GI
_
`
:
,
'
i.
r
.-
%Cri
,4,Y71:,
r.J.^
"'7C-
i
e
u
;')r
.
':
! '-,,.i
_ry,V
{
'y
J.
4'
ft
rFu
.0
4f
.0"
j r`..,
.Ì
`p
..7
'
y[t'[
r
'
'
a `ISc
4'
..
'
;`
,
.
`r
te'
(
'
'1..
.,,..
ú
*
;
wit
s,
,
,
/
/
i
S
104-.Ì
.
_-_
_.-<i
s'---
_
;.",....r
.-w-
.
ÿ
/ °"A_
,''-.7-1.
_
-
"as.
.3e~
`
"r '`15
C
-04,2
+
._
.
: n 1P'
'^
.
.
rr,,.
r
:-
:
r..
'
'
+t
-'..
d
_
-_s.- :r ..t
: *-kN141'.p~- --kW`1.c.
-
-:
r°,3
'.--...n
`
3
_
t.
$
-
.,'1*
y.
r
--
-
/4
vï--
',.#4
ct`
.
-
,
+-'
_
.
L-¿--,
RJ.
r /
sr, L.,:fi
y
H
.,(¡
/
'
'_
2
:: y%R^`.
.
r
I.'
i
R
.,
rr
5
f
d
'
!
iic.
'-2- %
s?
r,
J,F
¡:!'
.
i
°/ / ry
yr!!'
r
4
a =
.r°PO
t
."
y _^
_
,p,Si,á r-i.-
,fi.:.,.%,S
.
-
.+-w re.
!rcr
e _.
c...._-_
q
G
r
-
kTr,.'i
:á
",h . 'v' i u
i.
%
+
ii
y
.:
l,.
$J
.
v
`
;2
'
J'
r`1
4
,I
.
.
.
y,
.1
'
_
R
j
I
If
!
t
1
,-
A
'
if,
r
,_t
4
r
:t
t
d
.
,f
N'
_
'
_
'
w`.
'
,!
t
ti..
r,
n
'
ii
y''"'iu.l
..
,
o
ti
1
h
'
til
-- -IA .r
1
,i
_
l'
iI htlr!', ,
[.[
,
Rl
,
o
.
,
r,
.-
OREGON
Concerns Of The Commissioners
WILDLIFE
OCTOBER 1975
Volume 30, No. 10
OREGON FISH & WILDLIFE COMMISSION
Allan Kelly, Chairman
Portland
Frank Pozzi, Vice Chairman
Portland
Mrs. Allen Bateman
Klamath Falls
John Boyer
Bellfountain
Walter Lofgren
Portland
McKee Smith
Portland
Jack Steiwer
Fossil
JOHN W. McKEAN, Director
Oregon Wildlife is published monthly by the Oregon
State Department of Fish and Wildlife. Volumes 1
through 28 were entitled Oregon Game Commission
Bulletin.
RON E. SHAY, Editor
Permission to reprint is granted; credit would be appreciated.
Oregon Wildlife is circulated free of charge. Please
report change of address promptly giving both new
and old addresses and zip codes.
Second -class postage paid at Portland, Oregon.
All correspondence should be sent to:
Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife
P.O. Box 3503
1634 S.W. Alder
Portland, Or. 97208
The Cover
In western Oregon, clearcutting creates big
game habitat and, if done properly, does not
destroy stream habitat for fish. See feature article.
Photo by Ron Shay
HUNTER EDUCATION
PROGRAM
INSTRUCTORS APPROVED
Month of August
Total Active
STUDENTS TRAINED
Month of August
Total to Date
40
1,719
760
222,230
HUNTING CASUALTIES REPORTED
IN 1975
Fatal
Nonfatal
Page 2
0
16
Twice a year, the International Association of Game, Fish and Conservation
Commissioners meets. The most recent meeting was held in Las Vegas from
September 8 through the 10th. At each of these meetings there are numbers of
technical sessions, bringing together the commissioners and staff members of
the various state and provincial conservation agencies. Also, during the course
of the meetings the Association adopts a set of resolutions expressing its views
on a variety of things. This year, as in the past, many of the resolutions dealt
with the relationships between various federal agencies and the state agencies.
There is continuing re- examination of the roles of the two groups and how the
work being done relates.
In addition to the resolutions concerning the state -federal dealings, the
group this year addressed itself to a variety of ideas. Here are some general ideas
expressed in a few of the resolutions passed this year.
One resolution urged certain of the federal agencies, "... in cooperation with
the states, to develop comprehensive plans for wildlife habitat development and
to seek appropriation of funds to implement such plans as expeditiously as
possible."
Also at the congressional level, the group urged the passage of HR 1534 which
would amend the 25- year -old Dingell-Johnson Act to include new items of
fishing equipment under the 10 percent federal excise tax now in effect. The additional moneys would be used for fishery management purposes on a shared
basis with the states.
Additionally, Congress was urged to enact legislation to provide an organic
act for the U.S. Bureau of Land Management that would include authority to
maintain a productive environment for fish and wildlife.
Citing the success of the Oregon law, the International group registered its
support for the passage of a national law designed to eliminate throwaway
bottles and pull -tab cans from American life.
Again, indicating its feeling in a broad field, the Association vigorously opposed all firearms- related legislation proposals which would restrict the possession and free use of firearms by law- abiding citizens. Conversely, it strongly supported any firearms legislation which is directed at the illegal or improper use of
firearms and particularly that which attaches strong, mandatory penalties
against those who are found guilty of committing such acts.
Concern about vanishing wildlife habitat was shown through a resolution
urging Congress to set up a national land use policy and coordinate planning
with the states on federal and nonfederal lands.
Wildlife managers have long known they cannot live in a world isolated from
everything else. Energy demands from the east coast can have a serious effect on
wildlife in the west as the eastern coal -fired turbines demand more strip mined
coal. Wyoming's antelope could be the eventual losers as the land is torn up in
the quest for coal. It has been shown that it is cheaper energy -wise to recycle
cans and bottles. Again, the saving of energy and consequently the saving of
wildlife habitat because of less demands on the land are all tied together.
The conservation commissioners did not express concern about the control of
hunting and its effect on the future of wildlife. They have that under control.
