OF
BESOUBCESOF
NATUBAL RESOURCES
THENATURAL
A PLAN
THE
PLAN FOR
FOBPROTECTING
PROTBCTING
SPILLSI
OIL SPILLS
FROMOIL
YAQUINA BAY,
BAY, OREGON
OBBGONFROM
Sutherland
Br uceSutherland
by:
b
y: G. Bruce
EnvironmentalQuality
Oregon
Department of Environmental
Oregon Department
QualitY
1982
August,
August,1982
Impact
Energy Impact
CoastalEnergy
theCoastal
provided by
by the
projeet was
The funding
for this project
wasprovided
The
funding for
as
Act
Management Act as
Zone Management
Coastai Zone
tire Coastal
308 of the
Program under
Seetion 308
under Section
and
Oceanieand
Management, National Oceanic
CoastalManagement,
of Coastal
administered by
by the Office
Office of
Administration
Atmospheric Administration
Atmospherie
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ind_eOted
to_Irving
Irving W.
W. Jones
Jones of
II am deeply indebted
to
of the
the Oregon
OregonDepartment
Department of Fish
Fish
"Jn_._9_"_9plV
and
Wildlife and to Randall
RandauW.
and
Wildlife
w: Smith
Smith of the United
United States
StatesFish
Fisnand
rVildlife
anoWildlife
Service for
the technical
technical help
help and
provided in
andmoral
Service
for the
moral support
support they
they provided
in the
the
preparation of
of this
preparation
this document.
document. In
the ODFW
bDFW proviOeO
In addition the
provided aa boat and
and
equipment for field
field surveys
surveysand
provided an
equipment
USFWS
provided
andthe
the
USFWS
pilot
ai airplane
airplane and
and pilot
for aerial
aerialreconnaissance.
reconnaissanee. Without
Without the
the help of these
thesetwo
two individuals
individualsand
and
the cooperation
eooperation of
respeetive agencies,
of their respective
ageneies, this
this report would
would never
never have
have
b
e e n completed.
c o mp l e te d .
been
Thanks also
Thanks
also goes
goes to Jon
JonChristenson
Christensonwhose stellar
madethis
this study
stellar efforts made
study
pos.stple_,
to Van
VanKollias
Kollias and
andTom
Tom Bispham
Bispham who provided important
possible, to
important support,
supportl
and to Dr.
Dr. Robert
RobertHolton,
Holton,Ed
and
EdQuan,
and Olga
Olga Sutherland
S^utherland
Quan, and
reviewed the
who reviewed
the
providedvaluable
andprovided
draft and
valuablecomments.
eomments.
l11
t
a
TABLE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS
I.
I.
II.
II.
III.
III.
S
IV.
IV.
V.
V.
Introduction ..........................
Page
Page
. . Usage ...........
Chart Usage
Natural
Resource
and Protection
chart
Natural Resource
and Protection
22
Introduet ion
P ri o ri ti e s
ResourcePriorities
.......................
Re so u re e
ProtectionMeasures
.......................
Proteetion Measures
.
Response
Physical
Factors
Affecting
theSpill
Oil Spill
Response
Affecting
the Oil
Physical Factors
A.- Tidal Action . .
A.
River Florrrs
B.
Wind Patterns
C.
C.
. .
D.
D.
Air & Water Tcrperatures .
. .
E.. P r o p e r t i e s o f O i I
E
........
TidalAction
........................
RiverFlows
Wind Patterns........................
.......................
Air&WaterTenperatures
..................
Properties of Oil .....................
\TI.
vI.
VII.
V
II.
VIII.
vIII.
Recovery ............................
Cleanupandflaioval
.......................
Cleanup and Rernrval .
The Inpacts of Oil on the Yaquina Bay Estuary ..........
The Inpacts of Oil on the YaquinaBay Estuary .
A.
A.
B.
B.
The
Inpacts
on Living
OrganisrsOrganisms ..............
The Inpacts
on Living
GeneralEffects
.....................
l.
Cieneral
Effeets .
1.
Specific
Populations
Populations
............
E ffe cts o n on
Specific
2.
2 . Effects
Ef fects of
Significance
of Virrious
Variousllabitats,
Habitats, the
Simif
ieance of
C.
c.
2.
2.
3.
4.
5.
XIV
xIV.
.
p
.
xv.
XV.
AreheoloEieal Sites
Center
OreEonSiate Lhriversitv l\rlarineScience Cent
l\tlarinas. .
Water Intakes
Recreation
Iog Storage
44
5
5
77
7
7
11
t1
12
t2
13
l3
13
13
15
15
15
15
16
l6
16
l6
16
l6
17
t7
19
l9
20
20
21l
2
22
22
233
2
233
2
24
24
24
24
24
24
255
2
25
25
255
2
26
26
26
26
Potential for Spills
A.
A. R o a dS p i l tb
B.
B. S h i p p i i rgS p i l Is
C.
C. Spill Sites
27
2T
27
27
27
27
28
28
Available
Equipmsnt
and. Expertise ..............
Available Oil Oil
Equipnent
and Bxpertise
28
28
28
28
29
29
29
29
Equiçz'rnt
..........................
Expertise
.........................
OtherResources .....................
Data Needs ...........................
A..
A.
B.
C.
C.
B.
.
ShelteredRockyShores
................
Silt
and
Sand
Beaches
.................
cenWaters
Waters
......................
.
NaturalAreas
.....................
Archeological
Sites
..................
Oregon
State
University
Marine
Science
Center .....
State
[hriversity
$regon
iViarinas
........................
Water
Intakes
.....................
Recreat
ion
......................
Log Storage ......................
Potential
for Spills
......................
Ioad
Spills
.........................
ShippinSpil1s
......................
Spill Sites ........................
77..
xXII .
XII.
xII.
XIII.
XIII.
Tidal Flats
Shores
Sheltered Rocky Shore
Silt and Sand Beaehes
Other Resources Inpacted by Oil ..............
66..
X.
Tidal lMarshes
TidalMarshes
.....................
TidalFiats
......................
Qpen
Other Resources Inpacted by Oi I
1.
l.
Natural Areas
2.
2.
3.
q.
4.
4.
5.
5.
IX.
IX.
Effects of
Measures
Oil
UponThenr
Thffn
and Possible
Cleanup
Measures ........
Cleanup
OiI lpon
and Possible
1.
l.
I
. .
Reeovery
1
Equigrent
E xp e rti se
Other Resourees
. .
Data Needs .
29
29
Sunrary and Conelus ions
SuinryandConclusions
.....................
30
30
Reccnnendations
31l
3
References
32
32
Appendiees .
Available Oil Spill
Ql inatological Da-ta
37
37
37
3?
40
40
Reccnnndations .........................
References ...........................
'nirponti
Appendices
...........................
Coast.
Available Oil Spill Response Equipmsnt
the Oregon Coast
in'tne'oieion
squiilni on
A.
A-.B.
E.
C.
C.
D.
D.
E.
E.
ClinEtologicalData
....................
NaturalResourceMaps
...................
Natural
REsourcelVhps
VulnerableResourceMaps
..................
Vulnerable ResourceiVlaps
ResourceProtectionMaps
..................
ResoureeProteetion lVlaps
t'
iii
Itt
44
44
50
50
57
57
I.
I.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
appr95iT""t"Jl
Oregonfoalir
ttreOregon
YaquinaBay
Baylies
liesininthe
the mid-eoast
mid-coast region of
of the
coast, approximately
tne
north
and
about
216
miles
north of
of the
miles
216
about
and
River
Columbia
the
125
miles iouth
south of the Columbia River
l2b
-Caf miles
zonet
the coastal
eoastalzone,
in the
is the
estuary in
largest estuary
the fourth
f ourth largest
It is
iiornia border.
California
1,353acres
Wetlands encompass
acres of
eicompass1,353
mean high
covering 3,9I0
3,910aeres
acres at
at mean
high tide. !et^!a1ds
of tidal
aeres of
819 acres
and819
flats and
mud flats
of mud
aere"s of
inetuOing 534 acres
ar?a,' including
this
inis area,
very
is very
bay is
shallows, the bay
of shallows,
amount of
extensiveamount
of the extensive
Beeause6f
marshes. Because
marshes.
production and
and
primary production
role in primary
playing aa vital
vital role
important
biologieally, playing
important biologically,
areas
nesting
habitats,
and
nesting
areas
and
g-rounOs,
eritieal
providing nurr".f"r,
nurseries, 5re"-ding
breeding
providing
- grounds, critical
salmon
migratorysalmon
substantialmigratory
has aasubstantial
Ia also
also has
?or numerous
num-erous
for
organisms.
organisms. It
numerous
for
resting
area
for
numerous
area
resting
and
over
stop over and
important stop
population
and iJis an important
population and
m i g r ato ry waterfowl.
w a te rfo w l .
migratory
major
it one
one of the major
made it
have made
Bay area
The natural
natural amenities
area have
YaquinaBay
theYaquina
of the
amenitiesof
sights"glngt
as
Activities
such
as
sightseeing,
such
Aetivities
oo"it.
the Oregon
Orei;on coast.
recreational eenters
centers of the
recreational
pienicking,
pleasureboating,
boating, camping,
clammiig, pleasure
lithing, clamming,
shore and boat fishing,
-eamping,picnicking,
the
As
a
rresult,
esult' the
a
extremely
popular.
extr
e*gly.popular
..
b i a e h eomUingnature
a n dbeachcombing
arear e
vi e w i n g , and
n
a t u r e viewing,
3l
Newport
are all
at Newport are
developed
state parfcs
parks and
and exteniive
extensive tourist
tourist facilities
facilities at
OevelopeOsta"t'e
months'
summer
heavily
used partieularly
particularly in the
the summer months.
heavily used
the
settlers to the
explorers.and
early explorers
These same natural resources
attracted early
and settlers
resources attracted
important
an
important
into
int-o
development
development
its
in
resulted
eventually-T oresulted
and eventuatly
area and
area
day
comm er ei al
lar ge commercial
har bor sa large
Newpor tharbors
the city of
of Newport
e o m me re i a lecenter.
e n te r. Today the
commercial
the
at
whereas,
Toledo,
at the
Tol-edo,
piantsr
wherea'c,
prodessing
iisn processing plants,
,"u"rat fish
fishing fleet
fleet and several
fishing
Yaquina
Bay
Yaquina-.Bay
"nd
produets
indust-ry.
forestproducts industry.
targeforest
supportsaa large
head
of the
treaO6f
the bay,
bay,- supports
aquaeulture
salmonaquaculture
industry and
and aa salmon
oy-ster induitry
eommereial oyster
sustains aa commercial
also sustains
also
industry.
industry.
it isis also
also
usage_r.
reereationalusage,
Baytscommercial
eommercial and recreational
In addition to Yaquina
In
YaquinaBay's
complex
complex
This
Center.
Science
Center.
Marine Seience
iniversity's Marine
St"t" University's
the site
site of
ofOregon
OregonState
the
faeilities for
researeh facilities
oceanographie research
proviOes extensive
and oceanographic
coastal and
exteniive eoastal
provides
students.
and students.
scientistsand
universityscientists
federal,
state,and
anduniversity
lederal, state,
imagine
for us
usto
toimagine
is not
diffieult for
not too
too difficult
generalbackground,
background, it is
Given this general
incident
pollution
spill
or
similar
pollution
incident
similar
or
oil
the
consequeneesaa large oil
disastrousconsequences
the disastrous
related
resouree related
and resource
resources and
natural iesourees
the sensitive
sensitive n6tural
have on
on the'
could have
could
sueh
disasters
such
disasters
spill
yaquina
Names
associated
with
oil
spill
associated with
Bay.
industries
of Yaquina Bay.
industries of
scenes of dead
dead
MERCHANTbring
ARGOMERCHANT
as the
and the ARGO
bring to mind seenes
AMOCOCADIZ
CAOTZandthe
as
theAMOCO
Oregonians
to
most
Oregonians
most
abhor-rent
all abhorrent
fish,
oiied birds, all
anOoiled
ieacnes, and
devastatedbeaches,
fish, devastated
envir onm ent.
p ri d e in their
natur alenvironment.
a rti e u l a r pride
their natural
who
take
w h o ' ta
ke pparticular
have
traffie have
limited oil
oil tanker traffic
and limited
goodluck
luek and
of good
To
eombinationof
To date,
date, aacombination
been
of
course,
been
eourse,
have,
There have,
spared
environmentior
forthe
themost
mostpart.
part. There
JpareOOregon's
Oregontsenvironment
the
incidents,
documented incidents, the
of the documented
disasters. Of
maior disasters.
no major
many oit
oil spitts,
spills, but
but no
oeeurred
whieh occurred
sp-illwhich
MARU oil spill
gallon
TOYOTAMARU
most
gallon
TOYOTA
26,000
mos[ extensive
extentivewas
wasthe
the26,000
limited
the
spill
caused
limited
caused
spitt
the
Fortunately,
Fortunately,
in
19?8:River
on the
Columbia
River
in
1978.
Columbia
the
of
state
of
the
state
of
attention of the
thl attention
foc-us
-oui
the
did, however,
Iowever, focus
It did,
apparent
apparent damage.
Oamage. It
such
natural
resources
to
such
resources
natural
Oregon
on the extreme
irufneraOifify-of our
extreme vulnerability
O";!il--d-IhA
in
to be
be protected in
are to
areas are
sensitive areas
that ifif sensitive
clear that
It was
was clear
ineidents. It
incidents.
spill
the
occurrence
of
a
spill
of
oecurrenc-e
prior
the
to
tormuf"i"O prior to
the future,
ptansmust
be formulated
must be
f uture, plans
the
Department of
OregonDepartment
the Oregon
consequence
r the
rather than during
or aft"r.
after. As a consequence,
duri-ngor
rather
G0781
GO78l
-1 -1
4
Environmental
sought and
Environmental Quality
Quality sought
and obtained federal funding
funding to
to develop
develop aa
proteetion
resource
protection
plan
for
the
Columbia
River.
the
Columbia
River.
plin
entiged,'An
The
plan
entitled,
An
l99ogr9e
Oil Spill
Oil
Spill Protection
Protection plan
Plan for
for the Natural Resources
Resourcesof the
theLower
LowerColumbia
ColumbE
anq Willamette
wuramef te Rivers,
and
Bivers, was
was completed
completed in
in 1979.
1929. It
, identified sensitive
ffiggested
natural resources and suggested suitable
suftable protection
protection methods.
me t h o d s .
The sueeess
judged by
success of
of that document,
document, as
as judged
by its
its favorable reeeption,
reception, led the
the
State
to seek
seekfurther
further funding
State to
to
funding
to
iimitar
do
similar
studies
for
the
Oregon
coast.
the
Oregon eoast.
-highly
Althougtt the
yiquina Bay
eoast is
is highly vulnerable,
Although
the entire
entire coast
vulnerable, Coos
Coos Bay
Bay and
andYaquina
Bay
were
singled or1t
protection plans
f9. protection
ptals because
were singled
out for
beeausethey
they are
ari significant
signifielnt deep
oeei
ports and,
and, therefore,
morClikely
water
more
likely totohave
haveshipping
inipping ielated
spills'.
related
spills.
lY-qterports
-therefore,
Ultimately,. itit is
is hoped
Ultimately,
hoped that
proteetion plans will
that protection
will be
be-d"uEtoped
developed for
for the
entire coastal
eoastal area.
presentstudy
The present
studyof
The
ofYaquina
YaquinaBay
Bay is thus an extension
extension of
of the earlier
earlier work
work
done
the Columbia
Columbia River system.
done on the
system. As
previous wort<,
with
the previous
As
with
work,
the
tne major
major
premise is that any
premise
any oil discharged
discharged into the
the marine
marine or fresh
fresh water
water
environment would
environment
wouldinevitably
inevitablyaffec-t
affect both natural
natural and manmade
manmaderesources.
resourees.
Consequently, the
rapidity and
Consequently,
the rapidity
and effectiveness
effectiveness of
of the
the oil
oil spill
spill response
responseis
is
of_prime
importaneein
of prime importance
in avoiding
potentially serious
avbiding potentially
seriousdamage.
oamagei- The fcey
to aa
key
r a s t response
r e s p o n s e is
fast
i s ccontingency
o n t i r g e n e y planning
p l a n n i n g which
w h i e h includes
i n c l u d e s notification
notif ication
pro.eeduresr
delegation of authority,
persdnneland
authority,
procedures, delegation
and equipment
equipmentdeployment,
tleploymenll
- personnel
and prior identification
and
identifieation of all potentially
poientially affected
affeefeo resources.
resourees.
As
As
suggested earlier,
latter component
eomponent is
suggested
earlier, the latter
is often
6ften left
left out of
of contingency
eontingeney
plans and,
the major
major thrust
plans
and, therefore, the
thiust of
of this study
study is to:
to:
l.
1.
Identify and
priority all
by priority
Identify
and rank by
allvulnerable
vulnerable resources
resourees in
the
in the
2.
2.
Designate
Designate speeifie
specific areas
proteetion and determine
areas for protection
determine how
how
physieal
physical processes
processes will
will effeet
effect their vulnerability,
vulnerability,
3.
3.
suggest
Suggest suitable
suitable protective
protective and
andcleanup
eleanupresponse
responsemeasures,
measures,
4.
4.
Map resource
resource locations,
locations, boom sites,
sites, containment
eontainmentareas,
areas, and
and access
aeeess
points,
points,
5.
suggest data
needsand
Suggest
data needs
and technical
teehniealimprovements,
improvements, and
and
6.
Supplement
Supplement present
present oil
oil spill contingency
plans.
contingeneyplans.
stu
d y aarea,
study
re a ,
.
The following
The
following narrative details
detailshow
how to use
use the
thedeveloped
developednatural
natural resource
resouree
ch?-tt
proteetion chart,
and^protection
chart and
ehart, deseribes
describes the
reasons-'for
the reasons
for ttriJ
this
approach,
approaelr,
outlines faetors
outlines
factors that will effect
effeet the resource
proteetion effort,
resouree protection
eff6rt, and
relates
how
oil will
will affect
relates how oil
affeet the
thevarious
variousnatural
natural and
"nd
and manmade
manmadecomponents
of
compone'nts
oi
YaquinaBay.
Yaquina
Bay.
II.
U.
NATURAL RESOURCE
RElOg&qE AND PROTECTION
PROTECTIONCHART
CHARTUSAGE
USAGE
Extensive mapping
Extensive
mappingofof the
the natural
natural resources
resoureesof
of Yaquina
YaquinaBay
Bay was
was completed
completed
during the
development of the
during
the development
theYaguina
Yaqui4+ Bay Natural
Resouree
l{rventory
Resource
Inventory
in
in
ltlatural
1977 by
Wilsey and Ham.
1977
by Wilsey
Ham.
Keproductrons
Reproductionsofof these
these maps are included
ineluded in
in
GO781
GO?8l
- 2-2-
$
relatlT:lil_l;-- IA
organism relationships.
andorganism
sitesand
specific sites
Appendix
for reference
reference to specific
Appendix CC for
oI
complexrty of
the
extreme
is
the
extreme
complexity
ismapping
such
witli such mapping
major
assoeiatedwith
diffieulty associated
m-alordiffIculty
To
To
areas.
areas.
flat
the
tide
the
in
particularly
eommunity, particularly -in
the biological
biological
-such community,
detailed maps
highly detailed
qlpl
irwolves-either highly
represent
comptexitf accurately involves
represent such complexity
suited
"eiutately^
for
obvious
reasons,
is
suited
reasons,
obvious
wnien,
6f
mapi,
neitherof which,
or a large
o? maps, neither
number of
or-a
large number
map
resoureemap
generalresource
As aa result, aageneral
responJesituation. As
to an
an emergency
emergeneyresponse
is
ineluded
This
chart
is
included
ehart
team.
respons_e
spill
was
developed
for
use
by
the
spill
response
the
*"t- O"u"fop""Ofor uie
Proteetion
ResoureeProtection
with a Resource
along with
report along
tlie report
of the
poctiet at the
UadXof
in
the back
in the
the pocket
Chart.
Chart.
as
areasas
Yaquina Bay shows
The Resource
of Yaquina
shows three^generalized.sensitive
three generalized sensitive areas
Map of
ResourceMap
shellfish
eategories,
The
first
two
categories,
shellfish
two
first
patlerns.
different patterns.
indicated
by three different
indieated by
self-explanatory. The
fairly- self-explanatory...The
beds
fish spawningand
andnursery
nurseryareas,
areas, are fairly
5!Ar and fiin
those
catch-all for those
"nO
a
is
is
areas,
areas,
ndtural
ieant natural
significant
component, sifnif
third oorpon"ni,
-eontain
including
inglu{i1g
resourees
of
vulnerable
r
variety of vulnerable resources,
locations which
may
contain a variety
loeations
wnien may
-beds,
juvenile fish
ftsh
organisms, juvenile
benthie organisms,
bebs, benthic
grassbeds, shellfish
shellfish beds,
marshes,
marshesr eel grass
of
other
host
and
a
host
of
other
aand
areas,
f
eeding
resting and feeding areas, wa[er]owt reiting
iiirrllriei,
nurseries, waterfowl
overlap'
do overlap.
and do
can and
eategoriescan
biological entities.
entities. The three categories
biologicai
be
ean be
so they can
nunqberso
by number
identified by
areidentified
All
areasare
All the significant
significant natural areas
frranmade
Likewise,
all
manmade
all
lifefrBe
ttiJ-ctrlrt."
,
i"p
;f
referenced
to the
the table
table at
at the top of the chart.
ref ereneed to
marinas, and
boomsr,marinas-r
log booms,
suchas
aslog
oil such
by oil
structures
whieh could be affected by
struetures which
$-nd
the
a l l the
l
i
s t s all
The
table
lists
t
a
b
l
e
T
h
e
I
e
t
t
e
r
s
.
b -Viffia
y letters.-ay
i d e n t i f i e d by
water
are
r e identified
intakes a
w
a t e r intakes
by
distribution
by
distribution
their
and
potentially sensitive
their
of Yaquina Bay
resourees of
sensitive resources
fJtlntiafiy
resource
a
t
of
The
importance
of
particular
resource,
importanee
river
number, and letter.
letter.
mile, number,
river mile,
by
the
is
indicated
by
the
indicated
sensitivity,
juOgeO'Uy
and
eoneentrationand
as
by organism
organismconcentration
ai judged
largest
lower bay
bay contains the largest
the lower
can been seen,
seenr the
As ean
dot. As
size
of the
size of
the dot.
susceptibleitems.
concentration
concentration of susceptible
first one
one
There are
are two
onthe
the right
right hand
hand side
side of
of the
the table. The first
two columns
eolumns on
for
priority
its
and
resource and
sensitivity of aa resouree
the seasonal
seasonal sensitivity
indieates
indicates the
particular
second recommen-ds
recommendsstrategy
strategy for
for proteeling
protecting that -partig.ular
proteetion.
protection. The second
these
Sections ttl
III and
and IV
IV frovide
providedetails
details as to how these
organism or
or structure.
structure. Seetions
d e te rmi n e d .
criteria
w e re determined.
c r i t e r ia were
diversion
indicated boom
sitesr- possible
boom sites,
Map are
are indicated
Protection Map
On
the Protection
Pgssible diversion
On the
tide
of tide
and
the
location
of
location
theareasr and
aecessareas,
road access
locations,
boat
launches, road
boat launches,
loeations,
'ine
the
key
key
to
referenced to
numbers, letters,
letters, and
can be referenced
symbols.ean
andsymbols
gates. The numbers,
gates.
point
point
eaeh
contains
information
about
each
which coitait s information
ehartwhich
at
ofofthe
thechart
top
-iength
the top
it the
boat
sjze of boat
the size
and the
currents, and
of boom
needed, tidal
tidal currents,
boom needed,
such
as, length of
suetr as,
is
contained
contained
measures
proteetiori
the protection measures
deseription of the
OitaiteA description
A detailed
ramps. A
ramps.
in Section
IV.
SeetionIV.
The on-scene
on-seene
plan.
proteetion plan.
theprotection
of the
The two
two eharts
charts are
are the
heart of
the heart
The
obtain a
and
quickly
obtain
quiekly
them and
look at them
coordinator
(OSC) should
shouldbebeable
able to
to look
coordinator (osc)
Numerous
Numerous
employ..
to employ.
needto
will need
hewill
measureshe
general idea as to the
ofmeasures
the type
typeof
tidest
winds,
winds, tides,
like:
comprising
like:
variables
eomprising
consii6red,
factors
must
be
considered,
be
must
factors
conditions,
weather gondi ti ons ,
spilled, weathel,
am ount .spilled,
oil, amount
of oil,
typ e of'
sp i l l , type
i o o "i i on of
o f spill,
location
goes on.
on'
and the
the list
list goes
equipment and
cl'ean-up equipment
and clean-up
availability of'pr6teeiion
of protection and
problems
so
that
so
these.
"""ii"Oifitydealwith
with these
to deal
attempt to
The
rest of
report will
will attempt
rest
6t the
tne-report
ihe
possible'
as possible.
expediently as
as expediently
appropriate decisions
can be made
made as
deeisions ean
appropriate
4
G0781
GO?8I
--33-
4
M.
HI.
RESOURCE
PRIORITIES
RESOURCE PRIORITIES
methodsemployed
The methods
employed to
determine^the importance
importanee and the
to determine
proteetion
the protection
priority
of aa,resouree
resource were
were adopted
gl9,ltly_of
adoptedfrom
from guidelines
set
fortfL
Uy the
ttre U.S.
guidelines
set
forth
by
U.S.
Envlronmental Protection
Environmental
Proteetion Agency
Agency- anipublieation,
publication, Handbook
Handbook for Oil Spill
Soill
P
r o t e e ti o n Clean-up
C l e a n -u p Priorities
P ri o ri ti es
Protection
by the
theOceanographic
b""
and by
Institute of
Washington's document entitled,
d, An
ivaluation of Oil Spill
An Evaluation
Spill Clean-i,p
Clean-up
Capabilities in the Columbia River Basin System.
