This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station
and Cooperative Extension Service has been archived.
Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
2002
KANSAS PERFORMANCE TESTS WITH
SPRING
SMALL
GRAINS
R E P O R T
O F
P R O G R E S S
9 0 7
Kansas State University
Agricultural Experiment Station
and Cooperative Extension Service
●
●
●
Kansas State University
Agricultural Experiment Station
and Cooperative Extension Service
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station
and Cooperative Extension Service has been archived.
Current information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
Spring small grains in Kansas
Although not major cash crops in Kansas, spring small
grains can be important in specific situations. Oats are used
as a feed grain for balancing animal rations, as a source of
highly nutritious forage, as an intermediate crop when changing crop rotations, or occasionally as a food crop when and
where such a market is available. Spring wheat and springplanted winter wheat often are viewed as possible alternatives for dealing with abandoned winter wheat acreage.
Since 1990, an average of over 1 million acres of winter
wheat is abandoned each year. Unfortunately, spring wheat
typically matures and fills grain during hot, dry summer
weather, limiting its productivity. Spring-planted winter
wheat may not vernalize, preventing grain production.
However, both spring wheat and spring-planted winter wheat
can produce grain if suitable varieties are planted early
enough to avoid summer heat and to allow for vernalization
in the case of winter wheat. In either case, appropriate spring
moisture and temperatures are crucial for success.
Of the spring small grains, oats occupy the largest acreage. Oat acreage peaked at over 1.6 million acres during
the early 1900s. Acreage declined steadily during the 1950s
and 1960s, leveling off at around 200,000 acres in the 1970s.
In 2002, spring oat acreage was 140,000 acres, ranking 6th
behind wheat, sorghum, corn, soybean, and sunflower. This
acreage represented less than 1% of the total crop acres.
Roughly 63% of the oat acres were harvested for grain; the
remainder were abandoned, grazed, or harvested for forage. Statewide grain yield averaged around 25 bushels per
acre until the 1950s. Since then, average yield has increased
gradually to over 50 bushels per acre in recent years.
Records of spring wheat plantings in Kansas are not available because winter wheat dominates the wheat acreage so
completely. (Kansas Agricultural Statistics)
Performance tests
The Kansas performance tests are designed to evaluate
varieties in several environments using recommended production practices. Varieties are evaluated for yield, test weight,
maturity, height, and other characteristics that may arise in a
given season.
Yield integrates a number of factors that affect the potential performance of a variety. However, yield data from
one test does not tell the entire story. A variety may yield
well in a year with a cool, wet summer but be unsuited for
Kansas in most years. Using information from a number of
tests minimizes the possibility of choosing an unsuitable variety.
Examining other information about a variety in addition
to yield provides a more complete picture of its potential
performance. Bloom date is a consistent trait that indicates
the relative maturity of a variety and its potential for maturing
early enough to fill grain before the hot, dry weather of
summer. Test weight evaluates the ability of a variety to fill
seed under harsh summer conditions and often is related to
maturity. Height is another consistent trait that may be related
to maturity. Shorter varieties tend to be early maturing and
able to produce and fill grain before temperature and moisture
stresses become extreme. Taller varieties tend to mature later
and are usually better adapted to the northern states.
Choosing the right variety
Achieving adequate grain yields requires selecting varieties adapted to the Kansas environment. Yield-limiting
factors include potentially high temperatures and low moisture availability during the grain-filling period; diseases such
as barley yellow dwarf virus, leaf rust, crown rust, and stem
rust; and summer storms and fertility situations that might
result in lodging. Selecting varieties that are equipped to
perform reliably under these conditions requires the type of
information provided by K-State Research and Extension
performance tests.
With no commercial or university spring oat or spring
wheat variety development programs in Kansas to provide
specifically adapted varieties, most varieties grown in the
state originate elsewhere. Early-maturing varieties with
good test weights and adequate disease resistance are included in performance tests to evaluate their suitability for
Kansas growing conditions.
