A PLAN OF TIMBER MANAGEMENT AND OF ROAD
DEVELOPMENT FOR TRACT B IN THE WASSEN CREEK
DRAINAGE OF NORTHWEST DOUGLAS COUNTY, OREGON
by
JOHN WILLIAM HAZARD
C
A THESIS
submitted to
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the
degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
June 1962
APPROVED:
V
t
f Forest Management
in Charge of Major
Head of jepartmenrtt; of Forest- Management
Chairmaji/of School Graduate Committee
Dean of Graduate School
Date thesis is presented
Typed by Betty Anderson
June 10, 1961
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION
SCOPE
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1
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Limitation of Data
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Objectives of Thesis
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PAST HISTORY OF TRACT
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5
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5
Fire, Wind, Insects, and Disease . . . .
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DESCRIPTION OF TRACT
5
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Location, Boundaries, and Ownership
Soils
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8
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FOREST DESCRIPTION
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General Description
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Timber Type Classifications
Productivity . . . . . . . .
Stocking
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7
7
Topography
Weather
3
5
. . . . .
Management
2
3
Restrictions Placed Upon Project
STUDY AREA
. 1
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10
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12
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12
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Age Class Distribution
13
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SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
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15
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17
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20
Local Populations and Utilization Centers
Trends in Development in Adjacent Areas
Transportation Exits for Logs
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9
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20
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21
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23
Table of Contents
continued
Page
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THE MANAGEMENT PLAN
MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES
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25
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26
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26
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28
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31
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Distribution of Unit's Allowable Cut
Road System
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Regneration
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...
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25
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Commercial Thinning
. . .
Multiple Use . . . .
Community Stability
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36
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37
38
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38
REGULATION
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The Rotation
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Administrative Unit's Allowable Cut Compu-
tation
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Area Volume Check
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it
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39
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41
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46
Allotted Cut for Tract B
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Sustained Yield Capacity
51
Age Class Distribution
TIMBER SALE POLICY
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53
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63
SUMMARY OF PLAN OF TIMBER MANAGEMENT
THE LOGGING PLAN
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LOGGING METHODS . . .
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63
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67
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. 68
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68
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68
Road Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
Construction Costs
70
ROAD CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS
Road Location
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Table of Contents
continued
Page
TRANSPORTATION COSTS
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76
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79
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81
APPENDIX (In addition to tables and figures listed).
83
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SUMMARY OF LOGGING PLAN
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BIBLIOGRAPHY . .
SECTION I.
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PLAN OF TIMBER MANAGEMENT
Forest Type Map
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Criteria for Timber Types
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83
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Past History of Ownership Within Tract B
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93
A List of Possible Log Buyers for the
Wassen Creek Drainage
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Timber Sale Policy for Oregon and
California Revested Lands
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LOGGING PLAN
85
91
Soil Series Profiles
SECTION II.
84
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97
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. 100
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103
Road Construction Costs
Forest Road Map
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119
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Page
Diagram of Age Class Acres on a Proportional
Acre Base for all Ownerships in Tract B . . .
19
Growing Stock Diagram of the Present Age
Class Distribution on the Regulated Commercial Forest Land in Wassen Creek Tract B
.
55
.
57
Growing Stock Diagram of the Present Age
Class Distribution in the Smith River Administrative Unit . . . . . . . . . . . .
Growing Stock Diagram of the Age Class Distri-
bution at the End of the First Rotation in
Wassen Creek Tract B
V.
VI.
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IX.
X.
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60
Growing Stock Diagram of the Age Class Dis-
tribution at the End of the First Rotation
in the Smith River Administrative Unit
Isoheytal Map of the Smith River and
Umpqua River Drainages
...
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VII. Road Construction Specifications
VIII.
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62
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90
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101+
The Percentage Rock of Ex
Based Upon Side Slope Per ent for Wassen
Creek Tract B
The Basic Road Construction Costs per
Station for Access Roads Within Wassen
Creek Tract B
. . .
. . . . . . . .
107
.
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The Basic Road Construction Costs per
Station for Spur Roads Within Wassen Creek
Tract B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 110
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ill
LIST OF TABLES
Table
I.
Page
Summary of Age Class Acres on a Proportional
Acre Basis for All Ownerships in Tract B . . 18
II. Calculation of Unit's Allowable Cut for the
First Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
III. Check of the Average Allocated Cut for Tract 49B Through the First Rotation
50
IV. Present Age Class Distribution of Growing
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Stock on Regulated Commercial Forest Land
in Wassen Creek Tract B
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Present Age Class Distribution for the Smith
River Administrative Unit
VI. Age Class Distribution of Growing Stock at
the End of the First Rotation in Wassen
V.
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Creek Tract B
56
59
VII. Age Class Distribution of Growing Stock at
the End of the First Rotation for the
Smith River Administrative Unit
VIII.
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61
Detailed Road Construction Cost Breakdown
by Individual Roads
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74
Summary of Comparative Hauling Costs
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77
Total Transportation Cost via the Umpqua
River at Scottsburg . . . . . . . . . . .
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79
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88
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89
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108
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IX.
X.
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XI. Average Weighted Stocking and Average Age
for the Smith River Administrative Unit .
XII. Average Weighted Stocking and Average Age
for Wassen Creek Tract B
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XIII. Cost Analysis of Construction Costs per
XIV.
XV.
Station for Access Roads Within Tract B
Cost Analysis of Construction Costs per
Station for Spur Roads Within Tract B .
.
Schedule of Costs for Hauling Hard Rock
from Either the Smith River or the Umpqua
River . . . . . . . .
. . .
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. . 109
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112
of Tables
List
continued
-
Table
XVI.
XVII.
Page
Schedule of Costs for Hauling Sand Rock from
a Quarry Site fora Given Length of Road
.
112
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113
B Road via the Umpqua Highway to Reedsport,
Oregon . . . . . . .
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113
Total Hauling Cost for the Little Mill Creek
Road via the Umpqua Highway to Reedsport,
Oregon
XVIIC.
XIX.
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Total Hauling Cost for The Wassen Creek
Total Hauling Cost for the Wassen Creek C
Road via the Umpqua Highway to Reedsport,
Oregon
XX.
Total
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.
Hauling Cost for the
. . . . . . . . .
Little Mill
Creek Road via the Umpqua River to Reedsport, Oregon
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XXI.
ill+
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Total Hauling Cost for the Wassen Creek B
Road via the Umpqua River to Reedsport,
Oregon
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115
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115
XXIII. Total Hauling Cost for the South Wassen
Creek Road via the Umpqua River to Reedsport, Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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116
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117
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117
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118
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118
XXII.
XXV.
XXVI.
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Total Hauling Cost for the Wassen Creek C
Road via the Umpqua River to Reedsport,
Oregon
XXIV.
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Total Hauling Cost for the Little Mill
Creek Road via the Smith River to Reeds
port, Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
Total Hauling Cost for Wassen Creek B Road
via the Smith River to Reedsport, Oregon
Total Hauling Cost for the Wassen Creek C
Road via the Smith River to Reedsport,
Oregon
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XXVII. Total Hauling Cost for the South Wassen
Creek Road via the Smith River to Reedsport, Oregon .
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79E I
i
IN
f
a
I
A PLAN OF TIMBER MANAGEMENT AND OF ROAD
DEVELOPMENT FOR TRACT B IN THE WASSEN CREEK
DRAINAGE OF NORTHWEST DOUGLAS COUNTY, OREGON
INTRODUCTION
Wassen Creek Tract B is an isolated parcel of forest
land located in northwest Douglas
County, Oregon.
Its
acres of highly productive forgreatest portion is federally owned
boundaries encompass 4,253
est
land,
of
which the
and administered by the Bureau of Land Management, of the
Department of Interior.
he remaining area is owned by
the International Paper Company whose western operations
headquarters is in
Longview, Washington.
The federal lands
are a portion of the Smith River Administrative Unit, managed through the district office in Coos Bay, Oregon.
Development of the area in the past was delayed be-
cause of the sparse old-growth timber and the high
tion of second-growth timber.
propor-
Due to the fairly recent
rise in utilization and the urgency of salvaging the mature
timber, plans for active management in this tract and surrounding
areas are being
completed.
SCOPE
This management plan is written for the purpose of
integrated use with the over-all plan for the Smith River
Administrative Unit.
It will handle both the private and
2
federal lands; however, the regulated cut will be confined
to federal timber, whereas the private timber will be noted
as unregulated forest land.
This removes the difficulty
which would arise from the present condition of stands on
the two ownerships and allows direct application of management data from Tract B to the administrative unit.
The
ownerships are handled together to facilitate cooperative
mapping projects and to obtain road amortization data.
Limitations gf Data
The inventory data used in this plan were compiled
by the Bureau of Land Management in 1955.
The majority
of this data is directly applicable only to the administrative unit as a whole.
Thus, to obtain the best possible
estimates of timber volumes for this project, type acreages
were used with actual stocking percentages and the Weyerhaeuser Empirical Yield Tables for Douglas-fir, to obtain
present and future type volumes of the immature stands.
Volumes of mature timber were obtained from the average
volume of the administrative unit and the type acreages.
The first reinventory of the area is presently under
way and should be available in the near future.
This will
provide greatly improved figures for future management of
the area.
The few permanent sample plots from this inven-
tory which fell within Tract B were analysed and compared
3
with data used in this report.
The comparison was reason-
however, a few minor discrepencies existed in
ably good;
stand ages.
Objectives QS the Thesis
The objectives of this thesis are:
1.
To present the foundation for management of Wassen
Creek Tract B.
This will include the social and
economic data associated with the area, and the
silvical characteristics of the forest types.
2.
To develop a plan of management for Tract B, which
could be integrated into the present management
plan for the Smith River Administrative Unit.1
3. To design a logging plan applicable to the area.
This will include a transportation and road construction cost analysis of the designed road
system.
Restrictions Placed
on this
Project
In order to provide beneficial information for the
Coos Bay District office and to create original thinking and
development of ideas, certain restrictions on this project
were agreed upon by representatives of the Oregon State
1Through the remainder of this thesis the Smith River
Administrative Unit will be referred to as the administrative unit for the convenience of the reader.
L}
School of Forestry and the Bureau of Land Management.
details settled
1.
The
upon were as follows:
This project would include
a plan of timber man-
agement and a plan of road development.
2. Roads would be designed to meet Bureau
of Public
Road standards and costs.
An allowable cut would not be computed for the
tract,
but some suitable means would be used to
proportion an allotted cut to the area.
All of the various aspects of Multiple Use would
be considered.
5.
Road development would include road location and
cost analysis.
5
STUDY AUA
PAST HISTORY OF TRACT
Management
Timber management, as
such,
has not been practiced
within the boundaries of Tract B. There is no road system on the Bureau of Land Management's
land,
and the few
existing roads on private land are not presently usable.
As a result, there have been no timber sales on federal
land in the past and, at the present time, no cutting on
either ownerships.
The private company which previously owned land
within the tract followed a familiar pattern of cutting,
characteristic of early logging in the Northwest. The
area has been cut over completely without regard to future
timber crops. The few residual stands left are of low
quality and in very poor condition.
Fire, Wind, Insects, And Disease
The major portion of the second-growth Douglas-fir
became established following a large fire seventy to
seventy-five years ago. Apparently, a good seed year immediately followed the fire, because today, the burned area
is densely stocked with even aged, 70-year-old stands.
6
Other recent fires have burned in the vicinity of Tract B,
but none have actually
entered
the area.
Wind damage is quite heavy throughout the area.
Actually, no weather records are available to point out
dates of periodic heavy winds; however, visual indications
substantiate the fact that wind is a major consideration
of stand development.
The greatest extent of loss appears
on the northeast slopes, close to the ridge tops.
The
prevailing winds come from the West and Southwest, hitting
with greatest force as they break over the ridge tops.
Intermittent losses are also evident in the remaining
stands but to a lesser extent.
Insect damage is reasonably light in the tract with
only one area of known loss present.
Section 13, of Town-
ship 21 South, Range 10:West, has a six-acre patch of
insect-killed Douglas-fir timber.
Disease losses,
as such, are not great in the im-
mature stands; however, rots and decays of the family Polyporaceae result in substantial losses in the old-growth
stands.
The primary fungi is believed to be Fomes vir.ii
(Those) Fr., which results in red ring rot in Douglas-fir.
Visual indications of rot are present in a limited number
of trees;:. however, an estimate of the percent of decay at
this time would not provide a very sound figure.
Thus,
the average figure, for the region, of 18 percent will
7
provide a rough estimate
until
actual losses can be
deter-
mined.
Bgria.yo-irii Murr. , root rot is present in limited
is.
amounts in the
It was observed on a small
percentage of windthrows but does not affect the merchant
immature.stands.
ability of
the infected
salvage of
this type
trees.
Once access is available,
of loss should be a relatively easy
problem to overcome.
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRACT
Location, Boundaries.
Ownership
Wassen Creek Tract B lies in the Coast Range Moun-
tains of southwestern
Oregon.
It sits between the two
major drainages of the Smith River and Umpqua River, just
north of
Scottsburg, Oregon,
9 and 10
West.
in Township 21 South, Ranges
Reference is made to the map at the front
of the thesis.
The boundaries of Tract B are defined in detail on
the road map at the end of the Appendix. From this map,
it can be seen that the southern and western boundaries
are surveyed section lines, while the northeastern bound-
ary is not as yet
permanent.
It will depend upon the
specific location of the South Wassen Creek Road.
For
the considerations of area and volume in this project,
the present location of this road will remain permanent.
8
The present ownership within the tract includes 3,982
acres of land administered by the Bureau of land Management
and 271 acres owned by the International Paper Company.
The limited private land is located in Section 18, Township 21 South, Range 9 West.
A complete history of the
ownership within Tract B is provided in Section I of the
Appendix.
Topography
A finger of the Coast Range runs east and west between the two rivers.
The highest point of this ridge of.
mountains is Fern Top which has an elevation of 1,896
feet and lies just south of Tract B.
The lowest point in
the tract is in the northwest corner at the junction of
Wassen Creek and South Wassen Creek.
drops slightly below 500 feet.
Here the elevation
The runoff from the tract
drains northwest to Wassen Creek and eventually empties
into the Smith River west of the area.
The topography is generally rougher in the southwest
portion of the tract.
The steeper slopes range from 60 to
90 percent with uniform drops of 800 to 1,200 feet to the
valley floors.
The ridge tops are bench-type flat ridges
for the most part, well adapted to road construction.
The
drainage bottoms are generally flat, or rounded slightly,
due to the movement of surface soil on the steep slopes.
To the northeast, the . topography is more gentle.
Slopes range up to
70 percent; however,
the area
acterized by relatively flat rolling terrain.
single area
is char-
The largest
of this type is the Wassen Lake basin which
borders on the northeast edge of the tract.
The appear-
ance of this basin is similar to an amphitheater, in that
it is relatively flat around the lake with increasing
ridges. Slopes on
areas generally do not exceed 1f0 percent.
slopes up to the surrounding
these flat
Weather
There have been practically
made of the
no weather observations
area between the Umpqua and Smith Rivers.
fact, the Weather Bureau has made only
a few
In
observations
at elevations over 1,200 feet in the Coast Range.
