International Telecommunication Union
Mobility vs Nomadicity
IETF protocols for Mobile Communications
Kiritkumar P Lathia, C. Eng., FIEE
ITU-T SG19 Vice Chairman
Vice President – Com Network Technologies
Standards & Fora
Siemens Mobile communications SpA, Italy
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
Mobile Communication used for
everything, incl. internet access
Mobile
subscribers
ITU-T
Subscriptions world-wide (millions)
1800
1600
Mobile
Fixed
1400
Mobile Internet
1200
Fixed Internet
Mobile Internet
subscribers
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1995
2000
2005
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
2010
2
Internet and the Nomadicity :
Wireless Access on today’s Internet
ITU-T
o Lower A A A
Internet
“Mobility”
(= Wireless Access + Nomadicity)
(“hotspot” usage + “roaming” ?
o Lower Guaranteed QoS
o Regulatory Needs ?
o ...
Lesser Services
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
3
Mobility and the Internet :
the Mobile communications view
ITU-T
o Lower A A A
Mobile Network
with IP
(= Radio Access + Mobility)
Continuous availability at 160+ Km/h
o Ubiquity
o (high speed) Mobility
o Smarter Networks
o Smarter Terminals
o Lower Guarenteed QoS
o Regulatory Needs ?
o ...
Lesser Services
A ny time
A ny where
A ny device
Authentication
Authorization
Accounting
o ...
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
4
Dedicated terminals for services
ITU-T
Mobile
computing
equipment
>
>
Siemen
s
service
(Browser)
This is
s my
phone!
OK
1? OK
Corpora
te
Mobile
Smart Phone
Data only
Terminal
• Heavy nomadic users with
high bandwidth demand
• WWW, Internet/Intranet access,
unified messaging
•Highly mobile users with moderate
bandwidth demand
•info services, Location services,
micro payment, MMS, ...
• occasional transfer
• Fleet Management,
Telematics, Telemetrics, ...
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
5
Mobile (IP based) Network
ITU-T
Server Farms
Signalling Gateway &
Call Feature Server SIP, H.323
(3rd party)
Network server
Intelligent server Application server
Mobility server
AAA
DNS
NAT
GK
Media
Gateways
Legacy Networks
“IP+” Network
Fixed / Multimedia Access
Multiple
Radio
Standards:
Wireless Access
- GSM
- EDGE
- UMTS
- TD SCDMA
- WLAN
- ...
“IP+” means all necessary IETF protocols for network
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
6
Personalised Service Ubiquity
Key driver for network integration (FMC)
ITU-T
Mobile network
services
Internet
services
Fixed network
services
IP+ network
for
Multi-Media services
(with IMS as used
by
Mobile Communications)
Enterprise network
services
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
7
ITU-T
IP - Hides network infrastructure
from the application
WWW
WWW
E-mail
E-mail
VoIP
VoIP
Ecommerce
...
...
Application
Common IP+ (backbone) Network
Anything over IP
IP facilitates usage of
applications across
network boundaries
(write once - use many
times)
IP+ Network
Internet
“Access”
Network
PSTN
PLMN
Corporate
Network
Switch
IP over anything
A common IP layer
harmonises networks
and provides
internetworking over
different network
technologies
Any Terminal
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
8
Layered Functional Architecture
Application
ITU-T
API
API
API
Services
Security
OAM&P
Control
Transport
signalling
access
specific
bearer
Separation of services/applications, control, and transport layers
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
9
Generic Telecom Network reqmts
ITU-T
o
o
99.999% network up time
Regulatory reqmts. are different:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
o
o
Correct use of spectrum (no interference)
“Receive before transmit” (no harm)
No unauthorised use (stolen terminals)
“Open network” interconnection points
Virtual (mobile) operators (network sharing)
Emergency Communications (fire, police, … )
“Exact” location identity + (“wire tapping”)
Legacy Networks still for 10+ years
Smooth transition from legacy to “evolution”
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
10
ISIM Characteristics
ITU-T
• ISIM “card” is used for subscriber authentication when
modifying VLR/HLR information, access to services,
first network access, etc.
• ISIM contains, as a minimum, the following:
è
International Mobile Subscriber Identity
è
Cryptographic authentication algorithm
è
Secret subscriber authentication key
è
temporary network data
(carrier frequencies, Forbidden PLMNs,
access control classes, etc.)
è
Service related data
(Language, Advice of Charge, etc.)
(Note: Physical smart card is called UICC)
( HW provides more security than SW )
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
11
Why ISIM ?
ITU-T
• Separate equipment manufacturing domain from
operation domain
(handling of subscriber related info.)
• provide secure access to reduce fraudulent and/or
unauthorised use
• provide identification and authentication of subscriber
+ terminal
• provide roaming between networks (network
selection)
• Private user data
(abbreviated dialling, address book, …)
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
12
Why ISIM Application toolkit?
ITU-T
• Service differentiation by service providers not
equipment manufacturers
• provide user defined features (dial control,
call barring, ring tones, … )
• third party applications (smart card, prepayment, banking services, … )
• automatic call set-up based on identities
• provide local information about cell identity,
call status, …
• etc.
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
13
Conclusions
ITU-T o (Mobile) Telecommunications is different
from “Internet” and is regulated
o No “network / server access” problems as
reliability reqmts is 99.999% up-time
o Emergency (and location) reqmts very strict
esp. after 9/11/2001
o IP+ (with IMS) is a way forward to create
“Network agnostic Services” and
“Access agnostic Network”
ITU and IETF need to work in partnership
ITU-T Workshop on NGN (jointly organized with IETF)
Geneva, 1-2 May 2005
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