Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
18/08/2010
FIRST YEAR
INTAKE 2010
ACADEMIC YEAR 2010/2011
15
Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
UNIT CODE: PHR 1101
18/08/2010
UNIT TITLE:
PHARMACY PRACTICE I
TYPE
Lectures, seminars, practicals and tutorials
NUMBER OF ECTS CREDITS: 8
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To provide a general idea of what medicines are, how medicines are presented and classified.
To highlight safe procedures for handling medicines.
To discuss safe and effective administration of medicines.
To expose the student to real-life situations encountered at the community pharmacy.
CONTENT
History of pharmacy
Introduction to pharmacy literature and medical information
Career opportunities in pharmacy
The pharmacy course
Medicine presentation and medicine administration
Treating medicines with respect: Occurrence of side effects and drug interactions,
pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting, drug product development in the
pharmaceutical industry
Community pharmacy practice
The community pharmacy
Dispensing prescriptions
Communication and counselling skills
Compliance and concordance
Diagnostic tests carried out in a community pharmacy
Medicines used in the treatment of: infections, cardiovascular disorders, hypertension, pain,
respiratory system disorders, ear, nose and throat disorders, disorders of the gastrointestinal
tract, skin disorders
Drugs affecting the Autonomic Nervous System
Medicine Action
Clinical Toxicology
Mathematical Principles of drug therapy
Use of reference books in pharmacy as a source of drug information
Research Methodology: References and bibliography
Participation at the yearly pharmacy symposium and discussion on the presentations
Practical experience in a community pharmacy: receiving of prescriptions and the dispensing
of medicines, recording prescriptions, experience in recording purchases of narcotic and
psychotropic drugs, the application of laws and regulations relating to community pharmacy,
application of accepted standards of professional conduct and practice, ordering, storage and
stock control of medicines, the supply of non-medical products.
ASSESSMENT
Assessment is aimed to evaluate students‟ knowledge and understanding of topics that form
the core of knowledge required for effective professional practice.
Part I Written Examination 95%:
A three-hour written paper:
Section A: 5 compulsory short questions (25 marks)
Section B: compulsory short questions (75 marks)
No marks will be allocated to partially correct answers.
Held at the end of the second semester after first year
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Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
18/08/2010
Log Book:
5%
The marks obtained
presented will be considered for the credit assessment.*
from
all
practice
sessions
RESULT
Percentage mark and grade
LECTURERS/DEMONSTRATORS
Lilian M. Azzopardi (Co-ordinator)
Alison Anastasi
Conrad Buttigieg Scicluna
Anthony Serracino Inglott
Louise Azzopardi
Maresca Pizzuto
GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR PHARMACY PRACTICE MODULE
Azzopardi L (ed). Lecture notes in pharmacy practice. 2009. London: Pharmaceutical
Press
The British National Formulary. Pharmaceutical Press: London. latest edn.
Medical Dictionary
Azzopardi, L. Validation instruments for community pharmacy: Pharmaceutical care for
the third millennium. 2000. Binghamton, USA: Pharmaceutical
Products Press.
Sweetman SC. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. London: Pharmaceutical
Press. Latest edition.
ASHP. Medication Teaching Manual: The Guide to Patient Information. Bethesda:
ASHP. latest edn
Monthly Index of Medical Specialties (MIMS) Haymarket Medical Ltd: London
(latest edn)
Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. Medicines, ethics and practice - a guide
for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. London: Pharmaceutical Press. latest ed.
Code of Ethics, Pharmacy Board, Malta.
ABPI: Data Sheet Compendium, Walker G. Datapharm Publication: UK (latest ed.)
Macarthur D. The growing influence of the pharmacist in Europe. 1995. London:
Financial Times Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Publishing.
Zayed, H, Manning, S. Primary Care: a profile of the major European Markets. 1995.
London: Financial Times Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Publishing.
READING LIST
Whalley BJ, Fletcher KE, Weston SM, Howard RL, Rawlinson CF. Foundation in Pharmacy
Practice, 2008. London: Pharmaceutical Press.
Waterfield J. Community Pharmacy Handbook. 2008. London: Pharmaceutical Press.
Harman RJ. Development and Control of Medicines and Medical Devices. 2004. London:
Pharmaceutical Press.
Henry JA. The new guide to medicines and drugs. London: British Medical Association.
Latest edition.
Blenkinsopp, A, Panton, R, Anderson, C. Health Promotion for pharmacists. Oxford:
Oxford University Press. 2002.
Mason, P. Locum Pharmacy. 2004. London: Pharmaceutical Press.
Tindall, WN, Beardsley, RS, KIMBERLIN CL. Communication skills in pharmacy practice.
1994. Pennsylvania: Lea & Febiger.
Burnard P. Counselling skills for health professionals. 1994. London: Chapman & Hall.
Kiley, R. Medical information on the internet: a guide for health professionals. London:
Churchill Livingstone. 2000.
Shargel L, Mutnick AH, Souney PF, Swanson LN. Comprehensive Pharmacy Review.
USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Latest Edition.