Kraig Roozeboom, Manhattan (Senior Author)
Patrick Evans, Colby
W. Barney Gordon, Belleville
Keith Janssen, Ottawa
Performance test summaries
The tables included on this publication present test results for 2001 and 2002. Only Colby could be planted in
2001 because wet soils prevented planting at the other locations. In 2002, the tests at Hutchinson and Colby had to be
abandoned because of hail and drought, respectively. Spring
wheat and spring-planted winter wheat tests were planted in
conjunction with the oat test at Colby in 2001.
These materials may be freely reproduced for educational
purposes. All other rights reserved. In each case, give credit
to the author(s), name of work, Kansas State University, and
the date the work was published
Note: Trade names are used to identify products. No endorsement is intended nor is any criticism implied of similar products not named
Contribution number 03-263-S of the Kansas Agricultural
Experiment Station.
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station
and Cooperative Extension Service has been archived.
Current
information is available from http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
2001 and 2002 Kansas Spring Oat Performance
Tests.*
Yield (bu/a)
Variety
INO9201
Blaze
Jim
Jay
Dane
Don
Chaps
Rio Grande
Armor
Riser
Jerry
Moraine
Classic
Rodeo
Bates
Gem
Ogle
Powell
Monida
Russell
Average
CV (%)
LSD (0.05)**
Ott.
89
83
77
84
62
59
75
66
52
50
61
53
70
54
46
60
56
41
30
24
60
11
9
Yield (% average)
Bell. Colby Avg
71
71
70
58
71
74
51
62
69
67
61
63
43
51
54
47
23
49
36
21
56
8
6
59
57
60
59
61
57
58
55
53
57
50
50
53
54
57
47
60
47
42
46
54
8
6
73
70
69
67
65
64
61
61
58
58
57
56
55
53
53
51
46
45
36
30
56
9
4
Grain moisture (%)
Ott.
Bell. Colby Avg
Variety
Ott.
150
139
130
141
105
99
125
110
88
84
102
89
118
90
77
100
94
68
50
39
60
11
15
127
127
126
104
128
134
92
112
125
120
109
113
77
93
98
84
41
88
65
37
56
8
11
INO9201
Blaze
Jim
Jay
Dane
Don
Chaps
Rio Grande
Armor
Riser
Jerry
Moraine
Classic
Rodeo
Bates
Gem
Ogle
Powell
Monida
Russell
Average
CV (%)
LSD (0.05)**
11
11
11
11
10
11
11
9
10
11
11
11
10
11
10
11
10
10
8
11
10
4
1
110
105
110
109
113
105
107
101
99
105
93
93
97
100
106
86
111
86
78
84
54
8
11
129
124
122
118
115
113
108
108
104
103
101
99
97
94
94
90
82
81
64
54
56
9
7
2001 Colby Spring Wheat.
Variety
Oxen
GM40019
2375
Ingot
GM40020
Forge
GM40002 Exp
Russ
Pristine
Average
CV (%)
LSD (0.05)**
Bell. Colby Avg
13
13
12
13
13
13
13
12
13
12
13
13
15
14
13
15
15
14
19
15
14
6
1
8
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
9
8
9
9
8
8
8
8
7
8
9
8
8
12
NS
10
11
11
11
10
10
11
10
11
10
11
11
11
11
10
11
11
11
12
11
11
7
1
Test weight (lb/bu)
Ott.
