Introduction to Writing Documents with LYX
Erich Hoover
Academic Chair, CSM Graduate Student Association
March 25, 2011
Outline
Installation
Purpose
Toolbar
Special Formatting
Greek Symbols
Working with Floats
Tables
Figures
Subfigures
Cross-referencing
Equations
Lists
Citing References
Conclusion
Downloading
Installation
Free Download:
http://www.lyx.org/Download
The installer for Windows includes the MiKTeX distribution of
LATEX.
The installer for Mac OS X requires the installation of
MacTeX.
Installations for Linux will automatically install LATEX through
your distribution’s package manager.
Installing on Windows
Installation
Installing on Windows
Installation
Installing on Windows
Installation
Installing on Windows
Installation
Installing on Windows
Installation
Installing on Windows
Installation
Installing on Windows
Installation
Installing on Windows
Installation
Installing on Windows
Installation
What exactly is LYX?
Purpose
Not exactly a typesetting application (LATEX).
Not exactly a word processor (Word).
Not WYSIWYG — “What You See Is What You Get”
LYX is rather a “document processor,” or
WYSIWYM — “What You See Is What You Mean”
What exactly is LYX?
Purpose
Not exactly a typesetting application (LATEX).
Not exactly a word processor (Word).
Not WYSIWYG — “What You See Is What You Get”
LYX is rather a “document processor,” or
WYSIWYM — “What You See Is What You Mean”
What exactly is LYX?
Purpose
Not exactly a typesetting application (LATEX).
Not exactly a word processor (Word).
Not WYSIWYG — “What You See Is What You Get”
LYX is rather a “document processor,” or
WYSIWYM — “What You See Is What You Mean”
What exactly is LYX?
Purpose
Not exactly a typesetting application (LATEX).
Not exactly a word processor (Word).
Not WYSIWYG — “What You See Is What You Get”
LYX is rather a “document processor,” or
WYSIWYM — “What You See Is What You Mean”
WYSIWYM
Purpose
The document must be “rendered,” it cannot be printed
directly.
Document appearance is defined by styles, rather than explicit
formatting.
Styles are preset concepts that exist outside the document
itself (ie. “Chapter” or “Enumeration”).
Most writers only need to worry about the meaning of each
component of the document, how the document renders is
handled by the chosen style.
Custom styles are generally implemented by a typesetter, who
will handle how each concept renders in the resulting
document.
WYSIWYM
Purpose
The document must be “rendered,” it cannot be printed
directly.
Document appearance is defined by styles, rather than explicit
formatting.
Styles are preset concepts that exist outside the document
itself (ie. “Chapter” or “Enumeration”).
Most writers only need to worry about the meaning of each
component of the document, how the document renders is
handled by the chosen style.
Custom styles are generally implemented by a typesetter, who
will handle how each concept renders in the resulting
document.
WYSIWYM
Purpose
The document must be “rendered,” it cannot be printed
directly.
Document appearance is defined by styles, rather than explicit
formatting.
Styles are preset concepts that exist outside the document
itself (ie. “Chapter” or “Enumeration”).
Most writers only need to worry about the meaning of each
component of the document, how the document renders is
handled by the chosen style.
Custom styles are generally implemented by a typesetter, who
will handle how each concept renders in the resulting
document.
WYSIWYM
Purpose
The document must be “rendered,” it cannot be printed
directly.
Document appearance is defined by styles, rather than explicit
formatting.
Styles are preset concepts that exist outside the document
itself (ie. “Chapter” or “Enumeration”).
Most writers only need to worry about the meaning of each
component of the document, how the document renders is
handled by the chosen style.
Custom styles are generally implemented by a typesetter, who
will handle how each concept renders in the resulting
document.
WYSIWYM
Purpose
The document must be “rendered,” it cannot be printed
directly.
Document appearance is defined by styles, rather than explicit
formatting.
Styles are preset concepts that exist outside the document
itself (ie. “Chapter” or “Enumeration”).
Most writers only need to worry about the meaning of each
component of the document, how the document renders is
handled by the chosen style.
Custom styles are generally implemented by a typesetter, who
will handle how each concept renders in the resulting
document.
Important Toolbar Buttons
Toolbar
Style Selection Dropdown Box
Check for Spelling Mistakes
Toggle Emphasis (Italics)
In-line Math (NOT for Numbered Equations)
Insert Float for Graphic
Insert Graphic (Without Float)
Insert Float for Table
Insert Table (Without Float)
Toggle Outline View (Table of Contents)
Important Toolbar Buttons
Toolbar
Insert Cross-referencing Label
Insert Cross-reference
Insert Bibliography Citation
Insert Footnote
Insert Typesetting Code (“Evil Red Text”)
Change Style of Hilighted Text
Change Style of Current Paragraph
Render and View the Document
Important Formatting Options
Special Formatting
Insert
Formatting
Superscript
Insert
Formatting
Subscript
Insert
Formatting
Protected Space
Insert
Formatting
Thin Space
Create a small upper-right text box.