Thus,
the weather conditions will be listed either for the closest station to the area, or for stations reasonably close
to the same elevation, and still located in
the Coast Rate.
The precipitation for the area is 85 to 90 inches
annually,
as seen on the isohyetal map in Section I of the
Appendix.
The majority of this precipitation is recorded
during the winter months in the form of rain.
The mean January
tween 37.29 and 39.90 F.
temperature is estimated to lie beThe higher figure
is the average
for the Sitkum 1W Station in Coos County, at an elevation
of 600 feet; and the lower figure is
from the Valsetz
10
at an elevation of 1,150 feet. The
mean July temperature is estimated to lie between 62.00 and
62.20 F.; these figures are also from the same two sources.
Station in Polk
County,
The range in temperatures was purposely picked from two
stations which would bracket the area north and south.
The growing season is very sketchy with the only reeord which might approach a reasonable estimate being observed at Valsetz, Oregon.. The figures quoted here will
be for the 50 percent probability of the last occurrence
in spring and the first occurrence in the fall of the temperature of 320. These dates are Mays 14 and October 21
respectively.
These two dates indicate a growing season of approxi320..
If this figure is an accurate estimate
for the same elevation in Tract B, then a range on either
mately 160
days.
side of 160 days can be expected for the
tract.
This would
be due to the range in elevation of 500 to 1,700 feet found
within the tract, as compared with 1,1%- feet for Valsetz,
Oregon.
There are two general
soil classifications in this
area, both
of which are formed from sedimentary rock.
the higher
ridges, where the mean January temperature falls
On
below freezing, is the Astoria series. On the lower areas,
where the rainfall increases and the mean January temperate
11
rises to 390, is the Blachly series.
A complete profile
description is provided in Section I of the Appendix.
series includes well drained, Brown
Latosols developed from residuum from sedimentary rock.
The Astoria
They are common under heavy coniferous forest, chiefly
Douglas-fir and
fern,
hemlock, with
and salmon berry.
dense underbrush of salal,
The soils are permeable and sur-
face drainage is good; but, owing to high precipitation,
the lower solum may become saturated during the winter.
The soils of the Astoria series range in depths of
from a foot or two to many feet. Surface soils tend to
have a
yellowish, brown
color,
and many have large amounts
of parent rock fragments.
Like the Astoria series, the Blachly series consists
of well-drained, moderately fine-textured, Brown Latosol
soils derived from residuum from nonquartzose sandstone.
The Blachly soils tend to have a higher proportion of soil
over the parent rock than the Astoria soils and they are
found on slopes of 20 to +0 percent. These soils also form
under coniferous forests, primarily Douglas-fir associated
with an understory of vine maple, hazel brush, huckleberry,
salal, fern,
and alder.
12
FOREST DESCRIPTION
General Description
Douglas-fir, PseudotsuF-a menziesii Britt., is the
major species
found throughout the Wassen Creek drainage.
Occasionally, it can be found in varying mixtures with
western hemlock, Ts
heterophylla
higher elevations, or red alder,
(Rafn.)
AlDUs
the gently sloped, deeper soiled sites.
commercial
Sarg., at the
rum Bong., on
The only other
species found in the area is western red cedar,
ThuJa plicata Donn.; however, its distribution is quite
limited.
Of the three component species, red alder is the
most abundant.
The alder is found over a wide range of
elevations from valley bottoms to ridge tops.
The main
commercial value is confined to Douglas-fir and its coniferous component species.
The red alder, although of com-
mercial size, does not have a market at present.
Except for the large area of immature timber which
became established following the previously mentioned fire,
the Douglas-fir stands occur in even-aged patches.
Mature
stands are predominantly old-growth with an assortment of
understory types.
The major understory
species are
Douglas-
fir and alder.
The immature stands are dominated by the 70-year age
class.
These stands are very uniform in contrast to the
mature age classes.
Without exception, they are densely
13
stocked even-aged
Occasionally,
stands.
red alder can be
found in small intermingled patches-, but it does not exist
in competition with the Douglas-fir.
The hardwood stands are quite variable.
Being an
intolerant species, they occur as even-aged, rather open
grown stands. The alder types range from young 10-yearold stands to those exceeding 120 years. The majority of
these fall-into the 40 to 60-year age class and are medium
to well stocked. The tree form is generally good for alder.
Timber
Classification
Forest types for the area are determined on the basis
of the predominant species as indicated by cubic foot voles
ume for sawtimber and poletimber stands and the number of
trees for seedling and sapling
stands.
A complete descrip-
tion of criteria for the timber type maps is provided in
Section I of the Appendix.
There are two major type delineations
tract,
Douglas-fir, symbolized by D, and hardwoods which
are indicated
by HD.
there are a great many
Within these two major breakdowns,
refinements.
HD, are broken into size
class
within the
(below 160
years).
The two types, D and
class, stocking density, and age
These elements then make up the
type delineation of the overstory cover. In situations
of two-storied stands, the same system is used to describe
the understory.
Added information is then provided by
l
indicating the condition class, if
evident,
1+
e.g., windthrow
in number of trees per acre.
Productivity
The productivity of this tract is comparable to the
average for the administrative unit. The site for the
administrative unit is listed as a medium Site II, or
Site Index 170 (Q+, p. 12). The difference between the
sites of the two areas appears to be in the range of site
classes.
The administrative unit's -site
classes range
from Site I to Site IV with 56.5 percent of the area falling within the Site Class II, whereas the site classes
measured in Tract B were almost entirely within the limits
of Site II.
IIIts
Occasionally, low Site I's and high Site
were encountered.
No formal sampling system was set up to estimate
the exact site index for the tract, instead a'rough judg-
ment sample was taken at visual indications of changes
in
site.
These values were then compared with the average
for the administrative unit.
lish any
The objective
was to estab-
extreme differences from the average site index
for the administrative unit.
The relatively high site is
growth rate
in the
younger stands.
providing.a very good
However, the period
of growth for the last ten years is reduced in the stands
approaching rotation age.
This is believed to be the
15
result of stand competition'which can be partially alleviated through thinning.
This-problem is discussed in more
detail under the topic of thinning in the management plan.
Stocking
The stocking percents figured for all stands of the
area are considered
only for
the immature age classes.
It
is believed that the variance of volumes of mature types
possessing equal stocking is too great to justify the use
of stocking. Thus, mature volumes'are figured from an
average volume per acre measured on 275 samples within the
administrative unit.
Another consideration, which makes
the use of stocking percents in mature types impractical,
is the classification of stocking in both overstory and
understory.
ist in the
Difficulty arises from the volumes which ex-
understory.
understory approach
that
In many cases, the volumes in the
of the mature type.
The actual handling of these age class mixtures is
a problem.
It is definitely not practical to combine a
poorly stocked overstory and medium stocked understory and
manage it as a well stocked stand.
Tosolve this problem,
the decision must be made as to which story will provide
the greater value
to
management; this will be the stand
the forester will manage. The actual decision on the
ground is not as clearly defined as might be indicated by
this example. As a result;, the following guide lines were
16
used in the preparation of data for this project. Poorly
stocked mature stands, possessing merchantable understories,
will be handled as mature types and harvested during the
regulatory period.2 Poorly stocked mature types with well
stocked understories, which are not merchantable due to
size, will be managed as an immature type. It is felt, in
situations such as this, that the mature type will not
provide enough volume to be economically practical to log.
There are many mature stands in the Wassen Creek
area which have medium and poor stocking.
However, most
of them have understories approaching rotation age; thus,
these stands are handled as mature stands and will be har-
vested according to their priority. Other mature types
have understories of alder; and these also are included
in the mature age class, since alder is not marketable in
this area.
The stocking of the immature stands is very good.
This is in contrast to the average stocking for the administrative unit as a whole. Stocking for the administrative unit averages 63.8 percent for an average age of 59.6
years, where as the average stocking for the tract is 83.5
percent for an average age of 65.7 years. This present
The regulatory period is the period of years cutting will progress in the mature age classes.
17
difference can be attributed to the high rate of establishment following the early fire previously discussed.
Aga Class Distribution
The age class distribution is an extreme departure
from the normal
growing stock
in that the
is in the mature
actual age class acres
lated forest
greatest
class.3
in relation
for a 90-year
proportion of the
to a completely regu-
rotation is listed in Table I.
The form used is the proportional acre
the age classes
actually
A summary of the
run from
basis; however,
the mid-point of one
class to the mid-point of the next higher class, e.g.,
the 10-year age class runs from 5.0 to 14.9 years.
Based upon the previous discussion of stocking,
this age class distribution provides a false appearance
of the
present
stands.
As indicated
from Figure
I, better
of the acreage is in the mature age class;
indication is given of the extent of the under-
than 60 percent
yet, no
story present under these mature
points
stands.
This situation
out the tremendous need for management in this area.
An analysis
of age class
forest land
is provided
distribution
of the regulated
in the management plan.
3The mature age class considers all stands 90 years
and older.
18
Table
I
SUMMARY OF AGE CLASS ACRES ON A PROPORTIONALI
ACRE BASIS FOR ALL OWNERSHIPS WITHIN TRACT B
Age Class
Years
-10-0
Actual Acres per Rotation Acres"
Regulated Forest
Actual
---
Cumulative
---
1-5
Tract B
Actual
Cumulative
1.5
0.0
1.5
1.5
10
10
15
0.0
1.5
20
10
25
0.0
1.5
30
10
35
0.0
1.5
40
10
45
.5
2.0
50
10
55
1.5
60
10
65
6.0
3.5
9.5
70
10
75
17.5
27.0
80
10
85
0.0
27.0
63.0
90.0
90 + Mature
5
1These figures exclude hardwood acreages since they
are not part of the regulated cut.
2Rotation acres refers to selecting
a portion of
the total acreage equivalent to the number of years in
the rotation.
The rotation acres are then proportioned
to the age classes according to the percentage breakdown
of the total acres.
19
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Acre Basis
Creek Tract B
i
i
i
1
1
1
1
V
11111M, .
i
1
u
1
1
I
Y"..N,
I
Class Acres on a Proporfor All Ownerships in Wassen
Figure I. Diagram of Age
tional
i
!1!r!\'
I
20
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
Local Populations,
Utilization Centers
Immediately to the south of Tract Bis the community
of Scottsburg. The population of the town is only a few
hundred.
however,
It does not provide any utilization centers;
it is a possible source of woods' labor. Seven-
teen miles west of
River,
Scottsburg,
at the mouth of the Umpqua
are'Reedsp©rt and Gardiner.
These two adjacent
A wide variety of utilization centers are present here, providing a
good close outlet for timber products. A possible addition
to the markets for small material in this area is the proposed pulp mill at Gardiner.
towns together have a population over 4,000.
Other small communities
Creek drainage are
Elkton,
in the vicinity
of the Wassen
12 miles east of Scottsburg,
31 miles east of Scottsburg. Both of these communities have sawmills and logging companies. As a result,
they will also share in the benefits derived from logging
in Tract B.
and Drain,
There are many other utilization centers which will
A complete list of possible small centers, within a radius of 25 miles, and large
centers, within a radius of 50 miles, is provided in Section I of the Appendix. Undoubtedly, some of the smaller
companies outside the 25-mile radius will bid on sales in
draw from the Wassen Creek
area.
21
,the tract.
These companies are not included, since the
radius distance is concerned with air miles and not road
miles and can be expected to indicate only the approximate
number and capacity of outlets available to the
area.
Ex-
ceptions will result from location and travel advantages.
It was pointed out earlier that markets for hardwoods
are presently nonexistent in the surrounding area.
point should be qualified slightly.
This
The Menasha Pulp Com-
pany in Coos Bay is a ground-wood system which will take
alder.
The present limitation is the low value of alder
in relation to the high cost of transportation.
As a re-
sult, alder is not economical to log.
Trends
Development
Adjacent Areas
The Bureau of band Management personnel from Coos
Bay have worked up an appraisal of costs for buying the
old E. K. Wood lumber Company log dump at Scottsburg. The
dump is presently owned by Cascade Plywood Corporation and
has not been in use since the purchase by this company in
This project would entail obtaining a road right-ofway on private land and rebuilding the two miles of road
1958.
formerly known as the Wells Creek Cutoff Road, as well as
rebuilding the dump.
Completion of this project would allow handling overloads from the Wassen Creek area directly to the dump and
would save a considerable amount on hauling costs.
An
22
analysis of comparative hauling costs is provided in the
logging plan.
The Forest Service, which is not presently operating
in the National Forest west of Tract B, is planning two
sales in the near future. One in Section 26 was suggested
as a combination Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management sale.
The other is a cooperative arrangement with
the State Board of Forestry.
The agreement on this second sale provides for a
road to be built from Wells Creek along the former little
Mill Creek Road to Section 36 of Township 21 South, Range
10 West.
The State would then build the road across Sec-
tion 36 to the west boundary which joins with the Forest
This would allow sales in Section 36
for the State and sales in Sections 35 and 26 for the Forest Service. A map indicating the sections and roads of
the above discussion is provided in Section II of the-ApService
ownership.
pendix.
The Coos Bay District also plans to complete the
Vincent Creek Road, which would connect the Smith River
Access Road to the Umpqua Highway.
This will
not directly
influence operations in Tract B, unless timber sales are
made in the tract prior to the completion of the "A" Access
23
Road.
In this case, it would be possible to haul material
from Tract B on the Vincent Creek Road north and then east
to Eugene or Vaughn.
Tra_ns Dor tat i
Exits
Dogs leaving Tract B must be hauled either north by
way of the A Access Road
and the Vincent Creek Road or
south on the Wells Creek Road.
All products hauled north
will travel up the Smith River Access Road and be distributed in the vicinity of Vaughn and Eugene.
Products hauled
south have a variety of routes to market.
The Umpqua
Highway east will be the probable route for logs to Drain
and Roseburg.
The Umpqua Highway west can be used to haul
to any of the coastal centers; however, the least expensive
transportation is provided by the Umpqua River.
Tide water on the Umpqua occurs at Scottsburg, as
a result logs can be rafted down the river to any of the
utilization centers along the coast.
the centers of North
This would include
Bend, Empire, and Coos Bay, south of
the river, and Glendale, Florence, Cushman, and Mapleton,
north of the Umpqua River.
The "A" Access Road refers to the main proposed access road between the Vincent Creek Road and the Fern Top
Road. (Referto the road map in Section II of the Appen-
dix).
23+
There is a log dump on the Smith River, which also
provides water transportation to Reedsport.
However, this
route is more expensive than the Umpqua River.
THE MANAGEMENT PLAN
MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES
In order to develop this tract into an active part
of the administrative unit, the following goals will be
emphasized in the period covered by this plan.
The vari-
ous objectives to be listed are supplemental to the administrative unit's objectives; however, it is felt that
concentration in these areas
objectives of the Bureau of Land
tives of this
1.
plan are
enhance: the over-all
will
Management.
The objec-
as follows:
Distribution of the administrative unit's allowable cut to this tract.
0
Development of a correlated long-range timber
access road program.
Regeneration of old clear cuts by natural and
artificial means.
Development of a thinning and salvage program
designed to improve stand
health and remove
merchantable losses from windthrow, insect, and
disease.
To incorporate the "Maltiple-Use" concept of
forest management as much as possible.
