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KANSAS STATE LIVE STOCK REGISTRY BOARD
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ANNOUNCEMENT
On September 1, 1918, Mr. F. W. Bell succeeded Dr. C. W. McCampbell a s secretary o f the Kansas State Live Stock Registry Board and
associate professor of animal husbandry in the Kansas State Agricultural
College.
Mr. Bell has a keen insight into the problems of production, and feels
that the man who stands a good purebred stallion is a public benefactor.
He will use his best efforts to encourage a greater appreciation and use
of good purebred sires by the mare owners of Kansas.
Mr. Bell is a man o f wide experience and splendid training. He is
recognized by state fair managers as one o f the best judges o f draft
horses in the country. The stallion owners of Kansas are fortunate in
having associated with them a man o f such splendid ability who will
always be available to help them in advancing the horse raising industry in
this State.
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PROSECUTIONS
The stallion license law provides a penalty in the form of a fine o f
from $20 to $50 and costs for standing or offering a stallion f o r public
service without a license, and the courts have ruled that an owner is
standing a stallion for public service whenever he allows his stallion to
serve mares owned by neighbors or others, and a license is required.
A few stallion owners who have interpreted the law to suit their own
fancy and have used their stallions without licenses have suffered the embarrassment and expense o f an arrest, prosecution, and fine. However, it
has always been the policy o f the State Live Stock Registry Board to give
stallion owners every possible opportunity to take out licenses before
starting a prosecution, but when a stallion owner willfully and knowingly
uses his stallion for public service without a license,- the Registry Board
is ready to prosecute if its attention is directed to such violation of the
law. All information furnished the State Live Stock Registry Board
relative to violation of this law will be treated confidentially.
IMPROVEMENT IN PUBLIC SERVICE STALLIONS
SINCE 1910
The work o f the Kansas State Live Stock Registry Board continues
to be rewarded by an increase in the percentage o f purebred stallions
standing for public service in the State. The table following shows the
changes that have taken place since 1910, when the stallion license law
went into effect:
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to stand f o r public service in Kansas. Only 40.8 per cent were purebreds
while 59.2 per cent were grades and scrubs. During 1918 licenses have
been issued for 3,269 purebreds and 1,818 grades and scrubs; 64.2 per
cent purebreds and only 35.8 per cent grades and scrubs. In other words,
25 per cent more purebreds were licensed in 1918 than in 1910 and 49 per
cent fewer grades and scrubs.
Furthermore, 2,954 purebred draft stallions and 315 purebred light
stallions were licensed in 1918 as compared with 1,892 purebred draft
stallions and 707 purebred light stallions in 1910. During this period there
has been an increase of 56.1 per cent in the number o f purebred draft stallions and a decrease of 55.6 per cent in the number o f purebred light stallions. During this same period the number o f purebred Percheron stallions
has increased 74.7 per cent, and they represent 79.3 per cent of all the
purebred-draft stallions standing f o r public service in Kansas during the
year 1918.
Stallions o f the different breeds, ranked in the order o f the number
licensed for 1918, appear in the following table:
The counties having fifty or more stallions in which the largest per
cent o f purebreds were licensed to stand f o r public service during 1918,
also the percentages of purebredstallions licensed to stand f o r public service-in these same counties in 1910, rank as follows:
Clay county has-shown the greatest improvement with an increase of
from 24 to 47 in the number of purebreds and a decrease of from 47 to
10 in the number of grades and scrubs licensed to stand f o r public service.
Decatur is a close second. Its purebreds have increased from 19 to 41
and its grades and scrubs have decreased from 51 to 13.
In 1910 more grades and scrubs than purebreds were licensed to stand
for public service in 87 of the 105 counties o f the State. The records
f o r 1 9 1 8 show that more grades and scrubs than purebreds were licensed
to stand for public service in only twelve counties. The counties in which
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more grades and scrubs have been licensed to stand for public service
in 1918 are: Chautauqua, Cherokee, Hamilton, Linn, Logan, Lyon, Marshall, Pottawatomie, Seward, Sheridan, Stevens, and Wilson.
The stallion license law has given mare owners a means o f knowing the
exact breeding o f the stallions they patronize, and has eliminated the
misrepresentations regarding bloodlines which formerly appeared in many
stallion advertisements. In 1909, over 2,000 grades and scrubs were advertised as purebreds, while in 1918, not one such animal was so advertised
in Kansas newspapers. Previous t o the passage o f the stallion license law
hundreds o f grades and scrubs with fake and fraudulent pedigrees were
sold as purebreds to unsuspecting purchasers at prices ranging from $500
to $4,200 each. These unscrupulous stallion peddlers have left the State,
as the stallion license law has exposed their wares.
