Geospatial Knowledge Infrastructures Workshop
Cardiff, 27/11/2007
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
Ulrich Bügel
Fraunhofer IITB, Karlsruhe
© ORCHESTRA Consortium
Content
1. ORCHESTRA
2. Semantics in ORCHESTRA
3. Semantic Services
4. Application in Pilots
5. Demonstration
6. Conclusion
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
2007-11-26
Slide 2
Problem statement of a Civil Protection or
Environmental Agency
Conceptual ref.:
What is a risk ?
How big is the risk of a
forest fire in a certain
region of the Pyrenees
in a given season ?
Spatial ref.:
cross-border, crossadministration
Thematic ref.:
Forest Fire – Vegetation –
Geology – Cartography –
Meteorology –
Settlements – Industry –
Traffic - ...
Temporal ref.:
Time series and
prognostics
Quelle: http://iapf.physik.tuberlin.de/DZ/dickow/Pyrenaeen/Karte.html
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
2007-11-26
Slide 3
ORCHESTRA Architectural Approach
Maps
Analysis
Info Centre
Archive
Control centre
Knowledge
Base(s)
Catalog(s)
Thematic data
Spatial data
Metainformation
Documents
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
Sensors
2007-11-26
Slide 4
Claim of the ORCHESTRA Reference Model
Open Service-oriented Architecture
improving Interoperability
• Public and free specifications
• Use of existing standards
• Contribute to the evolution of standards
• Syntactic Æ encodings
• Structural Æ schemas, interfaces
• Semantic Æ meaning
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
2007-11-26
Slide 5
RM-OA: Basis and Extensions/Adaptions
User Requirements
System Requirements
Risk Management Projects
Req. Analysis Æ functional,
informational and qualitative
ISO
RM-ODP
process
model
SOA
Reference Model for the
ORCHESTRA Architecture
(RM-OA)
conceptual model
geospatial
services
IT Challenges Æ
Architectural Principles
Web Services
service meta-model
SOA Reference Model
Semantics
OASIS
OGC
ISO 191xx
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
W3C
2007-11-26
Slide 6
RM-OA Design Process: Iterations
User Requirements
System Requirements
Risk Management Projects
ORCHESTRA Pilots
ISO
RM-ODP
process
model
SOA
IT Challenges Æ
Architectural Principles
OGC 07-097 BP
Reference Model for the
ORCHESTRA Architecture
(RM-OA)
OGC 07-024 DP
OGC 05-107 DP
conceptual model
geospatial
services
Web Services
service meta-model
SOA Reference Model
Semantics
OASIS
OGC
ISO 191xx
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
W3C
2007-11-26
Slide 7
Position of the RM-OA in the Engineering Process
Problem
Problem
Requirements
F: functional
I: informational
Q: qualitative/non-functional
analysis
abstract design
F
RM-OA
I
Q
Abstract Service Platform
concrete design
W3C Web Services
Platform-neutral
generic specification
in UML
Concrete Service Platform
engineering
Operation Policies
Service Networks
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
2007-11-26
Slide 8
ORCHESTRA Result (1): Abstract Architecture
Problem
Problem
ORCHESTRA Architecture
analysis
Meta-model Services and Information
abstract design
F
I
Q
Abstract Service Platform
Service/Interface Abstract Specs (UML) of
Architecture Services
(Meta-)Information Models (UML)
concrete design
Concrete Service Platform
engineering
Service Networks
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
2007-11-26
Slide 9
ORCHESTRA Result (2): Application Architecture
Problem
Problem
ORCHESTRA Architecture
analysis
Meta-model Services and Information
abstract design
F
I
Q
Abstract Service Platform
Service/Interface Abstract Specs (UML) of
Architecture Services
(Meta-)Information Models (UML)
concrete design
thematic extension
Concrete Service Platform
ORCHESTRA Application Architecture
engineering
Thematic Services (UML)
Service Networks
Thematic (Meta-)Information Models (UML)
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
2007-11-26
Slide 10
ORCHESTRA Result (3): Implementation (Specs)
Problem
Problem
analysis
abstract design
F
I
ORCHESTRA Implementation Support
Q
Specification of Web Service Platform
(WSDL, SOAP, GML Profile)
Abstract Service Platform
Development Tools (UMLÆ platform)
concrete design
Service Development Frameworks
Concrete Service Platform
Service/Interface Impl. Specs
engineering
Service Implementation Components
Service Networks
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
2007-11-26
Slide 11
ORCHESTRA Result (4): Service Networks
ORCHESTRA Implementation Architecture
Problem
Problem
analysis
Integration of Service Components
abstract design
F
I
Integration of Application Components
Q
Abstract Service Platform
concrete design
Service Network Management
(Configuration and Monitoring)
Policy Configuration
(e.g. discovery, access control)
Concrete Service Platform
engineering
Service Networks
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
ORCHESTRA Pilot Applications
• Forest Fire
• Marine
• Flooding
• Geo-hazards
2007-11-26
Slide 12
Content
1. ORCHESTRA
2. Semantics in ORCHESTRA
3. Semantic Services
4. Application in Pilots
5. Demonstration
6. Conclusion
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
2007-11-26
Slide 13
Information Viewpoint
Level:
Conceptual Domain Ontology
Semantics
resulting from
generated from
Logical Domain Ontology
generated from
influenced by high-level concepts of
semantics
defined by
Metamodel
OMM
rules defined by
Schema
OAS
OAS-MI
is associated with
Source
System
Level
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
2007-11-26
Slide 14
Service Viewpoint
Simulation Management
Thematic
Services
Hazard Assessment
Vulnarability computation
Flood modelling
Catalogue
Architectural
Services
Map & Diagram
Sensor Access
Feature Access
Authentication
Monitoring
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
Semantic Services
2007-11-26
Slide 15
Content
1. ORCHESTRA
2. Semantics in ORCHESTRA
3. Semantic Services
4. Application in Pilots
5. Demonstration
6. Conclusion
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
2007-11-26
Slide 16
Ontology Access Service
Development of Ontologies:
- By domain experts
- Through dedicated tools
TransferSyntax, e.g.
