lt+*t oR 97365 (Richard) P.o.

}t+*t lt+*t oR97365 97365 Range (Richard) Bayer, Bayer, rbayer@orednet.org, rbayerorednet.org, P.O. Box 1467, Newport, OR 1467,Newport, P.o. Box (Richard) Range 2005 12 July 2005 12 Julv Thompson and Terry Thompson Lincoln County Board of Commissioners Lindly, and Bill Hall, Don Lindly, CommissionersBill 110 225 West Street,Room 110 West Olive Street, 225 Courthouse Courthouse Newport, OR 97365 97365 Newport, Dear Commissioners: DearCommissioners: email copy Re: response in in Lincoln Lincoln County. County. If If you wish an an email copy of this letter that Re: June June 14 tsunami warning response pleaseemail me me at at will sourcesof information, please someof the sources altow you to more readily look up some will allow rbayerorednet.org. rbayer@orednet.org. indicatethat that Several newspaper articles Lincoln City News Guard Guard indicate Newport News-Times News-Timesand Lincoln Severalnewspaper articlesin the the Newport governmentand Lincoln County officials are are suggesting suggesting that things went pretty smoothly at the level of local government and that the main glitches were were caused caused by by the the federal federal government government and andan anuneducated uneducatedpublic. public. The past past work work with with Commissionerswith tsunami and education education by Jim Hawley, Sheriff Dotson, and and the County Commissioners with local preparationand SheriffDotson, tsunami preparation efforts. (e.g., Gallob 2005c,d), County for its efforts. communities 2005c,d), and and I commend commend the County exemplary (e.g., communitiesin Lincoln County is exemplary responses,and and public However, June 14 reveals several preparation, responses, severalissues issuesof concern concernin the preparation, However, the June 14 warning reveals potential for several several purposeof letteris focuson onpotential solutions solutionsfor education outreach by by Lincoln Lincoln County. The this letter is to to focus Thepurpose of this educationoutreach sirens,reverse reverse9-1 9-I-1, crucial issues issues that have not received received much attention. attention. II do -1, or other warning donot not discuss discusssirens, debated. systems have been been and continueto be be debated. and continue systemsthat have (seeContents Contents on top of next page), page), but but ifif long and discussesmany topics (see II realize letter is is long and discusses realize that this letter Limited People with with Limited ofPeople only consider one item, item, please please consider consider ""Create for Evacuation of you only Create a Plan for p.6. Mobility" on p. 6. Mobility" on publicsafety safetyissues. issues. Thank you for your your time of Thankyou andconsideration consideration of public time and Yours, Yours, Le-*6^yr,- Range RangeBayer Bayer cc: Jim Hawley, Hawley, Lincoln County County Emergency Emergency Management Management Director,225 Director, 225 West West Olive Street, Street, Courthouse, Courthouse, Room Room cc: Jim 103, Newport, Newport, Oregon Oregon 97365 103, 97365 Lynne Lincoln County County Communications Communications Agency Agency (LinCom) (LinCom) Director, Director, 815 815 SW SW Lee Lee Street, Street, Newport, Newport, OR Iverson,Lincoln LynneIverson, 97365 97365 Street,Courthouse, Room210, 210, Sheriff Dennis Dennis Dotson, Dotson, Lincoln Lincoln County County Sheriffs Sheriffs Office, 225 West Room OliveStreet, Courthouse, WestOlive Office,225 Sheriff Newport, OR 97365 Newport,OR 97365 Gail Kimberling, Kimberling, Managing Managing Editor, Editor, Newport Newport News-Times, News-Times, P.O. P.O. Box Box 965, 965, Newport, Newport, OR 97365 97365 Gail LincolnCity, City,OR OP.97367 Joe Happ, Happ, Editor, Editor, Lincoln Lincoln City News Guard,930 Guard, 930 SE 97367 Highway101, 101,Lincoln CityNews SEHighway Joe Table of Contents Contents for for What What Lincoln Lincoln County Government Could Do Do to to Better Better Prepare Prepare for aa Tsunami Will Be an BecauseThis This Will Information Because TsunamiInformation EmergencyTsunami 1) Prepare of an of Emergency Sources RelevantSources byDetermining DeterminingRelevant Prepareby Issue-------OngoingIssue -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Ongoing 911 Calls-----2) Prepare LinCom Flood of of 911 Calls -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 Flood Prepare LinComforfor Information-------------------- 44 WarningInformation TsunamiWarning BroadcastTsunami ContinuouslyBroadcast RadioStations StationstotoContinuously LocalRadio 3) Encourage EncourageLocal 6 Mobility -------------------------------------------------------- 6 withLimited LimitedMobility Peoplewith 4) Create PIanfor forEvacuation EvacuationofofPeople 4\ Createa aPlan 88 Wave Arrives First Before the Zones 5) Encourage Evacuation of Tsunami Inundation Zones Before the First Wave Arrives ----------------------------Tsunami Inundation of Evacuation Encourage and Docksand Damageto toDocks ConsiderableDamage May Cause CauseConsiderable WaveMay TsunamiWave 6) Educate Evenaa55ftftTsunami thatEven PublicOfficials Offrciatsthat EducatePublic Boats ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 99 10 Waves----------------------------------- 10 TsunamiWaves AfterTsunami Beforeand andAfter PeopleControl ControlBefore 7) Create Trafficand andPeople forTraffic Planfor Createa aPlan 11 Residents Residents ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 Mapstoto EvacuationMaps 8) Distribute DistributeEvacuation Visitors ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 9) Educate EducateVisitorc l4 Appendices -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 Appendices 28 References -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------References----->t 'lc 'k * * * '* rt * * * {<rt * * * * * * :F:F * * + * * {<* * * * t t< d<* 'k * * * * t< * {<* * * + * * {<!t * t< {<t< * * * {<tc * * * * * * {<* * * * t< * * * t<+ * * * * * * {"1' * * i ************************************************************************************************** Will Be Be ThisWill Because InformationBecause TsunamiInformation 1) Prepare of This of Emergency EmergencyTsunami RelevantSources Sources byDetermining DeterminingRelevant l) Prepareby Issue. OngoingIssue. an an Ongoing The night of June June 14, many emergency responders in Lincoln Lincoln County received received tsunami bulletins from NOAA's NOAA's emergencyresponders 14,many & Alaska Tsunami Coast & (http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc)and Pacific Tsunami and NOAA's NOAA's West Coast Tsunami Center in Hawaii (http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc) Tsunami Warning Center Warning Center Center in Alaska (http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov/message.shtml) (http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov/message.shtml) via via various various emergency emergency channels channels (Appendix (Appendix AA on on Management Emergency Oregon would have been federal, some also include Oregon Emergency Management some also federal, but have been channels p. 14). thesechannels 14). Many Many of of these Basin, territoriesin in the thePacific Pacific Basin, andterritories all states statesand A). The includesall government'semergency responsibilityincludes emergencyresponsibility federalgovernment's (Appendix A). Thefederal particular just Oregon, Oregon, so itit is predictable predictable that they will will send send out emergency emergency messages messages that that may not not be be relevant relevant to to a particular not just for know if messagesto know state in the the Basin. Basin. ItIt is the the responsibility responsibility of receivers of of their their messages if a message message is relevant or not for statein by arerelevant relevantto toOregon Oregonby warningcenters centersare prepare whichtsunami tsunamiwarning their specific totoprepare bybydetermining possible determiningwhich area.It Itisispossible specificarea. West Coast Coastis is only that the the West is clear clear that looking at the the web sites sites for for these these warning warning centers. centers. After doing preparation,itit is this preparation, doing this in Warning Center Alaska. Alaska Tsunami included within the area of responsibility (AOR) of the West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center in Alaska. the West Coast and area responsibility included within .4 occurred de 7 The first estimated estimated to be Magnitu Magnitude 7.4 occurred about about 90 miles earthquakethat was first an earthquake The night of June June 14, 14, an 15).Five Five (7:51 northwest Eureka, California 1 PM PM PDT, PDT, which which is 0251 UTC UTC [Z]XAppendix [Z])(Appendix B on p. 15). 1951PDT (7:5 at 1951 Californiaat northwestof Eureka, for warning issued a tsunami Alaska Center in minutes later UTC), Coast Tsunami Warning Center in Alaska issued tsunami warning for Warning (0256 Alaska Tsunami Coast and the West later UTC), minutes (Appendix include B)--this would Island tip of Vancouver coastal areas from the California-Mexico border north to north tip of Vancouver Island (Appendix B)--this would include north to north California-Mexico coastalareasfrom Hawaii in Hawaii Waming Center Centerin TsunamiWarning Oregon. PDT, the the Pacific Pacific Tsunami or 7:59 PM PDT, UTC] or 7:59 PM laterat at0259Z 02592[0259 Threeminutes minuteslater Oregon. Three [0259UTC] (Appendix issued a Tsunami Information Information Bulletin Bulletin that that there there was was no no tsunami tsunami warning warning for for their their area area of of responsibility responsibility (Appendix CC on on issued area, which is clear from from their their web site; this was also stated stated at the top of their message message p. 17). Oregonis is not in their area, l7). But But Oregon (Appendix C): C): (Appendix ''THIS BASIN EXCEPT "THIS BULLETIN BULLETIN IS FOR ALL ALL AREAS OF THE PACIFIC BASIN CALIFORNIA.'' OREGON -CALIFORNIA." ALASKA WASHINGTON OREGON BRITISH COLUMBIA COLUMBIA - WASHINGTON ALASKA BRITISH those who who read read this this message message and and thought thought there there was was no no warning warning for for Oregon Oregon overlooked overlooked the the crucial crucial word word Unfortunately, those said: end of the message,which said: "except." They the end the message, They also also did did not read readthe ''THE WEST COAST/ALASKA BULLETINS WILL ISSUE ISSUE BULLETINS "THE WARNING CENTER WILL TSUNAMI WARNING COAST/ALASKA TSUNAMI CALIFORNIA.'' ALASKA -BRITISH BRITISHCOLUMBIA COLUMBIA -V/ASHINGTON WASHINGTON OREGON OREGON CALIFORNIA." FOR ALASKA Lincoln County Emergency Emergency Management Management Director Director Jim Jim Hawley, Hawley, LinCom LinCom (Lincoln (Lincoln County Communications, Communications, the the indirectly thesemessages messages County received receivedthese Lincoln County 91 911I Center), Center), and in Lincoln County indirectly perhapsother emergencystaff staff in and perhaps other emergency not ornot wasaatsunami tsunamiwarning warningor whetherthere therewas (e.g., Oregon Emergency Emergency Management) Management) or directly and becameconfused confusedwhether (e.g., via Oregon and became Ross 2005; Jim Hawley, 2005a,bd; (Card 2005a, 2005a, Casteel2005, Casteel 2005, Choy 2005c,Kimberling Kimberling 2005a,b,d; Ross 2005; Jim Hawley, 2005b,Eberly 2005c,Dillman 2005b, Eberly 2005c, (Card Choy 2005c, channelsthey had, they had, communicationchannels emergencycommunication June [Appendix D D on p. p. 18]). Depending upon the numberof of emergency the number Dependingupon June20 email [Appendix 2 p' 14), 14), on p. once(Appendix A on than once more than centermore eachwarning center messagefrom each sameoriginal message they received the same have received they may have messages' the messages. reading the confusion while reading which may addedto their confusion have added may have that there respondersthat emergencyresponders there and telling emergency communities and local communities LinCom confusion by calling local communicatedthis confusion Lincom communicated minutes PM,23 (Eberly 2005c). At 8:14 PM, 23 minutes 8:14 At 2005c)' PM 8:06 not at or not at 8:06 PM warning or tsunami warning was aa tsunami there was whether there about whether was confusion about was confusion respondersin emergencyresponders called emergency Lincom called issued,LinCom was issued, *utnitrg was 1g minutes after the earthquake earthquake and 18 minutes after the tsunami tsunami warning 2005c). tsunami warning (Eberly 2005c). indeed a tsunami yachats Yachats and perhaps perhaps elsewhere elsewhere that there there was was indeed the importantly, the more importantly, Perhapsmore was lost in this confusion. Perhaps evacuationwas spentfor evacuation been spent have been Valuable time that could have areasor someareas done in some or so that it was not done needed,so evacuationwas needed, spreading confusion cast cast a shadow shadow of doubt on whether whether evacuation spreading around evacuation not starting until around not starting evacuation a beach in resulted confusion resulted a beach city, the confusion example, in Lincoln City, too long. long. For example, was delayedtoo 9:26 at9:26 and Seaside Seasideat 8:44 PM and Charleston at 8:44 predicted to arrive in Charleston was predicted g:45-9 riu wave was firsttsunami The first 8:45-9 PM lctroy (Choy zoosc;. 2005c). The tsunami wave Lincoln City between distance and interpolating from the straight straight line distance between pM (Appendix IiB on p. 15); predictions andinterpolating l5); using these PM these predictions a complete complete However, Lincoln City City at at about about 9:10 9:10 PM. PM. However, a have arrived in Lincoln and the first wave would have Seaside,the and Seaside, Charlestonand and Charleston 2005a,e). Kimberling 2005a,e). Kimberling (Choy 2005c, hours two evacuation for for Lincoln Lincoln City City takes takes about about two 2005c, evacuation preparefor future in Lincoln Lincoln County can can prepare staffin possible Solutions. emergencystaff otheremergency andother Hawley,and Possible JimHawley, LinCom,Jim Solutions.LinCom, receive that they will probably also indirectly or directly receive will probabll.a.lso tsunami warnings warnings by recognizing recognizing that it is very prldi"tubl" predictable tsunami on (see Appendix A on (see pacifii the future the Pacific Tsunami Center in Hawaii in the Tsunami Warning Center emergency tsunami messages from the emergencytsunami-merrfi", messages out messages sendingout messagesis not limited to only sending emergencymessages responsibility for sending such emergency sendingout such NbAA's responsibflity 14i. NOAXs p. 14). 'air"jry least one several emergency channels, at least one of which will will channels, emergency several hu'ru" muy ,nunug.r, directly relevant relevant to oregon, Oregon, and and emergenJy emergency managers may have may Management Emergency Appendix A). Oregon Emergency Management may O_regon (see A). Center (see include Tsunami Warning Center messagesfrom the Pacific Tsunami include messages (Ross2005; 2005; Jim 14 message message(Ross June14 the June asthey they did for the centeimessages also relay on pacific Pacific Tsunami Tsunami warning Warning Center messages as again rela! also again l8]). email {Appendix Hawley, 20 email June20 Hawley, June [Appendix D on p. 18]). protocol preparedwritten protocol have aa prepared Managementto have EmergencyManagement County Emergency and Lincoln County It would be be useful useful for LinCom and Tsunami thePacific P_acific from the notif' that from Tsunami thatmessages messages those they notiff stafiand includes warning staff for receiving tsunami tsunami messages messages that includes and those messages for only and that action is required only for messages is required action that and not relevant Warning received but that they are are relevant Ce-nterin Hawaii may be received Warning Center because areimportant importantbecause drills are anddrills protocolsand Written protocols Alaska. Written Center in Alaska. Tsunami Warning Center from the West Coast and and Alasta Alaska Tsunami West Coast October and 1986 warnings for Oregon were in May 1986 and October in Oregon were (the most most recent recenttsunami tsunami warnings seldom tsunami warnings here (the happenhere seldom happen tsunami warnings thesewarning result in staff unfamiliar unfamitiar with these result may changes (tit" 14) staff 1994), and emergencies night (like on June 14) or staff changes may June at nigttt lg94),and emergencies confused. centers becoming confused. centersbecoming responsiblefor are responsible departmentsare Jim Hawley is reported reported as Lincoln County is unique unique in that fire departments as saying saying that Lincoln Jim coastal remindedcoastal Lincoln County periodically reminded periodically County also be helpful ifif evacuation of of their their areas areasicasteet (Casteel zoos;. 2005). Thus, would also Thus, it would evacuation are Alaska Tsunami Warning Center in Alaska are Center Tsunami fire department department staffs thai that only only messages messages from from the West Coast Coast and fire the County County departments,the messagesto fire departments, emergency on relaying for relevant. As the County (LinCom) is responsible for relaying on emergency messages (Lindom) is iesponsible County the relevant. As may receive. receive. irrelevant messages messages that they may that they could also also take the lead in helping fire fire departments departments sort relevant relevant from irrelevant ****t<***t<*xc*:F****,F**:t'{<*d<*************'F>l' ******!t,1.+***********{.**************>t**,F***********+t<***,t Calls. of911 911 Calls. 2) Floodof forFlood LinCom for PrepareLinCom 2) Prepare the Lincoln City (e.g., Depoe Department,the Depoe Bay Fire Department, agencies(e.g., LinCom and service agencies emergencyservice other local emergency and many other were overwhelmed and Yachats Department) were overwhelmed Fire Department) and Yachats Department, Fire Station,Newport Center, Lincoln Lincoln City City itolice Police Station, Newport Department, 911 Center, 2005a). 2005a,c; Eberly 2005c, 2005c, Kimberling 2005a). 2005qc; Choy 2005a,b;Casteel2005, with telephone telephone calls the night of June June 14 Casteel 2005, 14 (Card 2005a,b; with jam calls is that these what to do. The problem is that these calls jam problem The seekingadvice Most of the calls were from from people people who were seeking advice about about 2005a) and and seriously seriously (Card2005a) services(Card emergencyservices notiffing time difficult telephone lines, so LinCom difficult notifiing emergency had a more LinCom so that lines, teleplrone 2005) or who are reporting aa fire who are reporting quoted Casteel2005) (Sheriff Dotson injured people or people need a officer quoted in Casteel police need people who people significantly delayed. delayed. get through or may be significantly may be be unable unable to get local major other local able to handle handle other questionof bow The how well LinCom would be able raisesthe question also raises 14 event event also The June June14 jammed' bejammed. alsobe would also emergencies (not lineswould when911 911lines warnings)when (notjust tsunami tsunamiwarnings) emergencies the that the indicatedthat emergencyofficials indicated possible Solutions. localemergency andother otherlocal Dotsonand SheriffDotson Possible 14event, event,Sheriff Afterthe theJune June14 Solutions.After (Casteel2005, 2005, Choy Choy do (Casteel what they they should shoulddo public needs needs to be prepared prepared for for tsunamis tsunamis and not call 91 911I for for information aboutwhat 3 there is a every time there seemsthat every realistic, It seems 2005c, Eberly2005c). 2005c). While While their their suggestion is reasonable, reasonable, itit is not realistic. 2005c,Eberly Jim summer, local earthquakes last summer, Jim earthquakeslast the afterthe example,after For example, possible tsunami thai that emergency emergency phone phone lines arejammed. jammed. For possible becausetheir 911 because Managementor 911 people not call Lincoln pleaaia that Hawley tnat people Lincoln County Emergency Emergency Management Iverson pleaded and Lynne Iverson i{awley and jammed 14 the June June14 for again their lines were jammed again for the were lines year later, a less than jammed (Gallob Yet, phone iines lines were jammed 2004a,c). Z004ac). Yet, less than a year later, phone for 911 to not now in an emergency, so call them so training people emergency, 911 to call call 911 educatedto successfullyeducated very successfully event. People have beenvery havebeen fvent. and for tsunamis prepared trained to be prepared for tsunamis and be trained were rf 100% I00% of an emergency emergency is is not not realistic. realistic. Even if of residents residents were what they believe is an no questions because receive receive little or they have questionsbecause still have would still visitors would did not call 911 ,""1nr highly unlikely), visitors 911 (which seems lines. other emergency and call 911 would p. and (see 12) tsunami education (see section 9 on 12) and and emergency lines. section education tsunami tsunami aboutaa tsunami concernedabout when their telephone LinCom could work on solutions telephone lines are are jammed jammed by by people people concerned solutions for when example: disaster. For example: or other local disaster. usedonly for be used could be lines that could telephonelines as unlisted unlisted telephone suchas of communication communicationsuch meansof alternativemeans by having havingalternative prepareby a) prepare jammed communicating with with emergency emergency personnel personnel when the public 911 lines are jammed communicating response to a possible possible tsunami tsunami by having operators operators 911 calls in response answering911 briefly answering protoCol for a b) prepare by establishing a protocol for briefly establishing by prepare Yachats be and, so, tsunami information, and, if so, be like Yachats Fire Chief tsunami for quickly if the answer calls, establish quickly if call is only for answer calls, establish (Eberly 2005c), route 2005c),route up (Eberly hangup petrie by.esponding if they are Frankie by responding briefly briefly to evacuate are in a low-lying low-lying area area and and hang evacuateif Frankie Petrie (Friedrichs and'/or 2005), Brookings (Friedrichs 2005), and/or in been suggested ashas hasbeen suggested in doas what to to do on what the response on automateilresponse briei automated the call to aa brief may only intermittently stationsthat IA2.7 or patiently listen to other direct KYTE FM 102.7 other radio stations that may listen to KYTE them to listen direct them (seenext section)' next section). tsunami information (see report tsunami phone lines lines are arejammed; jammed; and not waiting until the phone tsunami and possibletsunami of aapossible notice upon immediately c) call in more operators immediately upon notice of call in more operators (Choy 2005c)' this centeris is considering consideringthis (Choy 2005c). 911 center the Lincoln City 911 the in but also alsoin Having alternative for tsunami warnings, warnings, but meansof communication communication would be useful not only for alternative means jammed. preparation phone lines will will be predictably jammed. disastersin which the phone other local major disasters preparationfor other ,}***{.***{<*,FrF****************{<****{<{<******{<*{'******'t********'F'&*******{<{<******** ***:t<****t{.,1.