ITU-T Workshop on Tackling Climate Change and Specific Absorption Rate Measurement
Cotonou, Benin, 19 July 2012
Benchmark and best practices on
SAR limits enforcement
Flavio CUCCHIETTI
Mauro FRANCAVILLA
TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
ITU-T Workshop on Tackling Climate Change and Specific Absorption Rate Measurement
Renato
Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Cotonou, Benin,|19
July 2012
“Benchmark and best practices on SAR limits enforcement”
Summary
 SAR and basic restrictions
 Technical Standards
 SAR measurement setup
 The telecom service provider and SAR
 Standard developments
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
1
TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
ITU-T Workshop on Tackling Climate Change and Specific Absorption Rate Measurement
Renato
Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Cotonou, Benin,|19
July 2012
“Benchmark and best practices on SAR limits enforcement”
Specific Absorption Rate
 EMF (Electromagnetic Fields) exposure at Radiofrequency (RF) is
primary quantified by means of an internal dosimetry quantity: the
Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)
 One of the possible definitions:
2
T
SAR  
 ci
2
t t 0
E
W
 kg 
 
 Deeply used in dosimetry and in biological experiments because it
could be measured by means of electric field or temperature sensors
Flavio CUCCHIETTI
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
Mauro FRANCAVILLA
2
TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
ITU-T Workshop on Tackling Climate Change and Specific Absorption Rate Measurement
Renato
Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Cotonou, Benin,|19
July 2012
“Benchmark and best practices on SAR limits enforcement”
Basic Restrictions
 Restriction on exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic fields and
electromagnetic fields that are based directly on established health
effects
 Depending on frequency, the physical quantities use to specify these
restrictions are current density, SAR and power density
Flavio CUCCHIETTI
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
Mauro FRANCAVILLA
3
TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
ITU-T Workshop on Tackling Climate Change and Specific Absorption Rate Measurement
Renato
Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Cotonou, Benin,|19
July 2012
“Benchmark and best practices on SAR limits enforcement”
Measurement Standards
 Objective: define recommended practice to address in detail how to
perform compliance measurements
 Measurement Standards key aspects
 Measurement system description and requirements
 Laboratory requirements
 Measurement procedure description and requirements
 Uncertainty budget definition
 Data reporting
 System validation and Inter-laboratory comparisons
 Annexes clarifying technical aspects and rationales
Flavio CUCCHIETTI
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
Mauro FRANCAVILLA
4
TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
ITU-T Workshop on Tackling Climate Change and Specific Absorption Rate Measurement
Renato
Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Cotonou, Benin,|19
July 2012
“Benchmark and best practices on SAR limits enforcement”
IEC 62209-1
 Issued in 2005
 Detailed measurement procedures and
measurement system description,
uncertainty evaluations
 System validation and system check
definitions
 Four normative annexes (phantom
specifications,
calibration
of
measurement instrumentation, postprocessing
techniques,
System
validation) and six informative annexes
 Currently under maintenance
Flavio CUCCHIETTI
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
Mauro FRANCAVILLA
5
TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
ITU-T Workshop on Tackling Climate Change and Specific Absorption Rate Measurement
Renato
Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Cotonou, Benin,|19
July 2012
“Benchmark and best practices on SAR limits enforcement”
IEEE 1528 -2003
 Issued in 2003
 Detailed measurement procedures,
uncertainty evaluations and strong
effort to address rationale for setup
choices
 System validation and system check
first time introduced
 One normative annex (measurement
uncertainty) and seven informative
annexes
 An updated Standard version
positively voted in 2011, not yet
published
Flavio CUCCHIETTI
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
Mauro FRANCAVILLA
6
TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
ITU-T Workshop on Tackling Climate Change and Specific Absorption Rate Measurement
Renato
Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Cotonou, Benin,|19
July 2012
“Benchmark and best practices on SAR limits enforcement”
SAR measurement setup
E-field probe
Robot
to align
DUT
Robot to
move
probe
Base
station
simulator
DUT
Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin (SAM)
Flavio CUCCHIETTI
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
Mauro FRANCAVILLA
Head
simulating
liquid inside
SAM
7
TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
ITU-T Workshop on Tackling Climate Change and Specific Absorption Rate Measurement
Renato
Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Cotonou, Benin,|19
July 2012
“Benchmark and best practices on SAR limits enforcement”
SAR measurement procedure

Alignment positions
Cheek position
Tilt position

SAR tests are performed fixing maximum TX power on DUT
 Typically 4 SAR measurements performed at centre frequency, one SAR
measurement performed at the lowest frequency and one SAR
measurement performed at the highest frequency
Flavio CUCCHIETTI
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
Mauro FRANCAVILLA
8
TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
ITU-T Workshop on Tackling Climate Change and Specific Absorption Rate Measurement
Renato
Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Cotonou, Benin,|19
July 2012
“Benchmark and best practices on SAR limits enforcement”
Mobile phone alignment
 Fully automated system to align DUT (device under test) to Specific
Anthropomorphic Mannequin (SAM)
 High repeatability and precision achieved
Bioem 2009 (June 2009, DAVOS, CH): S. Pacifico, D. Forigo and M. Francavilla: “A New Positioning System For Cellular
Phone Alignment According To IEC 62209-1 And IEEE 1528 Standards”
Flavio CUCCHIETTI
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
Mauro FRANCAVILLA
9
TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
ITU-T Workshop on Tackling Climate Change and Specific Absorption Rate Measurement
Renato
Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Cotonou, Benin,|19
July 2012
“Benchmark and best practices on SAR limits enforcement”
Single SAR measurement
1. AREA SCAN
2. ZOOM SCAN
Flavio CUCCHIETTI
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
Mauro FRANCAVILLA
10
TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
ITU-T Workshop on Tackling Climate Change and Specific Absorption Rate Measurement
Renato
Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Cotonou, Benin,|19
July 2012
“Benchmark and best practices on SAR limits enforcement”
Telecom service providers and SAR
 Verification both on pre-marketing and market equipment

