PUBLICATIONS OF DR. STEPHEN LIU
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S. Liu, “Prediction of Hardenability of SAE 8620 Steel from Chemical Composition and Prior Austenite Grain
Size”, M.Sc. Thesis, Escola de Engenharia da UFMG, May 1979.
S. Liu et al., “Identification of the Mechanisms of Y Cracks Formation During the Roughing Stage in the
Blooming Mill”, in Conf. Proc., XXXV Annual ABM Conference, pp. 103-116, São Paulo, Brazil, July 1980.
S. Liu and C.A. Bottrel-Coutinho, “Comparison of the Jominy Curve Predictors’, in Symp. Proc., I COMFIT
Symposium, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, April 1980.
S. Liu and C.A. Bottrel-Coutinho, “Prediction of Hardenability of Steels”, in Conf. Proc., XXXV Annual
ABM Conference, pp. 131-146, São Paulo, Brazil, July 1980.
S. Liu, C.B. Dallam, and D.L. Olson, “Performance of the CaF2-CaO-SiO2 System as a Submerged Arc
Welding Flux for a Niobium Based HSLA Steel”, in Conf. Proc. on ’Welding Technology for Energy
Applications’, AWS/ASM/ORNL, Conf. 820544, pp. 455-465, Gatlinburg, Tennessee, May 1982.
S. Liu, “Introduction to Fatigue Behavior”, in Conf. Proc. on ’Repair and Maintenance of Heavy Equipment’,
AWS/ASM/CSM, pp. 17-31, Denver, Colorado, November 1982.
D.L. Olson, S. Liu, et al., “Submerged Arc Welding”, in ASM ’Metals Handbook on Welding, Brazing and
Soldering’, V. 6, 9th Edition, pp. 114-152, l983.
S. Liu, “The Role of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Controlling Weld Metal Microstructures in Niobium
Microalloyed Steels”, Ph.D. Dissertation T-2923, Colorado School of Mines, July l984.
C.B. Dallam, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Flux Composition Dependence of Microstructure and Toughness of
Submerged Arc HSLA Weldments”, Welding Journal, 64 (5), pp. 140s-151s, May 1985.
S. Liu and C.T. Su, “Performance Evaluation of a Metal Powder Cored Strip Electrode in High Speed
Electroslag Welding”, in ’Advances in Welding Science and Technology’, ASM/AWS, pp. 401-411,
Gatlinburg, Tennessee, May 1986.
S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “The Role of Inclusions in Controlling HSLA Steel Weld Microstructures”, Welding
Journal, 65 (6), pp. 139s-150s, June 1986.
S. Liu, C.M. Tsai and P. Norquist, “Simulation of Multi-Pass Welding using a PC”, presented in ASM
Materials Week Conference on ’Computers in Industrial Processes’, Orlando, Florida, October 1986.
S. Liu and C.T. Su, “Innovations in Electroslag Welding”, in Conf. Proc. on ’Manufacturing Processes,
Machines, and Systems Research’, National Science Foundation, pp. 29-35, Gainesville, Florida, November
1986.
C.E. Cross, Ø. Grong, S. Liu, and J. Capes, “Metallography and Welding Process Control”, in ’Handbook of
Applied Metallography’, edited by G.F. Vander Voort, IMS/Van Nostrand Reinhold, pp. 197-210, November
l986.
S. Liu, D.L. Olson, and D.K. Matlock, “A Thermodynamic and Kinetic Approach of the Development of
Expressions for Alloy Behavior Prediction”, Journal of Heat Treating, 4 (4), pp. 309-316, December 1986.
S. Liu, “Measurement and Identification of Weld Metal Inclusions”, in ’Metallography and Interpretation of
Weld Microstructures’, edited by J. McCall, D. Olson and I. LeMay, IMS/ASM, AWS, pp. 87-131, Denver,
Colorado, June 1987.
S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “The Influence of Inclusion Chemical Composition on Weld Metal Microstructure”,
ASM Journal of Materials for Energy Systems, 9 (3), pp. 237-251, October 1987.
S. Liu and C.T. Su, “Grain Refinement in the HAZ of High Speed Electroslag Weldments”, in ’Welding
Metallurgy of Structural Steels’, AIME, pp. 439-453, Denver, Colorado, October 1987.
S. Liu, Review of “Welding Metallurgy - Author: S. Kou - Publisher: Wiley Interscience” in American
Scientist, January 1988.
D. Thomas and S. Liu, “Interpretive Report on Electroslag, Electrogas, and Related Welding Processes”,
Welding Research Council Bulletin 338, November 1988.
S. Liu and T.A. Siewert, “Metal Transfer Mode in Gas Metal Arc Welding: Droplet Rate”, Welding Journal,
68 (2), pp. 52s-58s, February 1989.
S. Liu and J.E. Indacochea, “Weldability of Carbon and Low Alloyed Steels,” in ASM ’Metals Handbook on
Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High Performance Alloys’, V. 1, 10th Edition, pp. 603-613, March
1989.
S. Liu and C.T. Su, “Grain Refinement in Electroslag Weldments by Metal Powder Addition”, Welding
Journal, 68 (4), pp. 132s-144s, April 1989.
24. S. Liu, T.A. Siewert, and H.G. Lan. “Metal Transfer Modes in GMAW”, in ’Recent Trends in Welding
Science and Technology’, ASM, pp. 475-480, Gatlinburg, Tennessee, May, 1989.
25. S. Ibarra, D.L. Olson, and S. Liu, “Functional Forms of Equations to predict Steel Weld Metal Properties”, in
Conf. Proc. on ’Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - Materials Engineering’, ASME, Vol. B, pp.
517-524, Houston, Texas, February 1990.
26. “Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering -Vol. III A and B - Materials Engineering,” Editors: M.M.
Salama, S. Liu, et al., ASME, 699 pages, Houston, Texas, February 1990.
27. S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “A New Approach to Welding Engineer Education”, Welding Journal, 69 (3), pp. 3840, March 1990.
28. D.L. Olson and S. Liu, “Review of Capillarity Driven Methods to Measure Surface Diffusion”, CSM Report
MT-CWR-090-024, presented at Scanning Microscopy Conference 1990, Bethesda, MD, May 1990.
29. D. Bunnel, S. Liu, and D.L. Olson, “Low Hydrogen SMAW Electrodes Moisture Content Determination
using Electrical Capacitance”, Journal of Materials Engineering, 12 (2), pp. 159-165, June 1990.
30. S. Liu, T.A. Siewert, G. Adam, and H.G. Lan, “Correlation of GMAW Metal Droplet Transfer with Welding
Process Parameters”, in Conf. Proc. on ’Computer Technology in Welding’, The Welding Institute, pp. 26-35,
Brighton, UK, June 1990.
31. G.R. Edwards and S. Liu, “Recent Developments in HSLA Steel Welding”, in Symp. Proc. on ’Advances in
Welding Metallurgy’, First US-Japan Symposium - AWS/JWS/JWES, pp. 215-293, San Francisco, U.S.A.
and Yokohama, Japan, June 1990.
32. S. Liu, “Underwater Welding Consumables Research”, CSM Report MT-CWR-090-016, submitted to WRC,
August 1990.
33. D.L. Olson, S. Liu, and G.R. Edwards, “Role of Solidification on HSLA Steel Weld Metal Chemistry”, in
’Weldability of Materials’, ASM, pp. 183-189, Detroit, Michigan, October 1990.
34. S. Liu and J.E. Indacochea, “Control of Chemical Composition and Microstructure in Low Carbon
Microalloyed Steel Weldments” in ’Welding: Theory and Practices’, Ed. D.L. Olson, R. Dixon, and A. Liby,
Volume 8 of the Series on “Materials Processing - Theory and Practices’, pp. 117-148, North Holland Physics
Publishing, 1990.
35. D.L. Olson and S. Liu, “The Influence of Weld Metal Microalloy Additions to Extend the Heat Input Range
for the Submerged Arc Welding of HY-130 Steel”, CSM Report MT-CWR-090-027, submitted to ONR and
DTRC, December 1990.
36. J.R. Hannahs, S. Liu, et al., “Electroslag Welding”, in AWS ’Welding Handbook on Welding Processes’, V.
2, 8th Edition, pp. 271-298, 1991.
37. G.R. Edwards and S. Liu, “Welding Technology in Japan and Korea,” ONR Far East Scientific Information
Bulletin (NAVSO P-3580) 16 (2): 81-899, 1991.
38. G.R. Edwards and S. Liu, “Shielded Metal Arc Welding Consumables for Advanced High Strength Steels”,
CSM Report MT-CWR-091-006, submitted to ONR and DTRC, February 1991.
39. S. Liu, S. Ibarra, and D.L. Olson, “Electrode Formulation for Underwater Welding”, in Intl. Conf. Proc.
’Underwater Welding’, AWS, pp. 98-119, New Orleans, Louisiana, March 1991.
40. S. Ibarra, D.L. Olson, and S. Liu, “Effect of Water Depth on Underwater Weld Metal Porosity Formation”, in
Intl. Conf. Proc. ’Underwater Welding’, AWS, pp. 54-69, New Orleans, Louisiana, March 1991.
41. D.L. Olson, S. Ibarra, and S. Liu, “Selection of Resilient Welding Parameters for Arctic Fabrication and
Repair”, in Conf. Proc. on ’Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - Materials Engineering’, ASME, Vol.
A, pp. 125-130, Stavanger, Norway, June 1991.
42. “Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering -Vol. III A - Materials Engineering,” Editors: M.M. Salama, S.
Liu, et al., ASME, 304 pages, Stavanger, Norway, June 1991.
43. S. Liu, G.P. Martins, D.L. Olson, and G.R. Edwards, “Modeling of Brazing Processes that use Coatings and
Interlayers,” Welding Journal, 70 (8), pp. 207s-215s, August 1991.
44. S. Liu, “Weldability of Nitrogen Enhanced Vanadium Steels”, CSM Report MT-CWR-091-021, submitted to
Stratcor, September 1991.
