain ed by d iv id in g the t o t a l w eight o f k ern els
p resen t by the t o t a l number o f k ern els per p la n t
e x c lu s iv e o f th o se m issing*
8.
T otal w eight o f k ern els per p la n t was
obtained by adding to the r e s u lt o f th e t o t a l
w eight o f k e r n e ls p r e s e n t, the r e s u lt obtained
from m u ltip ly in g the w eigh t per k ern el by the num­
ber o f k ern els m issin g .
9.
The w eight o f k ern els per culm was ob­
ta in ed by d iv id in g the co rrected t o t a l w eigh t by
th e number of culms examined.
*
In a l l o f the above c a lc u la t io n s , whole
numbers were used e n t ir e ly , except in the case o f
rudimentary s p ik e le t s and average w eight per k er­
n e l in the f i n a l averaged r e s u l t .
For th e se two
c a s e s , i t is ca rried out to the third decim al
p la c e .
When the a d d itio n a l number i s above
f i v e , one was added to the p reced in g number, but
i f i t was below f i v e , i t was d iscarded and n o th in g
-9 —
added to th e p reced in g number.
^hiB eame r u le
was a p p lie d in a l l c a lc u la tio n s in the c o r r e la tio n
t a b le s .
A ll d eterm in a tio n s are ca rried a c c u r a t­
e ly to the th ir d decim al p la c e ,u s in g the fo u rth
number in th e eame way as a b ove.
Prom th e above n in e ch a ra cters stu d ie d ,
a number o f the most im portant c o r r e la tio n s were
stu d ie d fo r th e purpose o f determ ining i f th ere
are any r e la t io n s between c e r ta in ch a ra cters o f
the b a r le y p la n t .
r,he fo llo w in g p o in ts were con sid ered :
I.
The c o r r e la tio n s between the number o f
culms per p la n t as su b je c t and the fo llo w in g
ch a ra c te rK as r e la t iv e : the le n g th o f culm, number
o f k ern els per culm, w eight per k e r n e l,
i^ otal
w eight o f k ern els per p la n t , w eight o f k ern els per
culm and average number o f rudim entary s p ik e le t s
per culm.
As the number o f culms per p la n t in ­
c r ea se s i s th ere an in c r e a se or d ecrea se in th e
le n g th of culm, number of k e r n e ls , w eight per k er­
n e l, t o t a l w eigh t o f k e r n e ls or y i e l d , w eigh t o f
k ern els per culm or y ie ld per culm, and number of
rudim entary s p ik e le ts ?
- 10-
2.
The c o r r e la tio n s between the le n r th o f
culm as su b je c t and th e fo llo w in g ch a ra cters as
r e l a t i v e : number of s p ik e le t e per culm, average
w eight per k e r n e l, number o f rudim entary s p ik e le t s
per culm, t o t a l w eight of k ern els per p la n t, a v e r ­
age w eight o f k ern els p -r culm, le n g th o f head,
and number o f k ern els per culm.
'hat i s , do the
number o f s p ik e le t s in c r e a se or d ecr ea se , do the
k ern els beco:io sm aller or la r g e r , do the number
o f rudimentary s p ik e le t s in c r e a se or d ecr ea se ,
does the y ie ld per p la n t in c r e a s e , does the y ie ld
per culm in c r e a s e , do the heads become lo n g er or
sh o r te r , and does th e number o f k ern els per culm
in c r e a se w ith the in c r e a se in the le n g th o f culm*
3.
The c o r r e la tio n o f th e le n g th o f head as
su b je c t and th e fo llo w in g r e la t iv e o h ? m e te rs :
number o f rudim entary s p ik e le t s , average w eight
per k e r n e l, number o f k ern els and t o t a l w eight o f
k e r n e l.
In oth er words, does th e le n g th of
head g iv e an in d ic a tio n o f the number o f rudim ent­
ary sp ik o lo tG , of the in d iv id u a l w eight per k ern el
o f the numbers o f
o f the plant.v
e r n e ls per culm or o f the y ie ld
-11-
4.
"he c o r r e la tio n o f the e u l j e c t lv e char­
a c te r , number o f k e r n e ls, and the r e l a t i v e char­
a c t e r s , average w eight per k e r n e l, number o f r u d it
mentary s p ik e le t e per culm and the t o t a l w eight of
k e r n e ls per p la n t, the la r g e s t k e r n e ls , the la r g ­
e s t number o f rudim entary s p ik e le t e , end la r g e s t
y ie ld p resen t where th ere i s a la r g e r number o f
k ern els?
5.
The c o r r e la tio n between th e average
w eight per k ern el as su b je c t and th e average
w eight o f k ern els per culm and th e t o t a l w eight
o f k ern els per p la n t a s r e la t iv e were next con­
s id e r e d ,
Are th e la r g e r k ern els from the heav­
i e s t y ie ld in g culms and from the h e a v ie s t y i e l d ­
in g p la n ts?
6.
The c o r r e la tio n o f th e number o f r u d i­
mentary o p ik e le ts per culm as su b je c t was d e te r ­
mined w ith the t o t a l w eight o f k e r n e ls per p la n t
as th e r e l a t i v e .
Does the number o f rudim ent­
ary s p ik o le t s g iv e an in d ic a tio n as to the y ie ld
o f th e p lant?
-12-
Dne to the Irck o f work done on b e r le y
by the modern s t a t i s t i c a l method, r e fe r e n c e s w i l l
be made to work done on wheat and o- t s by the
most prominent p la n t b r e e d e r s.
Comparison b e­
tween t h e ir work and th e w r ite r s w i l l be made as
the d is c u s s io n o f the c o r r e la tio n s are taken up.
R eferen ces are made to work done w ith oats by
L eig h ty 5, Valdron5, Love7, and Humbert8 , and w ith
wheat by ,aId ron5 , R obertsy and Heyers
! e ig h t y used 500 R ixty Bay oat p la n ts
composed o f 1974 culm s.
Ith a ca , IIew York.
The work was done in
Waldron did h is work in
North Lakoto on measurements o f 1 ,0 0 0 oat culms
and on w heat.
Love a t Ith a ca , Hew York, in
stu d yin g the la r g e and sm a ll grain q u e stio n ,
worked w ith d if f e r e n t v a r i e t i e s and sowed hand
picked s e e d .
R oberts o f Manhattan, Kansas,
worked w ith v a rio u s s t r a in s o f w heat.
Meyers
stu d ied th e " E ffect o f F e r t i l i t y upon V a ria tio n
and C o rr ela tio n in
/h ea tV
Dawson's Golden
Chaff Wheat was grown dm s o i l s o f d if f e r e n t d egrees
of f e r t i l i t y .
These s o i l s wore sand, ordinary
garden s o i l w ithout trea tm en t, and th e same
garden s o i l w ith e ig h ty tons o f manure and n ine
hundred pounds of acid phosphate per a c r e .
Hmabert worked w ith two l i n e s o f wheat d esig n a ted
as Line k and Line B.
Eight hundred end tw enty-
f iv e culms were used in Line A and four hundred
end s i x culms in Line 3.
This work was done
a t C ornell and has not been p u b lish ed , but has
been mentioned by L e ig h ty .
C o rr ela tio n D ata.
In answer t o the q u estio n whether th ere
i s a lo n g er culm found w ith the la r g e r number o f
culm s, Table Ho. I i s g iv e n .
The c o r r e la tio n
0 .1 8 E t 0 .0 3 7 , shows the r e la t io n between the
number o f culms per p la n t and th e le n g th o f culm.
This c o r r e la tio n i s not very h igh and i t can on ly
be said th at t a l l p la n ts are more l i a b l e to be
p resen t where the g r e a te s t amount of t i l l e r i n g
o cc u r s.
A g re a t dependence can not be put on
t h is c o r r e la tio n a s the c o e f f i c i e n t o f v a r i a b i l ­
i t y , 3 8 .8 3 0 2 1 .2 0 5 , i s high as w e ll as the
standard d e v ia tio n , 7.0 3 8 2 0 .1 9 2 , o f the number
o f culm s.
'^ho standard d e v ia tio n o f the le n g th
-14-
o f culm i« G t i l l h irh er w ith 8.686 t 0 .2 4 2 ,
hut the v a r i a b i l i t y c o e f f i c i e n t i s low, b ein g
9 .4 4 8
0 .2 5 7 .
Roberts in stu d y in g wheat
found a c o r r e la tio n o f 0 .2 8 1 0 , but th e d i f f e r ­
ence between t h i s c o r r e la tio n and the w r ite r s
nay be due to the f a c t th a t R oberts used wheat
w h ile b a rle y ie d e a lt w ith in t h is paper.
/
TABLi:; KO. I , C o r r e la tio n between number o f culms per p lan t
and le n g th of culm.
(
r - 0 .1 8 2 * 0 . 0 3 7 )
::
Number o f culms p er p la n t.
:55
Length of culm in ce n tim eter s
56
6l
6^
67
68
70
71
73
74
76
77
79
80
82
63
85
86
88
89
91
92
94
I
2
3
2
6
7
4
5
I
1
1
I
2
5
6
6
8
4
I
I
I
I
2
1-3
4-6
'/-9
10-12
I
13-15
16-18
19-21
22-24
25-27
28-30
31-33
34-36
37-39
40-42
43-45 :
otals : 1 0
62
64
I
I
I
I
1
1
1
2
I
98
ICO
101 104 107 HO :
103 106 109 112 zT otals
2
1
I
I
95
I
3
I
3
3
3
1
I
2
2
2
4
I
4
2
I
I
I
4
I
4
7
3
I
5
7
8
4
4
3
4
I
I
I
3
2
3
7
7
13
4
6
I
I
5
5
13
9
5
I
I
3
5
5
4
4
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
0
1 0
2
3
6
8
11
19
22 _ J i _ 36
41
49
38
30
7
2
4
6
16
36
47
64
51
24
29
12
6
6
3
0
I
307
In 'able Y.o» Zt the c o r r e la tio n b e­
tween th e number o f culme per p la n t and the number
o f k e r n e ls per culm i s 0 .1 0 2 j- 0 .0 3 8 . which i s
ra th er low*
Nothing d e f i n i t e can be drawn
from t h i s , fu r th e r than the f a c t th a t a la r g e
number o f k ern els i s ju s t a s apt to be found on
a p la n t w ith few or many culm s.