These practical and beneficial results from the operation o f the stallion
license law make it of inestimable value to the horse raisers of Kansas.
The co-operation of every one interested in horses in seeing that the law
has its widest application will result in even greater benefits.
KANSAS HORSE BREEDERS’ ASSOCIATION
ANNUAL MEETING
January 25, 1918
C. W. M c C A M P B E L L , Secretary
The Kansas Horse Breeders’ Association held its annual meeting at
the Kansas Agricultural College on Friday, January 25, 1918. This
meeting was the best attended in the history o f the association. The
program opened with an address by President Ross. He emphasized the
fact that good farming would require good horses, and that good, sound
purebred seed stock was necessary to produce good horses. He also urged
the breeders o f purebreds to use better sires, feed more liberally, and avail
themselves of every possible opportunity to get their horses before the
public.
C. W. McCampbell, secretary o f the association, discussed the subject,
“ A New Attitude.” Emphasis was placed upon the fact that a decided
change has taken place upon the part o f the average Kansas horse raiser
regarding the kind o f a sire he patronizes. Mare owners are demanding
more and more that the sires they patronize shall be good, sound purebreds. Concrete evidence was presented that during the past eight years
the number o f grade and scrub sires standing for public service has decreased 1,266, while the number o f purebreds has increased almost 1,600
during the same period.
H. L. Salmon o f Fowler, Kan., was unable to be present t o discuss the
subject, “What a Small Breeder Can Do," but sent a letter summarizing
in a splendid manner the results of his attempt to raise purebred horses.
‘The letter read as follows:
As a beginner I do not think my experience or the little I know about
the horse business will be o f interest to the well seasoned breeders that
will attend the Kansas Horse Breeders’ Association meeting.
I had been raising grade drafters and made some money and thought
I might raise some full bloods, so I bought Percherons of good types and
bloodlines so the colts would grow out true to type. My herd horse,
Perfection, was three years old when I bought him. I saw his mother
and his colts-they were good. He had won the championship o f Indiana.
The three show mares I bought o f Mr. Robison were four, five and seven
years old, and probably need no introduction in Kansas, Oklahoma, and
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Texas. They cost me $1,955. Allow me to say that I believe a beginner
should be willing t o pay a fair price for good, sound breeding stock
rather than buy the cheap, undersized, unsound stock that would not
classify in a commercial horse market. Life is too short for a man to
accomplish much with such stock.
I bought the mares three years ago, They have raised eight colts. I
have sold four for $2,100, and have four left that are looking well.
Yours for better horses,
(Signed)
H. L. SALMON.
Dr. J. H. Burt of the Veterinary Department of the College substituted
for Doctor Dykstra and gave an interesting talk on“Corn Stalk Poisoning.’’
The talk by Mr. Wayne Dinsmore, secretary of the Percheron Society
of America, was an instructive review of the present situation in the
horse world. The main part of this address appears in another part of
this report.
The Kansas Breeders’ Percheron Sale was held during the afternoon.
The offering was a good one, but war conditions had a decided effect
upon the prices obtained, particularly f o r stallions. The entire lot, including weanlings and yearlings, averaged $375.
A business session was held in the evening at which the following
officers were elected:
President, Geo. B. Ross, Kansas City, Kan.
Vice-president, 1st Congressional District, D. F. McAlister, Topeka,
Kan.
Vice-president, 2nd Congressional District, C. R. Soward, Baldwin, Kan,
Vice-president, 3rd Congressional District, G. W. Forbes, Cherryvale,
Kan.
Vice-president, 4th Congressianal District, Wm. Branson, Overbrook,
Kan.
Vice-president, 6th Congressional District, Ed. Nichelson, Leonardville, Kan.
Vice-president, 6th Congressional District, J. M. Rodgers, Beloit, Kan.
Vice-president, 7th Congressional District, H. L. Salmon, Fowler, Kan.
Vice-president, 8th Congressional District, J. C. Robison, Towanda,
Kan.
Secretary-Treasurer, C. W. McCampbell, Manhattan, Kan.
Third member executive board, W. H. Rhodes, Manhattan, Kan.
The next annual meeting will be held at Manhattan, Kan., Friday,
February 7, 1919. This is the week of the State Farmers’ Institute, and
will give our horse breeders an opportunity t o attend several other interesting meetings.
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WHY BREED DRAFT HORSES
(Address by Wayne Dinsmore, secretary of the Percheron Society of
America, before the Kansas Horse Breeders’ Association, Manhattan, Kan.,
January 25, 1918.)
The draft horse breeders of the United States have before them the
greatest opportunity ever presented t o the horsemen of any nation. The
world is their market, the demand enormous, and the supply limited.