****t:f *********************************************************************************************** Information. Warning Information. Tsunami Warning Broadcast Tsunami Continuously Broadcast to Continuously Radio Stations Stations to Local Radio 3) Encourage Encourage Local 3) county or Many, perhaps perhaps most, people people in coastal coastal Lincoln Lincoln County did did not not hear hear about the the tsunami tsunami warning warning from county warning from tsunamiwarning from the tsunami learnedof the have learned seemedto have City seemed peoplein in Lincoln Lincoln City or local radio stJtionl. stations. Most Most people city officials oilocal-radio same The same portland Portland TV TV stations stations or telephone telephone calls from from friends who who were were watching watching TV TV (Sheridan (Sheridan Jones Jones in in Choy 2005c). The people Newport. some with some people in Newport. conversations my basedon appears to be true in Newport based conversations appears at stationsor look at emergency responders responders have have said that that people people need need to to listen listen to to local local radio stations Jim Hawley and other emergency at least 2005c,e). However, at least However, the site for information information and and not call 911 (e.g., (e.g., Casteel Casteel 2005, 2005, Kimberling Kimberling 2005c,e)' Countyweb site the Lincoln County tsunami warning on the Lincoln Lincoln County web site during the time of of the the tsunami about the one person person did noi not find find any information about web information at web at the prompt emergency did find also not people and tsunami warning on June 14 (Kimberling 2005c), people find prompt emergency (Kimberling 2005c), June 14 tsunami (Gallob 2004a). 2004 felt in they earthquakethey felt 2004 (Gallob 2004a). the earthquake people were concerned concerned about about the site after many people not thosestations thatthose stationsdid not KPPT and andthat andKPPT to KSHL KSHL and listeningto werelistening The me that that they they were friends told me 14,friends June14, The night of June late for many many to beentoo late have been about 9 PM (which would have start broadcasting broadcasting information about about the tsunami tsunami warning until until about start broadcasting tsunami information or were not broadcasting broadcastingtsunami werenot not broadcasting stationswere evacuate before the first first wave). Other Otherstations evacuatebefore 2005, Kimberling andRooney Rooney 2005, Henke and 2005, Henke 2005e,Fuller 2005, information continuously continuously (Lincoln (Lincoln City Manager Manager in Kimberling 2005e, personalexperience). experience). 2005c; and my personal friends and 2005c;friends Dave Miller, Miller, who responseonly from Dave receivedaa response KNPT, KSHL, KSHL, and and KPPT KPPT on on June June 19 about about this this issue. issue. I received II wrote KNPT, He responded responded p. 20). 20). He KBCH-AM (Appendix E on p. and KBCH-AM owns KNPT-AM, KYTE-FM, KYTE-FM, KNCU-FM, KNCU-FM, KCRF-FM, and owns KNPT-AM, (AppendixE): (Appendix E): the most extensive them, but the most We did did have have information information about about the tsunami tsunami warning on all of them, extensive coverage coverage was was on the FM,KYTE. KYTE. 102.7FM designated emergency station, 102.7 emergencystation, designated was on on coveragewas extensivecoverage themost most extensive thatthe any of of them--only them--only that on any coverageon Note they had continuouscoverage that they hadcontinuous not say saythat he did did not that he Note that intermittent possibly possibly intermittent going for to listen not are information peoplesearching for emergency KYTE. emergencyinformation are not going listen for searchingfor problemis is that that people Theproblem KyTE. The or' stationsor, other stations are going to try tuning to other People are programming. People station that is broadcasting information on a station broadcasting its normal programming. emergency' is an an emergency. believe itit is quite predictably, predictably, call 911 for information, if they believe then and then Jim Hawley and 2004,JimUryf9v in 2004, now KYTE-FM' KYTE-FM. But, in station is now emergencystation designatedemergency said that the designated Miller said Dave Miller 2004a,b)' (Gallob 2004a,b). county (Gallob statio^nfor Lincoln County emergencystation designatedemergency tf,e designated was the KNpr-AM was said KNPT-AM Commissioner cowan said JeanCowan commissioner Jean to? to about where listen where about confused be not people would be confused so that p-eople changepublicized so was this change Which station is it? Was which station during early during especiallyearly stations,especially noticed the lack of information on local radio stations, also noticed Other Lincoln Lincoln county County people people also other about Fuller (2005) of Depoe Depoe Bay wrote about (2005) Ellie for evacuation evacuation was was needed. needed. Ellie tsunami warning, when information critical for the tsunami City: in Lincoln City: experiencein husband'sexperience her and her husband's her and station' helpful informationfrom information from th9 the "local" "local" radio radio station. We wentout Outtotoour ourtruck, truck,and andtried triedininvain vaintotoget getaccurate accurate or or helpful We went warnings from a from andword-of'mouthwarnings "gueiitimations" and word-of-mouth After two finally did get were"questionable were questionable "guesstimations" songs,what we finaily twosongs, obviouslYrattled' was obviously Dfwho rattled DJ whowas in emergencyinformation in broadcastingemergency continuously broadcasting stationsnot promptly or continuously The problem with with local radio stations receive information 2004, when KPPT did not receive arosein 2004, also arose oru"iry also example,this controversy For example, Lincoln county is not new. For Lincoln County said Miller said "oot Dave Miller andDave (Gallob 2004b), and 2004b), later minutes later tsunami until 45 minutes causeda tsunami had caused qrrur.efelt localiy about wheth", whether *an earthquake locally had about heard have heard it (Gallob not have people may "u*t somepeople may not though some eventhough stations,even on his stations, been broadcast broadcast on emergencyinformation had been that emergency were they were unlessthey hearditit unless haveheard not have many people would not people that predictable is it once, 2004a,b)--if was broadcast broadcast only once, predictable 2004a,b)-ifitit was broadcast. single broadoast' attentively listening at the time of the single attentively listening is confidently official information that is have official must have they must emergency,they an emergency, during an useful during be useful For local radio stations stationsto be local radio of a "rattled" DJ, account Fuller's 14. Besides for thi the nigrrlt night of of iune June Besides account c-asefor the case beenthe to have havebeen appearto reported. not appear doesnot Thatdoes reported. That p' 20): 20): on p. were not informed (Appendix E on stationswere Dave notesthat his stations Miller notes Dave Miller have on the air' air, The information we did have us to receive. for us receive. The by local officials generatedby was generated fficials for ... no official fficial warning was tsunami a understood we the quake and that we understood a tsunami that and quake the announce w"re only ible therefore official. We able to announce Wewere therefore could not be officiat. information' have have any official we that but warning had been generated, but that we did not fficial information. g"rtiot"d, been had ,oriing emergency designatedemergency changesin the designated citizens about about changes possible needsto clearly inform citizens Possible Solutions. The County needs TheCounty information' listen for information. where to listen so that we know where broadcast Lincoln County, so station for Lincoln broadcaststation be can be that it can so that stationsso emergencyinformation quickly to local stations getting emergency The needsto work with getting also needs county also The County helpful not were they so earthquake, about an hour after the 2004 earthquake, so they were not the2004 after statiois went out about an radio stations to radio broadcast. faxesto County,sfaxes TheCounty's broadcast.The but night at or evenings in the DJ's the evenings at have live DJ's stationsdo not have our "local" of our most of (Gallob 2004b). "local" radio stations unio"rtunately,most 2004b).Unfortunately, emergency getting emergency expectedthat getting can (e.g., 2004b), so it can be expected so 2004b), (e.g., Gallob feeds satellite have programming or satellite feeds p."-r""orded programming huu" pre-recorded possible. be possible. information out over tfiese these radio radio stations stations promptly may may not not be county to not broadcast station station for Lincoln County leastthe designated The County designated emergency emergency broadcast encourageat least also encourage county could also do so, so why not in so, so elsewhere stationselsewhere Rudio stations also Jontinuously. continuously. Radio broadcast emergency emergency information promptly promptly but also only broadcast in Radio in Radio Channel Clear Channel programming for Clear director of programming Sargent(2005), Chris Sargent Lincoln County? For roi example, example,Chris IZOOS;,who is director Lincoln 14: June14: of June night of the night during the warning during tsunamiwarning the tsunami their broadcasting broadcastingthe Eugene-Springfield, writes about about their Eugene-Springfield, for Clear Channel Channel Radio stations in speakfor There was concern concernthat thatalerts alerts and andwarning warningwere werenot notaired. aired I can speak There was stations within on the radio stations System activated properly properly EmergencyAlert Systemac:tivated TheEmergency Eugene and licensed Florence. The licensed to Florence. Eugene cmd KFLY KODZ' KFLY KPNW, on KPNW KODZ, coverageon news coverage and news minutes alert. We followed with continuous continuous announcements announcements and Wefoltowed minutesof the alert. felt We our stations stations can be heard heard on the the Oregon Coast' Coast. Wefek it KDUK until untilthe the*o*irgwas warning wasdropped. dropped Most of our and KDUK guarantee several policies policies in in place place in in our organization to guarantee hove several immidiate coverage and have hqve immediate was necessary necessaryto have was "onirogt serious as see quickly. I hope other operators see this as a serious operators hope very quickly. respondvery ind respond very seriously seriouslyand that issuesvery theseissues we take take these that we enough, enough, not EAS automated alert announcement from the automated EAS is i single ilert announcementfron't the issue similar policies policies in inplace. place. A issuehave similar theEAS EAS warningfrom the initial warning air the theinitial not air station did not especially in in aa caie case like likethis.'As this. Asfor forother\roadcasters, other broadcasters, iff aa station problem Commission. The problem The CommunicationsCommission. from the Federal Federal Communications offensefromihe afineable offense bi afineable would be that would or cover story, that the story, cover the Ii chooseto legal obligation. obligation. I choose is that in some some cases warning would only only air air once and and a station station would meet its legal casesthe warningwould repeatedlyand broadcast such warnings repeatedly. suchwarnings broadcast cmd community thecommunity servethe hereto toserve arehere read dfferently. We Weare that definition dffirently. read that needsto then itit needs emergency'then other emergency, warning or other tsunamiwarning be informed during a tsunami people to be If Lincoln County wants wants people Kimberling broadcast it continuously. Kimberling stationsto broadcast encouraginglocal radio stations at least leastencouraging work on providing that information or at broadcast County to broadcast the County upgradedto allow the (2005d) reports reports tt-ut that t6" the County's County's Emergency Emergency Alert Alert System System (EAS) (EAS) may be soon soon upgraded given given not cable channels. That would be helpful, but if the information is be would iocal cable channels. That stationsand on all local and local locai radio stations and then jam hurriedly search news and jam stationsfor news searchradio stations as they huniedly miss the broadcasts continuously, broadcasts as listenersmay miss concernedlisteners continuously, concerned lines. the 911lines. the 911 if local local and and information if emergencyinformation broadcastlocal emergency station to broadcast Lincoln County Bend radio station negotiatedwith aa Bend has negotiated County has be Counfy be people throughout throughout Lincoln County will people Willamette Valley Valley radi,o radio stationi stations are are unable unableto to do do so so(Kimberling (Kimberling2005d). 2005d). But But will Willamette daytime the during problem a station could be particularly a problem during the daytime particularly be could station Bend receptionfor the Lackof able hear that Bend station? station? Lack of reception able to hear available. is available. information is emergencyinformation ways if no emergency in unwise actin unwiseways to act when aptto andmost mostapt active and peopleare are most most active when people *******{.{.*:F{.*t<:F*X*rl.rF**{<**{<****{<**********+*+*'F'1.*****{<{<******t<****t<***tF'k************{<{<t'**'k'k*:F**x Mobility. with Limited Limited Mobility. People with ofPeople Evacuation of 4) forEvacuation Planfor Createa aPlan 4) Create because they may not be Fatalities tsunami are proportionately greatest greatest for people people unable unable to move quickly because are proportionately Fatalities from a tsunami (1988:139) Preuss(1988:139) Lander et al. 2003:27). Preuss aL.2003:27)' Lander 2001:166, Bryant2001:166, 1998:255-256, (e.g.,Dudley Lee1998:255-256, Dudley and andLee able Bryant evacuatein time (e.g., ableto evacuate because: is difficult difficult because: areais inundationarea tsunami inundation in aa tsunami homesin nursinghomes notes andnursing retirementand evacuatingretirement that evacuating notesthat for evacuation. evacuation. For a commitmentfor heavy manpower Occupants mobility and and therefore, therefore, require heavy manpower commitment have limited mobility often have Occupantsoften possible. not be bepossible. maynot local event, evacuationmay event,evacuation mapsfor evacuationmaps tsunami evacuation statedin tsunami is candidly candidly stated not able-bodied able-bodiedis arenot peoplewho are the situation situation for people grimnessof the The grimness Geology Oregon Dept. of Geology Yachats by Oregon and Yachats Waldport, and Beach,Waldport, Lincoln City, SalishanfKernville/Gleneden Beach/Lincoln Beach, Salishan/I(ernville/Gl"ned"n Beach/Lincoln added]: (2005) and Industries(2005) [boldface and Mineral Industries [boldfaceadded]: Make itit large large door knob. Make (sheetor or towel) towel) to thefront If you need the front door WHITE (sheet tie something something WHITE evacuating,tie If need help evacuating, of arrive. In the event In event of the may then help enough to be visiblefrom fromtie thestreet. street. IfIf the emergency emergency is is aa distant distant tsunami, tsunami then iiough prepared! be plan and be prepared! helpyou, you, so so make makeaaplan will help unlikely that anyone will local earthquake and is unlikely und tsunami, tsanumi, itit is a local (2004)writes: writes: Schwab(2004) Planning Association's Association'sSchwab In addition, the American American Planning addition, the as the the elderly and such as involves more more troublesome troublesome aspect aspect of evacuation evacuation usually more vulnerable vulnerable populations, populations, such usually involves The more safely. movesafely. identifuand andmove disabled, trained to ident5 must be trqined authorities must disabled,which local authorities peoplewith off the Oregon Oregon coast, coast,people zoneearthquake earthquakeoffthe Cascadiasubduction subductionzone predictedmajor Cascadia In a tsunami tsunami after after the predicted ln Coast, Along the Lincoln County County Coast, the survival. chance of little zone will have little mobility tsunami inundation inundationzone will have little chance of survival. mobility who live in aatsunami evacuation maps for Depoe Bay, Depoe maps (see evacuation tsunami later(see tsunami minuteslater about15-20 15-20minutes the arrive about expectedto arrive tsunami wave wave is expected the first tsunami and Mineral Geology and Dept. of Geology Yachatsin in Oregon OregonDept. and Yachats Lincoln City, Newport, Salishan-Gleneden Beach,Waldport, Waldport, and Saliihan-GlenedenBeach, Lincoln retirement and retirement assistedliving facilities, and homes,assisted nursinghomes, of nursing thatall residentsof Industries all residents doubtfulthat 2005a). ItIt isisdoubtful 2005; Gallob Gillob 2005a). Industries2005; distant example, after a daylight, distant after example For time. in evacuated be zones could centers in Lincoln County zones could be evacuated in time. For , inundation tsunami centers Lincoln residents in Washington Washington residents home nursing 70 about evacuate tsunami warning in 1994, it took approximately 120 minutes to evacuate about 70 nursing home 120 minutes approximately 1994, tsunami that zone earthquake earthquakethat Cascadiasubduction subductionzone major Cascadia afteraa major longerafter (Preuss takemuch to take much longer expectedto couldbe beexpected Evacuationcould (preuss1997). lggT). Evacuation fewer staff or staffor at night, when or at night, when 2004:258)or andGood Good2004:258) makes (Roddey2004, 2004,Wood Wood and impassable(Roddey bridgesimpassable roadsand and bridges makesroads be enough enoughtime there may or may not be away, there further away, the tsunami originatesfurther If the tsunami originates emergency responderi responders would would be be available. available. If emergency them, to abandon abandonthem, reluctantto be reluctant evacuatewould be peopleunable unableto evacuate of people caregiversof many caregivers predictablethat that many to evacuate evacuate them. ItIt isis predictable so lost also. also. be lost caregiversmay be able-bodiedcaregivers so able-bodied (Anonymous Beach)(Anonymous in South SouthBeach) facility in (a senior assisted-livingfacility Lincoln County, the Spencer seniorassisted-living House (a SpencerHouse at least leastthe In Lincoln County, at inundation in tsunami 2005a)are are tsunami inundation in Gallob Gallob 2005a) (Mayor Beckstead Becksteadin 200lc) Waldport (Mayor in Waldport centersin retirementcenters andtwo two senior seniorretirement 2001c)and mobility living living outside of of sPecial special centers' centers. For peoplewith limited mobility probablyalso alsopeople areprobably zones. Thereare beothers. others.There Theremay maybe zones.There the "the elderly, the elderly, evacuating"the concern expressed example, at a Depoe Bay City Council meeting, a Councilor expressed concern for evacuating meeting, Depoe example, Watch Neighborhood Watch or Neighborhood and it was suggested neighbors or suggestedthat neighbors tsunami, and beforeaatsunami, impaired' before handicapped, hearing impaired" the hearing handicapped,the 2001e)' (Anonymous2001 e). evacuation(Anonymous programs h"lp with their evacuation progru-t help waming, tsunami warning, aboutaa tsunami House about SpencerHouse telephoneSpencer Departmentis to telephone Newport, the published published policy policy of the Fire Department In Newport, to Newport 17' II talked June 17, on June themselves (Anonymous 2001c). 2001c). On evacuatethemselves and House's responsibility to to evacuate SpencerHouse's and it is Spencer they would that they tsunami threat threatthat a tsunami was thry beliivedthatthere their policy is that f they believed that there a ,f policy said that and he said Fire Chief crook, and chief Rick Crook, does Departrnentdoes Fire Department responsibility to evacuate themselves because because the Fire evacuatethemselves House'sresponsibiiity SpencerHouse's is Spencer notify House, but it is SpencerHouse, notiff Spencer Spencer have promptly notified Spencer have could they help, Dept. is not going to help, could FireDept. Since the Fire doso. personnelto do not have so. Since enoughpersonnel have enough 8), but p. 8), (seesection section55 on arrived (see have of evacuating before the wave would have arrived b"fot" evacuating option the 9n o' give them House on June June 14 14 to House great as as as tsunami would only be be as great beaches because because the Fire Dept. believed believed that ttre the tsunami notified people people on beaches the Fire Dept. only ,rJtin"a and she residents),and she about 35 residents), has about said has she said House (which she SpencerHouse SusanCain of Spencer 7, I talked to Susan 5 ftft (Card 2005b). On on July July 7, 5 the seethe resident happened to see happened resident a 14; ojJule the tsunami night of June 14; a the warning tsunami said that no one notified notified spencer Spencer House House about about said the since PM' about PM. Since the 9 about it at about heard ihe alert the staff, and that she first heard about it at pushcordto alert the staff, *a thut and used warning on a TV TV station used her pushcord station and have House to have their own House to spencer Chief Crook crook told her that it was up Spencer and chief cro-ok, and chief Crook, warning, Cain had talked to Chief cain had not staffhad had not House staff SpencerHouse other Spencer andother sheand help. thatshe saidthat cain said help..Cain policy to not Dept. evacuation and that it was Fire evacuationplan and for priority list list priorrty on aa be put on residentsbe Chief Crook House residents SpencerHouse crook if Spencer alsoasked asked-chief cain also been aware of this previously. Cain beenaware said that was was crook said chief Crook tsunami, residents in the aftermath of a tsunami, but Chief aftermath in-the receiving oxygen bottles bottles and and medications medications needed needed by residents receiving South the getting help from the South getting of options exploring House staff are options of spencer House other Spencer and other cain and not possible. possible. Consequently, consequently, Cain residents' House Spencer House residents. Spencer geacfr neighborhood care and evacuate Beach to evacuate and care for neighborhood evacuatedor not (Eberly were evacuated centerswere retirement centers whether the Waldport retirement June 14 event, it was not reported reported whether 14 event, For the June have that I have statementsthat those that are so, but statements unable to do so, are unable evacuate-those twi"g to evacuate plan for for trying 2005b). There to be be aa plan seemsto Thereseems 2005b). be there that Safety Committee indicates there may not be indicates (Welch 2000) Committee boldfaced Waldport City Council Safety Chairman of the Waldpoicity boldfaced by the Chairman time: enough enoughtime; City Council and pers-onally personally walked theWaldport Waldport City onthe preparednesson I have for tswtami tsunami warning warning and preparedness effortfor the effort have led the steady averagephysical condition can walk at a steady determinedtnit each evacuation routes routes and and determined that aa person person in average each of the euicuation is the the 20minutes, minutes,which is under20 in under flood plan plan areas Waldportin of Waldport areasof vulnerableflooi the vulnerable pace to from the groundsafety safetyfrom i high high ground po", the of Fault should occur on the Cascadia Fault off the central Cascadia eirthquake approximate evacuation time time iff an earthquake evacuation *ini^u* approximate minimum plan for specific planfor developeda spec4fic has developed District has Coast Fire District Or"goo Coast thi Central Oregon of the Grimm of Bill Grimm Chief Bill Oregon coast. coast.Chief The actual disabiliryor disability. age or to age due to unable to travel to high high groand ground due rescue and evaluation for those persons unable evaluationfor the factor as to what what coald could be done done under under limitingfactor be the limiting woald be evicuation would time availublefor available for a tsunami tsinami evacuation circumstances. circumstances. 