45. W. Frick, S. Liu et al., “Brazing Handbook”, American Welding Society, 493 pages, September 1991.
46. S. Liu, “Underwater Welding Consumables Research”, CSM Report MT-CWR-091-022, submitted to WRC,
September 1991.
47. P.R. Heald, R.B. Madigan, T. Siewert, and S. Liu, “Droplet Transfer Modes for a Mil 100S-1 GMAW
Electrode”, NISTIR 3976, NIST, October 1991.
48. S. Brandi, C. Taniguchi, and S. Liu, “Analysis of Metal Transfer in Shielded Metal Arc Welding”, Welding
Journal, 70 (10), pp. 261s-270s, October 1991.
49. S. Ibarra, D.L. Olson, and S. Liu, “Fundamental Prediction of Steel Weld Metal Properties”, ASME Journal of
Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 113(4), pp. 327-333, November 1991.
50. D.L. Olson, S. Liu, and J.E. Ramirez, “The Influence of Weld Metal Microalloy Additions to Extend the Heat
Input Range for the Submerged Arc Welding of HY-130 Steel”, CSM Report MT-CWR-092-008, submitted
to ONR and DTRC, January 1992.
51. A.O. Kluken, D.L. Olson, S. Liu, and G.R. Edwards, “Predictive Models for High Strength Steel HAZ
Microstructures and Properties”, CSM Report MT-CWR-092-009, January 1992.
52. F.C. Liao and S. Liu, “Effect of Deoxidation Sequence on HSLA Steel Weld Metal Microstructure”, Welding
Journal, 71(3), pp. 94s-103s. March 1992.
53. S. Liu, “Metallography of HSLA Steel Weldments”, in ’Ferrous Alloy Weldments’, Trans Tech Publications,
pp. 1-18, April 1992.
54. D.L. Olson, G.R. Edwards, S. Liu, and D. K. Matlock, “Non-Equilibrium Behavior of Weld Metal in Flux
Related Processes”, IIS/IIW-1162-92, 1992.
55. S. Liu, D. L. Olson, A.Q. Bracarense, and J.E. Ramirez, “Development of a Shielded Metal Arc Electrode for
Welding HSLA-100 Steels: Effect of Titanium on Weld Metal Microstructure and Properties”, CSM Report
MT-CWR-092-020, submitted to Peterson Builders, Inc., May 1992.
56. A.O. Kluken, S. Ibarra, S. Liu, and D.L. Olson, “Use of Predictive Equations for Arctic Steel Heat Affected
Zone Properties”, in Conf. Proc. on ’Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - Materials Engineering’,
ASME, Vol. A, pp. 1-7, Calgary, Canada, June 1992.
57. S. Liu, S. Ibarra, and D.L. Olson, “Underwater Wet Welding of Steels”, AWS Welding Handbook, Volume
III, 9th Edition, pp. 469-481, 1992.
58. “Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering -Vol. III A - Materials Engineering,” Editors: M.M. Salama, S.
Liu, et al., ASME, 249 pages, Calgary, Canada, June 1992.
59. G.R. Edwards and S. Liu, “Fundamental Aspects of Metal-to-Ceramic Brazing”, CSM Report MT-CWR-092035, submitted to ONR, August 1992.
60. S. Brandi, C. Taniguchi, and S. Liu, “Analysis of Metal Transfer in Shielded Metal Arc Welding”, IIW DOC
II-1182-92, 1992.
61. J.E. Ramirez and S. Liu, “Diffusion Brazing in the Nickel-Boron System”, Welding Journal, 71 (10), pp.
365s-375s. October 1992.
62. S. Liu, D.L. Olson and J.E. Ramirez, “The Influence of Weld Metal Alloying Additions to Extend the Heat
Input Range for the Submerged Arc Welding of High Strength Steels”, CSM Report MT-CWR-093-002,
January 1993.
63. S. Liu, D. L. Olson and M. Onsøien, “Use of Selected Gas Composition to Achieve Optimum Weld
Properties”, CSM Report MT-CWR-093-020, submitted to AGA AB and Amoco Corporation Research,
August 1993.
64. D.L. Olson, G.R. Edwards, S. Liu, and D. K. Matlock, “Non-Equilibrium Behavior of Weld Metal in FluxRelated Processes”, Welding in the World, 31 (2), pp.142-154, 1993.
65. K.S. Bang, S. Liu, and D.L. Olson, “Modeling of Reaction Layers Growth in Reactive Metal Brazing”, in
Conf. Proc. on ’Research Trends in Welding Science and Technology’, pp. 1129-1134, Gatlinburg, Tennessee,
March 1993.
66. M.Q. Johnson, G.L. Fredrickson, S. Liu, and G.R. Edwards. “Consumables Development for Advanced High
Strength Steels”, in Conf. Proc. on ’Research Trends in Welding Science and Technology’, pp. 353-358,
Gatlinburg, Tennessee, March 1993.
67. R.H. Frost, S. Liu, and D.L. Olson. “Influence of Solidification on Inclusion Formation in Welds”, in Conf.
Proc. on ’Research Trends in Welding Science and Technology’, pp. 205-209, Gatlinburg, Tennessee, March
1993.
68. D.L. Olson, S. Liu, S. Ibarra, and O. Runnerstam, “Oxygen as a Welding Parameter: The Role of Light
Metallography”, Microstructural Science, V.20, pp. 31-44, IMS, May 1993.
69. A.O. Kluken, S. Ibarra, S. Liu, and D.L. Olson, “Aptness of Predictive Equations for Arctic Steel Heat
Affected Zone Properties”, in Intl. Conf. Proc. on ’Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - Materials
Engineering’, ASME, Vol. A, pp. 35-40, Glasgow, U.K., June 1993.
70. F.C. Liao, S. Liu, and D.L. Olson, “Weldability of Nitrogen-Enhanced Steels”, in Intl. Conf. Proc. on
’Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering -Materials Engineering’, ASME, Vol. A, pp. 231-244, Glasgow,
U.K., June 1993.
71. A. Sanchez-Osio, S. Liu, S. Ibarra, and D.L. Olson, “Underwater Wet Welding Electrodes”, in Intl. Conf.
Proc. on ’Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering -Materials Engineering’, ASME, Vol. A, pp. 119-128,
Glasgow, U.K., June 1993.
72. ”Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering -Vol. III A - Materials Engineering,” Editors: M.M. Salama, S.
Liu, et al., ASME, 423 pages, Glasgow, United Kingdom, June 1993.
73. D.L. Olson, T.A. Siewert, S. Liu, and G.R. Edwards, “Welding, Brazing, and Soldering,” ASM Metals
Handbook, Volume 6, 10th Edition, 1299 pages, December 1993.
74. G.R. Edwards and S. Liu, “Fundamental Aspects of Metal-to-Ceramic Brazing”, CSM Report MT-CWR-093022, submitted to ONR, August 1993.
75. F.C. Liao and S.Liu, “Fundamental Understanding of the Role of Nitride Precipitates in the Weldability of
High Nitrogen Structural Steels”, MT-CWR-094-001, submitted to Stratcor, September 1993.
76. A.Q. Bracarense and S. Liu, “Chemical Composition Variations in Shielded Metal Arc Welds”, Welding
Journal, 72(12), pp. 529s-536s, 1993.
77. D.L. Olson, S. Liu, and G.R. Edwards, “Physical Metallurgical Concerns in the Modeling of Weld Metal
Transformations”, in ’Mathematical Modeling of Weld Phenomena’, edited by H. Cerjak and K. Easterling,
Institute of Metals, Graz, Austria, pp. 89-108, 1993.
78. D.L. Olson, S. Liu and S. Ibarra, “Underwater Welding of Steels”, in ASM ’Materials Handbook on Welding,
Brazing and Soldering’, V. 6, 10th Edition, pp. 1010-1015, December 1993.
79. S. Liu, S.D. Brandi and R.D. Thomas, Jr., “Electroslag, Electrogas, and Related Welding Processes”, in ASM
’Materials Handbook on Welding, Brazing and Soldering’, V. 6, 10th Edition, pp. 270-280, December 1993.
80. S. Brandi, S. Liu and J.E. Indacochea, “Brazeability and Solderability of Engineering Materials”, in ASM
’Materials Handbook on Welding, Brazing and Soldering’, V. 6, 10th Edition, pp. 617-637, December 1993.
81. D.L. Olson, S. Liu, R.H. Frost, G.R. Edwards and D.A. Fleming, “Nature and Behavior of Fluxes used for
Welding”, in ASM ’Materials Handbook on Welding, Brazing and Soldering’, V. 6, 10th Edition, pp. 55-63,
December 1993.
82. S. Liu, D.L. Olson and J.E. Ramirez, “The Influence of Weld Metal Alloying Additions to Extend the Heat
Input Range for the Submerged Arc Welding of High Strength Steels”, CSM Report MT-CWR-093-015,
submitted to Naval Surface Warfare Center - Carderock Division and ONR, December 1993.
83. P.R.C. de Camargo, R.E. Trevisan, and S. Liu, “Brazing Titanium to 304L Stainless Steel”, Welding Journal,
72 (12), pp. 537s-544s, 1993.
84. P. Heald, B. Madigan, S. Liu, and T.A. Siewert, “Mapping The Droplet Transfer Modes for an ER100S-1
GMAW Electrode”, Welding Journal, 73 (2), pp. 38s-44s, 1994.
85. S. Liu, D.L. Olson and S. Ibarra, “Electrode Formulation to Reduce Weld Metal Hydrogen”, in Intl. Conf.
Proc. on ’Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering -Materials Engineering’, ASME, Vol. III, pp. 291-298,
Houston, Texas, February 1994.
86. A. Pope, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Effect of the Electrode Oxidizing Potential on Underwater Wet Welds”, in
Intl. Conf. Proc. on ’Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - Materials Engineering’, ASME, Vol. III,
pp. 361-368, Houston, Texas, February 1994.