'Ihe standard
d e v ia tio n o f the number o f culms i s 2 .4 0 4 ± 0 .0 6 5
and th e c o e f f i c i e n t o f v a r i a b i l i t y i s 8.1 4 6 *
0 .2 2 2 .
Both are ra th er low .
"he c o r re­
la t io n i s more dependable in t h is case than in
a b le Ho. I , as th e standard d e v ia tio n and c o e f f i c ­
ie n t o f v a r i a b i l i t y i s low er fo r number o f k ern els
than fo r le n g th o f oulm, but s t i l l on account o f
i t b ein g high f o r th e number of culm s, th e c o r r e ­
l a t io n can not be much r e lie d upon.
R oberts
found a c o r r e la tio n o f 0.1805 and a r r iv e s a t th e
same co n clu sio n as the w r it e r s .
! e ig h t y , work­
in g w ith o a ts , fin d s a c o r r e la tio n o f 0 .4 2 2 6
0.0248 and concludes that as th e number o f culms
in c r e a s e , the number o f k e r n e ls borne by each
culm in c r e a s e s .
The d iffe r e n c e in th e c e r e a l
used may be due to the d if f e r e n t r e s u lt s a g a in .
TABLK BO. 2 .
(
C o r r e la t io n "between nuEiber o f culm s p e r p la n t and
number o f k e r n e ls p e r cu lm .
r = 0 .1 0 2 * 0 .0 3 8 )
Lumber o f k e r n e ls oer culm
24
Xyrnter ,o f ..cu^raa j>^reJ ilujit
122
26
I
10-12 : I
:2
1
1 9 -2 1
2 2-24
25-27
3
2
I
1
I
2
3
1
3
I
1
1
I
2
I
2
3
I
2 8 -3 0
3
4
I
4
I
28
3
1
4
5
3
7
2
2
I
2
I
31-33
34-36
37-39
4 0 - 42
4 1 - 45
:'i o t a ls
27
1
1-3
4—6
7 -9
11:11
25
I
I
I
29
30
3
4
5
8
12
2
3
2
2
5
11
14
12
5
9
1
I
1
1
2
7
8
16
9
4
12
2
3
2
I
I
31
32
33
I
I
5
6
7
7
3
2
3
2
2
3
3
I
2
2
34
I
I
1
I
:
:
:
I
3
2
9
-J J -
12
16 __22_ 39 _ 6 l _ 66 - J 6
-17-
3 5 :T o ta ls
:
4
:
4
:
6
: 16
: 38
: 47
I : 64
: 51
: 24
: 29
: 12
:
6
:
6
15
3
3
0
I
I : 307
A c o r r e la tio n o f -0 .1 5 7 ^ 0 .0 5 6 Ie
^hown In
a b le Ho* «5* tvliere the number o f on Ins
Per p la n t i s correlator! w ith the average nunbsr
o f rudim entary s p ik e le t e per culm.
This i n ­
d ic a t e s th a t th e la r f e r number o f rudim entary
s p ik e le t s i s more o fte n found on the p la n ts which
t ille r le a s t.
"he standard d e v ia tio n fo r the
number o f rudim entary ^ p ik e le ts i s 0 .3 1 0 i 0 .0 0 9 ,
which i s lo w .
The c o e f f ic ie n t o f v a r i a b i l i t y
i s 2 4 .031 jt 0 .6 9 , whi h i s a l i t t l e M f h .
The
v a r i a b i l i t y o f the two ch a ra cters d isc u sse d i s
ra th er h igh so no g re a t dependence can be placed
on th e above c o r r e la t io n .
TABL . }»0. 3 .
C o r r e la t io n b etw een number o f culm s p e r p la n t
and number o f ru d im en tary s p i k e l e t s p e r cu lm .
( r = -0 .1 5 7 * O.O3 8 ) .
tim ber o f Rudimentary s p ik e le t s per culm.
J•35 .4 5 .5 5 .65 •75 .85 .9 5 1 .0 5 1 .1 5 1 .2 5 1 .3 5 1 .4 5 1 .5 5 I .65 1.75 1.85 1.95 2.05
: .4 4 .5 4 .6 4 .7 4 .8 4 jsjil 104 1 .1 4 1 .2 4 1 .3 4 1.44 1 .5 4 1 .6 4 I .7 4 1 .8 4 1 .9 4 2 .0 4 2 .1 4
♦»
§
H
O,
OJ
tim ber o f culms
P.
I
7-9 : I
10-12 :
: I
:
19-21 :
22-24 :
25-2? :
28-30
I
Illl
I
I
I
I
2
I
I
2
2
3
2
3
5
7
2
3
1
31-33
34-36
I
I
I
7
2
2
2
I
I
37-39
40-42
43-45
T o ta ls : 2
I
4
2
3
2
12
4
3
5
2
1
2
I
2
4
5
6
4
6
5
2
1
-5
10
8
5
6
1
2
I
12
7
I
3
6
8
6
5
5
2
2
3
3
1
1
I
2
3
3
2
4
I
2
I
5
1
4
2
I
I
I
4
2
4
I
I
I
2
6
16
I
I
5
I
I
1
2
I
1
5
6
_ 2 l. 24
37
38
47
64
51
24
29
12
6
6
2
I
3
0
1
1
0
Totals
29
39
-1 9 ”
17
16
14
9
4
I
_ J 22_____
-20-
Again, a c o r r e la tio n o f -0 ,1 6 4 ^
0.037 i s recorded in
a b le Ho. 4 , in which the
number o f c u lm per p la n t i e c o r r e la te d w ith
the average w eigh t per k e r n e l.
I t i s hero
shown th at the la r g e r k ern els are moro o fte n
on th e p la n ts w ith the le a s t t i l l e r i n g .
The
standard d e v ia tio n o f th e average w eight per
k ern el i s 0*005 jt 0 .0 0 0 , and th e v a r i a b i l i t y
c o e f f i c i e n t i s 15.158
0 ,3 6 4 .
Both o f th o se
are f a i r l y low so more dependence can be placed
in t h is than any c o r r e la tio n so fa r d is c u s s e d ,
! e ig h ty found a very low c o r r e la tio n o f 0 .0003
± 0.0302 in th is case and b e lie v e s th at la r g e
k e r n e ls arc obtained about e q u a lly from p la n ts
w ith many or few culm s.
Iteyers found in the
wheat e own or. ordinary s o i l a c o r r e la tio n o f
0 .0 1 3 + 0 .0 3 2 and on the sandy s o i l 0 .3 0 1 ±
0 .0 2 7 .
On candy s o i l s , a g re a t d e a l o f
v a r i a b i l i t y occurs and t h i s c o r r e la tio n can not
be depended upon.
From th e s e r e s u l t s , i t may
be concluded th a t th e number o f culms has l i t t l e
or n oth in g to do w ith th e s ia e o f k e r n e ls .
TABL I NO, 4 ,
C o r r e la t io n b etw een number o f culm s p e r
p la n t and a v era g e w e ig h t p e r k e r n e l.
( r s - 0 .1 6 4 ♦ 0 .0 3 7 ) .
Weight per k e r n e l in grams.
1-3
4-6
7 -9
10-12
I
3
I
2
I
1 6-18
19-21
22-24
25-27
28-30
31-33
34-30
37-39
40-42
4 3 -3 5
T o ta ls
.025 .028
.027 .030
3
1
I
2
I
3
I
2
2
2
2
.0 3 1
.033
2
3
3
10
6
3
3
3
.0 3 4
.036
3
7
8
10
11
5
8
5
2
2
I
.037
.039
2
I
2
8
10
21
13
9
4
2
I
2
.040
.042
4
6
10
12
11
2
9
.043
.0 4 5
.046
.048
I
I
5
6
4
5
1
2
2
4
2
3
I
2
.049
.051
.052
.054
.055
.057
I
4
2
I
3
16
6
1
I
I
7
19
35
61
75
-2 1 -
38
!I
51
24
29
2
2
I
12
1
2
T o ta ls
NO ND C O O H l
Number o f culms per p la n t
.022
.0 2 4
25
14
7
I
2
307
-22-
A ra th er high c o r r e la tio n e x i s t s b e­
tween th e number of culms per p la n t and t o t a l
w eigh t o f k e r n e ls ,
to be 0 .8 2 3 * 0 .0 1 2 .
Table Ho. 5 chows t h i s
On account o f th e high
standard d e v ia tio n o f 7 .2 3 0 + 0 .1 9 7 and c o ­
e f f i c i e n t v a r i a b i l i t y o f 43.348 ± 1 .3 6 4 in the
t o t a l w eight o f k ern els and 7.038 -t 0 .1 9 2 and
3 8 .8 3 0 2 I «205 r e s p e c t iv e ly o f the number o f
culm s, a g rea t dependence can n ot be put upon
th e a b so lu te tr u th o f t h is c o r r e la t io n .
How­
ever , th e c o r r e la tio n i s eo h igh th a t no other
c o n clu sio n can be drawn but th a t a la r g e r
number o f culms w i l l g iv e a la r g er y ie ld per
p la n t .
L eigh ty lik e w is e fin d s a h igh c o r r e ­
la t io n o f 0.8496 t 0 .0084 and a rriv ed a t the
sane co n clu sio n
TABLh BO. 5*
( r
C o r r e la tio n between number o f culms per p la n t
and t o t a l w eight o f k e r n e ls per p la n t.
: 0 .8 3 2 ♦ 0 .0 1 2 )
T o ta l w eight o f k ern els in grams.
