y .1 o"-. \VI3 cO3L wB - Ga3gL 7 Esn4re|€s - fAQUsP4. Fty eA YAOtrr.a a 11cATIvEs .1Lt *.t. SxiSOS1 SFS,$"8':{., tSft j:l?A,EI'f tr S iiFOR T*ilStSS OF MILL WASTES tlgf KRAFT k]i?"AF'T1'131f,3., iN if/r.Qi}3$*& QUINAEg:i'#ARf suir1 ffa-Ei,}#ti oixm 3i{ a o O by Iiarrf.s flenni R CIenrli.n fi,. Harris Graduate Student $tudenf Si:edueLe Oregon Stefe Stetet3ni.ver**.ty Univerty $regon 0re6*n Corvi10 Oregon Cost'a3.3.C.s0 a b r lJndee Conducted Condrsst*d Under g'RANgR6 NSPHS GRANT R6 9515 rfspr{s 9$15 gi:i$1*i-c:.r:EVALUATION AN 01? WATER 3$3,3L1JTION POLLUTION CONTROL S0}ttF.8L .ii,r,T ECONOMIC ffiilAl,ItA?5CIiq s$' r{A'trEIt i963 Sep teber 1963 $epfembar . o / t a P0nscutN T|BRARY .u4!!l_YN sctENcr llllLlP UARTNE cENrEfi glEc0N MARftYN POTTS GUIN LIBRARY HATFIEU MARINE SCIENCE CENTER OREGON STATE STATE UNfVERS|TY UNIVERSITY NEWPORT, NEWPORT, OREGON OREGON 97365 97365 -I i [ra I'r t i - - ;,1-r.i."":,i*9,Bf,:*:? :}.ji., Page Page -:l:islu5i:iA ir.:,iii T3- If;lijlj:C j5P35j feT YLQUIN\ fi,:-jt'i*J"iI $5-$F#S/1ji AT a . ? iurpo i.,r:auf.r*se: D l*.*'6*".*r:isl.i.r:*r Wa 'cc tion * 3-*rr o Cg fcncent.ra n * i'irbg *nce,:;titl:f iati €.i,irr I. 1 i,i3-fl *r're;etr: l.i*, i:/e,a Alternatc Methods Watc Dipo. tBaoils * :f of t* i3i gi:nc ;t... 2-3 2-3 .c*Rlll xi 31 t i C.':2UTERssLff?'I*}:s SOLUTIONSFsR FOR tLCULAING i,3,tsll& WASE CONCENTRATIONS *i-E{i:rJt'l#. cii.'?*(:1.?3"s:i:Iiq# scHeg:{T',RATIoNs !}g$S*Lif.fiBOXYGEN &t{il DISSOLVED AND IN {i:{YGFi;$ B,$'j3fcl?.ii$S Ibi EsTuAR:ES Fr E t tt t I i il ill I I l trt :,r Purpce Falrprr**l Sumaay $um*ra:ry 'f;it*oxlr heory il.,le*te (Waste *t:r{:snt:raii;f.cn Ccentratthn - $8,3;i'1 $3rmb'ois(irBOD) List L,fst of E:f Svnbois {XJEO}} &t i"i*ek.**j D) {{!.?i#$} ffx*np3.s f'"pp!..{.crrt:icr: Eampia of Application (u:&OD) *,r:f {U13ED} tkygca} Theory The*:ry (P olvad Oxygen) {iti.seo3.rr*ut List 3,.f.st of l:f Symbols Sy:abc3.* (DO) t.il0) Methoó (DO) $feth*d f $fJ) *'pp3"ieetton (DO) Example Sx*mpii.* of af Application {ilOi I9 I9 9.tl 9-11 11-12 11-ltr 12-1 12-13 13-14 13-14 17 1,7 17 L7 18 L8 19 19 AT}FEH*IX APPENDIX 26 26 IISG!) **r;pute"s ImOD Copu tar Flow lrloqp Chart Cherfl ixp1anation **p3.enei3.en of of Computer fio,mpucer Flow F'3"*wChart €isarc *$ffipilgei: Program Tfapf,e Concentration Computer Froguer: for f,or Waste esmcentrati.sn (UBOD) {LfEOD} (;?$ Fortran IBM l2O ir€lrgssxr II e$t4 3 (3n format l.lBSSInput UBOD 3ni:uf Data S&Ce (In es read reed into lnto computer) e{w}puter} f,oxi,ret,as (A'bbrevleted Form) tlS'SF Computer ilorar) UBOD Cexqisle*F Output Sutput (Abbreviated IliseoL'red Oqigen I',*rtren Dissolved Oxygen Program IBM Fortran 1 .1.62CI X,EIX1620 .:. *S Input DO format as read into computer) Inptr* Data OeCa (In f,srlnae read csmputer) es 5.nte {Ln IiO Ou*pu.fl DC) Output eexpu*e:r Computer {Abbrevlate*l (Abbreviated F'o:'w} Form) 27-28 27-28 29 29 30 30 31 3l 32 92 33 33 34 34 22-24 22-39- ntfrtI$GRAF;35: BIDLIOGFAPN? LIST 0F OF plcrlRgs FIGURES AitD AND E&Btgs TABLES tr$? PART F.f,"f.?Ir ,-l o Figure s'3-gure 1i, Table ?eb3.e 15 FS.gure 2€b Figure Figure Ff.gure 3 Ff.gure Figure 4 Yaquina Yaqu*na Estuary Estuary A"Le*::ile.ti.vea Alternatives Ultimate U3Ef.m*.*eBiochemical E*och*nfeaL Oxygen Sx;r6en Demand Femand Resulting Resultfag Srom, Proeees Mill From aa 60{i 600 Ton/Fay mn/Day Rrar.f,g Krft Process }:ill"} Kraft Methods lda$Le Concentrations Kreft Waste end Comparison Co*parlssn Hethods Sor:eentreS*ene and Dissolved &:rygen Oxygen Sag Curve Reeul8*.ng Resulting $'rem From a $e.g Currve Sf.e*:o3v*d '$$* Yan/$a3r Upwell.ing 500 Ton/Day itraff Kraft Preiees{t Process Miti Mill and Oceen Ocean Upwelling 4 5 5 ,:. ii : 6 S],t 7 v:,;; ' .:. : . g 8.' , t. PART II PfiRt 3I Table ?e,bI.e Figure Figure Table Tab!.e F{ *rrva Figure iiA A fr B B B n Assumptions Ass*nptio$s (UBOD) iti$O$) 1JSOF IJBOD Vesaug Versus ?l.E?s Time fo:r for $egoeral Several $eetSone Sections Assumptions A.ssumptS.onc(DO) {n0} $evera3 Sections Se*tlone Dissolved Oxygen Versua Versus Time ?irne for fox Several D$"seslved Sxy'gen :15 .5 16 16 21 2l 20 20 r ' rt . - ...---- .i, ,', ; ' : ; :, ":; ' .r:-' 1:::; i; ' f I I PART i,A31T I"J lr I,.rderi:€$;[*tr;oua3. .frofiuax.y Wae:e DLpoal at tgeYaquim' Yaq*{e,* Eeba'ry .,)**p;gw t 'Ihe eh5,* repore The purpeise putpoae of of thia report Ia ev 3,usfe luate a!.ferneE* alternate eng$.neertng en3ineertng plgna plan. *.e to ts sv{ llor Bhe for the d$.ep*eaX diapoal of watee from pulp arret eg si,a$t:ss Sirsf* : roce Sremaa Kraft s$e*&s pulp and Fspea paper mf"3.3, d1i located X,ocated s* TtE}.ede, utregeao Thaae at Toledo Oragon th**e alternatives ia;p* been been ena!.uetect hive evaluated frog a3-f;errua8*$uee frem the the standpoint et@potgt c5f,ea8img*esien:BRa3e*gEnndeeg$jeebedr*.nu3,t{'ngpo3'3.$t[t'g1eafYaqusna m1 (.)l.)4tiT Fl Iieti:ely i* *rder rfl t41 eo pt:evlde data for crr-j.nueetesefors 1i) 4 ')i 1 'grant on lIT. reseatreh 4 R895l5 "An Economic Evaluation of Water Pollution Control" p Detmination of Waste fte$-eff{$*p&gqs -Qgps:-egqssg$s*g "o€$ceLaConcentrations l €n andee to 8e evaluate order reeults of of waete waste d$.epceal disposal *.n in an an eetraary* eatuary all eva?us,.gsthe the reeu!.Le ell facecrc w.hf,ehhave lnaqs ae dale dele**rfou$ ctore which tciriow*eeones{e economicef€eeE effect cn on 8trre the Gstuery eatuary and and eurrormdl.ng surrounding a t?f*$.ffi!atbeeens{,dered"T3rege*aeI'u{ie*..dotrotwerature,enudgedapo*|'t*, ',"'. grotrtSrenecu st$."rxp ale rowtha, se!"sinp color d{ssolved $w:S.$rB, ogen, -and colofu dissolved eenceagratlff}s of ead concentrations CIf toziø toxlc " r;aterf.a-ire ateriais " '|} Ae At the present lie'e, e?tc pr€eent times etse 3.aelc the lack of, of hye,,rngrephseel. hyrographical end and cS.fmetologicel cliatological dEee for data foe the th* estuary nd surrounding eeStrery s$.d eurrounats.ngare quantitative er€6l severely s&nerely litnita 3.iu!"to quentl"aatfve prediee$,on prediction of elf any any of of these the*e factora0 fseger:s" a ?flrf.3.e ile acodcls odeis ean can be escsbls.ehed established for for pred$.ee$"Gn polSutiEn concentratioE of pollution the prediction of eoacenfrsc$.or:*" dissolved dlesolved oxygen, oygen3 .end nd eeupcrstsrer teerature *f dnte prevenEs lack of data prevents their application t ith 5.rr*?s *he{r app3.:ieetlcs f.th a reseocebte degree of reasonable degree of aceurtcy" accuracy ,,' t,_..,",: j' $treweverustlch med€$.s{1o Eerv€ to deftne *he f,setof,s ehat eseat af.gn{.fteont il ',1 *.af'.uenea" l' :'v A rrei:hod f,er detesm*eetf.en o€ ghe &v'erage soneentf,eeJ.sn of a polluean : t t :i.rl*soduead {ota a werc*eel3.y ud,r"*d escaaeSrhaa been deveSoped by $, $Ssoqsl,, r {26} end epp$Eed Co Yaquina ffetuary by ?f"V" surt e,lrd LoDn ffarrncge (3}o T%'eeoeryuBedpo!'!'utfoxef.gbgeedonoa1,i'ahyandgslrer€l.owdgeataka ru { ' u 1- &uguufl 3.955 aad Februarg &95S" ?he Awgu.