Species 2000: indexing the
world’s known species
The Species 2000 Programme has the
ambitious aim of creating a uniform and
validated index to the world’s known
species for use as a practical tool in
inventorying and monitoring biodiversity
worldwide.
Species 2000 was initiated by the
scientific unions IUBS, CODATA and
IUMS and subsequently established as an
independent not-for-profit organisation.
Species 2000 Architecture
Hierarchies
Array of GSD’s
(the taxonomic
& interim lists
core)
Array (or digital library) of biodiversity databases
connected by onward links, the majority regional databases
Properties of Global Species
Databases (GSDs)
They can be put together end-to-end because they do not overlap
and they contain a consistent taxonomic treatment for the whole
of one higher taxon. (Floras / Faunas do overlap, and must
therefore be reworked before being put together.)
Flora 1
1
2
3
4
Flora 2
Flora 3
GSDs (taxa) – no overlap
Floras/Faunas overlap
Various routes to a GSD
•
•
•
•
•
Region by region: Mollusca
Taxon-by-taxon: USDA-Diptera, Crustacea
Combination: ILDIS
Starting with names: MossTROPICOS
Inherit a taxonomy: FishBase, DAPTF,
ProkaryoBase
Concepts for Species 2000
The Catalogue of Life
- Dynamic Checklist
- Annual Checklist
- Names Service
Network of Regional & Sectoral Linkages
- Digital Library/ Access by Species
- Regional taxonomic systems
Concepts for Species 2000
The Catalogue of Life
- Dynamic Checklist
- Annual Checklist
- Names Service
Network of Regional & Sectoral Linkages
- Digital Library/ Access by Species
- Regional taxonomic systems
Concepts for Species 2000
The Catalogue of Life
- Dynamic Checklist
- Annual Checklist
- Names Service
Network of Regional & Sectoral Linkages
- Digital Library/ Access by Species
- Regional taxonomic systems
Concepts for Species 2000
The Catalogue of Life
- Dynamic Checklist
- Annual Checklist
- Names Service
Network of Regional & Sectoral Linkages
- Digital Library/ Access by Species
- Regional taxonomic systems
Goal of Species 2000 Asia Oceania
Species 2000 Asia Oceania will support
“Species 2000: Indexing world’s known
species” and will undertake specific
regional activities not otherwise done,
such as value added regional and local
information relating to biodiversity.
GSD
GSD
GSD
GSD
GSD
Euro-Hub
GSD
GSD
LITCHI-Link
Euro+Med
Global Hub
Fauna Europaea
ERMS
Available Spring 2002
269,000 Species (860,000 Names including Synonyms & Common Names
Annual
Species
Checklist
ITIS
Dynamic
Species
Checklist
Names
Service
Micro- Algae Invert. Insects
Fish Fungi Plants
Services for local & regional
organisations
1) Framework for connecting local databases by species
- with taxonomically intelligent links,
- providing access to, and access from databases
2) Baseline Species List Service
- download taxonomic checklists,
- receive annual updates
3) Dynamic Taxonomic Upgrading
- keep data taxonomically updated without editing
Services for a range of international
organisations
1) Global Biodiversity: CBD, UNEP etc.
2) Collections Community: CETAF, BioCISE
3) Conservation: BCIS, EEA
4) Molecular/sequence Community: EMBL, NCBI
5) Food, Agrochemical, GMO Industry
6) Library & Information Industry
7) AgroForestry & Germplasm: CGIAR, SINGER
8) Regulation: CITES, TRAFFIC
Project Team, IS, & Taxonomy Groups
PROJECT TEAM
INF. SYSTEMS GROUP
Richard White (Southampton Univ., UK)
Rainer Froese (FishBase, Germany)
Alex Gray (University of Cardiff, UK)
Paula Huddleston (ITIS. USA)
Junko Shimura (RIKEN, Japan)
Frank Bisby (ILDIS, UK)
Lois Blaine (ATCC, USA)
Vanderlei Canhos (BDT, Brazil)
Rainer Froese (FishBase, Philippines)
Judith Howcroft (Zoo. Record, UK)
Michael Ruggiero (ITIS, USA)
TAXONOMY GROUP
Peter Schalk (ETI, Netherlands)
Karen Wilson (IOPI, Australia)
Junko Shimura (BIOS, Japan)
Frank Bisby (ILDIS, UK)
Hideyuki Shimizu (NIES, Japan)
Dennis Gordon (NIWA, New Zealand)
Richard White (Southampton Univ UK) Thierry Bourgoin (Fulgoromorpha, France)
Karen Wilson (IOPI, Australia)
Vera Fonseca (NHM Sao Paulo, Brazil)
Indexing the world's known species
www.sp2000.org
GBIF CONTENT STRUCTURE and
FUNDING
Catalog
Catalog
of
of
Names
Names
Common
access
Global
“enabling” DBs
(thesauri, etc.)