http://www.unglobalcompact.org/system/attachments/16448/original/COP_TI_2
011_FINAL.pdf?1342007429 (page 119)
 All market terminals tested
 The new ones
 Samples taken from stocks within the quality inspection
verifications

http://www.telecomitalia.com/tit/en/sustainability/performancetargets/telecom-italia-environment.html

http://www.telecomitalia.com/content/dam/telecomitalia/en/archiv
e/documents/investors/Annual_Reports/2011/TelecomItaliaGroupA
nnualReport2011.pdf
 More than 50 terminals per year are tested
Flavio CUCCHIETTI
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
Mauro FRANCAVILLA
11
TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
ITU-T Workshop on Tackling Climate Change and Specific Absorption Rate Measurement
Renato
Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Cotonou, Benin,|19
July 2012
“Benchmark and best practices on SAR limits enforcement”
Measurement results - 1
 A database of handsets measured in 2008 -2009 has been analyzed
 A total of more than 100 2G handsets (of which 50 was also 3G) has been considered
Flavio CUCCHIETTI
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
Mauro FRANCAVILLA
12
ITU-T Workshop on Tackling Climate Change and Specific Absorption Rate Measurement
Renato
Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Cotonou, Benin,|19
July 2012
“Benchmark and best practices on SAR limits enforcement”
TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
Measurement results - 2
 Comparison between SAR value and cost of the terminal
10 grams - UMTS
10 grams - DCS1800
2
2
1,8
1,8
1,6
1,6
1,4
1,4
1,2
1,2
Only 2G
1
2G & 3G
1
0,8
0,8
0,6
0,6
0,4
0,4
0,2
0,2
0
0
cost
Only 3G
cost
Flavio CUCCHIETTI
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
Mauro FRANCAVILLA
13
TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
ITU-T Workshop on Tackling Climate Change and Specific Absorption Rate Measurement
Renato
Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Cotonou, Benin,|19
July 2012
“Benchmark and best practices on SAR limits enforcement”
TI SAR laboratory activities: accreditation
 Telecom Italia SAR laboratory
accredited by Italian body
ACCREDIA (ex SINAL)
 Accreditation according
ISO/IEC 17025:2005
to
 Possibility to perform SAR
compliance campaigns not
only for internal clients
 ACCREDIA latest successfully
audit performed in June 2011
Flavio CUCCHIETTI
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
Mauro FRANCAVILLA
14
TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
ITU-T Workshop on Tackling Climate Change and Specific Absorption Rate Measurement
Renato
Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Cotonou, Benin,|19
July 2012
“Benchmark and best practices on SAR limits enforcement”
TI SAR laboratory activities: round robin tests
 Telecom Italia SAR laboratory
participated to SPEAG (Schmid
and Partner Engineering AG)
Round Robin phase II and HEMI
(Hand Effect Measurement
Interlab) studies
Flavio CUCCHIETTI
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
Mauro FRANCAVILLA
15
TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
ITU-T Workshop on Tackling Climate Change and Specific Absorption Rate Measurement
Renato
Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Cotonou, Benin,|19
July 2012
“Benchmark and best practices on SAR limits enforcement”
Standard development work:
IEC TC106 MT 1/IEEE ICES
TC34
Working groups:
 IEC TC106 MT 1, Maintenance of IEC 622091-1
 ICES TC34, Wireless Handset SAR certification (SC1:
Experimental Techniques)
Next face2face meeting: TI Turin, September 11th-14th
2012
Flavio CUCCHIETTI
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
Mauro FRANCAVILLA
16
TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
ITU-T Workshop on Tackling Climate Change and Specific Absorption Rate Measurement
Renato
Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Cotonou, Benin,|19
July 2012
“Benchmark and best practices on SAR limits enforcement”
Standard development work:
fast SAR and test reduction
techniques
 Great effort in introducing new FAST SAR methods and procedures
to reduce overall measurement time*
 A statistical based approach is introduced by TI, to reduce the time
needed to perform SAR measurements in the case of GSM900,
DCS1800 and UMTS band I handsets**
*M.G. Douglas, S. Gabriel, C. Bucher, D. Iliev, J. Kastrati, C. Leubler, M. Meili, K. Pokovic and N. Kuster: “Fast SAR Methods
for Electromagnetic Exposure Evaluation of Wireless Devices” EuCAP 2011 Meeting, Rome, April 2011
**M. Francavilla: “Time reduction to demonstrate SAR compliance of GSM/UMTS mobile phones” BEMS 2011 Meeting,
Halifax, CA, June 2011
Flavio CUCCHIETTI
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
Mauro FRANCAVILLA
17
TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
ITU-T Workshop on Tackling Climate Change and Specific Absorption Rate Measurement
Renato
Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Cotonou, Benin,|19
July 2012
“Benchmark and best practices on SAR limits enforcement”
Standard development work:
hand effect
 Great effort in evaluating the influence of the hand on SAR
 Measurement study
 Computational study
 Objective is to guarantee proper compliance to the specification in
all reasonable use cases
Flavio CUCCHIETTI
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
Mauro FRANCAVILLA
18
TELECOM ITALIA GROUP
ITU-T Workshop on Tackling Climate Change and Specific Absorption Rate Measurement
Renato
Scotti <renato.scotti@telecomitalia.it>
Cotonou, Benin,|19
July 2012
“Benchmark and best practices on SAR limits enforcement”
THANK YOU
flavio.cucchietti@telecomitalia.it
mauro.francavilla@telecomitalia.it
TELECOM ITALIA - PUBLIC
19