+»
§
r-4
Pi
fH
V
Pi
W
S
1—1
3
O
V-I
O
k
(D
aI
n
V-9
10-12
I
3
4
6
3
5
I
I
8
3
1
1
16-18
19-21
2 2-24
25-27
28-30
31-33
3 4-36
37-39
40-42
4 3 -4 5
T o ta ls
7
9
5
9
5
1
I
10
12
I
14
14
7
2
I
13
15
2
8
15
22
10
2
1
2
I
16
18
3
11
19
12
4
1
19
21
I
10
14
4
7
22
24
5
9
5
7
2
1
f
_ 2_
14
21 39
25
27
2
7
8
5
I
2
28
30
31
33
I
I
2
3
3
2
I
1
34
36
27
39
40
42
4
6
16
IR
47
6A
ETl
V
-L
24
29
12
6
2
1
1
1
I
28
-2 3 -
26
6
•3
A
V
1
i X . 51 - J l
T o ta ls
I
8
6
3
2
I
307
Tatilc Bo. 6, shows a c o r r e la tio n o f
-0 .1 1 1 t 0 .0 5 8 between the number o f culms per
p la n t and w eigh t o f k ern els per culm.
Troia
t h i s . I t m y be concluded th a t th ere i s g en er­
a l l y a sm a lle r y ie ld per culm in p la n ts w ith a
la r g e number o f
culm s.
This c o r r e la tio n i s
not h igh and i s not a lto g e th e r dependable.
The standard d e v ia tio n fo r w eight o f k ern els
per culm i s 0 .2 0 0 + 0 .0 0 5 which i s low and the
c o e f f i c i e n t o f v a r i a b i l i t y i s 1 7 .9 5 5 ± 0 .5 0 5 ,
b ein g f a i r l y low .
But the number o f culms
i s not very uniform and thus makes the
c o r r e la tio n somewhat l e s s v a lu a b le ,
L oifh ty
found a c o r r e la tio n o f 0.4005 Jti 0 .0 2 5 3 w ith
o a ts and R oberta, 0.8345 w ith w heat,
Both,
th e r e fo r e , b e lie v e th a t th ere i s a la r g e r y ie ld
per culm w ith th e in c r e a se in ’ ho number of
culm s.
w id e ly .
The th ree c o r r e la tio n s g iv en vary
That so g r e a t a d iffe r e n c e i s due to
i s a q u e stio n .
Two probable rea so n s are the
d iff e r e n c e s in crop used and th e d if f e r e n t con­
d it io n s under which the p la n ts were grown bb to
—2 4 ~ i i
f e r t i l i t y and c u lt iv a t io n .
Due to the fa c t th at th ere i s both
a la r g o standard d e v ia tio n and c o e f f ic ie n t o f
v a r i a b i l i t y , no g re a t dependence can be put
on th e se c o r r e la tio n s ac t h is ch a ra cter
v a r ie s a g r e a t d e a l.
e x is ts .
Hot ouch u n ifo rm ity
Only one p o s it iv e f a c t can be
drawn I w ith the la r g e r number o f culm s, there
i s a la r g e r y i e l d .
This i s what i s d e s ir e d .
T i lle r in g Is a ch a ra cter th a t should be im­
proved .
The s l i g h t d isad van tages shown by
th e c o r r e la tio n s are o f f s e t by the s li g h t
advantages in th e o t h r c o r r e la t io n s .
TA>'L-u NO. 6 .
( r
C o r r e la t io n "between number o f culm s p e r
p la n t and w e ig h t o f k e r n e ls p e r cu lm .
. - 0 . 111+ 0 . 0 3 8 ).
welfldbt o f k ern els ner culm in grams
.83 .93
.92 I .0 2
.63
.72
-P
S
r~i
A
*
1-3
4-6
7 -9
* 10-12
p,
13-15
16-16
;
19-21
I
H
3 I 22-24
O • 25-27
U * 28-30
0 %
31-33
U 2 34-36
a I 37-39
I % 40-42
SZ5 : 43-45
U
O
I T o ta ls
I
2
2
2
3
2
I
1
1
3
1
1
1
2
5
4
3
4
5
2
4
I
2
2
1 .0 3
1 .1 2
1 .1 3
1 .2 2
1 .2 3
1 .3 2
1 .3 3
1 .4 2
I
I
4
5
7
19
18
7
5
3
I
I
I
5
5
10
5
4
7
2
2
I
I
I
2
2
5
7
7
4
3
2
I
I
I
I
10
14
11
8
4
9
4
1
2
3
4
7
4
1 .4 3
1 .5 2
I
5
1
1
1
U l
2
1
3
1 .6 3
1 .7 2
I
U l
I
1
T o ta ls
4
6
16
38
4?
64
51
24
29
12
6
6
3
0
I
I
13
7
35
62
72
-25-
44
19
9
__ jL
I
I
307
-So-
In Cable Ho. 7. the le n g th o f ouln
Is c o r r e la te d w ith the le n g th o f head.
c o r r e la tio n found was 0«#€9 ^ 0 .0 3 6 .
"he
This
in d ic a t e s th a t a lon ger head Ie found on the
ta lle r
p la n t s .
Although th e c o r r e la tio n
i s not h ig h , i t racy he termed as f a i r l y high
and p o s it iv e enough to ho h e lp fu l in s e l e c t ­
io n .
Both th e c o e f f i c i e n t s o f v a r i a b il it y
are low, b ein g 9 .4 4 8 t 0 .2 5 7 and 9 .1 5 6 +
0.249 fo r th e le n g th o f culm and head r e s ­
p e c t iv e ly .
however, th e standard d e v ia tio n
i s high fo r the former ch aracter b ein g 8 .8 8 6
t 0 .2 4 2 and f a i r l y low fo r th e l a t t e r , b ein g
1 .0 2 7 jt 0 .0 2 8 .
The c o r r e la tio n can be d e­
pended upon a s n ea rly t r u e .
Hoberts found
a s l i g h t l y h ig h er c o r r e la tio n o f 0.29: 2 .
-27-
TA3LS HO. 7. C o rrclrt I on "between le n g th o f
GUlri end le n g th o f head,
f r = 0.269 * 0 .0 5 6 )
Length of herd in cen tim eters
7
C
O
L
0)i
+->
a>
E
•H
-P
g
O
C
•H
E
rH
O
O
4->
bD
C
<v
: 53-55
; 56-56
: 59-61
: 63-64
: 65-67
: 68-70
: 71-73
: 74-76
: 77-79
: 80-8;.
: 85-85
: 66-88
: 89-91
: 92-94
: 95-97
: 98-100
:101-103
:104-106
:107-109
: 110-112
:Mo t e ls
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
2
2
I
I
I
I
I
3
4
5
7
7
5
6
4
3
3
2
4
3
6
10
13
14
21
12
13
3
I
3
2
11
9
12
11
17
18
20
11
4
I
I
I
I
I
3
2
3
I
2
I
2
*S I
14 45 107 119
IQ
I
7o t e ls
I
0
O
I
6
p
3
6
8
11
19
22
31
36
41
49
38
30
7
2
307
I a t l e S o. u eh owe a c o r r e la tio n of
0 .2 1 6 2 0 .0 3 7 to e x i s t between the le n g th ,of
cu ln and number o f k e r n e ls per culm.
This
i s e f a i r in d ic a tio n th a t th ere are a la r g e r
number o f k e r n e ls on the t a l l e r p la n t s .
R oberts fin d s a much h igh er c o r r e la tio n
e x is tin g .
He obtained 0 .6 6 6 4 . w hich i n ­
d ic a te s th a t th e r e la t io n i s a g rea t d ea l more
p o s it iv e than th a t o f th e w r it e r s .
The con­
s t a n t s are somewhat Iowt e s p e c ia lly ae to the
v a r i a b il it y c o e f f i c i e n t , but the standard
d e v ia tio n i s somewhat h igh in both c a s e s , e s ­
p e c i a l l y w ith the le n g th o f culm, b ein g 8.8 6 6
2 0 .2 4 2 , and f a i r l y low in the oth er ch a ra cter,
2.404 2 0 .0 6 5 .
On the w hole, both ch a ra cters
are f a i r l y uniform .
-29-
TABLS HO. 8,
( r
C o rrela tio n between le n g th o f
c u la and number o f k e r n e ls .
- 0 .2 1 6 2 0 ,0 3 7 )
©
I
o f k ern els per culm
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 50 31 32 33 34 35
: 53-55 I
: 56-58
J 59-61
M 65-64 I
i i 65-67
% 68-70
4 71-73
c: 74-76
g: 77-79
: 80-82
85-65
s : 86-88
h : 89-91
o: 92-94
95-97
° : 98-100
101-103
+1:104-106 I
c:107-109
110-112
:T o ta ls
3
I
I
I
I
I
I
2
I
2
I
I
2
3
I
I
8
2
I
3
2
2
I
5
I
I
2
2
4
2
2
£
I
2
2
3
6
2
6
I
I
2
I
2
9
I
2
2
5
6
5
7
7
I
2
I
I
2
2
I
I
3
6
5
8
6
14
9
5
I
2
I
5
3
6
6
10
10
11
11
5
I
2
3
I
3
4
4
5
8
3
I
I
I
3
I
I
I
2
3
I
2
I
2
13 12 16 29 39 63 66 36 15 3
I
I
T o ta ls
I
0
0
I
0
2
3
6
8
11
19
22
31
36
41
49
38
30
7
2
307
-50-
A low c o r r e la tio n o f -0 .0 7 7 + 0.05U
e x i s t s In Table Ho* 9, where the average
le n g th of culm I s c o r r e la te d w ith the average
number o f rudim entary s p ik c le t c per culm.
Three hundred and f i v e p la n ts are used in
stu d y in g the rudim entary B p iic e le te 1 because
two o f tho p la n ts did not have any.
Vith the
standard d e v ia tio n o f le n g th o f culm h igh end
th e c o e f f i c i e n t o f v a r i a b i l i t y o f rudimentary
e p lk e le t e f a i r l y h ig h , th e c o r r e la tio n cannot
be depended upon as th e tru e one to any d eg re e.