The important potentially
potentially sensitive areas
The
areasof
of Yaquina
YaquinaBay
Bay can
ean be
be divided
divided
into
general
into five general categories:
eategories:
l'
1.
Natural
eeosystems,which
Natural ecosystems,
whiehincludes:
ineludes:critical
critieal habitats,
habitats,endangered
endangered
species,
reproductiveand
and rearing
rearinggrounds,
grounds,wildlife
species, reproductive
wildlife concentration
concentiation
a re a s, salt
sa l t marshes,
ma rsh esrand
areas,
andmud
mud flats.
22.
Resource management
whieh includes: aquaculture sites,
Resource
managementareas,
areas, which
sites,
w i l d l i . fe refuges,
r - e fu g b s , historical
wildlife
h i s t o r i c a l locations,
l o c a t i o n s , and
and L
t " " , used
areas
u s e d for
f or
edueational
purposes.
educational purposes.
l'3.
Consumptive
usagewhich
Consumptive water
water usage
whieh would include:
inelude: industrial
industrial process
process
fish rearing
rearingsupplies,
and cooling water, fish
supplies,and
andaquarium
aquarium usage.
usage.
4.
Recreational areas,
Recreational
areas, which
whieh include:
include:
parks, boat launches,
parks,
launehes,
beaehesr diving
diving areas,
areas, boating
beaches,
boating areas,
anO
fisning and
anOhunting
nunting
areas,
and
fishing
sites
sites.
5'
5.
dependentindustrial
Water dependent
industrial and commercial
eommercial sites such
sueh as:
ass log
log
storage,
wastedisposal,
disposal,marinas,
storage, waste
marinas,commercial
commereialfishing
fishing areas
areas and
ant
beaehfront properties.
properties.
beachfront
The overall
overall sensitivity of
The
of an
area to
to oil
oilcontamination
eontaminationis
an area
is based
basedon
on four
four
-(ii
complex and
an9 . interrelated
interrelated factors:
(l)
factors:
environmental-ecoiogioar, (2)
(1) environmental-ecological,
a e s t h e t i e s(3)
,( B )economic,
e e o n o m i c and
,a n d (4)
( 4 ) social.
aesthetics,
social..
An area which is
An
is important
important for
for all four
four reasons
reasonswould
would obviously
obviouslyhave
have aa high
high
priority.
priority.
speaking,ecologically
Generally speaking,
ecologieally or environmentally
environmentaliy important
important
areas need
need the
the highest
highestprotection
protection priority
areas
priority because
because they have no
nb ability
aUirity to
p r o t e e t themselves,
th e mse l ve s, may
protect
ma y b
e
impaeteo
f6r aa long
longtime
be impacted for
per iod, and
tim! period,,
andsince
sinee
eleanup is usually
usually not
cleanup
not feasible
feasible or desirable.
desirable. Recreational
Relreatiorial facilities
faeilities
such
sueh
parkswhich
as parks
which could
eouldprobably
cleaned^
up
be
cleaned
up
after
a
spill
after
a
spill
given
are
given
aa
.probably
p_li_ojil{; Industrial
lesser
priority.
Industrial
or
eommercial
or
commercial
facilities
rac'nilies
giiiir--irre
u'oii,uv
are
usually
given
the
l::.:::.
r o w e s t protection
p ro te cti o npriority
p ri o ri ty because
lowest
"r"resources.
b e eausethey are
ar e not
not natural
natur al
r esour cei.
using the
Using
the above rational, the
thefollowing
following priority scheme
proposed:
sehemeis
is proposed:
-Priority 1I --
G0781
GO78l
critieal habitats
habitats important
important for the
Critical
preservation of
the preservation
of a
sp
e e i e s.
species.
Endangered
Endangered species
species as
as identified by
by the
the Endangered
Bndangered
Species
Species
Aet.
Act.
Reproduction
Reproduction and rearing
rearing areas
areas for
f or all
all organisms.
organisms.
-4-4--
Priority 2
Priority
2 ---
and feeding
feeding
resting and
Wildlifeconeentration
concentration areas
areas sueh
such as resting
Wildlife
sites.
sites.
Priority 33 --
fish
suehas
as fish
Private/governmental
aquaculture faeitities
facilities such
Private/governmentalaquaeulture
stations.
hatcheries
researehstations.
hateheriesand research
Priority
Priority 44 --Priority 55 --
Reereation faeilities
Recreation
facilities
'-Msrinas.
-Marinas.
such as parks.
storage.
Water dependent
dependent industries
industries sueh
such as log storage.
or
e o l l e e t i v e or
e i t h e r aa collective
Certain
o n either
s c h e m e on
t h i s scheme
c o u l d aalter
l t e r this
C e r t a i n ffactors
a e t o r s could
resouree
e f f e e t resource
iindividual
n d i v i d u a l basis.
c o u l d effect
For
F
o r example,
s e a s o n a l i t y could
basis.
e x a m p l e , seasonality
rating
priority two
two rating
A
area could
have aa priority
could have
A fish
fish concentration
eoneentration area
the
not threaten
threaten the
during the
oil would
would not
during
the fall
months because
because oil
fall and
and winter
winter months
first
have aa first
could have
same area,
area, however,
however, could
The same
species. The
of the species.
existence of
deseriptive
On the descriptive
priority rating
in spring.
spring. On
seasonin
priority
rating during
during the
spawningseason
thespawning
on aa
prioritized on
areprioritized
resoureesare
chart,resources
resoureechart,
topofolthe
theresource
chart
ehart at the
the top
priority.
seasonalbasis.
basis.
seasonal
which would
would alter
faetors which
There may also be overriding
and safety
safety factors
alter
overriding economic
eeonomicand
life would
would
human life
thieatens human
An event
which threatens
event which
priority strueture.
structure. An
the prioiity
the
might
spill which
which-might
Similarly,
Similarly, a spill
certainly override
faetors.
override ecological
ecological factors.
certainly
of
Decisions
priorities.
Deeisionsof
economicallyeripple
cripplean
an area
area could
eould change the priorities.
economieally
basis.
this nature
nature would
ease-by-casebasis.
would have to
made on a case-by-case
to be made
IV.
ry.
PROTECTION
MEASURES
MEASURES
PROTECTION
prevention.
The first
Properly
The
Properly
f irst line of
spills is prevention.
of defense
defense against
against oil spills
inspection
inspeetion
rigorous
systems, rigorous
maintained equipment,
equipment, adequate
adequate cleanup systems,
programs for ships,
and
faeilities and
oil handling
handling facilities
ships, oil transport vehicles,
vehicles, oil
oil
handle oil
who handle
programsfor
individualswho
industries, and
for individuals
industries,
training programs
and thorough
thoroughtraining
products
prevention of
oil spills.
spills.of oil
products all
all make
to the prevention
make essential
essential contributions
eontributions to
estimated
hasbeen
beenestimated
measures,itit has
In
thesemeasures,
In spite of the
toimplement
implementthese
the efforts
efforts to
to
percent of
attributable to
that
indireetly attributable
75 percent
directly or
or indirectly
that 75
of all
all spills
spilts are directly
the
of
for
Equipment
failure
or
malfunction
accounts
for
most
of
the
iailure or malfunetion accounts
error. Equipment
human erior.
the
percent. The
The obvious
obviousimplication
implicationofofthis
thisisis that
that even
even ifif the
other
other 25
25 percent.
could
negligenee
or
from error
error or negligence could
technology
was perfect,
perfect, oil
resulting from
spills resulting
oil spills
teehnology was
of
movementof
weeonsider
considerthat,
that, the
themovement
still threaten
still
thrditen the
th-eenvironment.
environment. When
When we
15
to
l0
from
require
may
petroleum
from
the
oil
field
to
the
consumer
may
require
from
10
to
15
petroleum from the oil field to the eonsumer
it
becomes
modes,
transportation
transfers
and
as
many
as
6
different
transportation
modes,
it
becomes
transfers
many as 6 different
frequently.
readily apparent
oeeur so frequently.
apparent why
why spills occur
defense.
Protection
Protection measures
of defense.
seeond line of
important second
measures are
thus an important
are thus
endangered
or endangered
Sensitive environments,
environments, particularly those
which harbor rare or
those which
Sensitive
possible. Although
Although
organisms, must
must be
be proteeted
protected from
from oil
oil spills
spills ifif at all
all possible.
are
numbersare
if its
itsnumbers
reeoverif
not recover
nature is remarkably
flexible, aa species
may not
speeiesmay
remarkabty flexible,
nature
g r e a t l y reduced.
greatly
re d u ce d .
andmost
mostdesirable
desirableproteetion
protection measure
measure isis containment
containment of
of the
the oil
oil
The obvious and
oil,
flow
of
eliminating
the
flow
of
the
area, eliminating
site by
at the
isolating the area,
the spill
spill site
by isolating
m os t
The most
l a ci n g bbarriers
p reventmovement
om the
and/or
placing
from
the site. The
movementaway fr
a rri e rs to prevent
a
nd/or p
G0781
GO78l
-5-5-
eommon containment
common
containmentdeviee
deviceisis the
the oil
oil boom,
boom, but
but other
methodsinclude
include
othermethods
Quick
and air barriers.
barriers.
sorbent barriers,
hosespray,
spray, and
barriers, air
water hose
air and
and water
Quiek
responseisis required
requiredtoto eontain
containaa spill
spill atat the spill
spill site. In most
most cases,
eases,
whieh
systemwhich
dynamieestuarine
some or
or most of the
into the
thedynamic
estuarinesystem
the oil
oil will
will escape
eseapeinto
makes proteetion
protection of
of the
the environment
environment the next
next response
responseaction.
action. This is
protection plan
plan becomes
useful.
where a natural
beeomesparticularly useful.
natural resource
resourceprotection
As mentionedabove,
above, three methods
used to
to proteet
protect sensitive
methodsare commonly
sensitive
eommonly used
areas:
areas:
1.
l.
Physieal deviees
Physical
devices sueh
such as a boom.
boom.
2.
2.
Sorbent
S
o rb e n tbbarriers.
a rri e rs.
3.
3.
D
i sp e rsa n ts.
Dispersants.
Booms can
Booms
canbe
beused
usedtoto seal
seal off
off a sensitive location by
by ereating
creating aa barrier
barrier to
in
harmful in
assumesthat
that the
the oil will
lessharmful
be less
This assumes
will be
surface
surface oil
movement. This
oil movement.
gnly
some other
other area.
area. The present day
day oil
oil boom,
however, isisusually
usuallyonly
boom, however,
two feet
effective
knot and
waves less than two
effeetive in currents
lessthan
and waves
eurrents of
of less
thanone
oneknot
high.
high. Whenthese
these eonditions
conditionsare
are exeeeded,
exceeded, the use
boom
useof
diversionaryboom
of aadiversionary
diversionary boom
boom is
only alternative.
alternative. The diversionary
or a series
seriesof
of booms
boomsmay
may be the only
usually deployed
usually
deployedatat some
someangle
angletoto the
the eurrent
current in aa diagonal,
or
diagonal, chevron
ehevron or
from aa
away from
method may
maybe
be used
used to
to divert
divert oil
oil away
cascading
easeadingpattern. This
This method
sensitive spot
sensitive
spot or
or to divert
divert oil
oil into
into aasuitable
suitablecontainment
eontainmentspot
spot where
where it
pieked up with sorbent
can be picked
skimmers.
sorbent materials
materialsor
or skimmers.
Dispersantswhieh
greatly increase
Dispersants
whicheause
causethe
thesurface
surface area
area of
of an
an oil
oil film
film to greatly
inerease
proteet shore
resoureest
aquatieresources,
may
be used to protect
may be
lines, reefs
reefsorornatural
naturalaquatic
shore lines,
such as fishing
f ishing banks or
or oyster beds.
applying a
beds. This is accomplished
accomplishedby
by applying
dispersant
on the
the slick
distant from
from the
the sensitive
area to
sensitive area
dispersant on
sliek sufficiently
suffieiently distant
avoid an
effect from
avoid
an effect
from either
either the
thedispersant
dispersantor
or aadispersed
dispersedemulsified
emulsified oil.
no
are no
Although
the technology of
of dispersants
dispersants has greatly improved
improved and they are
Although the
generally
longer as
longer
as toxie
toxic to aquatic
still generally
aquatie life
life as
as they
onee were,
were, they
they are
arestill
they once
be
rarely be
A dispersant
would rarely
A
dispersant would
only
useful in open ocean
only useful
ocean situations.
situations.
reeommendedfor
drive
recommended
for use in
in a confined
confined area
suehas
beeauseitit would
woulddrive
asaa bay
baybecause
area such
eomponents
the toxic
toxic components
the oil
oil onto
onto sensitive
sensitiveshoreline
shoreline areas
coneentratethe
areasand
and concentrate
off tthe
h e oil.
o
o i l . Other
otect areas
Oth e r ma
te ri a l swhich
from
materials
aree sometimes
used to
to pr
protect
whieh &r
sometimesused
ar easfrom
burning
floceulents, burning
the
sinking agents,
the effect
effeet of
of oil spills
spills include:
inelude: sinking
agents, flocculents,
agentsr and
and absorbent
agents,
absorbentmaterials.
materials. All
All of these
havelimited
limited application.
applieation.
thesehave
but
Sinking
agents have
have been
been sueeessfully
successfullyused
usedinin deep
deep water
water situations'
situations, but
Sinking agents
would
would rarely
rarely be useful
useful in
in an
an estuary
estuarywhere
wheresinking
sinking would
would blanket important
and
generally technologically
benthic
Burning
Burning agents
teehnologieally and
benthie habitat.
agents are
are generally
environmentally
environmentally unaeceptable.
unacceptable. For small spills
floeeulentsand
absorbents
spilts flocculents
andabsorbents
significant
materialscause
causesignificant
may
suchmaterials
may be very useful,
useful, but
but large
largevolumes
volumesof
of such
problems. The
retrieval and
materials
use of
of any
anddisposal
disposalproblems.
The use
abovematerials
any of
of the
the above
benefits
basisweighing
weighing the benefits
must be carefully
carefully considered
on aa case-by-case
case-by-easebasis
eonsideredon
possible harmful
against the possible
harmful effects.
of
of the confined
Beeauseof
effeets. Because
eonfined nature of
are
possiblyabsorbent
Bay, itit appears
absorbent materials
materials are
Yaquina Bay,
boomsand
appearsthat
that oil
oilbooms
andpossibly
proteetion devices.
only feasible
the only
feasible protection
deviees.
00781
GO?8l
-6-6-
With this
protection plan
With
this in
in mind, the
plan represented
the protection
presentsa
represented
-Yaquina on the chart presents
praetieal approach
approaeh to the
proteetionofofYaquina Bay's
practical
theprotection
Bay'snatural
natural resources.
resources.
C,onsideringthe
Considering
thefaet
fact that
that it is impossible
impossible to
to prediet
predict all
all situations,
situations, the
the
pla_n
represents
ideal situation
an ideal
plaeeswhere
situation by
indieating all
plan represents an
booming
byindicating
allplaces
wherebooming
proteetion are
and protection
are desired.
desired. In
probability, it
possible to
In all
all probability,
it will
witt not
not be
be possible
boom all
designatedsites
sitesand
anddecisions
all the designated
deeisionswill
haveto
will have
to be
madeaccording
bemade
according
to actual
aetual spill
spill conditions
eonditions as
to
as to
priority areas
to what
what priority
areas should
should or
or need to be
be
p r o t e e te d .
protected.
V.
v.
PHYSICAL
AFFECTING THE OIL
PHYSiCAL FACTORS AFFECTING
SP&L RESPONSE
OIL SPILL
RESPONSE
Oil
Oil movement and behavior
behavior in
in an estuary
estuary such
suchas
asYaquina
Yaquina Bay
Bay is controlled
by a complex
eomplex interaction
by
i n te ra e ti o n of
physieal processes
o f physical
processesincluding:
ineluding: tidal
tidal activity,
aetivity,
local
loeal winds,
winds, seasonal flows
flows of
of the Yaquina
Yaquina River
River and
and air
air and
and water
water
temperatures.
temperatures.
A.
Tidal Action
Aetion
under
Under most
most eireumstanees,
circumstances, the major
major proeesses
processes to be
be concerned
eoneerned
with are the
the tides
with
tideswhich
whichcause
eausesignificant
signifieant surface
surfaee currents
eurrents in
in
many places in
many
in the estuary.
estuary. The
The tides
tides are of
of the
mixed semithe mixed
semidiurnal
paired highs
diurnal type
type with
with paired
highs and
duration and
and lows
lows of
of unequal
unequalduration
and
amplitude.
a mp l i tu d e . The
T h e mean
ange at
mean tidal
tidal rrange
at Newpor
Newport
6.0 feet,
feet, the
t isis6.0
the
d
i u rn a l i is
s 77.9
.9 feet,
fe e t, and
diurnal
andthe
theextreme
extr eme is
is 11.5
ll.5 feet. The tidal
range increases
increasesupstream
upstream to Toledo
range
Toledo where the mean
mean range is 6.8
6.8
feet. The time difference
peak tides
differenee between
between peak
atNewport
Newportand
and
tides at
Toledo is
is about 50
50 minutes.
minutes. The
The head
head of
of tide
tide is
is at Elk
Etk City
city at
river
mile 26 and it
river mile
it has
hasabout
Newport.
about aa two
hour lag
lag time
time from
from Newport.
two hour
currents resulting
Currents
resulting from
from tidal action
aetion range
range from
per
from 4.0
4.0 feet per
seeondat
per second
entranee of the
second
at the entrance
the bay
bay to about
seeondat
about 0.5 feet per
Toledo.
Maximum ebb eurrent
Toledo. Maximum
current velocities
verocities are slightly
slighily greater than
than
flood eurrent
flood
current veloeities
velocities due
due to
to the effects
effects of
of river
rivei discharge.
diseharge.
The maximum veloeities
velocities oeeur
occur in
in the
the navigation
navigation ehannel
channel and in
in lhe
the
entraneesto
to the
thenumerous
numerous
entrances
sloughs
suchas
sloughssuch
ParkerSlough,
Slough,Johnson
Johnson
asParker
slough, and
and McCaffrey's
Slough,
Mecaf freyts Slough.
slough. Table
Table r1 details
detairs the
th; available
available
information
information on
on the
the tidal action
YaquinaBay.
action at
atYaquina
Bay.
G078l
GO?8r
-7-7-
Table
Table 1I
4
40 minutes.
minus 40
slaek: 6 hours plus or minus
Low Slack:
High
High slaek
Slack to Low
e t, diur
.0 fefeet,
nal ?.9
a n 66.0
Tide
Range:
Mean
diurnal
7.9 feet.
feet.
T
ide R
a n g e r Me
10 minutes
minutes after
after
plus or
or minus l0
minutes plus
Newport: 30 minutes
Time of
of Slack
Slaek Water at Newport:
Time
change.
tide change.
the tide
plus120
I20
Toledoand
andplus
atToledo
minutesat
Ptus 50
50 minutes
Loeational Time Differential: Plus
Locational
C i tY .
E l k City.
minutes
att Elk
m i n u t e sa
E s t . distance
distanee
VelocitY Est.
Maximum Current
Current Velocity
water
bY water
traveled
by
per
traveled
seeond
in feet per second
pareel
parcel
during
River
{uring 66
River
Loeation
Location
eyele
hour
tide
cycle
hour
tide
flood
flood tide
(Main
ebb tide
Mile
Mile
Channel
(Main Channel)
00
st.
3.9
est.
3
.9 e
4.1 e
st.
4.1
est.
miles
1 0 . 4miles
10.4
(a)
Bridg" (a)
Highway#101
Highway
#l0I Bridge
1.0
1.0
est.
3.6
3
. 6 est.
e s t.
3 . 2 est.
3.2
miles
8 . 8 miles
8.8
N e w p o rl (d )
Newport'
I1.5
.5
1.9
1.9
iles
4.8
4.8 m
miles
center(c)
Scieneecenter(c)
Marine
Marine Science
Yaquina(a)
Y a q u i ns(a )
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.1
4.3
4.3
st.
1.8
est.
1.8 e
est.
1.7
l . ? est.
miles
4 . 6 miles
4.6
2 1 (b )
B o u y 21(b)
Bouy
5
.0
5.0
2.3
2.3
1
.8
1.8
miles
5 . 4 miles
5.4
Bend(d)
sn 6 (d )
River
River 3
54
5.4
1.4
1.4
miles
3.6
3 . 6 miles
Entrano"(a)
Bay Entrance(a)
YaquinaBay
Yaquina
()
Poole's Slough
Poolers
Slougn(c)
(b)
Bouy 29 (b)
6.5
6.5
t1.7
.7
Bouy 29
7
.6
7.6
1.4
1.4
Nuters Slough(C)
Slougn(e )
Nut&s
9.8
9.8
1.3
1.3
(b)
Bouy
Bouy a5 (b)
11.0
11.0
1.1
1.1
Toledo(d)
1s1"6o(d)
Elk ct(d)
nu<
city(o)
miles
5 . 4 miles
5.4
miles
4.4
4 . 4 miles
1.0
1.0
miles
3.2
3 . 2 miles
miles
3.4
3 . 4 miles
0.8
0.8
2.6
miles
2 . 6 miles
13.0
l 3. 0
0.5
0.5
1.6
I .6 miles
m i l es
26.0
2 6.0
0.8
0.8
miles
2.2
2 . 2 miles
also
were also
number were
obviously limited
The
above measurements
which are
are obviously
limited in number
The above
measurements which
considerable variation
variation can
tius considerable
stages, thus
tide stages,
taken
at different
and tide
times and
different times
taken at
shows
h o w e v e r , shows
t r e n d , however,
o v e r a l l trend,
The
g i v e n time.
T
h e overall
time.
b
e expected
e x p e e t e d aat
be
t any
a n y given
Toledo.
proeeeds
upstream
one
decreasing
current
velocity
as
one
proceeds
upstream
to
veloeity
deereasing current
1981
Tables1981
Tidal Current
CurrentTables
(a) Tidal
( b ) After
1966
N e a l ,1966
(b)
A f t e r Neal,
( c ) Unpublished
l98l
D E Q '1981
D a t a ,DEQ,
U n p u b l i s h e dData,
(e)
( d ) After
l9?0
G o o d w i n '1970
(d)
A f t e r Goodwin,
G0781
GO?81
-8-8-
pareelcould
The estimated distance a water
water parcel
eouldmove
moveupstream
upstreamor
or
downstreamduring
downstream
duringthe
the time
time between slaek
slack waters, was
was calculated
ealeulated
from the
the following
following formula:
formula:
zVT
= .YI
horizontal
horizontal displacement
displacement=
ilTI
where:
where:
V =
maximum tidal
V
= maximum
tidal current
current in feet/second
feet/seeond
=
T
in hours
T = time in
hours from
from low
low slack
slaek to high
high slack tide
II =
= 3.14
3 .1 4
T h u s i if
f the
th e tidal
persecond
ti d a l velocity
Thus
is 3.0
veloeity is
3.0 feet
feet per
seeondand
and it
it iis
s 6o
hours between
between slack waters,
horizontal
waters, the
be: horizontal
thecalculation
ealeulationwould
wouldbe:
displaeement== 3.0 feet
persecond
feet per
displacement
secondXX 3600
3600seconds
seeondsper hour
hour X
X 66
h o u rs X
X 22 divided
ar e
d i vi d e d by
Ther e are
hours
X 5280 feet
feet per mile.
by 3.1416
3.1416X
m ile. There
obvious limitations
obvious
limitationstoto the
the use of this
First, since
this equation.
equation. First,
since
tidal current
tidal
eurrent velocity
veloeity decreases
computed travel
decreasesupstream,
upstream, the
the computed
distance
distance upstream
upstream will
will be more
more than
than the
theactual
aetualmovement.
movement.
Likewise, the
the estimated
less then
estimateddownstream
downstreammovement
movementwill
will be
be less
then the
a
ctu a l movement.
mo ve me n t.Second,
Seeond,
windis
actual
wind
and
isnot
notconsidered
eonsider ed
andmoderate
moder a teto
p r o n o u n e e d eeffect
s t r o n g winds
w i n d s ccould
strong
a very
o u l d hhave
ave a
f f e e t on
oil
v e r y pronounced
o n oil
movement. Third,
movement.
tidal currents
Third, the tidal
eurrentswill
will vary
daily according
varydaily
aecordingto
the
the tidal
tidal cycle.
cycle.
Nevertheless, the
will
Nevertheless,
the use
use of this
this equation
equation will
give the oil
oil spill
spill response
responsecoordinator
give
far
eoordinator a general idea of how
how far
upstream or downstream
upstream
downstreamoil may
between tide changes.
ehanges.
may move between
period between
The change in
in current velocity
velocity over
the six
over the
six hour
hourperiod
between
(Figure1)
plotted on
graph(Figure
curve
slack waters can
ean be plotted
this curve
on aa graph
I) and
and this
ean then
then be used
used to
to estimate
can
at aa
estimate the
the tidal
tidal current
eurrent velocity
velocity at
given
given point
point during
during the
the cycle.
For example, at one
cyele. For
onehour
hour before
before
slaek water,
water, the
percent of
and after
after slack
thecurrent
currentwill
will be
beabout
about50
of
50 percent
the maximum.
maximum. At
At two
the
before and
and after
after slack
two hours before
slaek water, the
will be about
pereent of
current will
about 90
90 percent
of the
themaximum
maximum velocity.