*;Cdste lE aaersad ee be g eateteel L L perfod af tad,g?rteryeraturee end 3.swrivea f&ewe" sreee ar€ the only ', ',. l,o fLow available0 cvatleb!.e" of salinity aad river rtver flow simultaneous of mesEuraetenea aallntty and 6{,muLraneousmeasurements o It ls It is thet year questlonsble if fi.sw conditions eondfttons for for that 10$ flow ttrey indicate C.ndlcEte average aresage low questionable year if they yeae" prolonged hot aad dry hot and dry year, or for Ia vesy or for very prolonged based on However, Sow€ver, calculations calcuX.er{ons based thfs dere tndlcatloo of the relatdon this date gf.ve give an indication of the relation end and magnitude magnitude of, of pollutlon pollution o during the the critical crftleal season0 isaaoo. dlepoaal locations loeatlone during reeulttng frenr different d{fferent disposal resulting from by a conputer deeermlned by a computer here$,a were determined reported heroin Waste concentrations !ilae8a eoneentr&tf.oss reported (Figure 3) 3} lasger (Figure ere somewhat ssrctrhat larger method are Anewere obtained obteined by this th{e oethod snethod" Answers method0 o (35}. (5}, using using Stromsel's StrsnEsel.lsmethod by Burt tsurt and than those obta{ned by snd Marriage l"larr{age (5), rbose obtained rythod (35) (a)" due to ts en !.n SBromelNa ie due The discrepancy an arrotr error in Strosmel's equaclon equation 7 (a)0 the dlserepsncy is thls In In this the outfalt flux irich equation, the rate of of change change of of pollutant pollutant flux with df.stance distance at at the outfall equaciolle the rate o sbou!.d be dr/a Lneteed of 4y'2a" tbto thet the the poS.l.utlon It emphasized that pollution coaeeneratioas concentrations eeLeulated calculated by by thiø It is i.e emphasLzed cethod are averages over a perlod of one dayo and rlo sttennpt le uade to o partod" thte period0 during this dua to ttde during eo tide show the time ttre variation var!.attcn due shosethe ReLativel,y large lerge Relatively variations be erpected expected at at tlEe the ouafal"l outfall end and near near tha the hesd head of of the the eoBuary estuary varLer$.otro conic! cou3.d be dal.!.y river flms. to daily rtver flow0 !.e small s@sll compared where voX.rre is empared to where the ti,ds!. volume the tidal o (Flgure S) th!.g report {n thta report were eleo Dissolved 4) glven given in also cal.cula8ed calculated deta (Figure FLaaotned oxygen oxygea data by a e computer cmpucer application0 app!.icatfon, the thts enalyrle The theory of this analysis and operatton operation of, of the theoty of 13le of this raporE. th{.e report, prograe ehe Appendix Aposd!.x of program are are g{ven given f.n n Section Secef.onII II and end the o ghown arc be co-nsldered per!.od of only be of a day and can only shown cánsidered over the Ehe period averegea over ere averages faetorg of the tAe factors date for for nany of supporting as many of the lack eupportlng data due to 8o the lack of ss approximate appaoxiuate due photoslrntheats, part{eularty algal alga3. photosynthesis0 involved, f.nnro!.ved,particularly o Reaul.ta Results calculatlons the calculations Assumptions for the Aseu&pBlons for B" glven in are given fe Table Tab!"e B0 ere Al.ternate ,i!_ Dleposatr FYjji.i 1,1 Methods oi Wacer elteraete by vartorrs h,e accomplished accompltrshed by Waste disposal may be various alternate the estuary estuary eqy d.nto the Waete d*speeal. into o methods. methods, used' method used0 the nethod The degree of of poS.lutlon pollution resultS"ng resulting w{11 viii very vary wtth with the t{1e thesa are: ere: These eataary" pottlts in rhe estuary0 !n the Dilution b;r outfall at various varl.oua points outf,stt at D{Lr.ltl.on by 1." i o the estuary0 eetu&t7" by dilution tu the d{.lutton in follorsed by wsr{ous methods rethodc followed 2" Treatmeat by various 2 Treatment -3* o rfver flows 3, with disposal high river dlopoesl at flowe" 3,, Storage during durlng low rtver flows fLowa wtth ae hlgh tow river 4, 4" Low 3s!r flow flow augmentation0 augwnts,tlon" o Other which elfminate waste Otber alternatives al.ternsglves whlch el{.m{nata or or considerably coseld€rably reduce lraste the estuary arel concentrations eo$centratl.ons in {.n the estusry are: gasces on Stsposal of of wastes on land0 lsndo 5 5" Disposal o the ocean0 6.,9i.epoael Disposal by by pXpel,{.ae pipeline of of all all wsaLea wastes to 6" to the ocean" 7 f, the ocean and dtapooal, Disposal by barge of of seroag strong waste$ wastes to disposal of of Dlapo*al to the wastee in weak weok wastes ln the the estuary0 estualTf" o (actf,vsted oludgelo In this report, only only alBernetl.ves alternattves lF l, 2 (activated sludge), 6, 6, and 7 In thie report, are considered0 csnefdered" io o o I lo o o o N fi trl Fj Fl sii $i pl $. ffi s F w & m Fi H & ffi p ffi F b & F }.*an F** Lea FL :i*1: F \r \fl er B ffi R F h $ $ L f Ff. 6' * * Yaqa3.lie $e?lt6-rg wtr. s**ii*;?.s uz-j s{t'i: Yqu:ra *u*f*13 p c.faI1 pc* e i1* i + i : s i t J r . t * [ e l , H g g h, $ ffi x g F F *' * & *p ** F: F F *!: F' *l st#ut* ; po:hai anc kyp*&heaA*.s}" *::d -)- o l. O6 r a.ld +to IE-t .$ |N Fa coat z 1O3 20 O\ 0\ tt) |'l oo aa x ooo €rcto () \OON oaa cto$ !g .-l 64 5 o r' rr.tt O tr oEtt o &qr to o E BF. {r>OO cflFrF{ O*rr.l l.OOf, E{ qll*t d t o O +rF{ O F-t &rClO o o.rH 0 g0 d o. E 3 F. 6B -BaO| tg Fl @ Fa O l, < r, o o !t 6 '. rO tr rr OE 6E O 6C'u o6E AU, €Fi tt ul Ao s o El 0 0qt g O O Cl tdO ll so u 00 trO O "!{ 0 r , !!! 6!! Elt oo "i initial 227,000 tt.-{ { o Barging strong wastes to ocean I Ff c, X activated sludge Grassy Point & aquina .!'. L tr36 tr 6 a l'€ \o 7 'i t c h:' o E oct U q00r.| gd 2A hrFl SOFr Jl Treatment by a€ It o F{ o lr a il (h d :; d 2 E o rH co Fr o\ a o ff l, g 1. o tt o o rH ! q{ a tr o 'd et, 2 ld rl +l a Toledo dilution Fr tr {|o orl o {'r ^, b0 l Disposal by 'r r, a rl O trr r-| Cn !f +l l, .rl Principal sources of information (9l9) t\|(\| Fl * Amortization costs based on formula: €\t F{ --- .ql c\| 14,200 olnl Fl lJ c .r{ O Sl ACI .r{ 25,000 19,800 oo ocrl t\ (rl 90,000 245O0 OO ca In $l b0 Same as 6* plus odor and scum control $ g\ t{ |'.l |\| 63,600 24,000 lr. oo anG to Newport ocean fallout e {'t roo ,r -- 3,000 zatton* o o (' cloo ooI 10 c) a All wastes lnt\ ooo Pumping loa 0c) t{ Amorti- Alternative ____. hChFa ()CI +-l 6 Fl rc\o to.\o {F <l c-{ 6rr 38,400 15,000 o- Fi6 lll i{l ala followed by dilution at Toledo 1.6 --- o o., Ol di lI o o +ll qfl trl t''l ol $ltrN 17,600 250,600 foo r ('o Fl ?lt tlD o cr('o eo<) 131,000 cl o a{ ol l}. lt \O \0 13,200 ol+r o €lqtrJ \_lL Fl lOYl OIC,G &rlo = --- O Fl <-l ' r * rag rro .tl . 8ts3 241,200 lad cl t O o Fl+' ol. d O .o A Ot O}.O f, &00 |' Al. a o< !4 S g !0 e! O trd u lE 3O t, 2,000 F{lrl cltr. a ?i rt| o oo N 1,000 v Operation & Maintenance ott od AC !t sl & € F. tcl t.a o()lo Flt 3, .tr s +, o Power t Annual Costa (dollars) I ,At old o o A' ilc H F.lO 6 Fl A qt O OE aaru od .€EO rralaJ X }| oE 139,500 Fl l\oN 107,400 O .c)c> ro() 399,200 O o 6 \O gs t L O E o H€3 f,g (r{ro 66,600 6,000 d lJ 4 - rrF4 od Ir{ o Ad t F Or4 UA # .r{ t O Orr tt F € a OFI -''r C .r{ c)& Total Table 1 $\o !t _o F.l > sE lr{O ugrJ ol dl cocE .ol cl h c, 6l hlr{ O F i -O F . t ! O rlo ${$C, Fl C O :' a ! o o od f.i.' !! I Fl-g F|'orr| E-|tr o Et|o orr ar4 .d .., 3 .trF{ |'Fl O O o Or, Fl }{o 00 F{ ,A c U ,lrg El ! h6 D o a e *r.;tr, t! tt t't s. o o CF{ OFI c)tr o FIO OFI o Ct C, ql|{ S. O0 I A6 Ed o ApprozIaate1y 2000 lb/day BOD would Fl S Elt €t O o$ +t, r! be discharged to the estuary o ho0 O o ct +r h E! OOO ir A lrvl h o o3J 003 trFr 'r Fl t aoa .cO t o.o +J .\1 . O l. O t r q{Fl E U t ocean oo ! u(, € 60 ltl & {rtl c McLean Point a El ol --- Alternatives (For disposal. of wastes from a 600-ton per day Kraft pulp and paper mill located at Toledo, Oregon) $* 6(,1 $ra )49 Fl d{t g .L' l.t O gl ., 60 td t,l, o! tla O r.{ O 'r |l l0 t€ , E Ftl!\5 Ft Costs greater than for piping wastes to Coimnents *, Gtl kd Probable slight odor and scum nuisance at ra{ fu o Fl >i.O d ql A. E !q'l' r l'l a +{ I orn ialO o$ hl ct t G ot rr e oO OrE {, o o E 6 I .Fa Newport0 D'e 000 tror Ei.g l| O rl }|k rto !!€ tr o o cro I- Fl t r, coo ct oo A6 € +rC t,!t &r o cri *ldl o € o'tr ll O surf nuisance at Newport0 c *Q .rl Cost is much greater than for piping wastes to Newport Pollution is only 85-90Z e1iiinated0 o f, pollution is greater at all affected sections0 Cost is comparable to that of McLean Point, but t, 9o !o Similar to first system actually constructed which resulted in an objectionable odor and o o c, o o (, a o rr{ a rr{ o o o q, h u o |! +, FI tl +l rl c gl h a € * t o H .d '- O{ i il $. € $ {,, '*4 1*d €: $:; &l s !f s 11 'rti ; & !pfe::*f;L l.'n Li ,*i $ *-) *,, F *YB A& ff;3* ..t 46 * ;p. 3'"* & &, ru e,t :ej io 16 $i f{ 18 f.:: Ri- 19 .'. :* F"€ $."{*! lE q3 c* ,Jt iS {P !.