1), and and 2001f), (Anonymous 2001 persons to possible" (Anonymous extentpossible" theextent to the disabledpersons The Waldport fire fire department's department's plan is "to evacuate evacuate disabled 2005c): mobility is ongoing ongoing (Gallob 2005c); their concern evacuating people people with with impaired mobility about evacuating concern about to beganto and began fire and enforcementofficials and law enforcement school,fre cotmty, school, fficials and with county, Monday with metMonday The Council met Waldport City Council The Waldport will someday and coastal earthquake geologists say will someday hit say geologists earthquake coastal and tsunami the preparatiins for piece together ofpreparations for the togpther ian agenda of much and schools three and senior facilities, two of its three schools and much of its two senior city hall, the coast. coast. With hall,fire, fire, medical and facilities, itsdowntown core, city With its the tidal waves. wcMes. of tidal to aa series seriesof countyto in this this county vulnerablein mostvulnerable city most is the thecity zone,Waldport Waldporl is of its population in aa tsunami tsunamizone, itspopulation list" the do with a hope of generating a "to do list" the city and hope generating,a "to meeting themeeting calted the Beclcsteid called Facing ScottBeckstead Mayor Scott reality, Mayor this reality, Facing this asked, welch asked, at Herman Welch councilman Herman successfully. Councilman with successfully. weredealt dealt with issueswere other work on. Not Notall all issues other entities could work remained will gofor go forsanitary sanitaryburial' burial. That remained and where where they will bodies,and will collect the bodies, session,who will of the session, start of the start ofthe town's senior seniors out of of how to get seni.ors question of the question wasthe So,too, too, was the meeting. meeting. So, of the the end of open at tie walkers. or walkers. use wheelchairs or when many use apartments and up to high ground, ground, when and facilities, and assisted-livingfacilities, homes,assisted-living nursing homes, notiff nursing possible Solutions. promptly notify could promptly Countycould Possible Lincoln County Solutions. Lincoln possible' as plan soon their evacuation plan as soon as possible. as evacuation retirement about a tsunami tsunami warning, so they can start start centersabout retirement centers better chance chance of of people have have aa-better vulnerable people Lincoln County could also work with with local communities communities to ensure ensure that vulnerable also work Police BeachPolice Gold Beach Office, Gold the Curry County Sheriffs Office, 14, the on June June14, Beachon being in Gold Gold Beach example,in For example, evacuated.For being evacuated. assisted-living an evacuate to residents teamed together evacuate assisted-living teamed together residents and local Department,and Department, Gold Beach Volunteer Fire Department, Beach Volunteer Department, 7 peoplewith with limited community in in less lessthan than30 30minutes minutes(Walker (Walker2005). 2005).Why Whycan't can'tLincoln Lincoln County County be be as as caring for people County? mobility in in tsunami tsunami inundation zones those in in Curry Curry County? zonesas those mobility problem the problem adding to the stop adding least would stop There is also also an alternative alternative that would not help the cunent current situation, situation, but at least There concerns health concerns m_ajorhealth peoplewith major Sinceevacuation evacuationof people of inadequate resources to to evacuate evacuate people people with with limited limitedmobility. mobility. Since inadequateresources problem. that would also not add This add to also alternative death, this to iiselilead (e.g., those on ventilators) could in itself lead death, alternative (e.g., those ventilators) in peoplein for incapacitated people incapacitated facilities of construction prohibit to ordinance alternative is for Lincoln County to adopt ordinance to prohibit construction of facilities to an alternative for Lincoln'County the Administrative Rules allow the Rules allow and Oregon statutes Oregon statutes and PresentlyOregon Lincoln zones. Presently Lincoln County tsunami inundation zones. zones,with the only inundation zones, tsunami inundation centersin tsunami retirement centers and retirement construction assisted-livingfacilities, and homes,assisted-living nursing homes, constructionof nursing with 632-005-0060[3]) and 632-005-0060{3]) and restriction being being a nonbinding nonbinding consultation consultation (Oregon (Oregon Administrative Administrative Rules Rules 632-005-0020[1]tdl 632-005-0020[l][d] restriction residents incapacitatedresidents 50 incapacitated than 50 more than medical facilities with more Industriesfor medical the and Mineral Industries Geology and Deparbmentof Geology the Oregon Oregon Department allows becauseit allows would not stop this option because this option not would stop 37 Measure 2003). Oregon p. Zt; Ot-.tead on (see [1 (e)(D)] in Appendix F on p. 21; Olmstead 2003). Oregon Measure F Appendix (see[l(e)(D)] in does value, and reduces its value, but does not reduces property and use their the of restrict compensation to landowners if government regulations use regulations government lundo*ners if "orp"nrution establish County would not be the first to establish be Lincoln 2004). (State apply to pubtic public health and safety regulations regulations (State of of Oregon Oregon 2004). Lincoln on construction constructionin placedrestrictions restrictionson cities outside outside of Oregon and cities such Oregon have have already already placed counties and other counties becauseother ordinancebecause .u.fr an * ordinance Tsunami Hazard Mitigation also consult National Pleasealso tsunami safety concerns concerns (Appendix (Appendix G G on on p. p. 22). 22). Please National Tsunami Hazard areasfor safety tsunami areas areas. tsunami about construction resources Program (2001 a,b), which are invaluable resources about construction in tsunami areas. invaluable are (2001a,b), which Program *********************************************************************************************** {<******4(*****:F*+x:F********{<********************,k****{<*++'t******{<{<{.**{<*{<***.*{<******rt*******xtlc*** Arrives. WaveArrives. theFirst FirstWave Beforethe Inundationzones Zones Before TsunamiInundation of Tsunami Evacuationof 5) Encourage EncourageEvacuation June14 14 in Although it seems evacuation should done, itit was not done done or was greatly delayed delayed on June should be promptly done, seemsthat evacuation Although 2005a,c,e)' Kimberling 2005a,c,e). 2005a,Kimberling 2005c,Dillman 2005a, (e.g.,Card Choy2005c, 2005b,Choy Card2005b, at andToledo Toledo(e.g., City, and Lincoln City, at least Newport,Lincoln leastNewport, Centerin Tsunami Warning Center & Alaska Tsunami Coast & issuedby the West Coast was issued The tsunami warning was 14, the tsunami June14, The night of June (second and Astoria Seaside, and (second Seaside, Charleston, Oregonfor for Charleston, in Oregon times in predictedarrival arrival times gavepredicted also gave when they also Alaska at 7:59 PM, when Wilson (Earthquake (Earthquake and Tsunami Program Program Coordinator at Oregon Emergency Emergency l5). Jay Wilson page of Appendix B on p. 15). page out the the by sending out sending call" the made "right Warning Center Tsunami Management) said Coast and made the "right call" and Alaska West Coast the said that Munug.1ning earthquake and and off-shore earthquake after a strong coastline Oregon's for warning because there is such a short time evacuating Oregon's coastline strong frame evacuating becausethere such short have been used for used have been could time that cost valuable that waiting any updated seismic have valuable seismic information could have longer for updated any longer Oregon State StateUniversity evacuation (Roddey 2005). Wilson of event are prudent." Oregon that "warnings noted that Wilson noted "warnings for this type of evacuationlRoddeyl0g5). sendout out Warning Center Center to send AlaskaTsunami Tsunami andAlaska West Coast Coastand geologist Jason Jason Chaytor the West important for the that it was was important agreedthat Chaytor agreed geologist and type of of exact location and the because it would have taken more time to determine determine the exact have taken tsunami warning because the June fune 14 14 tsunami that the warning "should said that the "should also (Stauth Chaytor 2005). earthquake and subsequently for creating tsunami (Stauth 2005). Chaytor also said potential creating a tsunami for its subsequently earthquake send out to send out aa hour or more a half waited had Center be taken taken seriously." If the West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center had waited a half hour or more to Warning Tsunami seriously." If the West Coast and Alaska evacuation. evacuation. do an have had time to justifiably not would tsunami warning, local officials would have justifiably complained they would to that they complained tsunami warning, whether confusion about aboutwhether therewas was confusion thatthere at8:06 PM that 8:06PM respondersat On June emergencyresponders local emergency 14,LinCom notified local June14, wave could could The first wave (Eberly The 2005c). PM 8:14 warning at the tsunami there was a tsunami warning or not and confirmed the tsunami warning at 8:14 PM (Eberly 2005c). not and confirmed or tsunami warning there was a on PM, based about 9:05 about 9:10 (section 1) and in Newport at at about 9:05 PM, based on (section 1) and PM City at about calculated as as arriving in Lincoln City be calculated between linedistances distancesbetween p. 15) straightline (Appendix B 15)and andstraight B on on p. predictions tsunami wave andSeaside Seaside(Appendix Charlestonand wave in Charleston predictions of the first tsunami Beach chose to evacuate chose evacuate Beach Bayshore andBayshore asYachats Yachatsand suchas Newport, Charleston, communitiessuch somecommunities Seaside.While While some and Seaside. Charleston,and so they would have have been been able able 8:45-9 PM, so start evacuation evacuationnotification until 8:45-9 City didn't start promptly (Eberly 2005a,c), Lincoln City 2005a,c),Lincoln two hours their complete evacuation takes hours takes evacuation complete anival, since tsunami to complete very little of their evacuation by the 9:10 PM tsunami arrival, since the 9:10 evacuation io complete was tsunami warning was the time time the thetsunami do by by the (Choy 2005c, 2005a,e). Toledo yet decided what to to do hadnot not yet decidedwhat Toledohad Kimberling 2005a,e). 2005c, Kimberling (Dillman 2005a). cancelled (Diliman 2005a). cancelled Newport chose asked people people on beaches beaches to evacuate evacuate (Card 2005b, Kimberling Kimberling and only asked evacuationand choseto do a partial evacuation arrival (where anival the predicted at Crescent City had landed 2005c). Newport Fire Chief Rick Crook said that if a tsunami had landed at Crescent City (where the predicted that if a tsunami said Rick Crook Chief 2005c). Newport Fire time was 8:29 PM) or at a buoy, then they would would have notified notified various various groups groups such such as as Spencer Spencer House, House, the the Hatfield Hatfield Marine Marine their own do facilities to was up to those Science Center, and Oregon Coast Aquarium (see Anonymous 2001 c), but it was up to those facilities to their it (seeAnonymous 2001c), but Oregon Coast ScienceCenter, Even if the the Fire Dept. evacuation as as itit was Fire Fire Dept. Dept. policy policy to to not not help help (e.g., (e.g., for for Spencer Spencer House, House, see see section section 44 on on p. p. 6). 6). Even evacuation makehis his minutesto to make 15minutes the Fire Fire Chief Chief 15 City (which is unlikely), it took the CrescentCity instantaneously knew if tsunami hit Crescent if a tsunami instantaneously telephone contacts c), so so itit could could be be expected expected that that not all facilities would (Anonymous 2001 2001c), daytime (Anonymous 2001 during the daytime contactsin 2001 telephone is have been notified by by 8:44 PM PM at night night when when making making contacts contacts is is not not as as easy easy as as during during "business" "business" hours. hours. It is even been havi even the by the evacuation have completed by completedevacuation p. 6) couldhave 6) could on p. section4 on seesection House,see spencerHouse, (especiallySpencer facilities(especially thesefacilities doubtful thatthese doubtfulthat or on zone South Beach tsunami inundation zone on inundation tsunami peopleliving in thg PM. Further, the soylr. Beach Further,people time the the first tsunami tsunami arrived arrived at about-g:05 about 9:05 pM. time warning warning any had have Chiefs list would not have had any oithe not on that were not the chiefs list would not zonethaiwere inundationzone the Newport Newport Bayfront Bayfront in the the tsunami tsunami inundation the 14 June14 theJune fromthe tsunamifrom thetsunami butthe buoys,but monitoring were that they they were monitoring buoys, saiJtnat ctrief said The Chief from government at at a[. all. The local government from local earthquake 14earthquake June14 theJune afterthe minutesafter 48 minutes tsunamis .rniil until 48 sensitiveto tsunam-ir buoysensitive ffist buoy earthquake would would not have have arrived arrived at at the the first earthquake Warning Tsunami Coast and Alaska Alaska Tsunami Warning and Coast West (Director of the the West iurner lnirector (8:39 pM), PM), according geophysicist Bruce Turner accordingto geophysicistBruce (g:39 Center Buoy Center DataBuoy (NationalData Bay (National coos Bay westof Coos is west which DART Buoy 46405, which is 46405, Buoy DART been have Center)(Ross 2005); trris'wouti this would have been center)(Ross2005); may pages web online night, but although their online web pages may their that night,but although earthquake theearthquake that epicenterof the theepicenter closerto the buoyscloser 2005b). werebuoys Therewere 2005b).There minutes 30 minutes 30 every minutes 20 for 20 minutes every sofor doso onlydo iheyonly height,they waveheight, monitorwave continuouslymonitor these buoys buoys continuously u, if th.r" glanceas first glance appear at first appearat only informationonly updateinformation they and 46022 and 46027, and they update 46027, and +eozz Buoys at hourat Buoys everyhour minutesevery 20 minutes 46213or and46213 at or for 20 46212and Buoys46212 at Buoys have could buoyscould have closerbuoys thesecloser consequently, these 2005c).Consequently, Center2005c). Buoy Center (NationalData DataBuoy respectively(National hour,respectively or hour, minutesor every 30 minutes every30 that anhour hourthat oran minutesor 30minutes *a'oe,30 th" wave, recordedthe hadrecorded buoyshad these buoys oneof these chance,one by chance, und,if by *uu" and, missed tsunami wave recordingaa tsunami missedrecording haveonline online lo-cations have otherlocations andother at Crescent CrescentCity and gaugesat Tidegauges been lost. lost. Tide havebeen would have could have been been used used for evacuation evacuation would couldhave (National (National minutes 6 water height every every 6 minutes height interpreted as as continuous, continuous, but trr"! they o"rv only measure measure water graphs that that could could be be mistakenly mistakenly interpreted graphs tsunami. a misseda tsunami. alsomissed havealso Ocean Service Service 2005), 2005), so so they they could could have 6""* when tsunamiwhen no tsunami beno would be therewould thatthere assurance that assurance reasonable hadreasonable localofficials Jim Hawley reportedly reportedly said said that that local officials had Jim Hawley wave no was information that there was no wave there that information of his source source gl.zgpM for his Jimfor askedJim 2005).II asked (casteel2005). Crescent was not not irit hit at at 8:29 PM (Casteel city was crescentCity ifif them' alerted System would have alerted them, have would System Waming theNational that the National Warning emailthat 29 email June29 in his his June repliedin andhe striking atatg:29pM, 8:29 PM, and he replied striking also also is night glitches that happened that that night, it is happened , perhaps,but otherglitchesthat 19). Perhaps, the other but with all the there had had been been a wave wave (Appendix (Appendix D on on p. p. 19). there delay in in reporting reporting a delay be that for some some ,"uion reason that that there there would would be a but that tsunami*uu", there co,rta could have wave, but beenaa tsunami rruu"been thatthere possiblethat very very possible that word that receivedword had he email if he had received emall 2 July my in Jim in Appendix D). I asked Jim in my July 2 I asked ardJuly it (see (see my June June 27 27 and July 22emails emails Appendix areoften often thereare D). Since Sincethere and I have have not not yet yet receivei received aa risponse'(Appendix response (Appendix D)' wave,and no tsunami specifically said there *u, was no tsunami wave, saidthere specifically he emailhow 27 asked Jim in my June 27 email how he June my in Jim asked 10),I on p. 10), (section7 on the largest largest(section not the oftennot is often first is thefirst andthe multiple tsunami tsunami waves waves and multiple not he has but city, 8:29 PM in Crescent City, but he has not crescent at 8:29 wave, if none none was was reported reported at tsunamiwave, largetsunami could be sure there would would be be no no later later large surethere couldbe been haven't models that haven't been that predicted times times were were only that-piedictions that--predictions based based on on models Further,the (Appendix responded (Appendix D). D). Further, the piedicted responded predicted thepredicted afterthe arrived before or after beforeor arrived have could wave tsunami possible that the tsunami wave could have first is possiblethatthe tested very very often often with with real real events. events. It is tested times. times. people to complete complete andpeople managers emergency managers and emergency encourage betterencourage possible couldbetter countycould Possible Solutions. LincolnCounty solutions.Lincoln reportedin was Sheriff Dotson, who was reported who before the the predicted predicted first t-sunami tsunami *uui wave tit. like sheriff Dotson, ,orr", b"iore evacuation evacuation in tsunami tsunami evacuation zones evacuation evacuation: timelyevacuation: Casteel (2005)as assupporting supportingtimely Casteel(2005) like way. "It "Itisislike theway' getout outof the to get needto peopleneed issued,people areissued, warningsare when[tsunami] He saidwhen alsosaid [tsunamiJwarnings He [SherffDotsonJ [SheriffDotsonJalso i'It's that'" need to understand that." understand need People move.People folks, so so move. to happen, happen, gotn:gto follcs, getting a hurricane hurricane warning," warning," Dotson Dotson said. said "Its going getting put off to put peopleto encourage eventencourage people 14event June14 the June afterthe On the other hand, Jim Jim Hawley's Hawley's reported reported comments comments after otherhand, On the (casteel (Casteel evacuate zonesto evacuate inundationzones tsunamiinundation waiting peoplein tsunami notifu people waitingto notify fire departments departments evacuating and supports local fire supportslocal and evacuating be to be evacuation to anevacuation for an time for enoughtime 19) until there-may there may not not be be enough p.-19) on p. AppendixD on in Appendix emailsin and,2g 2005, 27 and 29 emails June27 seeJune 2005,see By 2005c)' well" (Kimberling 2005c). By (Kimberling really "wentreally that the the Newport Newport evacuation evacuation "went saidthat reportedlysaid Hawleyreportedly completed. example,Hawley Forexample, completed.For because of the little the because accidents evacuation wilfbe wilt be more more panicky panicky and and lead lead to accidents postponing evacuation, evacuation, iiit is is -or" more likely likely thai that an evacuation postponing importanceof public about the theimportance public about the to educate event could have used the June 14 event educate the 14 June the used huu" Hawley time the nrsiwave. first wave. Hawley beforethe time before either' soeither. do so not do "orlld as doesnot (AppendixD) does email(Appendix his email soand andhis doneso havingdone ashaving reported not reported promptly evacuating, but he he is is not but evacuating, promptly * ***** * * * * ******* * * * { c * * { <{ . * * * + + * , | c t * * * * * * i . * * * * * * t + * * * + * * * + * * * * * * * * * ' | . * d <* * { . * ' F ' F * * * * * x . * * * * * * * * * , F * * * * * Docks to Docks Damageto considerable Damage CauseConsiderable wave May Cause public Officials ft Tsunami Wave officials that Even a 5 ft 6) Educate EducatePublic and Boats. and Boats. been onlybeen haveonly wouldhave 14that June14 on June there had had been been aa tsunami tsunami wave wave on that it would Jim Hawley was was reported reported as as saying saying that that ifif there Jim Hawley not did he tsunami information, but he did not but sourceof the his source the 5 ft tsunamiinformation, askedfor his email,I asked lmJzl27 email, about 5 ft ft high high (casteel (Casteel 2005). 2005). In my June about staffto of emergency staff to emergency response the response researching beenresearching havebeen the 19). II have (AppendixD on p. 19). 29 reply reply(Appendix give the source his June June 29 sourcein his givethe the said 1 have found who have have said the who found have I sources only the far the only sources Coast, and sofar andso oregonCoast, entireOregon tt e entire atongthe the tsunami warning warning along 14tsunami June14 theJune 2005). (Casteel2005). Jim Hawley(Casteel JimHawley and 2005b) (Card Dept. is the Newport Fire Dept. (Card 2005b) and Fire Neivport is ite high wave be55 ftft high wouldbe wavewould 9 saidit was was (Card 2005b), and Jim Hawley reportedly 2005b), and beaches(Card The Newport Fire Dept. only evacuated ocean beaches reportedly said evacuatedthe ocean the the Newport The Newport Fire Dept. did justifiable focus on the "lowest-lying areas" areas" (Casteel (Casteel 2005). The did not notifii notify onlyfocus -Bayfront to only wave could could injure injure ft wave However, aa 55 ft Bayfront because because "afive-foot "a five-foot wave wavewould wouldnot notpose poseaathreat threatto tothat that area" area" (Card 2005b). 2005b). However, Newport the at docks people along would be appropriate to people along the docks at the Newport appropriate be warning a so p"opie walking on docks, or sweep away people walking docks, warning r*".p u*uy o, friend asaa friend Further,as Bayfront, South South geach Beach Marina, Embarcadero, Embarcadero, Sawyer's Sawyer's Landing, Landing, and other docks in in Yaquina Yaquina Bay. Further, boats, charter boats, charter fishing boats, to unprepared damage pointed cause considerable considerable damage to unprepared fishing boats, pointed out to me, a 5 foot tsunami wave could cause not require maynot require or may wavemay mayor While aa55ftft wave Undersea Gardens (which is effectively a floating barge), barge), and pleasure pleasure boats. boats. While UnderseaGardens or barges to boats barges to evacuation boat, barge, barge, and and dock owners owners could have have used used the time to to better better secure secure their boats evacuationof the Bayfront, boat, arrive' withstand tsunami wave or to remove remove valuables valuables before before the first tsunami tsunami wave was predicted predicted to to arrive. withstand the tsunami (Landeret etal. al. considerabledamage earthquakecaused The 1964 tsunami from the Alaskan earthquake caused considerable damage in Oregon Oregon harbors harbors (Lander 1964 tsunami references those references don't have those I but waves, normal that normal waves, more powerful that are more wavesare I don't have readthan than tsunami tsunami waves also read havealso 1993). II have available to cite. readily available and boat boat peopleon docks and possible Solution. on docks notiffing people thatnotifying responders emergencyresponders Possible that couldeducate educateemergency Countycould Solution. Lincoln LincolnCounty be and barge barge owners owners is important because because people people could could evacuate evacuate from from docks docks and, and, ifif there there is is time, time, property property owners owners may maybe property losses. losses. able reducetheir property able to reduce ****t<*****'F*:f:N<:8:B:r{<{.****rl.****+****:f***:t*******{.********!t<****,r*:F'F1.