( F i g u r e 1),
On
O n this
g r a p h (Figure
t h i s same
s a m e graph
I), o
one
e a n also
n e can
a l s o determine
determine
approximately how
parcel of
approximately
howfar
far a parcel
of water
waterwill
willmove
moveduring
during a six
six
h o u r interval.
hour
i n te rva l . Thus,
T h us, with a maximum
m aximum cur
current
velocity qlof 3.2
3.2 feet
r ent veloeity
p€r second,
second,one
per
the
one can
eancalculate
caleulateusing
using
theequation
equationHD
Hp ==-2JT that
-be
]tne spill
the
horizontal displacement
displaeement will
the horizontal
will be 8.2
If
8.[ miles.
miles.
tf TIthe
occurred two
occurred
two hours
after slack
hours after
slaek water,
distanee itit moved
moved
water, the distance
(u si n g th
g.2 -- 2.0
g ra p h ) would
(using
thee graph)
would be 8.2
m iles. Obviously,
z.o or
or 6.2
6.2 miles.
obvious l y ,
these values
values are
upstream
these
are very
veryrough
roughsince
sincewind
windand
deereasingupstream
anddecreasing
current velocity are not
not considered.
eonsidered.
The
givenlocation
The strength
strength of
of the tidal
location will
will also
also
tidal currents
currents for
for aagiven
vary
aecording toto the
vary according
the height
height of
of the
the tide, with
spring tides
with spring
tides
greater currents
Figure
2
eausing
causing much
mueh greater
Figure 2
neap tides.
tides.
eurrents then neap
demonstrates the
type of
of variations
the type
variations in
in velocities
be
velocities which
whieh can
ean be
expected. The
difference between
betweenaa 10
10 foot
foot tide
tide and
and aa 4 foot
expected.
The differenee
foot
ti
d e can
ca n be
b e more
persecond
mo re than
tide
3.0feet
than 3.0
feetper
seeondand
m ean the
andcould
eould mean
the
d i ffe re n e e between
difference
b e tw e e n the success
suecessor failure
failur e of
of an
oil boom.
boom .
an oil
G0781
GO?81
-9-9-
Figure1:
Figure
l:
parcel of
distaneefor aa parcel
Current veloeities
velocities vs.
vs. travel distance
of water
water
Distance in
Distance
in Miles
Miles
3.5
zn
3.0
2
.5
2.5
ccurretit
urrent
velocity
velocity
ffeet/sec.
eet/sec.
2.0
a.v
11q.5
1l n .0
0.5
0
00 r 2 3 4 5
1
2
3
6
5
Hours from
from slaek
slack water
water
Figure2:
Figure
2: Variations of
ranges
of current
current veloeity
velocity relative
relative to selected
selectedtidal
tidal ranges
a
H w y. 101
1 0 1Bridge.
B ri d ge.
att Hwy.
'l
C ffoot
oot
10
foot
8 foot
foot
6 foot
5
/+ ffoot
oot
4
flood
...
.
,
IS. S
.
S
S
555
S
.
2
'.'
..1
a
S S
'S
d
7
'I
1
S..
9
10
ass'
S
S
.k foot ebb
ebb
55
5
S
1
S
I
5
6
Velocity,
Velocitv.
feet/se6'
feet/sec
GO?8l
G078l
-l 0-10-
S.
.
6 foot
5
S
.
S
Adapted from:
Tidal Current
Adapted
from: Tidal
Tables, !S1.
TE6]Ssl-T98r
,I
5
S
2z
3
Hours
Hours
11
Sfoot
S
1 O foot
10
foot
S
Using
prediction
Usingthe
thechart,
chart, the equation,
equation, and
and the graphs,
raphs, aa fair
fair prediction
made of
can be made
of how
how tides
tides will
effeetoil
movementsin
inYaquina
Yaquina
will effect
oflmovements
Bay.
Bay.
The response
response team
The
team should
should also
also be
be able
able to
to use
use this
information plus
information
plus the current
current measurements
measurementsat
boom
at the
thevarious
variousboom
sites
to determine
determinehow
how effective
effeetiveoil
sites to
oilboom
boomwill
will be
beand
andduring
during what
what
times it
times
it will
will be
be most
most efficient.
effieient. Considering that
that the strongest
strongest
boom will
boom
will lose
lose its
its effectiveness at
at currents
eurrents of over
per
over 1.5 feet per
seeond, it
graphthat
second,
it isis apparent
apparent from
from the
the first
first graph
thatwhen
whencurrents
eurrents
strong, the
periodof
theperiod
of effective
are strong,
ef feetiveusage
usagewill
will only
only be
be about
abouttwo
two
hours around eaeh
each tide change.
ehange. In an area
area with
with strong currents,
euments,
responseteam
teamwill
will have
the response
diversionary
havqtotoconsider
eonsider
diversionarybooming
booming or
so
me oother
some
th e r form
fo rm of response.
r esponse.
The
The tidal
tidal currents
eurrents of
of Yaquina
YaquinaBay
Bay will
wilt cause
eausesignificant
signifieant oil
spill
problems whieh
response problems
spill response
which will
will have
have to
to be
evaluated very
very
be evaluated
carefully
by the
the on-scene
on-seenecoordinator
carefully by
eoordinator on a case-by-case
ease-by-easebasis.
basis.
In some
some instances,
instances, the value
plaeing an
in
be
boom may
may be
value of
of placing
an oil
oil boom
negated by
amount of
by the
the amount
of time
time itit will
will be
effeetive and
be effective
and by
by the
the
fact that
that the
fact
theboom
boomwill
witl have
six hours.
have to
tobe
movedevery
hburs.
bemoved
every six
Difficult decisions
Difficult
deeisions will
have to be
will have
be made.
made. The information
information
provided here
provided
here isis meant
meant to help
faeilitate those
help facilitate
decisions,but
thosedecisions,
but
n o t make
m a k e them.
not
them.
B.
River
River Flows
Flows
If tidal and basin
basin characteristies
characteristics are ignored
ignored or
or considered
considered
constant,
eonstant, river
prineipal factor
river discharge
then be the
diseharge would
would then
faetor
the principal
affeeting the
the hydrographic
hydrographiesystem
affecting
systemof
YaquinaBay.
of Yaquina
Bay. During the
summer and
summer
and early
early fall, the volume
of the salt
intrusion
volume of
salt water
waterintrusion
(tidal
prism) substantially
substantially exceeds the
(tidal prism)
the volume
volume of
of fresh
fresh water
water
discharged in
t o tthe
Under
discharged
into
h e estuary
e s t u a r y from
f r o m the
t h e river.
river.
U
n d e r this
this
eondition'
forees mixing
mixing of
condition, tidal
tidal action forces
of the fresh and
and salt water
water
the extent
givencross
extent that
to the
thaton
onaagiven
seetionthrough
estuary,
crosssection
through the
the estuary,
the
salinity is essentially
essentially constant
the salinity
eonstant from
from top to
to bottom.
bottom. With
with
this flow
flow regime,
general slow
regime, there
this
there is aa general
slow net drift
drift of
of water
water
depthsmeasured
measuredat
outward at
at all depths
at about one-tenth
one-tenth of a knot.
knot. The
The
back and forth tidal
tidal motion
superimposedon this slow, outward
motionis
is superimposed
outward
drift.
d
rift.
During the
winter when
During
the winter
when river
river discharge
diseharge is
is high,
high, fresh water
water
flowing
flowing downstream
downstreampartialty
partially overrides
overrides the
the more
more dense
saline
dense saline
water forced inland by
water
by the tides.
tides. Although
Although salinity
salinityisis least
least at
greatest
the surface
surfaee due
due to the
the dilution
dilution from
from fresh water
water and
and is greatest
the bottom,
bottom, salinity
salinity changes
near the
ehangesin the
the vertical
vertieal direction
direction are
are
gradual. With
usually
usuqlly gradual.
With this
this regime,
regime, there
is upstream
there is
upstreammovement
movementof
water at the
saline water
the bottom
bottom with
with a superimposed
superimposedbaek
back and forth
movement and a downstream
tidal movement
movementatat the
the surfaee.
surface.
downstream movement
G078l
GO?81
--11-ll-
flow of the
the Yaquina
YaquinaRiver
going to
The flow
River is
is going
to influence
influeneeoil
oilmovement
movement
(EPA)
some extent.
Anequation
to some
extent. An
has
been
developed
by
Calloway
equationhas been developedby Calloway(EPA)
predict the
to predict
the extent
extent of
to
of salt
saltwater
waterintrusion
intrusion as aa function
function of
of
river discharge.
discharge. This equation
reads:
equationreads:
L
S=
LS
= 32.2
3 2 .2 _ 2.9 logQ
tog"e
where:
w
h e re :
LS == the salinity intrusion
intrusion in
in miles
miles
=
per second
second
Q
=
river
flow
in
cubic
meters
river flow in eubie metersper
a
The river
flow ranges
ranges from
The
river flow
in late
from 1.3 cubic
cubie meters per second
seeond in
prism
per second
summer to
to 87 cubic
eubic meters
meters per
secondin winter. The tidal prism
will
thus
range
from
will
range from 27
2l miles
miles upstream
upstreamduring
to 20
20
during low
low flows
flows to
miles upstream
river
miles
upstream during
during high
flows.
It is apparent
high flows.
apparent that river
flows will
flows
will not
not effect
effeet oil
greatly, but
oil movement
movement greatly,
high
but during
during high
winter
winter runoff
runoff there will
fresh water
dense salt
will be fresh
water overriding
overriding the dense
water and
and this
this will
water
will increase
inereasedownstream
downstreamoil
oil movement
rnovement in the
the
Yaquina River.
Yaquina
C.
lYind
Wind Patterns
Patterns
y a q u i n a Bay
g e n e r a l l y sheltered
T
h e generally
The
s h e l t e r e d nature
n a t u r e of
bee
o f Yaquina
B a y will
will b
In
advantageousfor
advantageous
for dealing
meehanisms. In
dealing with
with oil
oil spill
spill response
responsemechanisms.
the narrow
narrow upper
particularly, winds
upper bay particularly,
windswill
will be
factor.
be a minor
minor factor.
up or
On the
the broad
broad expanse
of the lower
expanseof
lower bay,
either up
bay, winds
windsblowing
blowing either
down
bay could
problemswith
eouldcause
down the bay
eauseproblems
with boom
boomdeployment
and
deploymentand
be
significantly
signif
ieantly affect
ean be
In general,
general, it can
aff eet oil movement.
In
movement.
anticipated
anticipated that winds
per hour
winds in excess
exeess of
of 20
20 miles
miles per
hour will
generate
generate waves
high enoughtoto negate
negate the value of oil
waves high
oil booms.
booms.
Winds
winds of aa lesser
lesser velocity
velocity may
may also
significantly alter oil
also signifieantty
movement.
movernent. Weather
are
records indicate
indicate that
that winter
Weather records
winds are
winter winds
predominantly from
from the
pereent and
the east,
east, 38
38 percent
l?
southeast, 17
and southeast,
percent.
percent. Easterly winds wilt
the
will push oil
oil towards the mouth
of the
mouth of
bay and
and against
againstnorthern
northern shorelines.
shorelines. In the summer,
summer, the
thewinds
winds
predominantly from
pereent and
the
are predominantly
from the
the north,
from the
north, 27 percent
and from
n o rth w e st, 25
p e reentwhich
2 5 percent
whieh move oil
northwest,
oil to
to the southern
souther nside of the
the
bay.
bay.
At the
the mouth
mouth of
prevailingwinds
of the
the bay,
At
bay,prevailing
winds and
and currents
currents will
will cause
eause
oil
drift north
and
oil to drift
north in
inthe
southin
thewinter
winterand
andsouth
inthe
thesummer
summerand
impaet beaches
(seeAppendix
beaehesin
in these
theserespective
impact
respeetivedirections
direetions(see
B for
for
AppendixB
weather data
data).
).
GO?8t
G0781
-12-12-
D.
D.
Air and
Temperatures
and Water
Water Temperatures
Air
behavior
in the
thebehavior
Both
Both air
air and water temperatures
can play
play a part in
temperatures ean
the
i
n
e
r
e
a s e the
w
i
l
l
High
air
temperatures
will
increase
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
s
H
i
g
h
a
i
r
oil.
s
p
i
t
l
e
d
o
i
l
.
of
spilled
of
-the
an oil and
and
of an
components of
evaporation rate of the volatile
volatile components
volatile
lighter r more volatile
the lighter,
Since the
volume. Since
decrease
decrease its total volume.
oil
of the
the oil
parts are
toxicity of
the toxicity
lif e, the
more toxic
toxie to
to aquatic
aquatie life,
parts
are more
remains
which remains
oil which
heavier oil
decreased. The heavier
will
will be significantly
signifieantly decreased.
benthie
andimpact
impaetbenthic
hinderrecovery
reeoveryand
will sink
sink faster and
will
mayhinder
and this
this may
fauna.
fauna.
help
and help
movementand
oil movement
mayslow
slowoil
Cold air
air and
water temperatures
temperaturesmay
and water
Extreme
effeets. Extreme
toxic effects.
prolong the
protection efforts
protection
efforts but prolong
the oil's toxic
will
however,
cold temperatures
temperatures which
result in ice
formation, however, will
iee formation,
which result
physieatly hinder
responseand eleanup
physically
hinder the
the response
cleanup efforts.
The climate
mild and
rather mild
and
The
climate of the
markedby
by rather
the Newport
Newport area
area is
is marked
in
temperature
The
average
temperature
in
aver-age
fairly uniform
temperatures.
fairly
air temperatures.
uniform air
( seeAppendix
B) .
AppendixB).
5P F (see
Augustit
it isis58°
in August
January
Ja n u l ry iis
s 4350
4 3 .5 0FF while
whilein
probably
major
a
not
be
As
As a consequence,
ebnsequence,air temperatures
will probably not be a major
temperatureswill
some
in some
result in
usually result
will usually
factor
but will
eircumstanees,but
faetor under
most circumstances,
under most
eons
tant,
Likewise,
water
temperatures
are
fairly
constant,
ar
e
fair
ly
tem
per
atur
es
e va p o ra ti o n . L i kewise,
evaporation.
summer
late
in
bay
in
upper
normally
in the low
the upper bay in late summer
exeept in the
low 50's
50's except
normally in
on oil
oil behavior.
behavior.
have little
little impact on
and should have
E.
E.
Properties
of Oil
Oil
Propertiesof
in the
the
itsmovement
movement in
The properties
effect both
both its
The
properties of
of an
an oil
oil will
will effect
The
estuary. The
the estuary.
resources of the
estuary and
and its
its impact
the resources
impaet on the
estuary
to be
be very
gasolineand
very
kerosene tend to
light distillates, such
light
suehas
and kerosene
asgasoline
short
significant short
havesignificant
toxic
will have
quiekly, so
so they
they will
toxic but
but evaporate
evaporatequickly,
and the
the
term effects but
fuel and
few long
term
but few
long term
term effects.
effeets. Diesel fuel
in the
the
will persist in
heavy
fuels will
and will
rapidly and
not evaporate
evaporate rapidly
heavy fuels
wiII not
heavier fuels
problems. The heavier
fuels may
may
environment eausing
causing long-term problems.
environment
The
organismsand
sink causing
coating of
of fhe
the benthic organisms
andsubstrate.
substrate. The
eausing eoating
following tabte
following
table provides information
information about
about the various
various kinds of
oil
i mp a ets.
o
i l and
a n d their
th e i r impacts.
00781
GO?81
-l
-1 3-
00
H
I
I
I
|
aJl
.rf
ol
.dl
Xl
-91
t-rl
I
I
|
o
Q)
O.a
d6
A&
rh
oc
5c)
atu
"tl
Ol
g +rl
]A E]
ql .-l
F.
ho1l
I
tC
bod+r
>r
.d
O+r
O).d
t{.,
C) ti C)
piO.d.d
r. lrtt
X
O.a tr O
)9.r+r
.co
o
hr.
tr bO
I
go
t
cd=li
P
soo)
Esc
.Ft.d
o
>r-O
d 6
E.a
bOA
.r d
.G >
o O.J
Ea
d
I
-d
O
O+r () O
*
O.r
E
+,
0D O
O
{-rtF{ >rtr
.dr}{E
O
:
O Osr
Flqt
-o)
3d
O
etO
E.a
b0&
.d C,
>g
oo
oo
>E
tOrOOeO
lJ)rO(OOO
bo
O
hl
fr b0
oror.o
:! rJ? t,o
O
ulroooo
>.-O
s>
o
-o
H
cd
o
o
o
.d
t{
d
oe
o€)
oo
I
o
6Ooa
|
|
FtF{LOee
.
o
6a 6a
r$d,{
OOl.)eo
6a 6A C{ Fl '-{
'-r|.rtu?
I . .
(o sl. rJ?
ooe
F
o
I
ro
coo@
u,
c)
6
u)
A
CT'
Fl
od
tr(t)tr
highly
variable
highly
variable
variable
o
6l
Fl
20-1000
o
o
o
o
I
o
Or
o
,r
I
300-3000
300-3000
10
10
A
0)
C\l
.o
cJl
.dlro
.F{ >l
.r +rl
e).dl
o>l
O.dl
r/)Jll
o
srl did
d6
tiC)
O.r
tr'H
O'*
ftGa
a
6
O
I
|
50
I Esg
.r5Q)
Ol
dtr4.a
An
-HOO.hJd€
ulPL
t.tl
ro
<tt
I
o
r
@
tJ?
OD
d
.g
o
g
,
=
O
o
tr
o
rr?to
oo
ooo)o)o)
tr
d.jc;dc;
v)
q)
O
-t4-
62228 5
(D6r<r(0O
pd
u,
A
6
Heavy Distillates
Diesel
No. 2
No. 4
No. 6
Bunker
g)
t-
o)
1979
tq
b0
o
u
=
d
Fingus et al.
g.
q-l
E
fran:
little chenical
effect, serious
physical interference
30
30
25
0.85
0.85
0.9
0.98
0.98
5-40
0.8-0.95
Crude Oil
Crude
indirect
toxicity
very low
degree
55
55
60
80
80
15
15
50
-40
4-10
Light Distillates
Gasoline
Jet Fuel
Kerosene
Flash
very high
direct and
very high
degree
55
55
1.5
1.5
0.8
0.8
60
48
0.65-0.75
Toxicity
Substrate
Penetration
Point C
Viscosity
API Gravity
Specific
Gravity
General
Classification
Type
Properties of Oil
Table 2.
G O 7 8 t .2
0
VI.
RECOVERY
RECOVERY
proteetedt
Once
an oil
Once an
has been
eontained and sensitive areas are protected,
oil spill
spill has
been contained
eseape
to escape
anopportunity
opportunity to
hasan
it has
the
before it
reeoveredbefore
must be
oit must
be recovered
containeCoil
the contained
various
this involves
eombinationof various
environmentagain.
involves a combination
into the
the environment
again. Usually this
inelude:
Theseinclude:
methods depending
dependingon
onthe
the situation.
situation. These
physical methods
t.
1.
Skimmers
as the
the name
name im
implies,
aree used
usedto skim oil
oil off
off the
plies, ar
S
ki mme rswwhich,
h i e h , as
shapes
of shapes
large variety
variety of
come in
in a large
They come
water. They
surface of
of the water.
surface
and sizes
machinestoto large
large selfunmanned maehines
sizes varying
from small
small unmanned
varying from
propelled
propelled manned
mannedaPParatus.
apparatus.
2.
2.
ald
process
of absorption and
the process
Sorbents whieh
through the
Sorbents
which aet
act through
-from
3.
3.
be
can
GBllbe
pte .
rakesr etc.
shovels, rakes,
Manual removal
buekets, shovels,
Manual
removal using buckets,
is
there is
semi-solid oil provided there
visdous or semi-solid
resorted to for viscous
resorted
too
adequate labor
labor available
availableand
andthe
the quantities
quantitiesofof oil
oil are
are not too
adequate
large.
large.
be
These ean
can be
adsorption to
to selectively remove
remove oil
oil from water. These
adsorption
praetical in
in small
small
only practical
natural
naturbl or
or synthetic
but are
are usually
usually only
synthetie but
problems.
disposalproblems.
and disposal
of recovery
recoveryand
areas
the expense
expenseof
becauseof the
areasbecause
discussed
Aswill
will be
bediscussed
Any
Any methods
methodsused
usedmust
mustbe
be environmentally
environmentallyaeceptable.
acceptable. As
removal will
andremoval
eleanupand
wher-e
instanceiwhere
in
cleanup
areinstances
next section,
thereare
seetion,there
in the
the next
proeesses.
degradeby natural processes.
cause
harm than leaving
leaving the
the oil
eause more harm
oil to degrade
VII.
Vil.
11
AND REMOVAL
REMOVAL
CLEANUP AND
and
eontainedand
It is
eompletelycontained
is rare
rare when
eanbebecompletely
oil spilled
on water
when oil
spilled on
water can
Cleanup of
of the
the
Cleanup
shoreline.
the shoreline.
reaehes the
recovered
before some of
of it reaches
reeovered before
tt-ta!
eonsuming
shoreline
more
difficult
and
time
consuming
than
diffieult
and
time
shoreline areas is
more
is considerably
considerably
shouldbe emphasized
emphasizedthat
water. It should
operationson water.
containment
recovery operations
containment and recovery
in
r_e_sult
physical removal
may result
shoreline
the physical
of
oil
from
some
types
of
shoreline
may
in
of
from
some
types
removal of oil
oeeur
would
whieh
that
ecological
and/or
damage
far
in
excess
of
that
which
would
occur
physical
in
excess
far
damage
ecologieal and/or
The
decision to
to initiate
proeesses.
The decision
if
oil removal
removal were
if oil
wers left
to natural
naturalprocesses.
left to
-oil
should
shore
areas
cleanup
and
restoration
activities
on
oil
contaminated
shore
areas
should
on
eontaminated
cleanup and restoration
and
aesthetie, and
soeial, economic,
eeonomie, aesthetic,
be based
based on careful
evaluation of social,
eareful evaluation
ecological faetors.
factors.
ttign
of high
populated &rea
areas -of
area or
or areas
polluted beaches
When oil has
a populated
has polluted
beaehes in a
the
from the
differ from
may differ
pressuresfor
recreational use,
priorities and
eleanupmay
for cleanup
andpressures
use, priorities
recreational
If
aa
If
priorities associated
areas.
coastline
uninhabited
priorities
with
remote
or
uninhabited
coastline
areas.
remote
or
associated with
time
of
length
then
the
length
of
time
public,
then
the
heavily
used
by
the
public,
the
used
by
shoreline
area isis heavily
lhoreline area
proeessmay
maybe
beunacceptable
unaeceptable-and
necessary
naturalprocess
necessary for the
and
the removal
removal of
of oil
oil by
by natural
ecological
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
e
e
o
l
o
g
ieal
possible
its
i
t
s
despite
required despite
will
bee required
ccleanup
l e a n u p action
ill b
action w
sensitive
impliealions. Under most circumstances,
implications.
however,
biologically
sensitive
however,
biologieally
cireumstanees,
and
priority for
for protection
given the highest
highest priority
shoreline
types should
be given
should be
shoreline types
-protectionand
and
types and
habitat types
Yaquina Bay's
Bayrs habitat
cleanup measures.
me-abures. Detailed
Detailed accounts
aeeounts of Yaquina
B'
VtrI
given
in
Seetion
appropriate
cleanup
measures
are
given
in
Section
VIII
B.
appropriate cleanup measuresare
G0781
co?8l
-l 5-15-
VIII.
VM.
ESTUARY
BAY ESTUARY
THE
THE IMPACTS OF OIL
THEYAQUINA
YAQUINA BAY
OIL ON
ON THE
A.
A.
Organisms
The Impacts on
Living Organisms
The
on Living
wide
in aa wide
living organisms
Oil
Oil and its various
impaet living
organisms in
various components
components impact
inelude:
Possible direet
direct effects
eff eets include:
variety of ways.
ways. Possible
variety
l1..
General
G e n e r a l Effects
Effects
a.
a.
Death by
by coating and
and asphyxiation,
asphyxiation,
b.
Death
Death by
by contact
eontaet poisoning,
Poisoning,
c..
e
Death by
by exposure to water
solublecompounds,
compounds,
water soluble
d.
d.
Death by exposure or hypothermia.
hypothermia.
Possible indirect
indirect effects include:
include:
a.
a.
reduction'
Food
f f o r t reduction,
F o o d aand
e e d i n g eeffort
n d ffeeding
b..
b
Contamination,
Contamination,
c..
e
Habitat displacement,
Habitat
and
crowding and
displacement, thereby
causing crowding
thereby causing
predationt
increased vulnerability
to
predation,
to
vulnerability
d.
d.
R e p r o d u c t i v e ffailures,
Reproductive
ailures,
e.
and
Physical,
ehanges, and
behavioral changes,
Physical, chemical
and behavioral
chemical and
f.
Incorporation of
Incorporation
of sublethal
sublethal amounts
amounts ofof oil
into tissues
tissues
oil into
to
organism to
the organism
reduced resistance
resistance of the
resulting
resulting in reduced
infeetion o
infection
orr stress.
stress.
The
The eomplex
complex biologieal
biological structure
structure of Yaquina
Bay isis sueh
such that
that
Yaquina Bay
variety
wide variety
could affect
affeet aa wide
one
or all
above factors
factors could
one or
all of
of the
the above
perhaps destroying
Such
of
of organisms
organisms -- perhaps
webs. Such
destroying entire
entire food
food webs.
it
predict,
but
reactions
be
impossible
to
accurately
predict,
but
it
to
accurately
reactions would
impossible
would be
project
plankton
not difficult
diffieult to
is not
project
how
the
destruction
of
plankton
of
to
how the destruetion
larval
the larval
affect the
populations by
populations
by oil,
would affeet
for example,
example, would
oil, for
plankton, the
f ish and
fish
feed on
on the
and shellfish
shellf ish which
the adult
adult
whieh feed
the plankton,
marine
andmarine
fish
larvae, and
andwaterfowl
waterfowl and
fish which
which ffeed
eed on the
the larvae,
m a m m a l s wwhich
Fortunately,
mammals
h i c h f feed
F o r t u n a t e l y , biological
biologieal
e e d oon
n tthe
h e fish.
fish.
overeome
systems are
are remarkably
ultimately overcome
flexible and may ultimately
systems
remarkably flexible
disasters
Recovery
be
disasters sueh
such as
as this
Recovery will
will be
this and
and regenerate.
regenerate.
are
whieh are
slow,
speeies or
or habitats
habitats which
slow, however,
however, and
for those
those species
and for
few in
in number
number regeneration
It is
It
regeneration may
may be
beimpossible.
impossible.
therefore essential that these resourees be given all
p
o s s i b l e pprotection.
roteetion.
possible
therefore essential that these resources be given all
GO781.l
G O ? 8 l .r
-16-16-
2.