* t 3 .*1 .&l {} Fc 4,1 "r.t +3 {: ** A r*} Fq {iJ {..i ai; * '*. tr >5 .'*.! '& i*s ff-, v Rl {} sd 20 xf * 15 k1 d') $ $, r* 14 $r & w; *pa{CIi t s 6 r ?tl3*TC +s fi 11 **-*.raa* 12 13 tr 10 {} j J'*t -Fs*.- *:1 9 ?$lil 8 A> w tr Section of Estuary 1e efl;ft3* Tp {€ 4) *d) l- lr'! ti: r€ <3 S4 e e'l*>eqr-} € r-St".{ .'{ ,,rr *.{ {} fi"$ 's {L s 6 WF ' F.r sud discharje of 7 {r{ * @g +, rd:) p Fi * F. b. €3-* & rfj lf} r* "I} s,u tf) 4 6 F: 2.3 F ? r . ! T C du * * : i H {i ? s s s - x € q l sT p Sl ht *ir. a! $. t\ ti: to aiT' i2 ri 14 20 *i $, ?,1 3ir 22 tg tr, ( F n, ..:l fx,,:r€3q {:#I; ,,.at' i t';: r.t irl| d! qsd "r.t . tr so lt& I ..c oBt +J.. -C t4 +, s$ E€{ e. X rS -:' .F ,c t{*s F{ . , {l}i# .r S, +! g5 -€g ,oE ' , : ' , 9 {3J3o Ll qf '**"*-A 5* e{ s ,tst {* t14 \ *--rts t \\ \\ {8 s \.\ \\ \ \ \\ \- {, {{t Gci 5{ {tt \ \"- -\ \- \ *" . \, !e til € ?b ,,1f-C ,&{. 1t6,** tl & &'*S {#W f,i rr* l+ \ >- u(} 0 ry r+ (} Au "!$CI t: ls i| | O C.t5 gltr!+8 s .-{ * ;t ir I"{ +t C rb qi.r *i {F $ {$ € cr3 {p{} L./ l.t **{ I ' r*{ {} r"* '*r j qf {1* *ta t .l'1 "* *u*€*sa d.* #?$eFlir .i?r :q ?ir *lr e * * 21 20 19 17 15 / / 14 / / \I m \\ \ \o{ -t4 \ { \. ./: t/# .todl \ \ ta.{k 9 v +J \ o \ * .Fi *{J uJ 9,. \ 8 r4 0qr 6 7 i* 2 /, / 0 / .3 4 5 . xuTod uBa'!3w- -1r e6reqcsXp 1 2 f,.4 1 3 6 '4 {.* r"ttJd "']'fr 0 nt r1 0 uees* r3s*t\ > i r'-r ,/ "/E l:':g"fi::i3 Sect1on of Estuary 12 - \r' 14 o cPaIcI 1e a8renl3tTp I L IAssumed E:;; S* FH cf 13 4; 11 EItS ! E*q t.ft 10 3 / 8f;9 $st 1 . . C C t ++,r .G{l _tJliF F" \\ N €r t't \ / (assumed discharge of 50 lb. UBOD per ton of production per day ) g .! l.l !l *t / c .F{ ..r 18 \ C / C +.1 G ' : . o u \Ot -. .. \ / ()> o|c = s C C t!{t / o Frd f\i 7 +r r*,t 3 $.O c €I.f * D.O,. Saturation .c > 600 Ton per day Kraft Mill and IOcean Upwelltng "t Fl ,,1 hE ' o . +@t GBt with I Dissolved Oxygen Sag Curve Eigure4 Fl 'q* r r8AT8 UI 4c a PART PARTII TT o Computer Waste SolueLos for for Calculating Calculatlag lfaste Coryuter Solution Cooeestratlons and ln Estuaries EsEuar!.es Concentrations Dtaeolved Oxygen end Dissolved @ygea in Purpoae The purpose purpose of of this section 1e is to present setbods methods whtch which wltr!, will ald aid in Ttre to preseat tn tbls eectfon o the more rapLd rapid catrcul,atlon calculation of of eeturerl.al. eaturarial saate waste conceatrattons concentrations and reEult{ag resulting the uore tha uore dissolved oxygen and give give e a cleErer clearer underatanding understanding of of the more ftsportant important d{,oeolved o factors affeettng affecting weste waste dispooal. disposal {n in eotuar{ee" estuaries f,actore Sum?rg A finite difference change in waste concentration, A d{.ffereuce equation for the to waate consentratl,on, flnite the ehauge equattoo for o gat{raty. with elements of of a sectionally hmgeneoua estuary0 rr{th time, t{mo is ta written wrltten for. for eLwnta secttonally homogeneous (35) (35) Waste slaete addition, end advection advectlon are are eddfti.ou, decay, dlf'fuefon and deeay, longitudinal Longlrud{.nal diffusion considered0 eonel.dered. a perforred on an d$ieal Calculations computer Galculettons are en IBM IB!,t 1620 1620 digital co{sputer are performed poatetoae of with wtth 40,000 40u000 positions of storage0 atoa&ge, Equations ell elements eoLvcd Equ&ti.ona for for all elemenea are solved (J *+ 1) simultaneously waste concentration l.) from froln input or calculated for weete lnput or calcutated ef.ur!"taneoual,y for at day (3 coneenLratl.oa at (J). data for day (J) f,or day o proceae is The until an equll.{brltu equilibrium condition cmdlttpn Src process ls continued cont!.nued untll for all is reached for Ls elt sections sect{ons" Climatological, hydrographical, and waste 6nd v€tte CltnatologLcat.r, bydrograpblcel, to reach reach this thts condition0 coadltl,on" factors are are assumed factors aaaunsd constant eonstaot long long enough eaough to ResuIta Rsgul,tc polnt in at, one Ln condltl.ons at onc point are therefore do not thercfore an average and and.do not indicate i.ndlcate conditions are o time0 ttne" for a similar BOD calculated in manner eerve ss input f.oput for BODdata aernre as thte nanner data calculated ln this ct'ullar concenLtratlous" oqfgen concentrations0 dlesolved oxygen equation wtrl.ch which solves eoXvea for f,or average avarage dissolved equattoe o Theory of ldagte Waste Conceatratton Concentration Celguletlgae*ig9$) Calculations 1i0D) Itreorv of ttdEl osclll.atlng due to to an oscillating The movement of wacte in tidal Ls due La an aa estuary estilery is ltre uovement of a weate eurrent I eupertopoeed upon a seelrerd r*ver and the dat!.y r*ver flow, l,fhen tlre estuaE-y trl narrow flcnr ls slnall eompared to the cldal prien" la uoually ryell nlsed and carr be coueLdered ae secttonal.ly (mgl.tglble o tertlcal snd lateral ealla{,ty gradleut) the eetuarT houogeneous (22, 23" 24, tr}" o -1t)- For such ttling, c,oncentr&tl.on of of aa nones nonaettling, euch an en estuary, the concentration eaEuaryn change chaageinln the. o nonvolatile waate waste whteb which is completely o{aetbl.e miscible wl.th with estuar? estuary water water can bc be nourolatf.Xe l"e empl,etel.y expressed in erpreeeed Eerne of of the the following followlng four four factors: faetorel ta terms (ae from Addf.clon (as 1 Addition L. frsn aa source aoutrceof of waste)0 waete)" o 2 2, Decay0 Decay" advect,ion. 3 3. Longitudinal Iougitud{nal advection, Iongltudl.nal turbulent df.fftrsf.on" 4 4; Longitudinal turbutent diffusion0 o Concentration change due waste addltlon addition is as simple CoBcetrtratton chcnge due to to lfeaee trB treated created ae elryLe dilution, d{lutfon" Decay is be aa first dependent on the Decay aaumed to Ls aeeuseed tc be flrst order order reaction Eeectl.oa dependent on the -KtGowhere preseng or: concentration €oncentrstlon of naste present K, is decay of the the waste orr $ s -KC, where K1 le the the decay r ilt o conatant of the the waste0 constant of waEte, Adyectton of a waete le lta movsent wl.tb the flow of nater, eeaee rlver o gero), flors. (Average net tldal Ihua for the estuer?! fl(a) fl,rs of I waate of soncentratloa in thls florv ovef the perlod of a day eqnsle * CQc vrtrere fr(a) La the advrct{ve C toroErda the ocean aud the Q equaLs thc river rlver flow0 fl.orv" o poorly understood0 Srrbulent underetood. Turbulent diffusion dlffueton in Ls poorly fn estuaries eEfuarLee is It related It is ls related to eddies and fluctuations water velocttlee, velocities, buL but for purposes of of eaguary estuary for purposee 8o eddf,es fluetuaB{ons in ln water quanclty an pol!.uelon, it pollution, measurable quantity been related to a knovn knowsror lt has hae not uot been related to or Eeaaurable on o a tbeoretlcotly dlffueios, aound beels" t.t hae boeu Breated wletr sore suceesg (L6), as to solecul.ar dLffuaLon or heat flow, o of the prevloue pork on sstuarlel In met bel,ng et'ntlar that La: h(d) * A& (#) rfiere, Fl(d) o s flux of waste {n x dfrectloo Dr a coeffie{.en8 of turbulent due to dLffustoa dd.ffuafvlty C * $tste waste concentration C concentretton A A a cross aree of of estuary estuary crsec sectional aectlonel area iu the x dl,rectton o -i The saechan!.emof turbuleat o 4F eddy dtffual,on hac becn psrtlslly by Prltcbard (32) alrd treeeed theoreetcall,y of, turbulent d{ffrec{vfty, by Orlob (27r" enrrial.oncd tlre coefflclent aa used ln thla P8P€fr caa be dst€laLEed by maaurl,ng the d!,strtbutl.on of lcnwn volume of a coaEarnattvs tracer o (35r 28r 290 5)" of svubolg-(tP9Dl tieF ofSbo1BOD1 ultimate blologlcal biological onygeo oxygen demand demand or or tnastc waste coEr@ntratlon, concentration, ppa ppm IIBOD UBOD e ultlmete dtffualvl.ty, oq ft/day ft/day eq DtrF e turbulent turbutent eddy eddy diffusivity, DIP o ft/dey river flow, fl.ow, cu ft/day FIOW FLOW s rlver RLIS RLTI1 e reach ft length, ft reach length, ppm/day decay constant, cotratant, ppm/day RA1KI B waste decay RATKI o ft aq ft Eree of cross sectional of estusutr estuary, eq AREI e croa6 cectl.onal area r n 65 (10 (-g--) (lb/day) addltdoa" (lb/day) Si,L e waste lraete addition, POLL '62.5') 62 5 ppu waste eoncenqratl.on, concentration, ppm RCfiCDs initial lnt8ial sagte RCHCD o progr@r ppm througbout program, he!.d constant coaataae throughout 1., held $ect!.oe 1, !,n Section w&ste concentration eoneentrEtl.on in PP6 ENDI e waste ENDI END2]. 