Alghabban A. Dictionary of Pharmacovigilane. 2004. London: Pharmaceutical Press.
Rees JA, Smith IA, Smith B. Introduction to Pharmaceutical Calculations 2005. London:
Pharmaceutical Press.
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Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
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Stuart A. Making Medicines: A brief history of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals. 2005.
London: Pharmaceutical Press.
Gard P. A Behavioural Approach to Pharmacy Practice. 2000. London: Blackwell Science.
*Refer to guidelines for Community Pharmacy Practice.
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Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
UNIT CODE:
PHR 1013
18/08/2010
UNIT TITLE:
SOCIAL ASPECTS OF
PHARMACY
TYPE
Lectures and seminars
NUMBER OF ECTS CREDITS: 2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To make students conscious of the compassionate needs of the patient especially of those
who need particular attention.
To give the student a basic understanding of the socio-legal aspects of pharmacy.
CONTENT
Effective communication studies
Body life and health
The concept of the human body and the embodied spirit
Moral view of the body and a bodily life
The meaning of bodily life
Responsibility for health
Rehabilitation: dreams lost, dreams found (psychological view)
The meaning of death
The health care profession and the moribund patient
Moral lights and duties of the health care professionals
Ordinary and extraordinary treatments
The health care professional‟s role following the patient‟s death
Legal aspects: introduction to legal terms, discussion of case-law
Social aspects: introduction to sociological terms, sociological meaning of “profession” and
“role”, sociology of medicine
Specific topics with legal and social implications: alcoholism, drug addiction, protection of
medical data, AIDS, hepatitis
ASSESSMENT
Two assignments carrying 50% of the total mark each.
RESULT
Percentage mark and grade
LECTURERS
Lilian M. Azzopardi (Co-ordinator)
Sandra Mifsud Bonnici
Anthony Serracino-Inglott
Lilian Wismayer
READING LIST
Laws of Malta for Pharmacy
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Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
UNIT CODE:
PHR 1102
18/08/2010
UNIT TITLE:
PHARMACEUTICAL
CHEMISTRY
TYPE
Lectures, Tutorials
NUMBER OF ECTS CREDITS: 10
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To understand:
the types of chemical and physical bonding and their relation to structure, shape and
reactivity of molecules
the basis of pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry by introducing the more important
mechanisms of organic reactions and the chemistry of functional groups and influence of
different moieties on molecular stability and detection
the 3-dimensional nature of organic molecules and the nomenclature of stereochemistry
in preparation for its application to drug design and its importance in biological activity
the chemistry of aromatic & heterocyclic compounds, carbohydrates, proteins ,
peptides, nucleotides and nucleic acids of special importance in pharmaceutical
chemistry
To provide knowledge and understanding of the principles and concepts of chemical
thermodynamics and chemical kinetics and their application to pharmacy
CONTENT
Consideration of the types of chemical bonding and their relationship to the structure and
shape of molecules
Physical bonding, inter-molecular and intra-molecular forces, donor-acceptor concepts,
complex formation
Stereochemistry of organic molecules
Introduction, including bond lengths and angles, constitution, configuration and confirmation
Optical isomerism including chirality
Geometric isomerism
Stereochemistry of reactions and conformations
The relevance of molecular geometry to biological activity
Projection formulae: Fischer, Newmann, sawhorse
Properties of organic compounds:
An introduction to the more important mechanisms of organic reactions and the influence of
electronic effects on their reactions (induction and mesmerism)
The chemistry of the functional groups and the influence of aliphatic, aromatic and
heterocyclic moieties, particularly with reference to molecular stability and detection
The chemistry of:
Polynuclear hydrocarbons such as naphthalene, anthracene etc.
The 5-membered and 6-membered heterocyclic aromatic compound e.g. furan, thiophen,
pyrrole, pyridine
The diazines and the triazines
The fused ring systems e.g. indoles, purines etc.
Carbohydrates: mono-, di- and polysaccharides
Amino acids, proteins, peptides
Nucleotides and nucleic acid
Fats and oils
The First, Second, Third Law of Thermodynamics
Thermochemistry: work and heat
Chemical Equilibrium: entropy, gases
Free energy relation between equilibrium constant and free energy change
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Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
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Equilibrium in solution
Order of reaction, 1st and 2nd order, rate constants, t1/2, drug stability studies, Arrhenius,
shelf-life
ASSESSMENT
Written Examination of 3 hours held at the end of the second semester after the first year of
the course.