*i<*{<********>k***{<***:F**!t******* Waves' Tsunami Waves. After Tsunami and After Before and Control Before People Control and People for Traffic Traffic and 7) Create Plan for Create aa Plan 7) several there is several First,ifif there are crucial for tsunamis. and people There where traffic traffic and people control are tsunamis. First, types of situations situationswhere are two types There are tsunami, to see the the tsunami, coastline to the hours of warning for for a distant distant tsunami, tsunami, itit is very predictable predictable that people people will will to to come come to the coastline to see hours Bacon 1993,Bacon past (Tomlinson 1993, so in the past have done done so Northwest have in the the Pacific Pacific Northwest peoplein wise, because becausepeople even though this is not wise, even though the coupledwith the coastlinecoupled Vehiclesdriving towards 1994, Preuss 1997:37, 40, 41; Anonymous Anonymous 2001a, 200 Ia,Hamner Hamner 2004). 2004). Vehicles towards the the coastline 1997:37,40,41; 1994,Preuss jams' to traffic lead expected departure of people evacuating can be expected to lead to traffic jams. people can be evacuating departure singlewave wave tsunamiisisnot notaasingle A tsunami Second, traffic and first tsunami tsunami wave arrives. arrives. A people control is crucial after the first and people Second,trafFrc being first wave often not but usually usually includes includes several several waves occurring intermittently during several several hours hours with with the the first wave often not being the the but 1964)' (Schatzetetal. al.1964). earthquake(Schatz Alaskanearthquake from the the Alaskan 1964tsunami tsunamifrom largest was demonstrated during the the1964 baysduring demonstratedin Oregon Oregonbays largestas as was hours occurredtwo hours At Yaquina Bay in 1964, George Priest Priest of of DOGAMI DOGAMI noted noted that that the the fifth fifth wave wave was was the the largest, largest, and itit occurred i964, George At after the first tsunami wave (Anonymous 2003), and the the four four children that that were were killed killed at Beverly Beverly Beach awakened awakened after after waves in 1964, tsunami bays Coast (Teal Oregon eightother otherOregon Coast bays in 1964, tsunami waves 1964). At At eight 1964). the first wave but died after a later wave (Schatzetetal. al. eachbay bay(Schatz ateach andchronologies chronologiesat sequences continued and wave, with different different sequences hours after after the the first wave, continuedto arrive 3-4 hours in Oregon Oregon may arrive anive in magnitudemay wavesof large large magnitude (1996) says sayswaves 1964). Research(1996) Land-Margin Research for Coastal Coastal& & Land-Margin Centerfor 1964\. The The Center Consequently, there is also a high risk risk of of sightseers sightseers or evacuees evacuees going into into a "more than 6-8 hours hours after the earthquake." earthquake." Consequently, they have because belongings property, to recover or tsunami inundation zone too soon because of curiosity, to inspect property, or to recover belongings because they have curiosity, to inspect tsunami inundation zone too soon becauseof 1993,Dudley done so so in the the past past (Weller 1972:223, 224, 226; Lander Lander et et al. 1993, Dudley and and Lee Lee 1998:265,27l-272; 1998:265, 271-272; Bryant Bryant 1972:223,224,226; done policelet somepeople people let some but police peopleevacuated, evacuated, andpeople receivedand wasreceived 2001:286). the tsunami but tsunamiwarning warningwas City in in 1964, l964,the In Crescent CrescentCity 2001:286).In killed by bythe the peoplewere werethen thenkilled inconsequential--mostpeople seemedinconsequential--most and business owners return because wavesseemed the first two waves becausethe owners return and business (Landeret et al. al. 1993:102-103). 1993:102-103). fourth wave (Lander fourth wave Unfortunately, in 1998, 22% of Oregon coastal residents residents believed believed that that itit was was safeto to return return after the the first first wave, wave, Oregoncoastal 1998,22oh (Appendix H p.24). 24). on authorities local authorities (Appendix H on p. approvalfrom local receiving approval return only after after receiving and only 31% knew that it was was safe safeto return and gointo areas. to go into tsunami tsunamiareas. is safe safeto know when when itit is expected that even even a smaller percentageof visitors would know smaller percentage It is to be expected the initial initial tsunami tsunami evacuation evacuation may may be be successful, successful, but but itit is is predictable predictable that that people people may may lose lose their their lives lives after after Accordingly, the zone' go a tsunami inundation into when the first or second wave when they go into a tsunami inundation zone. they secondwave the The Newport of June June 14, does not not appear appear to to have have been been any any traffic traffic control control in in at at least least Newport. Newport. The 14, there does The night of Further, Police LinCom, and the the Police Police Dept. Dept. did did not not have have an an emergency emergency plan plan (Card (Card 2005b). 2005b). Further, Police Chief was not notified by LinCom, ifif consequences have had tragic could warning that there were traffic blockages Highway 101 during the tsunami warning that could have had tragic consequences the tsunami l0l during Highway along blockages were traffic there stopped the Yaquina workers warning, construction there had been a tsunami. During the tsunami warning, construction workers on Yaquina Bay Bridge stopped traffic, the tsunami been tsunami. During there traffic in in stoppedtraffic in South Beachstopped workers in SouthBeach pers.comm.), and construction constructionworkers caused delays delays (Card (Card 2005a; Hagan,pers. comm.), and John Hagan, 2005a; John which caused anonymous, remain wishes to remain anonymous, pers.comm.; comm.; aa friend who wishes thetsunami inundation (SusanCain, 101(Susan Cain, pers. zonealong Highway 101 alongHighway inundationzone the.tsunami pers.comm.). pers. comm.). 10 10 example, evacuation efforts (Gallob 20050' 20050. For example, Departmentis not involved in evacuation The Lincoln Lincoln County Sheriffs Department (Casteel 2005): warning tsunami (Casteel 2005): about their policy for a tsunami said about have said Sheriff Dotson was reportei to have was reported SheriffDotson Dotson equipment'Dotson and equ4ment, of the training and there. Because Becawe of staythere. tofind Sheriffs deputies find high ground and stay instructedto are instructed deputiesare something don't do something to we don't afierwards. "If "If we respond afterwards. to respond one of thL said the ag"nii"s"best agencies best prepared to ofice is one sheriffs office the sher?ffs said the with beachwith the beach go down on the police go andpolice Dotson iaid. said. "Iffire and i1f " Ootson ao it?" going to n do who'sgoing personnel,who's protect and personnel, equipmentand protect equipment "If .fir" will we will equipment,we theequlpmen4 with the lesvewith try to to leave we try Whenwe highways. When the highways. orZ phg loudspeakers, people irtt will gut get in in their their cars and plug the Ioudspeakers,pe:ople "oi, victim." becomeaavictim'" and become messand themess get through tlrough the not be able to get b-eable 2001f;, (Anonymous 20010, emergency in waldport Waldport (Anonymous fiaffrc control during a tsunami emergency Sheriffs reportedly help in traffic would reportedly deputieswould Sheriffs deputies tsunami people out of tsunami traffic and and people people control to try try to keep keep people plan to to help in traffic huu"ua plan o"pu.t but does have doesthe Sheriffs Department "nt areas? areas until until an "All "All Clear" in other areas? areas Departmentcould work Lincoln County Sheriffs Department such a possible have such alreadyhave not already doesnot Possible Solutions. a plan, the Lincoln solutions. IfIf ititdoes the people are are driving to the when traffic and people control for people and people departmentson au cooperative plan for traffic with community police departments "oop.rutive tsunami tsunami going into residents, and and property owners owners from going into sightseers,residents, keep sightseers, also to try to keep and also coastline tsunami and seeaa tsunami coastlineto see can deparhnentscan fire departments andfire 2004) and issued. State Parks staff (Hamner 2004) staff(Hamner Parks State issued. inundation zones until until an official official "All "All Clear" has has bien been inundation zones people' andpeople. managetraffic and authority to try to manage have the authority agencieshave enforcementagencies evacuate people,but law enforcement evacuatepeople, have not have departmentswould not and community police departments Dept. and Unfortunately, it must be recognized recognized that that the the Sheriffs Dept. to important be would it Soit would be important to because they are so extensive. extensive. So enough staff to keep keep people people out of of tsunlami tsunami inundation zones zones because enough 2001f)' (Anonymous Waldport has has proposed proposed (Anonymous 20010. prioritize areas and to also also enlist the help of other community staff to help as waldport areasandto p.io.itiz" *r.**********x*x:t ******d<**,F'F*{.***,1.{.****{c**{<********d<********d.ttr***{.******!t*****'F+*'t*tr'************ to Residents. ResidentsEvacuation Maps Maps to Distribute Evacuation S) Distribute 8) preparedfor beingprepared aboutbeing Countyabout Lincoln County peoplein Lincoln job educatepeople to educate trying to outstanding Jim job of trying anoutstanding hasdone donean Hawleyhas Jim Hawley clear event,it is clear 14event, June14 the June services afterthe servicesafter emergency otheremergency andother jammingof phonJlines otgt iinesof ofphone tsunamis. However, 911t and withjamming However,with tsunamis. above above safely were who residents that many do. It is also probable that many residents who were safely probable needto do. It is also that many not aware what they they need awareof *hut arenot residentsare manyresidents that unnecessarily Newportunnecessarily peoplein in Newport have to evacuate. evacuate. Some Somepeople not have did not that they know tsunami inundation zones did not know that they did not did zones tsunamiinundation as congestion traffic causetraffic congestion couldcause as 2005),which whichcould Rooney2005), andRooney (e.g.,Diliman i}}su,Henke Dillman 2005a, evacuated all Toledo(e.g., Henke and way to Toledo theway all the evacuated accidents. risk of accidents. well therisk increasethe asincrease well as color six color creatingsix communities were were involved involvedin creating andmany ServicesAvlanagement Lincoln and many communities EmergencyServices/Management CountyEmergency Lincoln County in map waldport of black and white reproduction of Waldport map in reproduction (e.g.,see seeblackandwhite communities(e.g., county communities tsunami maps iin"ot" County mapsfor Lincoln evacuation tsunamievacuation remarkable a contain maps 2005).These Thesemaps contain a remarkable Industries2005). andMineral MineralIndustries oi Geology Geologyand Dept.of Appendix Oregon Dept. p. 25-26 andOregon 25-26and onp. AppendixI on They specifically show what areas need or do do NOT need need to be be need areas what show They specifically form.a compact amount of essential in a compact form. informationln essentialinformation amount an do in what to I). They give instructions for what to do in an for give instructions They (Appendix communities evacuated and and where where to evacuate evacuate to in these these communities (Appendix evacuated also Yachats and Salishan-Gleneden Beach, Waldport, and Yachats also Waldport, Beach, Salishan-Gleneden City, LincolnCity, mapsfor forLincoln Themaps earthquake or tsunami warning. warning. The or for aa tsunami earthquake towns those that indicate for Lincoln City and Waldport Waldport indicate that those towns and maps Lincoln Themaps include directions directions for an an emerg.n"y emergency kit kit (Appendix (Appendix I). The include in aa is in siteis thesite indicatesthe top of aa street signindicates streetsign near thetop yellow band a iuf"ty, tsunami have marked their street signs for tsunami safety: a yellow band near the signslor street their havemarked (AppendixI). I). is not not(Appendix the site siteis indicatesthat greenband bandindicates tsunami zone, while that the while aa green haz-ardzone, tsunamihazard Tsunami" link of andTsunami" The color maps are are available available on the the Internet Internet at at the the "Earthquake "Earthquake and color maps The Geology Dept.of Geology theOregon OregonDept. andthe Lincoln Emergency Management's Management's http://www.lincolncoemergencyservices.us http://www.lincolncoemergencyservices.us and CountyEmergency Lincoln County many UnforLunately, Unfortunately, many http://www.o."gong"o1ogy.com/earthquakes/CoastaVTsubrochures.htm. IndustrieJhttp://www.oregongeology.com/earthquakes/CoastallTsubrochures.htm. and Mineral Mineral Industries' and them. with them. familiarwith and becomefamiliar andbecome beforehand themout outbeforehand residents do do not not know know that that these these maps maps exisi exist or have have not printed printed them residents Lincoln oneLincoln thatone believethat these maps. maps. II believe copiesof these possibleSolutions. distributecopies widelydistribute to widely veryhelpful helpfulto Possible wouldbe bevery Solutions.ItItwould bill' but water with their tsunami map for their community with their water bill, but thetsunamimap their community ofthe copiesof distributeO County copies alreadydistributed havealready mayhave communitymay Countycommunity of method communities to to distribute distribute maps maps like that, that, though though that that method ThLCounty Countycould encourage oth.r may be mistaken. mistaken. The other communities II mayte "ouid "nrourug" apartments)' those living in apartments). (e.g., those living bills water receive do not distribution would not reach people who do not receive water bills (e.g., who distributionwould not reachpeople in friendsin or friends famifyor havefamily or may mayhave in another anotheror but work work in onetown town but in one live in Since many many Lincoln Lincoln County County residents residents live Since newspaper like a County communities in something like a newspaper something Lincoln Countycommunities of all allLincoln mapsof to distribute distributemaps another, usefulto veryuseful wouldbe bevery another,itit would t1 11 Commerce,City Chamberof Commerce, free at Chamber insert newspapers as as well well as as being made made available for for free insert that could also be published in newspapers seewhat also to see evacuated or not and also and seewhich residentscould see Hall, or other community facilities. facilities. Then which areas areas need need to to be be evacuated Then residents Hall, is reproductionis and color reproduction Becausethe original maps they need need to do in in all all Lincoln Lincoln County County communities. communities. Because maps are are in color and copies and white copies However, black and expensive, deterrent to wide dishibution distribution of color copies copies of these these maps. maps. However, cost would be a deterrenf expensive,cost News-Times TheNews-Times distribute. The show details details adequately adequately (e.g., (e.g., Appendix Appendix II on p.25-26) p. 25-26) and would would be be more more economical economical to to distribute. more legible if beenmore have been paper,but itit would have 2004 paper, December2004 the 29 December printed rnupson p. A2 of the evacuafiottmaps Lincoin City evacuation printed the Lincoln better detail show Other evacuation maps show better maps evacuation legible. Other morelegible. beenmore map had hadbeen color map had been been printed printed larger, and if the the original color larger, and itit had and it save that people could easily save it, and people could easily is insertis newspaperinsert like aanewspaper somethinglike Lincoln Cify City map. The of something advantageof Theadvantage than the Lincoln distribute prepareand and distribute partnerwith with communities communities to prepare couldpartner TheCounty Countycould could also also be made made available available in in other facilities. The available. to be continue maps years), the so that copies at regular intervals (e.g., five years), maps to available. (e.g., five every copies regular *rl.*****{<*****+*{<*+**{.*:F******{.*****f +d.**:t*****'t **d<rF{<**********{<****{.+*******+***{<*:F*********'t{c* EducateVisitors. Visitors. 9) Educate otherlocal local and other Iverson, and Emergency Management Director Jim Hawley, Sheriff Dotson, Dotson, LinCom LinCom Director Lynne Iverson, EmergencyManagement 2005a,b; Card (e.g., 2004a,c; Gallob education about tsunamis (e.g., Gallob 2004a,c; Card 2005a,b; about tsunamis public education for better emergency r".pond"tr responders point to to the need need for emergency is mostly mostly educationis Casteel ZtiOS, 2005, -noy Choy Z111a,Eberly 2005a, Eberly 2AAic;Kimberling 2005c; Kimberling 2005a). 2005a). However, previous previous and and current currentpublic education Casteel reportedly said Jim Hawley reportedly said Manager directed coastal residents, residents, and Lincoln Lincoln County's County's Emergency Emergency Services Services Department Department Manager directed to coastal potential often unaware of potential unaware and tsunami education education efforts have have been been successful successful with with locals, but visitors are are earthquakeand that earthquake seentsunami tsunami not seen had not residentshad documentedin Washington, dangers Washington, where only 24-260/o 24-26% of of residents This has beendocumented hasbeen Z0O4).This dangers(Richins 2004). visitors (Appendix H on to 76-80%o tsunami compared preparing a for for hazard maps or heard received information preparing for compared 76-80% of received or nazanmaps heard H)' governments federal, state, visitors had received tsunami information from federal, state, or local governments (Appendix H). had received tsunami p.24). p. 24). Further, Further,no casualties Visitors are are often more numerous numerous than than residents, residents, so, ifif they they are are not not educated educated about tsunamis, tsunamis, most casualties Visitors could be of visitors. For example, it has been reported that "Lincoln County has apopulation of 43,000, but eight months Forexample,ithasbeenreportedthat"LincolnCountyhasapopulationof43,000,buteightntonths couldbeofvisitors. beach and beach campgroundsand ntotels,campgrounds who head head to motels, vacationerswho of vacationers becauseof to 100,000 100,000because out of the year year that number number increases increasesto (Geist 2004). 2004). houses" houses"(Geist the alsohas responsibility for the hasaaresponsibility Countyalso Possible tourism, thenLincoln Lincoln County encourages tourism,then Countyencourages LincolnCounty Solutions. IfIfLincoln PossibleSolutions. change, there is aa change, but unless unlessthere methods,but educationalmethods, tsunamieducational safety of of its guests. guests. Lincoln continuecurrent currenttsunami could continue County could Lincoln County safety that there there them that inform them not scare scarevisitors--simply inform in aa way to not will not reach reach all all visitors. visitors. Education donein could be bedone Educationcould doing so wili to do. do. whatto aboutwhat information about give them them information is one, one,then then give is a very small risk of a tsunami, tsunami, but if there there is governments. putup city governments. to be beput upby by city signsto One method is to encourage routesigns evacuationroute andevacuation tsunami hazard hazardand more tsunami encouragemore One method try to andtry to evacuationsigns signsand andevacuation warning and of tsunami tsunamiwarning give them The County sourcesof govemmentsand andgive them sources contactcity governments could contact County could to do do and and what to likely to to know know what morelikely would be bemore visitors would persuade signs. With signs,visitors moresigns, With more persuadethem that it is important to put up signs. prepared. are do and what less anxious. Fear is more likely among people who do not what to do and who are not prepared. people do not who among less anxious. Fear is more likely signs tohave havesigns zonesto inundationzones in tsunami tsunamiinundation Another facilities in tourist facilities hotels,and andtourist motels,hotels, is to encourage encouragemotels, option is Another option already posted or evacuation evacuation maps maps available to all-not all--notjust just to to those those visitors visitors who who request request information information because because only only the the already availableto posted (2003) Industries(2003) andMineral Industries of Geology Geology and Departmentof educated would know know to to ask for for information. The The Oregon OregonDepartment educatedvisitor would (2005a) Choy thatwould be has put out information "Tsunami preparedness guide for Oregon lodging lodgingfacilities" facilities" that would be helpful. Choy (2005a) guidefor Oregon preparedness information"Tsunami has of education canter, favors visitor of Chamber Commerce reported that Carole Barkhurst, manager of the Depoe Bay Chamber of Commerce visitor center, favors education of Bay managerof the Carole .epott"d residents: tourists asresidents: touristsas aswell as Barkhurst said she try to make tsunami tsunami information informationreadily readilyavailable availablefor for residences residences and and she believes believes it's valuable to try Barkhurst said have warning town tsunami motel in motels. She would eventually like see single residence residence and and in town have tsunami warning to see single every would eventually She motels. information, sshe said he said. inform,ation, 12 12 visitors: educationof visitors: need for education the need (2005e) also reportedthe also reported And And Gallob (2005e) of to create create a'culture a 'culture of "need to suggestswe "need Onno Husing suggests director Onno Association director ManagementAssociation ZoneManagement Oregon CoastalZone Oregon Coastal have tsunami tsunami have to need we visitors), we need to (ocals and and,visitors), people(locals warn people to warn timeto little time solittle preparedness." Since will be beso theriwfll Sincethere preparedness.,,, qrgues,what to do and Husing argues, in advance, Visitors must know in advance, tcnow iust Vjsito)s hebelieves. believes. thinking,""he ourthinking, preparedness intoour bredinto preparednessbred ' One culture' One the culture. of the part of known and-accepted and accepted - aapart be widely Imown must be iiformation must to happen, happen, the information thatto do. For that not to do. telling Husing said, telling motel room, Husing and motel hotel and in every ,rrry hotel tent-cards in is to place tent-cards tourisis is way of of getting getting information information to tourists information, just in certain lvtow iust need several hundred years, they need to know they eu"iy several hundredyears, only every comeonly visitors that tsunamiscome while tsunamis that while case. case. issues: liability issues: about liability reported about also reported Vittek (2005) also Vittek tsunamis'.... about tsunamis warnings but nothing "' "Hotels might andwarnings routes and evacuationroutes Hotels are post fire evacuation to postfire required to are required ryothiyS and Convention Convention and Lincoln the out," [Sandy] Pfaff[of the Lincoln City Visitor guestsdidn't get some guests become liable civilly civilly iff some [SandyJ Piaff [of becometiable said' Bureau] said. Bureaul (2005) Barker (2005) example,Barker voluntarily put put out out tsunami tsunami information. information. For For example, Some lodging facilities facilities in Lincoln Lincoln city City have have voluntarily Some reported: reported: every in every postedsigns signsin voluntarily posted He voluntarily beach. He sitsright on the beac-h. D-Sands,sits theD-Sands, hotel,the Winters'hotel, [Hotel KevinJWinters' managerKevin] [Hotel manager putting so doing, are so putting to know lmow what we are want to "Guestswant case of of aa tsunami. "Guests gurrti what to do in ci,ase *i* guests room that that warn room' hotel hotel room. every required "he says, however not in every are signs however he sqts, ease," something put our gurri, guests at ease, somethingup like this should put strong been a strong had been city, had in Lincoln City, Head in spanish Head the Inn at Spanish managerof the the manager was the Further, Eaton, who formerly was Robert Eaton, Further, Robert of Dept' for Oregon Dept. of oregon press release and the the press release Vittek 2005), 2005), and (Loss 2003, 2003, vittek guests(Ross advocate advocateof putting out information for his guests Eaton, has replaced Robert Eaton, Robert replaced in its its preparation. preparation. Matt Foley has indi-catesthat he helped in Geology and Industries (2003) indicates and Mineral Industries (2005) wrote: Stanfrll (2005) wrote: (Stanfill 2005). 