87. “Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering -Vol. III - Materials Engineering,” Editors: M.M. Salama, S.
Liu, et al., ASME, 430 pages, Houston, Texas, February 1994.
88. S. Liu, M.Q. Johnson, G.L. Fredricksen, and G.R. Edwards, “Shielded Metal Arc Welding Consumables for
Advanced High Strength Steels”, CSM Report MT-CWR-094-015, February 1994.
89. K.S. Bang and S. Liu, “Investigation of the Interfacial Reactions during Reactive Metal Brazing”, Welding
Journal, 73 (3), pp. 54s-60s, 1994.
90. F.C. Liao, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Effect of Titanium Nitride on the Weldability of Nitrogen Enhanced Ti-V
Microalloyed Steels”, in Conf. Proc. on ’Mechanical Working and Steel Processing’, ISS, V. 31, pp. 511-522,
Pittsburgh, PA, March 1994.
91. A.Q. Bracarense and S. Liu, “Control of Covered Electrode Heating by Flux Ingredients Substitution”,
Welding & Metal Fabrication, 62A (5), pp. 224-229, 1994.
92. S. Liu and A.Q. Bracarense, “Welding Consumables Development for HSLA Steels”, Soldagem e Materiais,
6(2), Research Archive, pp. 18-32, July 1994 (in portuguese).
93. S. Liu, S. Ibarra and D.L. Olson, “Assessment of Microstructural and Property Prediction Equations in
Structural Welding”, in Intl. Conf. Proc. on ’Offshore Technology Conference’, OTC 7497, pp. 299-306,
Houston, Texas, May 1994.
94. S.K. Marya, S. Liu, D.L. Olson, and G.R. Edwards, “Underbead Hardness of Heat-Affected Zones in Steels”,
in Intl. Conf. Proc. on ’Materials and Manufacturing Technologies’, pp. 17-24, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, May
18-21, 1994.
95. J.E. Ramirez, B.S. Han and S. Liu, “Porosity Formation in Ni-Cu Alloys”, Metallurgical Transactions A,
24A(10), pp. 2285-2294, 1994.
96. S. Liu, S. D. Brandi and G.R. Edwards, “Spreading Kinetics of Reactive Filler Metal on Silicon Nitride”, in
Symp. Proc. on ’Welding/Joining/Coating and Surface Modification of Advanced Materials - Vol. II’, IIW,
pp. 315-321 , Dalian, China, September 1994.
97. D.A. Fleming, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Development of a Shielded Metal Arc Welding Consumables for
HSLA-100 Plate Steel”, CSM Report MT-CWR-094-017, April 1994.
98. S. Liu, D.L. Olson and A. Sanchez-Osio, “The Influence of Consumable Composition and Solidification on
Inclusion Formation and Growth in Low Carbon Steel Underwater Wet Welds”, CSM Report MT-CWR-094033, submitted to the Welding Research Council, August 1994.
99. D.L. Olson, S. Liu and S. Ibarra, “Pyrometallurgy and Physical Metallurgy of Underwater Wet Welds”, in
Conf. Proc. on ’Welding Technology in Action -Vol. 2’, Paper 25, Melbourne, Australia, October 1994.
100. S. Liu, D.L. Olson and M. Onsøien, “Use of Shielding Gas Composition to Achieve Optimum Weld
Properties”, CSM Report MT-CWR-094-034, submitted to AGA AB and Amoco Corporation Research,
August 1994.
101. A. Sanchez-Osio, S. Liu, S. Ibarra, and D.L. Olson, “Underwater Wet Welding Consumables for Offshore
Applications”, IIW DOC II-1232-94, 1994.
102. A.Q. Bracarense and S. Liu, “Chemical Composition Variations in SMA Welds”, IIW DOC II-1242-94, 1994.
103. Glen R. Edwards and S. Liu, “Fundamental Aspects of Metal-to-Ceramic Brazing”, CSM Report MT-CWR094-037, submitted to ONR, October 1994.
104. A.Q. Bracarense and S. Liu, “Further Discussion on the Effect of Coating Ingredients on the Control of
Electrode Temperature and Weld Metal Chemical Composition - Communications”, Welding & Metal
Fabrication, 62A (8), pp. 352-353, 1994.
105. S. Liu, D.L. Olson and C. Lenfest, “Underwater Welding Consumables Development”, CSM Report MTCWR-094-038, submitted to Global Divers, Inc., November 1994.
106. A. Sanchez, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Soldaura Submarina Mojada”, in Conf. Proc. 2nd Intl. Congress of
Welding in Mexico, pp. 177-189, Monterrey, Mexico, November 1994.
107. D.A. Fleming, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Development of a Shielded Metal Arc Welding Consumables for
HSLA-100 Plate Steel”, National Shipbuilding Research Program - NSRP 0430, October 1994.
108. M. Onsøien, R. Pieters, D.L. Olson, and S. Liu, “Effect of Hydrogen on GTAW of Stainless Steel”, Welding
Journal, 74(1), pp. 10s-15s, 1995.
109. A. Sanchez and S. Liu, “Interpretive Report on The Influence of Solidification on Inclusion Formation and
Growth in Low Carbon Steel Underwater Wet Welds”, Welding Research Council Bulletin 399, 59 pp,
February 1995.
110. S. Ibarra, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, S. Ibarra, “Interpretive Report on Underwater Wet Welding of Steel”,
Welding Research Council Bulletin 401, 39 pp, May 1995.
111. A. Sanchez-Osio, S. Liu, S. Ibarra, and D.L. Olson, “Designing Shielded Metal Arc Consumables for
Underwater Wet Welding in Offshore Applications”, ASME Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic
Engineering, 117 (8), pp. 212-220, 1995.
112. A.M. Pope, R.C. de Medeiros and S. Liu, “Effect of Solidification on Underwater Wet Weld Properties”, in
Intl. Conf. Proc. on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - Materials Engineering’, ASME, Vol. III, pp.
517-521, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 1995.
113. M.I. Onsøien, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Use of Active Shielding Gases to Optimize the Weld Metal
Microstructure”, in Intl. Conf. Proc. on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - Materials Engineering’,
ASME, Vol. III, pp. 503-507, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 1995.
114. A.M. Pope, J.C.G. Teixeira, V.R. dos Santos, M.T.P. Paes, and S. Liu, “ Use of Nickel to Improve the
Mechanical Properties of High Oxygen Underwater Wet Welds”, in Intl. Conf. Proc. on Offshore Mechanics
and Arctic Engineering - Materials Engineering’, ASME, Vol. III, pp. 529-535, Copenhagen, Denmark, June
1995.
115. “Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering -Vol. III - Materials Engineering,” Editors: M.M. Salama, S.
Liu, et al., ASME, 590 pages, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 1995.
116. D.A. Fleming, A.Q. Bracarense, S. Liu, and D.L. Olson, “Desenvolvimento de Eletrodo Revestido para
Soldagem do Aço de Alta Resistência e Baixa Liga com Tensão de Escoamento de 100 ksi (SMAW Electrode
Development for a High Strength Low Alloy Steel with 100 ksi Yield Strength)”, in Conf. Proc. of the XXI
Encontro Nacional de Tecnologia de Soldagem, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil, June 1995.
117. A.Q. Bracarense and S. Liu, “Controle de Variações de Composição Química e Propriedades Mecânicas ao
longo do Cordão de Solda através de Reações Endotérmicas no Revestimento durante a Soldagem com
Eletrodos Revestidos ( Control of Composition and Properties Fluctuations by means of Endothermic
Reactions in SMAW Electrode Coating)”, in Conf. Proc. of the XXI Encontro Nacional de Tecnologia de
Soldagem, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil, June 1995.
118. W. Wong, S. Liu and J. Jones, “Flux Cored Arc Welding: Arc Signals, Procesing and Metal Transfer
Characterization”, Welding Journal, 74 (11), pp. 369s-377s, 1995.
119. D. Fleming, A.Q. Bracarense, S. Liu, and D.L. Olson, “Toward Developing a SMA Welding Electrode for
HSLA-100 Grade Steel”, Welding Journal, 75 (6), pp. 171s-183s, 1996.
120. S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “The Effect of Altitude on Welding”, in Conf. Proc. on ’Research Trends in Welding
Science and Technology’, pp. 347-352, Gatlinburg, Tennessee, June 1995, ASM Intl., 1996.
121. D.L. Olson, S. Liu, W. Wang, R. Pieters, and S. Ibarra, “Martensite Start Temperature as a Weldability
Index”, in Conf. Proc. on ’Research Trends in Welding Science and Technology’, pp. 615-620, Gatlinburg,
Tennessee, June 1995, ASM Intl., 1996.
122. D.L. Olson and S. Liu, “The Physical and Chemical Behavior of Steel Welding Consumables”, Keynote
Address in Conf. Proc. on ’Research Trends in Welding Science and Technology’, pp. 299-310, Gatlinburg,
Tennessee, June 1995, ASM Intl., 1996.
123. T. Quinn, A.Q. Bracarense and S. Liu, “Um Modelo de Taxa de Fusão e Distribuição de Temperature para
Eletrodos Revestidos”, in Conf. Proc. - 13th Brazilian Congress and 2nd Iberian-American Congress of
Mechanical Engineering, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, November 1995.
124. W. Wang, R. Wong, S. Liu, D.L. Olson, “Use of Martensite Start Temperature for Hydrogen Control”, in
Conf. Proc. on ’Welding and Weld Automation in Shipbuilding’, pp. 17-31, Cleveland, Ohio, October 1995.
125. G.R. Edwards, D.L. Olson, S. Liu, and P.R. Chidambaram, “Flexible Laser Automated Intelligent Robotic
Research System for Manufacturing and Fabrication: Laser-Material Interaction”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR095-024, submitted to AWS, October 1995.
126. G.R. Edwards and S. Liu, “Fundamental Aspects of Ceramic-to-Metal Brazing”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR095-025, submitted to ONR, October 1995.