Their wide -ranging resolutions are indicative of the deep concerns of wildlife
managers. Unfortunately many of the things affecting the future of the resource
are outside of the control of the manager. There is hope, however, if the hunter
and nonhunter concerned about wildlife will work together to help the manager
fight the necessary battles. R.E.S.
On October 25 at 10 a.m. the Fish and Wildlife Commission will hold a
public hearing at the Western Forestry Center Auditorium, 4033 SW Canyon
Road in Portland, to set the 1976 angling regulations for all game fish and for
personal use of ocean food fish, shellfish, and intertidal animals. Interested persons may present testimony in person or in writing at the hearing or prior to the
hearing by writing to the Portland office of the Commission.
OCTOBER 1975
A Gentler Hand
On The Land
by Ron Shay
As Oregon's timber industry developed, the seemingly inexhaustible
supply of trees and other
natural resources led to logging practices that were shortsighted, to say
the least. The motto of the men after
the trees was get the timber out the
quickest, easiest way and let the devil
take the hindmost.
In the process, fortunes were made
and many watersheds were put out of
production for years to come. Little
thought was given to the streams
coursing through these areas because
the fish runs were also thought to be a
resource that was without end. The
fact that streams were filled with
-
logging debris and the gravel spawning areas were choked with silt that
ran off the barren hillsides caused little, if any, concern. Roads were built
the easiest, most convenient routes
and logs were skidded the shortest
distance to the landing. In both cases
precious salmon and steelhead
streams often ended up as murky looking ditches choked with muddy
water and decaying parts of trees and
brush drug there during logging
operations.
State laws have put a curb on the
most flagrant of these environmental
crimes in some areas but, more encouraging, the men concerned with
A western Oregon clearcut area spring burned and seeded. The
spring burning produces a cooler fire, thus doing less damage to the
soil. The seeding stabilizes the soil, preventing erosion, and also
produces food for deer, elk, and other wildlife. Small, scattered clear-
the production of timber have started
using a more gentle hand on the land,
regardless of laws. The result has
been a better outlook for wildlife and
streams that continue to support good
runs of fish even though active logging is going on in the area. These
benefits are in addition to better
managed land from the forestry
standpoint.
Not all logging operations have
progressed to this more enlightened
stage, but on a recent trip to the
Chetco and Powers Ranger Districts
of the Siskiyou National Forest in
southern Oregon, we saw what can be
done when concerned individuals are
cuts produce rich food areas for big game while the adjacent standing
timber provides necessary shelter from the weather. Buffer strips of
standing trees leave streams shaded and cool.
t
¡
f
--
'
'
,
i?1`
fY ,,
,
N,
"
`?~
t
.
l. ti
,r;*/r'
R
..;
''
.
-:`'-°
g.
44117.r
eC
'*,'"
1
.
-
s,
II
r
7
.
.
E.
\
Pn.
-
-
4'.
OREGON WILDLIFE
Page 3
.
A
at the helm.
Some of the progress has been the
result of numerous conversations
between the forest personnel and
biologists of the Department of Fish
and Wildlife, discussions that led to a
better understanding of the problems
of both groups and that further led to
closer cooperation. Forest personnel
have designed roads that stay where
they are meant to be and don't end up
in the river. With seed originally
supplied by the Fish and Wildlife
Department and now as part of the
cutting contracts, they plant recent
clearcut areas to stabilize the soil and
provide food for deer and elk. The
roads are constructed to be stable and
also routed to have the least impact
on the area over a long period of time.
Realistically, one must point out
that not all of this is done strictly for
fish and wildlife even though they are
beneficiaries. In the often shallow and
unstable soils of the southwestern
part of the state, poorly built roads
can be a perpetual maintenance
headache to the forest and unnecessary landslides can put many
acres of land out of tree production
almost indefinitely. However, at
times, modifications that wouldn't be
necessary strictly from a timber
production standpoint have produced
significant fish and wildlife benefits.
Basically, it appears to be a matter
of managing these national forest
lands for the best benefits of all of the
resources. In about 40 to 50 years
Douglas fir trees will again be
harvested through commercial thinning operations from the lands being
clearcut now. In about 100 years the
areas will be clearcut in small patches
again. In the meantime the properly
designed and handled clearcuts are
producing deer and elk in increasing
numbers. As the fir reproduction
grows up and the area is no longer top
big game feeding area, the animal
populations drift to other more recent
clearcuts. As the firs reach toward the
sky, they create escape cover and
protection from the weather for the
animals using the nearby newer
cutover areas, where food is available.
The key -small clearcuts interspersed with patches of mature and maturing trees.
In the meantime, the controlled
cutting, reseeding, proper road
building and other thoughtful uses of
the land leave the crystal streams
Page 4
-i
y
ra1
V.
a
/
b
J`t h
I
-
-664
¡
r,-
v,
_
:,
'
_`,ir
rr
. rr r
_ °''.°
iTJf_.
..
. fi
.
14
'
P"`
,. _ _
"
-
rti
...
.
o
,
F
-
'
0
-
f
,
.
r.
.
-
;
.7!
-
j
.
-
LF-
,
i
'
~
'
`5.
.
.
r. 41' .
-
A
-
,.I
y
_.
_
.
,
,i+
,
_
A
-
e
.
='
`.
r,
»
-
r
,
L
T.
`,
`R
.
-
-
:5.
Ii=
' Sj
®
{ ; '7_;;;;7.
..
w
'
i* -
.
,
-
..
re,_
All1.r.e
,:
;
*-.
:.
,
.
,
. .y -rr .`
i -,' `0ry
.
+- ',
,%r }` I ,
^:.lk'F
v
;
,.'
;c.r
1,
.
iM
'
-
'
n
HI
111.
_a:
t/
©
!
''
t.4.
4 -
'
'
w
.
...
.
6
<
V
-.5_
7
t.
e.
The old and the new. The lower road was built before strict standards were adopted. The
material was pushed over the side destroying vegetation and very often causing severe erosion
problems. The road in the upper right is nearer the top of the ridge where erosion problems arc
less and was constructed by hauling the scraped materials to a safe dumping site. Much less
road bank vegetation is destroyed and the pitch of the bank is flatter, making it less likely to start
eroding.