8ND2l. F prograae ppm througbout program, congtant throughout waste ?tr,nheld held constant Seetloa 21, 1n Section concentration in traate concentration PP8 (average gradlent (average concentratlon gradient The waste concentration that the tlxe leaate fire approach assumes assrses that . o ltne' etral.ght line0 approlr{.rnstecaa straight conditions) seeel.ons approximates betrees any any two ttm sections cond!,tlons) between If the the If caee, the the be n€tr ln r&leh not be estuary very long, might not met, in which case, thls condition coadf.tlon n{ght ts very long, this estuary is altered by dividing the the estuery estuary lu8o into aa eufftclent sufficient by dtvtd{,ng program sould be altered to be would have to o dtffuElon and diffusion edrrectl.on end the eddLt!,on, addition, decay, deeayoadvection Gonoldertng the number of sections0 ngnber of eeeti,one" Considering seetloa, in La each eech section, day are waste concentration concentretton per day ln waste the folloirl.ng following ehanges changes in the due to: to3 locgLtudtnal) (turbulent, longitudinal) Dlffugr.on (turbulent, l Diffusion 1" prr(sl) DIF(N + 1) 1) ++DIF(N) .pxF(NJ 2RLTh nBop(N) - nBop(N-_t) RI.IU DIP(N -.- 1) D3r(Nr+f,.pgl(N +-D UBOD(N + ]- :-g!gp(Nl UBOD(N) - DIP(N) usoo(t{ Rtnt RLTh 2RLTII zRl.lg l. - : iz -T* (longi.tudtnsl) 2, 44vgg!1on 2, Advection (longitudinal) o f I rr$r(N) FL(W(N) Il IUBOD N + UBOD N - 1 L(Th) () (J !@rTnn 2 rLoE (N FLOW N I ,J (runl) (aREA N (RLTR) (ARS)) ((N)J IUBOD(N) + UBOD(N + 1 L2 3 . Decay Decav. 3 o r I I *oor*r] nnrxr0" UBOD(N)j l- RATKI !I: Addltlon 4 "Addition o [ ,orr I [POLL] L(1(mA)J itnt.m)Gmtj (uBoD) Metho4 (UBOB) Method 2 sectl.onE vhlch lnto nLneteea The estuax? estuary is nineteen sections which are are nunbered numbered 2 tB divided dlvtded into ttre o the ocean and river 2i., are are the The numbered land river Land 21, Ttre end sections, aectl.oneo nr.mbered 20. through 2O through (above tide condltlonc respectively0 respectf.vely. rlde water) (above water) conditions poaitive waste weste Aeslre aa positive Assume of totterde the (tncreastng lraate the head concentration waste concentration head of gradleut (increasing eoncentratlon towards concenttratlon gradient o the the estuary)0 eotuary). (ppn)" concentratlon (ppm)0 waate concentration the waste Let equal the I€t UBOD ITBOD F{gure_l. Seetlon Section o o ((NN -- r1) ) Section Section Section Section ilNr! ((N N ++11) ) "N" i RUTR-4 4 RUT r4 ( RUTU rO 0 MiLee.uPatrean the element ls loodlfled for the If change in waste eonceptrati.on concentration for element is modified If the the cbaprge ln waate o (J): day (3) according waste eoneenfratLon concentration gradlent gradient at at day to the the waate accordlng to r "'l 1 ± (diffusioñ/ day *+ advectlon/dey advection/day *+ decay/day decay/day + IIBoD(N'J) lf1 + AUBOD(N) '" UBOD(N,J) {atrfuafon/dav AltBoD(N) eddltton/dsy t addition/day J L L o *i3- o (J) to llowever, the pollutsnt day frou day to day However, concentration tbe change chaoge in ln pollutant day (3) concentratLon from r o (J + preeeat in be present on the would be the section2 av€Edg€1 oneo!€la the sectlonn on the average, (3 + 1) 1) [3BOD(Iñ lunooCnif wouLd rf half half day0 day,- J DrrLig the During half day this would have been nodtfled modified by decay the half rhla change would perlod ITBOD(I{*J,+ * L) and and diffusion dlffuetiin .o that the the actual L} over the the period eo that aetual, change ehange in tn UBOD(N,3, o daywill wlll be: be: of or aa day [*ro6] EJBoD(N r- diffusion/day drrfueton/dev decay/dayl [ - -ar---rj f; - g.{gil J L 2 2 !0hen When expanded, boconeE: expanded" this tbf.e equation equat{.oo becomes: J r (1) Y(N) nBoD(N UBOD(N -- I, 1, J) 3) + + UnOn(N)* [Z(N) (1) I'BOD(N,J, UBOD(N,3, + + 1) nBOD(r{,J)++ Y(r{} 1) = TJBOD(N) lZ(r'r) UBOD(N,3.) L "iF o - R+qr+' rlr ' x(N)uBoD(w r' r) Y/ +--JE+-:i 2"0 AREA(N)(Rt11r)_i L* where, o Y(N) s o Ermple gf _Applleatlos (ttBOD) Applteatloo users0 uoerso o of thla progrm de preeented here es a gu{de for poaclble !aquina Yaqu{.ta Estuary, Esturry, Oregon, Oregonu is Bhe example exmple estuary eatuary since elnce data Le the (3). prevtoue uoth progrmta application necessary work (3) n€cesser? for for the the program's la available ava{lab3,e from f,ron previous eppllcatlon is (UBOD), Blochen!.cal Oxygen Orygen Demand Dennand In the example, 29,400 (UBOD), 291400 lbs of ultimate ultlnate Biochemical In the exmp!.e, lba of (Toledo) 1? (Toledo) with of 00 173/day, are are relEaeed released at at seetion section 12 wlth aa decay decay constant. conetent of 0.173/dsy, o each dey" eaeb day, See Table A for Sea for other eserepttono" other assumptions0 (aeermlng to reach Results indicate necessary to reach eguf!.lbrfrm equilibrium (assuming Reeults tbst the tlre time t{ne necessary tadl,cate that flow the low ttrsn the lolr flow te longer longer than waste is eosdl,ti,ons) is at low lon flow flors conditions) waEte ls introduced l,ntroduced at o perlod" period0 the one-hundredth one-hundredth However, is alweye reached by the Ls always Horrcver, a near-equilibrium nca:-equtllbrirn (eee Figure A). Flgure A)0 begi.ne (see day after after waste disposal dleposal begins dey Since the Slnce corcentratLon the concentration. yeat-round basis baatr wou!,d oe a year-round condition waste introduced would estuatTf on a$ estuary ,.atroduecd into i.nto an of t'sBfe condltloa of o o ehangeet flou continually river flow contlnually ar river be changes, behlnd equilibrium, be expected to lag lag behind equi.Llbriun, as expected to o *ia+- with (aee Section snd 3) 3) can be used w!,th Flguree 2 and Io Figures hundredth-day flgures (aee Sectloa I bnndredth-day figures o fl o o o o o o ;a) o negligible negllgtble error errotr. o * e:}- Determlnatlon of Determination Dlseolved Oxygen of Dissolved Orygen in getuarlee Estuaries at at Equlllbr&m Equilibrium 1n o Theory: ttleory: Fleny of the factors factors involved of the progr€m are dleeolved oxygen Many lmrolved in in the rhe dissolved oxygen program are the the those involved same as as e8 those progran" luvolved in the UBOD ttBODprogram0 ln the o Those whlch which were not Thoee nrrt are: are3 photosynthee!.e, atmospheric atmoapherLe reoxygenation, photosynthesis, reoxJrgenatton, bed bed load load and and sludge load. eludge load0 Amepherlc reoxygenatlon is Atmospheric reoxygenatton which is Ls treated treated as ee an oxygen o:(ygen source ooutrce whleh dcpendeat {,c dependent upon the the dissolved upon dl.saolved oxygen oxlrgen deficit deficf.t or: or: Iteoxygenation neoxygeaatlon a 1(D K2D o where where Ko s the the eoefftctent coefficient of of reoxygenation reoxygenat!.oa z D D oi. ,. s Dissolved Dlagolved oxygen oxygea deficit defte{t e DO DO saturation eaturat{on minue minus DO DO actual actual (productlon of Photosyntheele (production Photosynthesis of oxygen by algae) aLgae) is le also also treated treated as aB an ar orygea oxygen source0 rourceo (leaveso bark, Bedload (leaves, Bedload bark, weede, weeds, etc0) and sludge etc") end aludge load load (organlc depooi.ee) are (organic el.udge sludge deposits) are treated treeted as es oxygen oxygea sinka0 sf,nkgo o List Svnbola Llst of of_ Symbols (day-l) REOXY REoxYe coefficient coefflcleat of of reoxygenation reoxygenatlon (day'') PIlOT PIIOT o a algal photoaynuheer.a (ppm/day) (ppaldey) algal photosynthesis BEDL BEDL e bedload bedtoed coefficient (ppn/dsy) coeffteienr (ppm/day) SLGL SI€f, e sludge load (ppn/aey) load coefficient coefflcf.enc (ppm/day) DOSATI saturation (pp) DOSAT astuaaelon value valtre of of dissolved d{agol,ved oxygen onygen (ppm) o RCD RCD a Lnlrlal (ppu) initial dlasolved dissolved oxygen oxygen (ppm) Other progru. fectore are as defined deflned in UBODprogram0 Other factors Ln the the UBOD o o o o -36- S o RCBCD a (, S 0 0 a z &r ENDI 3-{ EI EI t (\l RLTR S o ---+ - 0 e z H Hd d$ 6O8O2 S o END 21 EI €l €) F. (\l \ a g Table A 1. Assumptions Initial and End Conditions sl o a ig o o g ,20z100 o . o o nfi o o o o o o o F-{l o o 5O1O o - F{N\OGl()Ot\Flr-tq}t,\!n$e\!