Create a small lower-right text box.
Create a “standard size” space between
items and ensure that a linebreak does
not occur on that space.
Create a “half size” space between items
and ensure that a linebreak does not occur on that space. This formatting mark
is primarily for use with Latin abbreviations (like i. e.) and for separating variables in equations.
Important Formatting Options
Special Formatting
Insert
Formatting
Ragged Line Break
Insert
Formatting
Hyphenation Point
Insert
Special Character
Protected Hyphen
Insert
Formatting
New Page
Insert
Special Character
Ellipsis
End the line without starting a new
paragraph.
Place a suggested point of hyphenation
for when a word breaks at the end of a
line.
Place a hyphen that does not break at
the end of a line.
Force following content to occur on a
new page.
Insert an ellipsis (. . . ).
Inserting Greek Symbols
Greek Symbols
Greek symbols can be inserted with the
“Insert
Special Character
Symbols. . . ” dialog.
Generally these symbols should be inserted by inserting the
symbol within an in-line math formula. That way the style of
the symbol will match with when it is used inside a full-blown
equation.
Inside a math mode box any Greek character can be created
by selecting the appropriate character from the “Greek” menu
(α symbol) on the “Math Panel”.
Inserting Greek Symbols
Greek Symbols
Greek symbols can be inserted with the
“Insert
Special Character
Symbols. . . ” dialog.
Generally these symbols should be inserted by inserting the
symbol within an in-line math formula. That way the style of
the symbol will match with when it is used inside a full-blown
equation.
Inside a math mode box any Greek character can be created
by selecting the appropriate character from the “Greek” menu
(α symbol) on the “Math Panel”.
Inserting Greek Symbols
Greek Symbols
Greek symbols can be inserted with the
“Insert
Special Character
Symbols. . . ” dialog.
Generally these symbols should be inserted by inserting the
symbol within an in-line math formula. That way the style of
the symbol will match with when it is used inside a full-blown
equation.
Inside a math mode box any Greek character can be created
by selecting the appropriate character from the “Greek” menu
(α symbol) on the “Math Panel”.
What is a “float”?
Working with Floats
Unlike in a word processor, in professional typeset documents
figures and tables are generally automatically placed nearby
the referencing text ± a couple pages.
Informing the software which objects should be placed like this
is done through the use of a “float,” since those objects may
float (move around) during the rendering process.
All captioned figures and tables must be placed in a float.
There are different types of floats for different objects, this
fact is important for many documents (such as the unofficial
thesis template) where the correct position of the caption
differs between different float types.
What is a “float”?
Working with Floats
Unlike in a word processor, in professional typeset documents
figures and tables are generally automatically placed nearby
the referencing text ± a couple pages.
Informing the software which objects should be placed like this
is done through the use of a “float,” since those objects may
float (move around) during the rendering process.
All captioned figures and tables must be placed in a float.
There are different types of floats for different objects, this
fact is important for many documents (such as the unofficial
thesis template) where the correct position of the caption
differs between different float types.
What is a “float”?
Working with Floats
Unlike in a word processor, in professional typeset documents
figures and tables are generally automatically placed nearby
the referencing text ± a couple pages.
Informing the software which objects should be placed like this
is done through the use of a “float,” since those objects may
float (move around) during the rendering process.
All captioned figures and tables must be placed in a float.
There are different types of floats for different objects, this
fact is important for many documents (such as the unofficial
thesis template) where the correct position of the caption
differs between different float types.
What is a “float”?
Working with Floats
Unlike in a word processor, in professional typeset documents
figures and tables are generally automatically placed nearby
the referencing text ± a couple pages.
Informing the software which objects should be placed like this
is done through the use of a “float,” since those objects may
float (move around) during the rendering process.
All captioned figures and tables must be placed in a float.
There are different types of floats for different objects, this
fact is important for many documents (such as the unofficial
thesis template) where the correct position of the caption
differs between different float types.