Access roads built into the areas to be logged are kept to a minimum width and the material is
"end hauled ". This means instead of simply bulldozing the material off the side as the road is
built, it is hauled to a predetermined dump site. This keeps the material out of the streams and
also helps prevent roadside erosion.
=i/r¡JJ~ti
'
:T.
cr
.
f_''.
A
r
.-
'.P...,,.. -1.-,;
"
-
'c
°
u
'
-á
:°.7:`
-
;`
/PA
,
.,
?.
A
.41
¿,
P.
_
,
A.
Ar
_
N
;4:' ;^`'
ú
ARC
.
.
r
,v-°'1
..
7.j,\
.
1
_
.,
o
..
_
oy
í40
OCTOBER 1975
Z4,0:':"`r`,
.
.
.0
p
.
.-
A newly constructed ridge top road with a
"drain dip ". No ditch or culvert that can plug
E
.
ryet
.
7'"
.
o
1041
.r..
:
.
;---N-.
up is necessary if the grade is less than 8 percent. There is less runoff to affect the ridge
top roads. Also, periodically a section of very
coarse gravel is installed, shown here
beneath the station wagon. Water running
down the road percolates down through the
gravel and gradually off the side of the road
without causing erosion.
q
i['
,
,
.r
,r!.
--44.,,
r.
4
_t
.Y.
wr
.Y
--
.
'
`
=
`
.
---°14,417.r."-
e-t.
---°14,417.r."---°14,417.r.---°14,417.r."-
+
=I
. 11
y.
-
:
¡
."..`: ;'s;_M`:i
-.'
_,
--..
,+
.
.
Under road culverts are extended along the
road slope on new and previously built roads.
Water flowing through the culvert falls onto
the ground more gently preventing washouts
beneath the end of the pipe and erosion of
soil into the streams.
..
o
p
t.
'
r:
.
such as the Elk, Chetco, and
Winchuck in their clear, productive
condition to support healthy runs of
salmon and steelhead. With continued proper use, these streams
should be producing just as many fish
one hundred years from now, when
the cutting cycle starts again on the
newly logged lands.
It's taken about a hundred years to
get there. The management of many
OREGON WILDLIFE
Instead of rerouting the stream into a new,
unnatural channel, the metal "bin wall" was
installed to retain the previously built road.
Stream was allowed to follow its normal
meander path as a result and slippage from
the old slide is kept out of the stream.
Cr,~
,^à``'.±+:}r:
.
.
Ir
='= -aie
.+-:,
ía
'use
.p
areas, both governmental and
private, is still a number of years
behind but the example has been set.
What's being done may just be a
start, but to the fish and wildlife
biologist who is dependent on the
land for his crop, this beginning has
to be a significant one. It hopefully
means that we are getting to the
philosophical end suggested by
Theodore Roosevelt when he proposed that wildlife, forests, ranges, and
water were renewable resources which
may last forever if used wisely. His
doctrine recognized all of these outdoor resources as one integral whole
and suggested that conservation
through wise use of all of them is a
public responsibility. Forest management such as that we saw on the
Siskiyou is an encouraging sign!
Page 5
Research Biologists Speak
This and that
compiled by Ken Durbin
Operation Fish Drop
Staff biologist Jim Griggs, who
heads up the Department of Fish and
Wildlife's fish liberation program,
reports that 510 lakes were aerially
stocked with fingerling trout this
summer; nine lakes from an airstrip
at Enterprise, 65 lakes from Chiloquin, and 436 from the airstrip at Fall
River Hatchery southwest of Bend.
There were 415,900 brook trout,
141,700 rainbow, and 42,800 cutthroat
dropped into the lakes from a specially adapted crop- dusting airplane, or a
little more than 600,000 in all.
*
Yes, But
...
While recently dedicating Idaho's
Lower Granite Dam, a U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers construction on
the lower Snake River, Governor
Cecil Andrus broke with traditional
celebratory statements by saying,
"Before I accept this
I want to
point out that the costs of this system
have been horrendous both in dollars
and in costs to our natural resources."
The governor noted that the public
had been led to believe that migratory
fish would be saved by the addition of
fish ladders. "We wanted to believe
that, so we did. It hasn't turned out
...
exactly that way." A seriously
depleted spring salmon run on the
Snake River and its tributaries forced
a ban this year on all sport fishing for
chinook salmon. Dams on the Snake
and Columbia Rivers are considered
the key reason for the low number of
migratory salmon. Andrus and other
Pacific Northwest governors are supporting a Hells Canyon National
Recreation Area along the Snake
which would ban dams from that
reach of the river.
AUDUBON magazine
*
Page 6
Eagles vs. Cattle?
If a golden eagle can eat one
jackrabbit per day (which it can!)
and if eight jackrabbits will eat as
much grain as one 800 -pound steer
(which they will!), does it then follow
that when somebody illegally shoots
an eagle he saves the lives of 365 rabbits and starves 45 head of cattle?
Conservation News
Open A Can Of Worms
Fishing worms always sulk in the
bottom of a can of dirt; you have to
dump out half the dirt to get them.
Take a coffee can with a plastic lid,
cut out the bottom, and add a plastic
lid from another can. You will be able
to get at the worms easily regardless
of which end of the can they retreat
to.
Missouri Conservationist
*
Try The Bookstore
Several months ago Oregon
Wildlife ran a short review of two
books published by the Portland
Audubon Society. They were
"Familiar Birds of Northwest Forests,
Fields and Gardens" by David B.
Marshall and "Familiar Birds of
Northwest Shores and Waters" by
Harry B. Nehls. We listed Ken
Batchelder, Audubon Society Book
Committee Chairman, as a source for
additional information and gave his
address. Since then he has been
swamped and requested that we mention the books are widely available at
most bookstores or from the Portland
Audubon Society, 5151 NW Cornell
Road, Portland, Oregon 97210. The
price of each book is $2.50 which includes mailing and handling cost.
*
John Moring and Harold Lorz, both
with the Research Division of the
Oregon Department of Fish and
Wildlife, were invited to speak to the
13th Pacific Science Congress held in
Vancouver, B.C. recently.