127. S. Liu, D.L. Olson, J.S. Spencer, and C. Smith, “Underwater Welding of Marine Structures”,
ABS/MMS/CSM, 350 pp, ISBN 0-918062-77-2, October 1995.
128. S. Ibarra, C.E. Grubbs and S. Liu, “State-of-the-Art and Practice of Underwater Wet Welding of Steel,” Intl.
Conf. Proc. on Underwater Welding of Marine Structures, pp. 49-112, (New Orleans, LA, December 1994),
November 1995.
129. S. Liu, A.M. Pope and R. Daemen, “Welding Consumables and Weldability,” Intl. Workshop Proc. on
Underwater Welding of Marine Structures, pp. 321-350, (New Orleans, LA, December 1994), November
1995.
130. A.M. Pope, J.C.G. Teixeira, V.R. dos Santos, M.T.P. Paes, and S. Liu, “The Effect of Nickel on the
Mechanical Properties of High-Oxygen Underwater Wet Welds”, ASME Journal of Offshore Mechanics and
Arctic Engineering, 118 (2), pp. 165-168, 1996.
131. D.L. Olson, S. Liu, A. Wahid, and I. Maroef, “Some Trends of Weld Metal Research”, Conf. Proc. First
Indonesian Welding Convention, Keynote Paper, pp. 1-17, Bandung, Indonesia, March 19-20, 1996.
132. C.E. Grubbs, A.E. Bertelmann, S. Ibarra, S. Liu, D.J. Marshall, and D.L. Olson, “Underwater Welding and
Cutting,” in AWS Welding Handbook, V. 3 - Materials and Applications - Part 1, 8th Edition, pp. 445-500,
May 1996.
133. A.M. Pope and S. Liu, “Hydrogen Content of Underwater Wet Welds Deposited by Rutile and Oxidizing
Electrodes”, in Intl. Conf. Proc. on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - Materials Engineering’,
ASME, Vol. III, pp. 85-92, Florence, Italy, June 1996.
134. W. Wang, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Consequences of Weld Undermatching and Overmatching: Non-Uniform
Hydrogen Distribution”, in Intl. Conf. Proc. on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - Materials
Engineering’, ASME, Vol. III, pp. 403-409, Florence, Italy, June 1996.
135. “Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering -Vol. III - Materials Engineering,” Editors: M.M. Salama, S.
Liu, et al., ASME, 569 pages, Florence, Italy, June 1996.
136. M.I. Onsøien, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Shielding Gas Oxygen Equivalent in Weld Metal Microstructure
Optimization”, Welding Journal, 75(7), pp. 216s-224s, 1996.
137. E. Ramirez, S. Liu, and D.L. Olson, “Dual Precipitation Strengthening Effect of Copper and Niobium in High
Strength Steel Weld Metal”, Materials Science and Engineering A, A216, pp. 91-103, October, 1996.
138. A. Sanchez-Osio, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “The Effect of Solidification on the Formation and Growth of
Inclusions in Low Carbon Steel Welds”, Materials Science and Engineering A, A221/1-2, pp. 122-133,
December 1996.
139. R.P.G.M. Pieters, S. Liu and G.R. Edwards, “Laser Surface Modification of Ti-6Al-4V in a Nitrogen
Atmosphere,” in Conf. Proc. on Surface Performance of Titanium Alloys, TMS, pp. 87-100, Cincinnati, Ohio,
October 1996.
140. J.R. Schnepp, G.R. Edwards and S. Liu, “Laser Surface Modification of Ti-6Al-4V in CH4/Ar Atmosphere,”
in Conf. Proc. on Surface Performance of Titanium Alloys, TMS, pp. 113-127, Cincinnati, Ohio, October
1996.
141. T. Yamaura and S. Liu, “Development of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Multipass Cu-V
Enriched High Strength Steel Welds,” CSM Report MT-CWJCR-096-026, October 1996.
142. G.R. Edwards, D.L. Olson and S. Liu, “Flexible Laser Automated Intelligent Robotic Research System for
Manufacturing and Fabrication: Laser-Material Interaction”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR-096-028, submitted to
AWS, October 1996.
143. G.R. Edwards and S. Liu, “Fundamental Aspects of Ceramic-to-Metal Brazing”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR096-032, submitted to ONR, December 1996.
144. A.Q. Bracarense and S. Liu, “Controle de Variações de Composição Química e Propriedades Mecânicas ao
longo do Cordão de Solda através de Reações Endotérmicas no Revestimento durante a Soldagem com
Eletrodos Revestidos”, Soldagem e Inspeção, 3(1), pp. 27-36, 1997.
145. A.Q. Bracarense and S. Liu, “Chemical Composition and Hardness Control by Endothermic Reactions in the
Coating of Covered Electrodes,” IIW DOC II-1313-97, 1997.
146. D.L. Olson, S. Liu et al., "Hydrogen Management in High Strength Steel Weldments", Seminar Proc. on
Hydrogen Management in Steel Weldments, pp. 1-19, Ed. J.L. Davidson and D.L. Olson, (Melbourne,
Australia, October 1996), US Army Research Office, DSTO, AWTI, June 1997.
147. P.G.H. Pistorius and S. Liu, “Changes in Metal Transfer Behavior during Shielded Metal Arc Welding”,
Welding Journal, 76 (8), pp. 305s-315s, 1997.
148. A.Q. Bracarense and S. Liu, “Chemical Composition and Hardness Control by Endothermic Reactions in the
Coating of Covered Electrodes,” Welding Journal, 76 (12), pp. 509s-516s, 1997.
149. T. Quinn, A.Q. Bracarense and S. Liu, “A Melting Rate and Temperature Distribution Model for Shielded
Metal Arc Welding Electrodes”, Welding Journal, 76 (12), pp. 532s-538s, 1997.
150. A. Meier, PR. Chidabaram, G.R. Edwards, and S. Liu, “Nucleation and Growth Kinetics of Reaction Product
Formation for Copper-Titanium and Silver- Titanium Alloys on Alumina”, Journal of Materials Science, 32,
pp. 5215-5223, 1997.
151. W.W. Wang and S. Liu, “High Performance Flux Cored Arc Welding Consumables,” CSM Report MTCWJCR-097-015, submitted to AWS Foundation, July 1997.
152. S. Liu, R. Chapin III and D.L. Olson, Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Electrode Research - Part I:
Characterization of Pure Tungsten, Tungsten-Thoriated, Tungsten-Lanthanated, and Tungsten-Ceriated
Electrodes”, CSM Report CSM-CWJCR-97-026, submitted to Teledyne Advanced Material, December 1997.
153. G.R. Edwards and S. Liu, “Fundamental Aspects of Ceramic-to-Metal Brazing”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR097-027, submitted to ONR, December 1997.
154. S. Liu, “Critical Issues in Quality Underwater Wet Welding: A Review”, Proc. of Primer Simposium
Internacional de Soldadura, pp. 67-91, ITESM-Monterrey, Mexico, March 1998.
155. S. Liu and F.C. Liao, “Precipitate Stability in the HAZ of Nitrogen-Enhanced HSLA Steels”, Materials
Science and Engineering A, A244, pp. 273-283, March 1998.
156. A. Sanchez-Osio and S. Liu, “Modelamiento de la Nucleación y Crecimiento de Inclusiones No-Metálicas
Formadas durante la Solidifición en Soldaduras de Aceros de Bajo Contenido de Carbono”, Proc. of Primer
Simposium Internacional de Soldadura, pp. 41-48, ITESM-Monterrey, Mexico, March 1998.
157. K. Johnson, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Welding over Paint Primer,” CSM Report MT-CWJCR-098-010,
submitted to Ingalls Shipbuilding and NSRP SP-7 Welding Panel, May 1998.
158. K.S. Bang and S. Liu, “Interfacial Reactions between Cu-Zr Filler Metal and Alumina and Kinetics of
Reaction Layer Growth”, Metals and Materials, 4(2), pp. 95-102, May 1998.
159. E. Bauné and S. Liu, “High Performance Basic FCAW Electrode Development,” CSM Report MT-CWJCR098-016, submitted to Air Liquide, May 1998.
160. S. Liu, “ Arc Welding Consumables: Covered and Cored Electrodes - A Century of Evolution”, Invited
Keynote Lecture at the Intl. Conf. on Trends in Welding Research, ASM Intl./AWS, Pine Mountain, Georgia,
June 1998, and published in “Trends in Welding Research”, pp. 505-516, ASM Intl./AWS, August 1999.
161. K.S. Johnson, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Hydrogen Control and Microstructural Refinement of Structural Steel
Welds using Fluroide-Containing FCAW Electrodes”, in the Proc. of the 17th International Offshore
Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Conference - Material Symposium, Paper 98-2801, ASME/OMAE, Lisbon,
Portugal, 6-10 July 1998.
162. R.C. de Medeiros and S. Liu, “A Predictive Electrochemical Model for Weld Metal Hydrogen Pickup in
Underwater Wet Welds”, in the Proc. of the 17th International Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering
Conference - Material Symposium, ASME/OMAE, Paper 98-2211, Lisbon, Portugal, 6-10 July 1998.
163. D.L. Olson, S. Liu and S. Caldwell, “Use of Intermetallic Alloys as Additions to Tungsten Electrodes”, in the
Proc. of the 3rd Pacific Rim Materials Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing, Vol. 2, pp. 22652274, TMS, Honolulu, Hawaii, July 12-16, 1998.
164. S. Liu, “SAC Steel Research Program: High Strength, High Toughness Structure Steel Welds using SelfShielded Flux Cored Arc Welding”, in the Proc. on Welded Construction in Seismic Areas, pp. 241-248,
Maui, Hawaii, October 1998.
165. R.R. de Camargo and S. Liu, “Role of Oxygen on the Cu-O-Ti/Sapphire Interfacial Regions Formation”, in
Intl. Conf. Proc. on Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials, pp. 85-91, ASM Intl., Rosemont, Illinois,
October 1998.