Prices are a t a profitable point and will unquestionably go higher. From
the standpoint of both patriotism and profit the horse owners of America
should exert every effort to increase our production of draft horses to
the utmost.
The foregoing statements are bold and comprehensive. Men who are
fearful of the future for draft horses, ask proof. That proof is presented
in the following pages. It is based upon thorough investigation and
analysis of a world-wide situation.
The demand for draft horses is greater today than in any past period.
War, city and farm needs, and export requirements furnish the market.
Conclusive proof of the need f o r horses in war is evidenced by the
fact that the allied nations have bought and transported a little over
2,000,000 horses and mules to Europe during the forty months ending
December 1, 1917. The British Lord of the Admiralty, addressing Parliament in December, 1917, stated that the transportation of this number of
animals to Europe, with very few losses, was one of the achievements of
the British navy. Approximately 1,350,000 of these were bought in and
exported from the United States, as is shown by monthly reports of the
Bureau of Foreign Commerce. The other 700,000 were bought elsewhere,
mainly in Canada, South America, Australia, and New Zealand. The
majority of the 2,000,000 head taken in-this time by the allied nations
were artillery and transport animals, carrying a predominant strain of
draft blood.
Bitter experience has convinced army officers that horses and mules
are indispensable on the battlefield. One horses to every f o u r men in service, excluding cavalry, has been found to be needful; and the United
States authorities, guided by the experience of veterans who have borne
the burden of the fighting for three long years, have accepted this standard t o make effective the work of fighting men. Ammunition wagons,
mired down in battlefields behind advancing troops, have more than once
required eighteen powerful transport horses-to pull. them through to where
gunners, working with feverish energy, had swung cannon into position
t o meet German counter attacks; and in the winter months it has often
been impossible to move high explosive shells forward to the guns except
on pack animals. A British officer, relating his experience in transporting
such ammunition in on pack horses and mules remarked: “It was the
only way we could get i t in. Each animal carried fourshells, two on each
side, swung in a pack saddle. When, as sometimes happened, a German
high explosive shell hit an animal already loaded down with four of them,
a whole string of pack animals was apt to go West.”
Hard-pressed though the Allies have been f o r food and supplies- and
with boat space urgently needed-horses have never ceased moving. The
demand f o r the horse of draft breeding, in warfare, is amply proved by
the foregoing indisputable facts. That demand will continue while war
lasts.
The city demand for draft horses has been the safety valve f o r the
industry. It has provided an outlet for geldings, which are less profit-
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able than mares in farm use. That demand still exists. Prices ranging
from $250 to $325 are being paid in the country by buyers f o r big city
users. It is unwise to put a draft horse into city service before he is five
years of age; b u t the demand so f a r exceeds the supply that buyers have
been compelled t o t a k e three- and four-year-old horses in order to fill
their actual needs. There is ample evidence that good draft geldings will
always be needed in city traffic.
The demand f o r draft horses on our farms is increasing at a phenomenal rate. Argument t o convince an intelligent farmer of the advantage
of using heavy horses is no longer needed. He knows it. Farm sales
reflect the situation. Roomy, drafty mares-grades-standing from 16
t o 16.2 hands, and weighing $1,600 pounds or over, will, if of reasonable
age, command $500 t o $600 per pair in almost any farm sale; and there
a r e never enough of this sort to satisfy the clamorous demands of hardheaded farmers who want good teams. Small stuff and animals of draft
breeding but too young to work may sell at a discount, but draft animals
of serviceable ages are keenly sought after by farmers in all sections of
this country. For a time last fall they sold below their real value, on
account of the attempts of many owners to cut down on feed bills during
the winter, in the hope that they might thereby be able to buy a t a figure
this spring which would make the venture profitable; but prices on good
grade draft mares have advanced fully $50 per head in the last sixty days,
and men who sold themselves short last fall are destined to pay dearly for
their experience this spring.
Foodstuffs are urgently needed. Our allies are living on a hand to
mouth basis. The diversion of millions of men from peace t o war has
increased the consumption of foods, and has curtailed crop production.