Moring joined speakers from Indonesia, Japan, Hong Kong, and the
Soviet Union with his discussion of
conflicts between logging activities
and the survival of fingerling salmon
and trout in western Oregon.
Lorz told the scientists of his work
concerning the reduced ability of
small downstream migrant coho
salmon to make the transition from
fresh to salt water after exposure to
copper pollutants.
'\
*
Annual Bird Count Tallied
In the broadest -ranging annual
Christmas Bird Count ever held,
more than 27,000 birdwatchers last
winter combed 1,102 "count areas"
from Central America and the West
Indies to Canada and Alaska. They
tallied almost 80 million birds
representing 603 species.
The long job of compiling and T1
editing the counts has been completed and the results will be published this month in American Birds, the
ornithological magazine of the
National Audubon Society.
*
Wildlife Prints Available
Fish and Wildlife Service "Wildlife
Portrait Series No. 3 ", which consists
of 10 reproductions of watercolor portraits of songbirds common to most
American cities, is available from the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C. 20402. Cost is $3.50
per set.
These reproductions were selected
from a group of 50 published in the
Fish and Wildlife Service book, "Fifty
Birds of Town and City ", which also
is available from the Government
Printing Office. Detailed color portraits included in the series are the
robin, the goldfinch, the song
sparrow, Stellar's jay, the chickadee,
the red -winged blackbird, the mour-
ning dove, the black- headed
grosbeak, the acorn or California
woodpecker, and the killdeer.
*
OCTOBER 1975
'75 Bird Prospects
by Chester E. Kebbe
Biologist, Small Game
Following a public hearing on
August 15 the Department of Fish
and Wildlife adopted generous game
bird regulations which provide continuous hunting opportunities from
August 30, when the grouse season
opened in eastern Oregon, until the
brant season closes on February 22.
During the six -month period 10
species of upland game birds and 38
species of ducks, geese, coots and
snipe will become legal game.
A brief summary of game bird populations and hunting prospects for
1975 follows.
¡\
Upland Game
Production surveys in early August
revealed a statewide pheasant population slightly below that of 1974.
The picture varied greatly by area,
however, with an increase in production observed in the Columbia Basin
and Rogue Valley, a sharp decline in
the Willamette Valley and a popula-
tion comparable to last year in
Malheur County. In spite of fluctuating populations, a fair crop of
birds is available in most areas and,
except in the Willamette Valley,
hunters can look forward to a season
equal to, or slightly better than last
fall.
There was some loss in valley quail
in eastern Oregon due to periods of
severe winter weather but the birds
showed a remarkable ability to
recover following a good nesting
season. Good numbers of quail should
be available in all parts of the state
with brush habitats in Crook, Deschutes, Malheur and Jackson Counties containing the heaviest densities.
The season was shortened from last
year in eastern Oregon and now runs
concurrent with the pheasant season
statewide.
Mountain quail are included with
valley quail in the general season due
to the difficulty in distinguishing
between species where ranges
overlap. Exceptionally high populations were recorded in the brushy
and forested foothills of southwestern
Oregon.
The partridge hunter should find
conditions quite similar to last year.
Production surveys in northeastern
Oregon indicate a decline in pop-
ulations while in central and
southeastern Oregon an increase in
partridge numbers was recorded. Canyon and rimrock areas in the Snake,
Owyhee, Malheur and John Day
River drainages will provide the best
hunting opportunities for this wary
game bird.
Blue and ruffed grouse production
was good throughout the state and
generous hunting seasons are provided. In eastern Oregon the season
opened on August 30 and ran through
September 28, while west of the
Cascades the season extends from
September 13 through November 2.
Hunters will not have the opportunity of bagging a Thanksgiving
turkey this year as the population
remains too low for a general fall
hunt. There will, however, be a spring
gobbler season between April 24 and
May 2 for 300 permit holders.
Waterfowl
Another good water year in the
prairie provinces of Canada created
ideal nesting habitat for a large population of ducks. Surveys of these
areas in late July indicated that
nesting was late but broods were more
numerous than in 1974. Increased
production was recorded for all
species except widgeons, green winged teal and pintails.
The anticipated increase prompted
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to
again provide the states in the Pacific
Flyway with a 93 -day season, with
species restrictions only on the canvasback and redhead. Two of these
ducks in any combination are allowed
in the daily bag.
The Commission selected a duck
and goose season extending from October 11 to January 11 with a bag
limit of 7 ducks per day and 14 in
possession. In the nine Columbia
Basin counties the season extends
through January 18.
Much of the goose production takes
place north of the Arctic Circle where
weather is a major factor in determining nesting success. A blanket of
snow and ice covered the nesting
grounds of the snow goose and poor
production is again anticipated. Low
production in this species for several
years has caused a decline in the population. As a result, hunters will be
restricted to three snow geese in their
goose bag this fall.
Production from two races of
Canada geese was also below normal
and restrictions have been imposed
on them. The bag limit on geese in
western Oregon and in Baker and
Malheur Counties was reduced to two
and the season shortened to
December 28 in the two eastern
Oregon counties.
During October and early
November hunting for both ducks
and geese should be good in the large
marsh areas of Lake, Klamath and
Harney Counties and remain good
until cold weather forces the birds to
continue south.
In the remainder of the state waterfowl numbers will remain low until
wintering birds arrive in November.
As populations increase, hunting
success will also improve. By early
December the best duck and goose
hunting in the state will be found in
the Willamette Valley and along the
Coumbia and Snake Rivers.
Ì-'
OREGON WILDLIFE
Page 7
Visit To A Polish Trawler
by Bob Kuhn
Polish trawler
1
't
:
I,
..
í
,AA3
f.a9
;
".
..1. ,
1
rht'44t
5
141
`_
bottom location. "Fish concentrations could actually be seen moving through the net," Hettman
.4..
.
¡-fa'. -_
"
_¡ .
0- t A^°r"'--r. -
t
,
co
7'0
._r
V
Ili
observed. Other electronic gear on
board gave the Lyra's pilot a picture
of where fish were. "They could raise
and lower the net to pass right
through the concentrations. When a
sufficient amount of fish had been
caught, they would start hauling it
aboard."
