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Type Approval Laboratory
for electronic communication
equipment
Basic Concepts & Requirements
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Scope of the Workshop
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 Normative, regulatory and standardization frameworks
 Basic concepts of Type Approval Test Methodologies
 Conformity Assessment Concepts & Requirements
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Safety and EMC
Spectral Efficiency
Fixed Coommunications (Legacy & NGN) equipment
Mobile Communications equipment
Broadcasting services equipment
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Participation
 Regulators (Tanzania, Kenya)
 Standardisation Bodies (TBS)
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 Opearators
 Sintesio Team - consisting of experts from the industry
(EMC, fixed networks, mobile networks, broadcasting),
specially selected for this particular project
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Workshop Overview
 Introductions
 TCRA presentations
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 Sintesio presentations (general, EMC, safety,
broadcasting, mobile networks, fixed networks)
 Breakaway sessions
 Wrap-up on breakaway sessions
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Results of the Workshop
 Summary  Inputs to Cost Evaluation:
 Normative, regulatory and standardization
frameworks
 Agreement on Basic Conformity asses. concepts
 Applicable Type Approval Procedures
 Laboratory Requirements
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 Next step(s):
 Evaluating the cost of Type Approval Lab.
 Designing the Type Approval Laboratory
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Current Status
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Regulatory Framework well established
Type Approval in place
Testing limited at the most to field trials
Installation personell has to be certified
Vendors/ distributors have to be rgistered with the
authority
 Problem of counterfeit, sub-standard mobile terminals
 More normative framework still needed
 More enforcement needed
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Type Approval is ...
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Type approval is granted to a product that meets a
minimum set of regulatory, technical and safety
requirements.
Generally, type approval is required before a product is
allowed to be sold in a particular country, so the
requirements for a given product will vary around the
world.
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Operator Vs “Regulator” Perspective
 Operators essentially want to assure revenue and
therefore strive to create/preserve value for their
customers
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 While the aim of regulators is to protect the people, the
environment and the resources
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Operators do
 Performance measurement (KPIs, network element
counters, signalling monitoring)
 Implementation / protocol conformance testing
 field trial testing/ drive tests – real environment
 interoperability testing
 load testing
 E2E testing
 Sometimes have test plants / laboratories and are
better placed to conduct some tests
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Regulators/Governments Enforce
 Essential requirements:
- Safety (LVD, SAR, radiated emissions)
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- Electromagnetic Compatibility (emissions and
immunity)
- Efficient use of radiofrequency spectrum
 Other
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Testing
 Conformity
- To essential requirements
- Additional, e.g. interoperability, emergency …
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 Interoperability (Interconnection, interworking,
roaming, multiple vendor network)
- Not practical in type approval
- This is a real problem everybody faces
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Conformity Assessment cost depends
on a wider Type Approval framework
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Two dimensions of Conformity
Assessment costs
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Subject of the discussion
of this workshop!
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Different Test & Measurement methods
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Test methods
Applicable for Mean of Testing
Type Approval
(MoT)
Note
Conformance
testing
YES
Laboratory
ISO 9646 test methodology
Interoperability
Testing
CONDITIONAL
Laboratory
/Network
ETSI recommendation
Spectral
compatibility
YES
Laboratory
/Network
Part of the
R&TTE 1999/05 directive
QoS
testing
NO
Network
Rec. ITU-T X.902
QoS
QoE
testing
NO
Network
Statistical methods,
e.g. Mean Opinion Score (MOS)
Acustic
CONDITIONAL
Laboratory
Rec. ITU-T P.64, P.79 and
measurement
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EG 202 237
ETSI EG 201 377-2
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Point of Reference: CE mark Approval
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 R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC on radio and
telecommunications terminal equipment defines a
normative framework for CE mark approval and
represents a good example and a point of reference for
setting a type approval process on a national and
international level.