2005). Stanfihl who recently retired(Stanfihl rJcently retired Eaton's "visionary" continueEaton to continue heplans to said he and Foley said tsunamipreparedness, wastsunami passions One of of Eaton,s Eaton passions was preparedness, and 'W, 's people's thesepeople ,,1 responsible have 200 guests. Jam for these I amresponsible for 200guests. Fotey ,itd. vested,'"Foley work. "I am said. "We could hove pisonally vested, ampersonally map as evacustion tstmamievacuation map as hasaa tsunami inn has the oceanfront oceanfront inn Each room in the code." Each innkeepers'ihe innkeepers' safety. code." of the That;spart of safety. That's suggests sheetsuggests Thesheet in case case of of aa tsungmi. tsunami. The paper detailing what to do in_ well as as ao two-sided, yellowpiece piece of ofpaper *o-iidrd," bright yelliw of questions questions a series as local emergency assembly areas as well as a series as areas assembly emergency head to high grZund, ground, andirsts and lists trurrit several local visitors head said' he said. "People trust their safety with us,""he with us, safety their trust ... '.. answers. "People and answers. and zonesto inundation zones in tsunami tsunami inundation ordinancerequiring lodgings an ordinance passan The third option is for Lincoln Lincoln County to pass lodgings resistedtsunami because some have resisted tsunami information some lodging facilities have available because made available require tsunami information is made that tsunami require that coastal lodgings in coastallodgings require to Senate oregon business. A Bill in the 2003 Oregon Senate to require zool ttri Bill in efforts, since are afraid it might hurt their business. A sincethey are the coastal coastal concern and evacuation routes failed because of concern from because tsunami zones to display tsunami tsunami warnings and evacuationroutes inundation zones tsunami inundation director of the the director executive 2005, the the executive re-introducedin 2005, was re-introduced Bill was ti'e Bill After the tourism (Ross2003, 2003,welch Welch2005). 2005). After tourism industry (Ross amended to was amended the Bill was and of Florence objected (Welch 2005), and Bill (welch 2005), objected Florence Mayor and Newport Chamber commerce and chamter of Commerce 2005 introduced in 2005 Bill introduced theBill of the text of original text Theoriginal 27). The meaninglessness *J and uppears appears unlikely unlikely of of passing passing (Appendii (Appendix J on p. 27). meaninglessn"r, zones' inundation zones. applies only to lodgings in tsunami tsunami inundation ooain*". that applies county Ordinance Lincoin County could serve template for aa Lincoln as aa template serveas 13 13 National NOAAs NOAA'sNational Meteorologist, CoordinationMeteorologist, (WamingCoordination Wilde (Warning TyreeWilde fromTyree emailfrom 2005email July2005 APPENDIX AppENDIX A. 11July Bayer. RangeBayer. to Range OR)to Portland,OR) Weather Service,Portland, WeatherService, 14,,52:16'0700 Jul2005 0l Jul Date: 2005 14:52:16 -0700 Fri, 01 Date:Fri, gov> From: Tyree TyreeWilde Wilde<Tyree.Wilde@noaa. <Tyree.Wildenoaa.gov> From: To: To: Range Range Bayer Bayer Coast theOregon OregonCoast Alongthe WarningAlong TsunamiWarning 14Tsunami Subject: Re: June June14 SubjectRe: Range Range to answersto here'ssome someanswers Anyway,here's most of the the week. week. Anyway, office most the office out of the beenout you,but butI've I've been getback to you, backto Sorry it,s it's taken taken awhile awhile to get Sorry questions. your your questions. Center andPacific Tsunami Waming Warning Center (ATWC) and Pacific Tsunami Tsunami Warning Warning Center Center(ATWC) that the the two bulletins bulletins from from the the Alaska Alaska Tsunami I agree agreethat the of the coastof west for the warnings and responsible for issuing Tsunami Watches and warnings for the west coast watches Tsunami issuing is responsible ATWC is youknow, know,ATWC As you (PTWC) caused confusion. confusion. As (prwc) caised and Hawaii'US includeHawaii, the Pac.ific Pacific Basin, Basin, to include US territories, territories, and pTWChas for the responsibility hasresponsibility ThePTWC US, BC, the rest rest of the andAK. The BC,and US, -It an issues centerissues the other that their area, that the other center an area their warning a pacific. , issues center It is important when one center issues a warning for one when is important other islands/countries islands/countries in the the Pacific. other get to requested have and peoplelike likeand have requested to get on. Many goingon. Manypeople what'sgoing know what's elsewhere) *"uio, theirarea in their information bulletin to let people in (or elsewhere) know let people informationbulletin since Tsunamisince Indonesian the since true is especially activity. This is especially true since the Indonesian Tsunami This activity. Tsunami of any aware ,o'ttr.y'r" bulletins from both centers so they're aware of any Tsunami centers bulletinsfrom both very Peopleare arevery that area. area. People quakesin that for quakes pTWC has bulletinsfor informationbulletins info information issuinginfo PTWC been issuing hasbeen interested in this Phenomena. phenomena. interested in canbe bejustified whichcan carefully,which justified in thebulletin bulletincarefully, didn'tread readthe (aspeople peopledidn't confusion(as createconfusion didcreate bulletinsdid two bulletins However, sincethese thesetwo However,since and are clear they so bulletins these improve the format of these bulletins so they are clear and format the improve to itemto actionitem anaction takenan hastaken agencyhas the heat heat of the the moment), moment), our our agency the PTWC butPTWC waming,but thewarning, ATWC-would issuethe would issue theATWC again,the happenagain, io happen *"." to scenario samescenario thesame complement one anothei. another. For example, ifif the were For-example, one complement Tsunami no Tsunami but the US", coast west the Tsunami Warning is in effect for the West Coast of the US", but no for effect is warning that Tsunami AoR theirAOR that "A "A for their theirbulletin bulletinfor could statein their clearlystate couldclearly could could PTWC issued tsunami warning warning for Hawaii, Hawaii, the the ATWC issueda tsunami versaif PTWC vice versa Warning effect for for the the rest rest of of the the pacific PacificBasin. Basin. Vice warning is in effect Pacific' part the of going on in the the other other part of the Pacific. going on what know coast west people on the let issue a irfo info bulletin bulletin to people on the west coast know what issue variouscommunication communication via various 14via June14 pm PDT on June PDT on Warning at 7:56 pm theTsunami Tsunamiwarnngat7:S6 issuedthe ATWCissued theATWC As thenotification, notification,the As for the NWS Wire, Weather NOAA (NAWAS), Weather Wire, NWS System(NAWAS), Alert System WarningAlert NationalWarning theNational arethe (notinclusive) inclusive)are methods. Some (not examples Someexamples methods. afterthe Immediately etc. circuits, internet, email, EMWIN, etc. Immediately after the EMWIN, email, pAA comm commcircuits,intemet, Guardcomm USCoast CoastGuard circuits,US communication circuits, FAA commcircuits, circuits, communication oR, point wA, warning point (AK, WA, OR, warning state each contact to NAWAS (basically a telephone hotline) contact each state usedNAWAS (basicallya telephonehotline) ATWC used theATWC message was transmitted transmitted the n'.rrug" was at (OERS) facility Response Emergency warning point is the Oregon Emergency Response (OERS) at point oregon the thestate statewgning InOregon, Oregon,the CA) verbally relay relay the the warning. warning. In uiOBC to verbally Cel and pts the oERS occurred, warning call between ATWC and the state warning pts occurred, the OERS state the and ATwc between iheNAWAS NAWAS call oncethe Oregon Emergency Emergency Management Management in Salem. Salem. Once oregon county Thecounty county 9l (usually a county County Sheriff Sheriffss office 911I center). center). The office or County coast(usually thecoast on the ptsvia NAWAS on via NAWAS folks contacted the the counry-warning county warning pts folks contacted several several using their county within (EMs, police, fire, community officials) within their county using officials) community police, fire, (EMs, offrciats communityofficials andcommunity countyand warning points points then then notified notified county warning Enforcement Law oregon on the also disseminated on the Oregon Law Enforcement disseminated also was Warning Tsunami The dissemination methods each each county countyuses. uses. The Tsunami Warning was methods dissemination via messages Thesemessages Salem.These via downlinkin Salem. wire downlink weatherWire NoAA Weather frornthe feedfrom automated anautomated Dissemination System feed the NOAA i, an (LEDS),which *hi"h is System(LEDS), Dissemination how how on times--depending differenttimes--depending on received_at at different havebeen beenreceived mayhave bulletinmay theATWC ATWC bulletin So,the LEDS several communities/agencies. So, go.. to several inos goes received people/agencies several received "o--,rniti"r/agencies. severalpeople/agencies Also, after. minutes a few to It may have been 1 minute after minutes after. Also, after I minute 6een have Ii may received or agency an individual agency received it. an individual an pm PDT I at 8:1 NOAA Weather Radio transmitters at 8:11 pm PDT with an transmitters Radio Weather our overour warningover thewarning transmitted Wealso alsotransmitted the bulletin bulletin several several methods. methods. We the the activation. EAS EAS activation. bulletin. like the ATWC bulletin. just like theATWC networkjust LEDSnetwork overthe theLEDS disseminated wasdisseminated The pTWC PTWC bulletin bulletin was was issued issued at 7:59 pm PDT. PDT. ItIt was over at7:59 The etc' internet, services' subscriber this bulletin email, subscriber services, internet, etc. via email, bulletin alsoreceived receivedthis markets)also mediamarkets) Many (including (includingmedia people/agencies Manypeople/agencies above'] answered effectivelyanswered they areeffectively above.] theyare because includedbecause questions not included is not specificquestions my specific answeringmy [The his message message answering is partof his [Thepart probably wouldprobably need additional additional information. information. ItIt would you need meif you contactme to contact freeto Pleasefeel feelfree I hope hope II have have answered answered your your questions. questions. Please email. processvia via email. entire dissemination process dissemination theentire capturethe phonesince to capture hardto it'shard sinceit's be via phone discussvia betterto discuss bebetter Tyree Wilde TyreeWilde Warning Coordination Meteorologist Meteorologist WamingCoordination OR Portland,OR Service,Portland, NOAA's National Weather Weather Service, NOAA'sNational www'wrh.noaa.goviportland web:www.wrh.noaa.gov/portland web: 5031326-2598 fax: 503/326-2598 5031326-2340x223 voice: x223 fax: uoi."r 503/326-2340 ryree.wilde@noaa.gou email: tyree.wilde@noaa.gov email: OR97230-1089 97230-1089 Portland, Ave,Portland, address: 5241 OR l22ndAye, NE 122nd 5241NE address: 14 l4 2005 for the the 14 14June June2005 Alaska for Warning Center Centerin in Alaska APPENDIX Coastand andAlaska AlaskaTsunami TsunamiWarning warningissued issuedby bythe theWest WestCoast B. The Thetsunami tsunamiwarning APPENDIX B. As earthquake off northern California. California. II downloaded June 2005. As messagefrom from http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov/old_msg.txt http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov/old_msg.txton 18 June downloadedthis this message earthquakeoff new messages added, older messages messages are removed, removed, so so this this message message may mayno no longer longerbe beavailable. available. The message message below below is in in the the same same messagesare added, for teletypes. teletypes. format as was on their web site and is is in in aa format format appropriate appropriatefor as it was site and WEPA41 P A A Q150256 150256 W E P A 4 1PAAQ TSUWCA TSUWCA - IN TSUNAMI WARNING WARNING SYSTEM TSUNAMI SYSTEM PARTICIPANTS PARTICIPANTS IN ALASKA/BRITISH COLUMB IA/WAS HINGTON/OREGON ALASKA/ BRI T I SH COLUMBIA/WASHINGTON/OREGON/CALIFORNIA / CALI FORNIA - WEST WARNTNGCENTER/NOAA/NWS WEST COAST AND ALASKA ALASKA TSUNAMI TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER/NOAA/NWS COAST AND FROM FROM INITIAL WARNING TSUNAMI W A R N I N GBULLETIN B U L L E T I N - INITIAL SUBJECT S U B J E C T - TSUNAMI BULLETIN N U M B E R11 B U L L E T I N NUMBER 0 2 5 6 UTC UTC 0 6 / 1 , 5 / 2 0 0 5 AT A T 0256 rISSUED s s u E D 06/15/2005 TO TO T H E COASTAL I S IN I N EFFECT E F F E C T FOR F O R THE C O A S T A LAREAS AREAS . ATTSUNAMI SUNAMI W WARNING A R N I N GIS ...A FROM CALIFORNIA-MEXICO BORDER TO TO THE THE NORTH TIP OF BORDER NORTH TIP OF THE CALIFORNIA-MEXICO FROM VANCOUVER I . - B C . INCLUSIVE... I N C L U S I V E .. . V A N C O U V E1.-BC. R . AREAS C O A S T A LA FROM . AT TSUNAMI EFFECT A T C HIIS N E F F E C T FOR F O R THE T H E COASTAL R E A S FROM S U N A M I WWATCH S IIN ...A V A N C O U V E1.-BC. R T O SITKA-AK... SITKA-AK... THE NORTH O R T HTIP T I P OF ] . - B C . TO O F VANCOUVER THE N . B U L L E T I N IS I N F O R M A T I O NONLY FOR T H I S TIME T I M E THIS T H I S BULLETIN ] S FOR F O R INFORMATION O N L Y FOR . AT A T THIS OTHER A R E A SOF O F ALASKA... ALASKA... O T H E RAREAS EARTHQUAKE DATA EARTHQUAKEDATA 7.4 PRELIMINARY MAGNITUDE .4 A G N I T U D E- 7 P R E L I M I N A R YM LOCATION 41.3N 4 1 . 3 N 125.7W 1 , 2 5 . 7 WLOCATION TIME TrME - N W OF 90 MILES 90 M I L E S NW O F EUREKA-CA. EUREKA-CA. 300 MILES I L E S NW N W OF FRANCISCO-CA. 3 OO M O F SAN S A N FRANCISCO-CA. 1851 ADT 1851 A D T 06/14/2005 06/14 /2005 1951 1 9 5 1 PDT P D T 06/14/2005 06/r4/2005 0251 0 2 5 1 UTC 06/15/2005 U T C 06/15/2005 EVALUATION EVALUATION IT TSUNAMI EXISTS BUT BUT A IS NOT NOT KNOWN KNOWN- REPEAT REPEAT NOT NOT KNOWN KNOWN- IF IF A TSUNAMI IT IS TSUNAMI THEREFORE PERSONS MAY HAVE HAVE BEEN BEEN GENERATED. GENERATED. THEREFORE PERSONSIN LOW IN LOW TSUNAMI MAY LYING COASTAL COASTAL AREAS AREAS SHOULD ALERT TO TO INSTRUCTIONS INSTRUCTIONS FROM SHOULD BE ALERT FROM THEIR LOCAL EMERGENCY OFFICIALS. OFFICIALS. PERSONS ON THE THE BEACH BEACH SHOULD MOVE TO PERSONSON TO SHOULDMOVE LOCAL EMERGENCY HIGHER GROUND IF WARNED AREA. AREA. TSUNAM]S TSUNAMIS MAY MAY BE A SERIES OF OF IF IN IN A WARNED HIGHER GROUND WAVES FOR WHICH COULD DANGEROUS HOURSAFTER THE WAVESWHICH COULD BE BE DANGEROUS FOR SEVERAL SEVERAL HOURS AFTER THE INITIAL WAVEARRIVAL. ARRIVAL. lNITIAL WAVE $$ PzZ13O-131-133-134-132-135-150-153-156-110-250-210-255-350ii,rt t o- t=1 - 133- 134- 1-32- r 35-1 s 0- 1s 3- 1s 6- 110- 2s o- 2 1-o- 255- 3s o353-356-450-455-550-530-535-555-670-673-650-655-750 0 - W A 2001001,3 5 3 - 3 5 6 - 4 5 0 - 4 5 5 - 5 5 0 - 5 3 0 - 5 3 5 - 5 5 5 - 6 7 0 - 6 7 3 - 6 5 0 - 6 5 5 - 7 5 -WAZ 002-005-006-007-008-009-010-011-013-014-015-016-021-ORZOO10 02-005-006-007-008-009-010-011-013-014-015-016-021-oRz]}I002-021-022A Z j 0001-002-005-007-006-075-074-009-034-035-0391 , -0 0 2 - 0 0 5 - 0 0 7 - 0 0 6 - 0 7 5 - 0 7 4 - 0 0 9 - 0 3 4 - 0 3 5 - 0 3 9 0 0 2 - 0 2 I - 0 2 2 - CCAZ 040-046-041-042-043-1504560 4 0 - 0 4 6 - 0 4 L - 0 4 2 - 0 4 3 - 1 5 0 45 6 COASTAL AREAS FROM FROMTHE CALIFORN]A-MEXICO BORDER THE CALIFORNIA-MEXICO BORDERTO TO THE COASTAL AREAS THE T I P OF NORTH O F VANCOUVER V A N C O U V E1.-BC. R I . - B C . INCLUSIVE. INCLUSTVE. N O R T HTIP WARNING AREAS TSUNAMIW A R N I N GIS I S IN I N EFFECT E F F E C T FOR T H E COASTAL . . . AA TSUNAMI F O R THE C O A S T A LA REAS FROM THE CALIFORNIA-MEXICO CALIFORNIA-MEXICO BORDER TO THE THE NORTH FROM THE BORDERTO NORTHTIP TIP OF OF VANCOUVER I . - B C . INCLUSIVE... V A N C O U V E1.-BC. R I N C L U S I V E .. . f s e e nnext cxt npage a r r c for fgl messane] [see the of t h e rest feSt o f the t h e message] 15 15 fmoqqaca cnnl- i nrrcdl [message continued] ESTIMATED TIMES TIMES OF ESTIMATED OF INITIAL INITIAL WAVE WAVEARRIVAL ARRIVAL CRESCENT C R E S C E N TCITY-CA CITY-CA 2 2029 0 2 9 PDT P D T JJUN U N 14 14 ASTORIA-OR A STORIA_OR CHARLESTON-OR C H A R L E S T O N _ O R 2044 2 0 4 4 PDT P D T JJUN U N 14 14 TOFINO-BC TOFINO-BC SAN SAN FRANCISCO-CA FRANCISCO-CA 2123 PDT PDT JUN JUN 14 14 SAN SAN PEDRO-CA PEDRO-CA SEASIDE-OR 2126 SEASIDE-OR 2 1 2 6 PDT P D T JJUN 14 LA U N 14 L A JOLLA-CA JOLLA-CA NEAH BAY-WA BAY-WA 2148 NEAH 21.48 PDT PDT JUN 14 JUN 14 2154 2 1 5 4 PDT P D T JUN JUN 2157 2151 PDT PDT JUN JUN 2200 PDT 2 2OO P D T JUN JUN 2214 2 2 1 4 PDT P D T JUN JUN 144 1 14 14 144 1 144 1 SS $$ p K Z j 032-031-042-034-033-035-041-036 A K Z 0023-024-025-026-028PKZ 3 2 - 0 3 I - 0 4 2 - 0 3 4 - 0 3 3 - 0 3 5 - 0 4 1 - 0 3 6 --AKZ 2 3 - 0 2 4 - 0 2 5 - 0 2 6- 0 2 8 I 5 0 4 5 6 029-027-150456029-02'7 COASTAL AREAS AREAS FROM COASTAL FROM THE NORTH TIP THE NORTH TIP OF TO OF VANCOUVER VANCOUVER1.-BC. I.-BC. TO SITKA-AK. SITKA_AK. . .A ATSUNAM] TSUNAMIWATCH WATCH IS IS IN IN EFFECT EFFECT FOR FOR THE THE COASTAL COASTAL AREAS AREAS FROM FROM O R T HTIP THE N THE NORTH T I P OF O F VANCOUVER V A N C O U V E1.-BC. R I . - B C . TO T O SITKA-AK... SITKA-AK... ESTIMATED TIMES ESTIMATED TIMES OF OF INITIAL INITIAL WAVE WAVEARRIVAL ARRIVAL LANGARA-BC LANGARA-BC 2244 2244 PDT PDI JUN JUN 14 14 KETCHIKAN-AK KETCH]KAN-AK SITKA-AK 2227 ADT 2221 AD'I JUN JUN 14 14 2257 2 2 5 1 ADT A D T JUN 14 J U N 14 s$$s - 1 1 5 - I 1 2 - I 7 0 - I 1 1 - 1 5 5 - 1 5 0 - 7 3 2- 1 3 6 - 1 3 8 - 1 3 7 - 1 3 0 - 1 4 1 - 1 4 0 P K Z I I 66-175-172-170-171-155-150-132-136-138-137-130-141-140PKZ17 1 2 8 - 0 52 - 0 5 1 - 0 5 3 - 0 2 2 - 0 L 2 - 0 4 3 - 0 1 " 3 120-121-12 1 2 0 - I 2 7 - 7 2 9 -9-127-125-12 I 2 1 - I 2 5 - 1 " 2 6 -6-128-052-051-053-022-012-043-013-/ 011-02 K z 7 9 191-185-181-171-14 7 - 1 I 5 - 1 8 1 - 1 1 - 1 ,4 5 -5-111-101-121-125-131-135-0170 r 7 - 0 2 r1- A-AKZ 1 1 1 - 1 0 1- 7 2 r - I 2 5 - 1 3 1- 1 3 5- 0 1 7 0 020-018-019-021-022-1504560 20 1 8 0 1 9 0 2 7 - 0 2 2 - 1 5 0 4 5 6 AREAS FROM COASTAL COASTAL AREAS FROMSITKA-AK. S]TKA-AK. TO TO ATTU-AK. ATTU-AK. . . ..TSUNAMI T S U N A M I IINFORMATION N F O R M A T I O NSTATEMENT... S T A T E M E N T.. . REPEAT NO NO NO - REPEAT NO - TSUNAMI TSUNAMI WATCH WATCHOR WARNING IS OR ViARNING TS IN IN EFFECT EFFECT FOR FOR THE COASTAL COASTAL AREAS THE AREAS FROM FROMSITKA-AK. SITKA-AK. TO TO ATTU-AK. ATTU_AK. FOR INFORMATION FOR INFORMATION ONLY ONLY - ESTIMATED ESTIMATED TIMES TIMES OF INITIAL WAVE WAVE ARRIVAL OF INITIAL ARRIVAL YAKUTAT-AK YAKUTAT-AK JUN 14 2317 ADT ADT JUN 14 CORDOVA-AK 0007 CORDOVA-AK OOOTADT ADT JUN JUN KODIAK-AK KODIAK-AK 2332 ADT ADT .]UN JUN 14 14 DUTCH DUTCH HARBOR-AK HARBOR-AK 0013 OO13 ADT JUN ADT JUN JUNEAU-AK JUNEAU-AK 2334 ADT ADT JUN 14 JUN 14 COLD COLD BAY-AK BAY_AK 0034 OO34 ADT ADT JUN JUN SEWARD-AK SEWARD-AK 2339 ADT 14 ADT JUN JUN 14 ADAK-AK ADAK_AK 0038 OO38 ADT ADT JUN JUN VALDEZ-AK VALDEZ-AK 2357 2 3 5 7 ADT A D T JUN 144 JUN 1 HOMER-AK H OMER-AK 0044 OO44 A ADT D T JUN JUN SAND PT.-AK S A N D PT.-AK 2358 2 3 5 8 ADT A D T JUN 144 JUN 1 SHEMYA-AK SHEMYA-AK 0119 0119 A ADT D T JUN JUN $$ THE PACIFIC PACIFIC TSUNAMI TSUNAMI WARNING WARNINGCENTER THE CENTERAT AT EWA EWA BEACH BEACH HAWAII HAWAII WILL WILL U L L E T I N S FOR ISSUE B ISSUE BULLETINS F O R OTHER O T H E RAREAS A R E A SOF O F THE T H E PACIFIC. PACIFIC. B U L L E T I N S WILL W I L L BE B E ISSUED BULLETINS I S S U E D HOURLY H O U R L YOR O R SOONER S O O N E RIF I F CONDITIONS CONDITIONS WARRANT. THE THE TSUNAMI TSUNAMI WATCH/WARNING WATCH/WARNING WARRANT. WILL REMAIN REMAIN IN IN EFFECT EFFECT F U R T H E RNOTICE. U N T I L FURTHER N O T I C E . REFER UNTIL R E F E R TO T O THE T H E INTERNET I N T E R N E TSITE SITE I/,ICATWC.ARH.NOAA.GOV FOR MORE MOREINFORMATION INFORMATfONAND WCATWC.ARH.NOAA.GOV FOR AND ETA ETA SITES. SITES. T6 IrSI 15 15 15 15 15 15 155 1 155 1 2005 the14 14June June2005 Hawaiifor forthe WarningCenter CenterininHawaii APPENDIX bythe thePacific PacificTsunami TsunamiWarning onlytsunami tsunamibulletin bulletinissued issuedby APPENDIX C. C.The Theonly on l8 earthquake off northern California. I downloaded this message from http://www.prh.noaa.gov/pr/ptwc/olderwmsg 18 this message from http://www.prh.noaa.govlpr/ptwclolderwmsg I downloaded earthquakeoff northem The available. be message may no longer June longer be available. The messagesare areremoved, removed,so so this message messagesare areadded, added,older older messages 2005. As As new newmessages June2005. for teletypes. teletypes. format appropriate appropriatefor message on their web web site andis is in in aa format asitit was was on siteand the same sameformat as messagebelow is in the thought this missedby by readers readerswho thought enlarged and that thatwere weremissed criticalwords wordsor orsentences sentences II have enlarged andboldfaced boldfacedcritical message said there was no tsunami tsunami warning or watch for Oregon. Oregon. message said there ************************************************************************************* ************************************************************************************* TSUNAMI 001 NUMBER OO1 TSUNAMIBULLETIN BULLETINNUMBER PACIFIC TSUNAMI W A R N I N G CENTER/NOAA/NWS S U N A M I WARNING CENTER/NOAA/NWS PAC]FIC T ISSUED AT 1 5 JUN J U N 2005 2OO5 ISSUED A T 0259Z 0 2 5 9 2 15 A C I F I C BBASIN A S I N E EXCEPT XCEPT THIS BULLETIN O R AALL L L AAREAS R E A S OOF F TTHE H E PPACIFIC U L L E T I N 1IS 5 FFOR T HIS B WASHINGTON OREGON OREGON CALIFORNIA. BRITISH COLUMBIA WASHINGTON ALASKA BRITISH COLUMBIA ALASKA TSUNAMI BULLETIN TSUNAMI INFORMATION INFORMATION BULLETIN THIS MESSAGE MESSAGE IS ONLY. THERE IS WARNING IS NO TSUNAMI TSUNAM] WARNING FOR INFORMATION ]NFORMATION ONLY IS FOR OR W A T C HIN I N EFFECT. EFFECT. O R WATCH PRELIMINARY PARAMETERS PARAMETERS AN EARTHQUAKE WITH THESE PRELIMINARY OCCURRED '[ITH AN EARTHQUAKEHAS OCCURRED ORIGIN TIME O R I G I N TIME COORDINATES COORDINATESLOCATION LOCATION MAGNITUDE MAGNITUDE 0251Z 2005 0 2 5 l . 2 15 1 5 JUN J U N 2005 41.3 NORTH 4 1.3 N O R T H 125.7 I 2 5 . 7 WEST WEST CALIFORNIA OFF OFF COAST COAST OF OF NORTHERN NORTHERNCALIFORNIA '7 7.4 .4 EVALUATION EVALUATION NO THREAT BASED ONN P A C I F I C - W I D E TSUNAMI TSUNAMI T H R E A T EXISTS EXISTS B ASED O N O DESTRUCTIVE D E S T R U C T I V EPACIFIC-WIDE DATA. HISTORICAL HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKEAND AND TSUNAMI TSUNAMI DATA. HOWEVER EARTHQUAKES OF OF THIS THIS SIZE GENERATE LOCAL LOCAL SOMETIMESGENERATE HOWEVER- EARTHQUAKES SIZE SOMETIMES TSUNAMIS CAN ALONG COASTS WITHIN ITHIN THAT C A N BE B E DESTRUCTIVE D E S T R U C T I V EA LONGC O A S T S LOCATED L O C A T E DW T S U N A M I S THAT A HUNDRED EPICENTER. K I L O M E T E R SOF O F THE T H E EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE E P I C E N T E R . AUTHORITIES AUTHORITIES H U N D R E DKILOMETERS B E AWARE IN THE REGION OFF THE IN T HE R EGION O T H E EPICENTER E P I C E N T E RSHOULD S H O U L DBE A W A R EOF O F THIS THIS POSSIBILITY P O S S ] B ] L I T Y AND A N D TAKE T A K E APPROPRIATE A P P R O P R I A T EACTION. ACTION. THIS WILL BE ILL B E THE B U L L E T I N ISSUED I S S U E D FOR F O R THIS T H I S EVENT T HIS W T H E ONLY O N L Y BULLETIN E V E N TUNLESS UNLESS ADDITIONAL ADDITIONAL INFORMATION INFORMATIONBECOMES BECOMESAVAILABLE. AVAILABLE. THE I{EST WEST COAST/ALSKPJ WILL ISSUE TSI'NAI4I WARNING CENTER WILL ISST'E BULLETINS COAST/AI,ASKA TSUNAMI BULLETINS FOR WASHINGTON - OREGON OREGON .