According t o the Red Book, issued by Howard, Bartels & Co., authorities
on grain statistics, the United States and those countries which are now
its strongest allies produced in 1915, 2,216,801,000 bushels of wheat; in
1917 the same countries harvested but 1,471,128,000 bushels. Russia had
964,000,000 bushels of wheat in 1915, and but 736,000,000 bushels in
1917. Her production in 1918 is liable t o be much less and is not available. The Argentine, Uruguay and Chili had in 1917, 231,500,000 bushels
of-wheat, as against 206,000,000 bushels in 1915. As a whole, however,
the-production of wheat b y the allied nations and those countries to which
they have ready access, was practically 700,000,000 bushels less in 1917
than in 1915. In the same countries, barley shows a decrease of about
37,000,000 bushels; rye a decrease of 19,000,000 bushels; and oats a decrease of 31,000,000 bushels. Corn alone shows an increase, and this is
but 38,000,000 bushels. Figures issued by Food Administrator Hoover,
in the Official Bulletin, f o r meat animals throughout the world, show a
decrease of 8,420,000 cattle, 17,500,000 sheep, and 7,100,000 hogs, in the
countries of our Western allies, which is not counterbalanced by the increase i n cattle, sheep or hogs in t h e United States. The world's supply,
considered as a whole, shows a decrease of 28,000,000 cattle, 54,000,000
sheep, and 32,000,000 hogs. No appreciable gain in live stock or grain
production can be looked f o r while w a r lasts; and i t will take years after
peace comes to bring the world back t o a point where there is an abundant
surplus of food supplies. Famine has often left a broad trail of death in
India and China. Unless a well planned, farsighted campaign is inaugurated and carried out there will be such shortage of foods among
allied nations t h a t old people will die twenty years before their time, little
children perish by hundreds of thousands, and the vigor and vitality of
whole nations be so undermined that twenty years will not suffice to
undo the damage done.
The facts just cited are reasons for increasing heavy draft horses on
farms. More land must b e tilled than ever before, if a world that is now
on the edge of famine is to be fed. Grains immediately available as food
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for man must be increased in acreage; more wheat, barley, rye, and oats
must be grown. More tillage is required of American farmers than ever
before, and less labor is available wherewith to accomplish it. Increased
efficiency per man employed on the farm is the only solution. John
Buckler of Massachusetts reports that it is customary t o plow there with a
ten-inch walking plow and one team of 1,000-pound horses, plowing an
average per day of one acre. Charles Nelson of Illinois says his neighbors
use four or five horses, weighing over 1,600 pounds each, on a gang plow of
two fourteen-inch bottoms and plow an average of from five to five and
one-half acres per day. He has two such gang plows himself, but has
also a three-bottom gang with which he uses six o r seven draft horses and
plows eight acres per day. A. P. Nave of Ohio formerly used a twelvehole seed drill. He sold i t and bought one of twenty holes, put on more
horses, and now seeds twenty acres per day where he formerly could do
but twelve, These are actual illustrations of increased work done per
man on the farm. Larger implements covering more ground, with more
horsepower, soon pay for themselves in increased work accomplished; and
it is a matter of common knowledge that the farmer with heavy horses
plows deeper, fits his land more perfectly, and harvests bigger crops than
his neighbor who works with small horses, or not enough big ones.
We must produce more food, and do it with less labor. More and
better draft horses furnish the key t o the situation. Tractors will supplement but not displace draft horses, and their use cannot be recommended
f o r the average farm. They may, for a time, frighten some men out of
horse breeding, but their limitations are such that they cannot permanently
injure our draft horse industry. Tractors cannot displace good draft
mares on any well-managed farm.
The export demand for draft horses is certain to be very great a t the
conclusion of the war. All European nations have been nearly drained
of horses of draft character. Prices on ordinary draft geldings are from
$500 to $800 in Great Britain and France. In Holland prices from $800
to $1,200 have been realized for similar geldings, and yearling colts have
brought $400. It is needless t o s a y that Germany is the purchaser. Farsighted dealers in both France and Great Britain are already negotiating
with American horsemen f o r heavy exports of draft horses, t o begin as
soon as the war closes and cargo space is available. The men involved are
thoroughly responsible, and there is no question b u t that the export demand for big horses will be heavy f o r many years after the war closes.
Leading British land-owners are doing all i t is possible t o do t o increase
horse breeding in Great Britain. In this connection i t is interesting t o
note that extensive importations of Percherons have been made into
Britain, and a British Percheron Society organized. The movement is
backed by leading men who are convinced of Percheron superiority by
the remarkable endurance which horses of Percheron blood have shown
in this war.
The foregoing review proves that the demand for drafters, present and
future, is broad and stable. We have next t o consider the supply. Attention has already been called to the shortage of such horses in Europe.
South America has but few that are large enough. Australia and New
Zealand have some very good drafters, but there is certain t o be a tremendous increase in all industries there following the war, due to the immigration of soldiers, and there is no likelihood that the countries in question will
have any surplus to spare. Canada will be in the same situation. The
need f o r draft horses is now so well recognized in the Dominion that most
aggressive steps are being taken t o increase and foster the breeding of
drafters. Africa and Asia have no draft horses, and Russia has but few
of this character. An agricultural expert who was located in Russia from
1910 until July, 1917, who is thoroughly reliable and especially wellinformed on Russian conditions, recently told the writer that the vast
majority of Russian horses were but ponies, under 1,000 pounds. He
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added that but few horses, even in the best agricultural districts in European Russia, would stand 15.3 or weigh 1,300 pounds; and that virtually
the only horses of real draft character were purebred Percheron horses,
taken in prior t o the outbreak of war. He was positive that Russia could
make no contribution t o the supply of draft horses f o r a great many years
to come.