(\|Flr-{ iF 6Dl'1r$(ll(yt(llFlr-lFa 2,310 i8*10 1,4io ,9510 o o 56l0 5910 4l10 28lO o Fl 83x1O' fr € 2005z103 1709x103 1305x103 ll03xlO HI (Vt cft F) tr ai ft 3r,t srf et art d,! rt 3fi ttl trt l'f 6't o o ( ) o o ( >o o o ( ' o o e e o o ( ' c ) 0 c r o o t { x x x x x 9 {r n (N x x sxF trxo oxr xFtr !@ 6 axoE x x oN * h o€tft ct rn ur rn o /REA Table A S o rn {tl t! 3OOzl03 :t . F! * iOxlO5 3105x103 5205x103 4605xlO3 3200z103 .rl t, qo\ff.lN o c o o o o 6.1 o () O € O O O () () OO O F{ vq " i/ i \ o o .d & *Eat1ated to simulate end conditions H 173 S o () e O O O OO<) t c 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 6FI o tr{ 0 0 o OO RATKI 0 0 Ff 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 POLL Fl Fl &, .rl € F{ Fl F{ r-a Fl d Fl Fl .* f\ F{ r-l t-l tl F C' @ r-{ Fa Fl F,l N X N D€X H X N H X X X (.|9{ l{ X X X X X (\lX F F 11 N \0 Ch N ct\ N O oooooooto6ooooooooooG $ \t o |n \o F{ arr d ('l.if O Gtt N 00 Fl 19 2x106 Fa 233z1O6 182x1O6 Fl 230 8*106 F,l 25,0*106 oooc)ooooooo(3ooooo000 G \o \o ro \o \o to ro l73xlO6 2O7xl06 250xlO6 l3 2x106 1400x106 16,4*106 21,7*106 ro € lo \o \D \0r0 lL9z1O6 \0\o 1502z106 16.6x106 11,9x106 1302x106 a 200 3x106 Fr H 54 7xlO 5407x106 DIP sl AI Data O ro \o r9 € O r() Fr t\ o rn 3'| tn e} € ch o rn !n €\l Fl Fl Fl Fa Fl Fl r.{ r{ N Fl (\| N N R| 6l Fl Fl o u € a o o l, qt r-l 289x106 PLOW S a ) E rg ^l E (t s 6 o It @ i\l t o +, d o u, o OO ( 5 6 7 8 9 4 r{ N !QS rn \O F (} r.{ (\ el{ Ur rO t\€ O\ O d Fa Fl Fl F{ r-a r"4 Fl Fl F{ Fl N C! 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 CI 1 +, 5&l 2 3 Section S a tr o Bl o s i:, {} 1 r"t :;. ,:'!a'.* -r,i .* r' l:a' :. i:.rt :j ,.t tti' 'a ' 90 :, ;_. 1.t'.' . ts ;:l ::.:: * t\ Section 10 sr F* s .d i! 60 'r"{ €' {9 # ld \&, & 40 (days) r* p\ J. Tjmc 11 30 rf'{ e4 G I g F g*E -rr F* f{ S H cf c# i *ird*t O :"_ th"F. .!"{Ii*JpUg S.fdC t i r 8flEf; (J.S 10 t rd / // // F \obd is 20 0 / _*-,r,+t*%.,*- 'ø. F - 4 r-.? 3 C9{+t $ OFi€i qr{ *l 20 oF, o Method: Method: fornulatlng and formulating eacilons and Lneo sections The method of estuary into the eatuar? dlvldlng the Ttre nethod of dividing I o the that of of the to that ls similar el.mllar to the estuary for the a finite equation for estuary is dlfference eguatlon flnlte difference progrm, UBOD IIBODprogram. aa e:rplalued ls al.noeC Operation program is almost exactly exactly as ezplaited fhe progras Operation of of the IIBODflow chart. in the ln the UBOD flow chart, o to exceed e:ceeed;leturatlon allormd to DO values are not allowed saturation ere oot DO values zeroo b€c@e less Lees than then zero. values or become valuee Lnto read into IIBODprogr@r wlth the tbe !JBOD Ultimate BOD program, are are read Ulttmate BODdata dsta calculated e*lculeted with the computer wi.tb.other with other data, data, mireh much of of shteh which ia is also also lnput input for for the the UEOD UBOD the cmputer o I (See Appendlxo paogrs!!. Data) lupuc Data) program. (See Appendix, Input 1n dissolved dlsaolved charge in for the the charge fomo for The dlfferenee form, flnlte difference Ttre equation, Ln finite equatton, in oxygea ial oxygen is: o I 1, 3)('f(N)) r)(Y(N)) + 3)(X(N)) + Do(N++ 1, J)(x(N)) ++ DO(N Do(N, flO(N, J) 3) + + [DO(N DO(N, 3 1) . Do(Nr J ++ 1) [Do(No b RAgrr(N)++ [IBOD(N) . RATXI(N) DosAT(N) -- UBOD(N) + RPOYK(N) RPOIK(II) . DOSAT(N) J)(z(N)) + DO(N - 1, 1, J)(Z(N)) DO(N +fl + DIF(N.+ 1! +f 2DIF(N) - DIF(N ! DrAor(N)-- BEDL(N) BEDL(N)- slrt(N)l DIAOT(N) SLGL(N)1 [1 l't (RLTII)Z 4 " r ! sD .J 4. o DIP(N - 1) 2j "ry*] RPDXK(N) i I o rftere: where: X(N) e RBoxY(N) x(N) REOXY(N) - DIF(N + 1) + 2DIF(N) + DIF(N - 1) 2 (RLTh)2 o rtQq(EL-+ DIF(N) FLOW(N) Y(N) E DIF(N Y(N) 1)-+ DIF(tq ."n - 2 " IlIr(N ++ 1) 2(RLijZ R L f f i . AARE(N) REA(N) 2 RLTR t(RtrH)z z(N) Z(N) a U a r L I o * DIP(N + DIF(N) D I F ( N )_ D ! r ( N-- , 1 1)) + - E I 0FLOW(N) IL(N), 2(RLTh)Z RLTR 2 .RL 2 1 3 . A 8ARKA(N) .EA(N) 2 (nr.m)z o Application AppLleatlon DLsaolved O:rygen Example of Dissolved Oxygen Calculatlon Calculation Exaple of o lte example eralnplc The estuet?" exanpLe estuary. ss the tha example Estuary is choeen as faquina Estuary Yaqulna Le again aga{n chosen IIEODexample. the UBOD exryle" ag the condLtl.one as waete and assumes and estuary estuary conditions the same eanp waste acrureE the one from one atobfl!.ty from ueed to perlods of 8o rnelntafn Computation maintain stability day are used of, 1/2 LlZ day Coaputacloa periods o S perlod to netto Ehe next. to the period (lO * 4,0) aecmedo La assumed0 4"0) is upne!.llng end end condition condl.tloo (DO An upwelling An glvee Table tabLe BB gives SIFL(N)" and SLGL(N)O BEDL(N), and P[{OT(N), BEDL(N), the values of DSAT(N), PHOT(N), of DOSAT(N), rhe assumed aseumd valuee o . zero the N These equations are are not not app3.{cable applicable when when the DO approrchee approaches zero theee equatlone gfnce the reduced, sralfatea are are reduced, and sulfates nttratee and since beco,rea anaerobic, anaerobtc, nitrates Ehe estuary eetuary becomes gr€atly reduced0 reduced" UBODdecay deeay rate ta greatly and the the UBOD rate is o S good, aaalyele is I'g good, The firc analysis zeroo above zero, polnts on are above DOsag the DO aag curve eurrre are however, oo the horever, if lf all all points The lhe example exryle general ($ectl.on 1, Flgure 3) 3) shows ahows the the general 1, Figure with 12 (Section secgton 12 weete addition addle!.on at at section w!.ttr waste S o o r S o o a o lndl.cates that the tlmt the uprel,l!,ng and indicates shape of the with oceaa ocean upwelling D0 sag the DO aag curve curve wlth ehape of at that thag section. sectton, the outfall outfall at 12 with wtth the DO will will drop to to zero Eec8{on 12 IF setro near neatr section Figure 8 r{ >€ @+t 10 {tr {S * r.r o c(1'| EO-r-t t{ Clr cg.kc l.t a, (F O GQ +t +r.g *{ l+4 $ +, (}qsat: Ci l**{ t €Mc tr ":'.t f; q * 5, * k '-'"-. . *, s 6, + rg s;: ... *! sl . .4 :. s*;*#q I |* {r6'*d$?$} *?5es*' ilf}?Tt?tir -g:::s{ *it ?*.3 *t I-' rr o END 21 - aL- 8.9 t{ s z &l =t &o \o UBOD 0.000 o Qo 6t €t| F{ rr €o @ o F{ Cn o o r\ N crl d Ns (3ari6ttoo rgN F an€O Ft.$ C\l{ttFl N \O F() \O6r| O O d Oft\Oea Cl e F. N g1 r{F{ F{tn6t 6 11 a fi 5 8.9 0 0 (J a 0 S o RCD !f SLGL E{ s s rntt| Fr o t3 o o rf, o\ gij BEDL z o H PilOT ASSUMPTIONS FOR DISSOLVED OXYGEN CALCULATIONS (DO) S EA o o o o o F{ c-'|S r\S ll oaoQo 6e dooooonooco. El I 0,132 0.282 0.561 1.127 2.178 4.158 7.580 13.201 21.139 11.040 5.320 2.637 1.332 0.622 0.261 0.072 0.004 S F o 4.0 N RLTR o -*--:) * 6080.2 ENDI E: K.e 0038 S o tsl 0.20 (t Gi 6Q atl ltl *.20x100 1.8x103 1.4x103 95x103 .'l 23x103 2.8x103 56x103 59z103 41z103 tt! att 6.1 6.! Fl 6t o o c ) 'I o o o ( } o ( ) oFl o oF{ ( 'Fa( ' oFlFl.{o.{o oFao (Fl' oFl s #$,xIt 5 ,xs t,x s,5# ##$,x t,x s # s g .Hs$ H 6,f;,X <C"'lcc t{ o Fl s d F{ e o o c o e iF r.a N \ O N O O FG'IFI€ ct !n + r ' i d F ; - r ; i - t H5 4o &o ?-l c o -' +.6 ' - rn in$N6| d c Fl Fl Fl t-l Fl . q(nlnC{ !dFl 0 o * t 18..2z106 19. 2x106 233x106 25.0z106 23.