The g r e a te r number o f rudim entary a p lk e le t s i s
ju s t as apt to be on t a l l p la n ts re on sh o r te r
and probably w i l l occur more o fte n on the t a l l e r
p la n t s .
TABLti BO. 9 .
( r
C o r r e la tio n between le n g th o f culm and average
number o f rudimentary s p ik e le t s per culm.
- 0 .0 7 7 ± 0 . 0 3 8 ) .
Buraber o f rudim entary s p ik e le t s pex culm1.
: .3 5 .4 5 .55 .6 5
.83 .9 5 1 .0 5 1.15 1 .2 5 i . 3 5 1 .4 5 1 .5 5 1 .6 5 1 .7 5 1 .8 5 .9 5 2.05
: .4 4 .5 4 .6 4 .74 .84 .94 1 .0 4 1 .1 4 1 .2 4 1 ,3 4 1 .4 4 1 .5 4 1 .6 4 1 .7 4 1 .8 4 1 .9 4 21 .0
4 2114 T o ta ls
. 1 53-55
56-58
<d: 5 9 - 6 l
62-64
S: 65-67
Z: 68-70
g: 71-73
74-76
77-79
80-82
SI
8^-8^
3: 69-91
92-94
0: 95-97
.q: 98-100
t
o
*
s I 104—106
107-109
:11 0-112
I
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
I
%
1
I
I
:*
:
:
:
; I
*
: I
:
:
: T o ta ls :
1
I
2
I
I
I
I
I
0
5
I
I
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
6
5
1
2
3
2
3
4
3
2
I
I
23
I
2
3
2
2
9
2
2
24
1
I
2
3
2
5
6
4
5
5
3
37
2
1
1
2
8
5
1
5
5
3
2
35
-S I-
1
4
3
5
5
6
4
3
O
I
2
2
3
4
4
7
4
9
3
I
I
I
2
3
1
2
7
3
5
2
29
1
I
I
I
2
2
2
I
4
I
3
17
1
I
2
1
2
2
I
2
2
5
2
3
2
16
2
I
I
3
2
I
I
14
9
I
I
I
4
I
%
0
0I
JL
0
2
■5
I
7r
11
19
22
31
36
40
49
38
30
7
2
305
-3 2 -
In
a t Io ITo• 10, the le n g th o f culm
i t c o r r e la te d w ith the*number o f e p lk e le t s .
he oor e la t io n found wae 0 ,2 1 0 t 0 ,0 3 7 , which
nlftht be termed a l i t t l e low er than a f a ir
c o r r e la t io n .
Ohe g r e a te r number o f
s p ik e lo t e i s l i a b l e t o be on the t a l l e r p la n t s .
Hot e very h igh standard d e v ia tio n e x i s t s in
the number o f s p i k e l e t s .
I t i s 8*454 ^ 0.057
and th e c o e f f i c i e n t o f v a r i a b i l i t y i s 8 .0 0 4 ±
0 .2 1 8 , which i s r a th er low .
"he c o r r e la tio n
can n ot be depended upon a g rea t d e a l.
-5 3 -
TABL:-: HO. 10 .
C o rrela tio n between le n g th o f eulzn and
number o f s p l k e l e t s .
f r = 0 .2 1 0 t 0 .0 3 7 ) .
Humber oi s p lk e le t s per culm
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 35 34 35 56 T otals
63-55
55-66
m
I*
(U
CV
S
•H
4-^
C
c>
O
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H
p
O
<H
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K-I
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n
V
I
o
2
3
6
6
11
19
22
31
36
41
49
5 9 -6 1
62-64
65-67
66-70
71-73
74-76
77-79
60-82
63-85
86-88
89-91
92-94
95-97
98-100
101-103
104-106
107-109
I
p
2
2
I
I
2
I
I
2
5
I
I
I
2
I
I
3
I
2
3
2
3
4
5
I
I
I
2
3
I
2
I
9
2
3
I
I
3
3
5
3
3
7
2
3
I
£
8
i
i
1 1 0 -1 1 2
T o ta ls
I
I
I
3 I
7
I
2
2
I
I
I
5
7
10
I
I
5
5
4
3
8
11
12
10 5
I 2
3
9
7
I
3
I
I
4
I
2
3
I
I
4
I
11 2
7 5
8 3
3
2
2
38
I
I
14 14 19 25 59 60 57 41 22 4
I
30
7
2
307
A very low c o r r e la tio n o f 0.0 2 9 *
0.038 e x i s t s between the lengt]: o f cTilra and
average w eight per k ern el as shown in "able
Ifo• 11.
"h ie c o r r e la tio n ln d ic a to e that
th e la r g e r k ern el i s found in d is c r im in a te ly
on the t a l l e r or sh o rter p la n t, or probably
s l i g h t l y more on th e t e l l e r p la n t .
"he con­
s t a n t s are a l l low , excep t the standard d e­
v ia t io n o f le n g th o f oula which i s somewhat
h ig h , but t h is a lo n e would n ot cause th e c o r r e ­
la t io n to vary much from I tc p resen t r e l a t i o n .
A g re a t d ea l o f d is c u s s io n and work has been
ca r rie d on as t o the two ch a ra c te rs m entioned,
! e ig h t y fin d s a c o r r e la tio n o f 0.2180 t 0 .0 2 8 7 ,
aldron w ith o a t s , -0 .4 0 4 _* 0 .0 1 7 , and w ith
w in ter w heat, 0 .1 6 0 t 0 .0 8 4 ; Love, 0.2 7 8 £
0 .0 3 3 ; IIeyers on sandy s o i l , 0.509 ^ 0 .0 2 2
and on ordinary s o i l , 0 .4 8 0 ± 0 .0 2 5 , and
Humbert in Line A, 0 .5 2 2 2 0*^16, and in
B, 0 .5 0 6 ± 0 .0 2 5 .
,ine
Thus i t w i l l be seen a
great v a r ia tio n in r e s u lt s occur, from 'aldron
w ith -0 .4 0 4 t 0.0 1 7 to Humbert w ith 0 .5 5 2 -t
-5 4 -n
0 .0 1 6 .
ald ron l e l l e v c o the la r g e r k ern els
are found on the sh o r te r p la n ts end Humbert,
to g e th e r w ith the o th er w r ite r s m entioned, b e­
l i e v e s the la r g e r k ern els are found on the
t a l l e r p la n t s .
For such a la r g e d if f e r e n c e ,
th e re should be some rea so n , but n o th in r d e­
f i n i t e i s y e t known.
I’ore work i s n ece ssa r y
b efo re any p o s i t i v e reason can be a ssig n ed
fo r about a 95;* d iffe r e n c e which occurs in the
above c a s e .
-3 5 -
TABIiB HO. 11.
C o rrela tio n between len g th o f oulm
and average w eight per k e r n e l.
( r = 0.029 + 0 .0 3 8 ? .
I
fc
Average weight per k ern el in
.0 2 2 .0 2 5 .028 .031 .034 .037 . 040 .043 .046 .0 4 9 .0 5 2 .0 5 5
.0 24.027 .050 .033 .036 .039 . 042 .045 .048 .0 5 1 .0 5 4 .0 5 7 T otals
53-55
56-58
59-61
62-64
65-67
68-70
71-73
74-76
77-79
80-82
83-85
86-88
89-91
9 2-94
95-97
98-100
101-103
104-106
107-109
:110-112
: T otals
I
I
I
I
I
I
2
2
2
I
7
I
3
2
4
2
2
I
3
19
I
I
I
I
I
3
5
5
4
I
7
2
3
I
5
I
4
4
7
9
13
11
3
2
35
61
I
I
4
I
4
4
8
10
10
10
9
10
2
I
75
I
3
3
4
2
6
4
10
10
8
5
3
I
I
I
3
2
2
2
I
5
6
I
2
2
3
I
I
I
2
5
I
2
I
I
14
7
I
I
59
25
1 2
I
I
I
o
0
I
o
2
3
6
8
11
19
22
31
36
41
49
38
30
7
2
307
-3 6 -
In
ab le Ho. 12, a c o r r e la tio n o f
0 .2 4 1 jy 0.036 Is found to e x i s t between le n g th
o f cuin and t o t a l w eight o f k e r n e ls -or p la n t ,
'h ls i s a f a i r c o r r e la tio n in d ic a t in g th a t a
h ig h er y ie ld would to obtained from the t a l l e r
p la n t s .
'’he c o n sta n ts o f th e t o t a l w eigh t
o f k e r n e ls i s high and th e c o r r e la tio n here
found Is l i a b l e to vary a g re a t d e a l.
L eighty
fin d s a f a i r l y h igh c o r r e la tio n o f 0.6866 +
0.0159 e x i s t i n g , w h ile
ove fin d s a f a i r
c o r r e la tio n o f 0 .2 9 4 t 0 .0 3 2 , which somewhat
c o in c id e s w ith the r e s u lt o f the w r it e r .
L eighty and Love both conclude that th e t a l l e r
p la n ts g iv e th e b e t te r y i e l d .
-5 7 -
TABLS NO. 12.
f
C o rrela tio n between le n g th of culn
and t o t a l w eight o f k ern els per
p la n t .
r * 0.2 4 1 t 0 .0 3 6 )
'o t a l w eight of k e r n e ls per p la n t in m e
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42
O
Cj
M
S
H
O
O
A
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ti
►
4
: T o ta ls
I
I I
I
I
I
12 1
2 2 I
2 3
1 1 2 5
I 3 2
2 2 4 5
8
2
3 2 1 3
I 3 4
4
2
I
I
2
2
2
4
8
7
5
5
11
8
6
I
I
I
2
I
3
4
3
5
6
7
9
6
6
I
I
3
3
5
8
9
5
I
I
2
I
4
5
5
4
4
2
I
2
I
5
3
6
3
I
6
I
2
I
I
2
9 14 21 39 63 51 36 28 26 8
2
2
I
I
I
I
I
I
6
W
ti
I
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CO
P
4>
+->
<L‘
B
::5 3 -5 5
: 56-58
: 59-61
: 62-64
: 65-67
: 68-70
: 71-73
: 74-76
: 77-79
: 80-82
: 83-85
: 86-88
: 89-91
: 92-94
: 95-97
: 98-100
: 101-103
:104-106
:107-109
: 110-112
I
o t a ls
I
0
0
I
0
2
3
6
8
11
19
22
31
36
41
49
38
30
7
2
307
-3 8 -
A c o r r e la tio n o f 0.147 t 0.0 3 8 la
found between the ltngrth o f culm and the aver Rr-e v /e ifh t o f k ern els per culm in
a b le Ho. 1 3 .