We have ascertained, therefore, b y elimination, that but few draft
horses are available in countries other than the United States.
We have somewhat over 21,000,000 horses on the farms and ranches
of this country, according to the estimates of the Department of Agricult u r e f o r January 1, 1918. In the judgment of the most experienced and
best-informed horsemen in the United States, less than 1,000,000 are
horses that wilI mature a t 1,600 or better-in other words, mature as
draft horses. This excludes purebred draft horses which will not exceed
176,000 head, all breeds combined. Of the 20,000,000 remaining, i t is
impossible t o form any accurate estimate regarding the number that
stand over 15.1 and weigh over 1,200 pounds.
W e are safe in saying, however, that the colts coming one and two
years old this spring (1918) will not exceed 3,000,000 head. This leaves
17,000,000 horses, or approximately 8,000,000 mares, coming three years
old or older, available f o r breeding this spring.
If 4,000,000 of the best and largest of these were bred to good draft
stallions this spring, it would give us a tremendous increase in draft stocks,
and in horses that would qualify as farm chunks or artillery horses, even
if we raised but 2,000,000 colts out of 4,000,000 mares bred. Of the
remaining 4,000,000 mares (after excluding cavalry, saddle and trotting
mares of distinct type and real market value), all other small stock and
mares with serious unsoundness, may well be bred t o jacks, so that their
faults may not be perpetuated to future generations. There is a good
demand for mules, a t high prices, so that this course has much to commend it. Generally speaking, the speedy removal of 4,000,000 or 5,000,000
small and inferior horses would be a godsend t o the breeders of good
horses; and draft horse breeders are not particular about the mode of
exit taken by such undesirables.
The one factor which retarded horse breeding during the last two years
is now practically eliminated. That was the surplus of army-type horses.
The supply, which had been accumulating f o r years, is now fairly well
cleaned up. Buyers report difficulty in obtaining good army horses in the
country; and while horses of this type coming five years old this spring
will probably take care of the demands for the coming season, there is no
longer a burdensome surplus of such horses in farmers' hands. Prices are
rising on good horses, and thousands of farmers, who find themselves
short on work stock this spring, will feel more inclined than in the past
to breed their mares.
Certain i t is that every good mare weighing 1,200 pounds or over
should be bred in this and succeeding seasons to the best available draft
stallion. Every horseman should lend his influence t o that end. Our
state authorities, colleges of agriculture, experiment stations, and the department of agriculture should be urged to exert their powerful influence
t o encourage draft horse breeding. It is profitable. It is patriotic.
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PRESENT AND FUTURE NEED OF DRAFT HORSES
(C. W. McCampbell)
Seventy-five thousand sound Kansas horses-an average of 750 from
each county-have been shipped across the sea, and many thousands must
follow to help win this war. In numerous instances horses that could not
well be spared have been sacrificed. This has materially lessened the
horse power of the State.
High-class draft horses are bringing higher prices a t f a r m sales than
ever before. This is probably the best evidence of the present shortage
of good work horses in this country.
Shortage of horses is more noticeable in Europe. Recently at Hereford, England, fifty-eight grade geldings and mares sold at public auction
a t prices ranging from $500 to $850 each. In the issue of the Hereford
Times reporting this sale, there also appears the following notice: “The
executive committee of the Herefordshire War Agricultural Committee
has decided that no horses suitable for work on the land, under six years
of age, may be sold to go out of the country."
Reconstruction processes after the war will add to the present demand,
and the United States with its excellent natural advantages will be expected to furnish the horses needed. As only one out of every twenty of
the horses of the State will classify as a draft horse and weigh 1,600
pounds or more, each Kansas farmer should breed every mare he owns
showing a predominance of draft breeding, to a good, sound, purebred
draft stallion. Such a policy will be profitable as well as patriotic.
EFFECT OF THE WAR ON THE DEMAND FOR HORSES
(C. W. McCampbell)
The effect of the war on the demand f o r horses has been important,
but not as f a r reaching as many have been led to believe. Since the beginning of the war approximately 1,000,000 horses, a n average of 500,000
annually, have been exported from the United States. This is a large number when considered in the aggregate, but when compared with our total
horse population i t has not been so large, being only 2½ per cent of the
whole, or one out of every forty horses.