&d06 119z1O' oe Fl Fl r-a Fl o6oao6Ooo tf} Ft c' rn \s Fl.rt N d F{ Fl Fl Fl F{ Fl Fr (Ft € r-t F{ r+ Fl F{ r,l Fl Fl o qt<to o oo0oooaooo Fl \o F. F cl n fi Fl N t-l €rl N Fl td sl fi 3\| $l $l Fl F4 0.0 Fl rn 0o o (' Fr Fl, 28,9x105 rn o &l Or E g qf o 5&) Section o o 5u (o g 19 20 21 18 17 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 5 6 7 8 9 4 1 FrN e'|$ ln \o F aosr 5 I EJ 3 3 5 53 3 R S 2 3 (, o v, € c o o r, q! {.| a 4' 3\| .d t, ,l.l o E ! FLOW S o (} ooo srs& g sssss$ trg#6dts$s o Ft € {i o 13,2x106 11.9x]06 13.2x106 14,0z106 16,4z106 21,7x106 l7.3x106 20.7z106 25,0x106 54,7x106 54 7x106 20.3x106 15,2x106 l6,6xlO S o DIP r9 \ft \6} \o \o \o \o \o \o \o \o ro r0 re \c) \o \o \0 \9 co (} o o o o o (} ooo o a o tr{ .'{ € d o (, Ctl .\ * Estimated to simulate end conditions, S o v, v, 20.5z103 17.9z103 13. 51O 11,3x103 8 3x103 H |'1 fa ctf rrt gt 3tl (r! ftl fi 3OOxlO3 F| 32.0x103 l{ o Cf,. 465x103 u, a o s\\ 8.9 a h cf *1x1O5 F & o o 31.5x103 52.5x103 l'l t 0.113 o vt u DOSAT REOXY €!l H AREA "l 5 o .ol F{l RATKI S o Table B €rg ! lf, * o -'12* BIBLIO6?API{']T BIBLIOGRAPHY o tldal flushing. fl.uohfng" of tidal theozy of I. Aarons, Aarone, A. A. Bu B. A, A nlxlng mixing length 1. length theory Ao 6. 6o U. U" 32:419-421, 32:/*1,9-t421.1951. 1951. A. TransactLona Transactions fluahing 2. Aaronae 2. Aarons,, Ao A. Bo B. and and ll. H. Stosrqel. Stounnel,Mtxlng Mixing Length length theory theory of of t!.dal tidal flushing !.951" Unf.oa. 32:419-21, 3*419-21" 1951. Arerlean Geophysical American Geophyeieal Union. o of tidal tldal.w&8etr8. Orygen resources reSourcea of Ro T. T" Nyen, Myeuo Oxygen Barlov, 3. Jo P. and R, 30 waters. 3 " Barlow, 1961" tr{orka, 108:n2 68-71, 1961. $ewage Works. 108:n2 68-71. and Sewage Water and Bi.ohopo F. F" W. Accelerated 4." Bishop, Accelerated blologleal biological oxidatl.on oxidation of of kreft kraft ul1l mill effluento affluent. 4 IAPPX" 37:453-55 37:453-55. 1954. 1954" TAPPIO o S ln D" Merrf,age, Burt, !ilayne and Lowell lpsrell D. 5. Wayne V. V. and Marriage. Gomputatl.on Computation of of poLlutl.on pollution in 5" Burt, 29:1385-89" 1957. tdastes, 29:1385-89, 19t7" Sawageand end Industrial lnduetrl,al Wastes. Yaquina Estuary. Yaqu!.na Estuary. Sewage 6. 60 Burtu Burt, l,Iayne Wayne V. V. eod and tr{" W. Bruce Bruce McAl{.ster" NeAlister. Reeeut Recant studtes" studies {n in the the \ydrolggy hydrology of Oregon of Oregon estuaries, Research Research briefs briefs of Oregon Ftah Fish Coml.asl.on Conmissiou of Oregon eatuarlea. 1959" 1. July JuLy 1959. 7:No, 1. 7:No" o dtscherge of luduatr{al Ssmathoughts thoughts on discharge Chi,pparfi,eld, P. P, No 70 N, 3, of industrial J" Some 7" Chipperfield, No. 38:16660-66. Induetry No, 38:16660-66" and Industry Chera{etryand to tidal tldal. waters. watera, Chemistry effLuents effluents to L962" 1962. o quallficatloae" on water }!. A. A. Effect of storage etorage euipoundment eupounfunt on 8" Churchhill, Churchh{ll, N, Effeer of 8. water qualifications. 1957" SA1" February, February' 1957. ASGE83:No, 83:No, SAl, Proceedings Proceedlngg ASCE flrm, Cotwallla Eoglneerlng firm, 9. Cornell, Howlando Rowland, Hayee Hayes and Merryfield. Engineering Corvallis and llerryfiel.d" 9" Cornell, Oregon" Tol'edo' Oregon. Paclflc Company, Company,Toledo, Oregon. Files on onGeorgia Oregon. FlleE Georgle Pacific o lOo A. N. No The Dlachtohln, A, lbe !.0" Diachishin, Journal, Sanitary Journalu Sani.tary verlatl.ons" for cyclical cyelleal variations. aempler for of water weter samples analysis analyalg of paper Apr[l' 1956" ASCE Engineering Division. ASCE paper 930. April, 1956. 930' Dlvlafon" Englneerl.ng the temperature tcuPer?ture 11. Ganeeooe Gameson, A, H0 e!.e-_e!s et. a10 Effectg Effects of of heaeed heated dlecharges discharges on Ao I., Lo tlo 11. ?1 the 893-6. L95:1. 850-2' 893-6. 1957, 204:816-69, 850-2, of the Thames thamee estuary, eatuatry" 204:816-69, f the 12. Gmegon, Gameson, A" A, L. L, llo H. and M, N, J" 3. Barrett, Barrett. OxldsCtono Oxidation, reaeragl.onr reaeration, aad and 12o ctr€888t ln streams, Oxygen relationships the Ttrmes estuarya O:rygen relatl,onshl.pa in olxtng in Ln the mixing manes estuary, Centes,t Englneerl'ngCenter,, Robert A.Taft Taft Engineering technical report 1il58-2" W58-2 RobertA, techntcal report 63-89" Page63-89. Ohlo. March, Marcb, 1958. 1958. Page Cincinatti, Clnclnattf, Ohio, ln uarlne 13. Harpe, DonaXd Donald L" L. kgradatl.on Degradation of of kraft kraft paPer paper mLLl mill sagtes wastes in marine 13" Ilarpe, Eaglnaerlng, Clvll Engineering. Deparrent of of Civil Unlverefty, Department waters. uetetrc. Oregon Oregon State State University, Sponsored by Natlonal National Selenee Science Foundat{on. Foundation, Undergraduate Undergraduate Reseerch Research Sponaored Progrm. Nay, May, 1963, t963o Program. Discmssionon onoxtgen oxygenbelance balanceofofananeEtuary" estuary. Journel, Journal, llo S. S" Dlsc$esLon Co H, 14, Hull, C, 14, Hul!, Sanitary Engineering Dlvlston. SanLtary Engtneerlng Division, A$CE86, t'960" 85. 1960. ASCE t't& polluti.on investigation employtfrg"same inlreatlgaElonemploying 15. A, J" S. Eatuarine A" Eetuarlne pollution Kaplovsk5rn 15, Kaplovsky, glacktl 1957' 29zlM+2-53"1957 Waete.29:1042-53, slack" technique. Inductrlal Waste. Sewageand Industrial technlque" Sewage homgeneous estuary, eatuary' Dlffuelon in ln aasectionally eecttoael,lyhomogeneous 16. Keatu Richard, Rlchard" Diffusion 16" Kent, DLvl,aLon. Englnaert'ag Division. Sanl8ary Engineering Proceedings ASCE. Journal, Proeeedlnge ASCE, Journal, Sanitary 1960" 15-47. 1960. 86:No. SA2. SA2. pt, pt. 1. page 15-47. 86:No" 1. page o o a " /.J* of di.aperel.ou of ln the the dispersion 8o H. f,ydrographlc factors E, }lydrographic 17. Ketchum, B, factors lnvoLved involved in 17" Ketehum, Soclety pol,lutenfe tldal wstetrF, pollutants introduced waters. Jouraal, Journal, Boeton Boston Society Lnto tidal lntroduced into L950" 37t296-314" July, July, l950 EngLneerc" 37:296-314 of Ctv{l of Civil Engineers0 laducerlal and Industrial $enage and ttdel estuaries, €Btuarles. Sewage ll, the of tidal The flushing Ketchura, Bo f,lushlng of B. H. t18. 8" Ketchum, Waates. 23r198-208" 1951. Wastes. 23:198-208. 1951. 19. I.eiae, L*wø, Robert Robert L. L. And and Ollver Oliver B" B. Eufneto Burnes. Reeent Recent developocnta developments ln in thc the 19. procesg of treatneDt for rludge application of the activated sludge process for treatment of actlveeed appll.eatlon of 2 Caoada" of 61:pt" pulp and prpet $tagaztne pulp paper wastes. Paper Magazine of C*nada, 61:pt. 2 Paper trasEeso snd 1960. T507-T514"1960, T507-T5l4. of kreft cffluertso dLepoaal of Control and and disposal 20, Moggio, llo W, A. A, Control kraft ntll mill effluents. 20. Moggloo Marcho 1954. 1954" Procaedings No. 420. 420" March, Proeeedlngs ASCE separate No, ASCESeparate o o by tidal eov€menta" Proccsdlngrt poLlutlon by tldel movements., Nllea, T. 21. Dispersal of of pollution Proceedings, 21" Niles, T" 74. H. Dlapereal No. A9CE"83:Paper 8il:Paper No. Dlvle{onn ASCRO Journal, Sanltar1y Engineering Engi.neert4g Division, Journal, Sanitary October, 1957, 1.957. 1408" October, 1408. tests of 22, O'Connel., O1Connel, Ro R, Lo L, and G" C. Mo N. tJalter. Walter. tlydrauLle Hydraulic uodel, model tests of estuartal estuarial 22. Englaeertng SanltarT Engineering ASGE,Journal, JouroaL, Sanitary dl.spoeal. Proceedings Proceedlnga ASCE, waste vaste disposal. Jaaueryr 1963. 1963" 51-56" January, No" 3394. 3394. 51-56. Dlvlelon, 89:Papar No. Division. 89:Paper ln natural nstural atreems. atreanr" reaeratlon in of reasration Donald S. llecba*lsm of 23. O'Conner, Donald J, Mechanism 23" OrConner, 1958" 123:6/+1-666.1958. Traneactloae Transactions ASGE" ASCE. 123:641-666. o o 24. O'Conner, Donald 3. Orygen Oxygen balance of of an estust?" estuary. Proceedlnge Proceedings ASCET ASCE, Donald J. 24o OrConner, pt' 1l' 35-55. 