To promote community stability in local communities.
26
Distribution
the Administrative Unit's Allowable Cut
As seen from the proportional breakdown of acreage
by age class, the majority of Tract B falls into the mature
category. Net returns from this type of investment, either
in the form of net growth or dollar rate of return, are
low.
Thus, to meet the general objective of timber prodwc
Lion, harvesting of this mature timber must take place.
The Bureau of Land Management must control their out
to meet the requirements of sustained yield.
In doing so,
limitations are placed upon the volume which can be removed
annually. When dealing with old-growth, the cut must be
distributed over a wide area to remove the highly defective
stands first. This is one of the problems which exists in
areas similar to Tract B. By making these areas accessi-
ble, the distribution of the administrative unit's allowable cut can be made to include the highest priority stands
within Tract B.
Road Syste
Initial access to the area will be provided by a
"tote road system."5 This road system will be made up of
low class dirt roads for jeep travel. The actual location
?The "tote road system" is a term used by the Bureau
of Land Management to indicate a low standard road to provide access for survey crews.
27
will follow
the four proposed major roads which are Wassen
Creek A, B, C, and South Wassen Creek, shown on
map at the end of the
for this project
1961.
the road
The funds are available
Appendix.
and construction is presently set for May
This system will provide access for survey crews
for the access road
system,
which includes Wassen Creek
Al B, and C Access Roads.
These three access roads will be constructed in the
following order:
and finally C.
Wassen Creek A, then B,
first priority
Wassen Creek A is scheduled for the fiscal
other two to begin construction
within the next four-year period. The remaining spur roads
will be constructed through timber sale contracts as the
year 1961-62, with the
areas become accessible by access
roads.
(Reference is
made to the road system map at the end of the Appendix.)
The Wells Creek Road will be
rebuilt from the Umpqua
Highway to the northwest corner of Section 5 of Township
22 South, Range 9 West.
This is part of a thinning sale
contract in this section. The remainder of the Wells
Creek and Fern Top Roads will be rebuilt during the construe-
tion of the Wassen Creek A Access Road. Wassen Creek A
will tie in directly to the Vincent Creek Road, thus providing a direct
connection between the Smith River Access
Road and the Umpqua Highway.
Once the Little Mill Creek
the Forest Service
Road is constructed by
and State Board of Forestry, roads
28
can be extended into Section 25 to make this area accessible.
The only remaining major road development is the rebuilding of the old Fern Top Road in Section 20.
This will
open up the mature timber on the east slope of Section 19.
This road will need to be completely rebuilt and widened,
as it is presently not usable.
It will be a low priority
road due to the distribution of volume located just at
the end of this proposed road.
Regeneration
It is most desirable to achieve regeneration naturally if at all possible.
Consequently, cutting practices
can be altered to favor natural regeneration.
The alter-
native to this is, of course, planting or aerial seeding,
which would result if natural regeneration fails.
Natural regeneration requires a careful analysis of
the areas designated to cut.
Important consideration must
be given to maintaining an adequate
seed source in relation
to the prevailing winds and maintaining a source of the
desired species.
This can best be accomplished by staggered
settings and refraining from adjacent cutting until cutovers are satisfactorily stocked.
Other considerations
include the seed bed, aspect, and slope.
South slopes have proven to be a problem for natural
regeneration.
This is primarily due to the extremely high
29
temperatures reached on these sites.
It is felt that if
the size of the clearcuts are reduced, or restricted in
widths, regeneration survival can be improved.
Also, the
steeper the slope, the more important becomes the necessity
of maintaining a stand on-the area.
Steep slopes, which
are not regenerated in short periods, show extensive erosion and sliding of surface soils.
Seed beds are prepared naturally by the skidding of
logs through the area and by slash disposal.
In cases
where brush does not previously exist under the removed
stands, this practice should provide adequate preparation.
However, there are many existing stands which have brush
problems before the old stand is removed.
In these in-
stances, logging merely controls the brush temporarily.
The present situation in the old clearcut
quite critical.
areas is
In a survey run in the clearcuts, 62
percent of the area was dominated by red alder and the
remaining 38 percent was brush covered and nonstocked.
The few fir and hemlock seedlings established are in competition with the dense alder thickets which undoubtedly
will dominate the site for some time to come, unless control measures are taken.
Unfortunately, the clearcut areas are privately
owned; thus, little reforestation work can be expected, if
the policy on private holdings in the area continue the
same as it has to date.
30
The same problem is likely to occur on future sales
of federal timber;
the following
so to cope
with a
problem such as this,
suggestions are made:
Alder present in sale units should be felled
along with the other timber. Trees not removed will then
be burned as slash to eliminate a seed source. This was
1.
one of the mistakes made
stand of alder was
on the private land.
left in the
A small
southwest corner of Section
As a result of this action, dense alder regeneration
extends for considerable distances around these few trees.
20.
If it is
2.
to seed
evident
in the area within
be regenerated
ditions in
that Douglas-fir is
one or two
not going
years, then it should
The sites and climatic conprovide very high survival of
artificially.
the area
should
planting stock.
3. If young alder and brush are present or become
established, then periodic treatment with herbicides will
be necessary for eradication; and planting or aerial seeding will have to be carried out.
The possibility of a market for alder in the near
future is high; however, even if a market exists, alder
is a poor substitute for Douglas-fir. It has been suggested
that short rotations
tion
of alder can compete
of Douglas-fir on comparable
realistic to believe
the yield
sites.
with the producYet, it is un-
that after the first rotation of alder,
will compare
with that of a fir
stand above 50
31
years.
Also, it is doubtful
that lumber prices would ever
justify alder as an alternate crop on highly productive
Douglas-fir'sites.
The solution to the problem does not entail complete
destruction of all existing alder stands but is concerned
preventing establishment of such stands where it is
more profitable to grow-<- Douglas-fir.
,with
Commercial Thinning
The need for an adequate
be shown by discussing
thinning
program can best
briefly the theory behind thinning.
text, "The Practice
of Silviculture," that if one assumes adequate regeneration of young stands and disregards stagnation, which is
Hawley and Smith point out in their
uncommon on productive Douglas-fir
stands of equal
productivity and age can be said to produce the same total
sites,
cubic foot volume of wood at rotation age (3, p'. 351-360).
The problem with this concept is that the merchantable
volume varies with stand density, or individual tree size
varies with stand density. Heavily stocked stands have a
high percentage of total wood produced, which is lost to
mortality before harvest; and, likewise, the distribution
of a stand's growth potential may be to the inferior trees.
The solution accepted by foresters in the Northwest is the
establishment of a thinning program with two purposes in
mind: the redistribution of growth potential to selected
32
crop trees, and the harvesting of merchantable trees which
would normally drop out of a stand before rotation age or
time of harvest (14, p. 5 7)
By redistributing the growth potential, one increases
the size of material produced. Larger logs provide greater
product use, which in turn results in higher value. Also,
larger logs reduce the actual handling of materials in the
woods, which results in lower skidding and loading costs
per thousand board feet.
The thinning program suggested for the Wassen Creek
area will be designed primarily to remove volume which is
presently being lost to windthrow and to remove trees
which will not live until the next scheduled thinning.
This viewpoint is taken because of the present age of the
stands. Once stands have reached 60 to 70 years, the
ability to respond to release is reduced; however, some
increase in growth on favored trees can be expected.
Once a full scale thinning program is under way,
individual sales will be made in the younger second-growth
stands.
The exact minimum age class for which commercial
thinning can be accomplished will depend greatly on the
status of local markets and on the logger's versatility
of -operation; thus, experience in the program will allow
management to place minimum specifications on the stand
size for sales.
33
When a thinning program is satisfactorily carried
out, the period of rapid growth is extended beyond the
normal culmination of growth.
As a result, there is a
tendency to extend the rotation age of the stand.
No con-
crete answers can be given here as to how much adjustment
in rotation is needed; this will have to be resolved by
development of increment curves for the chosen schedule
of thinning.
The intensity of cut is quite critical in the older
stands.
The criteria for the volume to be cut can no
longer be an optimum level of growing stock, or a theoretical goal in basal area.
If a program is carried out with-
out adequate response, a reduction in the final harvest
can be anticipated.
The answer is an.adequate means of
predicting the mortality which will occur between the
present age of the stand and the projected age of cutting.
Staebler constructed a set of mortality tables for
fully stocked stands of Douglas-fir (7, p. 1-20). From
these tables, the mortality can be predicted for the desired period. An example of predicting mortality is given
here for the 70-year age class of the Wassen Creek area.
The average age at*the time of cutting is 130 years. This
figure was established by the allowable cut for the admin-
istrative unit. The computations are carried out
follows.
as
3"+
Cumulative mortality at 130 years = 25,600 bd. ft.
(Scribner)
Cumulative mortality at 70 years
2,600 bd. ft.
Periodic mortality for the period
of 70-130 years = 23,000 bd. ft.
Thus, 23,000
bd.
ft. can be cut per acre from a fully
stocked stand of Douglas-fir which is presently 70 years
old. This cut will theoretically not reduce the final
however, actually, this will depend on the forester=s ability to mark the potential mortality trees.
harvest;
Unless extreme care
is taken, potential
crop trees may be
removed.
In younger
stands,
where the primary objective is
growth distribution, a minimum basal area should be established as the goal for the growing stock level. This
goal will vary with the objectives of management and the
age of, the stand. A smaller level of basal area will produce larger material at harvest. An average figure felt
to be reasonable for this tract is 160 square feet per
acre after the final thinning before the rotation age.
In instances where the stand will be carried beyond the
a steady increase
of the growing stock should be maintained. This is necessary to assure a sufficient level of production. The actual goal
chosen is a calculated estimate and will be refined as
rotation, then
in the level
knowledge and experience are obtained.
35
Early thinnings will be geared to the response of the
stands.
Fast growing stands will not have to be thinned as
often as the slow growing stands, and heavier cuts can be
removed.
The actual frequency of thinning will then depend
upon the rate of growth and the volume which can be removed.
Marking rules combine all of the various considerations of silviculture, economics, marketing, and cutting
practices into a guide for the fulfillment of desired objectives.
The marking guide reflects the ability of the
forester and the knowledge he has of his stand.
Yet, the
rules laid down should be flexible enough to cope with the
various unforeseen problem trees which arise while marking
in the field.
The following priorities are listed
as a guide for
marking selected trees for thinning in Wassen Creek Tract B6
Priority 1 - Salvable dead trees presently standing
or on the ground.
will
be considered
Salvable
dead trees
those which are saw-
timber size and are at least 33 percent
sound.
Priority
2 - Trees not expected
next thinning.
to live until the
This will include trees
of declining vigor due to disease,
6The marking rules listed are a modification of those
accepted by the Bureau of Land Management (14, p. 49-56).
specifically for use in Tract B.
They ; are;
36
insect, or stand competition.
Priority 3 - Trees of low
vigor,
presently surpressed.
The main consideration will be given to
spacing, favoring selected dominant and
codominant crop trees.
Priority + - Poor quality dominant and codominant
which will provide possible release to higher quality intermediate
and codominants. Again spacing will be
an important criteria for removal. This
will also include broken topped trees
and diseased trees which are still maintrees,
taining adequate growth.
M
ltiple Use
Multiple use in Wassen Creek Tract B will be basic-
ally confined to timber, recreation, and wildlife. Grazing is out of the question because of the lack of suitable
land and the detrimental effect on regeneration. Water uM
not be considered here because of its apparent abundance
and lack of communities on the Smith River.
Fishing will be available in Wassen Creek at the end
of the-proposed Wassen Creek B Road. Other streams are too
small to provide good fishing. The timber types along the
Wassen Creek drainage are primarily
alder.
not appear to be adapted for recreation
This area does
sites;
thus, it is
37
not felt necessary to place restrictive cutting in the
area.
If it appears necessary to reserve this timber for
a recreation site in the future, it can be done with a
minimum of complications, since hardwoods are not presently
included in the regulated land area.
Hunting is good at the south end of the tract in
the old clearcuts. The hunting is confined to deer and
grouse. Occasionally, elk signs are encountered; however,
the elk population is quite small. As cutting progresses,
the big game population will increase; thus, the area
should provide good accessible hunting in the future.
CgmmLUty Stability
Local communities in the
vicinity of the Umpqua
River drainage are supported by basic industrial payrolls.
The two largest industries of the area are recreation and
lumber, with recreation being greatest on the coast. Consequently, the influence of increased or decreased logging
in a given location-will have a great influence upon the
income of communities. This is true regardless of who is
selling the stumpage
The total extent of present cutting in the entire
Wells Creek area and Wassen Creek area is a meager 2.0
million board feet from Bureau of Land Management lands.
The Forest Service, State Board of Forestry, and private
companies are presently not operating in the area.
In the
38
next year or two, cutting will begin to increase with both
federal
agencies and the state setting up sales.
However,
until the entire area is developed by all of the various
owners, communities will still fight the problem of fluctuating income.
Areas held in a nondeveloped status, such as the
Wassen Creek area, are not only a major management problem
but are also a large social cost to communities.
It is
believed that development of this area by the Bureau will
greatly improve the status of local communities.
Also, by
intensifying management
through thinnings,
smaller more flexible operations will be needed.
This
provides a chance for small private loggers, characteris-
tic of small logging communities, to obtain sales which
larger companies generally can not afford' to handle.
has been the situation on thinning
This
sales on adjacent state
land.?
REGULATION
The Rotation
The average site index for Douglas-fir in the area
was found to be 170, or a middle Site II. The rotation is
7Reference is made to the thinning program practiced
on the Elliott State Forest by the State Board of Forestry.
39
then based upon the mean annual increment curve of the
Scribner log rule for trees 12 inches in diameter and larger,
for Site II.
This curve is taken from the U. S. Department
of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 201 (i-, Fig. 15,
144).
The rotation age will be the point on the curve where culmination begins and is established at the nearest ten-year
interval.
It is found to be 90 years for Douglas-fir site
index 170.
Administrative Unit's allowable Gut Computations
Since Wassen Creek Tract B is not a regulatory unit
by itself, the allowable cut is figured only for the adA proportionate cut is allocated to
ministrative unit.
Tract B for the purpose of planning; however, the actual
distribution of the administrative unit's allowable cut
will not be uniform until the unit has established completely regulated
forests.
All forest types of this area will
be under even-
aged management with clearcut harvesting employed for the
final harvest cuts.
as part
Intermediate cuts will be considered
of the allowable out only if they actually remove
volume from the final harvest.
Since thinning is a rela-
tively new endeavor for the administrative unit, the percentage of volume harvested from thinning applied toward
the allowable cut will initially be an estimate.
As data
40
are collected from thinning
sales,
the actual figure will
be adjusted to achieve a more realistic value.
The administrative
unit's
sustained-yield allowable
cut is computed by the volume regulation method used by the
Bureau of Land
Management,
as even-aged stands.
adapted to growing Douglas-fir
The information necessary for comput-
ing the allowable cut by this method includes the following
types of basic data:
1.
Unit land ownership status and official plot
acreage data
2.
Acreages by age-classes
3.
Stocking percent by age classes
4.
Unit producing capacity
5.
Potential producing capacity
6.