In general, the kind of horses that are being taken for war purposes
are: French cavalry-mare or gelding 5 to 9 years old, weighing from
900 to 1,150 pounds; price paid a t point of inspection, $90 to $115.
French light artillery- mare or gelding 5 t o 9 years old, 1,080 to 1,275
pounds; price, $125. French heavy artillery- mare or gelding, 1,280 t o
1,500 pounds; price, $140. British cavalry-mare or gelding 5 t o 10 years
old, 1,050 to 1,150 pounds; price, $130 t o $150. British light artillerymare or gelding 5 to 10 years old, 1,250 to 1,450 pounds; price, $140 to
$175. British heavy artillery-mare or gelding 5 to 10 years old, 1,500
pounds or over; price, $175 to $200.
The British demand a neater, smoother, better made, better gaited, and
sounder horse than the French and have been willing t o pay more f o r
their horses. Most of the horses taken have weighed less than 1,400
pounds, a type f o r which there is very little commercial demand here.
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Market men express the opinion that this class of horses would be selling
for $50 per head less were it not for the war demand.
The United States government has not made heavy purchases to date
and our latest information from the quartermaster general’s office states
that only horses from 6 to 10 years old weighing from 950 to 1,350 pounds
are being purchased.
There has been practically no war demand for the heavy draft horse
weighing from 1,700 to 1,900 pounds, yet this class of horses is selling
higher today than ever before. These facts and figures are significant
and show us that the demand f o r the war horse is an unstable one and
that this kind o f a horse is not a profitable one f o r the farmer to raise
so long as the country remains overstocked with this type o f horse, as it
is today, and so long as the heavy draft horse continues to be the most
efficient and profitable farm horse.
THE EFFECT OF THE W A R ON THE IMPORTATION
OF BREEDING HORSES TO THE UNITED STATES
(C. W. McCampbell)
The war has almost entirely stopped the importation o f purebred
horses into the United States. In 1913, 5,713 horses were shipped into
the United States €or breeding purposes. Most of these horses were
Percherons. Only a few Percherons have been imported during the year
1918, a n d late information shows a decrease of 2 5 per cent in the horse
stock o f France.
In the past, most of the horses that have been imported for breeding
purposes came from France. It is quite evident that the war has made
impossible the extensive. importation o f Percherons for many years. This
very condition has been a real blessing t o the horse industry of this
country. So long as the French supply was available we allowed ourselves
to depend upon that source, but since that supply is no longer available,
breeders and dealers have discovered that just as good Percherons can be
grown in this country as can be grown in France, if we will but feed as
well and as liberally as the French do. Hence the most valuable effect
that the war has had on the importation of horses into the United States
is that it has forced us to appreciate more fully the value o f the Americanbred purebred for breeding purposes.
SOME TRACTOR EXPERIENCES IN KANSAS
(C. W. McCampbell)
Many Kansas farmers devote the greatest portion of their time, energy,
and land to wheat growing. This has led the enthusiast and theorist to
believe that such farmers should use only tractors for motive power. The
superficial logic o f their arguments has made Kansas the best market f o r
farm tractors in the United States. I n order t o secure reliabIe information on the horse and tractor situation as a result of the experience of
Kansas farmers, a questionnaire was mailed to 500 tractor users in the
State.
Approximately 90 per cent of the tractor users had purchased them
f o r the special purpose of plowing wheat ground. In fact, tractors have
been used by these farmers for all purposes-plowing, grinding, etc.-
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f o r an average period of only 36.6 days per year. The men using these
tractors maintained only 8.4 head of cattle-including all kinds and all
ages--for every 100 acres plowed, which indicates that they were typical
grain farmers. Yet they were able t o eliminate only .64 of a horse for
each 100 acres plowed, and 66 per cent of them were unable t o eliminate
any horses as a form of motive power, although they each plowed annualIy
an average of 317.22 acres.
A most interesting answer to the question concerning the number of
horses that had been eliminated since purchasing a tractor read as follows:
“Not one; it just makes the work easier.” Evidently there are special
occasions and places when the tractor is very convenient, but one can not
always afford t o invest in a machine f o r convenience only, especially if
it can be used only for a limited period of time in well-adapted locations
or fields. This suggests that the tractor in its present stage of development may well be regarded a s a handy piece of additional farm machinery
rather than as a complete substitute for horses as a form of motive power.
The fact that the tractor owners replying used them only 36.6 days per
year adds weight t o the idea that the tractor is not, on the average, a n
economical substitute for horses. One purchaser gave as his main reason
for buying a tractor: “I didn’t know any better.” Another desired “to do
away with the heavy work on horses in the fall so I can raise more colts.”