"hie i e somewhat low and the co n sta n ts are not
very higrh. indicating* th a t the ch a ra cters are
somewhat uniform .
The co n clu sio n i s th a t no
marked r e la t io n e x i s t s between the two char­
a c t e r s , but i t may be sa id i t is a l i t t l e
b e t te r than even th a t the g r e a te r y ie ld per
culm would be on the t a l l e r p la n t s .
Lel 'hty
con clud es t h i s c o r r e la tio n to be very d iv id ed
when he fin d s th e Mph c o r r e la tio n o f 0 .8 4 3 f
0.0088 and the sane nay be sa id o f Humbert, who
fin d s in Line A. a c o r r e la tio n o f 0.6 8 5 _+ 0 .0 1 2 ,
andin Line 3, 0 .6 6 2 t 0 .0 1 8 .
Ho very high
c o r r e la tio n s are found t o e x i s t between the
len p th o f culm and the other c h a r a c te r s .
"he
most d isp u ted p o in t io whether the lr r p e s t
k e r n e ls are found on the t a l l e s t p la n t and a l l
take ex cep tio n to Waldron who b e lie v e s the
t a l l e s t p la n t has th e la r g e s t k ern els as a
r u le
Ho n e g a tiv e c o r r e la tio n s are recorded
w ith th e le n g th o f culm and ae a r e s u lt i t
may he sa id th a t th ere would he no m istake
In s e l e c t i n g the t a l l e s t p la n t fo r the pur­
pose o f improving "barley.
-3 9 -
7ABLE HO. 1 3 .
C o rr o lctio r letw o en le n g th of
cn la nnd w eight o f k e r n e ls per
oulin.
f r = 0.1 4 7 f 0 .0 3 8 ) .
(0
S
V
<ti
a
5
IV
5
IIv
(£.th
v,
O
I
53-55
56-58
59-61
62-64
65-67
68-70
71-73
74-76
77-79
80-82
83-85
86-88
89-91
92-94
95-97
98-100
101-103
104-106
109-109
110-112
T o ta ls
„,
h e ig h t o f k ern els per culm I n grams.
.o j .v a .b a .9 3 1 .0 3 1 .1 3 I . ^ l . z m K ^ '1 .3 3 T TSSTCVyg
/T 2.8E .92 1 .0 2 1 .1 3 1 .2 2 1 .3 2 1 ,4 2 1 .5 2 1 .6 2 1 .7 2 1 .8 2 T o ta ls
I
.
i
X
.
I
0
•
X
.
I
I
I
I
2
I
2
I
2
I
2
2
I
3
I
3
2
I
13
7
7
I
8
4
5
35
.
••
I
2
I
7
0
2
5
7
3
I
37
2
I
I
4
5
3
6
7
9
10
5
6
2
I
62
I
2
I
3
4
7
10
10
11
13
8
2
3
2
I
5
I
4
7
7
7
4
3
»•
:
I
I
:
I
I
2
2
2
2
3
4
I
I
2
2
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2
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P<v
V1X
6
8
11
19
22
31
36
41
49
38
30
7
2
307
A h ifh c o r r e la tio n o f 0.739 *
0.017 i s found between th e le n g th of head
and the number o f k e r n e ls .
in
'able To. 14.
This ie shown
"he lo n g er head w i l l
have the la r g e r number o f k e r n e ls .
^he s ta n ­
dard d e v ia tio n and c o e f f i c i e n t o f v a r i a b il it y
a s n whole are ra th er low and the c o r r e la tio n
obtained is ra th er p o s i t i v e in i t s r e s u l t s .
-4 1 -
TABLE IiO♦ 14.
(
r
C o rr ela tio n between le n g th
o f head and number o f k e r n e ls
per culm.
z 0.739 + 0 .0 1 7 ) .
Number o f k e r n e l8 per culm.
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 55
yd
A
<H
o
d
X
S
Qj
a
C -rj
Ai -Ti
+tj£-»>
yC
d
O
o
•
7
Q
9
10
11
12
13
14
2
I
^ o ta le Z
2
2
3
6
9
I
4
5
3
I
2
9
2
5
5
4
I
12 11 3 I
7 23 57 23
0 5 23 39 29 8
I
3 6 7
I
2
I
I
13 12 16 29 39 63 66 36 15 3
I
T o ta ls
2
I
14
45
107
119
18
I
307
-4 £ -
In Table Ho. 15, Uie c o r r e la tio n
between th e le n g th o f heed end the number o f
rudim entary e p ik e le t s per culm i e shown.
The c o r r e la tio n o f 0.301 ^ 0.038 may
termed
a f a ir p o s it iv e one and in d ic a t e s th a t as the
number o f rudimentary c p lk e le t s in c r e a se s
th e le n g th o f head in c r e a se s to a ra th er f a ir
ex ten t.
B eing th a t th e co n sta n ts are not
ex c ee d in g ly h igh and in two c a se s somewhat
low , the c o r r e la tio n w i l l n ot vary much from
th e one riven
TABL £ LO. 1 5 .
c u i: ? ad a,id n™ t e r ° f
( r
. 0 .3 0 1 ♦ 0 .0 3 5 ) .
Euraoer
-M M
.
S la J S
: S ,: ? )
LS
; :M ; : f ; : B
i : ; i ; :gs
I
I
3
1
2
2
1
1
2
3
5
2
3
14
4
21
7
10
5
2
1
8
19
ll
37
3
9
10
15
2
17
18
12
I
39
-4 j-
4
11
22
2
39
I
2
7
17
I
29
{■ ;; i - ; ;
I
I
I
4
11
I
17
4
7
3
16
I
I
I
5
1
1
1
1
2
14
44
107
1I l
I
A c o r r e la tio n o f 0 ,3 8 6 •* 0 ,0 3 3
i s found between le n g th o f head and average
w eigh t per k ern el as shown in '’a b le Po, 1 6 ,
The c o n sta n ts are a l l ra th er low fo r both
the c h a r a c te r s.
The la r g e s t k e r n e ls cone
from th e lo n g e s t h ead s, which i s eonewhat
con trary to
,a ld r o n ’s f in d in g s , as he
ob tain ed -0 ,5 1 1 ± 0 .0 1 5 and concluded th a t
th e la r g e s t k ern els cane from th e s h o r t e s t
h ea d s.
Crop d iff e r e n c e s and d if f e r e n t
d egrees o f f e r t i l i t y nay h ere again a f f e c t
th e d iffe r e n c e in r e s u l t s .
-4 5 -
TABLS HO. 1 6 .
(
C o rrela tio n I e tween le n g th o f head and
average w eight per k e r n e l.
T
= 0 .3 6 6 -f 0 .0 3 3 ) .
<
Average w eight per k ern el in rrrnre.
.022 .025 .026 .031 .0 3 4 . 037. 041 .043 .046 .049 .0 5 2 .0 5 5
.024 .027 .030 .033 .0 5 6 . 039. 042 .045 .046 .051 .054.057 T o tele
<—
I
7
co
8
” 9
JSlO :
I
I
i
■5l2
I =15
I : «14
T otal
2
2
I
2
I
2
7
3
4
8
2
I
19
I
2
11
8
11
2
35,
4
15
27
15
61
I
I
5
27
36
5
76
I
3
29
24
2
59
4
5
14
2
25
I
10
3
14
I
I
4
I
7
I
2
I
14
45
107
119
18
I
2
307
I
I
I
-4 6 —
A low c o r r e la tio n o f 0 .0 9 6 ± 0 .0 5 6
e x i s t s "between th e le n g th o f head and t o t a l
w eight o f k e r n e ls .
Ho. 1 7 .
This i s shown in Table
A h ig h standard d e v ia tio n and co ­
e f f i c i e n t o f v a r i a b i l i t y e x i s t s in the l e t t e r
c h a r a c te r .
"'bus, not much w eight can be
put on the c o r r e la tio n g iv e n , as to i t s v a lu e .
A la r g o y ie ld i s a l i t t l e more apt to occur
where th e la r g a r heads are found.
As i n ­
d ic a te d in the above d is c u s s io n as to the
le n g th of head, the lo n g e s t head i s not so
v a lu a b le a s one might suppose as to i t s y i e l d ­
in g c a p a c ity from a s c i e n t i f i c p o in t o f view .
However, i t i s shown p o iI t l v e l y th a t th e number
o f k e r n e ls in c r e a se s w ith the le n g th and t h is
i s very v a lu a b le f r >m a seedsm an’s p o in t o f
v ie w .
A lso th e w eight per k ern el i s g r e a te r
on th e lo n g er h ead .
A lo n g head i s found t o
be d e s ir a b le , e s p e c ia ll y fo r the se c u r in g o f a
la r g e r number o f k e r n e ls and a la r g e r s i z e .
-4 7 -
"1ABLX HO e 1 7 .
( r
1S
.
O
lti
45 k
<y
S-i
O
-»J
4>
X} 1H -H
+->
bo q
C <u
+->
4?
M
U
7
Q
9
10
11
12
13
14
T o ta ls
C o rr ela tio n het.veen le n g th of head
end t o t a l r s ig h t o f k ern els per
p la n t .
= 0 .0 9 6
t
0 .0 3 8 ) .