Unit stand volume per acre of mature timber
The first series of computations require setting the
regulatory period,,or the approximate length of time cutting must last in present mature timber until the secondgrowth is
merchantable.
By observing the area acres and
percent stocking of immature
stands,
is estimated to be approximately 50
the regulatory period
years.
Thus, a trial
figure of two percent of the mature timber will provide a
rough estimate of the allowable cut. The computations are
carried out as follows:
Mature Volume (Scribner) X .02 = trial allowable cut
3,291,863 M.bd.ft.
X .02 = 65.8 M.M.bd.ft.
41
According to this computation cutting should progress
at a rate of
65.8 million
grass to the
80-year age class and so on through all age
board feet per year for 50 years.
At the end of the regulatory period, cutting will then pro-
To test and adjust
classes.
.volume check is
below
run.
85 percent
If the
this trial
figure, an area-
average age of cutting falls
of the rotation
age, the
trial allowable
thus lengthening the regulatory
period and raising the minimum cutting age. The recalcuout will be reduced,
lation of the
adjusted
area-volume check is then necessary for the
allowable cut.
board feet was found to be
since the average age at the time of cutting
The figure 65.8 million
too
large,
and the
years of cutting deviated considerably
from the desired ages. Thus, it was lowered town esticumulative
mated 62.0 million board feet and recalculations were made.:
Area Volume Check
The area volume check is shown in Table II.
The
various steps in the series of computations are carried
through the 80-year age class for clarification.
1.
stocking
2.
The total
(57.4
acreage (1,944 acres) and present
percent) are present from the inventory.
The cumulative years
of cutting in the mature
age class is added to the 80-year age class to arrive at
the age cutting will start in this
class.
The 53.1 years,
Table II. CALCULATION OF THE ALLOWABLE CUT FOR THE
SMITH RIVER ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT THROUGH THE FIRST ROTATION'
Age
Class
Total
Acres
Range in Age at
Time of Cutting
Average Age
at Time of
Cutting
Present
Stocking
Percent
Utilization
Loss
(percent)
65,250
---
80
1,944
133.1 - 135.0
135
57.4
10
70
7,056
125.0 - 132.2
130
60.8
10
60
5,495
122.2 - 128.0
125
67.3
10
50
3,816
118.2 - 122.5
120
68.0
10
40
1,222
112.5 - 133.9
115
65.5
10
30
1,834
103.9 - 105.9
105
61.6
10
20
1,304
95.9
-
97.3
95
56.1
10
10
5,198
87.3 -
90.6
90
34.7
10
1-5
8,204
83.6
-
92.7
90
75.0
10
12,193
79.7
- 88.9
85
63.8
10
9o+
nonstocked
Total
113. 51
Continued on next page
'This data was furnished by the Bureau of Land Management's district office in Coos
Bay.
Table II - continued
Age
Class
Yield Table
Volume per Acre
Vol. per Acre, at Average Age
at Attained Age
of Cutting
M Bd.ft.
M Bd.ft.
Total Volume
at Average
Years of
Cut in
Age of Cutting Each Type
M Bd.ft.
Cumulative
Years of
Cutting
Allow-
able
Cut
MM
Bd. ft.
904
---
---
3,291,863
53.1
53.1
62.0
80
68.0
61.2
118,973
1.9
55.0
62.0
70
70.6
63.5
448,056
7.2
62.2
62.0
60
75.8
68.2
371+,759
6.0
68.2
62.0
50
76.8
69.1
263,686
4.3
72.5
62.0
40
76.7
69.0
84,318
1.4
73.9
62.0
30
74.6
67.1
123,061
2.0
75.9
62.0
20
73.8
66.4
86,586
1.4
77.3
62.0
10
44.3
39.9
207,400
3.3
80.6
62.0
1-5
76.9
69.2
567,716
9.2
89.8
62.0
52.9
16.8
570,632
9.2
99.0
62.0
nonstocked
44
plus 80.0 years, results in a beginning cutting age of
133.1 years.
3.
An estimate of the number of years of cutting in
the 80-year age class is made.
This figure should be to
the nearest 5-year interval of the average cutting age.
The number of years of cutting can roughly be obtained by
comparing the acreage of the 80-year age class with the
total acreage.
This figure appears to be about two percent
of the rotation period, or roughly two years.
The average
age at the time of cutting would be 134 years, and the
nearest 5-year interval is 135 years.
4.
Using the Douglas-fir empirical yield tables,
the volume of the 80-year age class is projected to 135
To correct this figure for stocking, the volume
years.
for medium stocking (55 percent) and the volume for good
stocking (85 percent) are obtained.
The actual volume is
then obtained by interpolation between the medium and good
stocking for the actual stocking of 57.4 percent.
The
volume computed for the 80-year age class is 68.0 thousand
board feet per acre.
5.
Ten percent of this yield is then deducted for
utilization loss, and the remainder is multiplied times
the number of acres to give the total volume at the average
age of cutting.
6.
The total volume is divided by the trial allow-
able cut to give the number of years of cutting in this age
45
class.
will change the 5-year interval used
average age of cutting, then the process must
If this figure
as the initial
be recomputed at the new age.
The non-stocked areas must have a stocking computed
since no present stocking
To do this, one must find
the average weighted stocking for the 30 to 90-year age
classes. This is then used to figure the. total volume at
the cutting age for the non-stocked areas. These computations are carried out in Tables XI and XII of Section I in
exists.
the Appendix.
The indicated allowable cut of 62.0 million board
feet proves to be a proper estimate of a sustained yield
cut since the lowest cutting age is 85 years, which is
reasonably close to the rotation age of 90 years. The cumulative years of cut are very close to the selected rotation
plus the adjustment period of ten years for the establishment of regeneration. The regulatory period for cutting
mature types turns out to be 53.1 years.
It must be remembered that the allowable cut is not
fixed but is subject to changes as new and more precise
estimates are made from subsequent
period for recomputalion is ten
inventories.
years;
The present
thus, the management
have at least five opportunities to improve estimates
of the cut before the present mature timber is all gone.
During this period, undoubtedly refinements will be
will
46
incorporated in the present system and many of the present
questions will be answered.
The period of ten years allotted for regeneration during this rotation will be eliminated for the second rotation.
It is felt that improved techniques will reduce this period
during this rotation; however, for the next 10-year period,
its reduction is not justified.
The Allotted Cut
Tract B
The allowable cut for the administrative unit, as indicated in the preceding discussion is 62.0 million board
feet. This was based upon 113,516 acres; included within
this acreage is the 3,758 acres of regulated commercial
forest land in Tract
B.
Yet to date no volume has been re-
moved from the tract to supplement the administrative unit's
allowable cut. With developmental plans under way, the
question arises as to how much volume this new area should
contribute.
It is evident that since Tract B is not a sepa-
rate regulatory unit from the administrative unit, it will
provide varying volumes each year
until the
administrative
unit is completely regulated. In other words, some years
the cut will be greater than its allocated volume, and
other years a greater proportion of the cut will be furnished by the rest of the administrative unit.
It is known that the tract will provide a given vol-
ume for the regulatory period. As a result, the present
47
volume of mature timber, divided by the regulatory period,
will indicate the average annual volume of mature timber
allotted for cutting in the 53.1 year period following the
last computation of the administrative unit's allowable
cut.
This computation was made in 1955.
The actual com-
putation of the allocated cut is carried out as follows:
Smith River Administrative
Unit='s Regulatory Period
= 53.1 years
Volume of mature timber
in Wassen Creek Tract B
=
M.bd.ft.
= 2.5 M.M.bd.ft. per year.
133,944/53.1
Thus, the average annual cut allocated to Tract B
for the next 53.1 years is 2.5 million board feet. This
figure, when compared with the number of years of cutting
in each age class, (computed from the administrative uni
allowable cut, Table II column 3), results in an extremely
erratic annual cut for the tract, ranging from 0.0 to 9.2
million board feet per year. This is to be expected since
the ratio of acres and the average stocking for each age
class
within the
133,944
tract differs from those in the
trative unit. Yet, when analyzing this
adminis-
it can be
seen that this allocated cut is actually based upon the
same principles of computation as the administrative unit's
allowable cut; thus, the average weighted cut by age class,
of all the age classes, should equal the allocated cut for
method,
the regulatory period if the proper estimate has been made.
48
Table III shows the total volumes per age class at
the average cutting age and the average annual volume attributed to the administrative unit's allowable cut, based
upon the number of years of cutting in each age class. The
weighted average of these should then be equal to the allocated cut for Tract B.
Essentially, what is carried out here is
an area-
volume check. but the number of years of cutting is geared
to the years of cutting from the administrative unit's
allowable cut.
The indicated cut from the regulatory
period was 2.5 million board feet, and the average weighted
cut for the cumulative years of cutting was 24 million
board feet.
This indicates a reasonably close check of
average annual volume to be removed from Tract B.
question will probably
arise
The
as to what will happen if the
average weighted cut does not correspond to the cut indicated by the regulatory period.
This is entirely possible
since the number of years of cutting is tied to the admin-
istrative unit and not the tract. This would merely indicate that, if the tract were ever set up as a regulatory
unit, an adjustment would be made to increase or decrease
the cut to provide the proper area-volume check.
The tract
would then deviate from the remainder of the administrative
unit
in its
management.
As shown here, for a given age
class, the average annual cut is predictable; thus, plans
for the area can be made accordingly.
CHECK OF AVERAGE ALLOCATED CUT
Table III.
FOR TRACT B THROUGH THE FIRST ROTATION
Utilization
Cutting
Present
Stocking
Percent
2655
---
---
---
---
---
80
00
135
0.0
10
90
.00
70
734
130
85.0
10
90
91.0
60
259
125
78.7
10
90
85.3
50
75
120
85.0
10
90
88.9
40
21
115
85.0
10
90
89.1
30
00
105
0.0
10
90
00
20
00
95
0.0
10
90
00
10
00
90
0.0
10,
90
00
1-5
00
90
0.0
10.
90
00
non-
14
85
83.5
10
90
68.2
Total
-1758
Age
Class
90+
Total
Acres
Average Age
at time of
Loss
(percent)
Percent of
Yield Table
Volume
Yield Table
Volume at
Attained Age
M Bd.ft.
stocked
Continued
on next page
average age of cutting and years of cut in each age class are tied to the allowable cut computations for the Smith River Administration Unit. Refer to Table II.
1The
Table III
Age
Class
Volume per acre
at average
Age of Cutting
M Bd.ft.
-
continued
Cumulative
Years of
Annual Cut
Cut in each Years of Attributed to Units
Age Classl
Cutting
Allowable Out
Total Volume
at average
Age of Cuttir
M Bd.ft.
MM Bd.ft.
50.5
133,945
53.1
53.1
2.5
80
0.0
00
1.9
55.0
0.0
70
81.9
66,794
7.2
62.2
9.2
60
76.8
19,891
6.0
68.2
3.3
50
80.0
6,000
4.3
72.5
1.4
40
80.2
1,684
1.4
73.9
1.2
30
0.0
00
2.0
75.9
0.0
20
0.0
00
1.4
77.3
0.0
10
0.0
00
3.3
80.6
0.0
1-5
0.0
00
9.2
89.8
0.0
61.4
860
9.2
99.0
0.9
90+
nonstocked
Total
99
rThe average age of cutting and years of cut in each age class are tied to the al-
lowable cut computations for the Smith River Administrative Unit. Refer to Table II.
Weighted Average Annual Cut
(Weighted by number of years of cut)
=
2,77
99
=
2.4 MM Bd.ft.
51
The actual cut for the next ten years will be considerably heavier than the allocated cut just computed for
the tract. This is due to two major factors; one is the
projected road development for the area, and the other is
the volume which should have been attributed to past allowable cuts will be removed. It is evident that the priority
of cutting will be tied to the road construction until the
area is completely accessible.
Sustained Y gild Capacity
The productive
for the tract
or sustained yield
and the administrative unit will be
capacity,
upon a 90-year rotation
From the present
determined
that
average ages of
and the average
capacity,
based
site index of 170.
percentages by age class, it is
the average weighted stocking for the
the tract and administrative unit are as
stocking
follows:8
Average Weighted
Average Aae
Stockinz
(Percent)
(Years)
Wassen Creek Tract B
83.5
65.7
Administrative Unit
63.8
59.6
By referring to the Weyerhaeuser Empirical Yield
Tables (13, Tables 4-6)
for Douglas-fir and projecting
8The computation of these values may be found in
Tables XI and XII of Section I in the Appendix.
growth from the present ages to the attained age (rotation
age) and interpolating for the average weighted stocking,
the gross yield for an average acre:1s obtained. The computed yields are as follows:
68.6 M.bd.ft. per acre
Wassen Creek Tract B
58.9 M.bd.ft. per acre
Administrative Unit
These figures are then discounted ten percent for
utilization loss (defect and
breakage)
to arrive at a net
volume per acre.of 61.7 thousand board feet and 53.0
thou-
sand board feet for the tract and administrative unit respectively.
There are 113,516 acres of regulated commercial forest land within the administrative unit and 3,758 acres in
It can then be expected that, having reached
a normal age class distribution in the stands, the total
the
tract.
productive capacity for the rotation period will be the
yield per acre times the number of regulated commercial
forest
acres.
cutting will
By then dividing by the number of years
the sustained yield capacity is
reached. This calculation is carried out for the two
areas as follows:
Sustained yield capacity = 61.7 x 1758 = 2 . 6 N M.bd . ft .
for Tract B
90
progress,
Sustained yield capacity
of the
Administrative
=
Unit
0 x lji, 516
90
66.8 M.M.bd.ft.
53
Age Class
Distribution
Under the present system of computing an allowable
cut, the normal age class distribution cannot be attained
at the end of the first rotation. In order to visualize
the irregularities which would be present at the end of
one rotation, in relation to the present growing stock
diagram, Figures II, III, IV and V are included.
Tables IV and V indicate the present age class distribution of the growing stock for the tract and administrative unit respectively.
these tables are Figures
The corresponding graphs of
II and III.
Looking at the present Growing Stock Diagrams for
Figures II and III,
the irregularities from the regulated forest are evident.
By controlling the timber harvest through the first rotaTract B and the administrative
tion,
unit,
the growing stock for the administrative unit can
be regulated to approach the desired
structure.
The de-
gree of control is not as great for Tract B, since the.
allowable cut is geared to the administrative unit's, cut
within age classes. As a result, it will take several
rotations to develop the same age class distribution in
the tract as will exist in the administrative unit.