RESULT
Percentage mark and grade
LECTURERS
Claire Shoemake (Co-ordinator)
Victor Ferrito
READING LIST
COTTON FA, WILKINSON G. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry - A comprehensive Text, 5th
r.e. Wiley John & Sons, Inc. 1988, ISBN 0-471-84997-9
HART H, HART DJ, CRAIN LE. Organic Chemistry - A Short Course,
9th r.e. Hougthon Mifflin Co., Boston, USA 1995, ISBN 0-395-70838-9
LEMKE TL. Review of Organic Functional Groups: Introduction to Medicinal Organic
Chemistry. 3rd r.e. Lea & Febiger 1991, ISBN 0-8121-1428-0
SYKES P. A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, 6th edn. Wiley John &
Sons, Inc. 1986, ISBN 0-470-20663-2
ATKINS. Physical Chemistry, 5th r.e., Oxford U.P., ISBN 0-198-55730-2
BARROW GM. Physical Chemistry, 5th edn. McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1988, ISBN 0-07-0039054. Solutions supplement, ISBN 0-07-003906-2
CHRISTIAN GD. Analytical Chemistry, 5th r.e. Wiley John & Sons, Inc. 1994, ISBN 0471-59761-9
Florence AT, Attwood D. Physicochemical Principles of Pharmacy. Chapman & Hall
1988, ISBN 0-412-01831-4
MARTIN AN, SWARBICK J, CAMMARATA A. Physical Chemistry, 3rd edn. Orbetter
Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia 1983
CLARKS. Isolation and Identification of Drugs. Pharmaceutical Press, London
SILVERSTEIN RM, BASSLER G. Spectrophotometric Identification of Organic
Compounds, 5th edn. Wiley John and Sons Inc., ISBN 0-471-63404-2
SKOOG DA, WEST DM, HOLLER JF. Analytical Chemistry: An Introduction, 5th edn.
Saunders College Publishing, ISBN 0-03-029924-1
BECKETT AH, STENLAKE JB. Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Part I & II, 4th edn.
Humanities Press International, Inc., ISBN 0-485-11323-6
The British Pharmacopoeia Vol. I & II. HMSO, ISBN 0-11-321543-6
The European Pharmacopoeia. The Pharmaceutical Press, London
CHRISTIAN GD. Analytical Chemistry, 5th edn. Wiley John & Sons, Inc.,
ISBN 0-471-59761-9
The Pharmaceutical Codex (incorporating The British Pharmaceutical Codex),
11th edn. The Pharmaceutical Press 1979, ISBN 0-85369-129-0
Ahuja S.
Pharmaceutical Analysis, Chromatography in Molecular Biology and
Biotechnology. Meyers R. ed. VCH publishers, New York
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Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
UNIT CODE:
PHR 1303
18/08/2010
UNIT TITLE:
PHARMACEUTICS I
TYPE
Lectures and practicals
NUMBER OF ECTS CREDITS: 8
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To introduce the student to the use of drugs to treat disease as well as to the dangers
emanating from the use of these materials by society. The importance of giving the
appropriate drug of the right quality at the right dose to the right patient at the right time will
be emphasised.
To expose the students to the physicochemical principles concerned with the properties of
the three states of matter, and interactions between these states. The knowledge of these
properties can then be applied when discussing various aspects of formulation of
pharmaceutical products.
To expose the students to the various types of dosage forms and to introduce the concept
and basic aspects of drug formulation.
To expose the students to the various aspects of powder behaviour during pharmaceutical
procedures such as powder particle size classification, size reduction, compressibility,
mixing and segregation.
To expose students to practical aspects of development, manufacture and distribution of
medicinal products.
CONTENT
Introduction to pharmaceutics
The use of drugs
The conversion of drugs into medicines
Therapeutic drugs, social drugs and drugs of abuse
Pharmacopoeia, Codex, Formulary and other books of reference
Weights, measures and calculations
Dosage Forms including packaging and labelling
Therapeutic effects, toxic effects, side effects
Methods of administration
The importance of physical properties of drug substances on their efficacy and safety
Basic aspects of formulations
Pharmaceutical physics
Solids, Liquids and Gases: Physical properties of these states of matter, the gas laws, the
liquid crystalline state.
Phase rule: the triphasic diagram of water, rules governing diphasic and triphasic mixtures of
partially miscible liquids, or liquids/solids
Interfacial phenomena: surface tension, zeta potential; their measurement and their
application to suspensions and emulsions.
Colloids: properties, types of detergents, micelle formation, critical micelle concentration
Basic principles of dissolution: Fick‟s laws
Rheology: Newton‟s relationship between force and displacement, Newtonian and nonNewtonian flow, thixotropy
Powders
Comminution: mechanisms of size reduction, grinding machines, validation of grinding
Classification of particle size: microscope method, sedimentation method, coulter counter,
sieving
Bulk properties of powders: factors effecting packing properties, static angle of repose,
dynamic angle of repose, flow meter, factors effecting flow rate, improving particle flow
Mixing: positive, negative and neutral mixing, perfect and random mix, economic time
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Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
18/08/2010
mixtures, mixing mechanisms, types of mixers
Segregation: factors promoting segregation, mechanisms of segregation, effect of mixing
time on segregation.
Pharmaceutical calculations: expressions of concentration, triturations, calculations relating
to dosage, conversions
Demonstration of application of principles of pharmaceutical physics in the areas of effect of
solute concentration on viscosity, investigation of partition coefficient, buffering of
pharmaceutical preparations, surface tension in pharmacy, three component phase
diagrams
Practical Sessions in the pharmaceutical industry
ASSESSMENT
Written Test of 2 hours.