T o ta l w eight o f k ern els per p la n t in grams
I 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 T o ta ls
I I
2
I
I
1 3 I
4 4
1
14
2 2 7
8 7 6 4 5 2
I I
46
I I 5 11 15 23 17 8 16 4 2 2 I I
107
I 7 3 12 36 16 15 15 6 4 3
I
119
3
4
4 I 5
I
18
I
I
9 14 21
39 63 51 36 28 26
8
6
3
2
I
307
-4 8 -
A Gmail n e g a tiv e c o r r e la tio n Ie
recorded in Table Ho. 18, where the number o f
k e r n e ls p er culm ie c o r r e la te d w ith th e number
o f rudim entary a p lk o le t e .
"he c o r r e la tio n o f
-0 .0 1 7 _t 0.0 3 9 in d ic a t e s th a t the two ch ar­
a c te r s are more or lo s s independent o f each
o th e r .
As a w hole, th e co n sta n ts are not
high and the v a r i e t i e s from th e c o r r e la tio n
g iv e n would be s m a ll.
he same number o f
rudim entary s p ik e lo t s w i l l appear on th e
heads having few or many k e r n e ls .
TABL : ' 0 . l 8 .
C o rr ela tio n between number o f k e r n e ls per culm and number
o f rudim entary s p ik e le t e per culm.
( r
--0 .0 1 7 ♦ 0 .0 3 9 ) .
.- r... ■ Kumber o i rudimentary BpikeletB per culm.
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
I
2
I
I
I
I
I
2
I
I
I
I
2
2
2
2
I
2
7
10
3
2
5
3
6
3
2
I
I
I
4
2
3
Il
12
2
I
I
3
2
I
3
5
11
5
I
I
I
I
2
I
2
2
2
I
3
1
5
3
6
11
9
I
6
5
12
3
3
1
I
I
3
1
1
I
4
8
3
5
2
2
2
3
3
2
1
2
I
I
I
2
2
2
I
2
2
I
4
I
1
3
I
I
rn<NOn
tuber o f k e r n e ls p er culm
•35 .4 5 .5 5 .6 5 . 7 5 .65 .9 5 1 .0 5 1 .1 5 1 .2 5 1 •35 1 .4 5 1 .5 5 1.65 1 .7 5 1 .6 5 1 .9 5 2 .0 5
.4 4 .5 4 .64 .7 4 .0 4 .9 4 1 .0 4 1 .1 4 1 .2 4 1 .3 4 I .1 4 1 .5 4 1 .6 4 1.74 1 .8 4 1 .9 4 2 .0 4 2 .1 4 T o ta ls .
2
I
12
12
2
16
2
1
28
9
1
1
2
I
I
66
I
I
:T o t— 2_______ 5_ __6_
5
2^
24
...IS.... .JLU .. J
.4 9
lSL
_ _ 1 Z _ JUa.... 14
36
15
9
4 __I __
-5 0 -
A front, d e a l o f in t e r e s t hoe "been
m an ifested in th e r e la t io n between th e number
o f k e r n e ls end the average w eight per k e r n e l.
Table !To. 19 shows a c o r r e la tio n o f 0.239 ^
0.036 to e x i s t between th ese two c h a r a c te r s .
The co n sta n ts are r a th er low and t h is c o r r e ­
la t io n can be depended upon to bo n ea rly
c o r r e c t.
A 2 4 ’ c o r r e la tio n i s n o t very
h ig h , but i t i s h igh enough to g iv e a f a i r
e stim a te th a t w ith the la r g e r number o f
k e r n e ls th ere would g e n e r a lly be la r g e r k er­
n e ls p r e s e n t .
JBldron found the con trary
to be tru e w ith r c o r r e la tio n o f -0 .5 9 5 ±
0 .0 1 3 w ith o a ts end 0 .1 1 5
w in ter w heat.
0 .0 3 1 w ith
L eigh ty and Love obtained
0 .K 2 6 ± 0 .0 2 9 7 and 0.2 5 1
0 .0 3 3 r e s p e c t ­
i v e l y , w h ile Humbert in Line A found 0 .3 0 0
» 0.021 and in Line B 0 .4 1 8 ± 0.0 2 7 to e x i s t .
These w r ite r s b e lie v e th e la r g e r k ern els to
be p resen t where th e la r g e r number o f k ern els
appear
51-
TABLIi HO. 1 9 .
C o rr ela tio n between number o f k ern els
Per culm ana average w eight per k e r n e l.
( r 5 0 #£39 j 0 . 056)
verafre w eight per k ern el in rranis.
.0 2 2 .0 2 5 .026 . 031 ♦054. 037 .040 .0 4 3 .0 4 6 . 0 4 9 .0 5 2 .0 6 5
.0 2 4 .0 2 7 .050 .033 .0 5 6 . 039 .042 .0 4 5 .0 4 8 • 0 5 1 .0 5 4 .0 5 7
:
:
%:
A :
Co :
3 :
?. :
<v :
* :
% :
:
<D
22
25
24
25
26
27
26
29
30
31
32
S ui
35
rT otals
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
5
2
2
2
I
I
3
4
2
I
I
I
I
2
I
5
7
6
4
5
2
I
I
2
6
6
6
3
9
7
13
7
I
2
I
3
7
10
21
19
7
4
I
2
7
19 35
61
75
2
2
I
I
7
6
16
13
8
3,
I
8
3
2
5
7
4
I
59
25
I
2
I
3
5
2
I
I
I
2
I
I
I
7
1 2
I
I
14
T o ta ls
3
2
9
13
12
16
29
39
63
36
15
3
I
307
In "ab le No. 20, the c o r r e la tio n b e­
tween the number o f k ern els and the t o t a l
w eigh t o f k ern els per p la n t i s g iv e n .
c o r r e la tio n i s 0 .2 7 8
0 .0 3 6 .
The
This i s not
as h igh a s might be exp ected when i t i s g en er­
a l l y thought a la r g e y ie ld i s d ir e c t ly based
upon the number o f k e r n e ls , but from a s c ie n ­
t i f i c p o in t o f view in t h ie c a se , a c lo s e
r e la t io n s h ip i s not found.
However, t h i s may
be due to th e h igh v a r i a b i l i t y c o e f f ic ie n t of
the t o t a l w eig h t which i s 43.348 +_ 1 .3 8 4 .
It
i s b e lie v e d by th e w r ite r th a t w ith a la r g e r
number o f k e r n e ls th ere w i l l be a h ig h er
y ie ld .
"he la r g e c o r r e la tio n o f 0.985 ± 0 .0 0 1
found by Love s t i l l fu r th e r s t h is o p in io n .
A la r g e number o f k e r n e ls per culm
i s a p r o f it a b le ch aracter to seek a f t e r .
A l­
though the c o r r e la t io n s found are not h ig h , th e
p ercen tage i s h ig h enough t o in d ic a te the
valu e o f t h is ch a ra cter such th a t i t w i l l be
taken in to c o n sid e r a tio n in the s e l e c t i n g o f
p la n ts fo r improvement.
-53
TABLE NO. 20. C o rr ela tio n "between number of k ern els
per culm and t o t a l w eight o f k ern els
per p la n t .
( r
= 0 .2 7 8 ^ 0 .0 3 5 ) .
T otal w e iKht o f k e r n e l s p e r p l a n t i n gram s
e
a
CQ
a)
C
b
<V
tH
O
L's
rI y
d
O
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Totals
I
4
6
7
9
I
I
4
2
2
2
4
2
2
I
I
2
2
4
I
2
2
2
2
I
4 2
2 2 I I
2 5 I 2
4 4 I 2
3 6 5 I
6 6 10 5
6 16 10 8
4 12 11 12
3 7 6 4
3 2 4
I
9 14 21
T o ta ls .
I
I
I
3
10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40
12 15 16 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42
I
I
I
I
I
2
4
5
7
7
2
2
2
6
8
4
I
I
1 1 1
3 2
3 2 2
I
I
2
I
I
39 63 51 36 28 26
3
2
9
13
12
16
29
39
63
66
36
15
3
i
8
6
3
2
I
307
—5 4 -
'a b le Jio« 51 ehovro a c o r r e la tio n
o f 0,165 ^ 0,0 3 7 fo r th e cvcrage w eight por
k ern el and the t o t a l w eight o f k e r n e ls per
p la n t •
"his c o r r e la tio n i s due to vary,
b ecau se th e co n sta n ta fo r the t o t a l w eigh t
lc: very h ig h .
'Oilu c o r r e la tio n in d ic a te s
th a t th e chances are a l i t t l e nore than even
th a t the la r g e r k e r n e ls w i l l g iv e a la r g e r
y ie ld .
o f 0 .3 5 7
Love fin d s a. h igh er c o r r e la tio n
0 .0 3 1 and coneludeo th a t a g r e a te r
y ie ld i s produced from th e la r g e s t k e r n e ls .
-5 5 -
TA3LS MO. 2 1 .
f
C o rrela tio n between average w eight per
k ern el and t o t a l w eig h t o f k ern els per
p la n t .
r
= 0 .1 6 5 < 0 .0 3 7 ) .
T otal w eight o f k ern ele per p la n t in
I
3
: .0 2 2 -.0 2 4
W;.0 2 5 -.0 2 7
O cd : .0 2 8 -.0 3 0
: .0 3 1 -.0 3 3
+j :.0 3 4 -.0 3 6
A
C :* 0 37-.039
M-H
•H
ft) : .0 4 0 -.0 4 2
M : .0 4 3 -.0 4 6
4) 0) :.0 4 6 -.0 4 8
hfi C :.0 4 9 -.0 5 1
A O :.0 5 2 -.0 5 4
U
> :/0 5 5 -.0 5 7
<
: T otals
4
6
7
9
10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34
12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36
I
2
5
2
2
2
3
2
4
2
2
5
I
2
2 I I
4 3 3 I
4 13 6
10 6 10 14
9 18 13 10
4 10 9 7
2 6 4 2
2 2 2 £
I 3 2
I
I I
37 40
39 42
2
3
3
I
9 14 21
2
6
5
9
4
3
2
2
8
8
4
I
I
39 63 51 36 28 26
I
2
I
2
7
19
35
Cl
75
59
25
14
7
I
2
2
I
307
I
I
2
3
2
4
I
2
8
6
3
T o ta ls
A very lnrg"e c o r r e la tio n i s
found to e x i s t in Table I'o. 2£, where th e
average w eight per k e rn el ie c o r r e la te d
w ith th e average w eight o f k e r n e ls per culm
The c o r r e la tio n found i s 0.889 ± 0 .0 0 8 .