2.
Bffeets
SpeeifiePopulations
Populations
on Specific
Effects on
a.
SPecies
Endangered
EndangeredSpecies
or
known rare
no known
are no
In the
Bayarea,
area, there are
rare or
Yaquina Bay
In
the Yaqulna
also
There
are
also
species.
shellfish
endangered fish
fish oi
or shellfish species.
endangered
one
There is one
speeies. There
rare, endangered plant
plant species.
no
no rare,
stream
inhabits
whieh
Vole,
mammal, the
White-footed
Vole,
which
inhabits
stream
the White-footed
not likely
likely
but itit would
wouldnot
banks and
and is
is considered
rare, but
considered rare,
of
number
a
are
In
addition,
there
are
a
number
of
oil. tn addition,
by oil.
affeeted by
be affected
of
residents
part
full
time
or
birds whieh
whichare
are either
either part or full time residents of
birds
the
inelude
These
These
include
the
rare.
eonsideredrare.
areconsidered
the area
area and
and are
f ollowing:
following:
(l)
(1)
upper
in the
pair is
feed in
the upper
known to feed
is known
Bald Eagles
Eagles - a pair
Bald
(2)
(2)
April
from April
foundfrom
befound
eanbe
Osprey -- considered
eonsideredrare, can
October .
to October.
(3)
(3)
not
rare, but not
Snowy
Snowy Plover
Plover - considered rarer
Oregon
known
the
percentof
of the known Oregon
endangered.
Six percent
endangered.Six
(about
loeated
are
100
nests)
nesting population, (about
nests)
located
nestin!
Bay'
the
of
mouth
the mouth of the Bay.
in the sand
dunes near the
sanddunes
unknown.
siteisisunknown.
nest site
bay. Their nest
bay.
(4)
in May,
May,
oeeurin
rare, occur
consideredrarer
Tern - considered
CaspianTern
(4) Caspian
Oetober .
September,
S
ePtem ber and
,and October.
I
the
inelude the
peripheralor
unknown status
or unknown
Other
status include
other birds of peripheral
the
the Common
CommonEgret
Horned
Grebe,, the
Pelican, the
Egret,r the
fhe Brown Peliean,
HornedGrebe
Martin.
PurpleMartin.
Rhinoceros
Aukiet, and the Purple
RhinocerosAuklet,
b.
Birds
DependentBirds
Water Dependent
Waterfowl and Water
assoeiated
11?water associated
are117
there are
In the Yaquina
Bay area
area there
Yaquina Bay
In
as
is estimated
estimated that as
given day,
day, itit is
on aa given
speeies. On
bird species.
for-res-ting
estuary for
use
many
as 30,000
birds may
may
use the estuary
resting
many as
301000birds
-Particularly
llte
during the
the late
purposes. Particularly during
feeding purposes.
and feeding
and
quitehigh
iigh
populationsare
are quite
fall
populations
months,bird
bird
and winter
winter months,
fall and
.migratory
as
such as
waterfowl such
due
of migratory waterfowl
influxes of
large influxes
to large
due to
protectedshallows
shallows
The protected
Canadian
Geese and
and Black
BlackBrant.
Brant. The
canadian Geese
provide
Slough-prolide
KingtsSlough
andKing's
Flats, and
of Sally's
Idaho Flats,
Sally's Bend, Idaho
of
have
thus frequently have
and thus
areas and
stopover areas
excelleht stopover
excellent
waterfowl'
concentrated numbers
of waterfowl.
numbers of
eoneentrated
or
on or
Aquatic
birds which
which spend
spendmost
most ofof their
their lives on
Aquatic birds
suseeptible to
are particularly susceptible
surface are
near the water
water surface
ne&r
af fec-ted
visibly affected
mostvisibly
themost
often the
oil and
are often
spilled
and are
spilled oil
loss
in the
the loss
Oil on
on their
their feathers results in
organisms. oil
organisms.
by
followed by
proofingand
bouyaneyfollowed
andbouyancy
of
natural weather
weatherproofing
of'natural
Indirect
effects
Indireet
drowning.
pneumonia
or
death by
pneumonia
or
drowning.
by
death
eyele
r e p r o d u e t i v e cycle
t h e reproductive
include
w i t h the
i n l e r f e r e n e e with
i n e l u d e interference
the
of the
survival of
low survival
and low
loss and
egg loss
high egg
resulting in high
yo u n g .
young.
co?8l.l
G0781.l
-17-17-
e.
c.
Fish
Fish
Yaquina Bay
and
Bayeontains
contains 35
35 harvestable
harvestable speeies
species of
of fish and
of
suseeptibility of
speeies. The susceptibility
numerous non-utilized
non-utilized species.
the
various types
types of
primarily on their
of fish
fish depends
dependsprimarily
the various
their
spawning and
feeding
Those
which
habits.
fish which
pelagic fish
and
habits. Those pelagic
feed near
near the
the surface
surfacesuch
suchas
asherring
herringand
andanchovies
anchoviesare
are
p
a r t i e u l a r l y l likely
i k e l y tto
a n d be
be
i n j e s t floating
f l o a t i n g oil
o injest
o i l and
particularly
adversely affected. Other fish
f ish which
depth
whieh remain at depth
mueh less
are much
less likely
likely to
during
to be
beharmed
harmedby
by oil
oil except
exceptduring
juvenile stages
their juvenile
stages when
when their
larval forms
forms are part
their
their larval
planktonie
population.
of
the
oceur
Most larval
fish occur
of the planktonic population. Most
larval fish
during the spring
spring making
making itit the most
most sensitive
sensitive time for
Yaquina Bay.
fish
the fish of Yaquina
Bay.
Effects of
of oil on fish
the
Effects
inelude
ehanging
gills
include changingmetabolic
metabolicrates,
rates, coating
coating of
of the gills
poisoning, loss
and
food and
and subsequent
loss of
of food
subsequent suffoeation,
suffocation, poisoning,
habitat alteration.
d.
d.
Shellfish
Shellfish
Yaquina Bay
Yaquina
Baycontains
contains eommereially
commercially important
important populations
populations
crab, shrimp,
of crab,
shrimp,clams,
other
elams,and
andoysters
oystersand
andnumerous
numerousother
of
non-utilized
shellfish
whieh
are
non-utilized shellfish which are very
very important
important to
to the
estuarine food
food chain.
During their
ehain. During
all
estuarine
their larval
larval stages, all
shellfish are
highly suseeptible
effeets of oil
oil
shellfish
are highly
susceptibletoto the
the effects
population
serious damage
and serious
damage could
to the
done to
thepopulation
could be
be done
s h o u l d aa sspill
should
p i l l occur
o c c u r during
d u r i n g tthe
h e spring
s p r i n g or
o r early
early
summer. The adult stages
summer.
stagesof
of crab
freeswimming
eraband
andfree
swimming
shrimp are
likely to
to be
be affected
shrimp
are not
not as likely
affeeted but
but clams,
elams,
oysters, and
due
burrowingshrimp
oysters,
andburrowing
shrimp are
arehighly
highly vulnerable
vulnerabl'edue
their filter-feeding
filter-feeding habits.
to their
habits. High eoncentrations
concentrations of
oil will eause
will
death and
lower concentrations
coneentrations will
cause death
andlower
eausebehavior
behavlor and reproductive disorders
cause
disorders and
and taint
taint the
the
flesh
flesh so
so it is unusable.
unusable. Cage
Cage and
rack culture
of
and rack
culture of
oysters could
eould be
oysters
be seriously
seriouslydamaged.
damaged.
e.
e.
Marine
Mammals
Marine Mammals
California and
California
and Stellarts
Stellarrs Sea Lions
Lions and
and Harbor
Harbor Seals
Seals
in Yaquina
YaquinaBay.
yeararound
occur in
Bay. Harbor Seals
around
Seals are year
residents while
while the sea
sea lions are
are most
mostcommon
eommonduring
during
Oetober through
through May.
May. Although
October
Although mortalities
mortalities in
in these
these
species
species from
from the
the effects
effeets of
of oil
oil are
are rare,
rare, it can
ean affect
affect
their ability
ability to
their
to forage
forage and may
may cause
chronic
eause other
other chronic
p
ro b l e ms.
problems.
GO78l.l
G078l.l
- l 8-18-
f.
f.
BenthieOrganisms
Organisms
Benthic
dwellingshrimp,
shrimp,
bottomdwelling
Aside from
from clams, oysters
oystersand
andbottom
other
of other
wide varie-ty
Yaquina
Bayalso
also supports
supportsaa wide
variety of
Yaquina Bay
no
they have no
Although they
dwelling organisms.
organisms. Although
bottom dwelling
amphipods
wormsramphipods
suehas
asworms,
commercial importance,
animals such
impoitanee, animals
food
overall food
in the
the overall
and
are very
important
important in
isopods are
very
and isopods
-signiiicant.
whieh
Those
species
which
quite significant. Those speeies
chain and thus
ttrus quite
to
vulnerable to
espeeially vulnerable
inhabit intertidal
intertidal areas
areas are
are especially
inhabit
the oil
as the
long as
foi as
as long
affected for
eould be affected
and could
oil and
ea.
remains
in the ar
area.
re ma i n s in
g.
Organisms
Planktonic Organisms
Planktonie
zooplanktont
p o p u l a t i o n includes
i n c l u d e szooplankton,
p l a n k t o n i c population
The
T
h e planktonic
and
fish and
of.many
stages of
phytoplankton, and
and tne
the larval
many fish
larval stages
phytoilankton,
Becausethis
this group
grouplives
livesatat thp
the surfaee-rsurface, it
3neUtisn.
shellfish. Beeause
mortalities
and mortalities
oil and
flolting oil
susceptible toto floating
highty susceptible
is highly
the
in the
quite high.
high. Alterations -in
be quite
expeeted to be
can be
bl expected
profound impact
impaet
very profound
have a very
planktonic
population would
would have
planktonie population
whiehdepend
depend
theBay
Baywhich
on the rest
organismsininthe
rest of
ofthe
theorganisms
food '
group for food.
this group
directly
on this
indireetly on
direetly or indirectly
B.
Them
uponThem
Oilupon
The Effects
Effeetsof
ofOil
Significance
of Various Habitats,
Habitats, The
Signifieanceof
and Possible Cleanup Measures
be
will be
assoeiated habitat will
The
shoreline types
types and
and their
their associated
The various
various shoreline
for
Table 3 for
sensitivity (see Table
of sensitivity
described
in descending
deseendin!-order of
deseribed in
re l a ti ve values).
va l u e s).
relative
Estuaries
in Oregon's
OregonrsEstuaries
Typesin
Habitat Types
Values of Habitat
Table 3.
3. Relative Values
Coastal
Submerged Coastal
Submerged
Tide Lands
Lands
Lands
Lands
very small
small
Area
Relative Area
non
Renewable or
or Nonrenewable
Renewable
Nonrenewablenon
high
very high
Vulnerability
fair
Resileney
Resilency
high
very high
Diversity
Diversity
Social
Social Importance:
Importance:
moderate
l1)) Commercial
moderate
C o mme re i a l
high
high
very
Recreational
2)
2) Recreational
variable
Vulnerability
Vulnerability of Animals
Animals
variable
high
very high
Diversity of Species
Speeies
p
1974
from
Ham, 1974
and Ham,
Wilsey and
from Wilsey
GO?81.1
G0781.l
-1
-199-
small
very small
non
non
high
very high
poor
poor
high
high
moderate
moderate
very high
high
very high
high
high
very high
EEl
EEl
Grass
Grass
Coastal
Coastal
Marsh
Salt
Salt Marsh
very small
small
renewable
renewable
very
high
very high
small
very small
good
high
low
high
high
high
very high
non
non
high
very high
poor
poor
moderate
moderate
low
low
high
very high
high
high
l1.,
Tidal
Tidal Marshes
Marshes
a.
a.
Deseription
Description
The tidal
tidal marsh
marsh vegetation
The
vegetation type
type isis composed
eomposedof those
those
semi-aquatic
aquatie and
and semi-aquatic
communities of vaseular,
eommunities
vascular, aquatic
vegetation rooted
poorly drained,
poorly aerated
vegetation
rooted in
in poorly
aerated
drained, poorly
salt
soil, which
which may
contain varying
varying concentrations
coneentrationsof salt
may contain
which occur
inland to the
and which
occur from
from low
low or
or high water inland
the
line of nonaquatic
nonaquaticvegetation.
vegetation.
In Yaquina Bay
Baythe
the major
major marsh
marsh areas
areas are found in
in the
and
Poolers and
inelude Poole's
middle
middle and
and upper
upper estuary
and include
estuary and
McC
a ffe r yr sSloughs
ea 1.9
McCaffery's
Sloughsand
andan'
an ar
area
1.9 miles
m ilesdownstream
downstr eam
are
Toledo on
marshes are
from Toledo
Minor marshes
from
on the south
south shore.
shore. Minor
found
Fisher and
andJohnson
JohnsonSloughs
found at Fisher
Sloughs and major
major diked
diked
Sloughs.
found along
Nutersand
Boonets
marshes are found
marshes
Sloughs.
alongNute's
andBoone's
These are located
loeated on
on the
These
the vegetative
vegetativemaps
mapsin
inAppendix
AppendixC.
C.
b.
b.
Importance
Importance
Tidal marshes
marshesare
produetive area
Tidal
are usually the most
most productive
area in
in
produetionsupplies
plant production
supplies
estuary. The extensive
the estuary.
extensive plant
food material
material to
to much
much of
of the
food
thebay
bayand
andsupports
supportsaa wide
wide
polyehaetes
range of organisms
organismssueh
andpolychaetes
range
such as elams,
clams, crabs
erabsand
are food
food for
fish,birds
which in
in turn are
for fish,
birdsand
mammalswho
andmammals
who
feeding,
a
l s o use
u s e the
f o r nurseries,
also
t h e same
s a m e areas
a r e a s for
n u r s e r i e s ,feeding,
p
ro te cti on, and
nesting.
protection,
andnesting.
c.
c.
Effects
Oil
Effeets of
of Oil
Oil
ean cause
eausesevere
problemsin
severeproblems
Oil can
in marshes
marshesby
adhering
by adhering
plantsand
the
directly
directly to the
the plants
alsoby
bycontaminating
eontaminating the
andalso
sediments. Beeause
sediments.
Becausethere
there isis little
little or
or no
noflushing
flushins in
in
yearseffectively
these
areas, oil
these areas,
oil may
may remain
remain for
effectiiely
for years
destroying the most
most important
primary production
destroying
important primary
produetionareas
areas
of the bay
bay and
and impacting
impacting all the terrestrial
and
terrestrial and
aquatic organisms
organismswhich
aquatic
use the marsh.
whieh use
marsh.
d
d..
Cleanup
Cleanup
T
he m
The
a r s h e s of
marshes
o f Yaquina
Yaquina B
Bay
p o o r water
a y have
h a v e poor
water
accessibility
aeeessibility whieh
which will
will make cleanup
diffieult.
eleanup very
very difficult.
If eleaning
cleaning is necessary,
neeessary, the best method
method is
is low
low
pressure water flushing
flushing conducted
from boats
during
eondueted from
boats during
high tide. Under certain
high
cireumstanees,hand
certain circumstances,
hgnd cutting
eutting
of oiled
be possible but
but it
of
oiled vegetation
usually
vegetation may
may be
it is usually
reeommended beeause
not recommended
because of
of the
the severe
severedisturbance
disturbance
causedby trampling.
caused
trampling.
G0781.l
G
O78l.l
-20-20-
If there are
If
are large
rarge aeeumurations
accumulations of
of oil,
oil, trenching
trenehing may
may
be
necessaryto
be necessary
to drain
drain the
the oil
oil back out-to
out to the
the recovery
ree:overy
area.
ndonothing
area. If
If accumulations
aeeumulations are small,
small, the "do
nothing
a l te rn a tivg" is
pr obably the
alternative"
is- probably
least-damaging
damaging
the least
to the
the
-be to
system.
system. A
A trained
trained biologist
biologistshould
shouldalways
alwaysbe consulted
lonsulted
before any action is taken.
takeh.
2.
2.
(s helter ed)
Tidal F
l a ts (sheltered)
Tidal
Flats
B.
a.
Description
Description
Tidal flats include
inelude that
that area
area of
of land
landcovered
eovered and
and
uncovered by
daily tidal
uncovered
by the
the daily
tidal cycle.
eyele. Tide flats consist
eonsist
of sediments,
sediments,primarily
primariiy gravel,
gravei, sand, silt, and
of
and clay,
elay,
washed into
washed
into the
the estuary by
by the coastal
eoastal rivers
rivers and
and the
the
sea.
sea. In
Yaquina Bay,
In Yaquina
Bay, extensive flats occur
oecur in
the
in the
Sallyrs
the area
Sally's Bend
Bendarea,
area, and the
areabetween
betweenthe
theMarine
Marine
point, and
Science
and Hinton
Hinton Point,
Science Center
Center and
Kingrs Slough.
andKing's
Slough.
Minor
flats
oeeur
along
plae-es.
the bay
bay and
and many
many other places.
Minor flats occur
T h e most
r n o s t iimportant
m p o r t a n t - ppart
art <
The
ofj f these
t h e s e flats
i t a t s are
a r e the
the
extensive eelgrass
extensive
beds of
eelgrass beds
of Sally's
Sallyts Bend
Bend and those
those
adjacent
the Marine
Marine Science
adjacent to the
ScieneeCenter.
Center.
b.
Importance
importance
yaquina Bay
The tide flats of Yaquina
The
Bay support
support significant
signifieant
populations responsible
algal populations
responsible for primary
primary production,
produetion,
and as
as mentioned
mentioned above,
above, extensive
and
extensiveeelgrass
eelgrass beds
beds in
in
some locations.
loeations. There
large numbers
numbers of
There are large
of benthic
benthic
invertebrates such
sueh as
invertebrates
as clams,
elams, worms,
woims, and shrimp in the
the
tide
tide flat
flat areas.
areas. The variety of
of organisms
organisms
increases
-greater increases
in eelgrass
eelgrass areas
areas because
because of
,5r the greater stability
stability
and
and - protection.
populations support
Invertebrate populations
Invertebrate
support
grazing
both birds and fish
grazing of
of both
fish and
and are
aie seasonally
seasonallyvery
verv
juvenile' fish.
important
for migratory
migratory waterfowl
important for
waterfowl and juvenile
The flats
flats are
The
are also
alsoimportant
important as haul
haul out
out areas
areas for
for
se a Is.
seals.
c.
C.
Oi l Impacts
Imp aets
Oil
oil can have
have long term persistence
Oil
persistenceon tide flats due
due to
to
lack of
of waves
the lack
waves and
and currents.
eurrents. It can
can also
beeome
alsobecome
ineorporated
sediments and have
incorporated into
into the sediments
have long
long term
term
deleterious effects on
on the
theburrowing
burrowing invertebrates
invertebrafesand
and
the many
many organisms
organisms that directly
direeily or
oi indirectly
indirectly deped
deped
on them
on
them for
for food.
food.
In Yaquina
In
Yaquina Bay
Bay the
the biological
biological
diversity and
exposure of
diversity
and exposure
of th;
the flats
flats will
will make these
t-hese
areas susceptible
susceptibleto any
areas
any kind
kind of oil
oil intrusion.
intrusion.
GO781.l
GO?81.1
-21-21-
d.
Cleanup
Cleanup
The
of Yaquina
Yaquina Bay
partieularly hard
Bay will
The tide
tide flats of
will be particularly
hard
proteet and
andclean
eleanup
up due
dueto
to wind,
wind,
to protect
their
exposure
to their exposureto
waves and
and eurrents.
currents. In some eases,
cases, tidal
tidal currents
eurrentsmay
may
be sufficient
sufficient to
it
carry oil
flats where
to carry
oil back
back off
off the
the flats
where it
e a n be
b e collected.
can
eolleeted.
I f cleanup
e l e a n u p is
i s needed,
n e e d e d ,heavy
If
heavy
equipment and large crews
should be avoided
ot
erews should
beeauseof
avoided because
the damage
damage sueh
the
such aetivities
activities ean
can inflict
inflict to
to the
the fragile
fragile
pressurewater
ecology. Instead, low
ecology.
low pressure
with
water flushing
flushing with
small crews
erews would be
be most desirable.
desirable.
Once again
do nothing
best
nothing approach may
Once
again the do
may be
be the best
alternative
and consultation
consultation with
alternative and
with aa trained
trainedbiologist
biologist
is mandatory
mandatory before
before any
any aetion
action is taken.
taken.
3.
Sheltered
Rocky Shores
Shores
Sheltered Rocky
B.
a.
Description
Description
Sheltered roeky
Sheltered
rocky shores
shoresare
are inter-tidal
inter-tidal areas
areas of
of rocky
roeky
paralleling the
substrate paralleling
the edge of
of the bay.
bay. In Yaquina
Yaquina
B
a y , most
m o s t of
o f the
t h e open
o p e n shore
Bay,
s h o r e line
l i n e on
o n both
b o t h sides
sides
e
x
e
l
u
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
excluding the sloughs
s l o u g h s is
i s composed
or
c o m p o s e d oof
f riprap
r i p r a p or
naturally
occurring
naturally occur
ring rock.
b.
Importanee
Importance
Becauseof
Because
of the
the protection
protection afforded by the cracks
eraeksin the
roeks, these
providing a
rocks,
thesecan
eanbe
bevery
veryrich
richecologically,
ecologieally,providing
good
many macroinvertebrates
good habitat
habitat for many
substrate
maeroinvertebratesplus substrate
for algae
algae and
and attachment
sites for barnacles
attaehment sites
and
barnaeles and
mussels. The rocky
mussels.
rocky shores
s[ores in
in the
the lower
lower bay
bay are
are
partieularly
particularly important
important for
for this reason.
reason.
e.
C.
Oi
Oill E
Effects
ffe ets
oil
habitat can
physieally smother
Oil in
in this habitat
eanphysically
smother the
the numerous
numerous
plants
and animals
attached plants and
animals and result in
removal
in the
theremoval
of natural
natural habitat
of
habitat for
for new
newcolonizers.
colonizers. Without wave
wave
aetion,
persistfor
the oil
periods.
action, the
oil can
canpersist
for long
longperiods.
d.
Cleanup
Cleanup
Although it is possible
possible to
sand blast
to sand
blast or
or steam
steamclean
elean
rocks,
r o c k s , tthese
h e s e methods
m e t h o d s should
s h o u l d be
b e avoided
a v o i d e d unless
unless
absolutely neeessary
great damage
absolutely
necessary beeause
because of
of the great
damageto any
any
organisms. If
surviving organisms.
If cleanup
eleanupdoes
doesseem
seemnecessary,
neeessary,
low pressure
flushing is the
low
pressure water flushing
the recommended
reeommendedmethod.
method.
GO781.l
GO?81.1
- 22-22-
4
4..
Silt and
SandBeaches
andSand
Beaehes
a.
Description
Description
These
beaehareas
areasoccasionally
These eonsist
consist of beach
occasionallyinundated
inundatedby
by
tides. They
tides.
They are
in Yaquina
Yaquina Bay,
are rare in
Bay, but,
but, of
of course,
eourse,
common
commonon
onthe
the ocean
ocean side
side of
of the
the bay entrance.
entrance.
b.
Importanee
Importance
Beaehesare usually
usually not
produetive since
not highly
highly productive
Beaches
sineespecies
species
quite low.
diversity and density
density are quite
low. The major
diversity
major value
value
public usage.
is for
for public
usage. However,
However, there
there are
some important
are some
important
elam beds
beds as noted
noted on
on the
clam
the Resource
ResourceChart.
Chart. Likewise,
Likewise,
beachesnear
nearYaquina
YaquinaBay
the beaches
Bay entrance
entranee are used
used by the
Snowy Plover,
rare shorebird
shorebirdspecies
Plover, aa rare
speeiesin
in Oregon.
Oregon.
e.
c.
Imp
a cts
Impacts
Usually m
inimal to
Usually
minimal
to aaquatic
q u a t i e life,
l i f e , but
b u t can
e a n cause
eause
problems to those
signifieant problems
significant
those species
speeies present and
and
impaet
impact important
important recreational areai.
areas.
d
d..
C
leanup
Cleanup
probably best
It is
is probably
not to
to cleanup
best not
eleanup here
here unless
unless the
the
public demands
demands it.
it. Large tar balls
ballscan
beremoved
removedby
by
eanbe
hand,
and small
small accumulations
aecumulations ean
hand, and
can be raked.
raked. Earth
Earth
m o v e r s and
a n d bulldozers
b u l l d o z e r s should
movers
s h o u l d be
b e avoided
a v o i d e dunless
unless
absolutely
absolutely necessary.
neeessary.
5..
5
Open Waters
Open
Waters
a.
Deseription
Description
Open waters consist
Open
consist of
of those
parts of
those parts
of the
the estuary
estuary
continuously
continuouslyeovered
coveredby
by water
water and
and inelude
include those parts
of the
the sloughs
sloughsnot exposed
exposedduring
during low
low tide.
b..
b
Imp o rta nce
Importance
In
In Yaquina Bay,
Bay, the open
populations of
open waters support
support populations
phytoplanktonn,
phytoplanktonn, zooplankton,
zooplankton, fish, marine mammals,
mammals,
feeding
feeding waterfowl, and
and are
are an
an important
important migratory
migratory route
route
for several
severalkinds
kindsof
of anadromous
anadromousfish.
C.
c.