166. D. Bucholz, S. Liu, and G. R. Edwards, “Diffusion Bonds Using Sputter Deposited Nickel-Titanium
Multilayers”, in Intl. Conf. Proc. on Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials, pp. 93-100, ASM Intl.,
Rosemont, Illinois, October 1998.
167. R.P.G.M. Pieters and S. Liu, “Formation of TiN by Laser Gas Alloying (LGA) of Ti-6Al-4V in a Nitrogen
Atmosphere”, in Intl. Conf. Proc. on Surface Modification Technologies, pp.17, ASM Intl., Rosemont,
Illinois, October 1998.
168. W.W. Wang and S. Liu, “High Performance Flux Cored Arc Welding Consumables,” CSM Report MTCWJCR-098-018, submitted to AWS Foundation, July 1998.
169. G.R. Edwards, D.L. Olson and S. Liu, “High Strength Steel Welding Research”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR098-024, submitted to ONR, August 1998.
170. Liyu Yi, Xiaoqin Feng and S. Liu, “SAC Phase 2 Subcontract No. 411-24-472.1 – Maintain and Update
Literature Database”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR-098-025, submitted to SAC, September 1998.
171. R.C. de Medeiros and S. Liu, “A Predictive Electrochemical Model for Weld Metal Hydrogen Pickup in
Underwater Wet Welds”, ASME Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 120(4), pp. 243-248,
November 1998.
172. G.R. Edwards, W. Hanzalek, S. Liu, D.L. Olson, and C. Smith, “Advanced Materials for Marine
Construction”, ABS/MMS/CSM, 526 pp, ISBN 0-918062-72-1, February 1999.
173. R.P.G.M. Pieters and S. Liu, “TiN Formed by Laser Gas Alloying (LGA) of Ti-6Al-4V”, in Intl. Conf. Proc.
on Surface Engineering: Science and Technology I, pp. 415-428, TMS, San Diego, California, March 1999.
174. S. Liu, D.L. Olson, and S. Ibarra, “Critical Issues in Quality Underwater Wet Welding: A Review”, Proc. of
Primer Simposium Internacional de Soldadura, pp. 67-91, ITESM-Monterrey, Mexico, March 1998.
175. S. Liu et al. “Seminario de Soldadura Humeda”, Seminar Proceedings, MMS/PEMEX/IMP, Ciudad del
Carmen, Mexico, February 1999.
176. S. Liu, “Overview of Mechanical Properties of Materials for Engineers”, ASME Career Development Series –
4-Hour Module, ASME International, March 1999.
177. M.D. Rowe, S. Liu and T.J. Reynolds, “Development of SMAW Coatings for Underwater Wet Welding at
Specific Depth Ranges”, in the Proc. of the 18th International Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering
Conference - Material Symposium, Paper 99-2231, ASME/OMAE, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada, 11-16
July 1999.
178. E. Bauné, C. Bonnet and S. Liu, “Rare-Earth Metal Compound Investigation for Weld Metal oxygen Control
in FCAW”, in the Conf.. Proc. Of the 38th Annual Conference of Metallurgists, Symposium on Metal Welding
and Applications, pp. 21-40, CIM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, August 22-26, 1999.
179. W.W. Wang, C. Hughes and S. Liu, “High Performance Flux Cored Arc Welding Consumables,” CSM
Report MT-CWJCR-099-016, submitted to AWS Foundation, July 1999.
180. E. Bauné and S. Liu, “High Performance Basic FCAW Electrode Development,” CSM Report MT-CWJCR099-024, submitted to Air Liquide, July 1999.
181. M. Rowe and S. Liu, “Global – JIP – Task II Report,” CSM Report MT-CWJCR-099-028, submitted to JIP –
Technical Activities Committee – Global Industries, December 1999.
182. M. Rowe and S. Liu, “Global – JIP – Phase II – Final Report,” CSM Report MT-CWJCR-099-032, submitted
to JIP –Technical Activities Committee – Global Industries, December 1999.
183. M. Rowe, J. Major, and S. Liu, “REM Additions to Improve Underwater Wet Weld Quality,” CSM Report
MT-CWJCR-000-007, submitted to AWS Foundation, February 2000.
184. S. Liu, G.R. Edwards, W. Hanzalek, D.L. Olson, and C. Smith, “Corrosion Control for Marine Structures and
Pipelines”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR-000-006, submitted to Minerals Managment Service, US Department of
Interior, February 2000.
185. S. Ferree, R. Wang and S. Liu, “Welding Consumables for Hydrogen Management,” in Intl. Workshop Proc.
on Hydrogen Management for Welding Applications, pp. 189-214, (Ottawa, Ontario, October 1998), February
2000.
186. E. Bauné, C. Bonnet and S. Liu, “Reconsidering the Basicity of a FCAW Consumable from the Partition of Its
Elements Between Weld Metal and the Slag - Part I”, Welding Journal, 79(3), pp.57s-65s, March 2000.
187. E. Bauné, C. Bonnet and S. Liu, “Reconsidering the Basicity of a FCAW Consumable from the Partition of Its
Elements Between Weld Metal and the Slag - Part 2”, Welding Journal, 79(3), pp.66s-71s, March 2000.
188. D. Bucholz, S. Liu and G.R. Edwards, “Diffusion Bonding of Multi-layer Metal Coatings”, in Intl. Conf.
Proc. on Brazing and Soldering, pp. 81-92, Albuquerque, NM, April 2000.
189. S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Stepwise Methodology of Welding Flux Formulation: From Rutile Grade to CaOCaF2 Grade”, in Conf. Proc. of Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts, Paper 247, Stockholm and Helsinki, June 1216, 2000.
190. G.R. Edwards and S. Liu, “High Strength Steel Welding Research”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR-000-016,
submitted to ONR, September 2000.
191. S. Liu, “Underwater Welding of Offshore Facilities – Recent Developments”, in the Proc. of the Second
Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Workshop on “Assessing and Maintaining the Integrity of
Existing Offshore and Gas Facilities”, pp. 605-643, Beijing, China, October 9-11, 2000.
192. M. Matsushita and S. Liu, “Hydrogen Control in Steel Weld Metal by Means of Fluoride Additions in
Welding Flux”, Welding Journal, 79(10), pp.295s-303s, 2000.
193. S. Liu, G.R. Edwards, D.L. Olson, and M. Marya, “Laser Processing Research at the Colorado School of
Minas,” in Conf. Proc. of IIW Asian-Pacific Conference and WTIA Conference, Paper 62, 18pp, Melbourne,
Australia, October 29-November 4, 2000.
194. S. Liu, I. Maroef, D.L. Olson, and M. Matsushita, “Hydrogen Management Strategies in Flux-Related Arc
Welding,” in Conf. Proc. of IIW Asian-Pacific Conference and WTIA Conference, Paper 10, 12pp,
Melbourne, Australia, October 29-November 4, 2000.
195. D.L. Olson, S. Liu and G.R. Edwards, “Materials Science of Non-Uniform Systems for Interpretation of Weld
Metal Behavior, - Werkstoffkunde Nicht Einheitlicher Systeme zur Beurteilung des Schweiβgutverhaltens” in
“High Productivity Joining Processes – Fundamentals, Applications, Equipment – Vol. II”, pp. 831-847,
Shaker Verlag GmbH, Germany, ISBN 3-8265-8759-6, 2001.
196. I. Felizardo, A.Q. Bracarense, R.M. Valle, and S. Liu, “Finite Volume Numeric Analysis of Covered Electrode
Temperature Distribution During Welding,” in the Proc. of the International Conference on the Joining of
Materials - JOM-10, pp. 292-304, Institute for the Joining of Materials, Helsinger, Denmark, May 11-14,
2001.
197. A.Q. Bracarense, R.L. de Souza, M.C.M. de Souza Costa, P.E. Faria, and S. Liu, “Welding Current Effect on
Diffusible Hydrogen in Flux-Cored Arc Weld Metal,” in the Proc. of the International Conference on the
Joining of Materials - JOM-10, pp. 340-352, Institute for the Joining of Materials, Helsinger, Denmark, May
11-14, 2001.
198. Glen R. Edwards, S. Liu et al., “Corrosion Control for Marine Structures and Pipelines”, ABS/MMS/CSM,
526 pp, ISBN 0-918062-14-4, April 2001.
199. R. Pieters and S. Liu, “Particle Erosion Resistance of Laser Nitrided Ti-6Al-4V”, Surface Engineering, 17(2),
pp. 159-162, 2001.
200. R. Pieters and S. Liu, “Nitreren van de Oppervlakte van Ti-6Al-4V in Stikstof met Behulp van PW- en CWNd:YAG-Lasers”, Materialen-Tijdschrift over Materiaalkunde en Materiaaltechnologie, (2) maart/april, pp. 813, 2001.
201. G.R. Edwards and S. Liu, “High Strength Steel Welding Research”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR-001-017,
submitted to ONR, July 2001.
202. E. Bauné, C. Bonnet and S. Liu, “Assessing the Metal Transfer Stability and the Spatter Severity in FCAW”,
Journal of Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 6(3), pp. 139-148, 2001.
203. S. Liu, “Design Details for the Development of Flux-Related Arc Welding Consumables”, Invited Keynote
Lecture in the Proceedings of the 2001 Chinese Welding Society Assembly, Tianjin, China, pp. D1-D52,
October 15-16, 2001.
204. S. Liu, “Recent Approaches in the Design of Flux-Related Arc Welding Consumables”, Invited Keynote
Lecture at the 5th International Conference on Numerical Modelling of Welding, Graz, Austria, October 4-6,
1999, and published in “Mathematical Modelling of Weld Phenomena –5”, pp. 321-347, IOM
Communications, November 2001.
205. M. Marya and S. Liu, “Search of a Filler Metal for Welding of Ferrous Alloys to Titanium,” Journal of
Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 6(4), pp. 240-246, 2001.
