ITU Workshop on
“With Information and Communication
Technologies (ICTs) everywhere how safe is EMF in Latin America ?”
(Lima, Peru, 10 December 2013)
Exposure Limit Compliance and
National Policies for Antenna Siting
Jack Rowley, PhD
Senior Director
Research & Sustainability, GSMA
jrowley@gsma.com
Lima, Peru, 10 December 2013
The GSMA in numbers
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2
The mobile revolution
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3
Subscriber growth in Latin America
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Source: GSMA, Mobile Economy
Latin America, 2013
4
New phase of development
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Source: GSMA, Mobile Economy
Latin America, 2013
5
Economic contribution of mobile
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Source: GSMA, Mobile Economy
Latin America, 2013
6
Broadband in Peru
22,2
Mn
6.2Mn
1.8Mn
Lima, Peru, 10 December 2013
14,6
Mn
6.2
Mn
20 20
13 15
20
17
7
Antenna siting
Growing traffic.
Need for back-haul,
power, locations.
Difficulties with local
authority approvals.
'You need to quadruple the
number of antennas to deliver
4G Internet‘
- Peru, Deputy Minister of
Communications, July 2013.
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8
Mobile phones need nearby
antenna sites
Adaptive power control:
Phones are low power
devices.
Lower power reduces
interference.
Extends talk-time.
Many types of antenna sites
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10
Exposures similar from all site types
2G
3G
Rural
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Urban
In-building
system
Rooftop,
building
below
Adapted from Figure 2 of
Bornkessel et al, 2007
11
Microwatts per square centimetre
Exposure similar for all countries
1000
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.01
0.0001
0.00001
0.0000001
0.00000001
Country (points)
Global average more than 5,500 times below limit values.
Lima, Peru, 10 December 2013
Based on Rowley and Joyner, 2012
12
Mobile network levels similar to
other radio sources
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Level (% ICNIRP)
9.22
0.06
0.01
0.41
3.93
Average Baby monitors Average
WLAN access DECT cordless
urban, TV and
(20 cm)
urban, base point (20 cm) phone (20 cm)
radio
stations
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Based on Valberg et al., 2007.
13
Assessing compliance
Operator declarations.
Post-installation measurements.
Sample
audits.
6 million measurements
Monitoring.
Source: MonIT, 2008.
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14
Visual integration with environment
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15
National policy for mobile networks
Protects public and supports rollout.
Clear criteria for site assessment with national
limits based on WHO recommendations.
Support municipalities with policy that specifies:
Information, consultation and design guidelines.
Mandatory decision period.
Simplified procedures for small cells and modifications.
Non-political decision making.
Allow site sharing.
16
Grant access to government facilities for
antennas.
Quito, Ecuador,
14 August 2013
Some US initiatives on antenna siting
FCC ‘shot-clock’ ruling (2009).
90 days - co-location, 150 days - other.
Federal working group addressing
access to government facilities.
“Colocation by right”.
‘…local government may not deny, and
shall approve…modification…’
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17
Conclusions and Recommendations
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18
Muchas Gracias
Contact: Dr Jack Rowley
Job title: Senior Director
Research & Sustainability
email address:
jrowley@gsma.com
Global:
www.gsma.com/health
Latin America
www.gsma.com/latinamer
ica/gsma-latin-americaes/salud-y-moviles
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19