From these same two figures, a tremendous age ad-
vantage for both areas is evident. The effect of this
situation can be seen from the "average age of cutting" of
Table IV
PRESENT AGE CLASS DISTRIBUTION OF GROWING STOCK
ON REGULATED COMMERCIAL FOREST LAND IN
WASSEN CREEK TRACT B
Age
Class
Years
Acres
per Age
Class
Percent of
Area by
Age Class
Acres in
Sequence
of Age
-10-0
h+
0.I+
0.5
1-5
00
0.0
0.5
10
00
0.0
0.5
20
00
0.0
0.5
30
00
0.0
0.5
1+0
21
0.6
1.0
50
75
2.0
3.0
60
259
6.9
9.0
70
73+
19.5
26.5
80
00
0.0
26.5
90+
2,655
70.6
90.0
Total
3,758
100.0
i
V\
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56
Table V
PRESENT AGE CLASS DISTRIhUTION OF GROWING
STOCK FOR THE SMITH RIVER ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT'
Class
Years
Acres
per Age
Class
-10-0
12,193,
10.7
9.5
1-0
8,204
7.2
16.0
Age
Percent of
Area by
Age Class
Acres in
Sequence
of Age
10
5,198
4.6
20.0
20
1,304
1.2
21.0
30
1,834
1.6
22.5
40
1,222
1.1
23.5
50
3 816
3.3-
26.5
60
5,495
4.8
31.0
70
7,056
6.2
36.5
80
11944
1.7
38.0
659250
57.5
90.0
113,516
100.0
90+
Total
i-The basic data of acres per age class was provided
by the Bureau of Land Management's district office in
Coos Bay, Oregon.
57
1
11
1111
_4110
i1mmm mmmmmAmmi Immimm 16MI'Mm'
-i1ir:r.. -- is lt±
V..
:uO
:Nuau ::.NI
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.r
:ii 1::.::
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Mo
7AMMMOMMMM
=UN= Ui_
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"u:!
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Figure III. Growing Stock Diagram of the Present
Age Class Distribution in the Smith River Administrative Unit
58
the various age
classes.
The average age of cutting exceeds
the rotation age by more than 30 years (refer to computation
of allotted cut Table III column 3).
This results in the
cutting of older timber through most of the first rotation.
The obvious criticism of a structure such as this is the
possible reduction of the sustained yield cut for future
years. Actually, this is.not the case. Due to the increased stocking in the present immature age classes, the
productive capacity for the second rotation is comparable
to the present allotted cut within the tract.
Tables VI and VII show the growing stock diagrams
at the end of the first rotation, and the visual repre-
sentation of these tables can be seen in Figures IV and V.
An obvious inconsistency in these figures is the gap
between the curve of the older
regulated
age classes and that of the
This is actually a conservatism, due to
the present regeneration period. Not having a regeneration period for the second rotation provides an element of
uncertainty regarding the effect of a reduced period durforest.
ing this rotation.
Since it is not known exactly when
the regeneration period
will not be necessary,
the graph
is plotted as though the delay in establishment did not
exist.
Thus,,
the true curve for the older age classes
will lie between the, curves plotted.
Since this margin is
small in the case of the administrative unit, the true
59
Table VI
AGE CLASS DISTRIBUTION OF GROWING STOCK
AT THE END OF THE FIRST ROTATION IN
WASSEN CREEK TRACT B
Percent of
Acres in
Class
Years
Acres
per Age
Class
0-5
15.0
0.)+
0.5+
10
15.0
0.4
0.51
20
11.0
0.3
1.0
30
252.0
6.7
7.0
40
815.5
21.7
26.5
50
458.5
12.2
37.5
60
500.0
13.3
1+9.5
70
1+81.0
12.8
61.0
80
500.0
13.3
73.0
90+
710.0
18.9
90.0
39758.0
100.0
Age
Total
Area by
Age Class
Sequence
of
g
r
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auuu
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u
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IME
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Miss
2
F
i
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7: >i1i 4 i.>Fi l
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43
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ri
T
rr
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rarn
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tl
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r1ra
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r7
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n\.
NNUn
[a:a
uu
rRrr1
rlr1
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Namrrn
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61
Table VII
AGE CLASS DISTRIBUTION OF GROWING STOCK
AT THE END OF THE FIRST ROTATION FOR THE
SMITH RIVER ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT
Class
Years
Acres
per Age
Class
Percent of
0-5
6,357
5.6
5.0
10
11,352
10.0
14.0
20
10,784
9.5
22.5
30
80854
7.8
29.5
40
9,422
8.3
37.0
50
12,600
11.1
47.0
60
12,600
11.1
57.0
70
12,600
11.1
67.0
80
11,919
10.5
76.5
90+
17,028
15.0
90.0
113,516
100.0
Age
Total
Area by
Age Class
Acres in
Sequence
of Age
1This data is computed from present management data
furnished by the Bureau of Land Management's district
office in Coos
Bay, Oregon
1-4
Ild
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or
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9
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71
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63
curve of growing stock can be expected to follow the curve
of the regulated forest very closely.
Referring to the present and future growing stock
diagrams for Tract B, the departure from the normal has
been reduced considerably in one rotation.
The greatest
irregularities still lie in younger age classes.
The struc-
ture of these young dense stands will gradually approach
the regulated forest as these acres provide an increasing
percentage of the administrative unit's cut.
TIMBER SALE POLICY
The timber sale policy for Tract B will conform to
the general policy practiced by all Bureau of land Management districts on Oregon and California Revested Lands.
This policy is outlined in the Appendix.
SUMMARY OF THE PLAN OF TIMBER MANAGEMENT
In reviewing the various recommendations of this plan,
perhaps the highest priority should go to the
It is evident that without an
road system.
adequate access system none
of the'management objectives can be fulfilled.
Thus, the
major emphasis should be placed on development of the four
main roads in the area.
Once access is
available, a system of
ing of the old-growth is in order.
orderly harvest-
This will accomplish
the objective of the distribution of the unit's allowable
cut to this area. Since the mature timber is forecast to
last 53.1 years, an opportunity is provided for intermediate harvests in conjunction with, the final harvests.
Thinning and regeneration both command high
positions in the over-all
program;
priority
however, regeneration
if serious,,should have preference. Regeneration problems should be studied as they are created to
allow later concentration on thinning and other desired
problems,
programs.
A successful thinning program takes considerable
time and knowledge of the stands. As a result, early
planning and experimental thinning sales should be carried
out. The program should be set up to provide a continuous
flow of products and should include all stands once the
mature timber is removed.
Although recreation sites are not presently recommended, periodic evaluation of recreation pressure should
be carried out; and added facilities should be provided
when necessary. Increased participation in hunting and
fishing can be expected and should be
encouraged.
Hunting
not only provides a control of game populations, but it
promotes good public relations as well.
The following
of data are provided as a summary
of the various computations included in this report.
list
65
Area lAcres)
1.
Total Land
a.
Area, all classes
Bureau of Land Management
Commercial Forest Land
224
Net Regulated Commercial
Forest land
3,758
3,750
Clear cut
(nonstoeked)
8
Private Commercial Forest
Land (nonregulated)
Forested
2.
271
115
Cl ear cut
(nonstoeked)
57
Hardwoods
99
Net Regulated Commercial Forest Land for
Tract B
Volumes Commercial Forest Land (M.
1.
3,758
bd.ft.
Total Volume Commercial Forest Land
a. Volume on Private Lands
b.
2.
47253
3,982
Nonregulated (hardwoods)
Forested
b.
and ownerships
Scribner)9
184,921
5,132
Volume on Bureau of Land
Management Lands
Net Regulated Volume for Tract B
179,790
179,790
9These figures exclude volumes of hardwood types
which are commercial species but not presently marketable.
Also, merchantable volumes on nonst©cked areas and condi
tion classes are not included.
66
Allowable Cut, as presently computed for the Smith River
Asministrative Unit, versus the proportional allotted cut
for Tract B
1.
Administrative Unit
2.
Wassen Creek Tract B
grey in A ores
Allowt ble Cu,ttt
117,068
62.0
3,758
2.1f
(M.M.bd.ft.)
Sustained Yield Catiaeitv--Annual productive capacity of
desired forest based on commercial forest land area and
volume.
i
1.
.
Administrative Unit
Wassen Creek Tract B
66.8
2.6 M.M.bd.ft.
Revision of Plan
Management plans are presently revised at ten year
intervals to adjust to current inventories. However, additional information will be inserted continuously as development progresses in this area.
67
THE LOGGI NG PLAN
Logs from the Wassen Creek drainage can be expected
to be rather widely distributed, due to the strategic loca-
tion of the area in relation to the larger utilization
The higher quality material will support longer
hauls to the more intensified centers of Eugene, Springcenters.
field, Roseburg, and Coos Bay; while,
will
the average saw logs
more than likely be confined to the closer centers of
Drain,
Reedsport, and possibly Vaughn.
Thinning products create a different situation.
Since markets for thinnings are rather restricted, it is
difficult to anticipate their distribution.
Operations
on adjacent ownerships indicated that the efficiency of
the loggers has a lot to do with the distance logs can
travel. Also, the intended use of materials provide
greater or lesser distribution. High quality poles, for
instance, can carry the cost of transportation to Roseburg or Coos Bay, whereas small saw logs would be restricted
to local use.
An estimated percentage distribution of all logs
from the area has been made based upon the length of haul
to the utilization centers, and the anticipated demand
these centers will have for products furnished by Tract B.
This break down is as follows
68
General Vicinity 91
Utilization
Percent 1
Centgr
Eugene and Vaughn
20
Drain and Springfield
20
Roseburg
10
Reedsport, Gardiner,
Coos Bay, North
Volume
Removed
Bend,
and North Coast
30
and South Coast
20
LOGGING METHODS
cuts,
The system of final harvest will be staggered cleardesigned to manage the Douglas-fir stands as even
aged patches.
On slopes exceeding 40
will be logged
using a high lead system.
percent,
clearcuts
Slopes less than
40 percent, which include mainly the area between Fern Top
Road and Wassen Creek C and the northeastern aspect
be-
tween Wassen Creek B and Wassen Creek C, will be tractor
logged.
Intermediate
be confined to slopes less
than.3+0 percent until a suitable means of cable logging is
accepted by local logging companies. Skidding will be accuts will
complished using small tractors with blades.
ROAD CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS
Road Location
The two access roads,Wassen Creek B and C, were de-
signed to provide access
to the South Wassen Creek drainage
69
and the west
ridge.
The primary consideration in access
road location was to find the optimum topographic location
and still remain within the Bureau of Public Roads' stand-
ards.
Spur roads are then provided to make the timber accessible. In locating spur roads, the problem of cost
caused some roads to be confined to ridge tops and upper
slopes, leaving the lower slopes inaccessible.
in most
instances,
However,
the merchantable volume on lower slopes
can be made accessible by short spurs designated in timber
sale contracts.
Road Specifications
The road system for Tract B has basically two types
of roads--access roads and main spur
roads.
Both types
of roads are Class III single lane roads with intervisible
turnouts.
The general road specifications are provided in
Figure VII, Section II of the Appendix.
The major differ-
ence between the two types of roads occurs in the initial
surveying cost, resident engineering cost, and the road
excavation costs.
cost analysis.
The cost items will be covered in the
The difference in the volumes of excavated
materials results from a one-foot ditch, which is cut for
the access roads; whereas, the ditch for the spur roads is
formed by the fill of the subgrade and surface.
This re-
sults in a total width of cuts, on a full bench, of 23.5
70
feet and 24.7 feet for
spur and access roads respectively.
All other specifications
are the same for the two roads.
Construction Costs
The two costs previously mentioned, which provide
differences in cost rates for the two types of roads, result from contractor specifications.
The costs of access
roads are figured from average item costs of previous Bureau of Public Road projects in the Coos Bay area._ These
include a $3,500 per mile surveying cost and a 10 percent
resident engineering cost.
In the case of the spur roads,
which will be privately contracted, the surveying cost is
reduced to $1,000 per mile and the resident engineering
cost is excluded.
All other cost rates are the same for
both types of roads.
The individual costs are listed in
Section II of the Appendix.
The cost analysis for road construction is figured
individually for all proposed roads and short segments
of existing roads shown on'the road map at the end of
the Appendix.
There are basically three steps in arriving
at the final road cost.
The first is converting all items
of the basic cost, which are a function of side slope, to
a per station basis and equating these to distance.
The
second is computing the cost per station of those items
which are a function of distance.
And, the third is the
71
addition of resident engineering cost which is a function
of neither distance nor side slope but a straight percentage of
construction cost.
The largest single cost item of the construction
cost is excavation.
The volume of rock and common removed
during excavation is a function of side slope.
As a re-
sult, the excavation volume must be computed for the range
in side slopes encountered.
The cubic volume for one station of given side slope
is computed by determining the cross-sectional area of the
cut or fill and multiplying this figure times 100 feet.
Cubic footage is then converted to cubic yards by dividing
by 27.
Cross-sectional areas were computed
by relating
vertical
each
the subgrade width plus ditch to one-half the
distance from subgrade
ten percent
to the top of the cut for
change in side slope.
The percentage of excavation
rock or
common,
the slope
in this project
are also a
volumes, which are
function
of side slope.
As
increases above +0 percent, the percent rock
increases.
Figure VIII shows the estimated relationship
between percent rock and side
slope.
This figure can be
found in Section II of the Appendix.
Considering the total excavation
volume per station
for a given
side slope and relating the percentage rock to
this volume
provides
the quantity
of rock and common to be
72
removed for one station of given side slope.
These figures
for the two types of roads, appear in Columns 2 and 3 of
Tables XIII and XIV, which are found in Section II of the
Appendix.
Multiplying these volumes times the cost rate
per station results in the costs. for excavation by side
slope percent.
These figures appear in Column 4 of the
same table.
From the previous computations of cross-sectional
areas, the horizontal distances corresponding to the slope
distances of the various cross sections can be obtained.
This distance, plus 10 feet beyond cuts and 20 feet beyond fills, provides the width of the area to, be cleared
and grubbed.
The width times 100 feet gives the area per
station by side slope.
the area to acres.
Dividing this by 43,560 converts
The acreage per station for each slope
is found in Column 6 of Tables XIII and XIV.
Again, this
acreage times the unit cost per station provides the cost
of clearing and grubbing per station by side slope.
Excavation and clearing and grubbing conclude the
costs which vary with side slope.
The remaining items of
the basic construction cost (surveying,. drainage, and sur-
facing) are constant throughout all slopes.
By converting
surveying and drainage from a per mile to a per station
basis, they are in a useable form.,., The surfacing require-
ments found in Figure VII of the Appendix are already on
a per station basis.
These can then be equated to cost
73
by multiplying each volume by its respective rate. Surveying, drainage, and surfacing costs appear in Columns 5, 8,
and 9 of Tables XIII and XIV.
The sum of these costs per station by side slope
provide basic cost curves which allow road costs for any
intermediate side slope to be obtained.
The curves of
these two tables appear in Figures IX and X of the Appendix.
Each road must be divided into segments of uniform
side
slope,
and the distance of each segment measured.
By
obtaining the basic cost rate for each segment from the
appropriate curve and multiplying it by the length of the
segment, the basic construction cost can be obtained.
Table VIII lists the major cost components of the
total construction cost for each individual road.
The second step mentioned was the determination of
the hauling cost of
rock,
which is a function of distance.
The cost of hauling and placing sand rock and hard rock
for a given length of road is provided in Table XV and
XVI of the Appendix. These figures include hauling and
placing rock only for the lengths of specific roads. The
cost of hauling rock from the quarry to the beginning of
the road must be computed separately from the rate and
distance.
The sum of the two costs equal the
total haul-
ing cost for the particular type of rock for that road.
Since the sources of sand rock and hard rock are different,
their costs are computed separately.