- CAT,IFORNIA. CALIFORNIA. BRITISH COLU1VIBIA FOR ALPSKA AIASI(A. - BRITISH COLT'MBIA -WASHINGTON t177 APPENDIX D. D. Jim JimHawley's Hawley'semail emailresponses responses questions. APPENDIX to RangeBayer's Bayer'semailed emailedquestions. toRange >>> Range >>> Range Bayer <rbayer@orednet.org> <rbayer@orednet.org> wrote wrote on611912005 on 6/19/2005 ll:29:27 11:29:27AM AM>>> Hi Jim, Jim, Thank you for our telephone conversationlast Thank telephone conversation last Friday about about the June June14 14 tsunami tsunami watch. watch. In Inour ourtelephone telephone conversation,you mentioned conversation, mentioned that the first first report was from from Hawaii Hawaii that there there was was no Tsunami Tsunami Watch. I am am curious, who sent you? curious, sentthat information to you? Thank Thank you for your time and andconsideration. consideration. Yours, Yours, RangeBayer, Range Bayer, rbayer@orednet.org, rbayer@orednet.org, 265-2965, 265-2965, PO P0 Box Newport, OR Box 1467, 1467,Newport, OR 97365 97365 :-:: Jim Jim Hawley's Hawley'sResponse Response::-0700 Date: 20 Jun Date:Mon, Mon,20 Jun 2005 200509:39:27 09:39:27-0700 <JHawley@co.lincoln.or.us) From: From: Jim Jim Hawley Hawley <JHawley@co.lincoln.or.us> To: To : rbayer@orednet.org rbayer@orednet.org Subject: Subject: Re: Conflicting Conflicting lnformation Information about June 14 about June 14 Tsunami Tsunami Watch Watch The first information, on our state state warning system, system, indicated indicated a7.4 a 7.4 earthquake occurred 90 miles NW NW of of earthquakehad occurred Eweka. A A tsunami tsunamiwatch watch and andwarning warning are Eureka. according to Hawaii. This information was for Hawaii are not in effect, effect, according This information was and Alaska, and and and although although not for for us, was received received by by the the state state and transmitted transmitted to to us. A A few few minutes minuteslater, later, Palmer said said that was not correct Palmer correct and gave gave us their information and said there there was a tsunami warning. The The cutoff for notification is 7.0 and and up. The Thenext nextday, day,aa6.9 6.9occurred occurredin in the thesame samearea areaand andof of course, course,nothing nothing was was issued. issued. your interest. Thank you for your Thank interest. (Appendix page) (Appendix D continued continued on on next nextpage) 18 18 (Appendix D continued) continued) >>> <rbayer@orednet.org)wrote on 6/27/2005 >>> Range 12:25:3 8 PM PM>>> 12:25:38 612712005 RangeBayer <rbayer@orednet.org> Dear Jim, DearJim, coast. I continue research the waming along along the Oregon Oregon coast. the June June14 14 tsunami tsunami warning continue to research reasonable Ezra Casteel in the Lincoln City News Guard reported that you said that local officials had had reasonable Guard reported said that EzraCasteel Crescent assurance tsunami warning was cancelled cancelled after 9 PM that there there would be no tsunami tsunami when Crescent assurancebefore the tsunami City was not hit hit at 8:29 PM. PM. What tsunami did not hit Crescent City your source CrescentCity sourceof information that a tsunami What was was your gage?Radio contact TV news? PM? The City tide tide gage? contact with with Crescent Crescent City? City? TV news? The Crescent CrescentCity before 9 PM? were Since there can be multiple tsunami tsunami waves waves and the 3rd or later waves waves can can be larger larger than than the first, how were Sincethere predicted land? you sure that there would be no tsunami if there was when the first wave was predicted to land? if there was no wave wave was there tsunami sure Casteel also reported reported that that you you predicted predicted the the tsunami tsunami height heightwould wouldbe beabout about 55ftftor orless? less? What was your Casteel you source of information for this? Or, if you made calculations, so? made the calculations, how did do so? sourceof information for this? Or, Thank you for your time and and consideration. consideration. Thank Yours, Yours, Range Bayer RangeBayer =:::::: Jim Hawley's Hawley'sResponse Responsg::: -0700 Date: 29 Jun 2005 13:27:54 Jun2005 Wed,29 13:27:54-0700 Date:Wed, From: Jim Jim Hawley Hawley<JHawley@co.lincoln.or.us) <JHawleyco.linco1n.or.us> To: To : rbayer@orednet.org rbayer@orednet.org Subject: Re: June June 14 Tsunami Warning 14 Tsunami Subject: hadaa tsunami, tsunami,we have Re: Had System. We Crescenthad we would have have been been alerted alertedon our national Warning System. We also HadCrescent alsohave direct communication communication on the the warning warning system system with with Curry Curry County Countyininthe theevent eventthey theyhad hadaawave/s. wave/s. No No evidence evidence of of At the theboard mentionII had water receding, etc. etc. At boardmeeting, meeting,II mention hadheard heardaacomment commentthe thewave wavewould would not nothave havebeen been55 water receding, can report report what the scientific feet, feet, but I only can what II hear hearfrom from the scientific folks, folks, not notwhat whatII hear. hear. -0700(PDT) (PDT) Date: 2 Jul 2005 12:03:26 Jul2005 12:03:26-0700 Date:Sat, Sat,2 From: Range RangeBayer Bayer<rbayer@orednet.org> <rbayerorednet.org> From: <JHawley@co.lincoln.or.us> Hawley <JHawley@co.lincoln.or.us> To: Jim Hawley Subject: June 14 14 Tsunami Tsunami Warning Warning Subject:Re: Jure Hi Jim, Hi time did Thank you for your message. message. At At what whattime did the theNational National Warning WarningSystem Systemreport reportthat thatthere no therewas wasno Or isisthis this aacase thatthey they oniy tsunami in Crescent Crescent City? Or tsunami casethat only report reportif if there thereis is one, one,so soitit is is ambiguous ambiguousifif there was therewas indeed indeedno tsunami tsunami wave or that a tsunami wave wave may may have have occurred occurred but but aa technical technical or or human human glitch glitch may have have prevented prevented the tsunami tsunami from being being reported? reported? The night of June 14, who said The June 14, ft or less? less? In said that the wave would only be 5 ft In my my research researchof of the theresponse response placethat Coastthat that night, night, the along the Oregon along the Oregon Coast the only place that I have havefound found itit mentioned mentionedis is for for Lincoln Lincoln County. County. have a log of messages Do you have received that night and and the time that they were received? messagesthat your office received were received? Thank andconsideration. Thank you for your time and consideration. Yours, Yours, Range Bayer Range :::::: Jim Hawley Hawley has hasnot not responded respondedas asof of 12 12July 2005. 2005. 19 I9 APPENDIX E. Email Emailresponse response radioabout APPENDIX E. totomy myletter lettertotoKNPT-AM KNPT-AM radio aboutthe thelack lackof waming information information of tsunami tsunamiwarning particularinterest. on their radio station station during the June June 14 tsunami waming. warning. II have 14 tsunami haveadded addedboldface boldfaceto itemsof interest. to items of particular -0700 Date: 28 Jun Date:Tue, Tue,28 Jun2005 200512:03:38 12:03:38-0700 YaquinaBay BayCommunications Communications<yaquinabay <yaquinabaycharter.net> From: Yaquina @charter.net> To:: rbayer@orednet.org rbayer@orednet.org To Subject: letter Subject:letter Bayer, in your letter you did not indicate which Mr. Bayer, which one one of of our our stations stations you you attempted attemptedto to listen listento. to. We have information about did have about the the tsunami tsunamiwarning extensive coverage was ofthem, them,but warning on onall allof butthe themost most extensivecoveragewas on on designatedemergency emergencystation, station,102.7FM, problemwith the designated 102.7FM,KYTE. KYTE. The Thebiggest biggestproblem with the theentire entireevent event was was that Weather Service Service failed to initiate a tsunami National Weather tsunami warning warning in in Lincoln Lincoln County. County. Their transmitter transmitter did not work work which is one of of four four sources sources that that we we monitor monitor for for EAS EAS emergencies. emergencies. Two of the others others are the the state state relay relay network from radio station station KWAX KWAX in Eugene Eugene and the commercial commercial relay network from from radio station station KKNU KKNU in in programmed Eugene.NWS NWS programmed the thetsunami tsunamiwarning Eugene. waming that thatthose thosestations stationsreceived receivedand andtransmitted transmittedas asonly only aaLane Lane county event, county event, therefore therefore our receiver receiver was was not triggered triggered to receive receive it. NWS NWS now now understands problemand understandsthat thatproblem and they are areworking on the failure of their equipment they equipment in Lincoln Lincoln County. They Theyalso alsofailed failed in in Clatsop Clatsopand andCoos Coos Counties. The fourth source sourcewe we monitor monitor is Counties. is county county emergency emergencyservices, services,but but no no official official warning was was generatedby by local local officials generated officials for for us usto to receive. receive. The information information we we did did have haveon onthe theair, air,therefore thereforecould couldnot notbe beofficial. official.We Wewere were only only able able to announce the quake and that we understood announce understood a tsunami warning had been generated, but that had been generated, that we we did not have any any official official information. I Ihope proveshelpful your understanding. hopethis have thisproves helpfulfor for your understanding.II believe believeall all officials officials know needs to happen happennext what needs next time. djm David Miller Miller Owner/General Manager Owner/GeneralManager (AM) Radio, KNPT (AM) Radio, knptam.com knptam.com KYTE KYTE (FM) Radio, Radio, kytefm.com kytefm.com KNCU KNCU (FM) Radio, Radio, u92fm.com u92fm.com KCRF (FM) Radio, Radio, kcrffm.com (AM) Radio, KBCH kbcham.com KBCH (AM) Radio, kbcham.com --luly2,2,I emailed Dave == OnOn July I emailed Dave Miller Millerand asked: "Did your other other and asked: KNPTand andyour otherstations "DidKJ'/PT stations otherthan thanKYTE KWE have have warning warning announcements announcements and and then then resume resumenormal normalbroadcasting?" broadcasting?" becu,sse because his his email emailabove abovesuggests suggeststhis. this. As As of of July have not July12, l2,II have not received receivedaa reply. reply. 20 20 2004Oregon Oregon ofthe the2004 onp.p.363R 363Rof Table 1802.1 APPENDIX F. Facsimile for ininTsunami Zone" inin Table 1802.1 on Zone" Tsunami forConstruction Construction Facsimileof of "Requirements APPENDIX "Requirements inaa categories 455.447 building (ORS) and gives 455.446 Structural Specialty Code (OSSC). This Table gives Oregon Revised Statutes (ORS) 455.446 and 455.447 building categories in Statutes (OSSC). Oregon Revised This Table Code StnrcruralSpecialty is also in Olmstead table Table 3. A similar in tabular form that much easier understand than the written text of these Statutes in Table 3. similar table also Olmstead these Statutes than the written text of that is much easier to understand form tabular (Oregon exemptions andexemptions Rule632-005-0080[2]) 632-005-0080[2]) (2003:8). Note (ORS Administrative Rule and (Oregon (ORS455.446[1][d] andOregon Oregon Administrative 455.446tllldland (2003:8). thatexceptions Notethat exceptions givento construct constructeven evenprohibited structwes. Administrative Rule Rule 632-005-0070) 632-005-0070) can be given prohibited structures. canbe Administrative SOILS FOUilOAt|gllS 80115AND ANDFOUNDATIONS TABLE I8O2.I TABLE1802.1 onI llncuIJT FOR nn enNsTRUmlflI.J ININTSUNAMI ZONE CONSTRUgTION TSU]IAUIZONE FEOUIREHEI{IS EWLDING BUILDINTICATEGORY CATEGORf PER PEF oRs ais_a4t ORS 455.447 a's/a/rt SECTION ORS OBS455.447 EEgrl&,| REFERENCE IS IN IBRACKETS] NEW CONStRUCflOil NES CONSTRUCTION PROHIBITED iN TSUI{AiII TSUNAMI PROHIBITEDIII INUNDATION ZONE u UNLESS l{LEs{l zoNE tMJl|oAlpll GRANTED AN EXCEPTION EXCEPIION ORAI{fEDAI{ ThROUGH PROCESS THROT'GHPROCESS TNil|irlENED EY DoOITIT ADMINIS1EHEO BY DOGAMI5 NEW CONSTRUC11ON ilEWOOilSfF9CnON PROHIBITED IT IN TAUI|AiII TSUNAMI FNOHIBITED UxLEStl INUNDATION ZONE. ZOl,lEUNLESS IMTNDATION STRATEGIC LOCATNX LOCATION SThAT€GIC CONFLICT EXISTS OR CONFUCTEXISTE OR GRANTED GBA''ITE!AN A1{EXCEPTION EXCEFNOT THROUGH PROCESS THROUGH PFOCESS rnutxtsterh nY DOGAMI1 hnaautl ADMINISTERED BY MAY BE BE IIAY PRIOR TO NEW PBIOBTONEW CONSTRUCTED lil CONSTRUCTION fi coxsTRt grED IN coflgrFugfflt{ IN NuiloATXn TSUNAMI INUNDATION TSUNAMI rsuilAlfl INUNDATION ZONE WITHOUT zoNEwm{ouT REouEsr ZONE, MUST REQUEST zoilE,flusr FROM DOGAMI ADViCE FROM 000ANI ADVICE IDYICEFrct|DOQIN rl(a)] I (r)l Essential EssGfitislfacilities frciliti€s [I(a)(A)]Hospltalsandother l(rXA)l Hospidr andother nedicaJ facilities ltlith with sursail surgery ncdicalfacilitics [l(a)(b)] l(a)O)l Fire Fircand andpplicc x x x x ____________________ x x (1(a)(C)] and similar l(aXCll Tanks Tankrand rimilar ____________________ vchiclc (1(a)(D)] Ercrecncyvehicle .l(axD)l Emergency x ____________ ficllen (1(a)(E)l and $Etclurls snd il(axEll Structures equipment in :quiprocnt il emergency crrctgcocy ffi'Falmecdd ixeparedness centers x X x x (l(aXF)J Smdby-popet ll(tXDl Standby-powermfitinoeduiffiffil nerating equipment 1(a)(C)1 Structurcs Structures and alld [l(aXG)l equipment government cquipncotin govcrnmed communication centers ccnHr and urd eomrnrmication other response othcremergency emcrgcncy rcsponse x X Fcnilitie x l(b'll 1(b)] Hmdcus Hazardous fmilitis facilities X l(c)l Maiorrmrcnres 1(c)] Majorstructures X x 11(e)] Special occuoancics occupancies l(c)l Soccial {1(e)(A)j Covered ssucorca structures ll(cXA)l Coverd with assembly grerter greater &aa than withrssembly x X 1(Ilrrmms 300 persons (Part)Buildings [l(e)(B)] with l(cXB) (Part) Buildingrwith capacity than502 :spdity greater 5d for Srlrtcrthan nonpublic rcnpublicschools schoolsthrough ihtougD rcondarylevel care secondary child case lavclor orslild X x CenterS (Pstt)Buildings [l(e)(B)1 Buildirgrwith witlt :UcXB)l(Past) c*pacitygreatetthan502for ;rpocitygrcrar 0rrn5S fot publicschools public tmugh sdroolsthrough x remnrlcd Lpvel ,econdary ievel Lt(e)(C)l Buildingefor for It(cXOl Buildings col1egc or oradult adulteducation cducation ;ollegcs oidr capacity awir omatr rhrn 500 tfYl with greater than xX (l(e)(D)J Modicalfacilities facilities ll(cXD)lMedical yith50 with snore residents, 50or rmors resi&nts, n.cmnifclFrl ^rdffh incapacitated patients [1(e)(E)) Jails and and detention dccntion ll(cXE)Jlailr facilitics xX x [l(e)(F)] Stncturcsand ald ll(cXF)l Structures occupancies with a a caprcity capacity occtpancies with greater than 5,000 srcatff$m5.000 X x In the uunarni tsunami ioumhtion inundation zone, ln the zonc.If the the lo allow allownew nce construction consEuc,tion 1. be arurrcd grassed m an crccprion exception by thc the DOGAMI DOGAMI Gowroing Governing Boord Board to maybc I . These Thercfacilities fuilitics and ard structures anrcturermay qccptio! DivisionS. fron DoGAMI' grurtcd,then rought&Om 631 Divisim 5. exception Is DOGAML Scc See OAR OAR Chaptcr Chapter 632. b granted, rhcnadvice rdvlccmust rnustbe bcsought thlscaIegoiy. cdcgory. specifics rn an occtprncy occupancy lord load of50 olSO for lot this 2. ORS ORS 455.446 2 435,445ryccificr of ORS ummrrizcsthe aquirqEnr of ORS for tbe the reader's conrcnieocaThis Tbir sable |sbb summarizes thorequirements rcarhr'rconvenience. ab'rs codc hcrcfor Table 1802.1 code tur bet itisprgvid provided here norapart o prc of of this Note: Not €Reference Rcfetrrostbbh l$01 Iisir not 455.446 45t.447. and 455,i146 !!d 455,447. 363I 36:]R 2004 OREGON STRI'CTURAL STRUCTURAl. SPECIALTY SPECIALlY COOE CODE 2S{ OREGOII 21 2l (A) and (B) with APPENDIX APPENDIX G. areas. II did G. Counties Counties(A) andcities cities(B) did not not do do aa thorough thorough search, with restrictions restrictionson on building in tsunami areas. search, so there could well be more. I found these while Google searching for "tsunami land use critical facilities." :19:_":t3_::1!:::':_'::i1i::':1i":9::_g:::T11-:1"j_:t1T:'::1::1" A. COUNTIES COUNTIES WITH RESTRICTIONS ON TSUNAMI AREAS WITII RESTRICTIONS ONCONSTRUCTION IN TSUNAMI AREAS CONSTRUCTION II'4 (Hawaii). County (CountyofofHawaii year]).Chapter Hawai'i (Hawaii). CountyCode Code(County Hawaii[no Chapter27, 27,Section 27-23indicates indicatesthat thattsunami tsunami Section27-23 [noyear]). inundation areas inundation areas are coastal coastal high hazard hazard areas areas and and that all new construction construction and and substantial substantial improvements improvements in these these areas areas (200lb: must be built built to resist resist flood flood damage. damage. Also b: p. 3-8 through 3Also see seeNational HazardMitigation Mitigation Program National Tsunami TsunamiHazard Program(2001 10). l0). (IIawaii). P.P.4-10 (Countyof Kauai (Hawaii). year])(alsosee 4-10ofofthe theCounty CountyHazard HazardMitigation Strategy(County theNational MitigationStrategy ofKauai Kauai[no seethe National [noyear])(also Tsunami HazardMitigation 2001b:p. Tsunami Hazard b :p. 3-5 and Mitigation Program Program2001 and 3-6) 3-6) states: states: (ComprehensiveZoning Chapter Chapter 8 (Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance): Ordinance): establishes establishes constraint constraint districts, drainage districts,flood drainagedistricts, districts, flood districts, shore shore districts, and tsunami districts. Zoning permits and variance are required for development with these areas areas and tsunami and variance are requiredfor development Zoning these pursuant to to the the National National Flood Flood Insurance Program. (California). General Mendocino (Countyof Mendocino (California). Plan General Plan(County of Mendocino Mendocino1991). 1991). Definitions Definitions from Table p. General Table2 on onp. GeneralPlan PlanV-12 V-12 that areused usedin that are in tsunami tsunamirestrictions: restrictions: Importance Factor 1: I: Structures Structureswhose whosecontinuedfunctioning is Importance failure might be catastrophic: catastrophic: is critical, or whosefailure or whose power intertie reactors, large largedams, dams,power nuclear reactors, intertie systems, manufacturing or systems,plants manufacturing or storing storing explosives explosivesor or toxic toxic materials. Importance Factor 2. 2: Structures Structures whose whose use needed after after a disaster: important use is critically critically needed important utility utility centers; hospitals, hospitals, fire, fire, police, police, and emergency emergency communicationfacilities; communication facilities;fire firestations; stations; and and certain certain bridges bridges and and overpasses overpasses that are part part of of a critical critical transportation transportation element; element; also also smaller smaller dams. dams. Importance Importance Factor Factor 3: 3: Structures Structures of of high occupancy, or whose use after a disaster particularly disaster would would be beparticularly convenient: churches, theaters, convenient: schools, schools, churches, theaters, Iarge large hotels, large numbers hotels, and and other other high-rise high-rise buildings buildings housing housinglarge numbersof of people, other other places normally attracting people, places normally attracting large large concentrations concentrationsofpeople, of people,civic civic buildings, buildings, secondary secondaryutility utility structures, structures, extremely large large commercial commercialenterprises, enterprises, most mostroads, roads,altemative alternative or or non-critical non-critical bridges bridges and and overp asses. overpasses. Importance Factor Importance Factor 4: 4: The Thevast vastmajority majority of most commercial of structures: structures:most commercial and and industrial industrial buildings, buildings, small small hotels hotels and and ap apartment ar tment buildings, buildings, and and single-family singl e-family rresidences esidences excerptfrom p. General An excerpt GeneralPlan Plan V-29 with tsunami tsunamirestrictions: restrictions: 1. Proposed construction I. Proposed construction of of importancefactors 2, as importance factors 1I and and 2, asshown shown in in Table Table2, 2, shall shall not not be beconstructed constructedwithin within areassubject subjectto tsunami tsunami unless unlessit can can be areas demonstrated that that the thefacilities facilities can can remain remainftmctioning functioningafter after be conclusively demonstrated any potential potential tsunami occurs. occurs. New New construction construction of importancefactor of importance factor 3, 3, located locatedwithin within areas areassubject subjectto totsunami, tsunami, should be possiblewave should designed to resist be designed resistpossible wavedamage. damage. 2. Restrict Restrict land land uses uses in in areas areas subject to tsunami to open space, space, agriculture, agriculture, and thefr and those those uses useswhich, due to their dependency dependency upon upon ocean ocean access, access, could could not not be be located located elsewhere. elsewhere. Prohibit the the construction occupancy construction of of high occupqncy qreas. structures within within tsunami hazard areas. (Washington).Critical Whatcom County County(Washington). CriticalAreas (Countyof Areas Whatcom Ordinance (County Ordinance of Whatcom Whatcom2005). 2005).An An excerpt excerptfrom from p. 11 1l of 16.16: I6.16: Criticalfacilities Critical facilities still still prohibited prohibited in all all hazard hazard areas areasincluding including tsunami, tsunami,volcanic, volcanic, and and seiche seichehazard hazardareas. areas. (Appendix G continued continuedon next next page) page) 22 22 (AppendixG (Appendix G continued) continued) B. CITIES WITH RESTRICTIONS ON CONSTRUCTION IN TSUNAMI ;;;;:-:-:-:-:AREAS ;;,;;;;:*'';*"';o"';*;;on;;;;ft;;;*;;;onffi states: year]). An from PS-id PS-1dstates: (Cityof An excerpt excerptfrom Plan Arcata[no (California). General Plan(City ofArcata General Arcata (California). [noyear]). high physical hazards, includinghigh hazards,including high physical New critical critical facilities facilities shall not in areas areaswith with high locatedin not be be located hazards. liquefaction potential, potential, flood flood zones, and tsunami tsunamihazards. zones,and PS2:Faulting Faulting and and GoalPS2: (CityofofEl 1992)Goal El Segundo Plan ElSegundo segundo1992) (California). General Plan(City General Segundo(California). Seismicity/Structural Hazards: Seismicity/StructuralHazards: of large and proposalsfor constructionor or expansion expansionof Program requirethat thatproposals TheCity PS2-1.4A.The City shall shall require Program PS2-1.4A. for construction risk of of the to assess areas critical facilities facilities which are located in tsunami and coastal inundation areas to assess the risk coastal inundation located tsunami approval. inundation flood mitigation measures for project approval. conditionsfor measuresas as conditions adequateflood and provide adequate inundation and developmentin SF-l.3 minimize development Ft. Bragg Plan .3 isistotominimize (CityofofFort 2002).Policy PolicySF-i FortBragg Bragg2002). (California). General Plan(City General Bragg (California). areas and: tsunamiand: areassubject subjectto tsunami Program proposals to ensure is not not in inan an area area that new new development developmentis ensurethat Reviewdevelopment developmentproposals SF-1.3.2:Review Program SF-1.3.2: tsunami that it is to withstand subject to tsunami damage or, f such development is allowed, that it is designed to withstand tsunami is designed development allowed, if such subject tsunami damage damage. damage. (2001a:18 open spaces spaces Program(2001 arfi27), Hilo a: 18 and 27), open HazardMitigation MitigationProgram theNational NationalTsunami TsunamiHazard (Hawaii). According Accordingtotothe Hilo (Hawaii). required was any structure below 20 foot such as and tsunami forests in areas structure required in tsunami areas and parks tsunami forests were allowed such as to be withstand the force of aa major tsunami. tsunami. designedto withstand be designed year]).Article and Ordinances (City Section 16-11 . 