Imp a e ts
Impacts
On
On open water,
water, the
the oil
oil could
eouldcause
eausesignificant
signifieantdamage
damage
planktonie organisms and
to planktonic
and this
this in turn
turn would
would affect
affeet
many fish species.
speeies. Waterfowl,
Waterfowl, sueh
such as raptors
raptorswhich
whieh
feed on the fish
fish could
eould also
also be
be impacted
impaeted as
as could
tould other
waterfowl
waterfowl which
which depend
dependon
onthe
the estuary
estuary for
for resting
resting and
and
feeding.
fe e d i n g .
GO?
81.1
co?8
1 .1
- 23-23-
d.
Cleanup
Cleanup
Cleaning methods
Cleaning
methodsare
are limited
limited but
but corralling
corralling oil
oil and
and
pieking itit up
most useful.
useful.
picking
up with
with skimmers
skimmers may be the
the most
protectthose
technique is to
The best technique
to protect
thosebays
bayswhich
whiehcan
ean
will
be boomed
assume the
the tidal
tidal and river currents
boomed and assume
currentswill
earry the remaining
remaining oil
place where
carry
oil to
to a place
it can
where it
ean be
be
collected
eollected or where
naturally disperse.
disperse.
where it will
will naturally
C.
c.
ResourcesImpacted
Impactedby
Other Resources
by Oil
OiI
1.
l.
Natural
Natural Areas
Areas
Several significant
significant natural
natural areas have
have been
identified by
by
been identified
the
the Nature
NatureConservancy.
on the
have been
been located
Conservaney. These have
loeated on
Resource
Inventory maps
Resource Inventory
mapsin
in Appendix
Appendix C.
sloughs indicated on this
The sloughs
map;Winant,
Winant,McCaffery's
McCafferyrs ,
this map;
Poolers, Boone,
Boone, and
partieularly sensitive
Poole's,
Nutetswould
and Nute's
would be particularly
sensitive
to the
the effects
here
to
effeets of
of oil,
oil, because oil
oil could
could be trapped
trapped here
for extended
extended periods, resulting
for
resulting in
in long-term
long-term damage
damage to the
the
tidal marshes
tidal
marsheswithin.
all sloughs
For this
with
For
within.
this reason,
reason, all
sloughswith
s i g n i f i e a n t wetlands
significant
w e t l a n d s aare
priority
r e identified
i d e n t i f i e d for
f o r first
f i r s t priority
protection.
protection. All
All eelgrass
eelgrass beds are identified
identified as
as extremely
extremely
limited
limited eeotypes
ecotypeson
on the
the maps,
maps, and
and,, therefore,
therefore , are
are also
also
p r i o r i t y protection.
proteetion.
candidates
e
a n d i d a t e s for
In
f o r ffirst
i r s t priority
I n reality,
reality,
however,
however, proteeting
protecting eelgrass
eelgrass beds
beds will
will be very
very difficult
diffieult
(basking)
because
because of
of their exposed
character. Seal
exposedcharacter.
Seal haulout
haulout (basking)
ssites
ites a
ass well
w e l l as
p i g e o n aareas
a s band-tailed
b a n d - t a i l e d pigeon
r e a s are
a r e also
also
protection
eonsidered
priority protection
considered unique
uniqueand
andtargeted
targeted for
for first
first priority
p o ssi b l e .
iiff possible.
2.
AreheologiealSites
Archeological
Sites
Fifty-six Yaquina
Yaquina indian
indian villages
villages are
are believed
believed to have
have
existed
on
Yaquina Bay,
existed on Yaquina
Bay, largely concentrated
concentrateddownstream
downstreamof
Elk City. At
Elk
At present there
therb are
are two
two recorded
recorded sites in the
the
area, one
one at
atthe
MarineScience
the
theMarine
ScieneeCenter
Center and
and one near the
south Highway
Highway #101
south
bridge approach.
#101bridge
approaeh. No detailed
detailed surveys
surveys
have been done and no
no other sites
sites are
are known,
known, although
although they
surely exist.
surely
exist.
It appears
It
appears that
pose
that oil
oil spills would
would not pose
significant
significantdirect
direct threats
threats to
are
to these
these sites
sites because
beeausethey are
upland of
of the high tide
tide line. Efforts
Efforts to reach
reaehcontaminated
contaminated
a
r e a s could
p o s s i b l e erosion
c o u l d cause
areas
e a u s e trampling
of
t r a m p l i n g and
a n d possible
e r o s i o n of
important sites, however,
however, and
important
and itit would
would be
be valuable
valuable to
to have
have
more aeeurate
accurate information
information regarding their locations.
locations.
GO78l.l
GO781.l
-24-24-
3.
3.
Oregon State
State University
Center
University Marine
Marine Science
Scienee_Center
This
This unique
uniquefaeility
facility and
and the
the natural
adjacent to
to it
natural preserve adjacent
are highly
highly important
important to
to the
the state
and to
to the city
state of
of Oregon
Oregon and
Newport. There
of Newport.
of
is aa definite
There is
having aa
definite advantage
advantage to
to having
f a e i t i t y ssuch
u c h aas
s tthis
facility
h i s near
near a
a spill
s p i l l site,
s i t e , since
s i n e e highly
highly
trained
trained scientists
be available
to do
seientists would
related
do spill
spill related
would be
available to
studies.
studies.
On the other
On
other hand,
hand, a spill
spill could
eould also
also cause
eause
tremendous
tremendousdisruption
disruptiontoto the
the center by
by contaminating
eontaminating its
supply of
of bay
bay water
water thereby threatening
threatening the existence
existenee of the
perhaps ruining various
marine
marine aquaria
aquaria and
and perhaps
various laboratory
projects. Experiments
projects.
Experimentsbeing condueted
conducted in
in the bay could
could also
also
be threatened.
threatened. The loss
loss of money
and time
time assoeiated
associated with a
money and
disaster could
spill disaster
eould be very substantial.
substantial.
4.
4.
Marinas
Marinas
A
number of boat
boat marinas
A number
marinasexist
existalong
alongYaquina
YaquinaBay
Bay ranging
ranging
from the extensive
several
from
along the
the bayfront
extensive complex
eomplex along
bayfront to several
small boat basins.
small
basins. There
There is
question but
is no question
but that
that oil
in
oil in
these basins
basins would
require
would affect
affeet many
wouldrequire
many boats
boatsand
andwould
extensive cleanup.
extensive
cleanup. In the case
easeof
ofSouth
SouthShore
ShoreMarina
Marina and
and
Newport Harbor Marina, booming the entrances
entraneesas
asrecommended
reeommended
ro te et the boats
mi g h t pprotect
might
boatswithin.
within. With
W ith the
the other
other m
marinas,
ar ina s , it
it
p r o t e c t their
appears
a
p p e a r s that
t h a t llittle
i t t l e ccould
their
o u l d be
b e done
d o n e to
t o protect
fa
e i l i ti e s and
facilities
a n d customers.
eustomer s.
5.
5.
Water
Water Intakes
Intakes
There are aa limited
limited number
There
numberof
ofindustrial
industrialand
commereial
andcommercial
purposes. The
The
ventures which
which use bay
bay water
for various
variouspurposes.
water for
Marine Seience
Marine
Science Center
Center uses
uses bay
bay water
water for
for the
the aquarium
aquariumand
and
projeets. The
for the
the maintenance
maintenanceof
The
for
of various
various experimental
experimental projects.
drawn off the
water is drawn
the bottom
bottom and
andfiltered
throughthe
filtered through
thesand
sand
problems
to some
some extent. Spills of light
noproblems
tight oil
oil would
wouldcause
eauseno
for this
this system,
system, however,
however, aaheavy
for
heavysinking
sinking oil
oil could
eould create
ereate
some problems.
48
problems. The
The Center
Center has
to store
storeabout
has the ability
ability to
about48
to 72
72 hours
hours worth
of water. Longer
worth of
Longer shutdowns
shutdowns would cause
cause
problems.
serious problems.
serious
Oregon Aqua
Aqua Foods,
Foods, Ia commercial
eommercial salmon rearing venture,
venture,
draws
its rearing
rearing
draws water
water off
off the
the bottom
of the
for its
bottom of
the bay
bay for
facilities adjacent
adjaeent to the
the Marine Science
Seienee Center.
As
Center.
As
problem, but
with the
oils would
not be
be a problem,
with
the MSC,
MSC, light oils
but
would not
heavy sinking
sinking oils
oils could
enter the system
eould enter
system with
with severe
severe
no more
more
At present, they
eonsequenees. At
by for
for no
consequences.
would get by
they would
than a few
few hours
hours without
without fresh bay water.
GO781.l
GO?81.1
-25-25-
The Undersea
Undersea Gardens,
Gardens, a eommercial
commercial aquarium
aquarium venture,
venture, isis in
a
ina
bottom'
similar situation.
intake is
is located
on the
the bottom,
situation. Their
Their intake
loeated on
but could
get by for
eould be impacted
impaeted by heavy
for
heavy oils. They could get
water.
no more than 6 hours
hours without
without obtaining fresh bay water.
Georgia Paeifie
Pacific at
at Toledo also
also has a water intake,
intake, however,
however,
intrude.
it isis fresh
freshwater,
water,dammed
dammedso
so that
water cannot
eannotintrude.
that bay
bay water
It
assumed,therefore,
therefore, that
It isis assumed,
that oil
oilspills
spillson
onthe
thebay
baywould
would
problems here.
cause
here.
eauseno problems
eurrently three
growers on the
threecommercial
There are currently
eommereialoyster
oyster growers
would
bay.
bay.
As with
oil would
As
with the
the above
aboveenterprises,
enterprises, sinking oil
probably ruin
probably
ruinthe
the oyster
oyster beds
beds and
and itit appears
that little
little
appears that
the
of the
could
be done
done except
except to
to divert
divert oil
oil from
the area of
could be
from the
beds.
generally exposed
beds. The generally
exposedsites
sites would
makediversion
diversion
would make
rnadeto
difficult,
difficult, but
but all
toaccomplish
accomplish
all efforts
efforts should
should be
be made
partieularly in the
this, particularly
the case
easewhere
floating rafts
rafts are
where floating
are
utilized.
u
ti l i ze d .
6.
6.
Reereation
Recreation
Recreational aetivities
activities such
such as
fishing, clamming,
as fishing,
elamming, boating,
boating,
usage could
could be
be severely impaeted
impacted by
by a major
and beach usage
major spill
on the bay.
bay. The economic consequences
consequencestoto the
the area
area with
with
respect to tourist
respeet
tourist trade
term
tradecould
disastrousand
long term
eouldbe
bedisastrous
and long
if
resourcesremain
remain unusable
if resources
unusableor unsightly.
unsightly. Some
Some businesses
businesses
Unfortunately, little
little
would very
would
very likely
likely be
be forced
forced to
to close.
elose. Unfortunately,
eould
protectionand
could be
be done except to ensure
ensurethat
that protection
andcleanup
eleanup
proceed as efficiently
possible.
activities proceed
aetivities
effieiently as
as possible.
There are
two state
parks at
There
are two
state parks
at the
the entrance
entrance to
to the
the bay,
bay,
Yaquina Bay
Beaeh
Yaquina
BayState
State Park
Park on the
SouthBeach
the north
north side
sideand
andSouth
Park on the south
State Park
south side. A
A large spill
spill on
on the ocean
oeean at
the bay
entranee or
bay entrance
or on
on the
severelyimpact
impact
the bay
bayitself
itself could
couldseverely
parks by
by making
making the
those parks
unusable
thebeaches
beaehes
unusablewhich
whiehwould
would
further impact
further
impaet the tourist
tourist industry.
industry.
7.
7.
Log Storage
Storage
From
From about
about river
river mile 11.3 to
to about
about river
river mile
mile 15,
15, there
there are
(see Resouree
extensive
extensive rafts of stored
Resource Chart
stored logs
logs (see
Chart in
pocket). Oil
these logs
Oil eould
could eoat
coat these
logs and
and would
would have to be
be
cleaned
eleaned off before
before they
incurring
they could
could be used,
used, thus incurring
eonsiderableexpense.
considerable
expense. Little
Little could
to protect
protect them,
eould be done to
protective oil
but the
oil
the log
log booms
boomsthemselves
themselvescould
eould be used
used as protective
other areas
booms and
and thus
thus proteet
protect other
areassuch
DepotCreek
suehas
asDepot
Creekand
and
011ala
Creek.
Ollala Creek.
G
O78l.l
G0781.l
-26-26-
IX.
IX.
POTENTIAL FOR SPILLS
SPILLS
POTENTIAL
A
A..
Road Spills
R o a d s pparallel
arallel m
u e h oof
f tthe
h e bay
Roads
much
b a y and
p o s s i b i l i t-eould
y for
a n d the
t h e possibility
f or
transportation
present. Such spills could
transportation aeeidents
accidents is
is always
always present.
severely
severely impaet
impact loeal
local areas
areas sueh
such as the marshes
adjacent to
to the
marshesadjacent
roads.
roads. Cleanup and
measurescould
and proteetion
protection measures
eould be
be employed
employed on a
more
more local
loeal basis
basis using
using the resource
proteetion charts
resouree and
and protection
eharts
presentedhere.
presented
here.
The
yaquina River and
road spill
spil occuring
The possibility
possibility of
of a road
oecuring in
in the
theYaquina
and
then
washing into
then washing
into the
the bay also exists, and
in fact
andin
faethas
hashappened
happened
past. In
in the past.
in
In most cases,
eases,the
thelower
lower river
river isisslow
slowmoving
movingand
and
presents
good oil
prospects. If
presents good
oil booming
boomingprospects.
If the
the response
response is fast
fast
enough, significant
signifieant problems
problems might be avoided
enough,
avoided by containing
eontaining the
oil
before it
it reaches
reaehesthe
themore
moresensitive
sensitive resources
oil before
resouiees of
of the
the bay
bay
i tse l f.
itself.
B.
B.
ShippingSpills
Spills
Shipping
In the
the last
last 44 to
to5 5years,
years,little
In
Iitileshipping
shippingactivity
aetivity-ships
oecurred
has occurred
in Yaquina
Yaquina Bay.
Bay. Aside
some
Aside from
from 22 or 33 large
large lumber
lumber ships and
and some
lumber
lumber barge movement, most activity
aetivity has
hascentered
centeredaround
around the
the
eommercial fishing
extensive commercial
fishingboat
boat traffie.
traffic. There have
beenno
no
have been
eommercial oil
shipments for
years meaning
meaning that
commercial
oil shipments
for several
several years
that the
the size
size
o! an
an oil
oil spill
spill ininYaquina
YaquinaBay
Bay is
is limited
of
limited by
by the
thefuel
fuelcaçiacities
eapacities
the various
variousships
of the
shipswhich
whieh utilize the
the area.
area. The largest
largest fishing
fishing
boats and tugboats
tugboats have fuel capacities
101000
eapaeitiesthat
that range
rangeup
uptoto10,000
gallons and
lumber ships
gallons
and the lumber
ships have
have capacities
eapacities of
ol up to
to 50,000
50,000
gallons; The majority
gallons.
majority of
of the boats,
boats,however,
than500
500
however,carry
earryless
lessthan
gallons.
gallons. During
During the
the last
last 20 years, there
there have
havebeen
beenno
no major
major
spills but
but minor
minor spills
spills usually
usually associated
have
with refueling
refueling have
assoeiated with
been
been - fairly
fair^ly frequent occurrences.
oeeurrenees.
Environmental damages
dCmages
Environmental
thesespills
spills are
resulting from these
documented.
arenot
notdocumented.
A
signifieant ehange
A significant
change inin this
this pattern of
of activity
aetivity is
is anticipated
antieipated
by the
Port of
by
the Port
ofNewport.
Newport. In
In June, 1982,
is
the first
first of
1982, the
of what
what is
planned to
be semimonthly
semimonthly log
planned
to be
log shipments
shipmentsleft
left Newport
Newportharbor.
harbor.
These ships
These
ships are
are about
feet in
about 550
loads
550 feet
in length
length and
have fuel
fuel loads
and have
mayexceed
exeeed50,000
that may
gallons. Should
501000gallons.
should this
beeome a regular
this become
regular
p l a n n e d , the
a
e t i v i t y as
p o s s i b i t i t y oof
activity
a s planned,
t h e possibility
f a
a large
l a r g e oil
o i l spill
spill
oeeurring in
Yaquina Bay
occurring
in Yaquina
Baywill
willbe
be somewhat
somewhatgreater
greater than
than itit has
has
previously.
been previously.
passage will
Still the low
low frequency
frequeney of
of passage
m i n i m i z e tthe
p o s s i b i l i t y of
h e possibility
minimize
o f collisions
e o l l i s i o n s or
o r other
o t h e r accidents.
accidents,
Furthermore,
Furthermore, since
since no
no refueling
refueling of
of these ships
ships will
the
will occur,
occur, the
ehancesof
chances
of a major oil
oil spill
spill aecident
accident are
are still
still fairly
fairly low.
Iow.
G078l.l
GO78l.1
--2727-
The
for shipping
shipping in
The future
future for
is uncertain.
in Yaquina
Yaquina Bay
Bay is
Both the
uneertain. Both
possibilities
Newport and
of Newport
Toledo are
looking at
variouspossibilities
Ports of
and Toledo
are looking
at various
for developing
developing increased
inereased shipping traffie.
for
traffic. Under consideration
consideration
grain terminal
are aa grain
eargo
are
terminal and aa terminal
for refrigerated cargo
terminal for
vessels.
Shoulddevelopments
vessels. Should
passageof
developments oeeur
occur whieh
which increase
increase the passage
large ships
ships in
in the
spills will
large
Bay, the
the_.Ba_y,
for large
lalgg oil spills
the chances
ehances for
increase
eorrespondinglyand
plan
increase correspondingly
andthe
the needs
needs identified
identified by
by this plan
on increasing
inereasingsignificance.
will take on
significance.
will
c.
C.
Spill
Sites
pill Sites
port of
The
The log
log ships described
describedabove
abovewill
willbe
be docking
dockingatat the
the Port
of
NewportrsTerminals
about
Newport's
TerminalsI 1and
and22loeated
located on
on the
the north
north shore at about
Mile 2.
River Mile
2. Presumably spills
spills would
would be
be most
most 1ikely
likely to occur
oeeur
in the dock
doek area and in the
in front
front
in
area
from
the
turning
the area from the turning basin
basin in
of
the
terminal
wharves
downstream to
moulh of the
Bay.
of the terminal wharves downstream
to the mouth
the Bay.
The
and
spill and
The lower
lower Bay
Bay would
wouldthus
thusbe
be impaeted
impactedf first
by a spill
irst by
response
respo*se aetivities
activities will
will be concentrated
there.
concentrated
as
Areas such as
Sally's
Sallyfs Bend
partieularly susceptible
Bend would
would be
be particularly
under these
these
suseeptible under
circumstanees. Dependingon
circumstances.
physieal
on the
the various climatic
andphysical
elimatic and
conditions associated
possible that it
conditions
assoeiated with the
the spill, it is possible
would be
would
be more
more appropriate
appropriatetoto try
try to contain
contain the
the oil
oil in
inSally's
Sallyfs
r o t e e t tthis
B
e n d rrather
plan
a t h e r tthan
h a n pprotect
sensitive a
t h e plan
Bend
area
h i s sensitive
a s the
r e a as
suggests. A
suggests.
deeision
of
this
type
could
only
be
made
A decision of this type could only be made after
after a
careful
careful evaluation
evaluation of the
the environmental
environmental consequences.
eonsequenees. If
isolating
oil in
in Sally's
isolating the oil
SallyrsBend
Bend would
ensure proteetion
protection of
of the
would ensure
the
justif iable .
rest
of the
the Bay,
Bay, then the
A
rest of
the decision
deeision might
might be
be justifiable.
trained
biologist
must
be eonsulted
trained
consulted in
in deeisions
decisionsof
of this
this nature.
Should the
the Port of
activity,
Toledodevelop
of Toledo
develop some
some major
major shipping activity,
then aa large
largespill
spill could
potentially occur
eouldpotentially
occur anyplace
anyplace in the
the Bay
Bay
and response
responseaetivities
activities will
will have
have to
to be
according to
becoordinated
eoordinatedaccording
specifie site
the specific
site locatjon.
location. Again
Again difficult
difficult decisions
decisions will
will have
have
to
be made
made as
as to
to whether
whetherto
to be
to allow
in
allow contamination
eontamination of
of one
one area
area in
proteet other areas.
order to
to protect
areas.
X.
x.
AVAILABLE OIL
OIL SPILL
SPILL EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENTAND
AND EXPERTISE
EXPERTISE
A
A..
E q u i p me n t
Equipment
A comprehensive
comprehensivelisting
A
listing of
of the oil spill
spill response
responseequipment
equipmentwhich
whieh
presently available
is presently
isis
available at
at the
the various
various Oregon
Oregon coastal
eoastal ports is
given in Appendix
Appendix A.
A.
Although itit appears to be
Although
be an
anextensive
extensive
amount of
material, close
eloseexamination
of material,
examinationreveals
minimal
revealsthat
onlyaaminimal
thatonly
a mo u n t oof
f th
i s equipment
e q uipmentis
amount
this
is loeated
located in
in the
the Newpor
Newportt ararea.
ea. A
A spill
s pi l l
of any
any significant
signifieant size
of
size would,
would, therefore,
therefore, require
thatresponse
response
require that
gear be air-lifted,
air-lifted, trucked,
trucked,and
andboated
boatedininfrom
gear
fromthe
theCoos
coosBay,
Bay,
Astoria and Portland areas.
areas. The lag
gettihg
lag time associated
associatedwith getting
this
material on-scene
on-seenewill
this material
will seriously
serious-lyhinder
hinder the
suceessifof any
the success
any
response effort.
response
effort.
Exeept
gear which
Except for
for that
that gear
air-lifted
whieh can be air-lifted
in, it's
itrs likely
likely that
least one
one6dhour
that at least
hourtide
cycle will
tidecycle
will have
have
elapsed
before most
most of
of the
elapsed before
equipment
thenecessary
neeessary
equipmentand
erewscan
canbe
be
andcrews
on-seene, During this
on-scene.
this time, considerable
environmental
eonsiderable
environmentaldamage
damage
could occur.
occur.
GO?81.1
G0781.l
-28-28-
The small volume
presentlyusing
Bay
volume of shipping
shipping traffic presently
YaquinaBay
usingYaquina
and
the stockpiling
stockpiling and
diffieult to justify the
will make
make it very
very difficult
sufficient to
to
maintenence of
of aa volume
of expensive
equipment sufficient
volume of
expensiveequipment
will
Hence
the response
response lag will
Hence the
respond to
to aa major
respond
major oil spill.
Newport
the Ports
eontinue to
of Toledo
Toledoand
andNewport
continue
to be
be a reality. Should
Shouldthe
Ports of
very
traffic, then very
shipping traffie,
proeeed
plans to increase
inerease shipping
proceed with plans
sto^ek
serious consideration
must be
be given to developing
such a stock
developing sueh
eonsideration must
f acilities for
particularly critical
if facilities
pile.
eritical if
This would
This
be particularly
would be
refueling eargo
In the
the meantime,
refueling
cargo ships are ever
everdeveloped.
developed. In
meantime,
prevention
emphasize
perhaps the
piaetical approach
perhaps
the most
prevention
approaehisistotoemphasize
most practical
quiek
practiees and
through
appropriate inspeetion
inspection and
and safety
safety practices
through appropriate
and quick
spill
spills at the spill
eontain spills
response with
with limited
limited equipment
equipmenttoto contain
site before they get out
out of
eontrol.
of control.
B.
B.
Expertise
Expertise
personnel must be trained to
To be
To
be effective,
effeetive, oil
oil spill
spill response
responsepersonnel
Moreover,
effieiently - Moreover,
and efficiently.
use their
equipment appropriately
appropriately and
their equipment
they
and anticipate
anticipate the
the reaetions
reactions of
of oil
oil in
in the
they must understand and
people are in
Portlandt
in Portland,
Since most
most of
of the
the trained people
environment.
environment. Since
has been
the
the response
been
It has
response lag will be
be felt
here as
as well.
f elt here
police, firemen,
firemen,
people such
as police,
sueh as
suggested
that perhaps
perhaps local
loeal people
suggqsted that
n the
initial
t h e initial
ffishrmen
i s [ e r m e n and
N a t i o n a l Guard
G u a r d could
a s s i s t iin
a n d National
e o u l d assist
goodway
way
beaagood
appropriate planning
planning this
this may
may well
well be
response.
respqnse. With
With appropriate
e0mpensatefor
to compensate
f or Yaquina
YaquinaBay's
Bay's relative isolation.
isolation. Training is
absolutely necessary,
necessary, however,
however, and
and itit eosts
costs time and money.
money. AA
absolutely
strortg
area
strong commitment
have to
to be made
made by
by the
the people
people of
of the
the area
eommitment would have
eapability.
responsecapability.
to develop
sueh a response
develop such
C.
c.
Other
Othef Resources
Resourees
VaquinaBay
An extensive
An
set of
of Yaquina
slides of
of the
thevarious
variousparts
of slides
pa-rts_g{
4xtensive set
-pqV
Wildlife
Fish
and Wildlife
U.S.
was
the
cooperation
of
the
U.S.
Fish
and
of
cooperation
through
was taken through
-
of
offiees of
This slide
slide file
file is
is available
at the offices
Servieein
available at
Service
in 1981.
1981. This
response
by
the
use
the Department
for
use
by
the
response
EnvironmentalQuality
of Environmental
Departmentof
Quality
team.
team.
XI.
DATA
NEEDS
DATA NEEDS
Yaquina Bay
Bay has
has been
been extensively
extensively studied
studied due
due primarily to its
The
Center. The
Science Center.
proximity,
to Oregon State
State University's
Marine
Science
proximityr to
Marine
University's
more than
than
be more
available
informationon
on natural
natural resources seems
seems to
to be
available information
on
data on
the other hand,
hand, data
needs. On
On the
adequate for
for oil
responseneeds.
oil spill
spiltresponse
very
physical processes,
veTy
velocities, is
proc€ss€se particularly
particularly tidal current
physical
eurrent veloeities,
is
abitity to
(iee Table
our ability
severely restricts our
l), and
and this
ttiis severely
limited (see
Tabld 1),
National
prediet oil movements.