RESULT
Percentage mark and grade
LECTURERS
Maurice Zarb Adami (Co-ordinator)
Edwina V Brejza
READING LIST
The British Pharmacopoeia Vols I & II. The Stationery Office.ISBN 0113222580.
Aulton, M. Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage Form Design. 2001. Churchill
Livingstone. ISBN 0443055173.
Collett, D., Aulton, M. Pharmaceutical Practice. 1998. Churchill Livingstone. ISBN
044305729X.
Martin, A., Bustamente, P., Chun A.H.C. Physical Pharmacy: Physical Chemical
Principles in the Pharmaceutical Sciences. 1993. Lea & Febiger. (4th edition). ISBN
0812114388.
th
ons, 11 Edition- Lippincott, Williams
and Wilkins, USA.
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Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
UNIT CODE: PHR 1500
18/08/2010
UNIT TITLE: CLINICAL TERMINOLOGY
TYPE:
Lectures, practicals and tutorials
NUMBER OF ECTS CREDITS: 2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To introduce students to patient care.
To help students to understand basic medical terminology.
To enable students to appreciate communication techniques with the patient.
To make it possible for students to adjust to the clinical environment.
CONTENTS
General introduction
Cardiovascular system 1
Cardiovascular system 2
Cardiovascular system 3
Cardiovascular system 4
Cardiovascular system 5
Respiratory system 1
Respiratory system 2
Gastrointestinal system
Hepatobiliary system
Nephrology system
Haematology system
Endocrinology system
Rheumatology system
Neurology system
Miscellaneous including infectious disease and psychiatry.
Practical Sessions at Clinical Sessions – Discussion of Case Studies
ASSESSMENT
Written test of 2 hours held at the end of the second semester.
RESULT
Percentage mark and grade
LECTURERS/DEMONSTRATORS
Anthony Serracino-Inglott (Co-ordinator)
Bernard Coleiro
Lilian M. Azzopardi
Angelo Psaila
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Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
UNIT CODE:
18/08/2010
PHR1120
UNIT TITLE:
PHARMACY SPECIAL
TOPICS I
TYPE
Practicals, Seminars, tutorials
NUMBER OF ECTS CREDITS:
2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
This study unit enables the student to identify the processes for design, drafting and
writing of scientific documents.
CONTENT
Literature review techniques
Accessing scientific documents and critical appraisal
Handling data
Report writing skills
ASSESSMENT
Identification of study areas – 10%
Critical appraisal of documents – 20%
Literature search – 20%
Collating the material in a methodical, scientific and evidence-based manner – 25%
Participation – 25%
RESULT
Percentage mark and grade
LECTURERS
Anthony Serracino Inglott (Co-ordinator)
Lilian M. Azzopardi
Lilian Wismayer
Maurice Zarb Adami
Kristen Zammit
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Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
UNIT CODE:
PHR 1026
18/08/2010
UNIT TITLE:
INTRODUCTION TO
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
TYPE
Lectures, tutorials, demonstrations
NUMBER OF ECTS CREDITS: 2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To introduce the basic concepts of medicinal chemistry
To lay the foundations that will be made in reference to over the next 3 years of the
Medicinal Chemistry Course.
To establish the principles of what makes organic molecules “drug-like”
CONTENT
Drug discovery by design – historical notions
Drug design – schematics
Combinatorial chemistry
Computer modeling techniques
Stereochemical consideration of lead compounds
Princaples of QSAR
The contribution of different functional to biological function
ASSESSMENT
Written test of 3 hours held at the end of the second semester.
RESULT
Percentage mark and grade
LECTURER
Claire Shoemake
READING LIST
nd
King FD, editor, Medicinal Chemistry Principles & Practice, 2 ed., Cambridge (UK),
The Royal Society of Chemistry 2002.
nd
Thomas G, Medicinal Chemistry An Introduction, 2 ed., West Sussex (UK), Wiley
2004.
nd
Patrick, GL, An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry, 2 ed., Oxford (UK) Oxford
University Press 2002.
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Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
UNIT CODE:
ANA 1003
18/08/2010
UNIT TITLE:
ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY
TYPE
Lectures
NUMBER OF ECTS CREDITS: 4
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To understand the basic concepts of histology
To apply them to the study of organs and systems
CONTENT
Anatomy content
Epithelial Tissues
Connective Tissues
Cartilage and Bone
Muscular Tissues
Nervous Tissues
Skin
Blood and Blood Vessels
Lymphatic System
Digestive System
Urinary System
Reproductive System
Basic Histology content
This one credit course will consist of seven 2-hour sessions and is designed to provide a
basic understanding of the structural organization of cells, tissues and organ systems at the
microscopic level. Emphasis will be given to the dynamic relationships between normal
structure and function, at cellular, tissue and organ level. To add interest to the course,
clinical relevance will be highlighted at various points during the course, especially where
this relates to abnormal structure at microscopic level.
ASSESSMENT
Written exam of 2 hours held at the end of the second semester.