28
28
27
29
25
28
28
22
22
30
30
26
25
24
28
26
24
20
20
25
26
4
2
Bell. Colby Avg
34
34
35
35
32
35
33
32
34
34
35
35
32
32
35
32
30
30
23
29
33
4
2
30
30
31
30
28
31
28
25
28
32
30
28
29
28
31
28
28
23
26
28
28
4
2
31
31
31
31
28
31
30
26
28
32
31
30
28
28
31
29
27
24
23
27
29
4
1
2001 Colby Spring Planted Winter Wheat.
Yield
(bu/a)
Yield
(%avg)
29
28
28
27
27
26
26
26
26
27
6
2
106
105
105
100
99
98
97
95
95
27
6
9
Moist TW
(%) (lb/bu)
8
8
9
8
8
8
9
8
7
8
7
1
51
50
52
51
50
47
54
48
47
50
7
5
Head
date
Ht
(in)
153
153
151
152
152
152
151
154
152
152
0
1
29
26
31
36
27
34
28
34
30
30
4
2
Variety
Jagger
(W) Heyne
TAM 202
Custer
Karl 92
Average
CV (%)
LSD (0.05)**
Yield Yield
(bu/a) (%avg)
42
30
30
0
0
20
14
4
207
147
145
0
0
20
14
22
Moist TW
(%) (lb/bu)
8
17
14
0
0
13
31
7
45
41
45
0
0
44
8
6
Head
date
Ht
(in)
161
166
162
0
0
163
1
2
27
24
25
0
0
25
5
2
This publication from the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station
and Cooperative Extension Service has been archived.
2001
and 2002
Kansas from
Spring
Oat Performance Tests.*
Current
information
is available
http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.
est weight (lb/bu)
Colby Avg
30
30
31
28
31
28
25
28
32
30
28
29
28
28
28
26
4
2
4
2
28
4
2
31
31
31
31
28
31
30
26
28
32
31
30
28
28
31
29
27
24
23
27
29
4
1
Head date
Height (in)
Variety
Ott. Colby
Avg
Ott.
INO9201
Blaze
Jim
Jay
Dane
Don
Chaps
Rio Grande
Armor
Riser
Jerry
Moraine
Classic
Rodeo
Bates
Gem
Ogle
Powell
Monida
Russell
Average
CV (%)
LSD (0.05)**
148
151
149
154
148
146
150
152
153
141
153
151
152
152
144
155
153
157
156
156
151
0
1
151
154
151
156
150
149
153
155
156
146
155
154
154
155
148
158
155
160
159
158
154
0
1
40
42
43
41
40
40
42
42
42
42
45
44
43
42
40
43
42
41
44
43
42
4
2
154
157
154
157
152
152
156
158
159
152
157
157
156
158
152
160
157
162
163
159
157
0
1
Lodging (%)
Bell. Colby Avg
30
32
29
28
29
28
30
29
31
27
33
32
32
31
27
33
30
28
30
30
30
5
2
31
31
31
28
32
29
33
27
30
31
33
33
32
31
30
33
32
25
29
31
30
4
2
34
35
35
32
34
32
35
33
34
33
37
36
35
34
32
36
34
31
34
35
34
4
1
Ott. Colby Avg
0
6
1
0
5
38
6
31
13
40
6
38
0
1
26
2
1
73
85
2
19
65
17
0
0
0
0
0
3
8
3
0
3
6
13
0
0
0
3
5
0
14
8
3
154
7
0
3
1
0
3
20
7
17
6
21
6
25
0
1
13
2
3
36
49
5
11
84
9
*Test Locations
Ott. = Ottawa, East Central Experiment Field, 2002.
Planted 2/14. Good moisture and seedbed, good stands;
relatively cool until June 15, then hot; barley yellow
dwarf virus evident. Harvested 7/8
Bell. = Belleville, North Central Experiment Field, 2002.
Planted 3/4. Cool soils delayed emergence until late
March; only Russell and Ogle had poor final stands; dry
with the exception of rains in mid-May and early June.
Harvested 7/5
Colby = Northwest Research-Extension Center, 2001.
Planted 3/21. Wet conditions at planting, but good stands
were established. Winter wheat did not appear to vernalize very well. Harvested 7/12.
**Unless two varieties differ by more than the LSD, little
confidence can be placed in one being superior to the
other.