Very few users kept records of the cost of fuel, repairs, or labor involved in operating a tractor. A few of the comments of those who had
kept such records follow:
From a farmer plowing 470 acres: "It is not practical for anything but
plowing and grinding.”
From a farmer plowing 800 acres: "I bought a tractor, b u t it did not
give satisfaction, so I sold it this spring. I think my horses and mules give
better service than a tractor.”
From a farmer plowing 200 acres: “The tractor does not compare with
horses and mules. There is nothing t o them.”
From another: “I disposed of my tractor. I do not think they are
the thing for a small farmer.”
From still another: “I will now admit that a person cannot farm without horses.”
If wheat farmers have been unable t o eliminate only .64 of a horse
for each 100 acres plowed, is it not reasonable to expect that a much
smaller number of horses can be eliminated from diversified farms?
Furthermore, is not diversified farming the most practical and profitable?
Apparently the place and use of the tractor on the farm has not been well
understood, and its efficiency and adaptability have been greatly overrated. The experiences of the men from whom the above data were
secured suggest that the prospective tractor purchaser study very carefully the motive power needs of his own particular farm, also the efficiency, adaptability, depreciation, and cost of operating and maintaining
a tractor before making his purchase. One may occasionally find that he
needs a tractor only, sometimes a tractor and horses, but more often he
will find that efficiency, economy, good farming, and profit will demand
horses only.
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CHAPTER 318
RELATING TO THE REGISTRATION AND LICENSING
OF STALLIONS
Senate Bill No. 277
An Act regulating the registration, advertising, and licensing of stallions
f o r public service in the State of Kansas, and repealing chapter 168 of
the Session Laws of 1909 and all laws and parts of laws in conflict
herewith.
B e it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Kansas:
Section 1. Every person, persons, firm, corporation, company or association that shall stand, travel, advertise or offer f o r public service in
any manner any stallion in the State of Kansas, shall secure a license certificate for such stallion from the Kansas State Live Stock Registry Board,
as hereinafter provided. Said board shall consist of the dean of the division of agriculture, head of the animal husbandry department, and head of
the veterinary department of the Kansas State Agricultural College.
Sec. 2. To obtain a license certificate as herein provided, the owner
of such stallion shall comply with the following requirements: first, the
owner of a purebred stallion shall forward to the Kansas State Livestock
Registry Board for inspection, the registry certificate or a certified copy
of the registry certificate of such stallion, also other necessary papers or
documents relating t o the breeding and ownership of such stallion. Second,
owners of cross-bred o r grade stallions shall forward t o the Kansas State
Live Stock Registry Board affidavit showing the breeding of such stallion.
Third, owners of scrub stallions shall forward t o the Kansas State Live
Stock Registry Board a statement of the breeding of such stallion. Fourth,
the fee for such stallion license shall be $2.00 and said fee shall accompany
each application f o r license, provided, however, that in case the stallion
was licensed previous t o July 1, 1913, under provisions of Chapter 168,
Laws of 1909, the fee f o r a new license shall be one dollar.
Sec. 3. The Kansas State Live Stock Registry Board shall have power
t o revoke, cancel, and recall any license when said board shall find that
such license does not truly and correctly represent the horse f o r which
said license was originally issued, and when a license is revoked by the said
board, it shall be the duty of the sheriff o r a constable of the county where
such license is located, to take possession of said license and deliver the
same to said Kansas State Live Stock Registry Board when called upon by
said Kansas State Live Stock Registry Board to take possession of said
license.
Sec. 4. The Kansas State Live Stock Registry Board shall issue four
kinds of licenses as follows: purebred, for stallion correctly recorded in
stud books recognized by the Kansas State Live Stock Registry Board;
cross-bred, for stallion whose sire and dam are of different breeds but each
is correctly recorded in the stud book maintained for that particular breed,
provided said stud books are recognized by the Kansas State Live Stock
Registry Board; grade, for stallion whose sire o r dam is recorded in a stud
book that is recognized by the Kansas State Live Stock Registry Board;
scrub, f o r stallion whose sire o r dam are neither recorded in a stud book
recognized by the Kansas State Live Stock Registry Board.
Sec. 5. It shall be the duty of the Kansas State Live Stock Registry
Board to examine and pass upon the merits of each registry certificate
and statement of breeding submitted, as herein provided, and i t shall use
as its standard the stud books and signatures of the duly authorized offi-
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cers of the various horse pedigree registry associations, societies, or companies certified by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.
C., Bureau of Animal Industry, in Order No. 136, dated June 20, 1906, and
a n y other stud books which may be established in the future when an association or company establishing such studbooks shall prove t o the satisfaction of the Kansas State Live Stock Registry Board that they are doing a n
honest, reputable and creditable business, and that such stud books are
necessary f o r the protection and encouragement of that particular breed.