From the net directly into the
below -deck factory, Pacific hake were
sent down one of three largely
It's been nearly ten years now since
the giant Russian fishing fleet began
harvesting stocks of groundfish off the
coasts of Oregon, Washington, and
California. Each year the activity has
been on the increase with such diverse
nations as Japan, Poland, East Germany, North Korea, South Korea,
and most recently, West Germany
participating.
At first the foreign fishermen did
not arouse much concern with either
their stateside counterparts or
fisheries research and management
people. However, with the steady increase of fishing pressure over the last
ten years, this attitude has changed.
U.S. State Department negotiations
have resulted in recent agreements
with Japan and Poland which impose
both area closures and yearly quotas
for catch taken off the coast of the
United States. More negotiations are
continuing with other countries and
international diplomatic conference
personnel are working toward an
eventual policy for management of
offshore fishing.
The recent agreement with Poland
opened another door to American
scientists in allowing observers
aboard commercial fishing vessels,
thus giving U.S. researchers a long
awaited chance to see the operation
firsthand. Americans had previously,
by invitation, boarded foreign fishing
vessels but were never given a full
view of below -deck processing or
other activities.
Page
With the new agreement in effect,
the first invitations were not far off in
coming. Gary Hettman, an Oregon
Department of Fish and Wildlife
marine biologist from Newport, and
Jim Beam of the Washington Department of Fisheries were the first guests
of the Polish, spending two weeks
aboard the 280 -foot stern trawler Lyra
as it fished off the coasts of Oregon
and California. "Our specific duties
were to observe the Polish fishing
techniques and gear, make estimates
of catch composition, observe
processing procedures, obtain some
length samples of the target species,
Pacific hake, and to compile fishing
records," Hettman said, "but it
wasn't until Captain Brzezinski, the
fleet commander, came aboard that
we could communicate our exact
needs." Bad weather had delayed his
boarding three days, causing a
language barrier between the two
Americans and the Lyra's crew.
With the communication gap
bridged, first insights into life aboard
a Polish trawler were under way.
"The fishing and processing techniques aboard the Lyra were impressive
and very efficient," Hettman
reported. The mid -water trawl used
was over 350 feet long and brought in
catches of up to 12 metric tons
although it could have held 14 metric
ton hauls. A sophisticated electronics
package transmitted information to
the bridge relating to fish concentrations, the net's opening, and top to
automated processing lines. "The fish
were transported from bins to the
lines by conveyer belts where
machines beheaded, filleted, and
skinned the catch," Hettman noted.
Since hake does not keep well on ice,
the fish were then trimmed by hand,
placed into pans, and quick-frozen
before transportation to cold storage
freezers. Mutilated fish and byproducts from the filleting process
were stockpiled and made into meal
for later use as fertilizer or animal
food.
"We observed and made estimates
of the catch composition on 34 tows
which caught over 123 metric tons,"
Hettman reported upon his return to
shore. "Over 97 percent of the catch
was Pacific hake, with rockfish
dominating the incidental catch of
other species. Five chinook salmon,
ranging from 8 to 12 pounds, were
observed in the catches. However,
they were returned to the ocean with
the rest of the incidentally caught
fish."
The two Americans observed a
small amount of the incidental catch
being turned into meal but, as a
general rule, anything that wasn't
hake went over the side. "Earlier this
year a Polish vessel was seized off San
Francisco and heavily fined. I got the
impression that the incident had
struck fear into the Polish fleet and
that they were walking the straight
and narrow path concerning the
bilateral fishing agreement," Hettman said.
8
OCTOBER 1975
The Coast Guard cutter Cape
Carter emerged out of the fog to take
the two American biologists
."
=s,.
-;_
:
<=
r` -
_
6
r
o
/"-I
.
'41,
r-4'
frnl
n -14r
xI7A
eb,
cdm+
'.
< +<-.,.
-
ti?.
NI6
1..
1
M
.
''tx
record haul of 20 metric tons of hake aboard a Polish ship.
Photos courtesy of Marc Lifsher the Coos Bay World.
A
OREGON WILDLIFE
.`.'%
.f
homeward again after their 15 -day
stay on the Lyra. Upon Hettman's
return to Newport, the Poles issued a
second invitation, but this time with
a specific objective in mind. A group
of Polish scientists had joined the
fishing fleet to complete a set of
research projects and wanted to meet
with some of their American counterparts.
So on July 20, Jack Robinson, an
aquatic biologist specializing in
groundfish and shrimp for the
Department of Fish and Wildlife,
joined three scientists from the
National Marine Fisheries Service in
Seattle for an all -day session aboard
the Andromeda, anchored off the
coast of Coos Bay.
"The first stop when we got aboard
was the officer's mess where our hosts
fed us to death," related Robinson
about the quantity of food.
Getting down to business, it was
agreed that the Americans and Poles
would begin working together in
gathering information on the hake
catch. Subject to approval by the
U.S. State Department, the scientists
further agreed that the Polish
biologists would be aboard each of
four American scientific boats when
they study fish in the fall. Information will be traded on the age of the
fish in the harvest and any differences
in the results and methods of collection.
Polish scientists will also visit the
Northwest Fisheries Center in Seattle
to further learn about American
research currently going on. The
Polish wanted American marine
biologists to participate in some
cooperative projects aboard their
trawlers this fall; however, previous
commitments made it impossible this
year.
Robinson indicated the entire
meeting was held in an atmosphere of
cordiality and that scientists from
both countries were in agreement on
just about everything. "We found
their methods of sampling and estimating the commercial hake catch
to be satisfactory," Robinson concluded, "but we did request that they
give us better records of the incidental catch by area in the future."
Page 9
Fur Trapping -A Half
Million Dollar Business
by Chet Kebbe
Staff Biologist,
Small Game Management
Editor's Note: The oldest industry in
Oregon is still active and shows signs
of continuing for many years with
proper management. In the following
article Chet Kebbe discusses the
1974 -75 fur take by trappers. Contrary to what some sources of information would have one believe, the
populations of our state animal, the
beaver, are thriving. As one of the articles we had recently pointed out,
our beaver habitat is full and the busy
animals regularly get into trouble
because of their brushes with human
populations.