RESULT
Percentage mark and grade
LECTURERS
Christian Camenzuli
Marylin Casha
READING LIST
Anatomy:
Ellis, Harold, Clinical Anatomy
Grant‟s Atlas of Anatomy.
Last, R.J. Anatomy
Histology:
Wheater ‟s Functional Histology A text & colour Atlas. Young, Lowe, Stevens, Heath.
Publisher: Churchill Livingstone; 5Rev Ed edition (31 Mar 2006) ISBN-10: 044306850X
A more advanced textbook, better intended for reference use is:
Basic Histology: text & atlas. Junqueira, Carneiro, Publisher: McGraw-Hill Publishing
Co.; 11Rev Ed edition (30 April 2005) ISBN-10: 0071440917
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Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
UNIT CODE:
18/08/2010
UNIT TITLE:
PHB 1041
PHYSIOLOGY
TYPE
Lectures
NUMBER OF ECTS CREDITS: 4
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To appreciate the scope of human physiology
To understand the fundamental concepts of organ function and interaction
To understand basic physiological homeostatic mechanisms
To appreciate the adaptations to stress and the environment
To study in some detail selected physiological functions more relevant to pharmacists
CONTENT
Cardiovascular physiology
Respiratory physiology
Renal physiology
Acid-base balance
Blood and the immune system
Gastrointestinal physiology
Endocrinology
Neuroscience
Bone, muscle, exercise
ASSESSMENT
Written test of two hours with 60 MCQs held at the end of the second semester.
RESULT
Percentage mark and grade
LECTURERS
Neville Vassallo (Co-ordinator)
Kirill Micallef -Stafrace
READING LIST
Main recommended:
□
th
Berne & Levy, Principles of Physiology. 4 edition (2005). Mosby Publishers.
Alternatives:
th
□ Stuart Ira Fox, Human Physiology. 9 edition (2005). McGraw-Hill.
th
□ Seeley, Stephens and Tate. Anatomy and Physiology. 6 edition (2006). Academic
Internet Publishers.
Supplementary/Reference:
th
□ Roitt et al. Roitt‟s Essential Immunology. 11 edition (2006). Blackwell Publishers.
□ Guyton & Hall. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 11th edition (2005). Saunders.
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Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
UNIT CODE:
PAT1322
18/08/2010
UNIT TITLE: GENERAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY I
TYPE: Lectures
NUMBER OF ECTS
CREDITS: 4
ASSESSMENT
Written, one paper, at the end of the 2
RESULT
Percentage mark and grade
LECTURERS
Prof Paul Cuschieri (Co-ordinator)
nd
semester
Dr. Christopher Barbara
Dr. A. McElhatton
Description
This study unit comprises
Introduction to Microbiology (Bacteriology) – Prof. Paul Cuschieri (PVC)
Introduction to Microbiology (Virology and Bacteriology) – Dr Christopher
Barbara (CB)
Introduction and Principles of Sterilisation and Disinfection - Dr Anna McElhatton (AM)
Lectures:
Introduction to Microbiology (Bacteriology):
Introduction to microbiology
Microscopical morphology
Basic microscopy
Principles of bacterial taxonomy
Organisation and structure of a „typical‟ bacterial cell
Intracellular organelles and storage granules - nature and functions
Structure of cell walls - clinical importance; sphaeroplasts and protoplasts clinical significance
Structure of murein – therapeutic implications, the basis of resistance in
MRSA
Endotoxins and exotoxins – production and use of toxoids in immunisation,
clinical applications
The structure and role of the cytoplasmic membrane
Bacterial capsules – structure, functions, roles in virulence
Pigmentation
Flagella
Common fimbriae and sex pili
Mutations, plasmids, transduction, transformation, transposons - therapeutic
implications
Bacterial spores - properties and biological importance
Introduction to Microbiology (Virology)
Viral morphology and laboratory diagnosis
Viral taxonomy
Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Rickettsia
Influenza viruses
HIV diagnostics
Rotavirus
Pox viruses
Blood-borne infections
Principles of Sterilisation and Disinfection:
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Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
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Introduction, definition of terms, basic concepts
Principles and methods of sterilisation; sterilisation controls
Principles of disinfection, classes of disinfectants, modes of
action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To deal with the principles of general microbiology, microbial structure, taxonomy,
growth, replication, and the laboratory examination of micro-organisms, including basic
virological techniques.
To expose the student to the theory on which common pharmaceutical microbiology
practice is based. The unit content will also provide the student with hands-on
experience on the theoretical aspects covered in the lectures.
Reading List
Recommended Textbooks:
th
Medical Microbiology and Infection, Tom Elliott et al, 4 Ed,
ISBN 1405129329, Blackwell
th
Medical Microbiology, David Greenwood et al, 11 Ed,
ISBN 0443102090, Churchill Livingstone
th
Pharmaceutical Microbiology, W.B. Hugo and A.D. Russell, 7 Ed, 2007
Introduction to Microbiology (Bacteriology):
Introduction to microbiology; differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells;
pathogenic and chemotherapeutic implications (2 lectures, PVC)
Microscopical morphology as seen in a Gram-stained smear, including cocci, rods,
filamentous bacteria, spirochaetes and spirilla (when relevant with regards to Gramstaining); commonly encountered bacteria in clinical, nursing, midwifery and
pharmaceutical situations (4 lectures, PVC)
Basic microscopy, the preparation and fixing of smears, direct and indirect staining
techniques, their value in clinical practice, simple description and significance of the
major staining methods and their clinical importance (3 lectures, PVC)
Principles of bacterial taxonomy – the three subdivisions including: nomenclature,
classification and identification (1 lecture, PVC)
Organisation and structure of a „typical‟ bacterial cell (1 lecture, PVC)
Intracellular organelles and storage granules – structure, nature and functions; the
basis of the selective properties of the antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis (1
lecture, PVC)
Structure of the cell walls of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; the role and
importance of the murein component with clinical and therapeutic implications;
sphaeroplasts and protoplasts – their clinical significance in relapsing infection with
appropriate chemotherapeutic solutions (1 lecture, PVC)
Structure of murein – therapeutic implications, the basis of resistance in MRSA (1
lecture, PVC)
Endotoxins and exotoxins – differences, significance and role in the virulence of
bacteria, relevant host-immune mechanisms, applications of our knowledge in the
production and use of toxoids in immunisation, clinical applications (1 lecture, PVC)
The structure and role of the cytoplasmic membrane, diffusion vs active transport;
mesosomes – structure and function, chemotherapeutic implications (1 lecture,
PVC)
Bacterial capsules and micro-capsules – structure, functions, roles in virulence,
visualisation; implications in immunity, immunisation and chemotherapy; appropriate
examples of common capsulated pathogenic organisms (2 lectures, PVC)
Pigmentation – examples and bacteriological/clinical significance (1 lecture, PVC)
Flagella – their nature, basic structure, functions and arrangement; significance and
role in survival of bacteria; clinical implications (1 lecture, PVC)
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Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
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Common fimbriae and sex pili – differences in structure and function, their roles in
virulence and bacterial conjugation, clinical and chemotherapeutic implications (2
lectures, PVC)
Mutations, plasmids, the transfer of genetic information by transduction and
transformation, transposons; evolutionary, clinical, virulence and chemotherapeutic
implications (2 lectures, PVC)
Bacterial spores – Biological importance; properties including basic structure,
microscopical visualisation, significance in high level disinfection and heat
sterilisation; clinical implications with appropriate examples of common/dangerous
pathogens and infections caused by them; the use of the hyperbaric chamber in the
management of clostridial gas gangrene; their uses as biological controls for heat,
ionising radiation and chemical processes for sterilisation of surgical instruments,
diposables etc in industry, hospitals/clinics and laboratories (2 lectures, PVC)
Introduction to Microbiology (Virology)
Viral morphology and laboratory diagnosis (1 lecture, CB)
Viral taxonomy (1 lecture, CB)
Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Rickettsia (1 lecture, CB)
Influenza viruses (1 lecture, CB)
HIV diagnostics (1 lecture, CB)
Rotavirus (1 lecture, CB)
Pox viruses (1 lecture, CB)
Blood-borne infections (1 lecture, CB)
Principles of Sterilisation and Disinfection:
Introduction, definition of terms, basic concepts (5 lectures, AM)
Principles and methods of sterilisation; sterilisation controls (5 lectures, AM)
Principles of disinfection, classes of disinfectants, modes of action (5 lectures, AM)
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Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
UNIT CODE:
PHR 1202
18/08/2010
UNIT TITLE:
PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS
& CALCULATIONS
TYPE
Lectures, Tutorials
NUMBER OF ECTS CREDITS: 2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To provide knowledge and understanding of the principles and objectives of pharmaceutical
analysis together with consideration of the fundamentals of measurement and separation
science and of general theory of quantitative analysis emphasising concepts of accuracy
and precision.
To expose the student to the principles of pharmaceutical calculations as applied to drug
delivery and formulation.
CONTENT
Data Handling:
Accuracy and precision; determinate and indeterminate errors; reproducibility and
repeatability; propagation of errors and their calculations; confidence limits; confidence
levels; control charts; validation of analytical methods; null hypothesis; sample and
population parameters; the t- and F tests; rejection of results; regression analysis.
Theory of acids and bases:
Dissociation constants of weak acids and bases; calculation of theoretical titration curves of
strong acid versus strong base, weak acid versus strong base, and weak base versus strong
acid; hydrolysis of salts; buffers and calculations involved in the preparation of buffers;
theory of indicators; choice of indicators.
Wet methods of analysis:
Principles of volumetric and gravimetric analysis; calculations involved in the preparation of
stock and standard solutions and dilutions; solubility and solubility product; ionic product;
common ion effect and precipitation.
Chromatography:
Basic principles of chromatography; mechanisms involved in separation; thin layer
chromatography; column chromatography; gas liquid chromatography (GLC) ; high
performance chromatography (HPLC); dead volume; retention times; net retention times;
capacity factor; resolution; Number of theoretical Plates; Height equivalent of theoretical
plate; band broadening and factors affecting band width; capillary columns; flow cells.
ASSESSMENT
Written test of 2 hours.
RESULT
Percentage mark and grade
LECTURERS
Maurice Zarb Adami (Co-Ordinator)
Victor Ferrito
32
Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
18/08/2010
READING LIST
COTTON FA, WILKINSON G. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry - A comprehensive Text, 5th
r.e. Wiley John & Sons, Inc. 1988, ISBN 0-471-84997-9
BARROW GM. Physical Chemistry, 5th edn. McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1988, ISBN 0-07-0039054. Solutions supplement, ISBN 0-07-003906-2
CHRISTIAN GD. Analytical Chemistry, 5th r.e. Wiley John & Sons, Inc. 1994, ISBN 0471-59761-9
Florence AT, Attwood D. Physicochemical Principles of Pharmacy. Chapman & Hall
1988, ISBN 0-412-01831-4
MARTIN AN, SWARBICK J, CAMMARATA A. Physical Chemistry, 3rd edn. Orbetter
Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia 1983
SILVERSTEIN RM, BASSLER G. Spectrophotometric Identification of Organic
Compounds, 5th edn. Wiley John and Sons Inc., ISBN 0-471-63404-2
SKOOG DA, WEST DM, HOLLER JF. Analytical Chemistry: An Introduction, 5th edn.
Saunders College Publishing, ISBN 0-03-029924-1
BECKETT AH, STENLAKE JB. Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Part I & II, 4th edn.
Humanities Press International, Inc., ISBN 0-485-11323-6
CHRISTIAN GD. Analytical Chemistry, 5th edn. Wiley John & Sons, Inc.,
ISBN 0-471-59761-9
AHUJA S. Pharmaceutical Analysis, Chromatography in Molecular Biology and
Biotechnology. Meyers R. ed. VCH publishers, New York
PRICHARD E. Selecting the Method, Selecting the Equipment
and Consumables in Quality Control in the Analytical Laboratory. John Wiley & Sons,
Chichester (1997)
FELTKAMP H. Trends in Drug Analysis - An Overview. Topics in Pharmaceutical
Sciences. Breimer et al, eds. FIP, The Hague (1989)
33
Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
UNIT CODE:
SOR 0210
18/08/2010
UNIT TITLE:
DATA TREATMENT AND
PROBABILITY
TYPE
Lectures
NUMBER OF ECTS CREDITS: 2
CONTENTS
 Basic Ideas on Treatment of Data
 Types of Data
 Data collection
 Coding and Sorting of Data
 Presentation of Data
 Descriptive Statistics
 Frequency Tables and Percentiles
 Measures of Central Tendency
 Measures of Dispersion
 Elementary Probability
 Permutations and Combinations
 Venn Diagrams and Simple Applications
 Addition and Multiplication Rules
 Conditional Probability
 Mutually Exclusive and Independent Events
 Probability Distributions
 Discrete Distributions: Uniform, Poisson, Binomial
 Continuous Distributions: Exponential, Normal
 Means, Variances and Standard Deviations
Suitable arrangements will be made for time and space to be allocated to the instruction and
use in practice of elementary modules in statistical software, time and human resources
permitting. The package/s, which will be used, would preferably form part of some widely
used software like readily available spreadsheet applications.
ASSESSMENT
Written test of 1.5 hours held at the end of the course work.
LECTURERS
Various
READING LIST:
□ Freund, J. E. and Simon, G. A. (1995) Statistics – A First Course, Prentice Hall Inc.
□ Speigel, M. R. (1979) Schaum’s Outline Series: Theory & Problems of Statistics –
McGraw-Hill
□ Sander, D. (1995) Statistics - A First Course – McGraw-Hill
□ Freund, J. E. and Simon, G. A. (1997) Modern Elementary Statistics, Prentice Hall Inc.
□ Rees, D.G. (1989) Essential Statistics – 2nd Edition, Chapman and Hall
□ Freund, J. E. (1981) Statistics – A First Course – 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall Inc.
□ Johnson, R. (1981) Elementary Statistics – 4th Edition, Duxbury Press Boston
□ Harper, W.M. (1991) Statistics – 5th Edition, M and E Handbook Series
□ Gilbert, N. (1988) Statistics – 2nd Edition, Saunders College Publisher
34
Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
18/08/2010
J.A. Ingram (1977) Elementary Statistics, Cummings Publishing Co.
Alastair, C. and Wardlaw (1999) Practical Statistics for experimental Biologists - 2nd
Edition, Wiley
Campbell, R.C. (1989) Statistics for Biologists - 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press
Newbold, P. (1995) Statistics for Business and Economics - 4th Edition,, Prentice Hall
Inc.
Barrow, M. (2001) Statistics for Economics, Accounting and Business Studies, Financial
Times Prentice Hall Inc.
Knapp, R. G. (1984) Basic Statistics for Nurses - 2nd Edition, Delmar
Finkelstein, M. and Levin, B. (2001) Statistics for Lawyers - 2nd Edition, Springer
35
Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
UNIT CODE:
MAT1951
Lecturer:
Follows from:
Credit value:
Lectures:
Tutorials:
Semester:
Ms. G. Galea
O-Level
2
10
4
1
•
•
•
•
18/08/2010
UNIT TITLE: Elementary Calculus I
Cartesian coordinates;
Equations of lines and curves;
Coordinate geometry of the circle;
Differentiation.
Method of Assessment: Examination 100%, Duration 1½ hours
Textbooks
• Bostock L. and Chandler S., The Core Course for A-Level, Stanley Thornes, The Bath
Press, Avon, 1990.
• Shepperd J.A.H. and Shepperd C.J., Pure Maths for A level, Hodder & Stoughton, 1983.
36
Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
UNIT CODE: MAT1952
Lecturer:
Follows from:
Credit value:
Lectures:
Tutorials:
Semester:
18/08/2010
UNIT TITLE: Elementary Calculus II
Ms. G. Galea
MAT1951
2
10
4
2
• Further differentiation;
• Partial differentiation;
• Integration and applications.
Method of Assessment: Examination 100%, Duration 1½ hours
Textbooks
• Bostock L. and Chandler S., The Core Course for A-Level, Stanley Thornes, The Bath
Press, Avon, 1990.
• Shepperd J.A.H. and Shepperd C.J., Pure Maths for A level, Hodder & Stoughton, 1983.
37
Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
UNIT CODE:
CIS 1004
18/08/2010
UNIT TITLE:
COMPUTING FOR CHEMISTS
& PHARMACISTS
TYPE
Lectures
NUMBER OF ECTS CREDITS: 4
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The aim of this unit is to give students the opportunity to gain practical experience in the use
of word processors, spreadsheets, presentation software, basic web-page design and
databases in a normal office environment, also including a basic introduction to computer
terminology like computer definition terms.
CONTENT
Concepts presented will be those of using word-processing tools to create scientific reports.
Use of presentation tools and presentation concepts by displaying suitable data., equations
and formulae.
Use of spreadsheets to represent data tables, equations, formulae and data manipulation
techniques, calculations and row operations. Use of spreadsheets for basic statistics
processing like regression analysis, standard deviation least squares method, curve fitting,
correlation theory production of graphs for scientific data analysis etc.
Basic data embedding concepts like OLE, DDE and their practical use, basic data exchange
between different products. Introduction to databases and their use for scientific information
storage access.
ASSESSMENT
Written test of 2.5 hours
Assignment
80%
20%
RESULT
Percentage mark and grade
LECTURER
Tony Spiteri Staines
READING LIST
Robert T. Grauer, Maryann Barber Exploring Microsoft Office Professional 2000 Volume
1 Spiral-bound Prentice Hall; ISBN: 0130111090
Gini Courter, Annette Marquis Mastering MS-Office 2000 Professional Edition ISBN:
B0000667GA
38
Course Catalogue Year 2010-2011
UNIT CODE:
SOR 0220*
18/08/2010
UNIT TITLE:
ELEMENTARY STATISTICAL
THEORY
TYPE
Lectures
NUMBER OF ECTS CREDITS: 2




Sampling
 Populations and Samples
 Selection of a Sample
 Sampling Schemes and Designs: simple random, systematic, stratified, cluster and
non-probability sampling
Estimation
 Estimators
 Sample Mean, Proportion and Variance
 Sampling Distributions
 Sample size
 Confidence Intervals
Hypothesis Testing
 Introduction
 Tests on means, proportions, difference of means and difference of proportions of
large samples
 Contingency Tables
Correlation and Regression
 Linear Regression
 Correlation
There will be time dedicated to the use of statistical software, preferably as part of some
widely used software like the Excel Spreadsheet package, with reference to the material
above.
ASSESSMENT:
Test of 1.5 hours held at the end of the second semester.
LECTURERS:
Various
READING LIST:
□ Freund, J. E. and Simon, G. A. (1995) Statistics – A First Course, Prentice Hall Inc.
□ Speigel, M. R. (1979) Schaum’s Outline Series: Theory & Problems of Statistics –
McGraw-Hill
□ Sander, D. (1995) Statistics - A First Course – McGraw-Hill
□ Freund, J. E. and Simon, G. A. (1997) Modern Elementary Statistics, Prentice Hall Inc.
□ Wardlaw, A. C. (1999) Practical Statistics for Experimental Biologists - 2nd Edition,
Wiley
□ Campbell, R. C. (1989) Statistics for Biologists - 3rd Edition, Cambridge University
Press
□ Newbold, P. (1995) Statistics for Business and Economics - 4th Edition, Prentice Hall
Inc.
□ Barrow, M. (2001) Statistics for Economics, Accounting and Business Studies, Financial
Times Prentice Hall Inc.
□ Knapp, R. G. (1984) Basic Statistics for Nurses - 2nd Edition, Delmar
□ Finkelstein, M. and Levin, B. (2001) Statistics for Lawyers - 2nd Edition, Springer
* Pre-requisite: SOR 0210 or equivalent.
39