Table VIII
DETAILED ROAD CONSTRUCTION COST BREAKDOWN
BY INDIVIDUAL ROADS
Roadl
Length
Basic
Cost
for all
Rock
Sand- Hard-
Dollars
Dollars Dollars
Segments
Miles
Fern Top
F.T. A
Wassen
Creek B
WC-B1
Wassen
Creek C
WC-Cl
WC-C1A
WC-C1B
WC-C1C
WC-C2
WC-C2A
WC-C2B
76,843
36,820
3.87
1771559
47224 20,228
20,201 222,212
43,985
18,276 201,033
1.04
36,406
4.03
1.23
164,490
63,803
61;175
23,077
.82
.37
.28
1.21
.51
.67
23 , 599
55,127
19,789
38025
74;368
16,858
,31
.47
36,655
30,099
12,600
18,32+
.95
.75
1.73
MC-A
.93
MC-B
.80
Total
Dollars
1,056 8,200
528 3,943
1:44
Mill Creek
Dollars
67,587
32,349
WC-C7
WC-C9A
WC-C10
Little,
rock
0.73
.51
.18
WO-c8
WC-C9
ro
Total
cent
Cost
Resident
Engineer jag
1.81
WC-C4
WC-C1+ 3
Cost of Hauling 10 per
9
65,313
84,884
58,129
1,056
4,224
1,056
1,056
14,043
5,357
3,658
528
1 , 677
528
2;112
1,056
1,056
1,365
1,q56
2,044
6,523
51692
2,489
3,384
846
528
4,224
1,056
1,056
1,056
8,834
2,376
5,297
4,442
1,056
1,890
70,216
65t889
25 , 282
25,492
62,931
23 ,334
42,1+65
22,049
87
7,126
20,290
1,056 2,867
43,008
59
1 5, 6
22,247
2,112
1,056
1,056
73,152
90,152
62,390
5,727
4,212
3,205
1,376,696
25.,59
`The various spur roads are numbered
reference to the access road from
consecutively with
which they originate, e.g.
spur road one from the Wassen Creek C access road is symbolized WC-Cl. Refer to the road map at the end of the Appendix.
75
The cost of hauling rock to the road requires equating the necessary rock volumes to the unit cost and multiplying this by the number of miles of haul.
The distance
of haul for hard rock is figured from tide water at Scottsburg.
The length of haul for sand rock is based upon the
estimated average length of haul for a given road from a
probably source of sand rock.
Due to the abundance of
sand rock, the majority of the hauls will be one mile or
less.
The total cost of hauling sand rock and hard rock
for each road appears-in Columns 4 and 5 of Table VIII.
The remaining consideration is resident engineering.
This cost is a straight 10 percent of the cost of constructing the road.
It must be remembered that this figure
is present only for Bureau of Public Road projects.
result, only Wassen Creek B and C have a resident
As a
engineer-
ing cost.
The sums of Columns 3, 4, 5, and 6 of Table VIII are
the total construction cost for each road.
appear in Column 7 of the same table.
These values
The average cost
per mile for the 25.59 miles of road is $53,798.
This
figure is felt to be a liberal estimate from the Bureau
of Land Management's standpoint.
The margin of liberalism
results from the major use of the same road specifications
and costs on the spur
If the roads
roads as are
are segregated
used on the access roads.
by type and a comparison made,
the average costs vary only slightly.
In this
case, access
76
roads average $53,575 per mile and spur roads $53,893 per
mile.
Based upon this comparison, the major influence of
the total cost can be said to result from the spur roads,
which tend to be located on steeper slopes, thus increasing
the cost.
TRANSPORTATION COSTS
Comparative hauling costs were run on the three
most reasonable and least expensive routes to market.
The
analysis included the four main roads within the tract.
The most favorable haul, from the cost standpoint, is south
over the Wells Creek Road and Wells Creek Cutoff to the
E. K. Wood log dump at Scottsburg.
The other
routes
com-
pared were the Umpqua Highway to Reedsport and the McKy
log dump on the Smith River, also to Reedsport.
Table IX lists the estimated
savings per
thousand
board feet by hauling to the E. K. Wood log dump rather
than to the McKy log dump on the Smith River or via the
Umpqua Highway to Reedsport, Oregon.
The two factors that favorably influence this haul
are the short truck haul to water, plus the 40 percent
benefit of overloads10, and secondly, the low cost of
-OForty
percent benefit of overloads refers to a
percentage of the hauling cost which is saved by using
wider trucks to carry larger loads. This practice is not
acceptable on public roads; thus, the haul must be confined to owned or leased roads.
77
Table IX
SUMMARY OF COMPARATIVE HAULING COSTS
Cost via
Scotts
Road
Cost via
Cost via
Umpqua
Smith
Dollars Dollars
M.bd.ft. Mbd.ft.
Savines/X-.bd.ft.1
Smith Umpqua
Dollars Dollars Dollars
South Wassen
Creek
5.080
Wassen Creek B .404
Wassen Creek C + .648
Little Mill
4.115
Creek
7.615
8.217
8.556
+-2
9.228
7.967
2.635
2.813
3.908
8.141
7.440
4
-2
3.824
3.319
.10
1Savingsrefers to the savings of the Scottsburg haul over
the Smith River and Umpqua Highway hauls.
2Not run due to obvious high cost.
water transportation as compared
to truck hauling on the
Umpqua Highway.
Hauling costs were computed by dividing each road
into
segments
of uniform grade. The round trip minutes
for each change
Forest
in grade were
obtained
from the U. S.
Service's-handbook on "The Cost of Hauling Logs by
Motor Truck and Trailer" (2, Table 7, p. 50).
the length
Multiplying
of each segment times the rate for each change
in grade and summing all segment
round trip minutes for
each road provided the hauling time for each road.
then equating this time to the
hauling cost
rate per minute
per thousand board feet, the hauling cost for each
obtained.
By
road is
The total hauling cost for a given route inclutles
78
the costs of each road traveled to market, plus the delay
time and water transportation costs, if encountered.
The rate used per round trip minute per thousand
board feet is
$.0529.
This
figure. includes the fees for
use of public roads; however, it excludes the cost of
maintenance on owned or leased right-of-way roads., The
source of this figure is also from previous experience in
analyzing transportation cost in the Coos Bay District.
The comparison of each road, and route appears in Tables
XVII through XXVII of the Appendix.
The delay time used was 40 minutes; this is an aver
age figure obtained from previous analysis
in the Coos
The rate of 2.4+ cents per minute per thousand board feet is obtained from the Bureau of Land Man-
Bay District.
agement's Schedule 12, using the average weight for Douglas
fir with an 85 percent recovery.
The transportation cost is then figured for the most
favorable route, which is the water haul from Scottsburg.
This cost included the total hauling cost plus the mainten-
ance costs on other than public roads.
The rate for maintenance is $.10 per mile per thousand board feet. 11 Thus,
by multiplying the rate times the length of road
maintained on each route and adding
to be
this to the' total
llTen cents per mile, maintenance cost, is an average
rate furnished by the Bureau of Land Management's district
office in Coos Bay, Oregon.
79
hauling
cost,
the transportation cost for each road is ob-
These figures are shown in Table X.
tained.
Table X
TOTAL TRANSPORTATION COST
VIA THE UMPQUA RIVER AT SCOTTSBURG
Road
Total Hauling
Maintenance
Cost/M bd ft. Cost/M.bd.ft.
Dollars
South Wassen Creek
Wassen Creek B
Wassen Creek C
Little Mill Creek
5.080
Dollars
Transportation
Cost
M.bd.ft.
Dollars
1.201
1.211
6.281
5.404
)+.648
)+.335
.973
.803
5.621
5.138
6.615
SUMMARY OF LOGGING PLAN
A road construction analysis and transportation
analysis are provided for all proposed and existing roads
within the tract.
Although many of the roads have a low
priority and cannot be expected to be built for some time,
the basic information present here is essential for present
and future management planning.
Priorities of development are given to Wassen Creek
B and C.
The average construction cost for these two roads
was found to be $53,575 per mile.
The total length of
access roads required is 7.90 miles, which results in a
total cost of $423,245.
Spur roads are analyzed here under basically the same
specifications as access roads.
Reduction in construction
80
costs for the two types of roads having equivalent side
slopes result from the elimination of resident engineering
cost and reduction in initial surveying costs. The average
cost for spur roads is $53,898 per mile for a total of 17.69
miles of road.
The most favorable route of haul from Tract B is south
to the log dump at Scottsburg. This route provides savings of from $2.635 to $4.006 per thousand board feet of
timber over the other two probable
routes.
The advantages
of this route are the reduction in costs due to overloads
and the low cost of water transportation.
Transportation costs for the water haul from Scottsburg range from
$ 5.138
to $6.281 per thousand board feet.
These figures are felt to be extremely reasonable and
should provide high competition for sales within the tract.
81
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.
Barnes, George H.
2.
Byrne, James J., Roger J. Nelson and Paul H. Grogins.
Cost of hauling logs by motor truck and trailer.
Portland, 1947. Rev. May 1956. 116 p.
(U. S. Dept.
of Agriculture. Forest Service. Pacific Northwest
Forest and Range Experiment Station)
3.
Hawley, Ralph C. and David M.
Timber management.
Corvallis
Oregon, Oregon State College Cooperative Association,
1950. 95 p
silviculture.
6th
ed.
Smith.
The practice of
New York, Wiley, 1954.
523 p.
McArdle Richard E. and Walter H. Meyers. The yield
of Douglas-fir in the Pacific Northwest. 1949 rev.
Washington 1930. 74 p. (U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.
Technical Bulletin no.. 201)
Mounteer Robert. -A report on commercial thinning
on the Elliott State Forest. Salem,, State Board of
Forestry, March 1960. 12 p. (Interdepartmental report)
Ruth Robert H. and Roy R. Silen. Suggestions for
getting more forestry in the logging plan. Portland,
1950.
19 p.
(U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Forest
Service. Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. Research Note no. 72)
7.
Staebler, George R. Gross yield and mortality tables
for fully-stocked stands of Douglas-fir. Portland,
1955. 20 p. (U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Forest
Service. Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. Research Paper no. 14)
8.
Staebler, George R. Mortality estimations in fullystocked stands of young-growth Douglas-fir. Portland,
1953. 8 p. (U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Forest Service. Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment
Station. Research
Paper no. 4)
U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Forest Service. Field
procedures for forest inventory, Oregpn and Washington.
1960
73 p-
82
10.
U. S. Weather Bureau. Climatic summary of the United
States. Supplement for 1931 through 1952. Oregon.
Washington D. C., 1956. 70 p.
(Climatography for the
United States no. 11-31)
11.
U. S. Dept, of Interior. Bureau of Land Management,
Area 1. Forest type classification. Portland, August
1957. 11 p.
12.
U. S. Forest Service. Division of Engineering.
Forest road standards, surveys and plans. Portland,
Oregon, 1955. 22 p.
13.
Weyerhaeuser Timber Company. Empirical yield tables
for Douglas-fir. Tacoma, Washington, 1947. 20 p.
14.
Worthington, Norman P. and George R. Staebler.
Commercial thinning of Douglas-fir in the Pacific Northwest. January 1961. 124 p.
(U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Forest Service. Technical Bulletin no.
1230)
83
APPENDIX
SECTION I
PLAN OF TIMBER MANAGEMENT
8'i
WASSEN CREEK
TRACT B
FOREST TYPE MAP
Legend
Boundary
Access Rds.
Spur
Type Island
:b3=
0.
FA
fM/f
IL
3y x0 1tG: p i0'
85
CRITERIA FOR TIMBER TYPES
The following are the criteria used for-type delineation of stands within Tract B.
,8 ecies
The type symbols for the major species of the area
follows the conventional speciest symbols used by the
Forest Service (9, p. 10-14) and Bureau of land Management
(11, p. 1-4). The symbols used in the area are as follows:
Type
mb > l
Local Tvve Name
Douglas-fir
D
HD
Hardwood
Speciest composition is indicated by lower case
letters for each type. A species must make up 20 percent
of the cubic foot volume to be recognized as a component.
Component species found in the area are as follows:
Component Symbol
h
Spgcies! Name
Western hemlock
Western red cedar
Stan
Size Classes
Size Class I - Old-growth Douglas-fir, 211' and
larger, usually over 300 years old and mature.
extremely high quality.
It is of
86
Size Class
ing trees over
is placed upon
- Large sawtimber stands, also
21" and larger, but no quality
woods.
In these
in any type except pine and
hard-
cases, they may have a minimum of 1,375
board feet (Scribner
Size Class
inches
rule)
or age limit
Must possess at-least 4,650
this class.
board feet (Scribbler
possess-
rule).
- Small sawtimber
stand of 11 to 21
dbh, mainly young growth and possessing the same
minimum volume standards as size class 4.
Size Class
-
Poletimber stands,
diameter, mainly young
5 to 11 inches in
growth.
Size Class l - Seedlings and saplings
0 to 5 inches
dbh, based upon the number of trees.
Density Classes
Poorly stocked (-, one bar) 10 to 40 percent crown
closure in size classes visible on
aerial photos, otherwise it is based
upon the number of stems within a
a stocking quadrant.
Medium stocked
two bar)
40 to
70 percent crown
closure.
Well stocked
(-, three bar)
crown closure.
70 to 100 percent
87
,tee Classes
Age classes are indicated in ten year intervals
for the even-aged
stands.
Ages over 160 years are omitted
from the symbol designation. Also, two-story stands
should have at least a 30-year span in age classes.
Condition Classes
Other commercial forest land types found in Tract
B are as follows:
I - An area deforested by insects.
F - An area deforested by fire.
X0 - Old clearcut area, nonstocked (cut over more
than five years ago).
Table XI
AVERAGE WEIGHTED STOCKING AT AVERAGE AGE FOR THE 30-90 YEAR
AGE CLASSES IN THE SMITH RIVER ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT-'Age
Class
Total
Acres
Stocking Class in Acres
Well
Medium
Poor
Area
X
Area
Age Class
Stocking
Average
Stocking
Percent
80
1,944
555
991
398
155,520
111,630
57.
70
7,056
2,722
2,975
1059
493,920
428,970
60.8
60
5,495
3,049.
1,647
799
329,700
369,725
67.3
50
3,816
2,208
1,053
555
190,800
259,470
68.0
40
11222
579
491
152
48080
80,020
65.5
30
1,834
840
560
434
55,020
113,050
61.6
1,273,840
1,362,865
Total
21,367
Weighted Ag
59.62 years
2,367
Weighted Stocking
=
1,162,865
217367
=
63.78 percent
iThis data was furnished by the Bureau
Coos Bay, Oregon.
of Land Management's district office in
Table XII
AVERAGE WEIGHTED STOCKING AT AVERAGE AGE
FOR 30-90 YEAR AGE CLASSES IN WASSEN CREEK TRACT B
Age
Class
Total
Acres
Stocking Class in Acres
Well
Poor
Medium
Area
Area
X
Age Class
X
Stocking
Average
Stocking
Percent
80
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
70
731
734
0
0
51,380
62,390
85.0
60
259
204
55
0
15,540
20,365
78.7
50
75
75
0
0
3,750
6,375
85.0
1+0
21
21
0
0
840
1,785
85.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
71,510
90,915
Total
1,089
Average Age
Average Weighted
Stocking
=
(Area x Age Class) =
Total Acres
Area x Stocking)
Total Area
1
10
=
65.67 years
9
83.1+9 percent
1,089
90
Figure VI.