5(c)(5) and (CityofofHonolulu Article11, 11, l6-11.5(c)(5) Honolulu[no Section Revised Ordinances Honolulu (Hawaii). [noyear]). ftIawaii). Revised Alsoseethe Section 16-11.5(f) give requirements for building design and construction to resist tsunamis. Also see the Section16-11.5(0giverequirementsforbuildingdesignandconstructiontoresisttsunamis. for National (2001b:p. p.3-22 3-22 through 5-24) for 3-33.and5-14 5-14 through through5-24) HazardMitigation Mitigation Program Program(2001b: through3-33.and TsunamiHazard NationalTsunami discussion measures. thesemeasures. discussionof these Kodiak (Alaska). Program (2001b: (2001b:p.p.3-11 3-il and and3-12), 3-12), (Alaska).According TsunamiHazard Accordingto tothe theNational HazardMitigation Program NationalTsunami critical facilities in the the 1964 1964tsunami tsunamiarea movedto to upland uplandareas. zreas. areawere weremoved (2001b: p. 3-14), no Program(2001b: Seward (Ataska).According Accordingtotothe theNational NationalTsunami TsunamiHazard Hazafi Mitigation Mitigation Program Seward (Alaska). permanent habitable structures waterfront. permanenthabitable structuresare are allowed in the high-risk area areaalong along the waterfront. (2001b:p. p.3-I2), (Ataska).According Program(2001b: thesite site Valdez (Alaska). 3-12), the Accordingtotothe TsunamiHazard HazardMitigation Mitigation Program theNational NationalTsunami destroyed by the 1964 used for for public public open space space and park and recreation recreation uses. uses. 1964 tsunami is only allowed to be used destroyed ZJ 23 APPENJMX H. Response to questions about tsunamis by Oregon coastal residents in 1998 (Oregon Dept. of Geology and Mineral Industries 1998) and Washington coastal residents and visitors to the Washington coast in 2001 (Johnston et al. 2002). -=data not available or question not asked. Oregon Washington Oregon Washington Washington WashinSon Residents Residents Residents Residents Visitors Visitors (%\ (Yo\ (%) (%) (%) (%) Did not know that tsunami tsunami is large laree amount amount of water 20 20 notseen Had 26 76 Hadnot seentsunami tsunamihazard hazardmaps maps 26 /o al| , : ;:r Had 24 80 90,.,; I}s.srnot heard or received inhrmation about preparing for tsuian Received government Receivedtsunami tsunamiinformation informationfrom from federal, federal,state, state,or 64 00 or local localgovernment 64 .: If tsunami they have have to resoond respond tsunami warning, warnins. do not know how long thev If know to listen to radio for ofEcial official advice advice If tsunami tsunami warning, warnins. do not know If tsunami warning, do not know to go at least 1/2 mile inland or " . , i ' , , , . , , : , r , ; : l i r , ! i _ , , 100 feet above sea level 26 26 27 27 :'i-ffi6# ,_Hffi:*-7#:1itmlffiHmm:andcr if earthquake, do know that respond within 30 minutes eq#nH'uaRb, do not not knoW thdt must mustrespori4Within 3$'ififfiitea ,If 17 69 ,69i::' Believe it is safe t return to low areas after first tsunami wave al from Know that is safe,b"ryeHrn safe to return tE,leqffiqsqub to low areas only *"r after approval from local local authqrities authorities .l<nffirihat*i-s 24 ^a L4 22 t-l"';i-'l*:; .31 'I :::i;i"'4! 288 2 87 87 26 55 lttl:i:tu :\t\ :'1 lttltq:u Jr 52 57', ) - - sHaS s;qE NF+x sF3 * o b f w Fi 5=: a E X6 > i *oB e [i E. a -Z€r ifo' -gEL!? u, = i:€ F930 o< I i Ue -' by the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries in consultation with local officials. It is intended to represent a worst-case scenario for a local tsunami from an earthquake near the Oregon Coast. The evacuation routes by were developed by local emergency officials and the Oregon Department of reviewed Emergency Management. The Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries is publishing this brochure because the information furthers the mission of the Department. The map is intended for emergency response, and should not be used for site-specilc =; b < (D@$A) / < o x 5- 4E< oFig) =rf* o (Dg -o'id Ef1J= sF 51{ o\:F a5t = +ioo- R: ciE' € *'s''? 5=< *H ) i a , geg P gFgF '' = I ,'--:-- ( ff a'Pad E g o+ < R *{ 0 x 5 ? ere -. B -rfi' i'+ Fl == < fi'# iJ.< fn a eG €bH s# + es ^ O e q 3E POE o :iJE. a0a AF / - - -- / / .?^s.' - +)V if o \: 1J (2 I ci //) I :,/ n 4@ F . d g tY Cl) -a 0 Efl U) 0 < U Z <n w<0 0 Z w < < ASSEMBLYAREA oqd /;); ) / (,yIi A',' / V -' jL-J------.---- e' \_-______( 4$? I 00 _P ' otr I 1' ,;' L1LH. NOsujo 6-tr z 0 04 0 i:: -J -J -j 0< U. . C) 0) 0 0 CI)I 0 0. '-I C) - U QNo S )IH- .1 I- oF 0400 POSTOFFICE +aF) ( / /1! 0 r (co 0 S 3kIJOVrJ MAPSYMBOLS ^ fD c c The evacuation zone on this map was developed NOTICE =' #e x'T BRIDGE )= If you feel an earthquake: tr= ^. Fl 4A ROUTE EVACUATION + @ Move immediately Inland = a5F Follow evacuation route signs E.-E= OO)@ OUTSIDEHAZAROAREA fqrY-:1{ == -F igs 3= Bg ;-i 5E =s 3 -x(D <:i-t EVACUATE FROMTHIS AREA E CITYHALL i{Ea !o (FD F95 3 : a€;fliileariig FIRESTATION F8 I *r\E ii;EEE;esier:iz lsg:iai.a+ ie;rl f; **a*E;EEiis:* SCHOOL ='i' t Z :l'1 : U P.GDaDE Do not wait for an official warning =€ uiEaaEgaIiiiiiF planning. 25 (Jl T. 13 S. R.11-12W. W.M. FE€E =s== :153 I Q tr - 65g' R APPENDIX I. Black and white copy of Waldport tsunami evacuation map. The color original is available at Lincoln County Emergency Managements http://www.lthcolncoemergencyservices.us and the Oregon Dept. of Geology and Mineral Industries' http://www.oregongeology.coinlearthquakes/Coastal/Tsubrochures.htm. Note that this black and white reproduction shows areas to evacuate well, but that the word "green" for the color of band on sign posts to indicate that "you are outside the tsunami hazard zone" does not show up. The only other evacuation map with this problem is that for Lincoln City. xF f.@ :@ O' o) 1*@ a N) t I dz7> E' €.n BO .7< E r 69 E o 9 - = Eg3g gfi;E;i t rl"ls{iEs b$ta 6 .f;s38 = E5; =f,I' 5 = = , i a : UE t i5E g.-H - x F b d s * . 8 ? =,#!g e EETSgE EsHl P?89 En* -*xo S6do' =:FdEg $ji3?i O'-io-r ao= :E ;:a"? Y 8: F- E(J oE fU Lincoln County Emergency Management o:dY g 6 0 E=o FNAe o http:llwww.cojjncoln.or.us 225 W. Olive St. Newport, OR 97365 (541) 265-4199 n o !: q c o o B 3 I !o - @ go oe EA* 66dT I Eo5 36dF 6cEi Eut tz 8s 3E http:/Iwww.oregongeology.com Nature of the Northwest Information Center 800 NE Oregon Street #5, Suite 177 Portland, OR 97232 o o o (503) 731-4100 Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries 800 NE Oregon Street #28, Suite 965 Portland, OR 97232 t* =58 € F 6 E o o B DO NOT PACK or delay X F i'=ift E :3xi g E F DO NOT RETURN to the beach irI; r=eE HiE F F I I e : is unlikely that Et:EbE! e !+ ffi G $d<t'Fdqici ;$SUg;$!I "ffiffi @ ffiEFiiE F g: EiF E 9" *q! ;v c9* :8fr a): F N O {4 EEFEft c i6>28 9 13. hygiene, and cooking Food (packaged, canned, no-cook, as well as baby food and food for special diets) Can opener (non-electric) Blankets or sleeping bags Fire extinguisher (standard) Essential medications Money Food and water for pets Portable radio. NOAA weather radio, flashlights, and batteries Alternate cooking source & matches Heavy gloves and sturdy shoes Crescent wrench for utility shut off (12' or longer) } 11. 12. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 3. First aid kit and reference guide Wateri gallon per person per day, for drinking, 1. 2. Be prepared! Assemble emergency kits with at least a 3-day Supply for each family member family members. officials if you think that you have special skills and can help, or if you need assistance with locating lost 4. After evacuation, check with local emergency structures before anyone can go back into them. until you receive an ALL CLEAR from local officials. Tsunamis often follow river channels and dangerous waves can persist for several hours. Local officials must inspect all flooded or earthquake-damaged 3. Stay away from potentially hazardous areas EE ^ €F E g 9 U E : ! ; EE * F gp = a ;EIit EEEEA N 26 it anyone will help you, so make a plan and be prepared! In the event of a local tsunami, emergency is a distant tsunami, then help may arrive. large enough to be visible from the street. If the i * 6 local broadcast media or NOAA weather radio for further information. If you need help evacuating, tie something WHITE (sheet or towel) to the front door knob. Make it 2. ari .i. i;i e* 3-minute blast or see a sudden sea level change, first evacuate away from shoreline areas, then turn on your H:s:=$c:F:i;gE;tetF 1. Evacuate on foot, if at all possible. Follow evacuation route signs and arrows. EfCEE. immediately inland to high ground. If you hear the WARNING. In isolated areas along beaches and bays you may not hear a warning siren. Here, A SUDDEN CHANGE OF SEA LEVEL should prompt you to move local area has been put into an official TSUNAMI Evacuation for a distant tsunami will generally be indicated by a STEADY 3-MINUTE SIREN BLAST and an announcement over NOAA weather radio that the and evacuation to safety. tsunami will generally be smaller than that from a local earthquake. Typically there is time for an official warning come onshore. You will feel no earthquake, and the A DISTANT TSUNAMI will take four hours or more to only warning you have. Evacuate quickly! official warning from the national warning system. Ground-shaking from the earthquake may be the minutes after the earthquakebefore there is time for an A LOCAL TSUNAMI can come onshore within 15 to 20 the coast (DISTANT TSUNAMI). much higheras much as 100 feet or more. We distinguish between a tsunami Caused by an undersea earthquake near the Oregon coast (LOCAL TSUNAMI) and an undersea earthquake far away from because of local conditions a few waves have been tsunamis occurring in the Pacific Ocean, over the last 80 years, have been 20-45 feet at the shoreline. However, any time, day or night. Typical wave heights from the Oregon Coast on a regular basis. They can occur Recent research suggests that tsunamis have struck earthquake. As tsunamis enter shallow water near land, they increase in height and can cause great loss of life and property damage. FOR BOTH LOCAL AND DISTANT TSUNAMIS: "x:dts P* <=OlU 9.X 2> >t HI:24o A TSUNAMI MAY BE COMING IN A FEW MINUTES. LARGE WAVES MAY CONTINUE TO COME ONSHORE FOR SEVERAL HOURS 6i;f EEg5;ss;ni a displacement of the ocean floor by an undersea i*tEE!;ggiqi;l3;i{ E;EgFgf Ei, I:ggEI€iiEi€i: Ft;i, IE EE *i $r;EE$ Et€i*rgitls€ist ;r::SFEEEiEg$$* ct WAIT for an "all clear" from local emergency officials before returning to lowlying areas C) o: :egF s PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER g DO NOT WAIT for an official warning u }E Funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under SO #SOABNR200045 through the Oregon Department of Geology end Mineral Industries. Published by the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries in cooperation with Oregon Emergency Management. the City of Waidport, and LincOln County. H: r:: GO ON FOOT if at all possible >6 http://www.pr.noaa.gov/itic -E *Ffr U oU MOVE IMMEDIATELY INLAND to high ground and away from low-lying coastal areas bU (808) 532-6422 E5I gEb33fi;E,=5=r fZZZ =F5sF=A F H€5Es c.lq International Tsunami Information Center 737 Bishop Street, Suite 2200 Honolulu, HI 96813-3203 eni?, * ! E F=i3? fiE sEf Es;; F;-s=; =*E$:iE u3!H ?i DROP, COVER, HOLD until the earthquake is over, protect yourself = hftp:Itwww.naturenw.org = IF YOU FEEL AN EARTHQUAKE: = ct (503) 872-2750 I A tsunami is a series of sea waves, usually caused by l- (541) 563-3121 -r - Waldport giE€IFiiitie;iitiEg EEEE EtEIe eEiEEsHEtE==tiir ;=iiIFii$E EEf; ;:HFs EHEE s;:E{E; Is:E iFEi: iiEif IEiilililiE E g'gis s ;g*Eii *gi9i 'ggge u:;;,i 3''= Central Oregon Coast Fire and Rescue District P.0. Box 505 Waldport, OR 97394 2, http: www.waldport.org IE P.O. Box 1120 Waldport, OR 97394 Phone (541) 563-3561 :n EVACUATION MAP a< City of Waldport 125 Alsea Hwy EeEe could save your life. Please read it and share it with your family and friends. g http:llwww.osp.state.or.us/oem TA al Te information in this brochure L P.O. Box 14370 Salem, OR 97309-5062 d. 1 I c-) Oregon Emergency Management 3225 State Street c,) CONTACTS (Appendix I continued) ;iiiiFi$iEilgi;i+i frg ar ac o -o 'o q ,t:E N r;g 3e= .." i I 9EE .:o9 *oh :OE E:} HEt !>x =fd o \o2o 6 E ,ggg Eb:i ;ect lii postinginformation. portionofofSenate 2005Legislature Legislatureabout information. APPENDIX Bill 557asasintroduced aboutposting Theportion Senate Bill557 introducedtotothe the2005 APPENDIX J.J.The This state.or.us/O5reg/measures/sbOSOO.dir/sbO5 57 .intro .html.The TheBill Billwas was amended amended isfrom fromhttp://www.leg. http://www.leg.state.or.us/05reg/measures/sb0500.dir/sb0557.intro.html. This is (see at to change requirement A-Engrossed version severely in committee to change the mandatory requirement (see A-Engrossed in committee the mandatory severely http ://www.leg.state.or.us/O5reglmeasures/sbO500.dir/sbO5 57.a.html),so sothat thatOregon OregonEmergency Emergency Management Management http://www.leg.state.or.us/05reg/measures/sb0500.dir/sbO557.a.html), and could and encourage broad of tsunami warning information and evacuation encourage distribution evacuation and broad the tsunami could only "Facilitate "Facilitate locations within inundation zones frequentedby visitors to plans within tsunami plans to transient transientlodging facilities and and other zonesfrequented other locations tsunami inundation the a.rea." the area." As the amended As of 11 11July July 2005, 2005,even eventhe amendedBill is still in aa Senate committee Senatecommittee (http://www.leg.state.or.us/searchmeas.html), and and it seems seems doubtful doubtful that that it will will be be passed. passed. (http://www.leg.state.or.us/searchmeas.html), A BILL AN ACT ACT BILL FOR AN Relating system; and and declaring declaring an an emergency. emergency. Be It Enacted Enacted by the People People of of the the State State of of Relating to tsunami warning system; Oregon: Oregon: SECTION + (1) As used used in this this section: l. { section: SECTION1. {+ 'Transient (a) 'Transient lodging facility'means facility' means a hotel, hotel, motel, inn, condominium, any other dwelling dwelling unit unit or or aa public public or private park that is made made available transient occupancy vacation occupancy those terms terms are are available for transient occupancyor vacation as those occupancyas defined definedin ORS 90.100. ORS90.100. 'Tsunami inundation (b) 'Tsunami inundationzone'means zone' means an an area ilea of expected expected tsunami tsunami inundation, inundation, based based on scientific evidence evidence geologic field that may include geologic that field data data and and tsunami tsunami modeling, determined determined by the governing governing board of of the StateDepartment Departmentof Geology and State and Mineral Industries, Industries, by rule, as as required required by ORS 455.446 455.446(1)(b) and (c). (c). (2) A A transient transient lodging facility facility that is located zone shall locatedin aa tsunami tsunami inundation inundationzone posttsunami shallpost tsunamiwarning warning (3) of and evacuation evacuation plans plans developed under subsection information and developedunder subsection(3) of this this section. section. (3) The Office of Emergency Emergency Management, Management, in consultation consultationwith with the StateDepartment the State Departmentof of Geology Geologyand andMineral Mineral shall and adopt Industries, Industries,shall develop developand adopt by rule rule tsunami warning information tsunamiwarning informationand andevacuation plansrequired evacuationplans requiredto tobe be postedunder undersubsection posted subsection(2) of this this section. section. (4) A A transient transient lodging facility facility that is located locatedin aa tsunami tsunami inundation inundationzone zoneand andis: is: (a) A hotel, A motel, inn, inn, condominium condominium or other other similar similar facility facility shall shall post post the the tsunami tsunami waming warning information information and and motel, evacuationplans guestroom. evacuation plans in each eachguest room. (b) A A single-family dwelling unit shall post the tsunami warning information and evacuation evacuation plans in in at least least one prominent one prominent location location in the the dwelling unit. (c) A A public or private park shall post the tsunami warning information and evacuation evacuation plans in at least least one prominent prominent location, location, such such as as the office, the pay station station or another another central central location in the park at which which park information is distributed f }) distributed to park park users. users.+ 27 27 References References at: Thisisisat: in Newport NewportNews-Times. Anonymous. 2001 a. County Peru quake. quake. June 27 newspaper article News-Times. This newspaper articlein getstsunami June27 tsunamiwatch watchfor Peru 2A0la. Countygets Anonymous. http://www.newportnewstimes.com/articles/200 1/06/27/generallnews-05 .txt lgeneraVnews-05.txt http://www.newportnewstimes.com/articles/2001/06l2T is at: at: Thisis NewportNews-Times. Anonymous. repairs. In News-Times. This priorityfor In June June22 22 Newport for seismic toppriority seismicrepairs. 2001b.Local Localbridge bridgetop Anonymous.2001b. http://www.newportnewstimes.com/artic1es/200 1/06/22/generallnews-0 1 .txt http://www.newportnewstimes.com/articlesl2D}l/06/22lgeneraUnews-0l.txt (newspaper). Thisisis Anonymous. c. Quake response. March articlein News-Times(newspaper). This March33 article in Newport NewportNews-Times real-timetest testof disaster disasterresponse. 2001c. offersreal-time Anonymous.2001 Quakeoffers at 1/03/03/general/news-02 .txt l03lgeneraUnews-O2.txt at http://www.newportnewstimes.comlarticles/200 http://www.newporhewstimes.com/articles/2001/03 'wake-upcall.' (newspaper). Thisisisatat articlein in Newport News-Times(newspaper). Anonymous. d. Residents advised call.' March This March33 article NewportNews-Times heed'wake-up 2001d. advisedto to heed Residents Anonymous.2001 http://www.newportnewstimes.comlarticles/200 l/03/03/generallnews-29.txt /03/generaUnews-29.txt http://www.newporhewstimes.com/articles/2001/03 (newspaper). Thisisis News-Times(newspaper). articlein in Newport NewportNews-Times Anonymous. e. Depoe route map. map. July This July66 article tsunamievacuation route Bayreceives receivestsunami evacuation 2001e. DepoeBay Anonymous.2001 at 1/07/06/general/news-05 .txt /06lgeneraVnews-05.txt at http://www.newportnewstimes.com/articles/200 http://www.newporhrewstimes.com/articlesl2}}ll07 in Newport NewportNews-Times News-Times I I article articlein Anonymous. f. Waldport tsunami evacuation evacuation plan. plan. July proposedtsunami July11 for proposed to seek seekapproval approvalfor 2001f. Waldportto Anonymous.2001 (newspaper). (newspaper). This is at http://www.newportnewstimes.comlarticles/200 1/07/1 1/generallnews-07.txt This is at http://www.newporhewstimes.com/articles/2001/07/ll/generaUnews-O7.txt This is at newspaper articlein Newport Anonymous. quake waves. April article Newport News-Times. News-Times. This April 99 newspaper quakecould couldspawn spawnseveral tidal waves. 2003.Offshore severaltidal Offshore Anonymous.2003. http://www.newportnewstimes.com/articles/2003/04/09/generallnews-0 1 .txt http://www.newportnewstimes.com/articlesl2}03104/09lgeneraUnews-01.txt (newspaper). Eugene Oct.55Eugene Register-Guard Bacon, L. 1994. advisory up Register-Guard (newspaper). thecoast. lDand and3D 3DininOct. shakes upthe coast.P.P.1D 1994.Tsunami Tsunami advisoryshakes Bacon, Barker, on KATU-TV, KATU-TV, Portland, Portland, Oregon. Oregon. This This is at 2005news newsstory storyon February8, 8,2005 2005.Tsunami threatlooms loomsin in Lincoln LincolnCity. City. February Tsunamithreat Barker,B. 2005. http://www.katu.comlteam2/stoiy.asp?ID=74638 http://www.katu.com/team2lstory.asp?ID:7 4638 England. Press, Cambridge, Bryant, the hazard. Cambridge Univ. Cambridge, England. Univ.Press, 2001.Tsunami: theunderrated underratedhaznd. Cambridge Tsunami: Bryant,E. 2001. (newspaper). News-Times Alarticle article Newport Card, with ininJune 1717Newport News-Times (newspaper). waming.P.P.Al June withcalls callsduring duringtsunami tsunamiwarning. 2005a.LinCom LinCominundated inundated S. 2005a. Card,S. This is http://www.newportnewstimes.comlarticles/2005/06/l 7/news/news02.txt is at at http://www.newportnewstimes.com/articles/2005/06/17lnews/news02.txt This (newspaper). Thisis isat at June17 News-Times(newspaper). Card, response mixed This andA3 A3article articleininJune 17Newport NewportNews-Times mixedin in Newport. Newport.P. P.Al Al and 2005b.Tsunami Tsunami response S. 2005b. Card,S. http://www.newportnewstimes.comlarticles/2005/06/17/news/newsO3 .txt / I7 lnews/news03.fxt htp://www.newporb:rewstimes.com/articlesi2005/06 (LincolnCity) thatwas wasatat Casteel, responds totowarning. 22 article NewsGuard Guard(Lincoln City)that articleininNews 2005.County responds warning.P.P.AlO A10June hne22 County Casteel,E. 2005. http://www.thenewsguard.com/news!story.cflui?story_no=25 15 and and may may become become available available in in the the"Tsunami" "Tsunami"link Iinkata1 htfp://www.thenews$uard.com/news/story.ctn?story_no:2515 guard.com http://www.thenewsguard.com http ://www.thenews Center Center for Coastal Coastal & & Land-Margin Land-MarginResearch. Research. 1996. for tsunamis on Oregon Oregon coastal coastal communities. communities. Center society:impact impactof tsunamis 1996.Science for society: Science Center Thisis isat at for Coastal Land-Margin Research, Research, Oregon Oregon Health Health and and Science Science University. University. This Coastal& & Land-Margin http://www.ccalmr.ogi.edultsunamilimages/minutes http://www.ccalmr.ogi.edu/tsunami/images/minutes (LincolnCity) was Choy, Bay evacuated. P.P.Al 22 News gladto Al 1l article articlein NewsGuard Guard(Lincoln City) that thatwas tosee inJune June22 Bayofficials offrcialsglad seeresidents residents evacuated. 2005a.Depoe Depoe Choy,B. 2005a. at http://192.216.l 1 l.195/news/story.cftn?story_no=25l7 andmay and may become become available available inthe in the"Tsunami" 'Tsunami" link at athttp/ll92.216.1ll.195/news/story.cfrn?story_no:2517 guard.com http://www.thenewsguard.com http://www.thenews (LincolnCity) June 22News City) that Choy, didn't. P. ininJune 22 that was was at P.Al and Al Iarticle article NewsGuard Guard(Lincoln 2005b.Some worried,others othersdidn't. andAll Someworried, Choy,B. 2005b. link at http://192.2 16.111. 195/news/story.cfin?story no=25 16 and may become available in the "Tsunami" link at may become available in the and hry:l/192.216.1I1.195/news/story.cfrn?story_no:2516 "Tsunami" guard.com http://www.theriewsguard.com http://www.thenews promptslook LincolnCity officials P.Al Al and andAAl0 Choy, warning Lincoln diagnose problems. problems. P. 10 lookat alertsystems: systems: offrcialsdiagnose 2005c.Tsunami warningprompts atlocal localalert Tsunami Choy,B. 2005c. article in June 22 News News Guard Guard (Lincoln (Lincoln City) City) that that was was at at http://192.216.111.195/news/story.cfrn?story_no:2514 http://l 92.216.111.1 95/news/story.cfln?story_no25 14 and and may may June22 article become available the "Tsunami" http://www.thenewsguard.com availablein the link at at http://www.thenewsguard.com become "Tsunami"link Arcata (California). (California). The Arcata general general plan:.2020, plan: 2020, Chapter Chapter6: 6:health healthand andsafefy. safety. This is is at at TheArcata City of Arcata http://www.arcatacityhall.orgI2O2O/2020/GPfmallChapter6/pub_saf.html html http://www.arcatacityhall.org/202012020/GPfnaVChapter6/pub_saf. publicsafety at City of El El Segundo Segundo(California). (California). 1992. 1992. El general plan plan -- 1992. 1992. 10. 