206. M.D. Rowe and S. Liu, “Recent Developments in Underwater Wet Welding”, Journal of Joining Science and
Technology, 6(6), pp. 387-396, 2001.
207. M. Marya, D.L. Olson, V.I. Kaydanov, and S. Liu, “Semi-Empirical Correlations and Electronic Model for
Non-Semi-Metallic Particles as Thermoelectron Enhancements in GTAW Cathodes,” in the Proceedings of the
2001 ASM Materials Solutions Conference on Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials, Indianapolis,
Indiana, November 5-8, 2001.
208. J.C. Madeni, S. Liu, and T. Siewert, “Casting of Lead-free Solder Bulk Specimens With Various
Solidification Rates,” in the Proceedings of the 2001 ASM Materials Solutions Conference on Joining of
Advanced and Specialty Materials, Indianapolis, Indiana, November 5-8, 2001.
209. F. Perez and S. Liu, “Manufacturing Titanium Flux-Cored Arc Welding Electrodes – Feasibility Study,” CSM
Report MT-CWJCR-002-025, submitted to U.S. Navy, NSWC-CD, January 2002.
210. S. Liu and T. Reynolds, “Innovative Consumables for Quality Wet Welding,” in the Proceedings of the 2002
Underwater International Conference, Houston, Texas, February 27-March 02, 2002.
211. S. Liu and M.D. Rowe, “Progress in Underwater Wet Welding: The Quintessential SMA Consumables,” in
the Proceedings of the Trends in Welding Research Conference, ASM Intl./AWS, Pine Mountain, Georgia,
April 15-19, 2002, pp. 536-541.
212. M. Matsushita and S. Liu, “Plasma Arc Diagnostics To Clarify Hydrogen Reduction Mechanisms Due To
Fluoride Addition In Welding Arc,” in the Proceedings of the Trends in Welding Research Conference, ASM
Intl./AWS, Pine Mountain, Georgia, April 15-19, 2002, pp. 563-568.
213. S. Liu and D. L. Olson, “Weld Metal Design: From Flux Coating to Microstructure,” in the Proceedings of the
Trends in Welding Research Conference, ASM Intl./AWS, Pine Mountain, Georgia, April 15-19, 2002, pp.
529-535.
214. W. Wang and S. Liu, “Alloying and Microstructural Management in Developing SMAW Electrodes for
HSLA-100 Steel”, Welding Journal, 81(7), pp.132s-45s, July 2002.
215. M.D. Rowe, S. Liu, T. J. Reynolds, “Effect of Ferro-Alloy Additions and Depth on the Quality of Underwater
Wet Welds”, Welding Journal, 81(8), pp.156s-66s, August 2002.
216. S. Liu, “Welding Concerns of High Strength Steels, X-80 and Beyond,” in the Proceedings of the
International Conference on the Application and Evaluation of High-Grade Linepipes in Hostile
Environments, Yokohama, Japan, November 5-8, 2002, pp. 91-108.
217. S. Liu and G.R. Edwards, “High Strength Steel Welding Research”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR-002-020,
submitted to ONR, September 2002.
218. J. Madeni, S. Liu, and T. Siewert, “Intermetallics Formation And Growth At The Interface Of Tin-Based
Solder Alloys And Copper Subtrates”, in the Proceedings of the 2nd International Brazing And Soldering
Conference (ISBC), February 17-19, 2003, San Diego, California.
219. C.E. Cross, D.L. Olson, and S. Liu, “Welding of Aluminum Alloys”, in Handbook of Aluminum Metallurgy,
Processes and Equipment, Marcel Dekker, pp. 481-532, November 2003.
220. E.C.P. Pessoa, A.Q. Bracarense, S. Liu, and F. Perez, “Estudo Comparativo do Desempenho de Eletrodos
Revestidos E6013, E7024 E E7018 em Soldagem Subaquática em Água Doce do Aço A36 à Profundidades de
50 e 100 Metros”, COBEF, 2003.
221. F. Perez, S. Liu, C. Smith, And E. Rodrigues, “Effect of Nickel on Toughness of Underwater Wet Welds”, in
the Proc. of the 22nd International Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Conference - Material
Symposium, Paper 039-37261, ASME/OMAE, Cancun, Mexico, 9-12 June 2003.
222. E.C.P. Pessoa, A.Q. Bracarense, F. Perez, and S. Liu, “Study of Porosity Location in Under Fresh Water Wet
Welds”, in the Proc. of the 22nd International Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Conference Material Symposium, Paper 039-37291, ASME/OMAE, Cancun, Mexico, 9-12 June 2003.
223. S. Liu and G.R. Edwards, “High Strength Steel Welding Research”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR-003-017,
submitted to ONR, July 2003.
224. Y.D. Park, S. Liu, C. Lensing, I.S. Maroef, D.L. Olson and G. Castro, “Advanced Hydrogen Management
Approaches for High Strength Steel Welds,” in Intl. Conf. On Welding and Joining of Materials, Lima, Peru,
October 27-29, 2003.
225. S. Liu, “Microstructure and Property Control in High Strength, High Toughness Steel Welds,” in Intl. Conf.
On Welding and Joining of Materials, Lima, Peru, October 27-29, 2003.
226. S. Liu, “A Decade of Progress in Underwater Wet Welding Using the SMAW Process (1990-2003)” in Intl.
Conf. On Welding and Joining of Materials, Lima, Peru, October 27-29, 2003.
227. M. Marya, G.R. Edwards and S.Liu, “Interactions Between Gases and Fused Metal in Arc Welding of a
Wrought AZ21 Magnesium Alloy” in Intl. Conf. on Light Materials – LIMAT 2003, Honolulu, Hawaii,
November 2-4, 2003.
228. D.L. Olson, E. Metzbower, S. Liu, and Y.D. Park, “The Developments In Property Predictions For Weld
Metal,” in Intl. Conference on “Current Problems in Welding and Life of Structures,” Paton Electric Welding
Institute, Kiev, Ukraine, November 22-26, 2003.
229. M. Marya, G.R. Edwards and S. Liu, “An Investigation on the Effects of Gases in GTA Welding of an
Wrought AZ80 Magnesium Alloy,” Welding Journal, 83(7), pp. 203s-212s, 2004.
230. S. Liu, “Two Decades of Progress in Underwater Wet Welding Using the SMAW Process (1980-2004)” in the
Proc. of the 23rd International Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Conference - Material Symposium,
Paper 51465, ASME/OMAE, Vancouver, Canada, 20-24 June 2004.
231. F. Perez and S. Liu, “Performance of Cellulosic Electrodes in Underwater Wet Welding”, in the Proc. of the
23rd International Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Conference - Material Symposium, Paper
51480, ASME/OMAE, Vancouver, Canada, 20-24 June 2004.
232. A.Q. Bracarense, S. Liu, E.C.P. Pessoa, and F. Perez, “Study of Re-melt Temper Bead and Polarity Effects on
Porosity in Under Freshwater Wet Welds”, in the Proc. of the 23rd International Offshore Mechanics and
Arctic Engineering Conference - Material Symposium, Paper 51037, ASME/OMAE, Vancouver, Canada, 2024 June 2004.
233. S. Liu and G.R. Edwards, “High Strength Steel Welding Research”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR-004-015,
submitted to ONR, July 2004.
234. S. Liu and G. Chirieleison, “Flux-Cored Arc Welding Electrodes for Titanium”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR004-016, submitted to NSWC-CD, July 2004.
235. G. Liberati, P. Rouault, and S. Liu, “Studio della Formazione di Fumi Emessi da um Processo FCAW sotto
Protezione di CO2”, Rivista Italiana della Saldutura, Anno LVI, Maggio-Giugno, (3), pp. 349-358, 2004.
236. S. Liu and F. Perez-Guerrero, “Joint Research Program between MMS and Pemex/IMP Underwater Wet
Welding for Offshore Structures and Pipelines in the Gulf of Mexico: Process Maturation and Technology
Transfer”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR-004-025, submitted to MMS-Engineering and Research Branch, August
2004.
237. D. L. Olson, S. Liu, G. Aktins, A. Lasseigne and Y. D. Park, “TTCP Workshop on Hydrogen Management in
Structural Steel Weld Repair for Extended Life and Other Welding Topics”, Proceedings and Final Report on
Workshop, CSM Report MT-CWJCR-004-014, May 25-26, 2004, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO,
June 16, 2004.
238. X. Xu, S. Liu, and K.S. Bang, “Comparison of Metal Transfer Behavior in Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc
Welding”, International Journal of KWS, 4(2), pp. 15-22, June 2004.
239. J. C. Madeni and S. Liu, “Morphological Effect of Solid-State Annealing on the Interfacial Reactions of TinBased Solder Alloys and Copper Substrates and Kinetics of Intermetallics Formation and Growth,” accepted
for publication in the Journal of Electronic Materials, August 2004.
240. E.C.P. Pessoa, A.Q. Bracarense, E.M. Zica, S. Liu, and F. Perez, “Variação da Porosidade ao Longo de Soldas
Subaquáticas Molhadas Multipasses e Sua Influência sobre as Propriedades Mecânicas”, COBEF, Joinville,
SC, Brazil, April 2005.
241. S. Liu, “Two Decades of Progress in Underwater Wet Welding Using the Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Process”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR-005-001, submitted to BP, January 2005.
242. S. Liu, “Microstructural Design for High Strength Steel Welds: The Concept of Duplex Microstructure”, in
the Proc. of the 23rd International Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Conference - Material
Symposium - Advances in Structural and Pipeline steels, Paper 67444, ASME/OMAE, Halkidiki, Greece, 1316 June 2005.
243. E.C.P. Pessoa, A.Q. Bracarense, S. Liu, and F. Peres-Guerrero, “Covered Electrode Temperature Variation
During Wet Welding and Its Influence on Weld Metal Porosity”, in the Proc. of the 23rd International Offshore
Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Conference - Material Symposium - Advances in Structural and Pipeline
steels, Paper 67411, ASME/OMAE, Halkidiki, Greece, 13-16 June 2005.