35-55" SA3pt0 Journal, Sanitary Dlvlelono 86:No. 86:No" SA3 Sanltary Engineering Englneer{ng Division, Journalo Mayr 19600 Nay, 1960. of the essay eelay of for the 25. Howard T, T. Anal.yate Analysis of of dlurnal diurnal oxygen oxygen valuea values for Odunnnltoward 25" Odutn, poLluted marine baye. raar!'nebays. {.n polluted rearation rates and and metabolism netabol.lgm in rearetlon rates Dkporal Conference on on lfaste Proceedings First International Waste Disposal InternaElonal, Conference Proeeed{nga of of Flrgt 1959" 547-55*'" }lerlne Envlronmeut" in the the Marine Environment. 547-554. 1959, ln productf,on fuf lnflorlng 26. Pr{nat? production lowing waters" waters. Llnnology Limnology and and Odru, H. no T. To Primary 26" Odum, 1.956, Oceenography"1:102-117. Oceanography. 1;102-117. 1956. o Procecdlnge, turbulence" Proceedings, hom0geneousturbulence, Eddy diffusion dfffusl.on in ln homogeneous 27. Orlob, Orlob, Go G. T, To Eddy 27" 1959" SePtcnber! 1959. 9 75-101." ASCE. 85:HY Journal, Hydraulics Division ASCE, 85:HY 9 75-101., September, Journal, HydraulteE Dlvislon of annlyefu of 28. Pearson, A, Trocer Tracer mthodology methodology and and pollutlon pollution analysis Eatuan A. 28. Peareoon Earinan on Conferenge Internetlonal Flrs8 International Conference on estuaries, of First Proceedlngc of esEuarleo" Proceedings 1959' 547-554" EnvlrorrnenE' 547-5540 1959. Marlne Environment. Waste the Marine llaets Disposal Dlepoaal in ln the o of pollutlonal analyalr of and pollutional studiec and 29. A, Tracer analysis Tracar studies Eatnan Ao Pearoon, Earman 29. Pearson, hrbll.ceCton Boerdo Publication Pollutlon Board, trlater Pollution estuaries, StateWater Caltfornls State ertuarles. California 1961" 2 3 : 1 3 9 "1961. 23:139. o pa,tterns. Proceedings Proceedlngo Prttcbard, Donald Donald W. W" Eetuarlns 30. Eatuarine cLrculatton circulation patterns. 30" Pritchard, Eugl.neera. 81:Separate 8|.:Separate Ctvll Engineers Separate, Society of of Civil Saparate, American Arerlean Soclaty No. 717. No, 71,7.19550 1955. ln advances in Prltchcrd, 31. Donald trf. W, Estuarine hydrography. Recent Recent advances 31, Pritchard, Eatuarlne hydrography, geophyslco. 1;243-280" Yotk" 1952, 1952' Precs Inc., Inco, New NewYork. geophysics, 1:243-280. Acadeotc Mademic Press o o *;iiir* 32. in W. The n!,xlag of of contaminants contulnantc ln Prlrchard, Donald Donatd W. mvemeat and end mixing Ttra movement 32. Pritchard, Firet GonferencQ tidal estuarl.es" estuaries. Proceedlngr Proceedings of of First Interna8lonal International Conference ttdal Estvtroretrt" 512-524 512-52/*. 1959. 1959, on Wasee Waste Disposal Marine Environment. Dlapoaal in !.n the the lilarlne o ltgbt 33. Ryttres, Rythes, John John B. H. Ptrotosynthecle Photosynthesis in ocean as a junction of light ln the the ocesn 33. Junctloa of 61-7O" 1956. intensity0 LLrototogy Limnology and and Oceanography0 Oceaaography" 1:nl l,:nl 61-70. 1956" lntenol.ty" 34. construction of of $feot West VtrgtnLefs Virginia's $?10001000 $2,000,000 waste waste trcctrilott treaeent Start conetruceLon 34. Start plant" Paper 28 10-11. plant. Paper Trade Trade Journal.138:No. L0-L1. 1954. t954. Journelo138lNo, 28 o o o L.4 o o o o Sa 350 Henry. Gowputetlon Computation of of poll.utlon pollution ln in aa vertlcally vertically nlxcd mixed $torelo Benty" 35" Stomeiel, I{8gtas. 25:1065-11. 25r1065-71. 1953. estuary. Sewage Sevage and 1953. and Industrial Industrla!. Wastes. astuatry. 36. Robert V. V. S_91" et. al. AA thr€€-eycl.e three-cycle aaalyal.e analysis of of watar water quallty quality 36" Thoiaann, Ttrooannn Robert Proeeedlngs of of International variables tldal estuaries0 Intcrnationsl ln tidal varleblea in eetuarles" Proceedings for the Aduancenent of Oceanographic Congress" Congress. Anerlcsn American Acsno Men, for of the Advancement Oceaaographle Auguot.30' 1959" Science, 30 -- September Scl.enceoAugust $eptember11, 11, 1959. thc 37. RobertV.V.llre Theuea useof, ofe6tusr? estuary analyela analysis to to deecrtbe describe the Thonannn Robert 37, Thotnarin, time ver{atlou variation of of dlsgolved dissolved orrygen oxygen ln in a tidal stream. Doctore Doctors ttdel strea. tl"m dissertation. Ner York, Tork, 1020 Nen York llnlverelty, New 1962. 102, 1962. dleaertetl.on. New York University, pollutlon in predtcttoa of pulp n111 1n 38. 3, P. Oceanography and and prediction of pulp mill pollution firllyr Jo Po Oceanography 38" Tully, Board, Caneda" Reeesrch Alberni inlet. Bulletin of Fisheries Research Board, Canada. Stgherlen Alberal Lnleto Bulletl.n of No. 83:169. No" 83:169. 1949. 1949" tldaL ltetcrs. Saage and ead Dlepoaal of 390 R. of sewage waters. Sewage Ro H. Eo Disposal aettage into lnto tidal 39" Tyler, $ler, lTaatca. 22:685-96. Industrial 22t685-96, 1950. 1950" Indusrrlal Wastes. APPENDIX APPEI{DTX n . o Read Obiect ( 1 ) (1) (uBoD) Fl.cw Chart Chert (UBOD) Coloputer Flow Computer Frogrorn (3) (3) (2) ((4) 4) Init ia ions Co''rd''t o C.o.lditronS too (n.2.4C,) $or tral C"ndr o C.rr, p"te. C or'.,stants ?31*'*" o . U B o D .1, J + l <0 o o ueoD,,i flr UBoo^i r?, uBoDnrJvl o (11) o j Pr,.,t J (12) (13) o o /UBoDn.J+ Chanqi"'q (14) f)= 2--> LO QE 6cFt€D Esu,u Yes >a0 , I o . -27- q4p!€lelfeq- of Computer Coopuqer Flow C4arL-(ttBPq) Explanation_of Chart (UB0 ttMethod Undefined unlte unite are are given given Ln in seetlon section "Method and Deflnltfoa Definition of of Termsft. Terms" UndefluEd S.CEP1 j procedure to to aad procedure program describing fott and deccrlbl.ng form Read Read in the object obJect program Ln the be followed0 followed" be 2. . Step 2 -S.teo fl'otr' rlver flow, for river ln data data for through 21, 21, read read in For N N equal equal. 1I through turbulent diffusivity, deeay decay race rate co$gtsnt, constant, po!.!.utloir pollution add!.t!,on, addition, and and tr.erbu!.ent dlf€uslvltye streao ctoaa-B€ctlonai area0 cross-sectional geep 3 resch conditions coad{.tLons ln initial tnltfal For N reach through 20, read in N equal 22 through ppm)arid Leugth" (poll.utton and reech tn ppm) (pollution concentrations reach length0 concentratlons in p4C+. .SCeg (a11 3) condlElons ln end end conditions read in 21n (all J) read ehrough 21, For N equeL 22 through N equal ppnlo (pollutf.on coneentratLons ln ppm)0 concentrations in (pollution gtep 5 ln 20, eonetante equal 2 constants whleh which wtll will bri be uaed used in N equaL Z through 20, For N + 1t UBOD(N, UBOD(N,JS ++ 1)] are computing polLution pollution eoncenttrBtlon concentration for for day dayT + eourpurtng F F , - ^- ptn), Y(N), X(N{" Y(N)n X(N)J. compured computed f(N), Aleo initial Lnltlal Also f- f.l ---1 = 1, N] and and end end t, al]. all tl.! valueaun pff 10 2n_! 2]J eondlttone conditions are are aet set equal. equal eo to their their "tread "read !.u in values." N o 1o .1, N tall 3, Step_9 6 to l1'" 3 equal to ls set set equa!. J is -g-tep-! 20 are are computed. cmrputed. N es2 through through 20 for N UBOD(N, J + 1) 1) for ITBOD(N'3 $rep.8 lts value then zero' If UBOD(N, J3 *+ 1) is equal or or greater greater than zero, its value 1) ts If ITBOD(N, 10" in f,urther further computations the prograa program proeeeda proceeds to to Step Step 100 and the co@putstLonaarid is used is used ln proceede to SEep9. 9" to Step zero, it it proceeds If less Lese than zero, If 2j9 $tep to equal to eec equal 'e set uetror it t't is than zero, If uBOD(N, UBOD(N, JS *+ a) ts less tege than 1) is If further comPutatlonso computations0 for ftrrther zero for gtep 10 .! tg set equal to (J + 1). step !1 Machf.uepuncheo J and ttBoD(N, J + 1) for N * 2, 61 10' 14' 18 (ao the operator wt13, be able to read theee and see how valuee are ehanglng) " stgp 12 the readl.ng the (so the operator, wtthout the operator, Typewriter prints S without reading J (so $pernrlter pr{nts progreeaed" prograonhas haa progressed. the program far the hcrc far punched eerda, cards, wf.1,1 will know kag|tahow punched -- ----I i/ -. {t ( *as* ia S_!