ISOHYETAL MAP
TO
FOR
so
UMPQUA E SMITH RIVER DRAINAGES
90
90
Contour Interval: 2 inches of
Precipation
Scale: 1/500,000
Reproduced from a Isohyetal Map prOducea by ti.e U.S.
Army Engineers.
91
PAST HISTORY OF OWNERSHIP WITHIN TRACT B
Prior to 1866, the entire tract of 4,253 acres was
public domain.
On July 25, 1866, a grant was made to. the
Oregon and California Railroad Company to aid in building
railroads from Portland, Oregon to the California state
line.
The sections of Tract B obtained by the company
under this grant were Sections 13 and 25 of Township 21
South, Range 10 West, and Sections 7, 17, and 19 of Township 21 South, Range 9 West.
On June 9, 1916, Congress returned the unsold grant
lands, which included the five previously mentioned sections, to federal ownership.
The provisions of the
Chamberlain-Ferris, Oregon and California Revestment Act
awarded jurisdiction of the lands to the Department of
the Interior.
The Bureau of Land Management was the desig-
nated agency which would manage the lands in accordance
with specifications laid down by the Revestment Act.
These sections within Tract B have remained in this ownership status since that time.
Section 18 and the northwest one-quarter (NW*) of
Section 20, Township 21 South, Range 9 West, and Sections
12 and 2+ of Township 21 South, Range 10 West, were withdrawn from public domain during the early period of establishment of the "National Forests."
These lands were ad-
ministered by the Siuslaw National Forest until 1956.
In
92
June 1956, these sections were acquired by the Bureau of
Land Management in an exchange with the Forest Service.
The exchange was made in accordance with Public Law 1+26
(68 stat. 270).
The northeast one-quarter (NE+), southwest one-quarter
(Slab), and the southeast one-quarter (SE+) of Section 20,
Township 21 South, Range 9 West, are presently owned by
the International Paper Company of Longview, Washington.
The original patent on these quarter sections goes back
to October 3, 1904.
On this date these parcels were sold
by the United States government to the following individuals:
T
P
e
SE
of Section 20
NE
New Owner
John M. Neumann
Hilda Norgren
Ulyssess Grant McClure
The SE* of Section 20 was sold by John M. Neumann
on December 9, 1913, to 0. W. Olson of Portland, Oregon.
He, in turn, sold land, which included the SE+ of Section
20, to the E. K. Wood Lumber Company on March 26, 1914.
The E. K. Wood Lumber Company also bought the SW
of Section 20 from John R. Norgren on March 6, 1916, and
the NE
of the same section from Ulyssess Grant McClure
on the same day.
These three quarter sections were owned and logged
by this company until 1958 when they were sold to the
International Paper Company, the present owners.
93
SOIL SERIES PROFILES
Blachly Series
Soil Profile: Blachly silt loam*
A00
Al
salal, broadleaf
1-0"
Mostly undecomposed fern,
0-4"
maple leaves and fir needles.
Dark reddish-brown (5183/2) silt loam,
reddish-brown (5YR4/3) when dry; strong
fine and medium granular; slightly sticky,
friable when moist,
hard when dry; high content of
slightly plastic,
slightly
medium and coarse
shot;
medium acid
(pH5.6);
clear boundary.
4-11"
Dark reddish-brown
(51R3/2)
silt loam, red-
dish-brown (5YR4/3) when dry; moderate
medium subangular blocky breaking to strong
fine granular; slightly sticky, slightly
plastic friable when moist, slightly hard
when dry; moderate medium acid; (pH 5.6)
content fine and medium shot; clear boundary.
11-15"
Dark reddish-brown (5YR3/3) silty clay loam
with moderate fine angular blocky structure;
sticky and plastic when wet; few thin patchy
*Information obtained from National Cooperative Soil Survey,
Type location Lane County, Oregon.
clay flows
fine shot;
B21
15-2611
Dark
red
on ped faces and in pores; few
strongly acid; clear boundary.
(2.5YR3/6) clay with
subangular and angular
moderate fine
blocky structure;
sticky and very plastic when wet;
firm when
moist;
common thin clay flows on ped faces,
and in
pores; very strongly
acid
(pH 5.0);
gradual boundary.
B22
26-42"
Dark red
(2.5YR3/6) clay with
angular blocky
moderate fine
sticky and very
plastic when wet, firm moist; common clay,
flows on ped faces; very strongly acid;
structure;
gradual boundary.
B3
42-7211
Reddish-brown (2.5YR1i-/)+) clay loam with
moderate fine subangular and angular blocky
and plastic when wet; few
large clay flows on ped faces; very strongly
structure; sticky
acid;
C
72-92"
gradual
boundary.
Red (2.5YR4/6) clay loam with weak moderate
subangular blocky structure; slightly sticky
and plastic when wet; numerous sandstone
fragments; very strongly acid;
diffuse bound-
ary grading into sandstone.
92t1-
Broken non-quartzose sandstone rock with
soil material in
more solid
cracks; sandstone becomes
with depth.
95
Aatoria Series
Soil Profile: Astoria silt loam*
Al
O-3"
Very dark graying brown (10YR3/2) silt loam,
brown (10YR5/3) when dry; strong medium,
fine and very fine granular; slightly sticky,
slightly plastic when set, soft when dry,
friable when moist; common fine shot; abun-
dant roots; strongly
acid.
Dark brown (10YR3/3) silty clay
loam, dark
brown (10YR1+/3) dry; moderate very fine
sticky and
soft when dry,, friable
subangular blocky; slightly
plastic when wet,
moist; few
very thin
clay
flows; abundant
roots; very strongly acid.
10-1711
Dark brown (1OYR1+/3) silty clay loam with
moderate medium subangular blocky to moder-
B2
17-42"
ate very fine angular blocky; sticky and
plastic when wet, friable moist; abundant
roots; very strongly acid.
Dark yellowish brown (10YR+/4) silty clay
loam; weak coarse angular blocky breaking
to moderate medium, fine and very fine
angular blocky; sticky and plastic when wet,
*Information obtained from National Cooperative Soil Survey,
.Type location Lincoln County, Oregon.
96
friable when
moist;
abundant clay flows;
sandstone fragments increasing
with depth;
common roots decreasing with depth; very
strongly acid.
42-5611-
Yellowish
brown (1OYR5/1+) silty clay loam;
weak medium and fine subangular blocky;
sticky plastic when wet, friable moist.;
common thin clay
fragments; few
flows;
roots;
abundant sandstone
very strongly acid.
97
A LIST OF POSSIBLE LOG BUYER
FOR THE WASSEN CREEK DRAINAGE
I.
Saw mills within a 25-mile radius
Location
Name
Board foot
Capacity
per 8
Drain
Duncan Lumber Co.
Harris Ben P. Lumber Co
Lucus Lumber Co
Smith River Lumber`Co.'
Stanwood
Whipple, E. G. Mill
Gardiner
International Paper Co.
Reedsport
Lengacher Lumber Co.
Mix, E. C. Logging Co.
Olson Brothers Lumber Co.
Reedsport Mill Co. Inc.
Florence
Reese, Ted Mill Co.
Smith, Truman
Solar Lumber Co.
West Slope Lumber Co. Inc.
Winslow and Esch Lumber Co.
Cushman
Mapleton
hr. Shift
l00M
Classified
25M
145M
M
70M
125M
16M
15M
7M
80M
Classified
Classified
15M
15-20M
La Duke Lumber Co.
70M
Davidson Industries Inc.
90M
U. S. Plywood Corporation
90M
Swisshome
Erskine Lumber Co.
Hoskins Wood Products Ltd.
Lakeside
Benson Creek Lumber Co.
Elkside Lumber Co.
McCune Lumber Co.
120M
150M
Classified
60M
Classified
12These lists are a combination of data obtained
from the Handbook and Directory of Forest Industries, 42
11er-k'reeman Publishing Co.
ed. Portland, Oregon.
p. 580, and Crow's Buyer's and Seller's Guide of
1960.
the Western Lumber and Plywood Industries. Portland,
Oregon. C. C. Crow Publications Inc., 1959, p. 673.
98
II.
Sawmills larger than 100M board feet per 8 hour shift
within the radii of 25-to-50 miles.
Location
Eugene
Name
Giustina Brothers Lumber Co.
Star Lumber
Roseburg
Co.
Douglas County Lumber Co.
Roseburg Lumber Co.
St. Helen's Wood Products Co.
U. S. Plywood Corporation
U. S. Plywood Corporation
Capacity
100M
120M
125M
350M
l00M
110M
170M
Cottage Grove Weyerhaeuser Company
180M
Wilber
Wilber Lumber Co.
125M
North Bend
Weyerhaeuser Company
300M
Coos Bay
Coos Head Timber Co.
Georgia Pacific Corp.
Peirce, Al Lumber Co.
275M
500M
100M
Vaughn
International Paper Co.
300M
Springfield
Georgia Pacific Timber Co
Mt. June Lumber Co.
Rosboro Lumber Co.
1+001
Weyerhaeuser Co.
150M
180M
350M
99
Plywood and Veneer Mills within a radius
III.
Location
Name
of 50 miles.
M. M. s q .
ft .
3/811
Plywood per month
or Equivalent
Coos Bay
Evans Products Co.
Coos Head Timber Co.
Georgia Pacific Co.
Coquille
8.0
Georgia Pacific Corp.
Douglas-fir Plywood Co.
14.0
9.5
Cottage Grove
Weyerhaeuser Co.
4.5
Drain
Drain Plywood Co.
Elkside Lumber Co.
6.0
Eugene
5.0
B-J Construction Co. Inc.
Camac Veneer Inc.
Eugene Plywood Co.
Eugene Stud and Veneer Inc.
Giustina Veneer Co.
Jones Veneer & Plywood Co.
Lane Plywood and Veneer Co.
Snelistrom Lumber Co.
U. S. Plywood Corp.
Zip-O-Log Veneer Inc.
Classified
4.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
6.0
10.0
4.6
7.3
3.0
North Bend
Menasha Plywood Co.
7.0
Roseburg
Evans Products Co.
4.0
National Plywood Inc.
United States Plywood Corp.
Umpqua Plywood Corp.
Springfield
Vaughn
IV.
--
Georgia Pacific Timber Co.
Vancouver Plywood
Weyerhaeuser Co.
International Paper Co.
4.0
8.0
4.1
20.0
.5
4 .0
6.0
Pulp and Paper Mills within 50 mile radius of Tract B.
North Bend
Empire
Springfield
Menasha Pulp Co.
Coos Bay Pulp Corp. (Scott Paper Co.)
Weyerhaeuser Timber Co.
100
TIMBER SALE POLICY FOR OREGON'
AND CALIFORNIA REVESTED LANDS
Introductory Statement
All timber sold under the Oregon and California act
shall be appraised and in no case shall be sold at less
than the appraised, price.
All sales other than those specified in Section
115.21 shall be made only after inviting competitive bids
through publication and posting.
Access
Except for negotiated sales specified in Section
115.21, it will be the policy to offer no timber for sale
"...unless there is access
to the sale area which is avail-
able to anyone who is qualified to bid."
The access re-
quirements are:
(1)
A public road.
(2)
A Government road.
(3)
An easement or deeded right-of-way.
(}+)
A private road covered by a long term reciprocal road
use agreement with details spelled out.
(5)
A private road covered by a long term reciprocal arbitration type of road
use agreement.
l3Title 43, Code of Forest Regulations
101
(6)
A short term easement on a private road if the easement will serve for the period necessary to remove
all the presently merchantable Bureau of Land Management-timber reached by the particular road; or, if
the easement is for the removal of salvage timber
and it is necessary to remove the timber at an early
date to prevent further deterioration.
Whenever a
short term easement is used, road investments and
road standards on the private land involved should be
kept to the minimum; i. e., to those necessary to log
the one tract.
However, if there is a reasonable
likelihood that the road may be used to log some
other Bureau of Land Management timber in the future,
it will be desirable to have the road built on the
most advantageous location, even though its other
standards are lower.
Tvve
of Bidding
"Bidding at competitive sales shall be conducted by
the submission of written sealed bids, oral bids, or a
combination of both as directed by the authorized officer.."
Until designated otherwise all competitive sales will be
made under oral auction bidding.
102
Section 115.21
Section 115.21 deals with the limitations placed upon
Negotiated Sales, as follows:
"(a) When it is determined by the authorized officer to
be in the public interest, he may sell at not less than
the appraised value, without advertising or calling for
bids, timber not exceeding an estimated volume of 100 M
board feet or, if the timber is not measured in board feet,
a quantity not exceeding $2,000 in appraised value: Provided, That not more than two such sales may be made to or
for the benefit of any one person, partnership, association
or corporation in any period of twelve consecutive months.
(b)
When it is determined by the authorized officer to
be in the public interest or to be necessary for the
normal conduct of logging he may sell to a holder of a
timber sale contract, during the term thereof without
advertising or calling for bids additional timber not
to exceed 250 M board feet within or near the contract,
area.
Such sale of additional timber shall be at not
less than the appraised value at the time of the addi-
tional sale.
(c)
Timber on the right-of-way of a logging road and
adjacent to the right-of-way may be sold
at not less than the appraised value without advertising
or calling for bids to (1) a permittee who constructs a
road pursuant to a permit issued-under this part or (2)
a contractor who is constructing a road with Government
funds."
danger trees
103
APPENDIX
SECTION II
LOGGING PLAN
104
Figure VII.
ROAD CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
Class III, Single Lane
Logging Road
Alignment
L ninum Radius
Gradient
Favorable
short pitches
Adverse
short pitches
Width
75 ft.
10
15
7
10
12 ft.
20 ft.
Surfacing
Subgrade
4 ft.
Shoulders
Ditches *
31 ft.
Turnouts - Intervisible
Surfaced width 22 ft.
Subgrade width
Shoulders
Ditches *
32 ft.
4 ft.
3
ft.
*In addition to
subgrade width
Surfacing
Base
6 in. Minus
12 in. Piininum
Top
80
2
24
1
20
cu.
in.
cu.
in.
cu.
depth
yds./sta.
Minus
yds./sta.
Minus
yds./sta.
6 in. I1ininum
depth
Gradin
Back slopes
Unclassified 1/2 :
slopes - 1-- : 1
Fill
Road to be graded and
clear of obstructions
at terninaticn of
contract.
1
TURNOUT C.9cSS SECT/oA/
105
ROAD CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
- continued
Drams
Culverts
-
Ditches
- Max. depth 1 ft. before surfacing.
Minimum diameter, 18 inches
slope from road.
3 to 1
All ditches and culverts to be cleaned at termination
of contract.
Clearing
10 feet beyond cuts and 20 ft. beyond fills. All snags
and danger trees which will reach R/W to be felled and
disposed of at direction of Officer-in-Charge.
Special Provisions
Full bench above 40 percent
side slope.
106
A LIST OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION COSTS
Road construction costs for access roads can be expected to vary about 50 percent from job to job.
The most
recent average figures for access roads in the Coos Bay
District
are as follows:
$3,500.00 per mile
Surveying)
Clearing and Grubbing
1,300.00 per acre
Excavation
Common
.3 5 per cu.yd.