Coincidentally,
accurately
movements.
Coineidentally, the National
aecurately predict
be
will be
Surveywill
OeeanSurvey
Oceanic
NationalOcean
Administration'sNational
AtmospherieAdministration's
Oeeanicand
and Atmospheric
of
conducting
current velocity
velocitystudies
studiesinin Yaquina
YaquinaBay
Bay-i.4
inthe
the fall
fall of
eondueting curren[
present
fiII
the
should
survey
1982,
and
the
data
obtained
from
that
survey
should
fill
the
present
from
obtained
lg82r.and the
be
will be
the information
informationfrom
from this
this survey
survey isis available itit will
gaps. When
gaps.
When the
appended
to this report.
appendedto
G078l.l
G
O?81.r
-29-29-
XII. SUMMARY
SUMMARYAND
ANDCONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
currently
thecurrently
all the
This
Thts report
report represents
eonsolidate all
to consolidate
represents an attempt
attempt to
oil
available information
on Yaquina
Baywhieh
whichmight
mightpertain
pertaintoto an
an oil
Yaquina Bay
information on
available
guidelines for
provide guidelines
whose
for those
thosewhose
spill
spill response
r€sponse situation
to provide
situation and to
response related
related
complex, response
deal with the complex,
responsibility it is to deal
responsibility
fqitly
assumed to be
provided is
be fairly
activities.
The information
information provided
is assumed
aetivities.
The
veloeities
eurrent velocities
major exeeption
exception isis tne
the data on tidal current
complete.
complete. The maJor
which
is limited
limited by
by the small number of
of aetual
actual field
field measurements.
measurements.
whieh is
charts
two large charts
plan is
proteetion plan
The core
core of
of the protection
is contained
eontained on the two
The
(in
poeket) which
resources
(in the back
the important
important vulnerable
vulnerableresources
back pocket)
depiet the
whieh depict
sensitive
the sensitive
one ehart
chart the
proteeted. On
On one
and how
they might
might best
best be protected.
and
how they
prioritized according
aecording to
resourees are located,
resources
loeated, briefly
deseribed,and
andprioritized
briefly described,
seeond
importanee. On the second
relative importance.
their seasonal
and relative
seasonalsensitivity
sensitivity and
and
points, suggested boom
boom sites,
sites, -and
chart, boat launches,
launches, access
aeeesspoints,
provides
narrative provides
extensive narrative
diversion
locations are depicted.
depicted. The extensive
diversion loeations
prioritiest
resoureepriorities,
explanatory information
informationon
onhow
howtotouse
usethe
the eharts,
charts, resource
proeesseswill
effeet
will effect
physieal processes
appropriate proteetion
protection measures,
how physical
measures, how
appropriate
oil
movement, recovery-cleanup-removal
impaet
oil movement,
methods,how
how oil
oil will
will impact
reeovery-cleanup-removalmethods,
-spill
poteniial for
available spill
and available
for oil spills
spills' and
th; potential
natural resources,
resourees, the
personnel.
response
responseequipment
equipmentand
and personnel.
sinee all
all
The booming
schemerepresents
represents an
an ideal
ideal response
situation since
booming scheme
responsesituation
for booming.
booming.
indicated for
proteetion is desirable
places
are indieated
desirable are
places where
where protection
the
loeation, the
During aetual
spill, its location,
During
actual spill
spill eonditions,
conditions,the
the size
size of
of aa spill,
faetors
important factors
allbe
will all
beimportant
type of
etc., will
oil, weather
type
of oil,
eonditions, etc.,
weather conditions,
several
Yaquina Bay -several
determining what can and
in determining
and should
should be done.
done. In Yaquina
partieularly
response particularly
problems
make oil spill response
problems exist which
whieh will make
diffieult.
difficult. These
These are:
are:
1.
l.
The
make
The tidal
tidal action and
its associated
tidal currents
eurrentswill
will make
and its
assoeiatedtidal
may
a n d may
protecting
i m p o s s i b l eand
p r o t e e t i n g some
. n e a r l yimpossible
s o m e locations
l o e a t i o n s nearly
necessitate frequent
neeessitate
frequentmovement
movementof
of oil
oil boom.
boom.
2.
2.
and
e e q u i p m e n tand
There
o f oil
s p i lresponse
l r e s p o n sequipment
T
h e r e is
is a
a lack
l a e k of
o i lspill
materialswill
expertise in
in the
will
the local
loeal area
whiehmeans
meansthat materials
areawhich
eonsiderable
resultininconsiderable
will result
have to
to be
in and
this will
have
brought in
and this
be brought
llost
o st time.
ti me .
3.
natural
Extensive areas
areas of
Extensive
exposed natural
highly sensitive
sensitive and
and exposed
of highly
very
will be very
Bay and
and these
these will
Yaquina Bay
resources exist in Yaquina
resourees
proteet even
difficult to protect
diffieult
the best
of conditions.
conditions.
evenunder
under the
bestof
is
present time
time is
The
probabilityofof aa major
at the
the present
happening at
The probability
major spill
spill happening
above
seopeof
of the
the above
fairly low, however,
fairly
oeeur the
the scope
however,should
shouldsuch
event occur
such an event
would
resoureeswould
proteetingall
Baytsresources
problems is
is such
YaquinaBay's
a1lofofYaquina
such that
that protecting
physically impossible
be physically
would
disastrous.
impossible and the
the consequences
eonsequenees
would be disastrous.
provide
to provide
meantto
Although
this plan
plan eannot
cannot solve
solve these
these problems,
problems, itit isis meant
Although this
information
guidelines so
making
information and
and guidelines
diffieult decision
deeision making
so that the difficult
assuring that
proeess will
therebyassuring
consuming,thereby
process
lesstime
time consuming,
easier and
and less
will be easier
proceed in the
manner
the response
most efficient
response ef
the most
ef ficient manner
effort
fort will proceed
possible.
possible.
G078l.l
G
O 7 8 I.l
- 30-30-
XIII.
xru.
RECOMMENDATIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS
theresponse
response
is strongly
redueethe
madeto
to reduce
It is
that efforts be
strongly recommended
recommendedthat
bemade
ofnecessary
neeessary
arrival of
the arrival
spill and
and the
time
the occurrence
of a spill
oeeurrence of
time between
between the
the
personnel. The local community
investigate the
eommunity should investigate
equipment and personnel.
equipment
gear
providing more
resPonsegear
more response
peopleand
andproviding
feasibility
loealpeople
feasibility of
training local
of training
addit-iont
l-ag. In
general area
responselag.
the response
in the
the general
deereasethe
area to
to decrease
I" addition,
simulated oil
by conducting
6ondueting a simulated
obtained by
valuable information
information could
could be obtained
valuable
system.
responsesystem.
spill
the coastal
eoastalresponse
exereisethe
spill on the Oregon
coast to
to exercise
Oregoneoast
traffie
shipping traffic
ofshipping
thevolume
volumeof
materialchange
ehangeininthe
In the event
In
event that
that aamaterial
will be
be absolutely
absolutely essential
oeeurs in Yaquina
actions will
occurs
Bay, the above
Yaquina Bay,
above actions
maintained.
to be
bemaintained.
are to
resoureesare
natural resources
if
thebay's
of the
baytsnatural
if the
the integrity
integrily of
review and
and
present situation
neeessitateaa review
A change
A
in the
ehange iil
would also necessitate
ttie present
situation would
possible update
possible
update of
of this
this document.
doeument
the
through the
present,prevention
preventionof
emphasizedthrough
shouldbe
beemphasized
spillsshould
For the present,
ofspills
praetiees.
inspection practices.
andinspection
safely, and
of appropriate training,
training, safety,
use of
G
GO781.l
O?81.1
-31
-31 --
Xlv.
xlv.
l1..
REFERENCES
REFERENCES
Akins,G
J . Coastal
CoastalWetlands
Wetlandsof Oregon. AANatural
Akins,
G.. J.
NaturalResource
ResourceInventory
Inventory
to the
August
theCoastal Conservation and Development
Commission. August
Report to
mentCommission.
p . 190.
1
97 3 ,p
1973,
pp.
190
2
2..
B a y e r' R.
R . D.
D . Intertidal
Bayer,
I n t e r t i d a lShallow
S h a l l o w -- Water
F i s h e sand
W a t e r Fishes
a n d Selected
Seleeted
Macroinvertebrates
in the
theYaguina
Macroinvertebrati in
University, August 1979.
Estuary, Oregon.
Oregon State
State
3.
3.
Beaehes and
Beaches
and Dunes of
of the Oregon
Oregon Coast.
Coast.
4.
4.
Beekham, S.D., and
D. L.
andD.
L.Hepp,
Hepp,Historical
Iliqtoriealand
Aqqheologieal
Beckham,
Resources
andArcheological
Resourees
USDA Soil
USDA
Soil Conservation
Conservation
Service. Oregon
Service.
CoastalConservation
Conservationand
Comm iss i on.
Oregon Coastal
andDevelopment
DevelopmentCommission.
M
a re h 1975,
p p . 161.
1 9 7 5 ,pp.
March
16l.
of the Oregon
Oregon Coastal
Coastal Zone.
Zoi6.
Oregon Coastal Conservation and
Development Commission, September
m ber1974,
t{ f + , pp,
41.
pp. 41.
o
5..
Bur_ley,B.,
B. , Critical
CritiealSpecies
Speeies
HabitatsofofOregon's
B
Burley,
and
Coastal
andHabitats
CoastalBeaches
Oregonts
Dunes.
and Dunes.
Oregon Coastal Zone Management Association, Inc.
May 1979, p'p.
pp. 91.
st.
@,
6
6..
W.-V.,
V., Flushing
Flushingof
of Pollutants
Pollutantsin
in the
Burt, W.
theYaguina
River Estuary.
Estuary.
laquina River
?911'
Offiee
Nava Research.
Office of Naval
Project NR 083-102. Technical Report
N
o. 1A,
l A , April
No.
A p ri l 1956,
p p . 24.
1 9 5 6 ,pp.
24.
7.
7.
p . LeBoff,Versar,Inc.,Handbook
B y r o a d e ,JJ.. D
. , A.
A . M.
M . TwedellandJ.
T w e d e l l a n d J .P.
Byroade,
D.,
L e B o f f , V e r s a r rI n e . , H a n d b o o k
Oil Spill
Spill Protection
Proteetionand
andCleanup
CleanuoPriorities.
Priorities. U.S. Environmental
Envir6iffiEl
for Oil
Protection Agency. Cincinnati, Ohio, 1981, pp. 134.
34.
8.
8.
Callaway, R.
D.T.T.Specht,
Callaway,
R. J.J. and
Dissolved
Silicon
Dissolved
Vggglna
andD.
Specht,
Silieonin
in the
theYaguina
Estuary, Oregon.
(Notesand
Oregon.(Notes
Estuary,
andDiscussion)
DiseussionU.S. Environmental Protection
A g e n e y, Corvallis,
pp. 15.
C o rva l l i s,Oregon,
Ore gon,1978,
Agency,
1978,pp.
15.
9.
9.
c a l l a w a y, RR.
. 3.
J. and
a n d G.
G. R.
R.Ditsworth
Ditswor thand
Callaway,
andD.
D. T.
T.Specht,
specht,Notes
Notesand
and
yaquina Estuartr.
Discussion, .Tyr,gidity
Turbidity Maximum
in the
the Yaguina
Estuary, Oregon.
U.S.
Orag6i;-[fS
!)isqussion,
l,Iaximum in
u nvl ro n me n ta lP
ro te cti onAgency,
Ageney,Corvallis,
Environmental
Protection
1978,
cor vallis, Oregon,
pp.
or egon, lg7g, pp. 15.
15 .
t0.
10.
Callaway, R
. , G.
R .Ditsworth
D i t s w o r t hand
Callaway,
R.. J3.,
Runoff
G . R.
Salini
a n d D.
D . L.
L . Cutehin,
Cutehin, Salinity,
and Wind
Wind Measurements
Measurements Yaquina
Yaguina Estuary,
Estuar
Oregon,
on April 1967 October 1968. Working Paper No. 70. U.S. Department
p a r t m e n t of
o Interior
erlor
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Northwest
Northwest Region,
Region,
Corvallis, Oregon, March 1970, pp 42.
11.
11.
OisPosatof_Alt
Debris Resulting
Disposal
of Oil and Debris
Resulting from
from a Spill
Sp Cleanup Operation.
Farlow/Swanson (editors). ASTM STP 703. 1980.
L
2.
12.
nProduction Ecology
E i l e rs, H
Eilers,
H.. Peter.
P e t e r . "Production
Ecologyinin an
an Oregon
Oregon Coastal
Coastal Salt
Salt
M
arsh .tr Estuarine
Marsh."
( I 9 ? 9 ) . ppp.
Estuarine and Coastal
p . 8,
Coastal Marine
Marine Science,
Seienee, (1979).
8 , 399399-
4 I 0.
410.
G
G078l.l
O?8l.l
- 32-32-
Ham
and Ham
prepare! by
by Wilsey and
Cg.ast.prepared
Estuarine Resources
of the Oregon
Oregon Coast,
Re5oureesof
Commission
t
Development
Commission,
OevetoPment
nd
Inc. for the Oregon Coastal Conservation and
p
p
.
233.
S e p te mb e r1974,
1 9 7 4 , pp. 233.
September
Basin
Biver Basin
Columbia River
gaPabilf!&q-9n-lhe
Clean-up Caoabilities
Oil Clean-uD
of Oil
on the Columbia
Evaluation of
1 4 . Evaluation
14.
by
the
Oceanographic
U. Coast Guard
§ystem,
forr the
the U.S.
S vste m. prepared
D re'frashington,
p a re d fo
1978.
November1978.
6f Washington,
Institute of
November
fistiTufe
Basielooff Oil
StevensonrThe
B. Stevenson,
9i l
G. B.
and G.
Duval and
S .Duval
M. FF.,
W. S.
., W.
Fi n g a s, M.
1 5 . Fingas,
15.
The Basics
Canadat
Environment
Canada,
Environment
Serviee,
ProteetionService,
EnvironmentalProtection
Spill
Cleanup. Environmental
Soiit iteanup.
13.
13.
#
p . 155.
155.
1 9 7 9 ,p
1979,
pp.
1
6.
16.
T'
S. T.
M yels and S'
C'Myers
Fly- nnt C.
M . J.
J.Flynn,
Frolander,
Miller,
S.S.
Miller , M.
C . B.
B.
-Cyeter
Fro l a n d e r, HH.
. FF.,
.r C.
of
t?.
17.
Yaguina By
C ' Walters,
W a l t e r s 1970-71
tW
a n dC.
O s i sand
L . Osis
Gaumer,
T.,
D e m o r V ,L.
D . Demory,
. , D.
G a u m e r ,T
in Zooplankton
Zooplankt*- Population
oi'aUundanc
Zimmerman,
Cycles of
Abundancee-in
Zi mmerman r "Seasonal
l9p^ulttion
"Sea'sonaf
(19?3)r
277-288'
21, (1973), pp.
Biology 21,
Marine Biology
PP.277-288.
Oregon." Marine
iaquina Bay, Oregon."
Yaquina
tii" Study.
Resource Use
n"rou-ro'"
UOV.
1974.
February 1974.
Oregon,February
Fish
of Oregon,
Commissionof
f iin Commission
f.oi Management.
gstuaryDevelopment
with Implications for
VIEIrgSem=elt'
Development lvittllmplicatio-4s
W., Estuary
Good, J. W.,
Liquified
Natural Gas
qas
_-Ot"gil
A Case
Gas Company's liqutftgg Natural
A
Caie Study
Study of Northwest Natural
Corvallis,
Corvallis,
Uniriersity,
Stat6
Oregon
State
University,
eay.
YaquinaBay.
(LNc) project
(LNG)
Project at Yaquina
l0?.
1 975,pp.
N o ve mb e r1975,
Ore g o n ,November
Oregon,
PP.107.
sBrdy of Three
Tid+l Study
Glenne,.Tidal
Thrqe
and B. Glenne,
Emmett and
E. W.
W. Emmett
Goodwin,
R., E.
c.C. R.,
t 9 . Goodwin,
19.
'nJtu"ti6t,
State
Oregon State
Dep_artment,
Engineering Department, -Oregon
Civil Engineer.ing_
Or"Son
Oregon Estuaries,
l9?0.
45,
May
1970.
M
ay
No. 45,
BulletinNo.
University,
Corvallis, Oregon,
or egon, Bulletin
ffi
i s,
Thebeau,
C . Thebeau,
L . C.
a n d L.
D . Getter,
G e t t e r ,and
D . D.
Domeracki C
R.,
C.. D.
D . Domeracki
. r D.
. R
G u n d l a c h , EE.
20.
2 0 . Gundlach,
Spilled
Coastal
Environments
to
Spilled
of Coastal Environments
SensitivitY of
Field Report
the Sensitivity
on the
rt on
Field
Institute
Research
Planning
Institute,
'
7TrCommonwealth
of Massachusetts.
Massaenuse
of
mmo n w
Oil
August
Inc., August 1980, pp. 19.
Sensitivity of Coastal
o.^Hgyes,
M.-0.
andM.
Gundlach,8.,
E., c.
C. D. Getter
Hayes, Fg+gilllilLglJoastal
Getterand
21.
2t. Gundlaeh,
18.
18.
dFuca and Northern
Jtian'@
of Juan
EnvironmentstotoSpilled
SpilledOiLOil - Strait
Strait of
Environments
for NOAA, South
Puget Sound.
-June Research Planning Institute, Inc.
?6.
1980' PP
Carolina,
June 1980,
pp.. 76.
-arffitu
Fti
22.
22.
and
R o b a r tand
G ' . B.
8 ' Robart
B .Willake,
- W i f f a k g r G.
G a u m e r G.
, G .B.
Hancock,
R.,
F .Gaumer,
. , T.
T . F.
. R
H a n e o e k , DD.
and
p=oPuGiioPs,Distribution,
Abg-ndange'and
btam Populations,
J.
tidal Clam
suutioal
i.- Flynn,
ilynn, Sub
Pistliuutj6n'. Abundance,
College Program
Program
Grant college
ea Grant
Ecology, May 1979, Oregon State University Sea
il"i;it,'M
243.
Ore g o n , pp.
Corvallis,
C o rva ms, Oregon,
P P.243.
23.
2
9.
24.
Map for
sensitivity Map
ule ,q!-eesource
DevelopmenJand Use
Hum, Suling,
of Resource Sensitivity
Suling, The
The Development
1977
ProceedTngs:
Canada.
onu
Countermeasures. Environment
Oil Spill
Soill Countermeasures.
Oil
105-ll0'
105-110.
Petroleum Instituter
Institute, pp.
PP'
riean Petroleum
Oil Spill Conference. American
Par r ish, Oil Spills/Oil Tanker Operations.
R. Parrish,
and
n d R.
K. a
Johansen,
Jo
h a n se n r K.
Program, University of Oregon,
Law--Programt
ResourcesLaw
Oregon Resources
S. Oregon
Report 5.
?9
19?9'pp.
Eugene,
Oregon, January 1979,
PP' 79.
EuFn% Tregon,-JanuarY
GO?81.1
G078l.1
- 33-33-
f-
25.
25.
Johnson, L.
t-. and
gr!,9
D. L.
L. Cole,
cole,AABibliographic
BibliographicGuide
Johnson,
D.
the Archaelogy of
Guideto
tolheArchaelogy
Oregon and Adjacent Regions, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon,
November 1972, pp. 41.
26.
26.
nDistribution of
Karenz, D.
and C.
Karenz,
D. and
c. D.
D. Mclntire,
Mclntire, "Distribution
Diatoms in
of Diatoms
in the
the
Plankton of Yaquina
Yaquina Estuary,
Estuary, Oregon."
Oregon.n Phycology
pp. 379-388,
Phyeology 13, pp.
3?9-388,
lg77
1977..
27.
27.
planningfor
Lindstedt
Lindstedt - siva,
June, Oil
oil Spill
spillResponse
Response
Siva, June,
Planning
forBiologically
Biologiealty
S
e n s i t i v e Areas.
Areas.
Sensitive
A
t
l
a
Atlantic Richfield Corporation, California
Proceedings:
Institute,
@
o i l S p i l l C o n1977
f e r e nOil
e e ,Spill
A m eConference,
r i c a n P e t r o lAmerican
e u m I n s t i tPetroleum
ute,
pp.
Ill-114.
pp. 111-114.
28.
28.
Lindstedt -- Siva,
S i va , June.
Lindstedt
Oil Spill Response Planning for Biologically
S e n s i t i v e Areas
A re a s in Northern Puget Sound.
Sensitive
Corporation, California, 1978, pp. 115.
29.
29.
Atlantic Richfield
poltution in A
The Biological
Biologieal Effeets
of Oil
oil Pollution
A
McCauley,
Rita N.,
N., The
Effects of
Uccauleyr. Bitq
River, State
State College,
River
College,Boston, Massachusetts, pp. 475-485.
30.
30.
3
1.
31.
S . and
S.
a n d T.
T . Wheelan,
W h e e l a n , ifi,
f f i , Accumulation
Accumulation of
Petroleum
of Petroleum
drocarbons
in
a
Salt
Marsh
Eeosvstem
hydrocarbons in Salt Marsh Ecosystem Exposed to
to Steady
State Oil
Stead State
Oil
rut. Proceedings
Proeeedingsof the
Input.
theTFixilTc
Third Coastal Marsh
arshand
andEstuary
EstuaryManagement
nagement
mp o si u m,LSU,
L S U , March
Ma rch6-7,
6- ?,1978.
lg?9.
Symposium,
M i l a n , C.
C.
Milan,
Morgan,
and R.
R. Holton,
Holton,AABibliography
Morgan, J.
J. and
Bibliographyin
in Estuarine
EstuarineResearch
Researehin
in
Oregon. Oregon
Oregon.
Oregon Estuarine
ne
Estuarine Research
Council, April 1972, pp. 141.
32.
32.
Morson,B.
ARGOMERCHANT
MERCHANTOil
Morson,
ARGO
OilSpill,
Spill,AASeientific
Scientific Assessment.
Assessment.
' The
P. J.,
{: The
Seienee
A
p
p
l
i
e
a
ti
o
n
s,
Science Applications, Inc.,
Inc., April
Apr il1979,
1929,pp. 28.
28.
33.
33.
nridal Currents
vietor T.,
currents in
Neal, Victor
T., "Tidal
in YaquinaBay.n
Bay." Northwestscienee
Scienc,
!!e-al,
V o l u m e440,
( 1 9 6 6 )pp.
0 , No.
Volume
N o . 2,
p p . 68
2 ,(1966)
6 g - 73.
?3.
34.
3
4.
paeifie Northwest
Oeean
ofofthe
OceanograDhv
the Nearshore
Nearshore Coastal
Coastal Waters of
of the Pacific
Northwest
yoss
Relating too Possible
Pollution, Volume
ume I,l,Oregon
OregonState
State University
University for
for
the Environmental
nvrronmen Protection
roteetionAgency,
the
ney,July
pp. 615.
July1971,
1971,pp.
615.
35.
3 5 . oregon's
Oregon's Estuaries.
Estuaries. Oregon
oregon Division of
of state
State Lands,
Lands,June
June1973.
lg?3.
36.
3
6.
Oregon Natural Areas: Data
Data Summary.
summary. The Oregon
oregon Natural Heritage
Heritage
@
of
Nature Conservancy,
Program
of the Nature
Portland, Oregon,
conservaney, Poriland.,
oregon, January
January1977.
lg?7.
37.
3?.
nlarvalFishes
yaquinaBay,
W.G.
G.and
andS.S.S.S.Myers,
Myers,
Pearcy,
W.
"Larval
ofofYaquina
Fishes
Bay,' Oregon:
Oregon:
fea-r_cy,
-(I)t
A Nursery
Nylsely Ground
Ground for
A
Fishes."
for Marine
Marine Fishes.n Fishery
Fishe_ry_
Bulletin.
Jgllgld
72
72 (1):
pp.
201-213,
pp. 201-213,
1974.
l9?4
38.
3
8.
p. Klingeman,
K.,
., C.
C . Sutterlin,
S u tte rlin, D. Bella,
Bella, and
and P.
Klingeman, Oregon
Or e gon
lPercy,
e r c yr- K
program,
Estuaries.
Estuaries.
sea
Grant
college
Sea Grant College Program, Oregon
oregon State
stite University,
univeF3iftlt
Corvlrllis, Oregon,
Oregon,May
Corvallis,
May1974,
1924, pp.
29al
dp. 294.
GO781.1
GO?gl.1
-34-34-
3
9.
39.
Prelim
Surv
.
e rl o r,
p
p . 23.
23.
pp.
40.
40.
the Eaologieql
of Fishand@
V.v.
---;
, November 1968t
a
G. Lewis, and
Loehr,
and-L.
L' .Loeitr'
Galvilr , .9.'
D.Galvin,
Ga reia,D.
Proctor,
J.Garcia,
C ., J.
Pro cto r, C.,
Region.
picilie=!:*i,tt
anePacific Northwest Coastal
;t
Eco1ojcal
of the
cnaraeterizdti'on
EeolosiealCharacterization
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, July 1980, Volume 4.
Yaguina
Reed, John C., An Application of a Mathematical Hydraulics to
4r'
41.
Corvallis,
Bay,
Oregon. M. S. Thesis, Oregon State University,
ffi:'8,jJ"f:'
38-40.
19?s),pp. 38-40.
Oregon, (June 1978),
drcJ-nr-ffi-e
42.
42.
PP.
Sale : Northern and
Notiee of Sale
Review and Comments on the
t!g-lProposed Notice
e (OCS) Lease Sale #53.