10.public element.This Thisisisat EI Segundo Segundogeneral safetyelement. http://www.elsegundo.org/cityservices/planning/planningeneralplanIl Opbsfly.htm http://www.elsegundo.org/cityservices/planning/planning/general,plar/lOpbsfty.htm SafetyElement. http://ci.fortCity of Fort Bragg Bragg(Califomia). (California). 2002. 2002. General December 2002. 2002. VIII. VIII. Safety Plan- December Element.This Thisisisatathttp://ci.fortGeneralPlan bragg.ca.us/genplan.htm bragg.ca.us/genplan.htm withinflood City and County County of of Honolulu Honolulu [Hawaii]. [Hawaii]. [no year] Revised of Honolulu. within Honolulu.Article Article11. 11.Regulations Regulations floodhazard hazard Revisedordinances ordinances City and [no year] districts adjacent http://www.co.honolulu.hi.us/refs/rohll 6a1 I .htm anddevelopments adjacentto to drainage drainagefacilities. facilities.This Thisisisatath@://www.co.honolulu.hi.us/refs/roh/16a11.htm districtsand developments strategy.This Thisisisat athttp://www.mothernaturehttp://www.mothernatureCounty Kauai [Hawaii. [Hawaii. [no year] Multi-hazard Multi-hazardmitigation mitigationstrategy. Countyof Kauai [no year] hawaii.comlcountykauailplanning 1l.htm .htm hawaii.com/county_kauai/planning year]Hawaii 1995.This County Hawaii. [no and 1995. HawaiiCounty CountyCode--revised Code--revised andrepublished republished Thisisisat at Countyof Hawaii. [noyear] http://www.co.hawaii.hi.us/countycode/main.html http://www.co.hawaii.hi.us/countycode/main.html Thisisisat at County of ofMendocino Mendocino(California). (California).1991. 1991. GeneralPlan-12-9-1991. GeneralPlan--12-9-199l. V. Safety V. Seismic Seismic SafetyElement. Element.This County http://www.co.mendocino.ca.us/planning/GenPlan/Seismic/05goals.pdf with with Table definitionsat at TabIe22 defmitions http://www.co.mendocino.ca.us/planning/GenPlan/Seismic/05goals.pdf; http://www.co.mendocino.ca.us/planning/GenPlanlSeismic/O3General.PDF http://www.co.mendocino.ca.us/planning/GenPlan/Seismic/O3General.PDF County of of Whatcom Whatcom(Washington). (Washington). 2005. 2005. Whatcom County Critical CriticalAreas AreasOrdinance. Ordinance. 17 17 March March2005. 2005. This is WhatcomCounty County at:http://www.co.whatcom.wa.us/pds/shorelines_critical_areas/pdflCAOo/o2}staf9/o20report_Plaming%20Commission.p (newspaper). Thisisisatat Dillman, to This A8article articlein inJune June17 17Newport NewportNews-Times News-Times(newspaper). 2005a.Local reactions totsunami tsunamiwarning warningvary. vary.P.P.A8 Localreactions Dillman,T. 2005a. http://www.newportnewstimes.comlarticles/2005/06/1 1I 8.fxt 8.txt cles/2005 I06I I7/news/news 7/news/news http://www.newporbrewstimes.com/arti 28 28 News-f imes Newport News-Times July 1I Newport M article articlein July andA2 Diliman, T. T. 2005b. City's tsunami tsunamireadiness. readiness. P. Al Al and pondersLincoln Lincoln City's 2005b.Council Councilponders Dillman, http://www.newporhewstimes.com./articlesl2005l07i01/news/news04.txt (newspaper). This I /news/newsO4.txt (newspaper). Thisisisatathttp://www.newportnewstimes.comlarticles/2005/07/O (Thisis is Hawaii. (This Honolulu,Hawaii. Press,Honolulu, Hawai'iPress, of Hawai'i edition.University Universityof Secondedition. Tsunami!Second Dudley, W. C. C. ana andM. M.Lee. Lee. 1998. 1998. Tsunami! Dudley,W. StateUniversity GC222.H3 D84 at at Oregon Oregon State University Libraries.) Libraries.) GC222.H3 Thisis is at at This (newspaper). News-Times(newspaper). NewportNews-Times 17Newport June17 P.All Al Iarticle articleininJune Eberly, L. 2005a. area successful.P. areaevacuation evacuationsuccessful. 2005a.Bayshore Bayshore Eberly,L. I .fit http://www.newportnewstimes.comlarticles/2005/06/17/news/news2 1 .txt / l7 lnewslnews2 http://www.newporbrewstimes.com/articles/2005/06 This is is News-Times (newspaper). (newspaper). This 17Newport NewportNews-Times June17 inJune P.A2 A2article articlein Eberly, 'orderly and andcalm.' calm.'P. areaevacuation evacuation'orderly Waldportarea zoosu.Waldport Eberly,L. 2005b. lnews/news07.txt /17 at 7/news/newsO7.txt at http://www.newportnewstimes.comlarticles/2005/06/l http://www.newporblewstimes.com/articles/2005/06 is at at This Thisis (newspaper). News-Times(newspaper). 17Newport inJune June17 NewportNews-Times articlein P.Al article Eberly, L. L. 2005c. evacuation aasuccess. P. success. evacuation Yachats 2005c.Yachats Eberly, 5/06/17/news/news04.txt http://www.newportnewstimes.comlarticles/2005/06/I 7/news/news04.txt http://www.newportnewstimes.com/articles/200 at (Brookings) at Pilot (Brookings) CoastalPilot CurryCoastal plan.June inCurry June25 25article articlein Friedrichs, J. 2005. wamingplan. tsunamiwarning OKnew newtsunami 2005.Officials OfficialsOK Friedrichs, I 0982 http://www.currypilot.cornlnews/story.cfln?story_nol 0982 http://www.currypilot.com/news/story.cfrn?story-no= (LincolnCity) City) Guard(Lincoln 22 News NewsGuard in June June22 ,{4 and andA5 in P.A4 hadit together. Fuller, E. 2005. Reader's open together. P. City, had notLincoln LincolnCity, Elks,not openforum: forum:Elks, ZOOS. 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This April 29 articlein Newport planningfor aa tsunami beginsplanning 2005f.Waldport Waldportbegins Gallob, http://www.newportnewstimes.comlarticles/2005/04/29/news/news2 I .txt I'txt | 04/29lnewslnews2 http://www.newportnewstimes.com/articlesl2005 articleininCorvallis Corvallis 28article December Geist, tsunamis not occurrences in 28 PacificNorthwest. Northwest.InInDecember inthe thePacific unusual occurrences tsunamis notunusual Earthquakes, 2004.Earthquakes, Geist,W. 2004. eslA\}4ll2l28lnews/community/tue03.prt Gazette-Times (newspaper). This is at http://www.gazettetimes.com/articles/2004/12/28/news/community/tueO3 .prt (newspaper). This is at http://www.gazettetimes.com/articl Gazette-Times archivesat at parks for a fee (newspaper) available online; Hamner, E. 2004. Parks staff ready to respond. In Dec. 30 Coos Bay The World (newspaper) online; available for a fee inin archives Bay The World 30 Coos respond. In Dec. ready to staff Hamner, 2004. http://www.theworldlink.com http ://www.theworldlink.com Register-Guard hne26 articleininRegister-Guard information? wasradio radioinformation? mailbag:Where Wherewas Henke, J. F. Rooney. Rooney. 2005. inineditor's mailbag: June 26 article Letters editor's 2005.Letters S. and andJ. Henke,S. (Eugene) (Eugene)at at http://www.registerguard.com http://www.registerguard.com State WashingtonState 2001Washington August-September of the theAugust-September Resultsof Johnston, D., D., D. D. Paton, Paton, B. B. Houghton, Houghton, J. J.Becker, Becker,and andG. G.Crumbie. Crumbie. 2002. 2002. Results 2001 Johnston, Tsunami Institute of of Geological Geological &&Nuclear Nuclear Sciences Sciences Science ScienceReport Report2002117. 2002/17. This is at Survey.Institute TsunamiSurvey. http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology/pdf/gnssr20021I 7.pdf 7.pdf http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geologylpdflgns-sr2002NewportNews-Times News-Times ,{9article articleininJune June17 17Newport andA9 Kimberling, warning 'good shake-up,' fire says.P.P.A8 A8and firechief chiefsays. shake-up,' wamingaa'good 2005a.Tsunami Tsunami Kimberling,G. 2005a. (newspaper). This http://www.newporhewstimes.com/articles/2005106/17lnews/newslT.txt 7/news/news 1 7.txt (newspaper). Thisisisatathttp://www.newportnewstimes.comlarticles/2005/06/l June17 17Newport Kimberling, G. 2005b. 0 article articlein June Newport News-Times News-Times (newspaper). (newspaper). This This lessons.P. P.Al A10 flood of lessons. wamingbrings bringsflood 2005b.Tsunami Tsunamiwarning Kimberling,G. 106l17lopnion/opinions0l.txt is at http://www.newportnewstimes.comlarticles/2005/06/l 7/opinion/opinionsO 1 .txt at http://www.newporfnewstimes.com/articles/2005 is inJune lTNewportNews-Times(newspaper). 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Al Al and Newport NewsNewswarningreaction examinetsunami tsunamiwarning 2005e.Experts Expertsexamine Kimberling,G. .txt l0TlDSlnewslnewsOl Times (newspaper). This http:i/www.newporhewstimes.com/articles/2005 .txt Thisisisatathttp://www.newportnewstimes.com/articIes/2005/07/08/news/news01 Times(newspaper). 1806-1992. U.S. States, WestCoast Coastof of the theUnited UnitedStates, Lander, J. F., F., P. A. A. Lockidge, Lockridge, and and M. M. J. J. Kozuch. Kozuch. 1993. affecting 1806-1992. U.S. theWest Tsunamis affectingthe 1993.Tsunamis Lander,J. Dept. of Commerce, Commerce, National National Oceanic Oceanic and and Atmospheric Atmospheric Administration, Administration, National National Environmental Environmental Satellite, Satellite, Data, Data, and and Information Information Dept. No. Documentation to Geophysical RecordsDocumentation Geophysical Service, National Geophysical Geophysical Data Data Center. Center. Boulder, Boulder, Colorado. Colorado. NGDC Records No. 29. 29. NGDCKey Keyto Service,National UniversityLibraries.) Libraries.) (This L36 1993 1993at atOregon OregonState StateUniversity (Thisis is at at GC222.U6 GC222.IJ6L36 ofTsunami Tsunami Science globaltsunamis--1982-2002. tsunamis--1982-2002. Twodecades decades of global Lander, J. F., L. S. S. Whiteside, Whiteside, and and P. P. A. A.Lockridge. Lockridge. 2003. 2003. Two of Science of Lander,J. 2l(l). This is at http://library.lanl.gov/tsunami Hazards, the International Journal of the Tsunami Society Society 21(1). This is at http://library.lanl.gov/tsunami the Tsunami Journal Hazards,the International 29 29 DataBuoy Buoy NationalData motionmeasurements? measurements? frombuoy buoymotion National Data Data Buoy Center. Center. 2002. wave National derivedfrom arespectral wavedata dataderived Howare spectral 2002.How National This at Dept. of Commerce. Center, National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Dept. Commerce. 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HumboldtBay SouthSpit, This is at 3) Station Station46212 46212-- Humboldt Bay South Select Measurements" to see National Data Buoy Buoy Center Center (2005a) (2005a) that that wave wave heights heights were were measured measured during during 20 Select"Description seeNationalData "Descriptionof Measurements" minute the Station 46212 web page page shows that wave wave heights heights were were reported reported every every 30 30 minutes. minutes. showsthat minuteintervals; intervals;the Station46212web (094).This Select 4) 13. Select 4) Station 46213--Cape CapeMendocino, Thisisisatathttp://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/station_page.php?station=462 http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/station3age.php?station:46213. Station46213 Mendocino,CA CA (094). 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[Select City gauge Crescent Ciry(9419750), andthen then Califomia,then thenCrescent athttplltidesonline.nos.noaa.gov/geographic.html. e419150),and [SelectCalifornia, SelectOregon, thenPort PortOrford Orford "Click Here for Data Data Listing" Listing" to see see that that tide tide gauge gauge date date there there are are recorded recorded every every 66 minutes. minutes. Select Oregon,then "Click Here (9431647), (9431647), and then "Click Here Here for Data Data Listing" Listing" to see see that that tide tide gauge gauge date date there there are are recorded recorded every every 6 minutes. minutes. andthen planningand principlesfor forplanning and National Hazard Mitigation Program Program (NTHMP). (NTHIvIP). 2001a. 2001a. Designing seven Designingfor fortsunamis: tsunamis: sevenprinciples TsunamiHazardMitigation NationalTsunami (National and designing for tsunami tsunami hazards. hazards. National Atmospheric NationalTsunami TsunamiHazard HazardMitigation MitigationProgram Program(National Oceanic Oceanicand Atmospheric designing Administration, U.S. U.S. Geological Geological Survey, Survey, Federal Federal Emergency Emergency Management Management Agency, Agency, National National Science Science Foundation, Foundation, State State of of Administration, is at Alaska, State of California, State of Hawaii, State of Oregon, and State of Washington.) This is at and State Washington.) This Alaska,State California,State Hawaii,State Oregon, http://www.prh.noaa.gov/itic/library/pubs/online_docs/Designing_for_Tsunamis.pdf and "[Tsunami] Preparedness" Preparedness" http://www.prh.noaa.gov/itic/library/pubs/online_docs/Designing_for_Tsunamis.pdf and "[Tsunami] (http://www.prh.noaa.gov/itic/Iibrary/pubs/preparedness/preparedness.html) (http://www.prh.noaa.gov/itic/library/pubs/preparedness/preparedness.html) byby International Tsunami Information Center, Tsunami Information International Center, National NationalWeather WeatherService, Service,NOAA. NOAA. papers.National NationalTsunami Tsunami National Hazard Mitigation Mitigation Program Program O{THMP). (NTHMP). 2001b. TsunamiHazard 2001b.Designing Designingfor for tsunamis: tsunamis:background backgroundpapers. NationalTsunami Hazard Program (National (National Oceanic Oceanic and and Atmospheric Atmospheric Administration, Administration, U.S. U.S. Geological Geological Survey, Survey, Federal Federal Emergency Emergency HazardMitigation MitigationProgram Management Agency, National Science Foundation, State State of Alaska, Alaska, State State of California, California, State State of Hawaii, Hawaii, State State of Oregon, Oregon, and and Management Agency,National ScienceFoundation, (ABAG) Tsunami State of Washington.) Washington.) This of (ABAG) State Association BayArea TsunamiInformation, Information, Thisisisat atAssociation of Bay AreaGovernments Governments http://www.abag.ca.gov/bayarea!eqmaps/tsunamiltsunami.html individual chapters chapters at at http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunami http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunamihttpl/www.abag.ca.gov/bayarealeqmaps/tsunami./tsunami.html with individual -2.pdf, hazerdlB ackgroundPapersintrochpts hazard/BackgroundPapersintrochpts 1I -2.pdf, (Chap.3: http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunami-hazard/BackgroundPaperschpt3 .pdf (Chap. http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunami-hazard/BackgroundPaperschpt3.pdf 3: Land-use Land-usePlanning), Planning), (Chap. http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunami-hazard/BackgroundPaperschpts4-5.pdf (Chap. 4: Site Site Planning; Planning; Chap. Chap. 5: Building Building Design), Design), http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunami-hazard/BackgroundPaperschpts4-5.pdf http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunami-hazardlBackgroundPaperschpts6-7appendix.pdf (Chap.6:Infrastructure (Chap. 6: Infrastructure and and Critical Critical http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tsunami-hazard/BackgroundPaperschpts6-Tappendix.pdf Facilities; Facilities;Chap. Chap.7: 7: Vertical VerticalEvacuation). Evacuation). guidefor government. andlocal localgovernment. Olmstead, D. 2003. ininOregon's tsunami inundation zone: guide and 2003.Development Development Oregon's tsunami inundation zone:information information fordevelopers developers Olmstead, Oregon Department of Geology Geology and and Mineral Mineral Industries Industries Open Open File File Report Report ODF-03-05. ODF-03-05. This Thisreport reportwas wasnot notavailable availableon onthe the OregonDepartment available for$10 DOGAML Internet for Internetin March March2005, 2005,but is available availableas asaa505K 505Kfile onaaCD CDavailable fromDOGAMI. butitit is file on $10from information abouttsunamis tsunamis save Oregon Department of Geology Geology and and Mineral Mineral Industries Industries (DOGAMD. (DOGAMI). 1998. need about totosave 1998.Oregonians Oregonians needmore moreinformation OregonDepartment lives. April 1998 press pressrelease. This lives. 21,1998 release. http://www.oregongeology.com/news&events/archives/9808-REl.htm April 21, Thisisisatathttp://www.oregongeology.com/news&events/archives/9808-REL.htm 30 30 facilities. lodgingfacilities. for Oregon preparedness guide guidefor oregonlodging Tsunamipreparedness Oregon Department of of Geology Geology and and Mineral Mineral Industries Industries (DOGAMI). (DOGAMI). 2003. 2003. Tsunami oregon - Deparhnent OSU the at on a CD Industries. This is available on a CD at the OSU available This is Industries. Mineral and of Geology Open File Report 0-03-04, Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral OpenFile Report0-03-04,OregonDepartment 10.17.03 .pdf indicates indicates that that htip://sarvis.dogami.iiate.or.uslnewsYo26events/TsunamiGuidel0.l7.03'pdf Hatfield and http://sarvis.dogami.state.or.us/news%26events/TsunamiGuide ceot"iana ScienceCenter MarineScience HatfieldMarine coast." all lodging facilities at at the the Oregon Oregon coast." facilities lodging to charge free over 500 copies were be "mailed free of charge be were to "mailed over500copies coastal someOregon oregoncoastal for some mapsfor evacuationmaps Tsunamievacuation Oregon Department of Geology Geology and and Mineral Mineral Industriis Industries (DOGAMD(DOGAMI). [2005]. [2005]. 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Vol. 9. 9. gicalHazards Research and Technological Hazards Research Vol. and Technolo perspectives Natural Advances HazardReduction. Hebenstreit (ed.), Perspectives Tsunami Hazard Reduction. Advances in Natural Tsunami (ed.), on Hebenstreit Netherlands. Dordrecht, Publishers, Kiuwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands. Kluwer Academic the"tsunami" "tsunami"link throughthe (newspaper).This This is is available availablethrough NewsGuard Guard(newspaper). 25Lincoln LincolnCity CityNews August Richins, 25 ready.InInAugust Tsuramiready. 2004.Tsunami Richins,C. 2004. guard.com ://www.thenews at http http://www.thenewsguard.com at 29. December Coast?December 29. theOregon oregonCoast? strikethe largetsunami tsunamistrike couldaalarge release: immediate forinimediate Roddey, l.J. 2004. for release: could Release NewsRelease DoGAMi News zooq.DOGAMI Roddey, Thisis is at at Oregon Department of Geology Geology and and Mineral Mineral Industries. Industries. This OregonDepartment http://sarvis. dogami. state.or.us/newsTo26events/TsunamiPR.pdf state. or. us/news%2 6events/TsunamiPR.pdf http://sarvis.dogami. at wasat (newspaper). (newspaper). This Thiswas Register-Guard EugeneRegister-Guard InDecember December hazardzones. Ross, zones. In 88Eugene tsunamihazard Livingwithin withintsunami 2003.Living Ross,W. 2003. I 208.htrnl http://www.registerguard.comlnews/2003/12!08/al .tsunami. 1 208.html I l2l 08 I al.tsunami. 03 http://www.registerguard.com/news/20 at Register-Guard (Eugene) (Eugene) at 16Register-Guard inJune June16 andAl articlein Ross, holds lessons lessons for for coast. coast. P. Al Al and AllIarticle Tsunamiscare scareholds 2005.Tsunami Ross,W. 2005. com http://www.registerguard.com ://www.registerguard. http (Eugene)at at Register-Guard (Eugene) July44 Register-Guard articlein July P. AAl2 Somestations stationsbroadcast mailbag:Some Sargent, C. 2005. broadcast alerts. alerts. P. 12 article editor'smailbag: inthe theeditor's Lefier;in 2005.Letters Sargent, http:/lwww.registerguard.com http://www.registerguard.com Bin" (The publication publication "Ore "OreBin" Bn26:231-232. coast.Ore OreBin onthe theOregon Oregoncoast. Tsunamis Schatz, C. 8., E., U. H. CurL Curl, rr, Jr., and and W. W. V. V. Burt. Burt. 1964. on 26:23 1-232. (The 1964.Tsunamis Schatz,b. observed tsunami thetsunami observed of the characteristics andcharacteristics Sourceand 1965.Source has continued by by "Oregon "Oregon Geology. Geology. "Also see see Schatz, Schatz, C. C. E. E. 1965. hasbeen beencontinued University.) along the coast coast of of the the Pacific Pacific Northwest Northwest on on March March 28, 28, 1964. 1964. Master Master of Science Science thesis, thesis, Oregon Oregon State State University.) alongthe at is at Thisis planninglessons Association.This PlanningAssociation. AmericanPlanning tsunamidisaster. Oceantsunami fromthe theIndian IndianOcean Schwab, J. 2004. Planning from disaster. American lessons ZOO1. Schwab,i. orlfeaturesl2004ltsunami'htm http:l/www.planning. http://www.planning.orglfeatures/2004/tsunami.htm (LincolnCity) Guard (Lincoln that was was City) that 22News NewsGuard in June June22 A8 article articlein P.A8 predecessors'work Stanfihl, L. ZOOS. 2005. Foley work at at inn. inn. P. to continue continuehis his predecessors' plani to foley plans Stanfill,L. at link in the available in the "Tsunami" link at "Tsunami" may available become and at http://www.thenewsguard.com/news/story.cfin?story no=2604 and may become at http://www.thenewsguard.com/news/story.cfrn?story_no:2604 com http://www.thenewsguard.com http ://www.thenewsguard. Risk Stateof of Oregon OregonRisk 2004. State | , 2004. I 97on on December December1, ORSChapter Chapter197 newstatute toORS State of Oregon. 2004. Ballot Measure 37 to statute 37adds addsaanew Measure 2004. Ballot State Oregon. health "publichealth This measure Management Division. Division. This measure does does not not apply apply to to "public athttp:!/egov.oregon.govIDAS!RiskIM37.shtml. http:/legov.oregon.gov/DASlRisk/M37.shtml. is at Thisis Manag-ement regulations. and safetyregulations." " andsafety at Release at StateUniversity June15 15Oregon OregonState Stauth, D. D. 2005. on event. June University News News Release commonevent. Plateaa common onGorda GordaPlate Earthquakes 2005.Earthquakes Stauth, htm 005/JunO 5/earthquake. edu/dept/ncs/newsarch/2 http://oregonstate.eduldept/ncs/newsarch/2005/Jun05/earthquake.htm http ://oregonstate. Gazette-Times CorvallisGazette-Times March30 30Corvallis and22in inMarch pastseven months.P.P.11arid Teal, M. 1964. sevenmonths. familyduring dwingpast loseentire entirefamily wavevictims victimslose Tidalwave 1964.Tidal Teal, (newspaper). (newspaper). (newspaper). PortlandOregonian in July July 7 Portland articlein quakes,tsunamis. P.R6 R6article Tomlinson, S.. 1993. Beach tsunamis. P. Oregonian (newspaper). preparedfor for quakes, Beachprepared Cannon tggZ.Cannon Tomlinson,S (newspaper). This (newspaper). Thisis is News Lincoln City Guard 9 In March Vittek, In March 9 Lincoln News Guard tsunamiawareness. awareness. talkabout abouttsunami knowtalk Thoseininthe theknow 2005.Those Vittek, K. 2005. available through through the the "tsunami" "tsunami" link at http://www.thenewsguard.com http://www.thenewsguard.com available (GoldBeach) Beach) Reporter(Gold CountyReporter andJuly July 1I in Curry June24 betweenJune Walker, workshop 24 and Curry County alert.Article Articlebetween ontsunami tsunamialert. workshopon Cityholds trotAs 2005.City Walker,M. 2005. that was was at at htp:/lwww.currycountyreporter.com http://www.currycountyreporter.com that This (newspaper). Thisis is at at News-Times(newspaper). 19article articleiii inNewport NewportNews-Times planningeditorial. July19 Welch, H. 2000. to editorial.InInJuly totsunami tsunamiplanning response 2000.Opinion: dpinion:response Welch, http://www.newportnewstimes.comlarticles/2000/07/l 9/opinionlopinion-05 .txt http://www.newportnewstimes.com./articles/2000/07l19/opinion/opinion-05.txt Welch, B. 2005. Out mind is poor poor policy policyfor fortsunamis. tsunamis. In In Jan. Jan. 20 20 Eugene EugeneRegister-Guard. Register-Guard. This is is at at out of mind sight,Out Ouiof ofsight, ZOOS. Welch,b. http://www.registerguard.comlnews/2005/0 I .cr.welch.0 1I 20'html' 20.html. 0 | /20lbl .cr.welch.0 05I 1/20/b http://www.registerguard.com/news/20 1964,VoI.6: Weller, J. M. 1972. response to tsunami warnings. P.P.222-22sinTheGreatAlaskaEarthquakeof 222-228 in The Great Alaska Earthquake of 1964, Vol. 6: Humanresponsetotsunamiwarnings. tglZ. Human Weller,i.t'1. C D. C Washington, of Sciences, Sciences, Oceanography and and Coastal Coastal Engineering. Engineering. National Washington, D. NationalAcademy Academyof Oceanogaphy theuse useof of GIS GIS hazards:the tsunamihazards: andtsunami to earthquake earthquake portand harborcommunities communities Wood. and J. W. Good. Good. 2004. to and ofport andharbor Vulnerabilityof 2004.Vulnerability J. andJ. Wood.N. J. Management 32:243'269. Coastal in community hazard planning. Coastal Management 32:243-269. communityhazardplanning. 31 31

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