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Committed to Connecting the World
ITU Arab Regional Development Forum 2008
Bridging the ICT standardization gap in developing countries
Damascus (Syria), 20-22 June 2008
Cooperation between the
Telecommunication Standardization and
Radiocommunication Sectors in the Area
of Standardization
Alexandre VASSILIEV
Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R),
Radiocommunication Bureau
Telephone: +41 22 730 5924
E-mail: alexandre.vassiliev@itu.int
International
Telecommunication
Union
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Committed to Connecting the World
The start of cooperation
• With the appearance of radiocommunication came
the use of Morse code for wireless telegraphy.
• Cooperation was made necessary by the emergence
of hybrid networks using both radio and wired
components. For example:
– use of radio-relay links for connecting the nodes
of public networks;
– use of satellite systems to connect continents and
remote localities;
– mobile communication systems;
– etc.
International
Telecommunication
Union
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Committed to Connecting the World
“Multipoint-to-multipoint” (MP-MP) system
with mesh network topology
(Rec. ITU-R F.1704)
Multihop path between
Многопролетная
трасса
nodes
A
and
между Узлами А иEЕ
Wireless
networkсети
Линии
беспроводной
links
Backbone
Магистральная
network
сеть
C
B
D
Backbone
Магистральная
network
сеть
A
E
F
Single-hop path between
Однопролетная
трасса
nodes A and E
между Узлами А и Е
H
International
Telecommunication
Union
G
1704-01
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Committed to Connecting the World
Key documents
• ITU Constitution and Convention (see at:
http://www.itu.int/publ/S-CONF-PLEN-2007/en)
• Resolution ITU-R 6-1 “Liaison and collaboration
with the ITU Telecommunication Standardization
Sector (see at: http://www.itu.int/publ/R-RES-R.6-12000/en)
• ITU-T Resolution 18 “Principles and procedures for
the allocation of work to, and coordination between,
ITU-T and ITU-R” (see at:
http://www.itu.int/publ/T-RES-T.18-2004/en)
• Resolutions on the coordination of specific areas of
work (e.g. ITU-T Res. 38 “Coordination among ITUT, ITU-R and ITU-D for activities relating to IMT2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000”, see at:
http://www.itu.int/publ/T-RES-T.38-2004/en)
International
Telecommunication
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Committed to Connecting the World
Distribution of work between ITU-R and ITU-T
Resolution ITU-R 6-1 of the ITU Radiocommunication
Assembly 2007 (RA-07),
....
resolves
1 to refer to the Radiocommunication Advisory Group in
collaboration with the Telecommunication Standardization
Advisory Group, the continuing review of new and
existing work and its distribution between the two Sectors,
for approval by Members in accordance with the
procedures laid down for the approval of new or revised
Questions taking into account the activities and results of
the ongoing restructuring efforts within ITU;
....
Similar instructions are also to be found in ITU-T Resolution 18 International
Telecommunication
Union
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Committed to Connecting the World
Examples of areas of cooperation
in recent years
• Third-generation mobile communications
• Use of telecommunications (wired and radio) in
emergency situations
• Digital broadcasting (television and sound)
• Satellite Internet access
• Use of the optical frequency range
• Network synchronization
• etc.
International
Telecommunication
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Committed to Connecting the World
IMT mobile communication system:
based on the combination of different types of
radio facility and “wired”communication systems
S e rvic e s a n d
A p p lic a tio n s
N e w R a d io
In te rfa c e
d o w n lo a d c h a n n e l
re tu rn c h a n n e l
e .g . c e llu la r
D ig ita l
B ro a d c a s t
IP b a s e d
C o re N e tw o rk
C e llu la r
2nd gen.
IM T -2 0 0 0
S h o rt R a n g e
C o n n e c tivity
W ire lin e
xD SL
W L AN
typ e
o th e r
e n titie s
International
Telecommunication
Union
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Committed to Connecting the World
Telecoms in emergency situations
and in relation to climate change
• ITU-R and ITU-T Recommendations on the use of
different telecom services and systems in emergency
situations
• ITU-R Recommendations take account of the special
signalling protocols developed in ITU-T Study Groups
• Programmes on the use of telecomunications in the
effort to reduce climate change are being developed in
the three Sectors and General Secretariat
International
Telecommunication
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Committed to Connecting the World
Television
The ITU-R basic Recommendations are also used for
IPTV:
- For digital television: BT.601-6 “Studio encoding
parameters of digital television for standard 4:3 and
wide screen aspect ratios”
- For high-definition television: BT.709-5 “Parameter
values for the HDTV standards for production and
international programme exchange”
International
Telecommunication
Union
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Committed to Connecting the World
Television and sound broadcasting
Examples of ITU-R and ITU-T Recommendations
ITU-R
• BT.500-11 “Methodology for the subjective assessment of the
quality of television pictures”
• BT.1359-1 “Relative timing of sound and vision for
broadcasting”
• BT.1737 “Use of the ITU-T Recommendation H.264 (MPEG4/AVC) video source-coding method to transport high
definition TV programme material”
ITU-T
• H.262 “Information technology - Generic coding of moving
pictures and associated audio information: Video – МРЕG-2”
• H.264 “Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services
– МРЕG-4”
International
• T.140 “Protocol for multimedia application text conversation”
Telecommunication
• Y.1541 “Network performance objectives for IP-based Union
services”
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Committed to Connecting the World
Access to Internet via satellites
• The TCP/IP protocol has a number of limitations
inasmuch as it fails to take account of the specific
features of satellite systems. Among other things, it
does not distinguish between a quality loss caused by
line errors and a quality loss caused by a network
overload. It assumes that losses are being caused by
an overload and reduces the transmission rate.
• The use (TCP Reno) of slow start, congestion
avoidance, fast retransmission and fast restoration
methods in their “standard” form leads to a drop in
transmission speed.
International
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Committed to Connecting the World
Internet via satellite
Examples of ITU-R Recommendations for increasing
the capacity and reliability of a satellite system
using the TCP/IP protocol:
• Recommendation ITU-R S.1711 “Performance
enhancements of transmission control protocol over
satellite networks”.
• Recommendation ITU-R ВО.1724 “Interactive
satellite broadcasting systems (television, sound and
data)”
International
Telecommunication
Union
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Committed to Connecting the World
Structure of a global/regional broadband network
Includes:
•Access network: delivers services to end users.
•Distribution network: distributes the information content to the
boundary of the service area.
•Base network: provides trunking services.
Access network
(end user
boundary of service area)
“Point-to-point” + multi-address
transmission
Distribution of information content
to boundary of service area
“Point-to-point e.g. links
delivering services between
continents
Multi-address
transmission
Content
Base network
ADSL: assymetric digital subscriber line
LMDS: local multipoint distribution system
POP: point of presence
Base network (backbone
connection)
LMDS,
ADSL
International
Telecommunication
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Committed to Connecting the World
Use of optical frequency bands
and optical links
• Already now there are radiocommunication and
remote Earth sensing systems using optical
frequency bands
• In developing standards for such systems, ITU-R
makes wide use of ITU-T’s experience in the area of
fibre-optic communication systems
International
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Committed to Connecting the World
Synchronization of systems
• Many (if not most) networks are synchronized by
means of standard time signals received from the
GPS and GLONASS satellite navigation systems
• The structure of time signals and frequencies used
are described in the TF-series “Time signals and
frequency standards emissions” of ITU-R
Recommendations and in the Radio Regulations
• ITU-R regularly informs ITU-T about any planned
changes to the relevant Recommendations
International
Telecommunication
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Committed to Connecting the World
International
Telecommunication
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