In a time when the saving of energy
is being stressed, it might be well to
consider that the use of natural fur for
garments is one of the most direct
ways to utilize solar energy. It has
been done since the beginning of
civilization as the furbearers feed
upon plants grown naturally utilizing
sunlight. Whereas the creation of synthetic furs in many cases uses
petroleum products in a non recyclable fashion, the use of natural
furs can be an endless process if this
renewable resource is managed
properly.
Oregon's fur crop varies from year
to year with the price for individual
types of furs largely dependent on the
fashion world. However, from a
biological standpoint controlled trapping seasons allow an orderly harvest
of a surplus created by nature. With
continuing control, the crop should
continue for many years to come.
'75 Trapping Seasons Set
The 1975 seasons for taking furbearing animals have been set by the Oregon
Fish and Wildlife Commission. Season dates and areas open to trapping are
generally similar to last year.
A general summary of season dates and open areas is shown but prospective
trappers should be sure to consult a copy of the trapping regulations synopsis for
more specific details. The booklets will be available from the Department of
Fish and Wildlife's Alder Street office in Portland after about October 1.
1975 FURBEARER SEASONS
Species
Area
Mink
Lake, Klamath and Harney Counties
Nov.
Balance of State
Nov. 15 -Jan. 15
Marten
Statewide
Nov. 15 -Feb. 15
Muskrat
Lake, Klamath and Harney Counties
Nov.
1
-Mar. 31
Malheur County
Nov.
1
-Mar.
Balance of State
Nov. 15 -Mar. 15
Raccoon
Statewide
Beaver and
River Otter
Grant and Harney Counties
Balance of State (many closures)
Fisher, Ringtail Cat, Wolverine,
Kit Fox, and Sea Otter
Page 10
Dates
1
-Jan.
15
Trappers during the 1974 -75 trapping season reported catching 82,210
fur animals having a sale value of
$482,239.12. This represents approximately 88 percent of the fur
harvest since 180 of the 1,530 licensed
trappers failed to file a catch report.
The accompanying chart shows the
take of fur animals by county and the
revenue derived from the sale of pelts.
Beaver and muskrats were again the
main revenue producers, accounting
for nearly 50 percent of the trapper's
income. More than half of the total
fur harvest was comprised of muskrat
pelts.
Long- haired furs were again in demand but market prices had dropped
slightly from 1974. Bobcats brought
the trapper an average of $37 per pelt
compared with $54 last year while the
average price of coyotes declined from
$20 to $15. Raccoon and fox fur prices
remained unchanged.
The opossum and nutria are two
exotic animals which are showing up
in fur catch reports in increasing
numbers each year. The higher catch
is due not only to wider distribution
and increased numbers but to an increasing demand for these species.
Over 11,000 nutria were trapped last
winter while less than 100 were being
taken annually 15 years ago. A fair
price for opossums also stimulated
some trapping effort on this abundant
fur animal.
(See chart on next page for details)
15
No Closed Season
Nov.
1
-Feb.
15
Nov. 15 -Feb. 15
No Open Season
OCTOBER 1975
O1
69
t0D
V
CMCOO
H
CO
.-C
00
d'
Q) v.
O O
CO
OOp
V
M toCO
CO
ti
M
V'
qi
M
Ñ
W
O Ñ
0
.M-
Ñ
CO
.C.0
N
.M
c'7
íN0
.M-i
aN0
ci O Ñ
I
I
O)
C
p
CD
O
Ñ
001
I
M
`W
V'
tp CV
ti
M
Ñ
an
1O
I
I
I
N O
IR8!°
N N
I
CO
ER CO
I
I
.
aD
p]
M
I
I
CO
O1
01
P1
Ñ
c.;6
M N
I
I
CO
N
pÓp
pVp'
M
O
cyOp
0
E:!
I
N
Ñ
I
O
Ñ
co
í0O
Ñ
N
Ñ
CD
v-1
r.
.O-
Ñ2(Np
I2
I
CM
Di
W
N
0W
OO
N -î
Nd'
40
CL1
CL
CO
I
-;
r
N
OO
b
I
CONyD
V'
V'
CD
I
I
I
W
CO
O
CV CD
Cp
C'09
N
yÑ.
I
GÓV
I
N
Ñ
v.
OD O]
N
O
O O
Ñ
w4
pQÑ1
Ó
CÓ cu]
ee
LO
00
CO 000 CD
EC
cyD
I
I
09
.M.
UD Ui
pT co
CO
ri g6
CO
T
M 01
ci
pppp
r4
O
O400
CNO
O
O O
Vu) O Ñ
e4 ee
Ñ 0 lCD
aDU
co
CD
Ui
8
CD
C!
°°11118I11111111E R81ElE1g.111111
..
N
..
OOg2
et Op
CO:
4
CO
CND
OM
N
Op
..
co
Cl
co,
O
CO CO ..
CD
CO CO d' .. V'
.-4
.M+
pÓ
.0 O
0
CO
.~-I-I
ppÑ
?
N
r..NI
69
I
[
N
r
N
CO co
cMd
..
Q
gg ON
.- ti
CD
Ñ
OD
Ñ4
CON
ER 22 uJ
O,
7t
y
OpNCR
tD ti
NppD
VC7
Ñ
..
..
At
ND
24
í4
4 M
CNb
At
4g
co
..
CND
CV
MCl
40fi
Q01
er
CdJ
I
p
a0
I
N M
OO
P]
29
M M
OO
r
N
p
10
M
M
CNf
O1
01
NB
0y0
47 Lr
Ó ñ
O0
O._IO
C00
v
OD
M
ñ
00
N
CO
CO
N
CO
V'
V'
eD yO.
O
.'
.~.
tD
O
C]
N
.
Ñ
01
.0
Cr0 CrQ
co
co
0
[r CA
Oa
er
w.
7
.O.
CMD
O 00
Óp
-; - a
CÓ
..
Op
I
8i
I
Ó
CD
.. ..
$482,239.12
O
M
.
v.
ti
N
CO
$50,674.14 $4,395.43
CD
N
$47,368.80 11, 606
ef0'
COyMOp.
C.4
Cd7
r
e
3,240
M
Ñ
4
z
Ñ
d0'
t0
..
.
.i M
CO
dr' M
W.
O
r.
Ñ.