Creating a Table
Working with Floats
Creating a Table
Working with Floats
Creating a Table
Working with Floats
Creating a Table
Working with Floats
Creating a Table
Working with Floats
Creating a Table
Working with Floats
Creating a Table
Working with Floats
Creating a Table
Working with Floats
Creating a Table
Working with Floats
Creating a Table
Working with Floats
Creating a Table
Working with Floats
Creating a Table
Working with Floats
Creating a Table
Working with Floats
(Rendered Document)
Creating a Figure
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure w/ Subfigures
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure w/ Subfigures
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure w/ Subfigures
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure w/ Subfigures
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure w/ Subfigures
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure w/ Subfigures
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure w/ Subfigures
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure w/ Subfigures
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure w/ Subfigures
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure w/ Subfigures
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure w/ Subfigures
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure w/ Subfigures
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure w/ Subfigures
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure w/ Subfigures
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure w/ Subfigures
Working with Floats
(Rendered Document)
Creating a Figure w/ Subfigures
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure w/ Subfigures
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure w/ Subfigures
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure w/ Subfigures
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure w/ Subfigures
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure w/ Subfigures
Working with Floats
Creating a Figure w/ Subfigures
Working with Floats
(Rendered Document)
Referencing Tables, Figures, and Equations
Cross-referencing
LATEX (and, by extension, LYX) keeps track of the linking
between an object and any references to it in the text, this
feature allows for the software to autoregenerate the text
(such as the equation number) when the order of any of these
items changes.
In order to keep track of this information the user must
“label” anything they wish to reference in the text and later
“cross-reference” that item to insert the appropriate reference
to the item.
All labels are descriptive text defined by the author (rather
than an autogenerated number), permitting easy identification
of which object is being referenced.
Referencing Tables, Figures, and Equations
Cross-referencing
LATEX (and, by extension, LYX) keeps track of the linking
between an object and any references to it in the text, this
feature allows for the software to autoregenerate the text
(such as the equation number) when the order of any of these
items changes.
In order to keep track of this information the user must
“label” anything they wish to reference in the text and later
“cross-reference” that item to insert the appropriate reference
to the item.
All labels are descriptive text defined by the author (rather
than an autogenerated number), permitting easy identification
of which object is being referenced.
Referencing Tables, Figures, and Equations
Cross-referencing
LATEX (and, by extension, LYX) keeps track of the linking
between an object and any references to it in the text, this
feature allows for the software to autoregenerate the text
(such as the equation number) when the order of any of these
items changes.
In order to keep track of this information the user must
“label” anything they wish to reference in the text and later
“cross-reference” that item to insert the appropriate reference
to the item.
All labels are descriptive text defined by the author (rather
than an autogenerated number), permitting easy identification
of which object is being referenced.
Labeling an Object
Cross-referencing
Labeling an Object
Cross-referencing
Labeling an Object
Cross-referencing
Labeling an Object
Cross-referencing
Labeling an Object
Cross-referencing
Labeling an Object
Cross-referencing
Labeling an Object
Cross-referencing
Labeling an Object
Cross-referencing
(Rendered Document)
Using Equations
Equations
LATEX and LYX were designed around the ability to use
equations, resulting in a system that allows for extremely
user-friendly equation editing.
This system was designed so well that virtually all software
supports the LATEX language for writing equations, you can
even see this in Wikipedia if you ever view the “alternate
text” for an equation.
In addition to a nice user-interface, LYX permits copying and
pasting LATEX equations from any application.
Using Equations
Equations
LATEX and LYX were designed around the ability to use
equations, resulting in a system that allows for extremely
user-friendly equation editing.
This system was designed so well that virtually all software
supports the LATEX language for writing equations, you can
even see this in Wikipedia if you ever view the “alternate
text” for an equation.
In addition to a nice user-interface, LYX permits copying and
pasting LATEX equations from any application.
Using Equations
Equations
LATEX and LYX were designed around the ability to use
equations, resulting in a system that allows for extremely
user-friendly equation editing.
This system was designed so well that virtually all software
supports the LATEX language for writing equations, you can
even see this in Wikipedia if you ever view the “alternate
text” for an equation.
In addition to a nice user-interface, LYX permits copying and
pasting LATEX equations from any application.
“Advanced” Equations
Equations
As an extension of copy-pasting equations, LYX allows the
user to type raw LATEX equations and then convert them into
a “pretty print” view when they press the spacebar.
LYX helps the user to learn this language (if they wish) by
informing the user of the LATEX command for an operator
whenever they insert it into an equation. This message (along
with the keyboard shortcut) is displayed unobtrusively in the
status bar at the bottom of the window:
“Advanced” Equations
Equations
As an extension of copy-pasting equations, LYX allows the
user to type raw LATEX equations and then convert them into
a “pretty print” view when they press the spacebar.