247. J. Chandler, G. Edwards and S. Liu, “Spectroscopic Monitoring of Hydrogen in Welding Arcs”, in the Proc.
of the Trends in Welding Research Conferenc, pp. 807-812, Pine Mountain, Georgia, May 2005, published in
August 2006.
248. F. Martinez and S. Liu, “Development of Compressive Residual Stress in Structural Steel Weld Toes by
Means of Weld Metal Phase Transformations”, in the Proc. of the Trends in Welding Research Conference,
pp. 583-588, Pine Mountain, Georgia, May 2005, published in August 2006.
246. K.S. Bang, G. Chirieleison, and S. Liu, “GTAW of Titanium Using Flux-cored Wire with Magnesium
Fluoride”, Journal of Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 10(5), pp. 617-623, August 2005.
247. J.P.H. Steele, C. Mnich, C. Debrunner, T. Vincent, and S. Liu, “Development of Closed-Loop Control of
Robotic Welding Processes”, International Journal on Industrial Robot, V. 32, No. 4, pp. 350-355, Intl. Fed.
Of Robotics, U.K., June 2005.
248. T.A. Siewert, D.R. Smith, J.C. Madeni, and S. Liu, “Zeroing in on a Lead-Free Solder Database,” Welding
Journal, 84(10), pp. 30-31, October 2005.
249. F.Perez-Guerrero and S. Liu, “Maintenance and Repair Welding In The Open Sea: Improvements In
Underwater Wet Welding Technology For The Oil Industry,” Welding Journal, 84(11), pp. 54-59, 2005.
250. S. Liu and J. Major, “The Occurrence of Martensite, Austenite, and Carbide-Containing Constiutents
(Microconstituents) and their Effects on Self-Shielded Flux-Copred Arc Weld Metal Properties, CSM Report
MT-CWJCR-005-007, submitted to The Lincoln Electric Company, October 2005.
251. G.R. Edwards, J. Lippold, J. Dupont, D.L. Olson, and S. Liu, “Welding and Joining in Materials Engineering
Education,” in the Proceedings of 2005 MS&T Conference, Symposium on “What Makes a Good Materials
Engineer and How Best to Educate Them,” pp. 11-17, Pittsburgh, PA, September 25-28, 2005.
252. S. Liu and K-L. Sham, “Investigation of Welding Fume Formation Rate of Covered Electrodes Commonly
used in the Mining Industry”, CSM Report MT-CWJCR-006-001, submitted to NIOSH-Spokane Research
Laboratory, 21 pp., January 2006.
253. E.C. Pessoa, A.Q. Bracarense, E.M. Zica, S. Liu, F.Perez, “Porosity Variation Along Multipass Underwater
Wet Welds and Its Influence on Mechanical Properties,” Journal of Materials Processing and Technology,
179(1-3), pp. 239-243, February 2006.
254. E.C. Pessoa, A.Q. Bracarense, E.M. Zica, S. Liu, F.Perez, “Variação da Porosidade ao Longo de Soldas
Subaquáticas Molhadas Multipasses e Sua Influência sobre Propriedades Mecânicas,” (in Portuguese) Journal
of Soldagem e Inspeção, V. 11, No. 1, pp. 26-33, March 2006.
255. S. Liu, C. Clasper, K. Moline, and J. Scott, “Ultra-Low Hydrogen Consumable for Welding of High Strength
Steels with 100-110 ksi-Yield Strength” presented and published in the Proc. of the 25th International
Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Conference - Material Symposium – Performance of Reeled
Pipes, Paper 92633, ASME/OMAE, Hamburg, Germany, 4-9 June 2006.
256. S. Liu and F. Perez-Guerrero, “Joint Research Program between MMS and IMP Underwater Wet Welding for
Offshore Structures and Pipelines in the Gulf of Mexico: Process Maturation and Technology Transfer,” CSM
Report MT-CWJCR-006-002, submitted to Minerals Management Service-Engineering and Research Branch,
May 2006.
257. S. Liu, “Investigation of Liquid Filler Metal Flow Process through a Braze Gap,” CSM Report MT-CWJCR006-003, submitted to Sandia National Laboratory, 187 pp., April 2006.
258. K.S. Bang, C. Park, and S. Liu, “Effects of Nitrogen Content and Weld Cooling Time on the Simulated Heataffected Zone Toughness in a Ti-Containing Steel”, Journal of Materials Science, Issue Online First,
ISSN:0022-2461 (Paper) 1573-4803 (Online), DOI: 10.1007/s10853-006-0498-5, August 2006.
259. H. Katsumoto, M. Carolina Payares-Asprino, Ph. Darcis, and S. Liu, “Improvement of Fatigue Strength in
Non-Load-Carrying Cruciform Fillet Welded Joint by Weld Metal Phase Transformations”, CSM Report MTCWJCR-006-005, submitted to Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., Japan, 129 pp., August 2006.
260. F. Martinez-Diez and S. Liu, “Compositional Boundary between Primary Austenitic and Ferritic Mn-Cr and
Ni-Cr Steel Weld Metals,” Materials Science & Engineering A Journal, vol. 452-453, pp. 1-7, Elsevier
Publishers, DOI:10.1016/j.msea.2006.11.108, April 2007.
261. S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Maragoni Flow in Plutonium (using Cerium as Surrogate), Hybrid Laser-GMA
Evaluation, Wettability and Spreadability of Gallium and Cerium on Molybdenum and
Molybdenum/Rhenium,” CSM Report MT-CWJCR-007-002, submitted to Los Alamos National Laboratory,
172 pp., April 2007.
262. S. Liu, “Residual Stress Management Through Controlled Phase Transformations to Improve Fatigue Strength
of Steel Weldments”, Keynote Publication in the proc. of the II International Conference on Welding and
Joining of Materials, Cusco, Peru, 16-18 April 2007.
263. F. Perez-Guerrero and S. Liu, “Explaining Porosity Formation in Underwater Wet Welds,” presented and
published in the Proc. of the 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering
Conference – Material Symposium – Environmental Effects and Underwater Repair, Paper 29696,
ASME/OMAE, San Diego, California, U.S.A., 10-15 June 2007.
264. E.C.P. Pessoa, A.Q. Bracarense and S. Liu, “Exothermic Additions In a Tubular Covered Electrode and
Oxidizing Reactions Influence on Underwater Wet Welding”, presented and published in the Proc. of the 26th
International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Conference – Material Symposium –
Environmental Effects and Underwater Repair, Paper 29734, ASME/OMAE, San Diego, California, U.S.A.,
10-15 June 2007.
265. J.E. Jackson, D.L. Olson, S. Liu, R.L. Hellner, A.N. Lasseigne-Jackson, and G.C. Trickel, “Calibration of
Electronic Property Measurements with Larson-Miller Parameter for Service Life Assessment”, presented and
published in the Proc. of the International Conference on Boiler Tube and HRSG Tube Failures and
Inspections - Boiler Life and Availability Improvement Program, HRSG Dependability Program, Boiler and
Turbine Steam and Cycle Chemistry Program, Materials and Repair Program, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 16–
18, October 2007.
266. Y. Murakami and S. Liu, “Effect of Fluoride Additions on the Diffusible Hydrogen Cotnent in Steel Weld
Metal,” CSM Report MT-CWJCR-007-003, submitted to JFE Steel Corporation, Japan, 108 pp., September
2007.
267. Ph.P. Darcis, H. Katsumoto, M.C. Payares-Asprino, S. Liu, and T.A. Siewert, “Cruciform Fillet Welded Joint
Fatigue Strength Improvements by Weld Metal Phase Transformations”, accepted for publication in the Intl.
Journal of Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, November 2007.
268. S. Liu and F. Perez-Guerrero, “Joint Research Program between MMS and IMP Underwater Wet Welding for
Offshore Structures and Pipelines in the Gulf of Mexico: Process Maturation and Technology Transfer,” CSM
Report MT-CWJCR-007-005, submitted to Minerals Management Service-Engineering and Research Branch,
57 pp., November 2007.
269. S. Liu, V. Petr, D.L. Olson, J.C. Madeni, C. Trickel, and R. Hellner, “Explosive Cleaning Boiler Tube
Damage Mitigation, Report: Phase 1-2007,” CSM Report MT-CWJCR-007-006, submitted to Electric Power
Research Institute, 88 pp., November 2007.
INVITED PUBLICATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS
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S. Liu, “Carbon Equivalent Equations in Steel Welding”, AWS Lancaster Section Meeting, April 1986.
S. Liu, “Simulation of Multi-Pass Welding using a Personal Computer”, AWS Johnstown Section Meeting,
February 1987.
D. Thomas and S. Liu, “Interpretive Report on Electroslag, Electrogas, and Related Welding Processes”,
Welding Research Council Bulletin 338, November l988.
D.L. Olson and S. Liu, “Welding Metallurgy of Ferrous Materials - Metalurgia de Soldagem de Materiais
Ferrosos”, Brazilian Society for Metals - Associação Brasileira de Metais, São Paulo, Brazil, June 1989.
S. Liu, “Cast Iron Welding Consumables Research”, AWS Cast Iron Welding Symposium, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, October 1989.
S. Liu, G.R. Edwards, G.P. Martins, and D.L. Olson, “The Physical Basis of Brazing: Transient Liquid Phase
and Reactive Metal Brazing”, Quintech ’89 - Golden Gate Materials Technology Conference, Santa Clara, CA,
February 1989.
G.R. Edwards and S. Liu, “Recent Developments in HSLA Steel Welding”, First US-Japan Symposium on
’Advances in Welding Metallurgy’ -AWS/JWS/JWES, San Francisco, U.S.A. and Yokohama, Japan, June
1990.
S. Liu, “Microstructure of Industrial Brazements”, 25th IMS Convention, Denver, Colorado, August 1992.
S. Liu, “Equal Property Diagrams for Weld Properties Prediction”, Technology Transfer Conference, NIST,
Boulder, Colorado, September 1992.