Data-rich
Local
Sources
Distributed, local or regional, specialized databases
Funding
Intensity
International
Local / Regional
GBIF CONTENT AND
CONNECTIONS
Content area responsibilities of GBIF
Biological
Specimen
Data
GenBank,
GenBank, et
al.
Electronic
Electronic
Catalog
Catalogof
of
Names
Names
Sequence Data
(RNA, protein,
etc.)
GeospatialD
ata
Climate
Data
“SpeciesBank”
SpeciesBank”
Biodiversity
Literature
Resources
GBIF will enable synergism among existing
investments that is not possible at present
Ecosystems
Data
Ecological
Data
Existing
responsibilities of
other agencies
Investigating a federated architecture
for creating a catalogue of life
BBSRC/EPSRC Bioinformatics Initiative
Frank Bisby, Ghillean Prance & Paul Henderson
(Univ. of Reading, RBG Kew & NHM London)
Alex Gray, Richard White, Andrew Jones & Nick Fiddian
(Univ. of Cardiff & Univ. of Southampton)
with BIOSIS UK, David Gee & Shimura et al. (RIKEN)
International Collaboration with China 26/27 June 2002
BiodiversityWorld (BDWorld)
on the BioGRID
A Problem Solving Environment for Global Biodiversity on the GRID
(BBSRC e-SCIENCE pogramme)
Frank A. Bisby, Alec Gray, Richard White, Malcolm
Scoble, Andrew Jones, Nick Fiddian, Alastair Culham, Paul
Valdes
Centre for Plant Diversity & Systematics,
The University of Reading
WITH: University of Cardiff,
University of Southampton
& The Natural History Museum
BDWorld
Distributed array
of GSD sources
START
User seeks specification
of precise taxon set with
synonyms & common
names.
User seeks a study dataset
for the taxon set,
composed from multiple
supplies.
User arranges analysis of study
dataset using toolkit, and
possibly interacting with further
non-biodiversity datasets.
Stage 1
enquiry name(s)
returns list of accepted taxa &
synonyms & common names
enquiry: select ‘data’ for
‘taxon set’
Stage 2
Stage 3
Presentation and
Storage of result
return dataset composed of
homologous responses from
multiple thematic data sources
Analytical
Toolkit
Species
2000
Catalogue
of Life
Distributed array
of thematic data
sources
Reference to
Abiotic datasets
Distribution Data
•Area data from ILDIS
•Point data from private databases and herbaria
Point data of Leucaena leucocephala from Hughes (1998)
October 2001
Meteorological Data
Data obtained from research in the Meteorology department at
Reading includes:
•Palaeoclimate data
•Present climate data
•Global warming data - GCM
October 2001
Example of Modelling
Model of Leucaena leucocephala - for exploring:
- in which countries may further introductions be made?
- has the species become invasive by adapting to new niches?
- how will the distribution change under global warming scenarios?
October 2001
Hoarea
Ligularia s.s.
Otidia
Polyactium
A strict consensus of
1024 most parsimonious
trees for Pelargonium
Polyactium
BDWorld
a
b
Cortusina
Pelargonium &
Glaucophyllum
Campylia
International Collaboration with China 26/27 June 2002
The European Virtual
Biodiversity Laboratory
(EVBL)
Expression of Interest to the EC Framework 6,
7 June 2002
Frank Bisby & Wouter Los
Centre for Plant Diversity & Systematics
The University of Reading, UK
& Zoological Museum
University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
EVBL
Science & Policy Unit
Management
Unit
Virtual Biodiversity Laboratory
Eco - Bank
Species Bank
European Virtual Biodiversity Laboratory
(EVBL)
Lead site
The University of Reading, UK (contact: Frank Bisby)
- (Species 2000 europa*, Euro+Med, ILDIS LegumeWeb)
Core Consortium
University of Amsterdam (Zool. Mus. & Inf. Inst.), NL
Cardiff University, UK
New University of Lisbon, PT
National University of Ireland, Galway, IR
Russian Academy of Sciences, Bot. & Zool. Inst., RU
Max Planck Institut für Biogeochemie, Jena, DE
Botanischer Garten & Botanisches Museum, Berlin, DE
The Natural History Museum, London, UK
Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, DE
* EC projects presently under negotiation
- (ENBI*, Fauna Europaea, VL-Amsterdam)
- (BiodiversityWorld)
- (THINKcreative, VOmap, PRODNET)
- (ERMS/SMEBD, AlgaeBase)
- (Virtual Herbarium/Museum)
- (LPJ, BIOME4, ATEAM)
- (BioCASE)
- (WorldMap, ENHSIN, Lepidoptera Taxome)
- (FishBase)
International Collaboration with China 26/27 June 2002
Biodiversity Informatics
Frank A. Bisby
Centre for Plant Diversity & Systematics
School of Plant Sciences
The University of Reading
READING, RG6 6AS, UK.