Rock
1.25 per cu.yd.
4,000.00 per mile
Drainage
Surfacing
Sandstone
Quarry and Crush
Haul
Hardrock (River Run crushed)
Quarry and Crush
Haul (Smith River)
Haul (Scottsburg)
2.50 per cu.yd.
.50 per mile
1.75 per cu.yd.
.15 per yd.
per mile
.30 per yd.
per mile.
Resident Engineering
10% of cost (Construction)
iSurveying for main spurs is $1,000 per mile.
20n short hauls of 1 to 3 miles, the placing and
processing is included in the haul.
107
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°.
Figure VIII. The Percent Rock of Excavation Volumes Based
Upon Side Slope Percent for Wassen Creek Tract B
Table XIII
COST ANALYSIS PER STATION FOR CONSTRUCTION OF ACCESS ROADS WITH TRACT B
Slope
Percent
Excavation
Volume
Rock
Volume
Common
Cu.Yds. Cu.Yds.
Cost
Dollars
Surveying
'Clearing and
Drainage
Grubbing
Acreage Cost
Dollars Acres Dollars Dollars
facing
Basic
Construe-
Dollars
tion Cost
Dollars
Sur-
0
0.0
0.0
0.00
62.29
0.148
192.40
75.76
277.00
607.45
10
0.0
96.4
33.74
62.29
.128
166.40
75.76
277.00
615.19
20
0.0
201.4
70.1+9
62.29
.131
170.30
75.76
277.00
655.84
30
0.0
342.7
119.95
62.29
.134
174.20
75.76
277.00
709.20
40
0.0
584.2
204.47
62.29
.139
182.00
75.76
277.00
801.52
50
81.3
692.9
344.13
62.29
.144
187.20
75.76
277.00
946.38
60
247.2
741.7
568.62
62.29
.150
195.00
75.76
277,00
1,178.67
70
556.0
679.6
932.88, 62.29
.156
202.80
75.76
277.00
1,550.73
80
1,066.4
457.0
1,1+92.94
62.29
.163
211.90
75.76
277.00
2,119.89
90
1,866.1
0.0
2,332.63
62.29
.172
223.60
75.76
277.00
2,971.28
'Turnouts are $42 per station less, due to absence of 2 in. minus rock.
facing excludes the hauling cost of hard rock and sand rock.
Also, six
Table XIV
COST ANALYSIS PER STATION FOR CONSTRUCTION OF SPUR ROADS WITHIN TRACT B
Excavation
Slope Volume Volume
Rock
Cost
Clearing and
Grubbing
Drainage
Acreage Cost
Dollars Acres Dollars Dollars
Surveying
Common
Percent Cu.Yds. Cu.Yds. Dollars
Sur-
Basic
facing
Dollars
Construe
tion Cost
Dollars
0
0.0
0.0
0.00
19.23
0.148
192.40
75.76
277.00
564.39
10
0.0
70.7
24.75
19.23
.128
166.40
75.76
277.00
563.14
20
0.0
172.8
60.48
19.23
.131.
170.30
75.76
277.00
602.77
30
0.0
316.1
110.64
19.23
.134
174.20
75.76
277.00
656.83
40
0.0
511.3
178.95
19.23
.139
182.00
75.76
277.00
732.9+-
50
68.2
613.6
300.01
19.23
187.20
75.76
277.00
859.20
60
219.2
657.5
504.13
.144
.150
19.23
195.00
75.76
277.00`
1,071.12
70
495.6
605.8
831.53
19.23
.156
202.80
75.76
277.00
1,406.32
80
954.5
1+09.1
1,336.30
19.23
.163
211.90
75.76
277.00
1,920.19
90
1,673.5
0.0
2,091.88
19.23
.172
223.60
75.76
277.00
2,687.47
lTurnouts
are $1+2 per station less, due to absence of 2 in. minus rock.
facing cost
excludes hauling
cost of hard rock and sand rock.
Also, sur-
rip.
mono
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Figure X. The Basic Road Construction Cost per Station
for Spur Roads Within Wassen Creek Tract B
112
Table XV
SCHEDULE OF COSTS FOR HAULING HARD ROCK FROM EITHER
THE SMITH RIVER OR THE UMPQUA RIVER
Volume
Length
of Road
Miles
1
Scottsburg
Cost per
Cu.Yds./
mile
Cu.Yds. Dollars
of
Haul
2,323
47646
6,969
9,292
11,615
-
.30
.30
.30
.30
.30
Average
Cost p r
lenzth g
Dollars
Smith River
Cost per
Average
Cu.Yds./
Cost pVr
mile
1ength
Dollars
348.48
1,393.92
3,136.32
5,575.68
8,712.00
Dollars
.15
174.24
.15
.15
.15
1, 568.16
2,787.84
1-,356.00
1AVerage Cost is based upon hauling the Total Volume
the mid-point distance of the
to
road.
Table XVI
SCHEDULE OF COSTS FOR HAULING SAND ROCK FRQ
A QUARRY SITE FOR A GIVEN LENGTH OF ROAD-'
Length
Volume
Road
Haul
Cu.Yds.
of
Miles
1
of
Cost per
Cu.Yds./
Mile
Dollars
Average
Cost per
Length
Dollars
1,056.00
2
8;48
.50
)+;221+.00
5
16,896
21,120
.50
.50
16,896.00
26,400.00
'Due to the abundance of sand rock
9,04.00
the majority of the
roads will have a haul of less than 1 mile.
113
Table XVII
TOTAL HAULING COST FOR THE LITTLE MILL CREEK ROAD
VIA THE UMPQUA HIGHWAY TO REEDSPORT, OREGON
Aver-
Cost Item
Round Trip Time
age
Haul
Average
Unit
T uc
Miles Minutes
Hauling
Unit Cost
Total
per min.
Total
Cost
per
per
Minutes
M.Bd.ft.
M.Bd.ft.
Dollars
Dollars
Little Mill
Creek Road
Wells Cr. Rd.
(To cutoff)
Wells Cr. Rd.
(To Hwy.)
2.68
8.80
22.19.0529
2.44
6.55
15.98
.0529
2.70
.0529
.33
Umg qua Hwy.
A
50
All Segments 23.95
Delay Time
8.20
4.40
81.40
1.17
845
.143
4,306
6.464
.0529
t
Total Hauling
Table XVIII
TOTAL HAULING COST FOR THE WASSEN CREEK B ROAD
VIA THE UMPQUA HIGHWAY TO REEDSPORT, OREGON
Cost Item
Average
Haul
Round Trip Time Unit Cost
per min.
Average
Total
per
Miles Minutes
Wassen Cr. B
Wassen Cr. A
Fern Top Road
Wells Cr. Rd.
(To cutoff)
3.89
(To Hwy.)
Total
per
Dollars;
Dollars
1.19
.05299
1.83
6.69
10.25.0529
542
2.44
6.55
15.98
.0529
845
.33
8.2 0
2.70
. 0 529
529.143
18. 0
All Segments 28.0
Delay Time
Minutes
38.58
Wells Cr. Rd.
Umpgua Hwy.
Cost
M.B .ft. M Bd.ft.
Unit
Trmck Hauling
Total
Hauling Cost
1+0
9
8.25
.97
9.22
Table XIX
TOTAL HAULING COST FOR THEWASSEN CREEK C ROAD
VIA THE UMPQUA HIGHWAY TO REEDSPORT, OREGON
Aver-
Cost Item
age
Haul
Miles
True Hauling
Wassen Creek
C
Fern Top Rd.
Wells Creek Rd.
(to cutoff)
Wells Creek Rd.
(to highway)
mpgAa Highway
Round Trip Time
Average
Unit
Minutes
Unit Cost
per min.
Total
Cost
per
Total
per
Minutes
Dollars
Dollars
M Bd.ft.
7.22
8.80
29.53
.29
2.55
.0529
.0529
1.562
.135
2.44
6.55
15.98
.0529
0845
.33
8.20
2.70
.0529
.143
3
+ . 106
4.09
l8. Q
.40
81.40
Delay Time
Total Hauling Cost
Table XX
TOTAL HAULING COST FOR THE LITTLE MILL CREEK ROAD
VIA THE UMPQUA RIVER TO REEDSPORT , OREGON
Cost Item
Truck Hauling
Little-Kill
Aver- Round
Trip Time
age
Unit Cost
per min.
Total
Cost
Total
per
per
Unit
1I Bd.ft.
Miles Minutes Minutes Dollars Dollars
Haul
Average
Creek Road
2.68
8.80
22.19
.03171
704
(to cutoff)
2.44
6.55
15.98
.0317
.507
du=
2.9
5.40
15,7
.0117
Wells Creek Rd.
Overload to
All Segments
8e03
Delay Time
Water Transportation
Total Hip Cost
1Forty percent reduction allotted for overloads.
.498
1.709
.976
115
Table XXI
TOTAL HAULING COST FOR THE WASSEN CREEK B ROAD
VIA THE UMPQUA RIVER TO REEDSPORT, OREGON
Cost Item
Aver- Round Trip Time
age
Haul
Average
Unit
Total
Unit Cost
per min.
per
M.Bd.ft.
Miles Minutes Minutes Dollars
Truck Hauling
Wassen Creek B
Wassen Creek A
Fern Top Road
3.89
1.04
1.83:
9.53
8.25
6.69
6.55
Overload Road
All Segments
NAter
8.58
.03171
.0317
15.98
15.71
.0317
.0117
M.Bd.ft.
Dollars
1.176
Time.97
Well Creek Cutoff 2.f+
Delay
37.09
Total
Cost
per
2.91
12111
521+0
.272
.325
.507
10.25.0317
.498
2
-
Transportation
total Hauling Cost
1.
5
1Forty percent reduction allotted for overloads.
Table XXII
TOTAL HAULING COST FOR THE WASSEN CREEK ,,C ROAD
VIA THE UMPQUA RIVER TO REEDSPORT, OREGON
Cost Item
Aver-
age
Haul
Round Trip Time Unit Cost
per min.
Total
per
Average
Cost
per
M.Bd.ft. M,Bd.tt.
Miles Minutes Minutes Dollars Dollars
Truck
Hauline
Wassen Creek
C
Fern Top Road
Wells Creek Rd.
(to
Unit
Total
cutoff)
Overload Road
4.O9
.29
2.44
2.91
7.22
8.80
29.53
2.53
.03171
.0317
.936
.081
6.55
15.98
15.71
.0317
.0117
.507
.498
')+O
All Segments
Delay Time
Water Transport
2.02
ion
Total Hauling Cost
a-Forty percent reduction
allotted
for overloads.
116
Table XXIII
TOTAL HAULING COST FOR THE SOUTH WASSEN CREEK ROAD
VIA THE UMPQUA RIVER TO REEDSPORT, OREGON
Cost Item
Average
Haul
Round Trip Time
Average
Total
7.32
7.36
6.69
6.55
24.08
11.33
10.25.
15.98
Unit
Unit Cost Total
per min.
Cost
per
per
M.Bd.ft. M.Bd.ft.
Miles Minutes Minutes Dollars Dollars
Truck Hauling
.So. Wassen Cr.
Road
Wassen Creek A
Fern Top Road
Wells Creek Rd.
Wells Creek Over-
3.29
1.54
1.83
2.44
.03171
.0317
.0317
.0317
.764
.360
.325
.507
load to E. K.
2.91
1.
5,40
12.01
Delay Time
Water-Transportation
Total Hauling Cost
'Forty percent reduction allotted for overloads.
Log D-ump
All
ent
48
2
1,650
5.0.0
Table XXIV
TOTAL HAULING COST FOR THE LITTLE MILL CREEK ROAD
VIA THE SMITH RIVER TO REEDSPORT, OREGON
Cost Item
Average
Haul
Round Trig Time
Total
Average
Unit
Unit Cost
per min.
Total
Cost
per
M.Bdrft.
Dollars Dollars
M.Bdd.ft.
Miles
Minutes
Minutes
2.68
1.83
8.80
6.69
22.19
1.01f
8.25
8.58
4.90
3.61
6.75
True Hauling
Mill Creek Road
Fern Top Road
Wassen Creek A
.03171
10.2!.0317
.704
.325
(iD Jet. of Wassen
Creek B)
Wassen Creek A
(to Vincent
Creek Road)
Vincent
Or, Rd.
Smith River
Access Rd.
All
4
Segments
Delay Time
Water Transportation
Total Haulier Cost
6.30
8'
.0317
.272
33.08.0317
1.049
22.74
.0317
.722
79.01
.0317
2.508
.9
8,342
lForty percent reduction allotted for overloads.
Table XXV
TOTAL HAULING COST FOR THE WARREN CREEK B ROAD
VIA THE SMITH RIVER TO REEDSPORT, OREGON
Cost Item
Average
Haul
Round Trip Time Unit Cost
Average
Unit
Total per min.
per
All
Segments
Delay Time
3.61
4
25.80
Cost
M.Bd.ftM.Bdrft-
Miles Minutes Minutes Dollars
Truck Hauling
Wassen Creek B
3.89
37.09
.03171'
9.53
Wassen Creek A
4.90
33.08.0317
6.75
Vincent Cr. Rd.
Smith River
Access Road
Total
6.30
22.74
.0317
4.82
79.01
.0117
Water Transportation
Total Hauling Cost
i-Forty percent reduction allotted for overloads.
Dollars
1.177
1.049
.722
2.50
118
Table XXVI
TOTAL HAULING COST FOR THE WASSEN CREEK C ROAD
VIA THE SMITH RIVER TO REEDSPORT, OREGON
Cost Item
ruck
H
ul ine
Wassen Creek C
Aver- Round Trip Time Unit Cost Totalage
per min.
Cost
Haul
Average
Total
per
per
Unit
M.Bd.ft. M.Bd.ft.
Miles Minutes Minutes Dollars Dollars
1.54
7.22
6.30
29.53
Wassen Creek B) 1.04
Wassen Creek A
8.25
8.58
Fern Top Road
Wassen Creek A
1+ 09
(to Jct. of
(to Vincent Cr.) 4.90
Vincent Cr. Rd.
Smith River
Access Road
All Segments
Delay Time
3.61
16.4
31.5
.03171
.936
.0317
.308
.0317
.272
6.75
6.30
33.08.0317
22.74
.0317
1.049
4.82
79.01
.0117
2.508
5.795
9.70
.722'
Water Transportation
Total Hauling Cost
Forty percent reduction allotted
for overloads.
Table XXVII
TOTAL HAULING COST FOR THE SOUTH WASSEN CREEK ROAD
VIA THE SMITH RIVER TO REEDSPORT, OREGON
Cost Item
True Hauling
South Wassen
Creek Road
Wassen Creek A
Aver- Round Trip Time Unit Cost Total
age
per mina
Cost
Haul
Average
Total
per
per
Unit
M.Bd ft. M.B t
Miles Minutes Minutes Dollars Dollars
4.29
.40
7.2
24.08
.03171
6.30
22.74
.0317
6. 8
Vincent Creek Rd. 3.61
Smith River
Agcgss Road
16.1+o
4.82
All Segments 11.01
Delay Time
Water Transportation
_._..
Total Hauling Cost
lForty percent reduction allotted for overloads.
--
.764
.960
.722
30.26.0317
7