 Low Voltage Directive (LVD) – Directive 2006/95/EC
 Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) Directive – Directive
2004/108/EC
 radio equipment shall be so constructed that it effectively
uses the spectrum allocated to terrestrial/space radio
communication
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R&TTE Requirements
R&TTE … Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
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Essential
Requirements
Directive(s)
Presumption of
Conformance
Safety
3.1.a
EMC
3.1.b
Efficient use of RF Spectrum
3.2
Optional
3.3
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Standards(s)
Other(s)
Technical justification
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Safety Standards
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IEC 60065 for Household Audio/Video Equipment
IEC 60335 Household and similar electrical appliances
IEC 60601 Medical Electrical Equipment
IEC 60691 Thermal Links
IEC 60730 Automatic Electrical Controls
IEC 60745 Hand-held Electric Tools
IEC 60950 Information Technology Equipment
IEC 61010 Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and
Laboratory Use
 IEC 61058 Switches for Appliances
 IEC 61215 and IEC 61646 for Photovoltaic (PV) Modules
 IEC 61965 for Cathode Ray Tubes
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Good practice
Low Voltage Directive (LVD) 2006/95/EC
 http://ec.europa.eu/safety
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 Harmonized standard IEC/ETSI EN 60950
• Electric shock
• Energy hazards
• Fire
• Mechanical and heat hazards
• Radiation hazards
• Chemical hazards
• Electric strength
• Leakage current
• Resistance to fire
• Protection from electric shock
• Protection from energy hazards
• Physical and constructive requirements
and more then 400 pages in std. EN 60950
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EMC - What We Need?
EMC standards
knowledge
measurement equipment
laboratory
good will (intentions)
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EMC Standards
IEC CISPR 16
IEC CISPR 22 (EN 55022)
IEC CISPR 24
EN 300 386 v 1.4.1
EN 61000
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Broadcasting technologies
BROADCASTING
AUDIO BROADCASTING (Analogue: AM, FM)
VIDEO BROADCASTING (Analogue)
AUDIO BROADCASTING (Digital: DRM, T-DAB)
VIDEO BROADCASTING (Digital)
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PLAYOUT EQUIPMENT
(Encoders, Multiplexers,
Terminal equipment)
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TRANSMISSION
EQUIPMENT
(Transmitters, Repeaters,
Gap fillers)
RECEIVERS
(STB's, IdTV's, PC
receivers)
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ANALOGUE BROADCASTING
TECHNOLOGY
NETWORK
DIRECTIVES
VIDEO
VIDEO
AUDIO
PLAYOUT EQUIPMENT
(Encoders, Multiplexers,
Terminal equipment)
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AUDIO
T-DAB, DRM
TRANSMISSION
EQUIPMENT
(Transmitters, Repeaters,
Gap fillers)
R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC
(LVD Directive 73/23/EEC (2006/95/EC))
(EMC Directive 89/336/EEC (2004/108/EC))
STANDARDS
DIGITAL BROADCASTING
EMC: EN 301 489 – 1 v1.8.1, EN 301 489 – 14 v1.2.1
SAFETY: EN 60065:2002 + A1:2006, EN 60215:1989 + A1:1992 +
A2:1994
RADIO: EN 302 296 v1.1.1, IEC 244-5 (clause 5.1)
RECEIVERS
(STB's, IdTV's, PC
receivers)
SPECIAL
REQUIREMENTS
(NATIONAL)
Requirement
specifications for
DVB-T receivers
GOVERNMENTAL AND
REGULATORY
SUPPORT
''INFORMATION
CAMPAIGN''
''VERIFICATION
PROCESS''
''ASO PLAN''
TEST PROCEDURES
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ETSI ETR 290
IEC 60244-1
IEC 60244-6
…….
Test specifications
for DVB-T
receivers
''PERMANENT TEST
PLATFORM''
*specific to DVB-T (free-to-air service)
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Testing of receivers
 Assuring that the receivers comply with (future!) DVB-T
network characteristics
 Two approaches are proposed:
 One-time testing at TAL (testing of one type, preparing
a report, support in solving problems, database support
for Communication campaign)
 Permanent testing – permanent platform for
compatibility and interoperability testing (DVB-T network
is a changing environment!) using all approved
receivers on the market
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Mobile Communications Systems
 1st Generation ( Analogue, e.g. AMPS, NMT, TACS)
 2nd Generation (digital, e.g. GSM, PCS)
MAIN SCOPE?
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 3rd Generation (IMT-2000/UMTS)
 4th Generation (LTE Advanced)
 Other (PMR, TETRA etc)
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Main Subsystems
Access Network
UM
.
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User
Equipmet
.
UU
Mobility, Call & Session Management
Radio
.