N
CV CV
N
.-Ì
CO
Cl
N
00
....O
M
V
CD
Cl
N N
COO
400
CSO
S
N
o
cDC°DN
CO
N ui
CO
CV
Ui Vi
ui
SA
400
Ñ
CO
51Gp
CO
I
V cDC°i
CD
V'
N
1
I
I
O
O
CO N
~.S.'"N.O.1.N.
<
Ó
u
<
CD
01
ti".
t
a01
!
d0'
Ñ
CO
.-
CO
p
CD CD
.-1
M N
E
u
á
ó
<-
T:
z
C'7
1
1
1
gr
a0v
.-c M
.+
.-1
I"
Ct
1° 122
1
CO
I
míro,m
Od'
L
ó N
I
d'
MCN
vM N
CD
Ó
cc -
D
¢w
>
a
W
M
N
Ñ
CO
O
CD
OMD
OND
4
m
U
4
..
N
pi,
u.
a0aaa
..
V' V
p
z
4E
OD
..
c'7
4
l
nMC0M0°2tD
O O
N
M
CD
O'
CD
E
Y
z
z
u
40
0O O1
>
t
Ñ
c
E
4
CC
á
i
n.
O
pp
Ñ
O
v.
40
.O
N
ó
Z
El
Ñ
iO
M
Ñ
CO
CO
M
C4
N
v
Cl
CO
C`7
..
N
Cl
r ai N
e
Nti..N.,
CO
4Ú
co
Vr' CO
I
U)
.d-.
y' Op
00 0O V'
O
.N.
My
.M
p
p
CO v.
Q1
M
Oppp
er
I
CO
.O
COO
CO
0 N .- .-
ci
IV
N
.r
8
CO u.O
co 40
rD
40 .~.
OD
.-r.
.M-4
CND
CD
Cl .
O._101
.N_I
Ñ
CD
OD
CO CD
CD
OM1
Ó
1
1
V'
.-
CÑO
V' CN
.-
C.Ma
w4
O
CO
00
Ñ .ti
021-+ 0 O
CO
O1
01 sa
00i
NM
.-
40
.N-c
0
CO
V0O
O
M OB
S8
S80°84
20óOp
f/9
CO$
Ñ
Ñ..4e.. Ñ ~
N
Ñ
cpó
00i
el
CO 400
W
ó
u'a ..
N
M
CO
CN
a0a
.
M
.
i
Ñ
.-i
.-Ì
ER
.0
Ó
Ó1
cD
CO
C00
y
OO
N
CO
N
d'
r CO
0
w4
M.Nr.
N M
d0'
VO'
Cd7
.
.
.
VO'
..
ó
Ñ Ó
I
W O
.
N
caON
LO
CO
0i
O
CD
22 S2
CO
ca
I
Ñ
I
00
C
=ofl
'
CO
c0
COO
..
I
.
:
°óó7mg
7 m.m
m
.-Ì
O
ON1
pNCpp
CD
CO
4N0
VO'
Ó
4q
fn
1
CV
CD
r O
CO
V'
Ñ
p
O
y.
Cl
01
EV
y'
OO
Cl CO
..
Cdp'
CpÑp
CV
O
.i
O1
8
CO
NN
fco
0O
CO CO
COO
t
p1
p
N
CN
'r
I
CD
I
rn
1
CO
d' Ñ
pp
CO
V'
co
I
CpÑpp
Oro
pppp
u.00'J
12
1
CV
QN1
I
O
CD
N
.r.
ti
.Mf
tN0
0 V'
4;
Ñ M VOO
.y N
.-i Op
c0
aN0
I
ffOpO
Cl
Ei
40 M
0i ui
Ñ
.O-I
.-Ì
CO
CrN
Ñ
I..
M
ui
.-Î
~
.~Ny
p
V'
CNO
Ñ
óÑ
CNO
00 CA VD CD CD
CO
V'
V
M
Ñ
.-1
.1
RD
CO
C._100
M
Ñ
40
..`d' .ti
r
.
.
:
:
ti
.
71 VD
.N.
`te Ei 5g
CO
Ñ M
M
CO
01 wA
00 V'
CD
M
V
°
arj
40 V' 40
.
>
CÓ
Ó
V'
i
c+Ma
I
D
CO
.
Ñ
C0O
4M0
m
CN-
I
O.4 O..
40
..
S
Ñ
O
CO
O
I
I2C
..
CD
N
I
ó
N
N
.
N29
..
'
G
aò
CE b x
o
CO
COO
..
.
.
.
.
g2 CO
.
.
.
.
at
I
.
.
40 t-
Cd7
.
.
.
.
.
m
.
ÿ
m
á.4ä
S
M
C7 V'
N
N.-
..
CO
OM1
VM'
Y
CO
I.. O
I
CO
CON
.
.
.
Gao E
m
C o7-m.r
ó
M
M
:
=
.NI
m Ç
128
4ñ
N
40
N
C_p1
I
Ñ.t M29 Ñ
.
.
.
.
:
oa
wË m
'
1-1
148i8
1
.i
.
~ CO
.OD
.
M
Ñ
.
M
CO
C.00
Ñ.-.
40
I
Cp CpM
CD ..
I
CO
.O-f
..
CI:
Ñ
g.
8 a
má
°m óew
coa000000AcDcDxxx
mxá;aa
m
g
01
O
.4
T O ÑO
V
I
M
..
d0'
OrO
CD
2
I
uJ
N
M
CO
RR CR
CO
880V',V'Ñ
1
ñ
ñ
.. .. .. N
M
..
c0
'.11
O
I
pp
Ó t0
.-i N .-i Cl
c.M-O4
O
.-Ì
M
o
fCOpO
tp
00
CO
y
I
.
°-`9,0
'
cp0p
CV.
Ñ219..-c M.r.
eli
CpM9p
u .M pp4
p
CO
-
.}
CO
O
í00
.
at
Ñ
29
I48Op°
l
I
.
CD
1
°
I
aO
ÓN
4) .+
CO
I
CpD
pi Do op 7r
CD
D
CN0
.
C`0
.4.
ó
..
O
OOO
Cp
O1
(0(++1
..
40
CO
CO
ti
°4°ó
m
.. Ñ
..