As none o f th e c o n sta n ts can be termed h igh
th e c o r r e la tio n found can be depended upon
to be ra th er r e p r e s e n t a t iv e .
This c o r r e ­
la t io n g iv e s p o s it iv e a s s e r t io n that a
h igh er y ie ld per cu ln e x i s t s w ith the p re­
sen ce o f la r g e k e r n e ls .
A la r g e k ern el i s a very d e s ir ­
a b le ch aracter a s i t in d ic a t e s a h igh er
y ie ld per p la n t and e s p e c ia ll y a higher
yield per c u ln .
In other c o r r e la tio n s
d isc u sse d in t h is paper, a la r g e k ern el
g iv e s an in d ic a t io n that an improvement oco
u rs.
Large k e r n e ls should alw ays be used
in improving a v a r ie t y o f b a r le y .
-5 7 -
TABL'7 HO. 22 .
f r
C o rrela tio n between average w eight per
k ern el and w eigh t o f k ern els per culm.
- 0.8 8 9
-t
0 .0 0 8 ) .
L
Weight ol k e r n e ls i)er culm in grams.
U
—
J A fB n g i V i m r p I r
: . 0 2 2 - .024
: .0 2 5 - .027
: .0 2 8 - .030
o :.0 3 1 - .933
1 : • 0 3 4 - .036
.059
.042
5 : . 0 4 3 - .045
.: .0 4 6 - .048
oj : .0 4 9 - .051
g : .0 5 2 - .054
: .0 5 5 - .-5 7
* .
'1O tals
.6 3 . 7 3 .8 3 .93 1 .0 3 1 .1 3 1 .2 3 1 .3 3 I .43 1 .5 3 1 .6 3 1 .7 3
.7 2 . 8 2 .9 2 1.02 1.12 1 .2 2 1 .3 2 1 .4 2 I .52 1 .6 2 1 ,7 2 1 .8 2 T o ta ls
2
2
4 2 I
7
6 4 8
I
19
I I 11 16
6
35
13 16
25
9
61
2
3
23
40
7
76
I
9
20
26
3
59
I
3
8
11
2
25
2
4
5
14
3
I
I
I
4
7
I
I
•
I
2
I
13
7 35
37
62
72
44
19
9
7
I
I
307
-5 6 -
Table Ho. 23 i 8 , roduoed to show
th e r e la t io n s h ip between th e number o f r u d i­
mentary s p lk o le t s and the t o t a l weight o f
k ern els ner p la n t ,
A c o r r e la tio n o f
-0 ,1 3 4 + 0 .0 3 6 i s found.
Tost o f the
c o n sta n ts are somewhat h ig h , ca u sin g th e
ch a ra cters t o vary a g rea t d e a l and thus
cause a v a r ia tio n in th e c o r r e la t io n .
The
p resen ce o f rudim entary s p ik e le t e g iv e s an
in d ic a tio n o f th e y i e l d .
la r g e number, a sm a ller
I f th e r e are a
y ie ld i s ex p ec te d .
Rudimentary s p ik e le t e I e an u n d e sir a b le
ch aracter and g e n e r a lly g iv e s n e g a tiv e r e ­
m its .
By t h is I n s ig n if ic a n t ch a ra cter
a high or low y ie ld may be p red ic te d t e a
f a ir d e g r e e .
-6 9 -
TABLE NO. 23.
(
C o rrela tio n between number o f
rudim entary s p lk e le t s end t o t a l w eigh t
o f k e r n e ls per p la n t.
r
= -0 .1 3 4 4 0 .0 3 8 ) .
T otal w eight of k e r n e ls per p la n t in grams
I
3
I
<D
M
<H
CO
>»
N
*»
C
<u
I l
k
O
O
CO
y cq
43 -M
a
«
3 H
to
36-44
45-54
55-64
65-74 I
76-84
85-94
95-104 4
105-114
115-124
125-134
135-144
145-154
155-164
165-174 B
175-184
185-194
195-204
205-214
T o ta ls
4
6
7
9
10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40
12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42
I
I
I
I
I
3
I
I
I
I
3
I
I
I
2
4
5
I
2
3
I
I
2
I
2
6
5
7
4
4
2
3
2
I
I
2
3
5
7
4
7
9
9
2
4
4
3
2
3
7
3
6
4
7
7
4
2
2
I
3
I
I
I
2
3
9
2
4
4
4
3
2
I
4
I
I
7
7
3
I
2
£
0
5
6
6
23
24
37
35
39
39
29
17
16
14
9
4
I
I
I
I
I
2
I
6
2
6
5
I
2
I
I
I
1
I
3
1 1
I 'I
I
1
I
I
I
I
I
7 14 21
\
39 63 51 56 28 26
8
6
3
2
T o ta ls
1
305
C o rr elo tio n e obtained in t h ie
work by L e if h t y , Voldront Love, R oberts,
Leyors end Humbert are p resen ted in a
ta b u la r form in Table Ho. 24.
"heee
c o r r e la tio n s a re need in t h is p ap er.
Table No. 25 i s produced to f i v e
the moans, standard d e v ia tio n , and the
c o e f f ic ie n t o f v a r i a b il it y o f the ch aracter
or v a r ia te s ob tain ed in t h is stu d y .
TABLE HO. 24
Smamary o f C o rr ela tio n s D ealt w ith in Thie Study.
S u h je o t.
I
C o rrela tio n
C o e f f ic ie n t .
R e la t iv e .
I
^
-- -------------------
N
%
$ ^
-
-------
1
—
O rigin al data on B a rley .
_____ _
------------
Number o f culms per p la n t
Length o f culm
0 .1 8 2 2 0.037
Number o f culms pei* p la n t
Number o f k ern els per culm
0 .1 0 2 1 0.036
11
%
—i
M
Tl
M
11
Number of rudim entary sp ik o l e t s per culm.
-0 .1 5 7
t
0.036
-0 .1 6 4
^
0.037
0 .8 2 3
±
0 .0 1 2
it
it
it
it
n
Average w eight per k e r n e l.
Il
Tl
Tl
Tl
n
T o tal w eight of k e r n e ls per
p la n t .
H
11
W
If
Tl
Average w eight of k ern els
per culm
I
% Lenfth o f culm.
Length o f h ead .
»
% Length of culm .
Number o f k ern els p er
k
Tl
Il
11
culm
- 0 . 1 1 1
t 0.038
0.2 6 9
^
0.036
0.2 1 6
^
0.037
Number of rudim entary s p ik e l e t s per culm.
0.077 ± 0.036
to .
"
"
”
Number o f e p ik e le t s per culm
0 .2 1 0
1
"
"
w
Average w eight per k e r n e l.
0 .0 2 9 2 0 .0 3 6
"
”
"
T o ta l w eight o f k e r n e ls per
p la n t.
0 .2 4 1
*
0 .0 3 6
Average w eigh t o f k e r n e ls
per culm.
0.1 4 7
±
0.038
Number o f k e r n e ls per culm
0.739 1 0.017
Number o f rudim entary s p ik e l e t s per culm.
0 .3 0 1 ? 0.036
1
t g
L 3
.
.
.
L 4 .
”
I,
it
Length o f head.
L s . Length o f h ead .
0.037
TABLE HO. 2 4 . Continued
C orrelation
C oefficient
H e le t iv e .
SubJeot.
O r irin a l date on B a rley .
Average w eight per k ern el
0 .3 8 6 -i 0 .0 5 5
T o ta l w eight o f k ern els per
p la n t
0 .0 9 6 f 0 .0 3 8
Humber o f k e r n e ls per
culm.
!lumber o f rudim entary s p ik e l e t s per culm.
-0 .0 1 7 -} 0 .0 5 9
«
TT
tf
ft
It
Average w eigh t per k e r n e l.
0 .2 3 9 t 0 .0 5 6
it
ft
ft
r?
n
r'o ta l w eigh t o f k e r n e ls per
p la n t .
0 .2 7 8 + 0 .0 3 6
T o ta l w eight o f k ern els per
p la n t .
0 .1 6 5 t 0 .0 3 7
Average w eigh t o f k ern els per
culm.
0 .8 6 9 t 0 .0 0 8
Length o f head.
T»
It
tf
Average w eight per k ern el
f
ft
ft
Humber of rudim entary
s p ik c le te .
ft
T o ta l w eight o f
p la n t .
k e r n e ls per
- 0 .1 3 4 -» 0 .0 3 8
-G lb TABLK ii'O. 2 4 . { Cout in u ed ) .
Subject
C orr elation
C oefficien t.
H eln tiv e
Dato obtained by 0. E. L ei^hty w ith o a t s .
dumber o f culms per p lan t T otal w eight of k e r n e ls per p i
Length of culm.
N
Tl
Tl
H
ft
?t
'•umber o f k ern els per
culm.
0 .8 4 9 6 :t 0.0084
Average w eight o f k ern els per
culm.
0.4006 t 0 .0 2 5 3
Average w eigh t per k e r n e l.
0 .0 0 0 3 + 0.0302
Number o f k ern els per culm.
0.4226 t 0 .0248
T otal w eight o f k ern els per
p la n t.
:
t 0 .6 8 8 6 t 0.0159
Average w eight o f k ern els per
culm
0 .8 4 2 4 f 0.0088
Average w eight
er k e r n e l,
0 .2188 j. 0.0287
Average w eight per k e r n e l.
0 .1226 - 0.0297
Data Obtained by L. K. Taldron w ith o a ts and w heat.
Average w eigh t per kernel:N unber o f k ern els per culm
"
"
"
-0 .5 9 5 t 0 .0 1 3
"
-Length o f head.
f ).5 1 1 t 0.0 1 5
”
:Length o f culm
-0 .4 0 4 - 0.0 1 7
t e r Wheat.