LYX helps the user to learn this language (if they wish) by
informing the user of the LATEX command for an operator
whenever they insert it into an equation. This message (along
with the keyboard shortcut) is displayed unobtrusively in the
status bar at the bottom of the window:
Typesetting Equations
Equations
Typesetting Equations
Equations
Typesetting Equations
Equations
Typesetting Equations
Equations
Typesetting Equations
Equations
Typesetting Equations
Equations
Typesetting Equations
Equations
Typesetting Equations
Equations
Typesetting Equations
Equations
Note the purple “selection box,” this indicates that you are
within an equation object.
Typesetting Equations
Equations
Note that the purple “selection box” is now gone, indicating
the cursor is no-longer within the object.
Typesetting Equations
Equations
Typesetting Equations
Equations
Note the purple “selection box,” this indicates that you are
within an equation object.
Typesetting Equations
Equations
Note that the purple “selection box” is now gone, indicating
the cursor is no-longer within the object.
Typesetting Equations
Equations
Typesetting Equations
Equations
Typesetting Equations
Equations
Typesetting Equations
Equations
Typesetting Equations
Equations
Typesetting Equations
Equations
Typesetting Equations
Equations
Typesetting Equations
Equations
(Rendered Document)
List Environments
Lists
LATEX and LYX have built-in list environments that permit
consistently displaying list content throughout the document.
Default bullets and numbering are built into LATEX; however,
the user may override these options at their discretion.
Overriding the defaults in LYX is performed in the
“Document
Settings” dialog under the “Bullets” heading
(there are numerous built-in bullet styles at your disposal).
List Environments
Lists
LATEX and LYX have built-in list environments that permit
consistently displaying list content throughout the document.
Default bullets and numbering are built into LATEX; however,
the user may override these options at their discretion.
Overriding the defaults in LYX is performed in the
“Document
Settings” dialog under the “Bullets” heading
(there are numerous built-in bullet styles at your disposal).
List Environments
Lists
LATEX and LYX have built-in list environments that permit
consistently displaying list content throughout the document.
Default bullets and numbering are built into LATEX; however,
the user may override these options at their discretion.
Overriding the defaults in LYX is performed in the
“Document
Settings” dialog under the “Bullets” heading
(there are numerous built-in bullet styles at your disposal).
Making Lists
Lists
Making Lists
Lists
Making Lists
Lists
Making Lists
Lists
Keeping Track of References
Citing References
Just like cross-references, LATEX (and LYX) keep track of
citations automatically and present the reference using a
descriptive user-specified label.
The actual information displayed for the bibliography is stored
in a text file called a “BIBTEX Database” (“.bib” extension).
Most citation software packages and websites support
exporting to BIBTEX - including EndNote, JabRef, Mendeley,
Papers, and Zotero.
Keeping Track of References
Citing References
Just like cross-references, LATEX (and LYX) keep track of
citations automatically and present the reference using a
descriptive user-specified label.
The actual information displayed for the bibliography is stored
in a text file called a “BIBTEX Database” (“.bib” extension).
Most citation software packages and websites support
exporting to BIBTEX - including EndNote, JabRef, Mendeley,
Papers, and Zotero.
Keeping Track of References
Citing References
Just like cross-references, LATEX (and LYX) keep track of
citations automatically and present the reference using a
descriptive user-specified label.
The actual information displayed for the bibliography is stored
in a text file called a “BIBTEX Database” (“.bib” extension).
Most citation software packages and websites support
exporting to BIBTEX - including EndNote, JabRef, Mendeley,
Papers, and Zotero.
Setting a Database
Citing References
NOTE: With a brand-new document the bibliography must
first be inserted through the menu:
“Insert
List/TOC
BibTeX Biliography. . . ”
Setting a Database
Citing References
Setting a Database
Citing References
Setting a Database
Citing References
Setting a Database
Citing References
NOTE: With most documents you must also set a style, this
is usually “unsrtnat” or “authordate1” (the thesis template
does this automatically).
Adding a Citation
Citing References
Adding a Citation
Citing References
Adding a Citation
Citing References
Adding a Citation
Citing References
Adding a Citation
Citing References
Adding a Citation
Citing References
Adding a Citation
Citing References
(Rendered Document)
Using Author-Date References
Citing References
Using Author-Date References
Citing References
Using Author-Date References
Citing References
Using Author-Date References
Citing References
Using Author-Date References
Citing References
(Rendered Document)
Conclusion
LYX allows users without a background in LATEX typesetting
to easily write large professional documents.
The unofficial CSM thesis template integrates directly into
LYX, making writing your thesis just like writing any other
document in LYX. This template can be downloaded from the
GSA website:
http://organizations.mines.edu/gsa/resources.html
Questions?