ON1
COrD
40
er M OO
OO CO 40
.i Ñ
..
u)
CD
ER
01
pQVp1'
MÑ Ñ o
M
OOy
V'
.. N M Ñ M~ Ñ N
Vp
V'
o 4T0 o
C O
Cr)
01
V'
a0
O
a.0
O co
W V; co
I
eu CV
M
V' c0
O
OP CP
OD
Ó
1
rî
pb1
1O
4[a
pOpp
C0pp0
Cl
00
pÑ1
M
CyÑO'
COpDO
N
Ñ
Q1
.-i
co
Ñ
I
4d
CO
..
M
CO
d'
1
4OCCpp]
O1
..
yy''
.+
el
T
Vr'
V'
04
t.p4
N
ua
d '
.~-1
I
4r0
rig
.4.
4
ñ
C0000
CD
O N
M
fOÓpO
0yp.
fi49
ó
oc-:
UD
2
1
ti
.-Ì
z
M
.r.
CCCOpD
CD
o. co
N
r'
M
..
Ñ 0.4
1
V'
14DNMM
I
Cp4Op
y'
E
CO+Op
CO
.-+
M
p:
Iti132--1
69
N
Ñ
2-r
z
CCd(p'
I22ÑAIIÑI°IIII2IMt;iIgc922M4814IIIIII4IM
d
ci
..cScióUS
r
Ó
z
r
CO
D
tA
CÑp
O O
N
V' M
I
..
CO
,
oW_
ca
CO
5
C
:a
E
1,473
co co
rî
V'
V' O1
Ci
ñ
er
...
$1,379.30 1,128 $23,231.82
N
t-
E
M
y
Ñ
648
d
Z
ic,u)
Ñ
1[]
$120,715.20 5,436 $55,066.68
cc
COq
M
9,090
Wø
E
a
O co
p1
I
$105,355.24
g
1
ONO
$7,920.54 46,412
M.
.. QN
CO
M
OD
339 $11,675.16 1,114
o
d0'
íOq
1,350
.. .
4O0
p
2
Ua
M
TOTALS
00p
W V'
1Ö
O
$54,456.81
Ch
M9
a0
52
52
CD
Ó
E-
Licensing
Centralized
4
!r
4 %,
Norm Goodfellow tries to make some order
out of the chaos following consolidation of
licensing functions. All types of licenses are
now available through the SW 17th and Alder
office in Portland.
The Oregon Department of Fish
and Wildlife has consolidated all
licensing functions in one building at
1634 SW Alder in Portland.
Commercial fishing licenses, fish
buyer licenses, and all other licenses
previously issued by the Fish Commission of Oregon plus hunting and
angling licenses, trapping licenses,
and other licenses issued by the
Oregon Wildlife Commission are all
now available from the same source.
These two agencies which merged
to form the Oregon Department of
Fish and Wildlife on July 1 are still
using two buildings while larger
facilities are being sought.
Steel Shot Required
The use of ammunition loaded with
nonlead shot will be required again
this year for waterfowl hunting at the
Department of Fish and Wildlife's
Sauvie Island area and will also be a
fact of life at four federal refuges
where waterfowl hunting is allowed.
William Finley, Ankeny, Baskett
Slough, and Umatilla National
Wildlife Refuges will restrict waterfowl hunting to those using shot shells loaded with steel pellets.
Oregon
-Z 114
/
Department of
Fish and
Wildlife
1
1634 S. W. ALDER STREET
P. 0. BOX 3503
PORTLAND, OREGON 97208
Road Closure Program Continues
Vehicle restrictions will again be in
effect in many popular deer and elk
hunting areas when the seasons open
this fall, according to the Department
of Fish and Wildlife.
Some 24 areas totaling nearly 950,000 acres in eastern Oregon and five
areas involving more than 56,000
acres in western Oregon will be
affected by road closures.
In these areas many secondary
roads will be closed to travel by
motorized vehicle and all off-road
vehicle traffic will be prohibited.
Primary roads in most instances will
remain open and hunters are reminded that these areas are not closed to
hunting.
The restrictions will provide more
escape avenues for game animals and
at the same time afford hunters a
chance for a higher quality hunt on
foot or horseback without the interference of others driving motor
vehicles on and off the roads.
Cooperative closures administerec.
by the Department of Fish and
Wildlife and the U.S. Forest Service
are listed in the Game Mammal
Regulations booklet available free
from license agents throughout the
state. It is also possible that some of
the national forests may be closing
some roads outside of the cooperative
closure areas.
The road closure program has been
overwhelmingly accepted by most
hunters because it has helped put the
"hunt" back in hunting. In some
national forests extensive road
networks constructed for timber
harvest have proven detrimental to
game herds because they make the
animals too accessible. The number
of roads a deer or elk must cross in
some areas to get from summer range
to winter range has doubled or even
tripled in the last ten years.
Applications Due Sauvie Island
Waterfowl hunting in the east -side
units of the Department of Fish and
Wildlife's Sauvie Island Management
Area will again be offered through a
reservations system this year.
Applications should be submitted
on a form available from license
agents and from Portland and regional
offices of the Department of Fish and
Wildlife. The forms give complete instructions for applying and list the
periods that may be applied for along
with application deadlines for each
Hunting Period
Nov. 1 through Nov. 15
Nov. 16 through Nov. 30
Dec. 1 through Dec. 15
Dec. 16 through Dec. 31
Jan.
1
through Jan.
11
/""'N
period.
Up to four people may apply
together as a "party ". If applicants
exceed the shooting opportunities for
any specific period, a public drawing
will be conducted to select the
successful applicants.
The hunting periods, application
deadline date for each one, and drawing dates are listed below. (See
Oregon Game Bird Regulations
Synopsis for open hunting days.)
Application
Deadline Date
5 p.m. Oct. 17
5 p.m. Oct. 31
5 p.m. Nov. 14
5 p.m. Nov. 28
5 p.m. Dec. 12
No more than one aplication may
be submitted for each shooting
period. Reservations will be mailed
Drawing Date
10
10
10
10
10
a.m. Oct. 20
a.m. Nov. 3
a.m. Nov. 17
a.m. Dec. 1
a.m. Dec. 15
successful applicants immediately
following each drawing.