_ep Step 13 13. i, i ro If not spproachlng approaching eguillbrlur&, equilibrium, sense If UBOD(N, USOD(I{,3 J *+ 1) 1) is {c noc senre switch off and program !r!.1,1 will cont{nue continue computfng computing aad and puach{ng punching swltch 1L is le left Lef,r of,f and the the progren If USOD($'.S approaching equilibrium, 1) is {g approaching equll.Lbrlum, If UBOD(N, J +* 1) successive values of of llMlD" UOD, auc*eaelve val-uee ttBOD(NrJ3 + 1) for all or if needs to know UBOD(N, values for all N, opesator needo Eo knsv 1) value* or tf the operator > ia gwltch 1I is sense aenae switch Le turned lurned on0 on" j4 $te-p-lt Values of of USOD(N, UBOD(N, J S *+ 1) N equal equal 2 through 20 are are Valuee 1) for for N punehed tso decielona declsl.onao punched and computer pauses pauses for operator to make two to make for the operator and the campucer 0 o Sggg.ll First decision: Firat deal.nlon: progsasareached Has the program t{aa recched equilibrium? equfltbrLr.u? If yes, the the progran program *.e is euded ended (L8) (18) by by Leaving leaving sens€ senseswlBch switch1on,* 1 on* If yea, (16) If no (l6)Q if no " . :' Stepj6 Stgo ,19 Second decision: decLston: Second progrm is If la If 3 J has not atrt reached reached 100, 100, the the program t'SEarttt button buttos" continued by preea!.ng pressing the contlnued ihe "Start" SteA.lJ jJ If equals 100, punched eards cards for UBOD(N 100) as initial for UEOD{N lnltf.al If J3 *quals 1000 punched end condition cond{t,l,on cards, conditions are eondltions read in !.n with wf.th the tha data data and and end eardg. &re read ia The the procedure then $tep 7. treg{ue again w{.th Step ?. then begins agatn starting etartlng with * Nornallys * Normally, the progrqn program rpltl will reach near-equLlfbr$.r:an near-equilibrium eondi.ttons conditions by o o O o o program is dny 100 day that time ttee the the program l.g ended. ended. 100 and and at ag that .0713 ,00'.. \:r fl} ' 2$ .j .ii {'1 l\ (.:l ,:;r a; ei ()LrtS(}C€;CICO {'.! it,.to9lioJ r.4 e0 \S {n fe$d"$(Irr{FlFaFat{ s.*\o\&FFt\t\h 19 gr Fl $tl C>ogteoc}oc)o irccaoo90 4.-,: g\ {} F, Fl g\ {tl !\ ln 17 <3 *i "ff o 3 ) c o J"6 9 t\. t"" 16 o r, \O e ' 6 .'l u1 t4 {'1 (fl F* F. € &n -*" '-.) {} fi .ii' e rO e0 @ @ ) rn e1 Fi \S J ft C d € \0 q0 15 t\ !..1 .n \o Ot\ O \+ s qJ. \P cO O\ 13 12 €rl et} fq F{ r{ \O {bl F \o € t{ F \0 $ I rl r{ Fl rn Fi f\ ro {Fd) $i $l F!\ \0 \o . Fl $l S C) rn $ladl e) f4 (r| $l (\l "i} d En \9 Grl rd: \O \O \O v1 d\ F{ (} (} F,l Fl Fl frt att 64 ('t fq 6t t'r fn t'l (4 (3 (n O .'} {tl OO atl (f 6t} O Fl Fl fC Fl Fl Ff td fla t"i Fl {r} f{ tr; (t\91 1L! rfl F4F{ f,t c.l € {C Fd t4 t-l F{ r*r co co F\ t,lt t\ @ |J1 A tn t\ 0O O\ o N F{ tfi" f.' d Fl F{ Fl F.t r-{ $l t\! N s|(l| C') \O !'n @ Ft @ t't O €ll Fl Fl F{ rd Cr! C{(\t N &, 3^ AF .lJ l{ 5c, .O $r g! fi rq (}. €'f F{ olaa(roooq0 O r.{ rd !g o t\l 11 N (rt .gf O't (Ir O {f, () eO s taoogo 10 o 9 q $'l Fa r-{ Gl (\| olt ftl t"l Al r-{ Ello o Fll *, r, 6 Alt c) o c') e.l (,t rv) ('t cr .'l Gfl Fl !-{ r-l t-l Fl Fl r{ F4 Ff o O g\t ln € a 6 o Q 6? tr1 s{.. o\ .S F{ tO €\ f-{ ts CO i\| 0 O 6A r,P \J' e F\ t\ $l g\ {f .;f tj.l 4 c f\ r\ r$! \O :^ O 0O an Fl r.l \* h o F. t\ . l\ F 8 r\ .+ A .g, € rr1 F{ d & tn Fj \'f $€ O F t\ "f O cO h Slfi 60C FF $ 67 or ?-t Fl F.'l Fl F{ r.l 6| $l O{ $l €\I(\| (\| N 6t \o a $t 0t1 ci'! @ (ft c) o {\l e$ o\ u1 N ro ro t\t h00 \0 \g (\l{\ m \o N (I) \0 6f Fl Fl r{ F{ Fl F1 r{ ?'l ,1 9l 6.tcd,tooo c)O O O € O O \g o o u.l o o r-{ -ta ayl CO F r{ r{' cO 9\ F aq F{ ^+ h 04 *tf t{ FFl rg F.i <f, $1.{t an tf.| (\t g| Cf tf| !n Fl O F rn rn cO <O Ol f} tn t{ F. C \o vl t\ e r{ \p tn N r{ ro !h Fl a$l € F s\{ S +oa4c5eo arih .nCf fi Fl t-aF{ \0 \0 \o l^ rn rfi € r| |9 In tEl v p F t*{ N tU N !.4 P\ .o (G3.6a q O F" F- l\ "f,1*+ CO€O r'lrn ,r.a (, (.') S tJl. !n \+ F{ Fr'€ d o €l o () € cO tC CS Lf't u1 !n rn .00000 .00000 .1564 .4062 1.2047 .34378 .4717 .9932 2,0059 .52117 5446 1. 10382 l&63 55392 .5580 1.1220 2.1717 .55988 5607 1,1259 2 1770 ., .56107 .5612 1 1266 2 1780 .56133 .56131 .5613 1 1267 2 1782 .5614 1.1268 2,1783 .56141 .5614 1.1268 2,1783 lf (rr !n fJ \O f\ O Fl e3.tei en \ct No\ CO O O rr d! r- \f, r\ to c\ o\ o\ o c !n \O F" h t\ ts t\ h € € rn rn rtl !n rn r^ rn dn r.n rn (, N f.. ts f\ rn $f F €{ ccl Fl td ri \f F \e ul lq F a!."af Fi Fi ro tJ} |lf, rfi Fr {l' Fa \0 |'f, I ooqoc;csooltao o\ t\ N Fl AO N f\ eA N F{ F €h (l| F{ a0 € en F t\ c4 o 00000 .00000 2 O OO O()OO i:c- ..*i tqt .j,; .; :*l oO NN dFl Fl Ctl FlFl (\l Fr S"l F{ hl ?l ?F| ?d c rE N € f|} ('t € r'1 aft.t! ocl€ frt rrt a4 €O fn G4 € fn G {J El (' o oooootgs.0 (> o()C ) o o e ct o o o o o o (t€ ()o o c)o('oo o 6roe fii Fl Fl G) r{ O O O CIO () c)(}()() 6O() € ij,, i:. il'i -1 {'it'-! iJ f'+ n1: i--; !n'; -'" r-l -i' co o c o () () (3 o(} () () o o e C) o c C> o (? o o o o {3<) o t} o (r r*,i ij-: rr1::', 5..00000 o Or C] fn Fl ".00O0 3 o e N N Fl 6 N O €C O € 3 O O e OC O 9() C C} O O a4 ';) _:-_i d *i? t:, {i .::. -, : oo00ccooct o O o r-| O $t , 4 .+ F 61 O\ O gl FlFl @@ t\lr\ ct\ o\ / ocoooJo000 Fl O Fa O ('' F{ S (\l 6 rr,r .-r ei ai'a', i.1 f {l il fll Poll etarte at day S \O O.r \O $t .0383 .1312 .2819 q\ F Fl {\l t): .0000 .0383 .1312 ,2819 (> 000d 0382 1309 2815 00000 1 0000 0383 1311 2818 00000 :u..00000 0000 0383 01312 2819 0000 .0383 .1312 .2819 5 €h N () 00000 0000 .0220 00937 .2170 25 .00000 0000 0348 .1237 .2699 ss .00000 5000O .0377 .1297 .2796 It) ,O000 .0000 .0101 .0292 ^| o nlgE $l 6,1 F.t fi N O oo €> F{ ?,1 rd F aQ \O () o aq m r t\| ae) {| O C{.$ {n g\ rn N O.+ 6 € (\| *f rn c)\+ : sl fil tt ttl rn CO Ei I I f,j !n rn u.t ft ln rR !n rn !J1 ln tn g1 1g' m }\f0 A.| co rfi E[ gr ot c\ L000qo Section (N) (\ io F! $t €\l Sf $4 t{tl ftl TABLE C UBOD Computer Output (abbreviated form) 14 H {n .f, {t ln rn rn rn.n '€) (h .ri \C g\ g\ s tn o e, U c, $l Fl Ft c) "* \o rn ch Ft N (\l 6'-{ iFt rfl ft oOO0CaiOt.rqOlCOCO)O Stoo6eoo CO C) Fl "r{ Ft N (\| \O c) \D "+ eo.d! @ Fr \.o Q 6. rn r\ co o! g\ €\ cl d\ g\ o\ o\ O ro $4 (\t "$ tn fi 8'\ Ofr O Fl r{ pl F{ Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl rl (v'l i Fi $l CV \O o oro9cood (\1 $l 6l {t\ C\l 6 q* c\| u'r c)'.{ St t! rd II g Fl $l E\t \O O e{ i O? 000000 .00000 2042324 1.46647 2,6725 5,8481 11.0261 18.9875 8.9809 3.6342 1.3409 6,85717 4.52849 3.9232 7,2923 12.8494 20.7571 10.6494 4.9445 2.3315 7.45361 5.13809 4,1149 75240 13 1309 21 0588 10,9536 5 2311 2 58/7 7.55408 5,27622 4.1492 7.5678 13.1856 21.1208 11.0196 5.2982 2.6517 7.57427 5.30911 4 156b 7 5/76 13 1981 21 1355 11 035b 5 3151 2 668]. 7,57876 5.31708 4 1580 7 5795 13 2005 21 1383 11 0388 5 3185 2 6715 7,57982 5.31902 7.57999 5.31933 4.1584 7.5800 13.2012 21.1391 11 0397 5.3194 2,6724 4,1584 7.5801 13.2012 21.1392 11,0398 503195 2.6725 7.58014 5.31961 4.1584 75801 13.2013 21.1392 11.0399 5,3196 2.6726 .56141 7,58015 5.31964 .5614 1.1268 2.1183 4.1584 7.5801 13.2013 21,1393 11.0399 5,3196 2.6726 6\ (} $ cQ |rl o O JaO r-{ {tl sry €rl ('! F{ rg |n l\ F. F t\ F o o o oo \O\B\9\Otg sJ s0 g\ $l N rn p'{ 6i{ \.P "s € .t t-l F" ) F| 253 1..t &n F4 \S $d 0 r' GO (|r (J tD \o r*. Fl m .* qo rr :,r .25744 6 1 1 3284 6195 ? .s {} rg\& S .* \9 !n Fr "* (4 €tr.-f, rlt'€ F.$ ticnG"|cleo r^rnul .r1rOrl2€ &t e\t C! Grt €rl fli63+i ., 18 oo .10097 9\ OC} CtJ o (3 r') f\ r\, cil @ o e {} o c41o.t9 ()c)fitE)rPFrfi.rf C C {} d F{(ril <ll .25994 1 3313 6715 .7604 .0116 COG' 2G056 .26066 1 3320 1.3321.6221 .2607 .0718 .004$ .26075 1.3322,6221 .2607 .0718 .0045 .26076 1.3322,6221 .2607 .0718 .0045 1.0617,4460 .1682 0425 21092 1 b16.5737 2348 064 .24758 1,3145.6098 .2541 .0696 .00i$ .00000 .00000 .4317l109 .0243 .0031 .C2C) /} | 0" }} &, ct !t +, o FI vt o