Continenta Shelf
Outer Continental
Central California
California Outer
andDevelopment Commission, January 30, 1981,
ivation and
Oregon Land Conservation
13.
p p . 9,
I l r 13.
9 , 11,
pp.
Rare, Threatened, and
43'
43. Sidall, J. L., K. L. Chambers, and D. H. Wagner,
Oregon
Naturar
Area Preserves
ffi
Hgffil'
I'
Endangered
Vascular
Plants
in
Oregon.
i'"'#hJ;"1'+*;,1,;,"3i,fr!3.'";
il!r?;
o e t o b e1977.
rlg??.
Advisory
Committee, October
@
44.
44.
45.'
-s
45.
46.
4
6.
47.
47.
Coastal
Witdli-fe-Egsgurees
Resources Oregon
a49 Wildlife
9r on Coastal
Thompson, Fish and
K. Thompson,
andK.
Snow, D. and
m
Development
Commission,
and
Conservatton and
Oregon
Coasfat Conservation
OreEon Coastal
Zone.
Zone.
lg74;
October 1974.
6ffi5er
Army
U.S. Army
EIS. U'S'
Basin). EIS'
(YasuinqBay
Sryra{Boat Basin).
Bay Small
South
Marina (Yaguina
BeaehMarina
Soqth Beach
'
1976.
1976
ber
Corps of Engineer District, Portland, Oregon, November
Natural
the Natural
Spill Pqotection
Protection Plan
Plan for
for the
Bruee, Oil Spill
G. Bruce,
Sutherland,
Sutherland, G.
and Willamette Rivers. Oregon
Colum
LowerColumbia
the Lower
Resources
of the
Resourees of
1979,
luty 1979,
rorrtantlt Oregon,, July
Department
Environmental Quality,
of Environmental
Qualltyr Portland,
ment of
p p . 86.
86.
pp.
Asia'
Ameriea and Asia.
North America
Pacific Coast
of North
Coastof
Tables,-ll8l.
Tidal Current
1981. Paeifie
CurrentTables,
Atmospheric
Atmospherie
and
Oeeanieand
of Commerce, National Oceanic
Oepartmei-o--mt"to",
U.S.
U.S. Department
Administrition,
Administration,
Survey.
National
OeeanSurvey.
National Ocean
u's'
U.S.
South America.
Coast of North and
west coast==of,,North
Tablelllt!
Tide
1981. West
TideTables
+merrl!:ai:
*rl9:99uth
tmosPherie
Oceanic
and
Atmospheric
Department of Commerce, National
iffico
Survey'
OeeanSurvey.
Administration, National
NationalOcean
Administration,
Statement
ImDaett Statement
nnvirgnmel$
Draft Environmental
for oraft
Appendiees fqr
Teehnical AoDendices
49.
49. Technical
in
Yaguina
Yaqulna
s
KWa
and Breakwaters
AI
Operations
a Maintenance 0 the Channels
atronsand
Portland, Oregon,
48.
48.
Bay and River.
o Engineers, For
U.S. Army Corpss of
March
l9?5.
Ma rch1975.
50.
5
0.
vv.
to
to
W ilkinsonrResearch
.Rese ar eh
P. Wilkinson,
W Blaylock,
. Blaylock, and P.
Vanderhurst,
R ., J.J.W.
va n d e rh u rst, J.J. R.,
Infauna
Investigate Effects from Prudhoe Bay Crude Oil on Intert[dal
of the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Marine Ecosystems Analysis Program,
1979. NOAA.
c o ? 8 1 .1
G0781.1
- 35-35-
51.
51.
52.
52.
53.
53.
Ve rn b e rg , FF.
. J.,
e t.al.,
Estuar yas
Nat ur al
Vernberg,
J., et.
TheThe
Dynamics
ofofananEstuary
al.,
Dynam ies
asaaNatural
Environ
U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Florida, 1977,
p p . 86.
86.
pp.
Water
Pollution by Oil. Proeeedings
Proceedings of
of a Seminar
by the
Seminar sponsored
sponsoredby
@
Institute
and
Institute of
of Water
Water Pollution
Pollution Control
Institute of
Petroleum and
Control and Institute
of Petroleum
U NWH O,EEuropean
u ro p e a nOffi
UNWHO,
Office,
ee, May
MaV1970,
l9?0, pp. 393.
Bg3.
Ecosystem.
Eeosystem.
Westree,
W e s t r e e , B.,
8 . , Biological
B i q l o g i c a l Criteria
S e l e e t i o nof
Cleanup
C r i t e r i a for
f o r the
t h eSelection
o f Cleanup
Techniques
in Salt
Salt Marshes.
Marshes. URS Research
Research Company,
1977Oil Spill
Spill
Company,1977
Iechniques in
Conference Proceedings. API..
54.
54' Y
p q u i n a 4Bay
e s o u r e e IInventory,
r e p a r e d for
nventory, p
Yaquina
Resource
prepared
f o r Oregon
o r e g o n Coastal
coastal
ay R
Conservation
1977.
Conservation and
andDevelopment
DevelopmentCommission
Commissionby
andHamm,
Hamm, 1977.
by Wilsey
Wilseyand
LI
G
G0781.1
O T g l .l
-36-36-
xv.
XV.
APPE{prcBs
APPENDICES
Appendix A.
Appendix
A. Available Oil
Oil Spill
Spill Response
ResponseEquipment
Equipment on the Oregon
Oregon Coast -1 9 8 2 . Courtesy
1982.
C o u rte syof
Coast Guard,
Guard, Portland
of the U.S. Coast
Portland District.
Distriet.
Astoria Area
Area
Astoria
1.
l.
CoastGuard
U.S. Coast
Guard - Astoria
Astoria Air
Air Station
Station -
1000tKepner
1000'
Kepner Sea
Sea Curtain
160rsorbent
boom
160'
sorbent boom
- 40# bales
bales of sweep
sweep
pads
bales3M-156
40#bales
3M-156pads
6 - 40#
22
2.
2.
Nafl Marine
Marine Fisheries
FisheriesService-Hammond
Nat'!
Serviee-Hammond-
3.
Astoria Flight Service
Serviee
4.
Knappton
Knappton Towboat
Towboat Co.
5.
5.
Standard
Oil-Astoria
Standard Oil-Astoria
-
researehvessels
vessels
2 research
Cessna172
l?2
Cessna
Piper Aztec
Aztee
Piper
PiperComanche
Comanehe
Piper
260
2G0
PiperCherokee
140
Cherokee140
Piper
1000rKepner
Curtain
1000'
Kepner Sea
Sea Curtain
pads
40#bales
bales3M
40 -- 40#
3M pads
deploymentboats
boets
2 deployment
-
55
- 40# bales
pads
bales3M
3M pads
Tillamook
Tillam
ook
1.
l.
U.S . Coast
C o a stGuard
U.S.
Gu a rd
80'
80rsorbent
sorbentboom
boom
40# bale
bale of
of sweep
sweep
1I -- 40#
40#bales
bales3M-156
pads
4 -- 40#
3M-156pads
Cape Disappointment
Disappointment
Cape
l1..
U
.S . Coast
C o a stGuard
U.S.
Gu a rd
SOt
sorbentboom
80' sorbent
boom
of sweep
sweep
1I -- 40#
40# bale
bale of
4 -- 40#
40*bales
balesofof3M-156
pads
3M-156pads
Depoe Bay
Bay
l1..
U
. S . Coast
C o a s t Guard
U.S.
Guard
80rsorbent
sorbentboom
80'
boom
sweep
1I -- 40#
bale of
of sweep
40# bale
40#bales
pads
4 -- 40#
bales3M-156
3M-I56pads
Yaquina Bay
Bay
1.
l.
Georgia-Pacific
Corporation-Toledo
Georgia-Pacific Corporation-Toledo
600r
600' Kepner eontainment
containment boom
boom
24 -- 45#
46# bales
sorbent oil
oil
bales sorbent
chips
ehips
400rsorbent
400'
sorbent oil
oil boom
boom
G0781.1
GO?8l.1
--3737-
2.
2.
3.
3.
U .S . Coast
C o a stGuard
Gu a rd
U.S.
sorbentboom
boom
80t
80' sorbent
- 40# bale
of sweep
sweeP
bale of
pads
40#bales
3M-156pads
44 - 40#
bales3M-156
1I
310
I - Cessna
Cessna310
- Piper
Turbo Arrow
Arrow
1I Piper Turbo
Cessna
s s n a CCL172
TZ
1l - C e
s s n a CCl '177
17
1I - C e
Cessna
ll7
PiperPA28
PA28117
1I - Piper
PiperPA28
l8l
1I - Piper
PA28181
Newport
Newport Aviation
Aviation
1
Siuslaw
Siuslaw River
I.
1.
CoastGuard
Guard
U.S. Coast
-
80rsorbent
sorbentboom
boom
80'
sweep
of sweep
1I - 40# bale of
pads
40#bales
3M-156pads
4 -- 40#
bales3M-156
UmpquaRiver
River
Umpgua
l1..
IInternational
n te rn a ti o n a Paper-Gardiner
l P a p e r-Gar diner
oil boom
boom
240'
sorbent oil
240rsorbent
3M-156pads
20# bales
bales3M-156
33 - 20#
Pads
2
2..
U
. S . Coast
Gu a rd
U.S.
C o a stGuard
boom
80'
80r sorbent
sorbentboom
1I - 40# bale of sweep
sweep
3M-156pads
4 -- 40#
40#bales
bales3M-l56
Pads
Coos Bay Area
Coos
1.
l.
Coos
Coos Head
Head Timber Co.
70' Acme
Acme floation
floation coral
70r
eoral
pillows
18-25#
bales 3-M
3-M 240
240pillows
18-25#bales
2.
2.
Fibrex and
ShippingCo.
and Shipping
boom
500'
Acme containment
containment boom
500tAeme
3.
3.
Georgia-Paeifie
Georgia-Pacific Corp.
Corp.
gpm
Acme
Aeme Skimmer
100gpm
Skimmer100
100'
Acme eontainment
containment corral
100'Acme
1I oil mop
mop14E
148
4.
Oregon Coast Towing
Towing Co.
5.
5.
Texaco
T e xa coInc.
In e .
boom
5000'
Kepner eontainment
containment boom
5000tKepner
200'
sorbent oil
200fsorbent
oil boom
boom
boats
deployment boats
2 deployment
48# sorbent
sorbentoil
oil swabs
swabs
oil chips
ehips
600#
sorbent oil
600# sorbent
44 - 40# bales
3M 100
100 rolls
bales3M
sweePs
126sweeps
3M 126
I?# bales
3 - 17#
3
bales3M
pads
22
22 - 20#
156pads
20# bales
3M156
bales3M
boom
500'
Kepner containment
eontainmentboom
500tKepner
200'
sorbent oil
oil boom
boom
200?sorbent
I,
G0781.l
GO78l.l
- 38-38-
6.
Standard Oil
Oil Co.
500' Kepner
500'
Kepner eontainment
containment boom
boom
pads
20# bales
bales3M-156
66 - 20#
3M-156pads
80r Conweb
Conweb sorbent
80'
sorbent boom
boom
4
4
Conweb blankets
80# Conweb
blankets
7
7..
Weyerhaeuser
Weyerhaeuser Co.
100gpm
skimmer
100
gpm Acme oil skimmer
240rsorbent
oil boom
240'
sorbent oil
boom
pillows
47#bales
4 -- 47#
bales3M-240
3M-240pillows
8.
8.
Coos Aviation
Coos
Aviation
9.
9.
B e n dAir
N. Bend
A i r Station-USCG
S ta ti o n -U SCG
-
152rs
Cessna
Cessna152's
Cessna172
l?2
Cessna
182
Cessna
Cessna182
Cessna210
Cessna
2I0
Cessna
Cessna337
33?
1000rKepner
1000'
Kepnersea
sea curtain
curtain
160rsorbent
160'
sorbent boom
boom
40#bales
sweep
2 -- 40#
balesof
of sweep
pads
40#bales
6 -- 40#
bales3M-156
3M-156pads
Chetco
Chetco River
l.
1.
Coast
Coast Marine Const.
Const. Inc.
Ine.
-
l70r
170' sorbent
sorbent oil boom
boom
gpm Acme
100gpm
Acme skimmer
skimmer
1I -- 100
2.
2.
U .S . Coast
C o a stGuard
Gu a rd
U.S.
-
boom
80r sorbent
sorbentboom
80'
1
GO781
G
O ? 8 .1
1.1
- 39-39-
40# bale
1I -- 40#
bale of
of sweep
sweep
pads
40#bales
4 -- 40#
balesofof3M-156
3M-156pads
. C
l i n a t o l o g i - c a l Data
A(ppendix
Climatologica].
A p p e n d i x BB,
Data
SEATTLE
SEATTLE
o
I
Wttt$.gov
W111mo
Bay
,
97 W WASHINGTON
A S H I N G T 0 N
A
A
II
Kelso
Kelso
LONG
VIEW
LONGVIEW
Astoria
2T
Artoda rzr
ii
29
29
- N- '
VANCOUVER
VANCOUVER
Tillamook
121
Tillemookrzr
I I
PORTLAND
)PORTLAND
OREGON
o R E CO
/
t"\
N
Newport
Newpor-t rrr
7f
LEGEND
LEGEND
t
l9
19
Y1
Bay
SCALE
N PERCENT
TME,
SCAL€ IIN
P€FCENI OF
OF TIT'€r
zz
C
EUGENE
EUGE
0
O
Reedsport
Reedsporr
'\J<
CJ
\
SPEED
SPE€O
SYMBOL
SYMEOL
North Bond
Bend rrr
n
-
o
0o
Bandon
CLASS
MPH,
Ct SS rMPr.t
|NOEX
INDEX
CLASS
MPH
C! SS (uPHr
.21
.21
4-12
lI
415
15-31
r5 . 3 1
17
3247
32
II
S
5
&,
rrrro€xiilJM6€Fs
INDEX
NUMBEPS At{o
AND SPEEI
SPEEDct-assEs
CLASSES/MPr,
MP-I
rtto€X
INDEX
(1
G
Roseb
rg
Rosebrrrg
73
50
rH€ LENGTH
tft€ WIND
THE
BARS
LErrGrh OF THE
ROS€SPEED-OIRECTCT
wtNO ROSE
SP€Eo.OtRECrlcr.
B RS
M€ASUF€O8Y
TH€ SCALE
TNOICAI€S
iH€ PERCENT
P€FCEX' OF
MEASURED
BY THE
INDICATES
THE
SCALE.
OF
nME
WINOWAS
wAs FRQM
FeCMTHE
TIME WIND
rHEDIRECTION
AtrO IN
rNTHE
tr€ 5P55Q
OIR€CI|ONAND
Se€ED
n€Pn€sErrtED
cLAss
Afr
is
CLASS REPRESENTED AN €xc€pTtor't
EXCEPTION 5 spE€os
SPEEDS oF
OF I3 MtLis
MILES
PETHOUN
PER
HOUR OR
ORLESS
LESS P€PCEN'
PERCENTOF
OFSPfgDS
SPEEDSII{INTHIS
THSFAT.GE
RANGE 5
S
SXOWTiSELOW
IH€THE
SHOWN
BELOWtH€
THEC;nCL€
CIRCLE
WIND
ROSE
AHCS
tllttD
ROS€
OFOF
rAHrr;t:S
souncEs oF
SOURCES
OF DATA
IT NECESSARY
Assrci\
oarA MADE
vAo€ rr
\€CESSARY
tc ASSIGT
TO
SUGHILY
SLIGHTLY OlrF€i€rrt
DIFFERENTSP€€D
SPEEDCI-ASSES
CLASSESia
TO lx€
THE 'A|NO
WIND PCSES
PCS€S
rX€
FIGUF€ N
ilrPARENTHESIS
THE FIGURE
PAR€NIH€SISFOLiOWING
FOttOwltlc :r€
-E STATION
STAttot
i|
m€ ls
NAME
IS AfilNoEx
AN INDEX lo
TO rli€
THEsp€Ec
SPEEDct,Ass
CLASStoR
FORrxAt
RAT srar,or.
STATON
Ar{o IS
AND
ts DEFINED
oEFrr{EDBELOW
8€LOW
RI
I
25
25
48.
LB.
r2l
3-31
i.2l
21
324.6
tzl
12)
47.
121
FOn rHrS
HAVE
FOR
THIS CLAsS
CLASS ALL
ALL STATIONS
SiArOr{S HAVE
rH€
1HE SAT'€
SAME NA'JGE
RANGE OF
OFO.3
0-3 MPX
MPH
JANUARY READINGS
NEAOINGS
JAIIUARY
JULY
RE.AOI'{GS
JULYREADINGS
CJ
C-)
q
Hr
M
EDFORD
MEDFORD
-^<
okngsw
9rookings
tl
i
-. 4-.-
52
This
This Plate
Plate uas
-as grotside,T
provided tkra-jJI1z
tl:.rctrqh
the eouytesu
courtesu of
the
of The
?lar'
The Pcr:Lard
Districv,
U.S.
Arm,, Carps
Diatrict,
i.,l
. S. Arm:t
C,;rps
of
of Er.aineers.
Engineers.
JA N U A R YAND
A N DJULY
JANUARY
SITES
J ULYWIND
W INDROSES
FCRSELECTED
ROSESFOR
SELECTED
SITES
G0781.1
G
O78l.l
-40-40-
.
t
*
?l
Fl
A
r
r
r\N(Yl
(.r or
@
Nfi
t
z
FlnF{
N6l
il
rl
tn\g
qil
ktl
6l
5l
t,
a
ln
f\(nN
rr
aa
H.f,
T\N
F|
Fl ln
6€
(')
\o
F'\
a.rl
aa
o
COI O
lq
N
or
\0
N
F{
r_{
lo
F,a
\O
(n
'\o
TF
\ol
.
(thAi
(n
ot
rn
a
CA
HI
o\ c)
{f,N
."{
o
o
H
.J
tr
t-1
Elst
El*l
A
PI
5l
HI
Hl
H
z
tr
+{
IJ
HI
tl
F{
A
FI
F
3
H
z
B
F
3
v)
a
E
v)
z
\t\o
r
O
O|J.)
N
\O F{
rn
tn
c!
@
u''t
Fl
\O
Or
r\
(v)
O\ F{
O\ -$
F{
NN
OO
n
ln
. . f
\o.$
.$
25.0
5.5
10.2
7.3
N(.l
oo
(n
!
F{
.S\ON
(fl
$
N
o16
H
- d EF{
(v'l
tttrJF{
INl{F
(n
Fl
t\ o\
tn
\0
\o
F{
3.9
3.0
.4
26.6
trl
AI
al
HI
:l
F{I
\O
.4
.1
31,
El-g
EI
81.0
20.0
5.0
Total
.$N
c)
O
Ol O
100.0
O
lF{
L)
.-{l
ol
19.0
Calm
66.4
14.6
5.5
10.2
6.9
.4
TOTAL
NW
W
SW
S
SE
E
2.9
3.0
17.5
9.1
4 - 15
16 - 31
32 - 47
zl
EI
N6l
Fl
ocl
H
dE
a
tnF{F
Fl CO .$
llllJF{
FI(v.l
Total
NE
N
(mph)
93.2
2.5
6.3
6.9
11.2
17.5
38.6
7.6
2.6
.S\gc\t
JULY
-41-
Direction
Wind Speed
.3
.3
2.0
.4
.5
.2
6.8
Calm
83.7
9.2
2.2
5.7
4.9
5.7
5.3
17.1
38.1
31,
5l
(mph)
7.6
2.4
4 - 15
16 - 31
32 - 47
SE
E
NE
N
El-9
Wind Speed
.5
.1
.2
TOTAL
NW
S
W
-:1
GO?81.l
I
\O
*ll
fl81
o 'lrl
Jldl
d:l
t||
JtrI
ca dl
E.al
otrl
kol
H'I'I
5Hl
rd o{l
(ul
| { o trI
l
o(,)l
ol
8-l
col
oot
E -tl
trol
t{ >l
oot
>al
.,gl
oul
c4dl
g'.
(u
O\g
kOr
td-r
-c oi
€<
(/)
(t {u. ^
5.1
o
Taken from Bureau of Government Research and Service, Central Oregon Coast Vol. I Physical
Conditions and Present Development, 1969, (A-6).
g.
t+{
;
o
o
t{
o
o
Reference:
Direction
B
u)
WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION. NEWPORT, OREGON (percent of tim
SW
JANUARY
0
U-
o
0
- 700
70
lrJ
uJ
G
F6
60°
4
tr
o . 5 5Q0
a.
=
2
lrl
lrJ
Ui
F
4
40°
o 3 r 30°
z
4
tl
2
t
2
L.:.IL
JAN.
FEB.
I..:.T1
(. . ,
MAR.
APR.
1..._..A
MAY
. J U I I I EJULY
JUNE
J U L Y AUG.
A U G . SEP.
SEP.
I..
OCT.
O C T . NOV.
N O V . DEC.
DEC.
MONT H
MONTH
I5'I
EiE
M E A N MAX.
MEAN
MAX.
ffi
M E A N MIN
MIN,
MEAN
AVERAGEMONTHLY
AVERAGE
MONTHLY TEMPERATURE
T E M P E R A T U RR
EA N G E-. N
RANGE
NEWPORT,
EWPORT,
1951
t 9 5 t - t1960
960
GO?81.l
G0781.1
- 42-42-
n
o
U)
UJ
II
(J
C-)
I&i
z
=
15
z
=
z
0
o
Itr
IF4
Q.
d
(J
C)
Lrj
w
(r
o.
0.
Ui
lrJ
(,
4
e,
5
Ui
trJ
[a]
JAN.
FEB.
FEB.
APR.
APR.
MAR.
MAR.
MAY
MAY
JULY
JULY
JUNE
JUNE
AUG
AUG
SEPt
SEPT
NOV.
OCT.
OCT. NOV.
Ut.L
DEC.
MONTH
MONTH
I98O
NEWPORT
N
E W P O R1951
TI 9 ' I --1960
P
N
AVERAGE
M
YR E C I P I T A T I O
A V E R A GMONTHLY
E O N T H LPRECIPITATION
G0781
G O ? 8.1
1.1
-4343
3
--
:
T
c
o
.
ll
I
lt..-'
fi
ti
ti \
\
G
.tt
1
Itz-i,
(-
..
t
,L
atui'I Areas
.icar.
:...
\\
T
and
-'
nique_,labit$,
'+
'
&-
-.t:::j::t::l:;:
t;.'a -
'"c
i
-New rtJ
1t
.cI
i
\
-
__
-HL\
//
/
-i..
-
/
/
\
- -=
_.--._ _., .
CoquWe
\4\
nt
I
:-'r -.
r.*r**l
c
-,.
I
)
/
; (
1
hOneattePoint
*
Significant Natural Area
----
/
/
Umited
tMnt
cotypes
eM
Luu Sad M.h, Sedge MaW)
,- (03
-
j
su.f
10% Oregon 'Coastal 2one)
-
-
)
\
)\
\
- -"f
iI
'/)
t/
1I',ll
I
i)
I
sQ"
\)
fK
*
(w*
n
_
Btd-Tai
-
)
jx*emeJy Limited Ecotypes
ZI(02% oriessOegonCstat-Zone)
/
).
I
\\*..
-
-
'ii
s.
'i:..' llii
1;f.
\:\\i.
"- -*----:.-., 111.
!G!IIP
!!'
-* -'i
,*-$""'ffiF+#-ffi
\i:
.
'
.
i
-
\
I
,- "
-
!
o
o
o
a
o
c.t
v
o
UI
HY(
I
1
n
o
c
Natural Resource Maps
n
LX
E
E
3
g
o
Appendix C.
-
I
41
(
¼4
!
'
\\
\
:
:::!i
;)
\,
Jr
V
/;
::
L
I,
/j
)
(,
,ç
:
f
/
(
\4\
"l-';;;::i
frffi.sl
\
'\, (i:';:-,*,,
*.,.
-."-'""
/z
i1
g
'i
-
t
-'x!Y":-
'/!
II
\\
I
7
N,
J
L
4
/
fi
ki h
S I.
/
I I
%1L$N
1
J
/
-
Sp awning
5
I
/
/
1\ \
/
\
\
\
i
-
Cotth'O
,r
and Nrsery
eas
/
\
/
r
\
TO1
/
\
/
1
Pacif
Herrng
/
/
Bay
Gobi
7;
FI
YBOYjnd Suffab Sculn
I
/A y
Enlish Sole
dTth]Sf Perth
Sf Perch
I
)
glish Sole
-
I
/1
S\
-
ol
-o
u>..
ol
@
6)
o
g
Aurf Perch
uffalo Sculn
/
-,-
N
'N
5
CL
o
/
(t,
o
o
o
obi
U'
o
.o.
'q
g-:
!t:
t
English
'
/)
Piftc Herr g (Prime)
and Buffalo
English Sole.
'i-/
- 45
Pacific Herring
-
/
/
:.
-;
a
/
o
:
2
i1,
i, o
th
--
(
5
<t
7
So
I
o
Tail Surf Perch
Kelp Greeing and Ling Cod
/
/
) '----/'
/
S
S
]
1/
;)
L
I
/
'H
:
ij
i
3
,
o
D
o
Qc
ll
it
'i-...
:
't
,i
tl$.-ui'
S
:
I
&
S
'l
I
>--
/7 j
{
(
I
T5T
'i
'
: *r* -..
'i
....1..
:,'
L
j
,
lrl
S
-I
I
l'-' ..,
f
j ;)
IrN::.%.
Ii(
/tf
l[i
,''{;
'\
1{
{\
I
ic4
dii
\r.
'
..
H\I
5i
Oi
t
l.\.
.I
'\.
I
\
,l
S
-
SIa;1\
SS
4
I
1
I
/
/
\
-'
1
i
S
L
(
i
\\/
's
JL
d
1
\
\
'1
S
I
I
t\. I
t\ii
f"
1............