R&TTE (Including safety & EMC)
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Core Network –
Circuit Switched
(Non-Radio)
Core Network –
Packet Switched
safety & EMC
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Fixed network equipment
Types of UE
Core and
aggregation network
Transport network
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Access network
Broadband access
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Home Gateway
IP phone
(IP) PBX
POS
PC (softphone)
Set-top-box (STB)
Types of NE
Softswitch
IMS system
Core routers
L2/L3 switches
BRAS
IPTV system platform
Legacy networks (ATM, FR)
SDH, PDH
DWDM, CWDM
Broadband MSAN equipment
(xDSL, FTTH, POTS, …)
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Scope of the Breakaway session
Decide upon TAL framework
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 Which user eqipment and network elements should be
type approved?
 What test methodologies should be used?
 Which standards & recommendations should the
equipment comply to?
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Wrap-Up of the Breakaway Sessions – Common
 R&TTE Directive is a good point of reference
 Technology Independence is important
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 Phased approach is encouraged
 The most problematic issues are to be addressed first
(i.e. user equipment, receivers)
 (Harmonised) standards and their references to be
used wherever possible
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Issues Identified
 Counterfeit mobile terminals
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- cannot be solved by means of TA as those terminals
enter the market illegally
 Questionable quality of network equipment, i.e.
equipment not meeting the declared operation
parametres
- can be solved by menas of TA only to some extent
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Cocluding Remarks
 An independent testing facility is important for the
region.
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 Phased approach encouraged. Start with essential
requirements and then expand the scope based on the
demand
 There is adequate regulatory framework but not
enough normative framework and, consequently, little
enforcement
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Concluding Remarks
 Fake phones issue cannot be solved by means of testing and TA
alone if they enter the market illegally, i.e. without TA
 Operators and regulators should equip themselves with detailed
technical (protocols, architecture, testing) knowledge. Ideally by
menas of university courses and other “neutral” sources
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 Operators to concentrate on interoperability, performance and
QoS. Signalling monitoring essential
 In the beginning, regulators to concentrate on essential
requirements
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Discussion
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?
kuznar@sintesio.org
primoz.jenko@mobitel.si
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More …
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Support Slides
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Conformance for Each OSI Layer!
OSI Model
Data unit
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Host
layers
Media
layers
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Layer
Function
7. Application
Network process to application
6. Presentation
Data representation and encryption
5. Session
Interhost communication
Segment
4. Transport
End-to-end connections and reliability
Packet
3. Network
Path determination and logical addressing
Frame
2. Data Link
Physical addressing
Bit
1. Physical
Media, signal and binary transmission
Data
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Why safety?
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 Electrical products are now the cause of 80% of all
fires.
 Technology trend leads to reduction and minimization
of electronic circuits.
 The concentration of elements and concentration of
electric power per mm2 is increasing.
 Electrical products can fail and may not guarante full
life time.
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Step 1
 Select the product
categories
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 Choose the
corresponding standards
 Equip the test laboratory,
acquire knowledge and
experience
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Step 2
 Enforce safety regulations
in the country
 Determine the penalty
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 Implement controls on the
market
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How to build the test site
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 Prepare enough place for:
 Warehouse for measurement and IUT equipment
 Filtering the Internal AC main power and IT network
(safety fuse and separate distribution)
 Long term tests (tests can take more than 1 month)
 Temperature&humidy tests (to assure separate
place for noisy test equipment
(temperature&humidity chamber))
 AC/AC or DC/DC variation
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EMC definition
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 Electromagnetic compatibility is the ability of a
device, unit of a device or system to function
satisfactorily in the electromagnetic
environment, without the unacceptable
electromagnetic disturbances
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EMC laboratory
Dilemma:
• Pre-compliance
or
• Compliance test
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• OATS
(open area test site)
or
• EMC anechoic chamber
(shielded room)
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EMC laboratory - 2
 For civil use or military use
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 As a help of the domestic electronics industry
or just interception of the poor products on the
market
 big difference for the investor
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EMC laboratory - 3
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Types of Mobile User Equipment
Equipment Types
Terminals / User
equipment
Access Network –
With Radio Parts
Access Network – No
Radio Parts
-MS
-NodeB
-RNC
- UE
- BTS
-BSC
.
- Repeater
-TRAU
- MSC/ VLR
-MSCS/ VLR
-HLR/AuC
-VLR
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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Core Network
-SGSN
-GGSN
-EIR
-SCP
-SMSC
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