Sec. 6. Each license issued by the Kansas State Live Stock Registry
Board shall expire on December 31 of the year in which it is issued, but
each license may be renewed each year, provided the owner of said stallion
make application for renewal before March 1 following the date of expiration, and forward with such application for renewal a fee of one dollar for
each renewal, and submit satisfactory evidence establishing the identity of
stallions for which renewal of license is requested. Each renewal shall expire on December 31 of the year f o r which it is renewed. Failure to have
license renewed, as herein provided, before March 1 following the date of
expiration, shall forfeit the right of renewal and when such right has been
forfeited, the owner of such stalIion shall procure a new license as provided in section 2.
Sec. 7. The license certificate for a stallion correctly recorder in a
stud book recognized by the Kansas State Live Stock Registry Board shall
contain the following information: license number, registration number,
breed, color, age, pedigree, name and address of owner, date of issue, the
seal of t h e , Kansas State Live Stock Registry Board, and the signature
of the secretary of the Kansas State Live Stock Registry Board. The
license f o r a cross-bred, grade, or scrub stallion shall contain the following
information: license number, statement of breeding, color, age, name and
address of owner, date of issue, seal of the Kansas State Live Stock Regist r y Board, and the signature of the secretary of the Kansas State Live
Stock Registry Board.
Sec. 8. Each bill, poster, or other advertisement of every kind and
nature, issued by the owner, keeper, o r person in charge of any stallion
enrolled and licensed under this act and used to advertise such stallion by
said owner, keeper, or person in charge, shall have as a heading f o r such
advertisement the class of license issued for said stallion and the number
of his license; thus, “Purebred License No......” “Cross-bred License No.....”
“Grade License No.....” or “Scrub License No.....” as the case may be.
In all advertisements this heading shall be set in the largest and boldest
type used in the advertisement.
Sec. 9. The owner, keeper, or person in charge of any stallion standing for public service in this State shall post and keep affixed during the
entire breeding season, the license certificate of each stallion issued under
the provisions of this act, in a conspicuous place in each stable o r building
where said stallion stands f o r public service.
Sec. 10. Upon transfer of ownership of any stallion licensed under
the provisions of this act the new owner shall forward t o the office of the
Kansas State Live Stock Registry Board the license issued in the name of
t h e former owner, together with the fee of fifty cents and satisfactory
evidence that the stallion transferred is the one f o r which the license was
originally issued. It shall then be the duty of the Kansas State Live Stock
Registry Board t o record such transfer and issue a license in the name of
the new owner.
Sec. 11. It shall be the duty of the county clerk of each county in the
‘State of Kansas to file with the Kansas State Live Stock Registry Board
before July 1 of each year, a complete list of all stallion owners in his
county, together with the number of stallions owned by each, as shown by
the assessor’s report of that particular county. He shall also file with the
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Kansas State Live Stock Registry Board before July 1 of each year, the
total number of horses in his particular county.
Sec. 12. It shall be optional with owners, keepers, or persons in
charge of stallions standing f o r public service whether or not said stallions
shall be examined f o r soundness, but no stallion shall be advertised in
any manner either directly or indirectly as a sound stallion until a certificate of soundness has been issued f o r said stallion by the Kansas State
Live Stock Registry Board, and then said stallion may be advertised as
sound only during the life of the certificate of soundness. This certificate of soundness shall be punished by a fine of not less than $20 and not
more than $50 f o r during which it is issued. The fee of each certificate
of soundness shall not exceed $2.00 for each stallion.
Sec. 13. Any person, persons, firm, company, corporation o r association that shall violate any of the provisions of this act, shall be deemed
guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction in any court of competent
jurisdiction shall be punished by a fine of not less than $20 and not more
than $50 for each offense.
Sec. 14. The funds accruing from the above named fees shall be used
by the Kansas State Live Stock Registry Board to defray the expenses of
enrolment of pedigrees and the issuing of licenses, to publish reports o r
bulletins containing lists of stallions, licenses and transfers, and all money
accruing above the amount necessary f o r said purposes shall be turned
into the general revenue fund of the State. It shall be the duty of the
Kansas State Live Stock Registry Board t o make annual report, including
financial statements, t o the governor of the State, and all financial records
of said Kansas State Live Stock Registry Board shall be open t o inspection.
Sec. 15. All licenses issued by the Kansas State Live Stock Registry
Board under the provisions of chapter 168, Laws of 1909, shall become null
and void and not in force on and after July 1, 1917.
Sec. 16. All laws and parts of laws, including chapter 168, Laws of
1909, in conflict with this act are hereby repealed.
Sec. 17. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after
July 1, 1913, and its publication in the official statute book.
Approved March 3, 1913.
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