',v'
t::i.
r:'i,l',
J?'N
)\'
A
,
1
..,ljt
/./
//
i'r,)
I ii$
'i
-
I
;',:/.4)..',
,,:;/
./
t)/ I'
I
5
Ei&
!
i
S
l;,',!
k
r
I
"
.
\... r :
. \:.
i'--::'-;
,\.1.,::
/i.
:l
/,\:
.,,-,*/
i'
i
f
! !I
t.
: l
\t
";iri*"'- ., , i
"\
-l'l' 'r,,.,,,'
''
S
i':
\\;--"t*1*;.l
/
rlr\l
-c\\
i:i\
I
i
"\
I
i,.
i
I
I'
l
I
:
i
l
fi\
ll
!
T&k1
D4
i
1
>
I
\
.f'
jH
I
I/j
I
\
t!1,
I
1
I
I
q
,
/
£
r
,
I
I
I
j
Ht
=
.
se
!
/
)
..S
I
I
/
'7
i'
7
j
/
/
I
:
:'
c
F
J)
/
I
r
;I:
/i,,
/
)
li
,.et
1'
/
1
'T
/
IL
:
5
/
'.
Ii
it
t
II
Ik(
ir
I
IL:
it
it
I
:L
:
d
ii
it
ç
/
)
-o
o)&
jiLc
(
l.
'*
-r,,'.
I
oo ,i
I
ii
I
*.',|+,':;'''''',n
,/':;'
i
I
'r'}'.'."
1
rsr
, I
I"'
t
1
zI
/i>1
'ILEI1L . IIJLJULIII.
I
5.
IE1
L!L.i
i
ii
.,.'.:r;-':,
l i
l
.
-. o"
'.',,'
':.
r ' ' .' .l .- i - i
'-l\
1
''\
-\." _.....^
I'
I
,1 ,
\
.i -:
r
i.I.ICJH1
''.,-. '.:
.l
;
tj1t
[1
1
i,:',,::))""'
/"
1H
[]Ll[1LJ
lFl.1 JLLJIJ
kJJIWJDUrIj1 I
I
<
I
-
'N
1
./
\
'\
i
'-7
).-.,..::-''
t::
ii
. ! l
..
.rl'
I
a'
!
")'
:
i
1½4
________
'
11
//l
/t.
/// / t
7/
\\ r(
\\\
./l:
V
:':
ii
-
lt
5.
O:
t.
-u
;'1_:
.
-
N
'-'
r5
(1\
i
I,
1A'
/J
I
r
"t
-
U,
f1
fts
a'
a)
'I
\
'
-
-
-
-
['*
-
/
'
't/
.'tit
/:
i
1iiI
,
t
-
-
1
/
/
'
,iv
1.
1
1L
\,,"\.
\l'
:-
/
0
g
K
4H
-
/
H
/1U).
-
\
/
I
1/
y
('
ir
,
tL
I
I
N
i[1'
9
Ut
-
k
,,'
I
LJFJ
1l
/AJi
/
/1[ii-
-
jç:\
/I/
-
-
;7
V/
\
1(11
1/
!)
.i
-
1
r-nr
'l
)
j . ; ' . .
Rf4
-e
i4J
W-HL
L
b
I
:
-
ç
((
2
iL'NflhiiliIUfi
1
i1;:ir
tj1][I[1[1fl[11[
1:
ij
4--
-
'
71jJ
\\]
\
-i.
t.
1
j-j-
1
7)
-
EJf]r}iJ1 EC)
g
/
1
JL
E
f1iitI1I4!
z4
/ f flI
\r1
l
('\
( I
ir
'!!2
b-"-
tIlIl1I iii1IllhIllIIP!H
4:
\
lI-S,t/
\\\
/
1
//'
/
ii
1
''
I[
,/\(4
-:'
//
'
'i'
1i
i
A
__
k-
14
',",ry
-
i
)Y-
'
,! .;_'_
// /
,);:,,"
/1 /
/
-
1
7'
I
-
1
r":
,i\
, i,, :.ir.it1.'ii,it,liiiiirln;
t--L
,*:li r
-
,
S (]
TTE$W
S
O;,,@&,,@IIffiffi
0
|
-.\.-'': ,
'T,, s;r,
a
l .ti"
d'
/r
-
J
-
.
.
1 : : rll
.
i:
:
-
'\4
}
:
Tj:;
L
//
-
,/
\
//
T; f j:J'
_
New ort
{:
J
,
itl
-p1p
ii
i
/I
.it.,i
/
I:
I
'
\
:
r
t ! -il
"li
$r
I
\
:
rF
i
'*i
),.tt,
/
Iri
-=:
I
/ 7
;;
\
d
:
(1
ill
:.;
V/
4- -
-rn-
J
.:,
/.
I'
/
.i
N
.1
\
I
4
1
-
J:
/
,
I
t*
'
:
('
RIpuan Aider
11
''.
Shore
Enteromorpha
1
\
c
5
o
of Native 'Mgetatiofl
-,
-...-
-- _IrJ;
- --------
-
--
-
-
Q
(ii)
l
I
,\
i
'i
w
i
O--4O- 'ors- 'Growth
I
Douq1os
ffi
{j
3l
o:
b
u\-
fl
l.o.i
.c
,GI
io
o,
@
6)
o
o
ii gi i
ii
Douglas Fir1O4O èars Growth
J
)
\
.
Y
.
.
I-
.At
'4
--:
q'
cID
Brown Aigae
nj1
Grassand(opc*urn1)
'
I
a
c
tO
q
,a,,,,11
{),
,i+.1t :
\
'\
Aquatic
o
t
CL
-
.d
o
-
'I
a
t\
6'
o
T
it
A
Mops
A p p e n d i x D.
V u l n e r o b l e Resource
R e s o u r c e Maps
Appendix
D . Vulnerable
50
-50-
-
S
>I
H
t1
H
PROTECTION
U)
z<
O t'l
fE
S
MEASURES
divert from
E
t{
o
,1
6
o
0
AJ
r\
I
Iu
I
I
I
I
F
tr
o
1
,{
I
I
_______
iVt__LLOLs1ough
2
1
2
N
.A
6
2
1
1
N
2
f!
.il g
1
1
2
2
2
N
C\J
'6
1
1
1
dieert Ol?34 boom 5679
divrt_01234 boom 567
2
divert 0123L
2
2_ divert 01234 boom 5679
divert 01234 boom 5679
1
1
1
:l
1
1
a\|
N
1
1
C\I
divert 012
2
o.
I
6l
ol
pl
-l
r^\l
rui
:- l
+l
trl
ql
c.- c - i
\o s l
rl
J
ft
0
ts - l
N
(\
q
E
CU
o. o,
c, c\o I
rr\ tt\
p
fv
k
o
a
O
o
o
.
flOn
CU
a
a
a
a
a
a a
'l.l
a
a
a
o
a
c
o
a
:l
.
.
$
fr
o
1
o
Ft
3
1
1
1
divert 0234 boom sloughs
q
q
3
3
1
none
q
1
o
N
1
T
N
1
2
N
.f,
!
1
2
2
"l
3
1
fU
o
.
a
S
o
o
o
O
S
a
a
o
a
a
(
.
,
a
a
a
o
@
S
a
O
a
a
a
lr
o
.
a
a
a
.
o a
o
a
a
a
o
S
o
a
a
I
a
a a
a
.
S
S
S
S
.
O
o
o
o
o
a
o
1
o
1
CU
a
a
1
2
S
F
h
Sp
17
!
.r{
C{*
sut
W
s
o
o=
16
t\
15
\o
14
rn
N
RESOURCE AREAS
10 11
12 13
9
.
.
.
7
FrI
a
a
a
a
o
o
.
6
5
Seasonal Priority
l)
a
.
.
4
x
8o,
&
gN
H-F\O
H
ta
z-'
Eu.\
.
.
3
8
o
O
a
o
oo
O O
a
a
o
o oo o
a
o oo oa
o
tr
o
o
o
a o
_Plpnkton
2
1
.
O
a
ti
o
os)
.dE
qs
d. other
)enthos
I
o
a
a
a
a
s
c)
o
0
l!dA
o
c. shrimp
-f
o
a
o
o
o
.d
b. crabs
d
oo
\O
a
b0
o
o
@
A
AE
sccs
lqo
H
OShelifish
a. clams
S
0
.
Ripsrian vegetat.
QMudflatsCperiphyt
I. Fauna
SENSITIVE
o$
ECl
,t
C)o
cl
r{
I
(2d
o
Fl
($
I
o
s
o
oo
o
rlO
t/l
I
i.\
o
Fl
..{
trF
r.'
s
!
tr
a
Flora
OEelgrass beds
acro-a1gae
Marsh vegetation
h o o o= o o
.
o
5u)
oa
.l!A
<r'l
(J9i
6
Htr
(Joo
oAt)
n
EH
BIOLOGICAL
RESOURCES
:lFt
r{
&l
River Miles-Nain Channel
0-i 1-3 3-6 6-1010-14
(,
S
14o
,Fjh
none
divert 0234
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
!
!
o
ll
j1
li
li
dol
qe
,{
qol
il
f-l
@
.A
6
or
scare, divert 01234 &
-1' n-l
Atl
r\r c\ | e I
-tr- | oi
o.o I cl
r\l.ol
eti
6-l
c--l
NI
boo' 5679
56789
divert 012k boom 1Q1j12
sol
1
2
C\,]
2
-i
1
1
Q
1
"l
1
2
0)
g
1
ol
rrl
1
oolst
>olNl
./p | -l
d
lol
tl
lpl
o
I r<l
t
I ol
o
I >l
o
I .dl
,
lot
1
scare tactics
o
Rl
1
r!
2
1
RI
2
2
N
none
ol
,<l
ol
c
;i
it:l
notify
I
!l
.ol
J
q)
I
I
1
none
booms
@l
EI
oi
4
,3i
none. utilize i
qt
4
5
boom
ol
5
_notlfy
q
5
2
n
-t
5
4
3
It
5
5
2
I "l
2
3
|r\
5
2
tn
3
5
tl
^l^l
3
^l. l ^ l
'l 'l^l
:l ^l^l l
a
a
a
a
o
a
o
r{
5
art.aqtis_______
0l
tl
(qsl
dol
a@l
1
1
1
I
a
o
a
'l
5
"l
1
N
o
a
a
a
a
o
bl
o
!
,l
nl
q JL( lI
ql ot
-l
I
S
ol
1
4
parksS
none
t:
1
P
5
5
.
a
a
i'
N
5
5
5
S
.
a
a
N
z
L
a
O
a
S
a
a
a
a
a
S
a
a
S
JyQ1234bqi_579_
cI'
crn
1
o
o
1
+
1
-
I
a
S
a
S
K
5
.
Fl
S
!<
I
a
J
H
l'
I
l'
t:
h
S
l.
rd
S
G
S
S
a
o
a
O
a
S
E
S
.
I
,l
pl
sl
oo ll
ol
'1t
"@l l
El
iol l
Q.
O'
F
D
S
.
a
.
S
S
I
I l:
.
a
.
a
.
a
a
.
l
.
o
a
.
S
a
l: l:
.l:
:l:
S
S
o
o
o
a
o
l'
l.
C
S
S
a
o
a
I
B
S
0
id
Ir
d
t
I
-5tUi
A
S
S
S
a
I
I
\o
I
\o
6-1010-14 14-
water intakes
marinas & boats
aQuaculture
log storage
fishing areas
a
.
a
a
a
3-6
I
:l:
:l:
ta
a
1-3
S
a
a
a
a
a
0-1
I
''ro
a
:l:
(0
€
tr
.4
A r'l
Zoo
<&!
!-1O
<cn
HE:
Eln
x:t
i(x
cOMMERCIAL AND
OTHER RESOURCEE
S
,
S
a
S
S
:l: :l:
S
S
___________________________________________________
a
a
a
lL
o
!
wadrg birds
shore birds
a
a
a
.:
P I;
6 d"
EriL
q.E
.,
>lE
>a{c
(4dt
S
,
'l '
'l .
,
.
>,
A
o
tr
tr
I
o
.
a
a
a
e
ra
b. non-migratory
oredotors
a
a
o
a
a
a
a
.
a
o
a
I
(ol
ol
sl
-{
-l
ol
'dl 5
kl k
ot i
tl
I
.
OBirds
3.mieratpry
S
,
I
olo
OMarjne Mammals
o
edjits
divers
1
@
o
E
Q
I
o
.
______________________________________
jflvenl lee
swimmers
a
S
a
'
a
'
5
o
tr@
trd
tro
d>
tn-
a. Salrronids
juveniles
adults
b. non-Sairnonids
\\
_________
______
)
-
I't1o'
i-
,IW
/
qrk
-
--tY
.z-(Irc
II
' +'l/,
t{..'.
t
11111!
-
ii:*
t'-:'-'
*-'
tf: ]
rrn
Aq uo
H
I
A
S.Seoch
iii
j1:__L
-I--- a
//
_I__ _
4t-
'
!4r
I
L1
i4if91
il
'If:uu
uIuUU
I
:iiii
iUUUSUI
Ii
....uu
U....
I1iI1I1F!'1'I''
Tii_P__IIIJ!J!i
! Illu:
'
-, '!
II!
IPL!
hhi_i
I
U
I!;
IAUflrI
.
IPUUUUlILUU
...............
IUUUfUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUuUUUw
(U.UUU.UUUUU..U.U..U..UU.i....0
1UUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUPUUUU
!UUNUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
i!IUIUUUU..UUUUUUUUUE?IIIU.UUUW
IIfIUUUUUUUUUUR uii.uu.ui
IUUUUUU
Id
11
u.iuuuuui
uu.'m.a
UUUUUU..U9
1 UUUUUUUU'
tI
Shellflsh
Irl
S
dU*UU
U...
oeds I
/-.*'--
Significont
nclturol
rderson
C re e k
Fish spown ng
& nursery reo s
---
.
a.
'up
-
L
t;]fr
1
t.r
++
rtn
t*t
It' t
,
'I4,
q
-
uuu
iuu
A
iuuum /
uau..w/
w
II....,
iuuuuuu
uuuuuuaui
II.u..u..ur
4UNUWJ
uuuuuauuø'
_
.
E1
II, i.
I I i
In
v
IrI
.. _.
IiIT
.1
p.- :
U.'
IHII1III 11
'
4Ii
uivauuu..0
IlAUUUUUiI
iiuuuauauuw
uuuuuuuu.ui,
mrn.rnf
muuuuaumau
.f
nuuuuuuuu.0 ai.AIW
uuuauau
uuuuuw
uauuuuu.u..
.uu.u.u..u...
.u...u.u....s
ivaua.a..a..umiv
41
$1
a
ItrE[}
+trErl
'/oar:
I
aulIIiNUulW
I
w
i
/nn=Q
I_______
:
JD['[
'lcll-lEl
J
U
U
UU
uIu
::L
I 1,
tEflt
qEru
lll[ff
Y--
I
i;r,
londing
1.
I
-LL
:rpii
liii.
I.I.I
I
j,.I,
-i I
II
I
1
/
9,
I
't
t
-
R{r*j,
I
tI
,:'**
|
%
++**
I
%
+ % 4w.&
f
'+%!
l\-
iltE:*
+"
I:
I
I
r t T?
Jo
I sl ,
ns0n
ugh
| *--^,.{.\
s:';-'^
.*-*
. r @ \ \
\
f\\%J'
Fle her
5 l o sh
/
-54-
--'l
L_______
l-
t,
,.1
/l
'
+-
Li
ii
U.
1111
U".
IPRURIIU U
!UPUUIJ
U
tlt'i
A
A
U., I
U, I
I
A'
0
'[-
:IU't
'an
Fle her
S l o sh
\
Ni
U.
hLi.uI
IIIUI
.
U..
a
a'.
1'iPL1U
.vINHI$,
aii
_-.__
- --*.,
/
flr1IuI.U.!.u-d cç%;
ii
4I
p
+
I
E=+
'I"
IL4
IIIIi.UV&\
\ 1
'vf
I
'P
1' f'
\
I
a,.
-
j
)
4
Eiiiii
4
-
c
,.i
I
I!"
11111:
uuII.
WI
1l
I
\
x\.
ill
Ii
Y%'
1!j"j ¶4d
liii! lII
p r o t e c t i o n Maps
Appendix
A p p e n d i x E.
E . Resource
R e s o u r c e Protection
Mops
57-
pcIiiTS, _tcciss
EC0t't
BOOM sI!I!,
LAJt'ici:
Lum;c: Po::TTS,
ACCESS ARIAS
AREAS
A]ID DI
DIVERSiOIi
AND
JERSiOi LOCATIOiTS
LOCA?ICI{S
LAUIIC:iPOINTS
(pub1:_c)
P0Il,r?S (public)
LAUNCH
LS
LS 11 -p a ved ramp
-- 1 llane
a n e paved
r anqr l
L S 22 -- 1 lane
LS
p a v e o ramp
l - a n e Daved
r"inp
- - South
B -S o u t h Beach
B e a c h Marina
l , i a r e n a - 4 lanes
l a n e s paved
taved
1
1
A
Li
PR]VATE MARINAS
},i}3I}fAS w/
PRIVATE
W,/ LAUNCH
LTiN,iCiiFACILITIES
FACILITIES
-- Idaho
F -Id a h o Pt.
P t, Marina
l.{ ar ina - 1' l lane
lane ramp
r enn
q -G
S a w ye rr s Landing
tandi_ng -- monorail
-- Sawyer's
r nonor ail launch
liunch
-- Piverbend
J -R i ve rb e n d Moorage
i.4oor a[e - hoist
launch
hoist launch
IBO0r.r
! { i " g h e s t priority
S I T E S : Highest
priorrty
TB0OM SITES:
** bm
**
bm 11 ----
** bm,
-bu 2 -* * * bm
-b m 3 -* * * * bm
-b n 2+
4 ---
. :****
:
-bm
bm 5 ----
* r e * * bm
-bm 6
6 --
--*
x***
** bni
fo6 7
7 --
---
t
-* * * * bm
-b n 8 -+---
x x * bm
-! m 9 --
---
**** bm 1
****bm
O-10----****bm
* * b m 11-1I - --
lrn
***bm
I Z-12--****bm
* * '!.rn ,3::
13-*
Jf.*
---
x b m iL1-*bm
14--
i ( * " 1 6 ' Tl o w e s t z r r ^ +i vnr n i *erJr *
4
lowest priority
l/r
b
o
o
m
b
o
t
h
e n d s of
o f breakwater
b r e a k w a t e r if
boom both ends
i f boom
b o o r n available
available
s t r o n g tidal
t i d a l currents
strong
currents
b
o o m breakwater
b re a kvr ater if
boom available
if boom
boom
available
'tn
!,''l^
b o o m on
o n incoming
i n c o m i n g tide
boom
t i d e - 10
rv
yds
JUD
b
o
o
m
o n incoming
i n c o m r n [ tide,
t i d e , soutA
boom on
s o u t ; side
s i d e of
b r r d g e 50
o f bridge
yds
i A yds
g o o d road
r o a d access
access
good
c u r r e n t s : _ 22.L.
. 4 fft/sec.
t / s e c . ww/8'
/ 8 r fflood,
lood, 3
currents:
3.1
f t , / s e c r , uw/S'ebb
/Btebb
. 1 ft/sec.
b o o m at
a t all
a l l times,
t i m e s , multiple
boom
r n u l t i p l e channels,
c h a n n e l s , boom
b o o m entire
w i d t h 1000
y d s . or
1 0 o 0 yds.
possible d
width
o r possible
p i l "i n
r rst si " *
i v e r s i o n at
a t pilings
diversion
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
:
_
r
B
f
l
o
o
o
,
f
t
/
s
e
c
.
1 , C ft/sec
t t / s e c w/8'ebb
currents: .8 ft/sec.
- r u iw/3'
w
i i /p8r t- eflood, 1.0
ur/5rebb
b o o m at
a t all
boom
c i i a n n e l s , need
n e e c booms
b o o r a sof
of
3 1 i - ttimes,
i n ' e i , multiple channels,
y d s , 10
5 0 yds,
y c i s , _20
50
X d s , _30
1O yds,
J O yds,
t O yds,
y
d
s
,
X d s , 10
a
n
d
y
a
s
i
O
C
j
yds,
and
100
yds
20
o o l - e s Slough
for P
s l o u g 4 entrance
e n t r a n c e and
y i l s east end
i n d ' 550
0 yds
for
Pooles
c u f f e n t s : 1.0
t v l ! t flood,
1 . 0 ft/sec.
f t / s e c . w/3'
"f r /rst e c",n aw/8'ebb
- /Brebb
currents:
f l o o d , 1.3
i . 3 ft/sec.
w
i n n n r n i n c r tide
lid^
b O O n on
O n incoming
1
5
r
r
;
.
'
tide
boom
15
15 yds
Yds
road access only
road
c u r r e n"".:::"311$
t s j 1.5
1 . 5 ft/sec.
f t / s e c . ' t r w/8'flood,
/ltflood.,
currents:
1
. g ft/sec.
f t , / s e c . w/8'ebb
w/grebb
1.9
b
o
o
m
a
t
b
r
i
d
g
e
- 10
o n incoming
boom at bridge on
i n c o m i n g tide
tide yds
4 0 yds
g o o d road
r o a d access
a c c e s g and
good
a n d small
s r o a l l boat
b o a t access
access
s t r o n g tidal
t i d a t currents
currents
strong
'lO yds.
b o o n on
o n incoming
i n c o m i n g tide
boom
t i d e - 10
yds.
rroad
o a d access
a c c e s s only
only
b o o n on
- 20
o n incoming
i n c o m i n g tide
boom
tide yds
2 0 yds
rroad
o a d access
access
c u r r e n t s z 1.3
1 . 3 ft/sec.
f I / s e c . w/8'flood,
currents:
w / B t f l o o d , 1.7
1 . T ft/sec.
f t / s e c . w/3'ebb
w/grebb
'i
b
o
o
ra
o n incoming
n c oning tide-20
tide- 2O yds
yds
boom on
b o a t access
a c c e s s only
boat
only
u s e avaiLable
a v a i l a b l e log
use
1 o g booms
boonos
b o O mon
t ' i r i a- north
n n r - fI side
o n incoming
i n c o m i n a tide,
boom
s i d e of
b r i d g e , - 25yds
o f bridge,
Z5yds
rroad
o a d access
a c c e " " or
o""3
" ; i r - " ; "boat
;;'
small
',veak
t i d a l currents
c u r r e n t s weak
tidal
p
r
i
o
r
i
t
;
r
,
1 o w priority, use
u s e existing
low
e x i s t i n g log
1 o g booms
boons
rrDE GATES
GAris
tg
tg TIDE
e 6 -- those
tg
th o se areas
a re as marked
mar ked tg
' shich should
tg have
have tide
tide gates
s houl d.
6ates which
ke
e p oil
o i l out
ou,t of
keep
of sensitive
sensltiva areas
a.eas if
it working
r vor king properly
p" op" " i y
-- tthese
h e s e rmust
n u s t be
b e checked
checked
t
/\dimTn\"^
. t DIVERSION
DIVERSION ?TLOCATIONS
Tv\/AI
Iu/.i\ D
lflf**
An
t
UY
dv
1|
-- should
s h o u l d attempt
a t t e m p t to
t o divert
d i v e r t oil
o i 1 at
a t this
t h i s location
l o c a t i o n if
if
w
i n d from
fro
rn
nor
th
wind
north
on
incoming
tide
incom
ing
tir
ie
.**n d
V 2 -- a
dv
t t e m p t diversion
d i v e r soiaoont on
o
i nl 1cCoom
1
l0+
i n* .e6 tide
attempt
o nn incoming
tvildu se with
vv rr_itLhL l i south
sOuth
winds
winds
* * * dv
***
dy 3
a n e as
-- Ssame
a s dv
3-d . V 11
**{' dv
***
dV 4--- attempt
a t t e n p t diversion
d i v e r s i o n on
o n outgoing
o u t g o i n g tide
t i d e with
w i t h south
s o u t i r winds
wrnds
i
o.. .. ACCBSS
..
ACCESS AREAS
+REArt
a r e a s indicated
i - n d j - c a t e Cby
b y small
s m a t ' ' tdots
-- areas
d o t s have
o o d rroad
have g
o a d access
good
access
t o the
t h e shoreline,
to
s h o r e l l n e r - small
s n a 1 1 boats
b o a L s could
c o u l d be
b e launched
l a u n c h e d from
from
n
a n y of
places
o f these
t h e s e places
many
58
. I I
scAtE , l"=160
A
T111ir
- -
hr
- -
ru
ItWiIF_T!_1_TI
!I'TiII
- -- _
- clr-lr-l
¶IIII
trEt
trE
h9-
I
LIUI
I
a - _1_1._
'"
- li-i-I-i
III
/
II
1111
;i
/
'
.2
-
o
/
,-2
,/r
/
/
/
J-!k
/
1
rm
le-. .
f, i-r ..
dv f "...
r
\
/ .
'.\
-ttaa.u==r._
-'ii'
/
_4U%I
-
Aii:I
- U'
I.
ii,-.
- P aYI
4
"a.-- -
I
i!,'
g..
iiIlIiMl
iiiii
I
Iii lull] V
/
'liii!
.()
o-
{
r'r'
I
I
U
+
I
-+_:
.l
j IL1
-
vDrI/
r>=d= .CQfN
z
II!
fl
D
E
\D tl
N
o'.1
Erl
,il,rti
'T-l:l--li
rm
z)l
2
/
+-------
il
\\
_+trF
I
I
I
./l
'.".aln
?
'o'r
1
\.
9
'
ol a
\'
.J
rmo
rm
^
Hinton
HintonPoint
Point
-dvo
't d
a,.-a
o I
\,.
çiiIi
"s.
\
r
/f,
\v
jJf
-
\SS
Jg,-S Sawyer
Landing
\S./1
r \
/7
t
I
\
.........................
/.
-
it
DDUDE1bm
U
Nil