SOAP
High-level access and
queries to ontologies
Subsumption Reasoning, e.g.
“ForestFire is-a-type-of Event”
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
Ontology Access Service
+ setOntology
+ getOntology
+ deleteOntology
+ parseOntology
+ getTBoxVocabulary
+ getABoxVocabulary
Optional:
Inferencing Interface
Knowledge Base Interface
Ontology
Access
And
Storage
2007-11-26
Slide 17
Annotation Service 1/3
Semantic Web Approach:
Make meta-information explicit, formal, accessible and transferrable
r1 c1 r2
c2
c3
i1
r3
i2
c4
i3
Define Ontologies:
formal representations of domain knowledge
e.g. concepts, instances, relations
Annotations:
Mapping of ontological elements to
TBT
Mollusc
Ship
Objects in the application domain
ƒ Documents, web pages, text passages
ƒ Services
ƒ Application data
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
2007-11-26
Slide 18
Annotation Service 2/3
r1
c2
OWL
c1 r
2
c3
i1
r3
Annotation Service
+ annotateText
+ annotateDocument
+ annotateDataOntology
c4
i2
TBT
i3
SOAP
Mollusc
Ship
Strategy
• Identify concepts
• identify instances
• identify relations
•…
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
Information
Extraction
+
Natural
Language
Processing
Ontology
Analysis
Annotation
Set
SOAP
TBT
Mollusc
Ship
2007-11-26
Slide 19
Annotation Service 3/3
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
2007-11-26
Slide 20
Scenario: Semantic Catalogue
Q
Ontology Access
Service
Cat.Search Interface
Semantic
Query Proc.
R
Semantic
Report Gen.
Ontology
Q
Cat.Search Interface
Semantic Add-On
for Orchestra
Catalogue
R
Orchestra
Catalogue
(CS-cascading)
CS
I
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
CS
II
Native
Catalogues
(CS)
2007-11-26
Slide 21
Content
1. ORCHESTRA
2. Semantics in ORCHESTRA
3. Semantic Services
4. Application in Pilots
5. Demonstration
6. Conclusion
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
2007-11-26
Slide 22
ORCHESTRA Pilot: German Bight „Antifoulants“
Pollution along shipping routes
Middle
High
Queries:
• Toxicity levels
• Limit exceedance
• Impact on species
Low
Prediction through dynamic models
Æ Intersection with protection areas Æ Risk maps
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
2007-11-26
Slide 23
German Bight Pilot / Services
Simulation Management Service
Simulation Data Service-Currents
Pilot Application
SDS-Bathymetry
SDS-Shipping Route
Catalogue Service
SDS-Wind
ORCHESTRA Service Network
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
Meta
information
2007-11-26
Slide 24
German Bight Pilot / Questions on Risk Maps
Impact of TBT, copper ?
What are molluscs ?
Water quality at beaches ?
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
2007-11-26
Slide 25
German Bight Pilot / Semantic Catalogue
... Too high level ...TBT concentration
caused by ... antifoulant paintings ...
of ship hulls ... simulation has turned
out ... areas ... imposex of gastropodes
has been observed... To the biggest
class of molluscs ...
Annotation Service
Background
Q
Ontology Access
Service
OAS-MI
R
Semantic Catalogue Service
OGC-ISO
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
OGC-ebRIM
UDDI
Google-like
2007-11-26
Slide 26
Meta-Pilot Ontology Excerpt
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
2007-11-26
Slide 27
Metapilot / Semantic Catalogue
ORCHESTRA Catalogue Client
Semantic
Query
Expansion
SOAP Web Service
Interface
ORCHESTRA Catalogue Service
Semantic
Annotation
Option: Semantic Catalogue
cascading
Typsa Pilot
OGC Catalogue
ISO
BRGM Pilot
OGC Catalogue
JRC Pilot
OGC Catalogue
Metainformation
ebRIM profiles
ISO
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
BMT Pilot
OGC Catalogue
Yahoo API
ISO
2007-11-26
Slide 28
Content
1. ORCHESTRA
2. Semantics in ORCHESTRA
3. Semantic Services
4. Scenarios, Pilots
5. Demonstration
6. Conclusion
Æ http://catalogueclient.iitb.fraunhofer.de
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
2007-11-26
Slide 29
Conclusion
Development of geospatial environmental information systems:
Promoted by OGC community
Needs of stakeholders are well reflected
Syntactic interoperability
Semantic Interoperability:
Main driving force: W3C, Semantic Web
Academic flavour, little impact from stakeholder site
ORCHESTRA approach:
Archictecture capable to integrate semantic services
Maintains compatibility to OGC standards
Positive feedback from stakeholders
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
2007-11-26
Slide 30
Fraunhofer IITB - Innovative IT Solutions
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR
ATTENTION
Business Unit „Information Management“
• Information and Knowledge Logistics
Ulrich Bügel
Fraunhofer IITB, Fraunhoferstr. 1
76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
e-mail: buegel@iitb.fraunhofer.de
Ontology Based Discovery and Annotation of
Resources in Geospatial Applications
• Thematic Information Systems
(Environment)
• Simulation Systems
• IT consulting
2007-11-26
Slide 31