Average w eigh t per k ern el Number o f k ern els per culm
M
fl
M
Length o f culm.
-0 .1 1 5 2 0 .0 3 1
0 .1 6 0 4 0 .0 3 4
-6 Io 7ABLS HO. 24 . ( C ontinued).
:
:C orrelation
;___________ BelatlVH_________________ ; C o e f f i c i e n t
S u b je ct.
Data obtained
oCal U
tO
se.
VVU wx* by
IV,) », •. I»• Love
VW
Vw
VfXith
OiJL U
v________
Length o f culm
T o ta l w eigh t o f k ern els per
p la n t
0 .2 9 4 ± 0 .0 5 2
8 . Length of culm
Average w eight per k ern el
0.276 ^ 0 ,0 3 5
3 . Humber o f k ern els per
culm.
T o ta l w eight o f k ern els per
p la n t .
0.9 8 5 2 0.001
|4 . Dumber o f k ern els per
oulm.
Average w eight per k ern el
0 .2 5 1 2 0.033
Average w eight per k e r n e l.
0 .3 2 7 2 0 .0 3 1
5 . ""otal w eigh t o f k ern els
per p la n t .
L
Date obtained
by
u
U J
I . !lumber o f culms per
p la n t .
8 .
"
"
3, W
X
U
TtiX K JC
0.8345
p la n t . le n g th o f culm
w
"
ju
" eig h t o f k e r n e ls per culm
ft
M
n
4 . Length o f culm.
6.
. I'.• ^Boberte
w
. . U U CJX U O
Tf ith
I i w heat.
kL #
i JL #
•»
0 .2 8 1 0
Ihunber o f k ern els per culm.
M
ft
»«
Vf
0.1805
0.6684
Tf
Length of head.
«
0.2922
Data obtained by C.
v e
xli.
i •
Zeyere wx ith w heat.
w i v v w x a i u t *
X* Sand. Dumber o f culms
per p la n t .
u j
v*x
Sv
Average w eight per k ern el
5 . O rdinary. " "
,f
per p la n t.
ft
Tf
Tf
Tf
3 . Sand. Length o f culm.
ft
Tf
TT
f|
"
ft
4» Ordinary. ** ”
"
tv
If
tf
v
w
0 .3 0 1 -
0.027
0 .0 1 3 + 0 .0 3 2
0.509 2 0 .0 2 2
0 .4 0 0 2 0.025
TABLE SO* 2 4 .
Subject.
f C o n tin ued)
: C o rrela tio n
: C o e f f i c ie n t .
H eln tiv e
Line A. Length o f culm.
i. Line B.
"
"
I. Line A.
"
”
,• Line B.
"
"
Average w eigh t per k ern el
<«
"4
V)
It
”
* Line A. IiaaBer " k ern els
per o u la .
• Line B. IIuaLer o f k e r b e ls
per o u la .
0 .5 5 2 ^ 0 .0 1 6
0.5 0 6 t 0.026
Average w eight o f k ern els
per o u la .
0.6 8 5 + 0 .0 1 2
Average w eight of k ern els
per c u la .
0 .6 8 2 jt 0 .0 1 6
Average w eigh t per k e r n e l.
0 .3 0 0 t 0.021
"
H
i
I,
0.4 1 8 jt 0.027
—6 2 —
TABLS HO. 25.
Sumiary o f C onstants Obtained w ith B a r ley .
Heon.
C h aracters.
Standard
D e v ia tio n .
C o e f fic ie n t o f
v a r ia b ility .
fber o f cu ln s per p la n t
1 8 .1 2 5 t 0 .2 7 1
-7 .0 3 8 J1 0 .1 9 2
36.830 j. 1.205
gth o f culm.
9 4.066 1 0 .3 4 2
-8 .8 8 6 + 0 .2 4 2
9 .4 4 8 jt 0 .2 5 7
sher o f k e r n e ls per culm
29,611 ± 0 .0 9 2
2.4 0 4 t 0.065
8 .1 4 6 jt 0 .2 2 2
.036 t 0 .0 0 0
0 .0 0 5 t 0 .0 0 0
1 5.158 jt 0 .3 6 4
1 1 .2 4 1 1 0 .0 4 0
1.027 * 0 .0 2 8
9 .1 3 6 jt 0.249
1 .2 9 0 ^ 0 .0 1 2
0 .3 1 0 ± 0.009
2 4 .051 jt 0 .6 9 1
30.650 ^ 0 .0 9 4
2.454 i 0.0 6 7
8 .0 0 4 jt 0 .2 1 8
1 6 .679 - 0.279
7 .2 3 0 jt 0 .1 9 7
4 3 .3 4 8 jt 1.364
1 .1 1 4 * 0 .0 0 7
0 .2 0 0 jt 0 .0 0 5
1 7 .9 5 3 jt 0 .5 0 6
•rage w eight per k ern el
agth o f head
ziber of rudim entary
jp ik e lo te per culm.
obcr o f e p ik o le to per
julm .
t a l v/oight o f k ern els
y e r p la n t .
Ight o f k ern els per culm
j
SUMMARY
1.
"-'he o r ig in a l data o f b a rle y
used in t h is stu d y ie fron the Rew Zealand
two-rowed C hevalier v a r ie t y , obtained from
the Aontana " ta te C o llo r e Experiment S ta t io n .
2.
The stud y made in d ic a te s th at
as the number o f oulme per p la n t in c r e a s e s ,
the chances are a l i t t l e more than oven that
th ere w i l l be t a i l o r plant;.;, a la r g e r number
o f k e r n e ls per culm, a lo s e e r number o f r u d i­
mentary s p ik e lo t s , a sm a lle r k e r n e l, and a
sm a ller y ie ld per culm .
Rut above a l l ,
th e re i s a h ig h p o s i t i v e c o r r e la tio n showing
th a t th ere w i l l be an in c r e a se in y ie ld per
p la n t to a very la r g e e x t e n t .
3.
r-'rom the t e l l p la n ts a f a ir
m a jo rity o f lo n g head s, a la r g e r number o f
k e r n e ls , a la r g e r number o f s p ik e le t s and a
g r e a te r y ie ld a re found, and a sm a ll m a jo rity
-64-
hnve a la r g e r y ie ld per c u ln .
The le r p e r
number o f rudim entary s p ik e le t s and the
la r g e r k ern els w i l l appear in d is c r im in a te ly
on t a l l or sh o rt p la n t s .
4.
As th e heads In crea se in
le n g th , th ere i s n ea rly a corresponding i n ­
crea se in the number o f k ern els and to a
f a i r l y la r g e e x te n t an in c r e a se in the number
o f rudim entary e p ik e lo te and in s i z e o f
k e r n e l.
A la r g e y ie ld Ie obtained about
e q u a lly from long or sh o rt heads or th a t as
a r u le the b e s t y ie ld w i l l be obtained from
the lo n g e s t h ea d s.
5.
Rudimentary s p ik e le t s w i l l
appear as many tim es on heads w ith a la r g e or
sm all number o f k e r n e ls .
Larger k ern els
and a la r g e r t o t a l y ie ld w i l l g e n e r a lly be
found on p la n ts having a la r g e r number o f
k ern els per head to a f a i r l y la r g e e x t e n t .
6.
Largo k ern els do not as a r u le ,
g iv e a low y ie ld per p la n t.
The p resen ce
-65-
o f lp r g e k ern o ls on n head p-ives n vrry
PO P i t i v e i n d i c a t i o n o f a l a r g e y i e l d p e r
cu Ira*
7.
The procence o f a la r g e
numlor o f rudim entary G p ik cleto p iv ee a
G lipht in d ic a tio n o f a low y ie ld per p la n t .
It may be termed an u n d e sir a b le c h a r a c te r .
ti*
'he lr r g e v a r ia tio n s of
oorreI a t I one which have been obtained by
variou s w r ite r # may p o s s ib le be clue to th e
u se o f d if f e r e n t v a r i e t i e s or d if f e r e n t
crops or to d if f e r e n t c o n d itio n s under which
crop8 nay have grown.
-66-
LITERAr^UH': CITED.
1.
De V r ie s, Hugo.
The A sso c ia tio n o f
/
C haracters in P la n t B reedin g.
P la n t B reeding. Chap. 5« pp. 237332, 1907.
2.
Davenport, R.
C o r r e la tio n .
P r in c ip le s o f
B r e e d in g ., Chap. 13, pp. 452-472,
1907.
3.
ehhor, i l . J .
C o rrela tio n o f C haracters in
P la n t B reed in g.
American Breeders
A s s o c ia tio n . 2: 5 0 -6 1 , 1910.
4.
a st,
M»
Organic C o r r e la tio n s .
American Breeders A s s o c ia tio n . 4: 332343, 1908.
5.
L eig h ty , C. Ee
C o rr ela tio n o f ch a ra cters in
Oats, w ith S p e c ia l R eference to
B reed in g .
American Breeders A ssoc­
i a t i o n . 7: 5 0 -6 1 . 1911.
-67-
6.
Rldront L* B. A ”ufr£r«etion R eg ard in g Heavy
and Light See
n a tu r a lis t.
7.
Love, H. H.
C rain.
44: 4 8 -5 6 , 1910.
Study o f the Large and Small
Grain C u e stio n .
A s s o c ia tio n .
8.
Humbert,
American
■«. ? .
American Breeders
7: 109-118, 1911.
C o rrela tio n o f C haracters in
Oats, w ith S p e c ia l R eference to
B reed in g.
A s s o c ia tio n .
9.
R oberts, I!, P ,
Aheat.
7:
American B reeders
7 :6 0 -6 1 , 1911.
V a ria tio n and C o r r e la tio n in
American B reeders A s s o c ia tio n .
8 0 -1 0 9 , 1911.
10. :Iey ers, C. H•
E ff e c t o f F e r t i l i t y Upon
V a ria tio n and C o rrela tio n in
American B reeders A s s o c ia tio n .
6 1 -7 4 , 19 1 1 .
h e a t.
7: