This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
SPRING OAT
VARIETIES
FOR KANSAS
CN
RA
DC
NT
PL
SM
JW
RP
OB
MC
CD
RS
LC
WS
MS
NM
BR
▲ DO
SH
TH
SD
GH
RO
★▲
WA
LG
GO
TR
EL
WH
SC
LE
NS
RH
DK
FI
★
GY
ST
MT
GT
SV
PN
HG
ED
FO
HS
SW ME
SF
▲ RN
KW
CA
CM
★
PR
BA
▲ dryland
GE
MR
MP
RC
KE
▲
SA
BT
▲
HM
RL PT
OT
EW
GL
CY
▲
MN
WB
HV ▲ BU
SG
AT
JF
LV
DG
JO
FR
MI
CF
AN
LI
WO
AL
BB
WL
NO
CR
MG
LB
CK
LY
GW
▲
EK
SU
CL
CQ
WY
SN
OS
CS
KM
HP
JA
▲
★ irrigated
Report of Progress 806
Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION
Spring oats in Kansas ................................................................................................................. 1
Figure 1. Kansas crop acreage...................................................................................... 1
Historical acreage and yield........................................................................................................ 1
Figure 2. Historical acres and yields of spring oats........................................................ 1
OAT VARIETIES
Choosing the right variety ........................................................................................................... 1
Table 1. Comparisons of oat varieties ........................................................................... 2
Oat performance tests ................................................................................................................ 2
Performance test summaries ...................................................................................................... 2
Figure 3. STATEWIDE.................................................................................................. 8
Figure 4. NORTHEAST (Powhattan and Manhattan) ..................................................... 3
Figure 5. SOUTHEAST (Ottawa and Parsons) .............................................................. 4
Figure 6. SOUTH CENTRAL (Hesston and Hutchinson)................................................ 5
Figure 7. WEST, NONIRRIGATED (St. John, Colby, and Tribune)................................ 6
Figure 8. WEST, IRRIGATED (St. John, Colby, and Garden City).................................. 7
CONTRIBUTORS .................................................................................................................... back cover
Contribution No. 98-326-S from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station
-i-
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
SPRING OAT VARIETIES FOR KANSAS
INTRODUCTION
Spring oats in Kansas
Historical acreage and yield
Although not a major cash crop in Kansas, spring oats
can be important as a feed grain for balancing animal
rations, as a source of highly nutritious forage, as an
intermediate crop when changing crop rotations, or
occasionally as a food crop when and where such a
th
market is available. Spring oat acreage ranked 6
behind wheat, sorghum, corn, soybeans, and
sunflowers in 1997, with 130,000 acres representing
less than 1% of the total crop acres (Figure 1). Nearly
62% of the oat acres were harvested for grain; the
remainder were abandoned, grazed, or harvested for
forage. (Kansas Agricultural Statistics)
Historically, oats have been an important crop in
Kansas. Figure 2 shows that oat acreage grew
steadily as the state was settled in the last half of the
1800s, peaking at over 1.6 million acres during the
early 1900s. Acreage declined steadily during the
1950s and 1960s, leveling off at around 200,000 acres
in the 1970s. State average yield followed nearly an
opposite pattern, starting at over 30 bushels per acre
in the 1860s and dropping to around 25 bushels per
acre in the first part of the 1900s where it stayed until
the 1950s. Since then, average yield has increased to
over 50 bushels per acre in the 1990s. (Kansas
Agricultural Statistics)
30
20
Acres
Wheat
49%
Yield
10
Yield (bushels/acre)
40
1990s
1980s
1970s
1960s
1950s
1940s
1930s
1920s
1910s
1900s
0
1860s
Sorghum
16%
50
1890s
Other
0.41%
60
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1880s
Corn
12%
Sunflow ers
1%
Oats
0.55%
1870s
Soybeans
10%
Planted acres (1,000s)
Hay
11%
Decade
Figure 2. Historical acres and yields of spring oats.
Figure 1. Kansas crop acreage.
OAT VARIETIES
Choosing the right variety
Achieving adequate grain yields requires selecting
varieties adapted to the Kansas environment. Yieldlimiting factors that must be considered include
potentially high temperatures and low moisture
availability during the grain-filling period; diseases
such as barley yellow dwarf virus, crown rust, and
stem rust; and summer storms and fertility situations
that might result in lodging. Selecting varieties that
are equipped to perform reliably under these
conditions requires information. K-State Research
and Extension attempts to obtain, generate, and
disseminate that information in a variety of ways.
specifically adapted varieties, most spring oat
varieties grown in the state originate in surrounding
states. Crop specialists examine maturity, disease
resistance, and yield-potential information from the
originating states. Early-maturing varieties with good
test weights and adequate disease resistance are
included in Kansas performance tests at locations
around the state.
Table 1 summarizes information from a number of
sources including originating states, Kansas
performance tests, and field observations. It is a
consolidation of observations by agronomists, plant
pathologists, and others over many years and
locations.
With no commercial or university oat variety
development programs located in Kansas to provide
-1-
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Table 1. Comparisons of oat varieties
1
2
Relative
Variety
Origin
Armor
Bates
Bay
Belle
Blaze*
Brawn
Chairman*
Chaps*
Dane
Don
Eli*
Ensiler*
Gem
Hazel
Horicon
Hy-Test*
INO9201*
Jerry*
Jim*
Larry
Lyon*
Milton*
Moore*
Ogle
Prairie
Premier
Rio Grande*
Rodeo*
Russell*
Settler
Starter
Troy*
Webster*
Ohio
Missouri
Wisconsin
Wisconsin
Illinois
Illinois
Ohio
Illinois
Wisconsin
Illinois
McCurdy Seeds
Wisconsin
Wisconsin
Illinois
Wisconsin
South Dakota
Indiana
North Dakota
Minnesota
Illinois
Minnesota
Minnesota
Minnesota
Illinois
Wisconsin
Minnesota
Idaho
Illinois
Canada
South Dakota
Minnesota
South Dakota
Iowa
Resistance or tolerance to:
Year
released
Yield
Maturity
Test
weight
Straw
strength
1991
1977
1993
1995
1997
1993
1996
1997
1990
1985
~1980
1990
1996
1985
1989
1986
1992
1994
1996
1980
1978
1994
1980
1980
1992
1990
1989
1996
1960
1989
1985
1991
1984
5
2
6
9
2
2
5
2
7
4
9
9
3
8
7
9
2
2
4
8
9
2
9
4
4
7
2
2
7
7
9
3
8
7
1
9
9
7
6
3
4
2
2
5
9
8
4
5
4
5
5
3
3
6
9
6
5
7
5
8
7
9
6
2
9
1
4
2
6
2
3
4
4
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
1
3
2
2
3
7
3
7
4
5
2
6
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
6
3
3
-5
4
-3
7
7
3
5
4
4
3
---6
5
-5
4
5
6
---6
7
---
3
BYDV
I
I
MR
I
-I
--I
I
-I
MR
I
I
S
--MR
S
S
I
-MR
MR
I
---I
I
I
S
Crown
rust
Stem
rust
Loose
smut
--S
R
-I
--I
--I
R
S
I
---I
--I
-S
S
S
-----R
--
--S
I
----I
--I
R
S
I
---I
--I
-S
I
S
-----R
--
--I
R
----R
--R
S
S
R
------I
-S
I
R
-----R
--
1
Varieties rated on scale of 1 - 9; 1 = best or earliest, 9 = poorest or latest. – indicates variety not adequately tested or information not available.
R = Resistant, MR = Moderately Resistant, I = Intermediate, S = Susceptible; ratings provided by Bob Bowden.
All ratings are experts’ best estimates based on information and observations from several sources.
3
BYDV = Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus.
* Ratings for these varieties are based on limited information, often only 1 or 2 years and / or few locations.
2
Oat performance tests
The Kansas oat performance tests are designed to
evaluate oat varieties in several environments using
recommended production practices. Varieties are
evaluated for yield, test weight, maturity, height, and
other characters that may arise in a given season.
Yield often integrates a number of factors that affect
the potential performance of a variety. However, yield
may not tell the entire story. For instance, a variety
may yield well in a year with a cool, wet summer but
be unsuited for Kansas in most years. Using a
number of years of yield information minimizes the
possibility of choosing an unsuitable variety based on
performance under unusual circumstances.
Collecting other information about a variety in addition
to yield provides a more complete picture of its
potential performance. Bloom date is a consistent
-2-
trait that indicates the relative maturity of a variety
and its potential for maturing early enough to fill grain
before the hot, dry conditions of summer. Test weight
helps evaluate the ability of a variety to fill seed under
harsh summer conditions and often is related closely
to maturity. It also may indicate the density of the
grain and its ability to “pack” into a certain volume.
Height is another consistent trait that often is related
to maturity. Shorter varieties may be early-maturing
and able to produce and fill grain before temperature
and moisture stresses become extreme. Taller
varieties tend to mature later and are usually better
adapted to the northern states.
Performance test summaries
In figures 3-8, varieties are compared to two wellknown, check varieties, Don and Ogle, based on test
results from 1988 - 1997. Figure 3 presents a
statewide summarization that integrates performance
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
over all testing sites in Kansas. This provides
information on the ability of a variety to perform over
a wide range of conditions. It may be especially
useful for producers located far from any of the testing
sites or with conditions that are quite different from
any one testing site. Figures 4-8 present test
summaries by growing region to reflect the slightly
different environments each region offers. These
figures reveal the specific suitability of some varieties
to certain areas of Kansas.
Check average = 72 bu/a
40
11
56
23
Prairie
c-Ogle
c-Don
Armor
Bay
Dane
Settler
61
61
71
77
11
70
Starter
78
Belle
78
Larry
28
Hazel
11
Horicon
78
Premier
28
Gem
Y ie ld
Bates
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
-1 0
-1 2
-1 4
-1 6
Brawn
bushels / acre
Figure 3. Kansas oat variety performance summary - STATEWIDE
1988 - 1997 Oat Performance Tests
28
11
Check average = 32 lb/bu
1
0
-1
T e s t w e ig h t
61
11
78
78
70
23
11
77
71
61
56
78
28
40
Bates
c-Don
Starter
Settler
Gem
Larry
Hazel
Horicon
Dane
c-Ogle
Brawn
Armor
-3
Belle
-2
Premier
pounds / bushel
2
Prairie
Bay
40
28
11
11
11
Armor
Prairie
Gem
Belle
Bay
-4
-4
Check average = May 26
-2
days
0
2
H e a d in g d a te
4
73
54
73
66
72
66
57
73
57
28
22
Dane
c-Don
Starter
Larry
Hazel
Premier
c-Ogle
Horicon
Brawn
Settler
8
Bates
6
10
Check average = 34 in.
2
1
12
22
38
12
54
70
54
70
63
28
49
70
12
69
64
28
Armor
Belle
Horicon
c-Ogle
Premier
Bates
Starter
Prairie
Dane
c-Don
Bay
Larry
Hazel
Brawn
H e ig h t
Settler
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
Gem
inches
4
3
Bars represent differences between variety and average of check varieties (c) in actual test comparisons.
Values in boxes show the numbers of comparisons of that variety with check varieties for that trait.
-3-
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Figure 4. Kansas oat variety performance summary - NORTHEAST
1988 - 1997 Powhattan and Manhattan Oat Performance Tests
5
-5
Y ie ld
-1 0
10
12
6
Prairie
c-Ogle
Armor
Dane
Bates
Settler
12
12
10
10
10
Starter
7
Horicon
12
Premier
6
Larry
6
Hazel
12
Brawn
-1 5
c-Don
bushels / acre
Check average = 79 bu/a
0
6
6
-2 0
Check average = 34 lb/bu
1
0
-1
T e s t w e ig h t
-2
10
12
12
10
6
12
12
10
12
Bates
c-Don
Starter
Settler
Hazel
Larry
Horicon
c-Ogle
-3
Premier
pounds / bushel
2
7
10
Prairie
Brawn
Dane
Armor
-4
-4
Check average = May 27
-2
days
0
2
4
H e a d in g d a te
13
11
11
13
7
3
Starter
c-Don
Larry
Hazel
Horicon
Premier
c-Ogle
Brawn
Gem
6
7
3
8
3
Bay
13
Armor
13
Belle
11
Prairie
13
Settler
11
Bates
8
Dane
6
10
3
3
5
7
9
10
10
9
9
8
6
10
3
10
10
6
Settler
Armor
Horicon
c-Ogle
Bates
Premier
Dane
Starter
Prairie
c-Don
Bay
Hazel
Larry
Brawn
H e ig h t
Gem
1
0
-1
-2
-3
Check average = 36 in.
Belle
inches
4
3
2
-4
Bars represent differences between variety and average of check varieties (c) in actual test comparisons.
Values in boxes show the numbers of comparisons of that variety with check varieties for that trait.
-4-
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Check average = 57 bu/a
14
10
14
4
14
10
10
13
14
14
4
4
7
Larry
Starter
Armor
Hazel
Premier
14
Settler
c-Don
13
Brawn
Prairie
4
Horicon
Brawn
10
c-Ogle
Bates
14
Larry
7
Hazel
10
Dane
14
Horicon
4
Starter
4
Settler
14
c-Don
10
Premier
14
Dane
Y ie ld
c-Ogle
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
-1 0
-1 2
-1 4
Bates
bushels / acre
Figure 5. Kansas oat variety performance summary - SOUTHEAST
1988 - 1997 Ottawa and Parsons Oat Performance Tests
pounds / bushel
3
2
Check average = 29 lb/bu
1
0
-1
T e s t w e ig h t
-2
-3
Prairie
Armor
4
4
7
4
Settler
Armor
Prairie
-2
-1
Brawn
-4
Check average = May 25
days
0
1
2
3
H e a d in g d a te
13
13
10
13
13
10
12
13
10
Bates
Dane
Starter
Larry
Premier
Hazel
c-Ogle
Horicon
5
c-Don
4
6
2
Check average = 34 in.
0
-1
Horicon
c-Ogle
Bates
Prairie
9
9
13
13
4
13
12
Hazel
4
Larry
13
Brawn
13
c-Don
9
Starter
4
Dane
7
Settler
-3
Premier
H e ig h t
-2
Armor
inches
1
-4
Bars represent differences between variety and average of check varieties (c) in actual test comparisons.
Values in boxes show the numbers of comparisons of that variety with check varieties for that trait.
-5-
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Figure 6. Kansas oat variety performance summary - SOUTH CENTRAL
1988 - 1997 Hesston and Hutchinson Oat Performance Tests
10
Check average = 63 bu/a
0
-5
-1 0
Y ie ld
9
9
5
20
20
20
11
16
6
16
20
Brawn
Prairie
Gem
Bates
c-Ogle
c-Don
Armor
Horicon
Settler
Premier
Hazel
-2 0
15
20
5
18
5
3
Starter
-1 5
Bay
bushels / acre
5
Belle
Lyon
11
9
3
5
Dane
c-Ogle
Armor
Prairie
Larry
20
Dane
15
Check average = 32 lb/bu
16
9
5
Premier
Settler
Starter
Hazel
Larry
Horicon
Brawn
Gem
Bay
20
6
11
9
5
5
5
Bay
20
Lyon
18
Belle
6
Gem
16
Prairie
20
Armor
20
Settler
5
c-Don
T e s t w e ig h t
Bates
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
Belle
pounds / bushel
-2 5
-4
Check average = May 25
-2
days
0
2
H e a d in g d a te
4
20
15
20
18
20
3
20
9
16
20
16
Dane
c-Don
Starter
Larry
Lyon
Hazel
Brawn
Horicon
c-Ogle
Premier
8
Bates
6
Check average = 35 in.
Premier
Horicon
Bates
c-Ogle
5
15
9
20
5
20
20
9
Brawn
Armor
18
Hazel
20
Larry
20
Bay
16
c-Don
16
Prairie
11
Dane
3
Belle
6
Starter
5
Lyon
H e ig h t
Settler
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
Gem
inches
10
Bars represent differences between variety and average of check varieties (c) in actual test comparisons.
Values in boxes show the numbers of comparisons of that variety with check varieties for that trait.
-6-
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Figure 7. Kansas oat variety performance summary - WEST, NONIRRIGATED
1988 - 1997 St. John, Colby, and Tribune Oat Performance Tests
bushels / acre
10
5
Check average = 69 bu/a
0
-5
Y ie ld
14
5
14
7
14
11
Prairie
c-Ogle
Brawn
c-Don
Armor
Larry
Premier
12
11
9
12
4
Dane
5
Horicon
14
Bates
-1 0
Starter
Settler
12
5
7
5
Hazel
Prairie
Hazel
14
c-Ogle
-1 5
2
Check average = 34 lb/bu
1
0
-1
T e s t w e ig h t
11
14
12
14
4
14
9
11
Bates
Starter
c-Don
Settler
Larry
Dane
Horicon
-2
Premier
pounds / bushel
3
Armor
Brawn
5
4
5
7
Brawn
Settler
Prairie
Armor
-3
-2
Check average = May 26
-1
days
0
1
H e a d in g d a te
2
8
12
12
10
12
10
9
12
9
Bates
c-Don
Starter
Larry
Hazel
Premier
c-Ogle
Horicon
4
Dane
3
5
4
3
Check average = 31 in.
1
0
-1
Horicon
Prairie
c-Ogle
Premier
11
13
8
13
11
13
5
Brawn
10
Larry
13
Hazel
5
c-Don
10
Dane
7
Bates
4
Armor
-3
Starter
H e ig h t
-2
Settler
inches
2
-4
Bars represent differences between variety and average of check varieties (c) in actual test comparisons.
Values in boxes show the numbers of comparisons of that variety with check varieties for that trait.
-7-
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Check average = 91 bu/a
4
18
14
14
Brawn
Prairie
c-Ogle
Premier
Horicon
14
12
17
16
Starter
4
Larry
8
Dane
18
Hazel
18
Armor
Y ie ld
c-Don
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
-1 0
-1 2
-1 4
-1 6
Bates
bushels / acre
Figure 8. Kansas oat variety performance summary - WEST, IRRIGATED
1988 - 1997 St. John, Colby, and Garden City Oat Performance Tests
2
Check average = 32 lb/bu
1
0
T e s t w e ig h t
-1
17
14
8
14
c-Don
Starter
Larry
Horicon
Armor
Hazel
18
12
4
4
Prairie
16
Brawn
18
Dane
18
c-Ogle
14
Bates
-2
Premier
pounds / bushel
3
-3
-2
-1
0
Check average = May 28
1
2
3
14
11
11
11
Starter
c-Don
Larry
Hazel
Premier
Horicon
15
3
7
3
Prairie
15
Armor
14
Brawn
15
c-Ogle
10
Bates
4
5
H e a d in g d a te
Dane
days
-3
3
2
Check average = 35 in.
0
-1
H e ig h t
6
10
14
10
14
13
4
14
8
11
13
4
Bates
Premier
c-Ogle
Starter
Prairie
c-Don
Dane
Hazel
Larry
Brawn
-3
Horicon
-2
Armor
inches
1
-4
Bars represent differences between variety and average of check varieties (c) in actual test comparisons.
Values in boxes show the numbers of comparisons of that variety with check varieties for that trait.
-8-
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
has been archived. Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
CONTRIBUTORS
MAIN STATION, MANHAT TAN
Kraig Roozeboom, Associate Agronomist (Senior Author)
Robert Bowden, Extension Plant Pathologist
James Shroyer, Extension Agronomist
RESEARCH CENTERS
Patrick Evans, Colby
James Long, Parsons
Alan Schlegel, Tribune
Merle Witt, Garden City
EXPERIMENT FIELDS
Mark Claassen, Hesston
William Heer, Hutchinson
Keith Janssen, Ottawa
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Victor Martin, St. John
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3M