S. Liu, “Fundamental Studies in Ceramic-to-Metal Brazing”, Keynote Address at the 1992 Brazilian
Materials Congress, Águas de Lindoia, São Paulo, Brazil, December 1992.
S. Liu, “Underwater Welding Technology”, AWS Colorado Section Meeting, March 1993.
S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Welding Metallurgy Seminar Series”, Gansu University of Technology, Shaanxi
University of Technology and Xian Jiao Tong University, China, May 1993.
S. Liu, “Underwater Welding Metallurgy”, Northeastern Junior College Welding Seminar and Exposition,
January 1994.
S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Welding Flux: Nature and Behavior”, ASME-OMAE Workshop on ’Steel and
Weldment for the Offshore Structures: Testing and Data Analysis’, Houston, Texas, February 1994.
S. Liu, “Metallurgy of Structural Steel Welding”, Eastern Wyoming College, AWS Colorado Section Outreach
Program, March 1994.
S. Liu, “Welding in China - Industrial and Educational Outlook”, AWS Colorado Section Meeting, May 1994.
A. Sanchez, S. Liu and D.L. Olson, “Soldaura Submarina Mojada”, Keynote Address (Presentation
Magisterial) at the 2nd Intl. Congress of Welding in Mexico, Monterrey, Mexico, November 1994.
S. Liu, “Weld Pool Phenomena in Underwater Wet Welding", Colorado School of Mines, Dept. of Chemistry
and Geochemistry Seminar, January 1995.
S. Liu, “Role of Oxygen on the Cu-O-Ti/Sapphire Interfacial Region Formation”, GKSS Materials Research
Center, Geesthacht, and Universität der Bunderswehr - Hamburg, Germany, June 1995.
S. Liu, “Interfacial Reactions and Surface Modification Studies at CWJCR,” CSM - Centro Sviluppo Materiali,
Rome, Italy, June 1996.
S. Liu, “Recent Developments in the Welding of High Strength and High Toughness Steels,” Keynote Address,
Israeli Metallurgical Society - Annual Welding Convention, Tel Aviv, Israel, October 1996.
S. Liu, “Recent Development in Underwater Wet Welding - Consumable Formulation,” Israeli Metallurgical
Society - Annual Welding Convention, Tel Aviv, Israel, October 1996.
S. Liu, “A Century of Shielded Metal Arc Welding: Low Tech or High Tech?”, CSM Materials Program
Seminar Series, Golden, Colorado, November 1996.
S. Liu, “Critical Issues in Quality Underwater Wet Welding: A Review”, Keynote Address (Presentation
Magisterial) at the Primer Simposium Internacional de Soldadura, ITESM-Monterrey, Mexico, March 1998.
S. Liu, “Welding Engineering Education: Mission and Responsibility of High Education Institutions”,
Plummer Memorial Educational Lecture presented at the AWS Annual Convention in Detroit, Michigan,
April 1998.
S. Liu, “Arc Welding Consumables - A Century of Evolution”, Keynote Presentation presented at the 5th
International Conference on Trends in Welding Research, Pine Mountain, Georgia,1-5 June 1998.
27. D.L. Olson, S. Liu and S. Caldwell, “Use of Intermetallic Alloys as Additions to Tungsten Electrodes”,
Keynote Presentation presented at the III Pacific Rim Advanced Materials Conference, TMS, Honolulu,
Hawaii, July 1998.
28. S. Liu and P. Camargo, “Role of Oxygen on the Cu-O-Ti/Saphire Interfacial Region Formation”, Invited
Presentation at the Conf. On Advanced Joining Technologies, Rosemont, Illinois, October 1998.
29. S. Liu, “Seminario Taller de Soldadura y Tratamientos Termicos”, Keynote Presentation, Universidad
Nacional del Centro del Peru, Huancayo, Peru, November 1998.
30. S. Liu, “Seminario de Soldadura Humeda”, Invited Presentation, PEMEX/IMP, Ciudad del Carmen, Mexico,
February 1999.
31. S. Liu, “Overview of Mechanical Properties of Materials for Engineers”, Invited Educational Publication,
ASME Career Development Series – 4-Hour Module, ASME International, March 1999.
32. S. Liu, “Recent Approaches in the Design of Flux-Related Arc Welding Consumables”, Keynote Lecture in
the 5th International Seminar on “Numerical Analysis of Weldability”, Graz, Austria, October 4-6, 1999.
33. S. Liu, “Surface Engineering of Titanium Alloys by Laser Gas Alloying”, Keynote Lecture for the
International Conference: Welding and Joining – New Materials and New Perspectives, Tel Aviv, Israel, July
18-20, 2000.
34. S. Liu, “Consumables Development for Shipbuilding in the 21st Century”, Invited Presentation at National
Shipbuilding Research Program - SP-7 “Steels in Shipbuilding” Symposium, Seattle, September 20, 2000.
35. S. Liu, “Underwater Welding of Offshore Facilities – Recent Developments”, Invited Presentation at the
Second Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Workshop on “Assessing and Maintaining the Integrity
of Existing Offshore and Gas Facilities”, Beijing, China, October 9-11, 2000.
36. S. Liu, “Advanced Laser Processing of Materials”, Invited Presentation at the IIW Asian-Pacific Welding
Conference and WTIA Conference, Melbourne, Australia, October 29-November 3, 2000.
37. S. Liu, “Hydrogen Management in High Strength Steel Welding”, Invited Presentation at the IIW AsianPacific Welding Conference and WTIA Conference, Melbourne, Australia, October 29-November 3, 2000.
38. S. Liu, “Underwater Wet Welding – Recent Developments”, Invited Presentation at the Japan ATI-SNIRI
Workshop on “Elucidation of Welding Processes,” Takamatsu, Japan, March 19-20, 2001.
39. S. Liu, “Hydrogen Management Strategies in Arc Welding”, Invited Presentation at the Japan ATI-SNIRI
Workshop on “Elucidation of Welding Processes,” Takamatsu, Japan, March 19-20, 2001.
40. S. Liu, “Underwater Wet Welding of Offshore Structures – Recent Developments”, Invited Presentation at
the ASM International - Rocky Mountain Chapter Meeting, Golden, Colorado, September 6, 2001.
41. S. Liu, “Metallurgical Considerations Consumable Development for Welding High Strength, High Toughness
Steels,” Keynote Lecture at ABM 2002 Assembly, São Paulo, July 23-25, 2002.
42. S. Liu, “Problems on Welding High Strength Low Alloy Steels,” Invited Workshop at ABM 2002 Assembly,
São Paulo, July 23-25, 2002.
43. S. Liu, “Metallurgical Consideration in Gas Metal Arc Welding,” Invited Presentation at Gas Metal Arc
Welding Conference, AWS, Orlando, Florida, September 2002.
44. S. Liu, “Welding Concerns of High Strength Steels, X-80 and Beyond,” Keynote Presentation at the
International Conference on the Application and Evaluation of High-Grade Linepipes in Hostile Environments,
Yokohama, Japan, November 6-8, 2002.
45. S. Liu, “Metallurgical Considerations Consumable Development for Welding High Strength, High Toughness
Steels,” Invited Lecture at the Osaka University, November 5, 2002.
46. S. Liu, “Metallurgical Considerations Consumable Development for Welding High Strength, High Toughness
Steels,” Invited Lecture at Nippon Steel Corporation, Kimitsu Labs, November 11, 2002.
47. S. Liu, “Metallurgical Considerations Consumable Development for Welding High Strength, High Toughness
Steels,” Invited Lecture at Sumitomo Metals Research, Kashima Works, November 12, 2002.
48. S. Liu, “Underwater Wet Welding Research at Colorado School of Mines,” Invited Seminar at the Women in
Mining Society (WIM) Denver Chapter Meeting, September 17, 2003.
49. S. Liu, “Microstructure and Property Control in High Strength, High Toughness Steel Welds,” Keynote
Presentation at the Intl. Conf. On Welding and Joining of Materials, Lima, Peru, October 27-29, 2003.
50. S. Liu, “Two Decades of Progress in Underwater Wet Welding Using the SMAW Process,” Invited Seminar
at the Rocky Mountain Chinese Society of Science and Engineering (RMCSSE) Technical Seminars Meeting,
Denver, April 24, 2004.
51. S. Liu, “Welding High Strength, High Toughness Steels,” Invited Lecture at Shipbuilding Materials Research
Institute 527, Luoyang, China, May 31, 2004.
52. S. Liu, “Underwater Wet Welding in Shipbuilding and Offshore Industries,” Invited Lecture at Shipbuilding
Materials Research Institute 527, Luoyang, China, June 1, 2004.
53. S. Liu, “Critical Issues in High Strength Steel Welding - Evolutional and Revolutionary Approaches,“ Keynote
Presentation at the Associação Brasileira de Soldagem 2004 Congress, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, September 1316, 2004.
54. T.A. Siewert, J.C. Madeni and S. Liu, “Lead Free Solder Data Collection and Development,” Plenary Keynote
Presentation at the Welding & Joining 2005, Tel Aviv, Israel, January 26-27, 2005.
55. S. Liu, “Evolutionary and Revolutionary Approaches in High Strength Steel Welding,” Plenary Keynote
Presentation at the Welding & Joining 2005, Tel Aviv, Israel, January 26-27, 2005.
56. S. Liu, “Recent Progress in Underwater Wet Welding: Porosity and Microstructural Concerns,” Inviteed
Seminar at the LeTourneau University, Materials Joining Department, February 16, 2007.
57. S. Liu, “Weld Residual Stress Management through Controlled Phase Transformations,” Invited Seminar at the
ASM International Los Alamos National Laboratory Chapter, March 15, 2007.
58. S. Liu, “Residual Stress Management through Controlled Phase Transformations to Improve Fatigue Strength
of Weldments,” Plenary Keynote Presentation at II International Conference on Welding & Joining of
Materials, Cusco, Peru, April 26-27, 2007.